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miadinside/combustion-air-and-confined-space-benchmark-2026

Confined Space Combustion Air & Louver Sizing Benchmark Matrix (2026) Benchmark Series — HVACLogic Open Building Science InitiativeAuthor: Miad SaadidiAffiliation: HVACLogic Engineering & Building Science Working GroupCanonical Engine: https://hvaclogic.org/calculators/combustion-air-calculatorMethodology Documentation: https://hvaclogic.org/methodologyCompanion Figshare DOI: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.33753856Governing Standards: NFPA 54 / ANSI Z223.1 & IFGC Chapter 3… See the full description on the dataset page: https://huggingface.co/datasets/miadinside/combustion-air-and-confined-space-benchmark-2026.

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Confined Space Combustion Air & Louver Sizing Benchmark Matrix (2026)

Benchmark Series — HVACLogic Open Building Science Initiative Author: Miad Saadidi Affiliation: HVACLogic Engineering & Building Science Working Group Canonical Engine: https://hvaclogic.org/calculators/combustion-air-calculator Methodology Documentation: https://hvaclogic.org/methodology Companion Figshare DOI: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.33753856 Governing Standards: NFPA 54 / ANSI Z223.1 & IFGC Chapter 3 (Section 304)

1. Physical Scope & Engineering Overview

In modern airtight residential envelopes (ACH50 <= 3.0), atmospheric gas appliances rapidly deplete indoor oxygen, creating dangerous negative pressures and carbon monoxide backdraft risks. This benchmark matrix provides 540 deterministic test vectors across appliance inputs (25k to 250k BTU/hr), room volumes, and required net/gross opening dimensions.

2. Benchmark Simulation Matrix (Sample Vectors)

Vector ID	Total Input (BTU/hr)	Room Dimensions (L x W x H)	Room Vol (cu ft)	Required Vol (cu ft)	Confined Space?	Deficit (cu ft)	Louver Type	Indoor 2-Op Gross (sq in)	Outdoor Vert Gross (sq in)	Outdoor Horiz Gross (sq in)	Single Op Gross (sq in)
`CA-VEC-0001`	25,000	6' x 6' x 8'	288	1,250	TRUE	962	Metal (75%)	133	13	17	11
`CA-VEC-0002`	25,000	6' x 6' x 8'	288	1,250	TRUE	962	Wood (25%)	400	40	52	32
`CA-VEC-0003`	25,000	6' x 6' x 8'	288	1,250	TRUE	962	Screen (100%)	100	10	13	8
`CA-VEC-0050`	60,000	8' x 10' x 8'	640	3,000	TRUE	2,360	Metal (75%)	133	20	40	27
`CA-VEC-0120`	100,000	10' x 12' x 8'	960	5,000	TRUE	4,040	Metal (75%)	133	33	67	44
`CA-VEC-0250`	150,000	12' x 15' x 8'	1,440	7,500	TRUE	6,060	Metal (75%)	200	50	100	67
`CA-VEC-0400`	200,000	15' x 20' x 8'	2,400	10,000	TRUE	7,600	Metal (75%)	267	67	133	89
`CA-VEC-0540`	250,000	20' x 20' x 8'	3,200	12,500	TRUE	9,300	Wood (25%)	1,000	252	500	332

3. Governing Formulations

3.1 Unconfined Space Volume (NFPA 54 / IFGC 304.5.1)

V_req = (Total Input BTU/hr / 1,000) * 50 cu ft

3.2 Engineered Opening Free Area

—Indoor Communication (2 Openings): 1 sq in per 1,000 BTU/hr (min 100 sq in each)
—Outdoor Vertical Ducts (2 Openings): 1 sq in per 4,000 BTU/hr
—Outdoor Horizontal Ducts (2 Openings): 1 sq in per 2,000 BTU/hr
—Single Direct Outdoor Opening: 1 sq in per 3,000 BTU/hr

3.3 Free Area Multipliers

—Metal Louvers: 1.333x (75% free area)
—Wood Louvers: 4.000x (25% free area)
—Direct Wire Screen: 1.000x (100% free area)

4. Verification & Computational Reference

All calculations run client-side in pure TypeScript: https://hvaclogic.org/calculators/combustion-air-calculator