aaa961/modernbert-embed-base-legal-matryoshka-2

ModernBERT Embed base Legal Matryoshka

This is a sentence-transformers model finetuned from nomic-ai/modernbert-embed-base on the json dataset. It maps sentences & paragraphs to a 768-dimensional dense vector space and can be used for semantic textual similarity, semantic search, paraphrase mining, text classification, clustering, and more.

Model Details

Model Description

• —Model Type: Sentence Transformer
• —Base model: nomic-ai/modernbert-embed-base <!-- at revision d556a88e332558790b210f7bdbe87da2fa94a8d8 -->
• —Maximum Sequence Length: 8192 tokens
• —Output Dimensionality: 768 dimensions
• —Similarity Function: Cosine Similarity
• —Training Dataset:
• —json
• —Language: en
• —License: apache-2.0

Model Sources

• —Documentation: Sentence Transformers Documentation
• —Repository: Sentence Transformers on GitHub
• —Hugging Face: Sentence Transformers on Hugging Face

Full Model Architecture

SentenceTransformer(
  (0): Transformer({'max_seq_length': 8192, 'do_lower_case': False}) with Transformer model: ModernBertModel 
  (1): Pooling({'word_embedding_dimension': 768, 'pooling_mode_cls_token': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_tokens': True, 'pooling_mode_max_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_sqrt_len_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_weightedmean_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_lasttoken': False, 'include_prompt': True})
  (2): Normalize()
)

Usage

Direct Usage (Sentence Transformers)

First install the Sentence Transformers library:

pip install -U sentence-transformers

Then you can load this model and run inference.

from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer

# Download from the 🤗 Hub
model = SentenceTransformer("aaa961/modernbert-embed-base-legal-matryoshka-2")
# Run inference
sentences = [
    'What motion did the court grant?',
    'failure to state claims upon which relief can be granted.  The court \ngranted the motion.  \n \n5 \nII. \nThe Court Did Not Err by Dismissing the Case \n¶ 10 \nAl-Hamim contends that the court erred by granting the \nlandlords’ motion to dismiss.  Specifically, he argues that the court \nerred by determining that the landlords did not breach the warranty',
    'advance the development of artificial intelligence . . . to comprehensively address the national \nsecurity and defense needs of the United States.”  Id. § 1051(b)(1).  The Commission must report \nits findings and recommendations to the President and Congress.  Id. § 1051(c)(1). \nThe Commission was originally set to end this October, but Congress recently extended',
]
embeddings = model.encode(sentences)
print(embeddings.shape)
# [3, 768]

# Get the similarity scores for the embeddings
similarities = model.similarity(embeddings, embeddings)
print(similarities.shape)
# [3, 3]

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Downstream Usage (Sentence Transformers)

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Evaluation

Metrics

Information Retrieval

• —Dataset: dim_768
• —Evaluated with <code>InformationRetrievalEvaluator</code> with these parameters:

  {
      "truncate_dim": 768
  }

Information Retrieval

• —Dataset: dim_512
• —Evaluated with <code>InformationRetrievalEvaluator</code> with these parameters:

  {
      "truncate_dim": 512
  }

Information Retrieval

• —Dataset: dim_256
• —Evaluated with <code>InformationRetrievalEvaluator</code> with these parameters:

  {
      "truncate_dim": 256
  }

Information Retrieval

• —Dataset: dim_128
• —Evaluated with <code>InformationRetrievalEvaluator</code> with these parameters:

  {
      "truncate_dim": 128
  }

Information Retrieval

• —Dataset: dim_64
• —Evaluated with <code>InformationRetrievalEvaluator</code> with these parameters:

  {
      "truncate_dim": 64
  }

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Training Details

Training Dataset

json

• —Dataset: json
• —Size: 5,822 training samples
• —Columns: <code>anchor</code> and <code>positive</code>
• —Approximate statistics based on the first 1000 samples: | | anchor | positive | |:--------|:----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | type | string | string | | details | <ul><li>min: 8 tokens</li><li>mean: 16.57 tokens</li><li>max: 41 tokens</li></ul> | <ul><li>min: 15 tokens</li><li>mean: 97.04 tokens</li><li>max: 156 tokens</li></ul> |
• —Samples: | anchor | positive | |:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | <code>Under what solicitations do all task orders qualify according to the Defendant?</code> | <code>orders. See SHS MJAR at 36–37; VCH MJAR at 36–37 (same). For the reasons discussed below, <br>this Court concludes that the correct interpretation of “feature” as used in Section 3306(c)(3) lies <br>between Plaintiffs’ and Defendant’s positions. <br>As Defendant argues all task orders contemplated under the Polaris Solicitations qualify as</code> | | <code>What type of project is related to the cost-reimbursement category?</code> | <code>2156–57, 2647–48. Further, offerors can earn additional points for Primary Relevant Experience <br>by submitting (1) projects completed for various government customers; (2) cost-reimbursement <br>12 <br> <br>projects; (3) task order awards on multiple-award contracts; (4) projects outside the contiguous <br>United States; (5) projects related to cybersecurity experience; and (6) projects demonstrating a</code> | | <code>Who drafted the one-sentence order that lacked stated reasons?</code> | <code>its discretion, a reviewing court looks to the trial court’s “stated justification for refusing to <br>modify” the order. Skolnick, 191 Ill. 2d at 226. <br>¶ 35 <br> <br>In the case at bar, the one-sentence April 25 order did not provide any reasons at all. The <br>losing party drafted the order without any stated reasons, although a lack of stated reasons may</code> |
• —Loss: <code>MatryoshkaLoss</code> with these parameters:

  {
      "loss": "MultipleNegativesRankingLoss",
      "matryoshka_dims": [
          768,
          512,
          256,
          128,
          64
      ],
      "matryoshka_weights": [
          1,
          1,
          1,
          1,
          1
      ],
      "n_dims_per_step": -1
  }

Training Hyperparameters

Non-Default Hyperparameters

• —eval_strategy: epoch
• —per_device_train_batch_size: 32
• —per_device_eval_batch_size: 16
• —gradient_accumulation_steps: 16
• —learning_rate: 2e-05
• —num_train_epochs: 4
• —lr_scheduler_type: cosine
• —warmup_ratio: 0.1
• —fp16: True
• —tf32: False
• —load_best_model_at_end: True
• —optim: adamwtorchfused
• —batch_sampler: no_duplicates

All Hyperparameters

<details><summary>Click to expand</summary>

• —overwrite_output_dir: False
• —do_predict: False
• —eval_strategy: epoch
• —prediction_loss_only: True
• —per_device_train_batch_size: 32
• —per_device_eval_batch_size: 16
• —per_gpu_train_batch_size: None
• —per_gpu_eval_batch_size: None
• —gradient_accumulation_steps: 16
• —eval_accumulation_steps: None
• —torch_empty_cache_steps: None
• —learning_rate: 2e-05
• —weight_decay: 0.0
• —adam_beta1: 0.9
• —adam_beta2: 0.999
• —adam_epsilon: 1e-08
• —max_grad_norm: 1.0
• —num_train_epochs: 4
• —max_steps: -1
• —lr_scheduler_type: cosine
• —lr_scheduler_kwargs: {}
• —warmup_ratio: 0.1
• —warmup_steps: 0
• —log_level: passive
• —log_level_replica: warning
• —log_on_each_node: True
• —logging_nan_inf_filter: True
• —save_safetensors: True
• —save_on_each_node: False
• —save_only_model: False
• —restore_callback_states_from_checkpoint: False
• —no_cuda: False
• —use_cpu: False
• —use_mps_device: False
• —seed: 42
• —data_seed: None
• —jit_mode_eval: False
• —use_ipex: False
• —bf16: False
• —fp16: True
• —fp16_opt_level: O1
• —half_precision_backend: auto
• —bf16_full_eval: False
• —fp16_full_eval: False
• —tf32: False
• —local_rank: 0
• —ddp_backend: None
• —tpu_num_cores: None
• —tpu_metrics_debug: False
• —debug: []
• —dataloader_drop_last: False
• —dataloader_num_workers: 0
• —dataloader_prefetch_factor: None
• —past_index: -1
• —disable_tqdm: False
• —remove_unused_columns: True
• —label_names: None
• —load_best_model_at_end: True
• —ignore_data_skip: False
• —fsdp: []
• —fsdp_min_num_params: 0
• —fsdp_config: {'minnumparams': 0, 'xla': False, 'xlafsdpv2': False, 'xlafsdpgrad_ckpt': False}
• —tp_size: 0
• —fsdp_transformer_layer_cls_to_wrap: None
• —accelerator_config: {'splitbatches': False, 'dispatchbatches': None, 'evenbatches': True, 'useseedablesampler': True, 'nonblocking': False, 'gradientaccumulationkwargs': None}
• —deepspeed: None
• —label_smoothing_factor: 0.0
• —optim: adamwtorchfused
• —optim_args: None
• —adafactor: False
• —group_by_length: False
• —length_column_name: length
• —ddp_find_unused_parameters: None
• —ddp_bucket_cap_mb: None
• —ddp_broadcast_buffers: False
• —dataloader_pin_memory: True
• —dataloader_persistent_workers: False
• —skip_memory_metrics: True
• —use_legacy_prediction_loop: False
• —push_to_hub: False
• —resume_from_checkpoint: None
• —hub_model_id: None
• —hub_strategy: every_save
• —hub_private_repo: None
• —hub_always_push: False
• —gradient_checkpointing: False
• —gradient_checkpointing_kwargs: None
• —include_inputs_for_metrics: False
• —include_for_metrics: []
• —eval_do_concat_batches: True
• —fp16_backend: auto
• —push_to_hub_model_id: None
• —push_to_hub_organization: None
• —mp_parameters:
• —auto_find_batch_size: False
• —full_determinism: False
• —torchdynamo: None
• —ray_scope: last
• —ddp_timeout: 1800
• —torch_compile: False
• —torch_compile_backend: None
• —torch_compile_mode: None
• —include_tokens_per_second: False
• —include_num_input_tokens_seen: False
• —neftune_noise_alpha: None
• —optim_target_modules: None
• —batch_eval_metrics: False
• —eval_on_start: False
• —use_liger_kernel: False
• —eval_use_gather_object: False
• —average_tokens_across_devices: False
• —prompts: None
• —batch_sampler: no_duplicates
• —multi_dataset_batch_sampler: proportional

</details>

Training Logs

• —The bold row denotes the saved checkpoint.

Framework Versions

• —Python: 3.10.10
• —Sentence Transformers: 4.1.0
• —Transformers: 4.51.3
• —PyTorch: 2.7.0+cu128
• —Accelerate: 1.6.0
• —Datasets: 3.6.0
• —Tokenizers: 0.21.1

Citation

BibTeX

Sentence Transformers

@inproceedings{reimers-2019-sentence-bert,
    title = "Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networks",
    author = "Reimers, Nils and Gurevych, Iryna",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing",
    month = "11",
    year = "2019",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.10084",
}

MatryoshkaLoss

@misc{kusupati2024matryoshka,
    title={Matryoshka Representation Learning},
    author={Aditya Kusupati and Gantavya Bhatt and Aniket Rege and Matthew Wallingford and Aditya Sinha and Vivek Ramanujan and William Howard-Snyder and Kaifeng Chen and Sham Kakade and Prateek Jain and Ali Farhadi},
    year={2024},
    eprint={2205.13147},
    archivePrefix={arXiv},
    primaryClass={cs.LG}
}

MultipleNegativesRankingLoss

@misc{henderson2017efficient,
    title={Efficient Natural Language Response Suggestion for Smart Reply},
    author={Matthew Henderson and Rami Al-Rfou and Brian Strope and Yun-hsuan Sung and Laszlo Lukacs and Ruiqi Guo and Sanjiv Kumar and Balint Miklos and Ray Kurzweil},
    year={2017},
    eprint={1705.00652},
    archivePrefix={arXiv},
    primaryClass={cs.CL}
}

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