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roozbeh-yz/IMO-Steps

IMO-Steps Dataset This dataset is a benchmark that consists of building blocks for 13 IMO problems, and also the complete formal proofs for 20 IMO problems. The topics cover a variety of concepts ranging from divisibility to finite sets and functions. All proof steps are written in Lean 4. All files compile with no error in Lean v4.17.0. The purpose of the dataset is to expose current theorem provers' ability in solving IMO problems and highlight their strengths and weaknesses.… See the full description on the dataset page: https://huggingface.co/datasets/roozbeh-yz/IMO-Steps.

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IMO-Steps Dataset

This dataset is a benchmark that consists of building blocks for 13 IMO problems, and also the complete formal proofs for 20 IMO problems. The topics cover a variety of concepts ranging from divisibility to finite sets and functions. All proof steps are written in Lean 4.

All files compile with no error in Lean v4.17.0.

The purpose of the dataset is to expose current theorem provers' ability in solving IMO problems and highlight their strengths and weaknesses.

Paper is available at arxiv.org/abs/2411.18872. It is also published at TMLR: https://openreview.net/forum?id=CrKMqRAhBo.

The dataset is released under MIT license. Contributions are welcome through pull requests.

IMO problems formalized in this paper are as follows:

\#YearProblemTopicin miniF2FLean proof publicly available\# of lines of Lean4 code
11959P1number theoryYesYes9
21960P2algebraYesYes40
31962P2algebraYesNo60
41963P5algebraYesNo50
51964P2algebraYesYes50
61965P2algebraYesNo210
71968P5algebraYesNo30
81969P2algebraYesNo150
91974P3number theoryYesNo510
101981P6algebraYesNo40
111982P1algebraYesNo75
121983P6algebraYesNo180
131984P6number theoryYesNo380
141985P6algebraYesNo1,310
151992P1number theoryYesNo480
161997P5number theoryYesNo390
172007P6algebraYesNo570
182022P2algebraNoNo260
192022P5number theoryNoNo640
202023P4number theoryNoNo450
total5,884

Performance of SOTA LLMs on the Lemmas Dataset

Problem# of lemmasDeepSeek Prover-v1.5-RL (@32)Goedel-Prover (@32)ReProver retrieval ✗ReProver retrieval ✓o3-mini (with 10 e.f.)
1959-p143 (75.0\%)2 (50.0\%)2 (50.0\%)2 (50.0\%)2 (50.0\%)
1960-p297 (77.8\%)6 (66.7\%)3 (33.3\%)4 (44.4\%)1 (11.1\%)
1962-p21413 (92.9\%)12 (85.7\%)7 (50.0\%)8 (57.1\%)6 (42.9\%)
1964-p295 (55.6\%)5 (55.6\%)5 (55.6\%)5 (55.6\%)3 (33.3\%)
1965-p27348 (65.8\%)47 (64.4\%)47 (64.4\%)46 (63.0\%)12 (16.4\%)
1983-p65325 (47.2\%)32 (60.4\%)28 (52.8\%)29 (54.7\%)18 (34.0\%)
1984-p66431 (50.0\%)33 (51.6\%)25 (39.1\%)24 (37.5\%)13 (20.3\%)
1985-p6427116 (27.2\%)116 (27.2\%)89 (20.8\%)89 (20.8\%)84 (19.7\%)
1992-p19148 (52.7\%)54 (59.3\%)35 (38.5\%)34 (37.4\%)25 (27.5\%)
1997-p512251 (41.8\%)49 (40.2\%)48 (39.3\%)51 (41.8\%)30 (24.6\%)
2022-p26134 (55.7\%)30 (49.2\%)24 (39.3\%)25 (41.0\%)25 (41.0\%)
2022-p526589 (33.6\%)76 (28.7\%)80 (30.2\%)77 (29.1\%)60 (22.6\%)
2023-p413752 (38.0\%)41 (29.9\%)43 (31.4\%)45 (32.8\%)37 (27.0\%)
Total1,329522 (39.3\%)504 (37.9\%)436 (32.8\%)439 (33.0\%)316 (23.8\%)

Distribution of Proof Length of LLM-Generated Proofs

[image] The figure demonstrates that the SOTA LLMs tend to write shorter proofs, which is a potential challenge for lengthier proof procedures that require long-term planning.

Citation

The dataset, motivations and additional results are available here

@article{
yousefzadeh2025a,
title={A Lean Dataset for International Math Olympiad: Small Steps towards Writing Math Proofs for Hard Problems},
author={Roozbeh Yousefzadeh and Xuenan Cao and Azim Ospanov},
journal={Transactions on Machine Learning Research},
year={2025},
url={https://openreview.net/forum?id=CrKMqRAhBo}
}

Versioning

The Lemmas Dataset is explicitly written for the latest available Lean4 version at the moment - v4.17.0. Any subsequent release can impact the released lemmas and some proofs might need future revision.

Formalised IMO Problems Statistics

#YearProblemTopicin miniF2FLean proof publicly available# of lemmas# of lines of Lean4 proof
11959p1number theoryYesYes49
21960p2algebraYesYes940
31962p2algebraYesNo1460
41964p2algebraYesYes950
51965p2algebraYesNo73210
61983p6algebraYesNo53180
71984p6number theoryYesNo64380
81985p6number theoryYesNo4271,310
91992p1number theoryYesNo91480
101997p5number theoryYesNo122390
112022p2algebraNoNo61260
122022p5number theoryNoNo265640
132023p4number theoryNoNo137450
total1,3294,459

Additional Analysis of o3-mini Generated Proofs

\#Problem\# of lemmasCorrect proof in NLCorrect proof in LeanMatch between NL and Lean
11959-p14100\%50.0\%100\%
21960-p2955.6\%11.1\%100\%
31962-p21492.9\%42.9\%100\%
41964-p2977.8\%33.3\%100\%
51965-p27397.3\%16.4\%100\%
61983-p65364.2\%34.0\%100\%
71984-p66473.4\%20.3\%100\%
81985-p642775.2\%19.7\%95.6\%
91992-p19187.6\%27.5\%100\%
101997-p512269.7\%24.6\%100\%
112022-p26177.0\%41.0\%100\%
122022-p526563.4\%22.6\%92.8\%
132023-p413788.3\%27.0\%92.7\%
total1,32975.5\%23.8\%96.4\%