Datasetpublic

overthelex/cz-court-decisions

Czech Court Decisions The largest open dataset of Czech court decisions: 871,171 decisions with full texts across all court levels. What Makes This Dataset Unique Source This dataset Best on HF (Multi_Legal_Pile) Difference Lower courts (district, regional, high) 539,622 0 +540K unique Supreme Court 111,977 111,977 (CzCDC in MLP) same Supreme Administrative Court 52,660 52,660 (CzCDC in MLP) same Constitutional Court 166,912 73,086 (CzCDC in MLP)… See the full description on the dataset page: https://huggingface.co/datasets/overthelex/cz-court-decisions.

sourceHugging Facecc-by-nc-sa-4.0updated 4mo agoView on Hugging Face

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Czech Court Decisions

The largest open dataset of Czech court decisions: 871,171 decisions with full texts across all court levels.

What Makes This Dataset Unique

Source	This dataset	Best on HF (Multi_Legal_Pile)	Difference
Lower courts (district, regional, high)	539,622	0	+540K unique
Supreme Court	111,977	111,977 (CzCDC in MLP)	same
Supreme Administrative Court	52,660	52,660 (CzCDC in MLP)	same
Constitutional Court	166,912	73,086 (CzCDC in MLP)	+94K
Total	871,171	296,652	+574K (+194%)

Key differentiator: rozhodnuti.justice.cz

The 540K lower court decisions from the Czech Ministry of Justice API are absent from all existing HuggingFace datasets.

Configs and Licensing

Config	Records	Courts	License
`justice` (default)	539,622	District, regional, high courts (2020-2026)	CC BY 4.0 (commercial OK)
`czcdc`	331,549	Supreme + Supreme Administrative + Constitutional (1993-2023)	CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 (non-commercial)

Loading the Data

python

from datasets import load_dataset

# Lower courts (CC BY 4.0 -- commercial OK)
justice = load_dataset("overthelex/cz-court-decisions", "justice", split="train")

# Apex courts (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)
czcdc = load_dataset("overthelex/cz-court-decisions", "czcdc", split="train")

Sources

`justice` config (CC BY 4.0):

Source	Records	Court Types	Period
rozhodnuti.justice.cz	539,622	District, regional, high courts	2020-2026

`czcdc` config (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0):

Source	Records	Court Types	Period
CzCDC 1.0	237,723	Supreme, Supreme Administrative, Constitutional	1993-2018
Paulik/Zenodo	93,826	Constitutional Court	1993-2023

Schema

Field	Type	Description
`id`	string	Unique record identifier
`ecli`	string	ECLI:CZ:... identifier
`source`	string	`justice.cz`, `czcdc`, `paulik-zenodo`
`court_name`	string	Court name
`case_number`	string	Docket / case number
`decision_type`	string	Type of decision
`decision_date`	string	YYYY-MM-DD
`judge`	string	Judge / rapporteur
`subject`	string	Subject matter
`keywords`	list[string]	Keywords
`cited_provisions`	list[string]	Cited legal provisions
`full_text`	string	Full decision text

Data Quality

—0 duplicates (sources cover non-overlapping court levels)
—CzCDC and Paulik cover different time periods for Constitutional Court

Paper

This dataset is introduced in:

Multi-Legal-Bench: Evaluating LLMs on Legal Reasoning Across Jurisdictions, Languages, and Legal Traditions Volodymyr Ovcharov (2026). arXiv:2605.29738 [cs.CL]

Citation

bibtex

@article{ovcharov2026multilegalbench,
  title={Multi-Legal-Bench: Evaluating LLMs on Legal Reasoning Across Jurisdictions, Languages, and Legal Traditions},
  author={Ovcharov, Volodymyr},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2605.29738},
  year={2026},
  url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.29738}
}