RinKana/bge-small-en-v1.5-afterimage-v.0.1

SentenceTransformer based on BAAI/bge-small-en-v1.5

This is a sentence-transformers model finetuned from BAAI/bge-small-en-v1.5. It maps sentences & paragraphs to a 384-dimensional dense vector space and can be used for retrieval.

Model Details

Model Description

• —Model Type: Sentence Transformer
• —Base model: BAAI/bge-small-en-v1.5 <!-- at revision 5c38ec7c405ec4b44b94cc5a9bb96e735b38267a -->
• —Maximum Sequence Length: 512 tokens
• —Output Dimensionality: 384 dimensions
• —Similarity Function: Cosine Similarity
• —Supported Modality: Text <!-- - Training Dataset: Unknown --> <!-- - Language: Unknown --> <!-- - License: Unknown -->

Model Sources

• —Documentation: Sentence Transformers Documentation
• —Repository: Sentence Transformers on GitHub
• —Hugging Face: Sentence Transformers on Hugging Face

Full Model Architecture

SentenceTransformer(
  (0): Transformer({'transformer_task': 'feature-extraction', 'modality_config': {'text': {'method': 'forward', 'method_output_name': 'last_hidden_state'}}, 'module_output_name': 'token_embeddings', 'architecture': 'BertModel'})
  (1): Pooling({'embedding_dimension': 384, 'pooling_mode': 'cls', 'include_prompt': True})
  (2): Normalize({})
)

Usage

Direct Usage (Sentence Transformers)

First install the Sentence Transformers library:

pip install -U sentence-transformers

Then you can load this model and run inference.

from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer

# Download from the 🤗 Hub
model = SentenceTransformer("RinKana/bge-small-en-v1.5-afterimage-v.0.1")
# Run inference
sentences = [
    'Represent this dialogue context for retrieving the missing turn: Speaker B is replying. Previous context: Speaker A: I am considering going for the new job that was posted yesterday . Speaker B: Are you certain that that is what you want to do ? Speaker B: Why do you think that this would be a good move ? Speaker A: I believe that this job would allow me to move up but might be a little boring for me . Following context: Speaker A: Also , the matter of pay is also a consideration . Speaker A: Yes , sometimes giving up a little to move forward is the best choice . Speaker B: I think you should definitely apply for the position .',
    'Candidate response: Yes , there are always pros and cons to making a career change .',
    'Candidate response: It may not be the best choice for me , but I am considering it .',
]
embeddings = model.encode(sentences)
print(embeddings.shape)
# [3, 384]

# Get the similarity scores for the embeddings
similarities = model.similarity(embeddings, embeddings)
print(similarities)
# tensor([[1.0000, 0.7507, 0.6233],
#         [0.7507, 1.0000, 0.5267],
#         [0.6233, 0.5267, 1.0000]])

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Evaluation

Metrics

Information Retrieval

• —Dataset: gap-to-candidate-eval
• —Evaluated with <code>InformationRetrievalEvaluator</code>

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Training Details

Training Dataset

Unnamed Dataset

• —Size: 4,744 training samples
• —Columns: <code>anchor</code>, <code>positive</code>, and <code>negative</code>
• —Approximate statistics based on the first 1000 samples: | | anchor | positive | negative | |:--------|:-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:----------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | type | string | string | string | | details | <ul><li>min: 51 tokens</li><li>mean: 114.19 tokens</li><li>max: 296 tokens</li></ul> | <ul><li>min: 8 tokens</li><li>mean: 19.66 tokens</li><li>max: 71 tokens</li></ul> | <ul><li>min: 9 tokens</li><li>mean: 19.62 tokens</li><li>max: 59 tokens</li></ul> |
• —Samples: | anchor | positive | negative | |:-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | <code>Represent this dialogue context for retrieving the missing turn: Speaker B is replying. Previous context: Speaker A: Oh, yes. Could you tell me your name? Speaker B: Oh, Jerry Lynn. Speaker A: Well, what exactly is it that interests you about the job? Speaker B: I just thought that it was right up my street, you know. Speaker A: Really? Could you tell me a little about yourself? Following context: Speaker A: Do you have any special skills? Speaker B: Well, I speak two foreign languages, French and Italian. Speaker A: Well, I see.</code> | <code>Candidate response: I've been working abroad doing secretarial work. Previous to that I was at university. I've got a degree in English.</code> | <code>Candidate response: Thank you . Could you tell me the specials today ?</code> | | <code>Represent this dialogue context for retrieving the missing turn: Speaker B is replying. Previous context: Speaker A: We'll have to get you to a hospital for an X-ray . Speaker B: Is that really necessary ? Speaker A: It may be worse than it seems . How's it feel ? Speaker B: About the same . Speaker A: Someone will be out to take a look any minute now . Following context: Speaker A: Of course ! It's the sort of thing a hospital emergency ward is for . Will we have to wait much longer ? Speaker B: I hope not.It isn't that busy .</code> | <code>Candidate response: Should we be here , Alice ? I don't think it's that serious .</code> | <code>Candidate response: You don't have to worry about it . We have a one year warranty .</code> | | <code>Represent this dialogue context for retrieving the missing turn: Speaker B is replying. Previous context: Speaker A: ( Bob groans . ) What's the matter.Bob ? Speaker B: I think it's my ankle . Speaker A: What happened ? Speaker B: One of my snowshoes got caught on a rock . Speaker A: Can you stand ? Following context: Speaker A: We'll have to get you to a hospital for an X-ray . Speaker B: Is that really necessary ? Speaker A: It may be worse than it seems . How's it feel ? Speaker B: About the same . Speaker A: Someone will be out to take a look any minute now .</code> | <code>Candidate response: I don't think so.It ' s kind of sore .</code> | <code>Candidate response: You don't have to worry about it . We have a one year warranty .</code> |
• —Loss: <code>MultipleNegativesRankingLoss</code> with these parameters:

  {
      "scale": 20.0,
      "similarity_fct": "cos_sim",
      "gather_across_devices": false,
      "directions": [
          "query_to_doc"
      ],
      "partition_mode": "joint",
      "hardness_mode": null,
      "hardness_strength": 0.0
  }

Training Hyperparameters

Non-Default Hyperparameters

• —per_device_train_batch_size: 16
• —per_device_eval_batch_size: 16
• —num_train_epochs: 4
• —warmup_steps: 0.1
• —fp16: True
• —load_best_model_at_end: True
• —batch_sampler: no_duplicates

All Hyperparameters

<details><summary>Click to expand</summary>

• —do_predict: False
• —prediction_loss_only: True
• —per_device_train_batch_size: 16
• —per_device_eval_batch_size: 16
• —gradient_accumulation_steps: 1
• —eval_accumulation_steps: None
• —torch_empty_cache_steps: None
• —learning_rate: 5e-05
• —weight_decay: 0.0
• —adam_beta1: 0.9
• —adam_beta2: 0.999
• —adam_epsilon: 1e-08
• —max_grad_norm: 1.0
• —num_train_epochs: 4
• —max_steps: -1
• —lr_scheduler_type: linear
• —lr_scheduler_kwargs: None
• —warmup_ratio: None
• —warmup_steps: 0.1
• —log_level: passive
• —log_level_replica: warning
• —log_on_each_node: True
• —logging_nan_inf_filter: True
• —enable_jit_checkpoint: False
• —save_on_each_node: False
• —save_only_model: False
• —restore_callback_states_from_checkpoint: False
• —use_cpu: False
• —seed: 42
• —data_seed: None
• —bf16: False
• —fp16: True
• —bf16_full_eval: False
• —fp16_full_eval: False
• —tf32: None
• —local_rank: -1
• —ddp_backend: None
• —debug: []
• —dataloader_drop_last: False
• —dataloader_num_workers: 0
• —dataloader_prefetch_factor: None
• —disable_tqdm: False
• —remove_unused_columns: True
• —label_names: None
• —load_best_model_at_end: True
• —ignore_data_skip: False
• —fsdp: []
• —fsdp_config: {'minnumparams': 0, 'xla': False, 'xlafsdpv2': False, 'xlafsdpgrad_ckpt': False}
• —accelerator_config: {'splitbatches': False, 'dispatchbatches': None, 'evenbatches': True, 'useseedablesampler': True, 'nonblocking': False, 'gradientaccumulationkwargs': None}
• —parallelism_config: None
• —deepspeed: None
• —label_smoothing_factor: 0.0
• —optim: adamwtorchfused
• —optim_args: None
• —group_by_length: False
• —length_column_name: length
• —project: huggingface
• —trackio_space_id: trackio
• —ddp_find_unused_parameters: None
• —ddp_bucket_cap_mb: None
• —ddp_broadcast_buffers: False
• —dataloader_pin_memory: True
• —dataloader_persistent_workers: False
• —skip_memory_metrics: True
• —push_to_hub: False
• —resume_from_checkpoint: None
• —hub_model_id: None
• —hub_strategy: every_save
• —hub_private_repo: None
• —hub_always_push: False
• —hub_revision: None
• —gradient_checkpointing: False
• —gradient_checkpointing_kwargs: None
• —include_for_metrics: []
• —eval_do_concat_batches: True
• —auto_find_batch_size: False
• —full_determinism: False
• —ddp_timeout: 1800
• —torch_compile: False
• —torch_compile_backend: None
• —torch_compile_mode: None
• —include_num_input_tokens_seen: no
• —neftune_noise_alpha: None
• —optim_target_modules: None
• —batch_eval_metrics: False
• —eval_on_start: False
• —use_liger_kernel: False
• —liger_kernel_config: None
• —eval_use_gather_object: False
• —average_tokens_across_devices: True
• —use_cache: False
• —prompts: None
• —batch_sampler: no_duplicates
• —multi_dataset_batch_sampler: proportional
• —router_mapping: {}
• —learning_rate_mapping: {}

</details>

Training Logs

Training Time

• —Training: 3.7 minutes

Framework Versions

• —Python: 3.12.13
• —Sentence Transformers: 5.4.1
• —Transformers: 5.0.0
• —PyTorch: 2.10.0+cu128
• —Accelerate: 1.13.0
• —Datasets: 5.0.0
• —Tokenizers: 0.22.2

Citation

BibTeX

Sentence Transformers

@inproceedings{reimers-2019-sentence-bert,
    title = "Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networks",
    author = "Reimers, Nils and Gurevych, Iryna",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing",
    month = "11",
    year = "2019",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.10084",
}

MultipleNegativesRankingLoss

@misc{oord2019representationlearningcontrastivepredictive,
      title={Representation Learning with Contrastive Predictive Coding},
      author={Aaron van den Oord and Yazhe Li and Oriol Vinyals},
      year={2019},
      eprint={1807.03748},
      archivePrefix={arXiv},
      primaryClass={cs.LG},
      url={https://arxiv.org/abs/1807.03748},
}

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