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flair/pos-english

sourceHugging Faceupdated 3y agoView on Hugging Face
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English Part-of-Speech Tagging in Flair (default model)

This is the standard part-of-speech tagging model for English that ships with Flair.

F1-Score: 98,19 (Ontonotes)

Predicts fine-grained POS tags:

**tag****meaning**
ADDEmail
AFXAffix
CCCoordinating conjunction
CDCardinal number
DTDeterminer
EXExistential there
FWForeign word
HYPHHyphen
INPreposition or subordinating conjunction
JJAdjective
JJRAdjective, comparative
JJSAdjective, superlative
LSList item marker
MDModal
NFPSuperfluous punctuation
NNNoun, singular or mass
NNPProper noun, singular
NNPSProper noun, plural
NNSNoun, plural
PDTPredeterminer
POSPossessive ending
PRPPersonal pronoun
PRP$Possessive pronoun
RBAdverb
RBRAdverb, comparative
RBSAdverb, superlative
RPParticle
SYMSymbol
TOto
UHInterjection
VBVerb, base form
VBDVerb, past tense
VBGVerb, gerund or present participle
VBNVerb, past participle
VBPVerb, non-3rd person singular present
VBZVerb, 3rd person singular present
WDTWh-determiner
WPWh-pronoun
WP$Possessive wh-pronoun
WRBWh-adverb
XXUnknown

Based on Flair embeddings and LSTM-CRF.


Demo: How to use in Flair

Requires: [Flair](https://github.com/flairNLP/flair/) (pip install flair)

python
from flair.data import Sentence
from flair.models import SequenceTagger

# load tagger
tagger = SequenceTagger.load("flair/pos-english")

# make example sentence
sentence = Sentence("I love Berlin.")

# predict NER tags
tagger.predict(sentence)

# print sentence
print(sentence)

# print predicted NER spans
print('The following NER tags are found:')
# iterate over entities and print
for entity in sentence.get_spans('pos'):
    print(entity)

This yields the following output:

Span [1]: "I"   [− Labels: PRP (1.0)]
Span [2]: "love"   [− Labels: VBP (1.0)]
Span [3]: "Berlin"   [− Labels: NNP (0.9999)]
Span [4]: "."   [− Labels: . (1.0)]

So, the word "I" is labeled as a pronoun (PRP), "love" is labeled as a verb (VBP) and "Berlin" is labeled as a proper noun (NNP) in the sentence "I love Berlin".


Training: Script to train this model

The following Flair script was used to train this model:

python
from flair.data import Corpus
from flair.datasets import ColumnCorpus
from flair.embeddings import WordEmbeddings, StackedEmbeddings, FlairEmbeddings

# 1. load the corpus (Ontonotes does not ship with Flair, you need to download and reformat into a column format yourself)
corpus: Corpus = ColumnCorpus(
                "resources/tasks/onto-ner",
                column_format={0: "text", 1: "pos", 2: "upos", 3: "ner"},
                tag_to_bioes="ner",
            )

# 2. what tag do we want to predict?
tag_type = 'pos'

# 3. make the tag dictionary from the corpus
tag_dictionary = corpus.make_tag_dictionary(tag_type=tag_type)

# 4. initialize each embedding we use
embedding_types = [

    # contextual string embeddings, forward
    FlairEmbeddings('news-forward'),

    # contextual string embeddings, backward
    FlairEmbeddings('news-backward'),
]

# embedding stack consists of Flair and GloVe embeddings
embeddings = StackedEmbeddings(embeddings=embedding_types)

# 5. initialize sequence tagger
from flair.models import SequenceTagger

tagger = SequenceTagger(hidden_size=256,
                        embeddings=embeddings,
                        tag_dictionary=tag_dictionary,
                        tag_type=tag_type)

# 6. initialize trainer
from flair.trainers import ModelTrainer

trainer = ModelTrainer(tagger, corpus)

# 7. run training
trainer.train('resources/taggers/pos-english',
              train_with_dev=True,
              max_epochs=150)

Cite

Please cite the following paper when using this model.

@inproceedings{akbik2018coling,
  title={Contextual String Embeddings for Sequence Labeling},
  author={Akbik, Alan and Blythe, Duncan and Vollgraf, Roland},
  booktitle = {{COLING} 2018, 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics},
  pages     = {1638--1649},
  year      = {2018}
}

Issues?

The Flair issue tracker is available here.