albertus-sussex/veriscrape-sbert-book-wo-ref-gpt-4o-mini

SentenceTransformer based on Alibaba-NLP/gte-base-en-v1.5

This is a sentence-transformers model finetuned from Alibaba-NLP/gte-base-en-v1.5. It maps sentences & paragraphs to a 768-dimensional dense vector space and can be used for semantic textual similarity, semantic search, paraphrase mining, text classification, clustering, and more.

Model Details

Model Description

• —Model Type: Sentence Transformer
• —Base model: Alibaba-NLP/gte-base-en-v1.5 <!-- at revision a829fd0e060bb84554da0dfd354d0de0f7712b7f -->
• —Maximum Sequence Length: 64 tokens
• —Output Dimensionality: 768 dimensions
• —Similarity Function: Cosine Similarity <!-- - Training Dataset: Unknown --> <!-- - Language: Unknown --> <!-- - License: Unknown -->

Model Sources

• —Documentation: Sentence Transformers Documentation
• —Repository: Sentence Transformers on GitHub
• —Hugging Face: Sentence Transformers on Hugging Face

Full Model Architecture

SentenceTransformer(
  (0): Transformer({'max_seq_length': 64, 'do_lower_case': False}) with Transformer model: NewModel 
  (1): Pooling({'word_embedding_dimension': 768, 'pooling_mode_cls_token': True, 'pooling_mode_mean_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_max_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_sqrt_len_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_weightedmean_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_lasttoken': False, 'include_prompt': True})
)

Usage

Direct Usage (Sentence Transformers)

First install the Sentence Transformers library:

pip install -U sentence-transformers

Then you can load this model and run inference.

from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer

# Download from the 🤗 Hub
model = SentenceTransformer("albertus-sussex/veriscrape-sbert-book-wo-ref-gpt-4o-mini")
# Run inference
sentences = [
    'Pub. Date: March 2010',
    'Pub. Date: November 1999',
    '9780738710181',
]
embeddings = model.encode(sentences)
print(embeddings.shape)
# [3, 768]

# Get the similarity scores for the embeddings
similarities = model.similarity(embeddings, embeddings)
print(similarities.shape)
# [3, 3]

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Downstream Usage (Sentence Transformers)

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Evaluation

Metrics

Triplet

• —Evaluated with <code>TripletEvaluator</code>

Silhouette

• —Evaluated with <code>veriscrape.training.SilhouetteEvaluator</code>

Triplet

• —Evaluated with <code>TripletEvaluator</code>

Silhouette

• —Evaluated with <code>veriscrape.training.SilhouetteEvaluator</code>

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Training Details

Training Dataset

Unnamed Dataset

• —Size: 39,421 training samples
• —Columns: <code>anchor</code>, <code>positive</code>, <code>negative</code>, <code>posattrname</code>, <code>negattrname</code>, and <code>website_id</code>
• —Approximate statistics based on the first 1000 samples: | | anchor | positive | negative | posattrname | negattrname | website_id | |:--------|:--------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:--------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:--------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | type | string | string | string | string | string | int | | details | <ul><li>min: 3 tokens</li><li>mean: 7.4 tokens</li><li>max: 34 tokens</li></ul> | <ul><li>min: 3 tokens</li><li>mean: 7.61 tokens</li><li>max: 64 tokens</li></ul> | <ul><li>min: 3 tokens</li><li>mean: 7.47 tokens</li><li>max: 26 tokens</li></ul> | <ul><li>min: 3 tokens</li><li>mean: 3.91 tokens</li><li>max: 5 tokens</li></ul> | <ul><li>min: 3 tokens</li><li>mean: 3.77 tokens</li><li>max: 5 tokens</li></ul> | <ul><li>0: ~23.60%</li><li>1: ~13.60%</li><li>2: ~14.80%</li><li>3: ~11.90%</li><li>4: ~8.60%</li><li>5: ~5.40%</li><li>6: ~3.90%</li><li>7: ~6.90%</li><li>8: ~5.10%</li><li>9: ~6.20%</li></ul> |
• —Samples: | anchor | positive | negative | posattrname | negattrname | websiteid | |:-------------------------------------|:-------------------------------------------|:------------------------------|:-----------------------|:------------------------------|:---------------| | <code>978-1423376644</code> | <code>0310318858</code> | <code>Published: 1986</code> | <code>isbn13</code> | <code>publication_date</code> | <code>1</code> | | <code>Vintage Books</code> | <code>Harpercollins</code> | <code>Book Of The Dead</code> | <code>publisher</code> | <code>title</code> | <code>8</code> | | <code>Publisher: Viking Adult</code> | <code>Publisher: Hardie Grant Books</code> | <code>Moody Press</code> | <code>publisher</code> | <code>author</code> | <code>1</code> |
• —Loss: <code>TripletLoss</code> with these parameters:

  {
      "distance_metric": "TripletDistanceMetric.EUCLIDEAN",
      "triplet_margin": 5
  }

Evaluation Dataset

Unnamed Dataset

• —Size: 4,381 evaluation samples
• —Columns: <code>anchor</code>, <code>positive</code>, <code>negative</code>, <code>posattrname</code>, <code>negattrname</code>, and <code>website_id</code>
• —Approximate statistics based on the first 1000 samples: | | anchor | positive | negative | posattrname | negattrname | website_id | |:--------|:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:--------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:--------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:--------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | type | string | string | string | string | string | int | | details | <ul><li>min: 3 tokens</li><li>mean: 7.59 tokens</li><li>max: 26 tokens</li></ul> | <ul><li>min: 3 tokens</li><li>mean: 7.5 tokens</li><li>max: 64 tokens</li></ul> | <ul><li>min: 3 tokens</li><li>mean: 7.44 tokens</li><li>max: 26 tokens</li></ul> | <ul><li>min: 3 tokens</li><li>mean: 3.93 tokens</li><li>max: 5 tokens</li></ul> | <ul><li>min: 3 tokens</li><li>mean: 3.79 tokens</li><li>max: 5 tokens</li></ul> | <ul><li>0: ~23.40%</li><li>1: ~11.30%</li><li>2: ~14.50%</li><li>3: ~11.80%</li><li>4: ~8.80%</li><li>5: ~5.80%</li><li>6: ~3.60%</li><li>7: ~7.50%</li><li>8: ~5.50%</li><li>9: ~7.80%</li></ul> |
• —Samples: | anchor | positive | negative | posattrname | negattrname | websiteid | |:---------------------------|:---------------------------|:-------------------------------------|:---------------------|:-----------------------|:---------------| | <code>9781878348364</code> | <code>9780321535962</code> | <code>Smith, Alexander McCall</code> | <code>isbn13</code> | <code>author</code> | <code>0</code> | | <code></code> | <code></code> | <code>William Carlos Williams</code> | <code>title</code> | <code>author</code> | <code>3</code> | | <code>: 0316065781</code> | <code>: 0451225856</code> | <code>: One World</code> | <code>isbn_13</code> | <code>publisher</code> | <code>4</code> |
• —Loss: <code>TripletLoss</code> with these parameters:

  {
      "distance_metric": "TripletDistanceMetric.EUCLIDEAN",
      "triplet_margin": 5
  }

Training Hyperparameters

Non-Default Hyperparameters

• —eval_strategy: epoch
• —per_device_train_batch_size: 128
• —per_device_eval_batch_size: 128
• —num_train_epochs: 5
• —warmup_ratio: 0.1

All Hyperparameters

<details><summary>Click to expand</summary>

• —overwrite_output_dir: False
• —do_predict: False
• —eval_strategy: epoch
• —prediction_loss_only: True
• —per_device_train_batch_size: 128
• —per_device_eval_batch_size: 128
• —per_gpu_train_batch_size: None
• —per_gpu_eval_batch_size: None
• —gradient_accumulation_steps: 1
• —eval_accumulation_steps: None
• —torch_empty_cache_steps: None
• —learning_rate: 5e-05
• —weight_decay: 0.0
• —adam_beta1: 0.9
• —adam_beta2: 0.999
• —adam_epsilon: 1e-08
• —max_grad_norm: 1.0
• —num_train_epochs: 5
• —max_steps: -1
• —lr_scheduler_type: linear
• —lr_scheduler_kwargs: {}
• —warmup_ratio: 0.1
• —warmup_steps: 0
• —log_level: passive
• —log_level_replica: warning
• —log_on_each_node: True
• —logging_nan_inf_filter: True
• —save_safetensors: True
• —save_on_each_node: False
• —save_only_model: False
• —restore_callback_states_from_checkpoint: False
• —no_cuda: False
• —use_cpu: False
• —use_mps_device: False
• —seed: 42
• —data_seed: None
• —jit_mode_eval: False
• —use_ipex: False
• —bf16: False
• —fp16: False
• —fp16_opt_level: O1
• —half_precision_backend: auto
• —bf16_full_eval: False
• —fp16_full_eval: False
• —tf32: None
• —local_rank: 0
• —ddp_backend: None
• —tpu_num_cores: None
• —tpu_metrics_debug: False
• —debug: []
• —dataloader_drop_last: False
• —dataloader_num_workers: 0
• —dataloader_prefetch_factor: None
• —past_index: -1
• —disable_tqdm: False
• —remove_unused_columns: True
• —label_names: None
• —load_best_model_at_end: False
• —ignore_data_skip: False
• —fsdp: []
• —fsdp_min_num_params: 0
• —fsdp_config: {'minnumparams': 0, 'xla': False, 'xlafsdpv2': False, 'xlafsdpgrad_ckpt': False}
• —fsdp_transformer_layer_cls_to_wrap: None
• —accelerator_config: {'splitbatches': False, 'dispatchbatches': None, 'evenbatches': True, 'useseedablesampler': True, 'nonblocking': False, 'gradientaccumulationkwargs': None}
• —deepspeed: None
• —label_smoothing_factor: 0.0
• —optim: adamw_torch
• —optim_args: None
• —adafactor: False
• —group_by_length: False
• —length_column_name: length
• —ddp_find_unused_parameters: None
• —ddp_bucket_cap_mb: None
• —ddp_broadcast_buffers: False
• —dataloader_pin_memory: True
• —dataloader_persistent_workers: False
• —skip_memory_metrics: True
• —use_legacy_prediction_loop: False
• —push_to_hub: False
• —resume_from_checkpoint: None
• —hub_model_id: None
• —hub_strategy: every_save
• —hub_private_repo: False
• —hub_always_push: False
• —gradient_checkpointing: False
• —gradient_checkpointing_kwargs: None
• —include_inputs_for_metrics: False
• —eval_do_concat_batches: True
• —fp16_backend: auto
• —push_to_hub_model_id: None
• —push_to_hub_organization: None
• —mp_parameters:
• —auto_find_batch_size: False
• —full_determinism: False
• —torchdynamo: None
• —ray_scope: last
• —ddp_timeout: 1800
• —torch_compile: False
• —torch_compile_backend: None
• —torch_compile_mode: None
• —dispatch_batches: None
• —split_batches: None
• —include_tokens_per_second: False
• —include_num_input_tokens_seen: False
• —neftune_noise_alpha: None
• —optim_target_modules: None
• —batch_eval_metrics: False
• —eval_on_start: False
• —use_liger_kernel: False
• —eval_use_gather_object: False
• —prompts: None
• —batch_sampler: batch_sampler
• —multi_dataset_batch_sampler: proportional

</details>

Training Logs

Framework Versions

• —Python: 3.10.16
• —Sentence Transformers: 4.0.1
• —Transformers: 4.45.2
• —PyTorch: 2.5.1+cu124
• —Accelerate: 1.6.0
• —Datasets: 3.1.0
• —Tokenizers: 0.20.3

Citation

BibTeX

Sentence Transformers

@inproceedings{reimers-2019-sentence-bert,
    title = "Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networks",
    author = "Reimers, Nils and Gurevych, Iryna",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing",
    month = "11",
    year = "2019",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.10084",
}

TripletLoss

@misc{hermans2017defense,
    title={In Defense of the Triplet Loss for Person Re-Identification},
    author={Alexander Hermans and Lucas Beyer and Bastian Leibe},
    year={2017},
    eprint={1703.07737},
    archivePrefix={arXiv},
    primaryClass={cs.CV}
}

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