juliensimon/tess-toi-candidates
TESS Objects of Interest (TOI) Planet Candidates Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech Part of a dataset collection on Hugging Face. Dataset description Planet candidates identified by NASA's Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS), from the NASA Exoplanet Archive TOI catalog. Updated weekly. TESS is a NASA space telescope launched in 2018 that surveys the entire sky for transiting exoplanets. When a star shows periodic brightness dips consistent with a planet… See the full description on the dataset page: https://huggingface.co/datasets/juliensimon/tess-toi-candidates.
TESS Objects of Interest (TOI) Planet Candidates
<div align="center"> <img src="banner.jpg" alt="Artist concept of the surface of TRAPPIST-1f exoplanet" width="400"> <p><em>Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech</em></p> </div>
Part of a [dataset collection](https://huggingface.co/collections/juliensimon/astronomy-datasets-69c24caf2f17e36128946743) on Hugging Face.
Dataset description
Planet candidates identified by NASA's Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS), from the NASA Exoplanet Archive TOI catalog. Updated weekly.
TESS is a NASA space telescope launched in 2018 that surveys the entire sky for transiting exoplanets. When a star shows periodic brightness dips consistent with a planet crossing in front of it, it is flagged as a TESS Object of Interest (TOI). Each TOI undergoes follow-up observations to determine whether it is a genuine planet, a false positive (e.g., eclipsing binary), or remains an active candidate.
TESS represents a fundamentally different survey strategy from its predecessor Kepler. While Kepler stared at a single patch of sky for four years to find small planets around faint stars, TESS surveys nearly the entire sky in 27-day sectors, optimized for finding planets around the nearest and brightest stars. This design choice means TESS planets are far more amenable to ground-based follow-up: radial velocity mass measurements, atmospheric characterization with JWST, and even direct imaging with next-generation telescopes. The TOI catalog is the primary pipeline output that feeds this follow-up ecosystem.
Each TOI entry carries a disposition assigned by the TESS Follow-up Observing Program Working Group (TFOPWG): CP for confirmed planets that have passed rigorous vetting, FP for false positives ruled out by follow-up observations (commonly background eclipsing binaries or stellar variability), KP for known planets independently discovered, and PC for active planet candidates still awaiting confirmation.
This dataset is suitable for tabular classification tasks.
Schema
Quick stats
- 8,148 TOI entries
- 818 confirmed planets (CP)
- 1,301 false positives (FP)
- 7,627 with radius estimates
Usage
from datasets import load_dataset
ds = load_dataset("juliensimon/tess-toi-candidates", split="train")
df = ds.to_pandas()from datasets import load_dataset
ds = load_dataset("juliensimon/tess-toi-candidates", split="train")
df = ds.to_pandas()
# Confirmed planets
confirmed = df[df["disposition"] == "CP"]
print(f"{len(confirmed):,} confirmed planets")
# Small rocky planets (< 2 Earth radii)
rocky = df[df["radius_earth"] < 2.0].dropna(subset=["radius_earth"])
print(f"{len(rocky):,} candidates with radius < 2 Earth radii")
# Period distribution
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
valid = df.dropna(subset=["period_days"])
plt.hist(valid["period_days"], bins=100, range=(0, 50))
plt.xlabel("Orbital period (days)")
plt.ylabel("Count")
plt.title("TESS TOI Period Distribution")
plt.show()Data source
https://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/
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About the author
Created by Julien Simon — AI Operating Partner at Fortino Capital. Part of the Space Datasets collection.
Citation
@dataset{tess_toi_candidates,
title = {TESS Objects of Interest (TOI) Planet Candidates},
author = {Simon, Julien},
year = {2026},
url = {https://huggingface.co/datasets/juliensimon/tess-toi-candidates},
note = {Derived from NASA Exoplanet Archive, IPAC/Caltech, https://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/},
publisher = {Hugging Face}
}