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juliensimon/ucs-satellite-database

UCS Satellite Database Credit: NASA Part of a dataset collection on Hugging Face. Dataset description The Union of Concerned Scientists (UCS) Satellite Database is the most comprehensive publicly available database of operational satellites. Updated roughly quarterly, it includes detailed information about each operational satellite: its name, country of registry, operator, purpose, orbital parameters, launch details, and physical characteristics. What… See the full description on the dataset page: https://huggingface.co/datasets/juliensimon/ucs-satellite-database.

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Dataset Card

UCS Satellite Database

<div align="center"> <img src="banner.jpg" alt="An orbital sunrise illuminates the Earth's atmosphere, seen from the ISS" width="400"> <p><em>Credit: NASA</em></p> </div>

Part of a [dataset collection](https://huggingface.co/collections/juliensimon/orbital-mechanics-datasets-69c24caca4ab3934c9856994) on Hugging Face.

Dataset description

The Union of Concerned Scientists (UCS) Satellite Database is the most comprehensive publicly available database of operational satellites. Updated roughly quarterly, it includes detailed information about each operational satellite: its name, country of registry, operator, purpose, orbital parameters, launch details, and physical characteristics.

What makes the UCS database uniquely valuable is its focus on the "why" behind each satellite, not just the "where." While NORAD's SATCAT tracks orbital parameters and the TLE catalog provides ephemeris data, the UCS database adds the human layer: who operates each satellite, what it does, who pays for it, and what sector it serves. This makes it the go-to source for policy researchers studying the militarization of space, economists analyzing the satellite communications market, and journalists reporting on the growing commercial space industry.

The database captures the full diversity of the operational satellite population across all orbit regimes. LEO satellites include Earth observation platforms, broadband mega-constellations, and scientific missions. MEO hosts navigation constellations like GPS and Galileo. GEO satellites serve as communications relays, weather sentinels, and early warning platforms. Physical parameters such as launch mass, dry mass, and power output help characterize satellite capability classes, from 1-kg CubeSats to 6,000-kg GEO communications platforms.

This dataset is suitable for tabular classification tasks.

Schema

ColumnTypeDescriptionSampleNull %
satellite_namestrOfficial satellite name as registered with UNOOSA (e.g. 'STARLINK-1234', 'GPS IIF-10', 'Sentinel-2A')1HOPSAT-TD (1st-generation High Optic...0.0%
official_namestringCurrent official name of the satellite if different from registered name; null for most entries1HOPSAT-TD0.0%
country_registrystrCountry or organization that registered the satellite with the UN; may differ from operator's nationalityNR0.0%
operator_countrystrCountry where the satellite operator/owner is headquarteredUSA0.0%
operatorstrOrganization operating or owning the satellite (e.g. 'SpaceX', 'NASA', 'ESA', 'Intelsat')Hera Systems0.0%
usersstrPrimary user category: 'Civil', 'Commercial', 'Government', or 'Military'; occasionally multi-value slash-separatedCommercial0.0%
purposestrPrimary mission purpose (e.g. 'Communications', 'Earth Observation', 'Navigation', 'Technology Development', 'Space Science')Earth Observation0.0%
detailed_purposestrExpanded purpose description from the UCS spreadsheet (e.g. 'Communications/Maritime tracking', 'Earth Observation/SAR'); null for entries without a sub-classificationInfrared Imaging83.4%
orbit_classstrOrbital regime: 'LEO' (altitude <2,000 km), 'MEO' (2,000-35,786 km), 'GEO' (~35,786 km geostationary), 'Elliptical' (highly elliptical/Molniya orbits)LEO0.0%
orbit_typestrMore specific orbit description (e.g. 'Sun-synchronous', 'Polar', 'Inclined geosynchronous'); null if not classifiedNon-Polar Inclined8.6%
geo_longitudefloat64Assigned geostationary longitude in degrees for GEO satellites; null for non-GEO orbits0.00.0%
perigee_kmfloat64Closest orbital altitude above Earth's surface in km; null for GEO satellites (listed as circular) or missing TLE data566.00.1%
apogee_kmfloat64Farthest orbital altitude above Earth's surface in km; null for GEO satellites or missing TLE data; equals perigee for circular orbits576.00.1%
eccentricityfloat64Orbital eccentricity (0 = circular, approaching 1 = highly elliptical); typically <0.01 for LEO/GEO, higher for Molniya orbits0.001510.1%
inclination_degfloat64Orbital inclination in degrees relative to the equatorial plane; range 0 deg (equatorial) to 98 deg (sun-synchronous); null if not available36.90.1%
period_minutesfloat64Orbital period in minutes; ~90 min for LEO (400 km), ~1,436 min for GEO; null if not available96.080.7%
launch_mass_kgfloat64Satellite mass at launch in kilograms; null for most entries (UCS coverage is incomplete)22.03.2%
dry_mass_kgfloat64Satellite mass without fuel in kilograms; null for most entries4.089.9%
power_wattsfloat64Electrical power generation capacity in watts; null for most entries4.592.6%
launch_datestringDate of launch as provided by UCS; format varies between releases2019-12-11 00:00:000.0%
expected_lifetime_yearsfloat64Designed operational lifetime in years; null for most entries0.527.9%
contractorstrPrimary spacecraft manufacturer or contractor; null for many entriesHera Systems0.0%
contractor_countrystrCountry where the contractor is headquarteredUSA0.0%
launch_sitestrName of the launch site (e.g. 'Cape Canaveral', 'Baikonur Cosmodrome', 'Jiuquan')Satish Dhawan Space Centre0.0%
launch_vehiclestrLaunch vehicle used (e.g. 'Falcon 9', 'Atlas V', 'Soyuz-2.1b')PSLV0.0%
cospar_idstrCOSPAR/NSSDC international designator (e.g. '2019-074A'); format YYYY-NNNL; null if not assigned2019-089H0.0%
norad_idint64NORAD Space Surveillance Network catalog number; unique per object; float due to pandas NA handling; join key with TLE/SATCAT datasets448590.0%
commentsstrFree-text notes from UCS analysts about the satellite's mission, status, or special characteristicsPathfinder for planned earth observat...72.4%
source_refsstrBibliographic references used by UCS to compile the entry; useful for provenance trackingJMSatcat/3_2012.2%

Quick stats

  • 7,560 active satellites
  • 69 countries/organizations
  • 31 purpose categories
  • 668 distinct operators
  • Orbit classes: LEO (6,767), GEO (590), MEO (143), Elliptical (59), LEo (1)

Usage

python
from datasets import load_dataset

ds = load_dataset("juliensimon/ucs-satellite-database", split="train")
df = ds.to_pandas()
python
from datasets import load_dataset

ds = load_dataset("juliensimon/ucs-satellite-database", split="train")
df = ds.to_pandas()

# Satellites by orbit class
print(df["orbit_class"].value_counts())

# Communications satellites
comms = df[df["purpose"].str.contains("Communications", na=False)]
print(f"{len(comms):,} communications satellites")

# Satellites by country
by_country = df["country_registry"].value_counts().head(10)
print(by_country)

# Orbit class distribution with matplotlib
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
df["orbit_class"].value_counts().plot.bar()
plt.ylabel("Count")
plt.title("Satellites by Orbit Class")
plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()

Data source

https://www.ucsusa.org/resources/satellite-database

Update schedule

Quarterly (1st of the month at 06:00 UTC) via GitHub Actions.

Related datasets

If you find this dataset useful, please consider giving it a like on Hugging Face. It helps others discover it.

About the author

Created by Julien Simon — AI Operating Partner at Fortino Capital. Part of the Space Datasets collection.

Citation

bibtex
@dataset{ucs_satellite_database,
  title = {UCS Satellite Database},
  author = {Simon, Julien},
  year = {2026},
  url = {https://huggingface.co/datasets/juliensimon/ucs-satellite-database},
  publisher = {Hugging Face},
  note = {Derived from Union of Concerned Scientists, https://www.ucsusa.org/resources/satellite-database}
}

License

CC-BY-4.0