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juliensimon/pulsar-catalog

ATNF Pulsar Catalogue Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech Part of a dataset collection on Hugging Face. Dataset description Complete catalog of known radio pulsars from the ATNF Pulsar Catalogue, including spin parameters, dispersion measures, flux densities, and derived quantities. Pulsars are rapidly rotating neutron stars that emit beams of electromagnetic radiation. The ATNF Pulsar Catalogue (Manchester et al. 2005) is the definitive reference catalog… See the full description on the dataset page: https://huggingface.co/datasets/juliensimon/pulsar-catalog.

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Dataset Card

ATNF Pulsar Catalogue

<div align="center"> <img src="banner.jpg" alt="Pulsar artist concept showing a rapidly spinning neutron star" width="400"> <p><em>Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech</em></p> </div>

Part of a [dataset collection](https://huggingface.co/collections/juliensimon/astronomy-datasets-69c24caf2f17e36128946743) on Hugging Face.

Dataset description

Complete catalog of known radio pulsars from the ATNF Pulsar Catalogue, including spin parameters, dispersion measures, flux densities, and derived quantities.

Pulsars are rapidly rotating neutron stars that emit beams of electromagnetic radiation. The ATNF Pulsar Catalogue (Manchester et al. 2005) is the definitive reference catalog, maintained by CSIRO. It includes spin period, period derivative, dispersion measure, flux density, distance estimates, and derived quantities such as characteristic age, surface magnetic field, and spin-down luminosity.

Millisecond pulsars (period < 30 ms) are ancient pulsars spun up by accretion from a companion star. They are among the most precise clocks in the universe and are used for pulsar timing arrays to detect gravitational waves.

The physics encoded in this catalog is remarkably rich. The spin period P and its time derivative P-dot together constrain the pulsar's magnetic field strength (B ~ 3.2e19 sqrt(P * P-dot) Gauss), characteristic age (tau ~ P / 2P-dot), and spin-down luminosity. Plotting P vs. P-dot produces the famous pulsar "island diagram," revealing distinct populations: normal pulsars clustered around P ~ 0.5 s with B ~ 10^12 G, millisecond pulsars in the lower-left corner with B ~ 10^8-9 G and ages exceeding the Hubble time, and magnetars in the upper-right with B > 10^14 G.

This dataset is suitable for tabular classification tasks.

Schema

ColumnTypeDescriptionSampleNull %
namestrPrimary pulsar designation in the J2000 naming convention (e.g. 'J0437-4715'); encodes approximate right ascension (HHMM) and declination (+-DDMM)PSR J0002+62160.0%
alt_namestrAlternative B1950 designation (e.g. 'B0833-45' for Vela); many historically important pulsars are better known by their B-names; null for recently discovered pulsarsPSR B0011+4788.0%
rafloat64Right ascension in decimal degrees (ICRS J2000.0)0.7423750.0%
decfloat64Declination in decimal degrees (ICRS J2000.0)62.269277780.0%
periodfloat64Barycentric spin period in seconds, corrected for Earth's orbital motion; normal pulsars: 0.1-5 s, millisecond pulsars: <0.03 s (fastest known: ~1.4 ms); the most precisely measured quantity for each pulsar0.1153635682681.4%
period_dotfloat64First time derivative of the spin period (dimensionless, s/s); positive values indicate spin-down (energy loss); normal pulsars: ~10^-15, millisecond pulsars: ~10^-20, magnetars: ~10^-11; null if timing baseline is too short5.96703e-1533.3%
dmfloat64Dispersion measure in pc/cm^3 -- the integrated column density of free electrons along the line of sight; used with Galactic electron density models (NE2001, YMW16) to estimate distance; higher DM implies greater distance or denser intervening medium218.62.7%
flux_1400_mhzfloat64Mean radio flux density at 1400 MHz in milliJansky (mJy); most pulsars: 0.1-10 mJy; null for pulsars not detected at this frequency or measured only at other frequencies0.02230.8%
dm_distancefloat64Distance estimate in kiloparsecs derived from the dispersion measure using a Galactic free-electron density model; typical uncertainty ~20-30%; null if DM is unmeasured6.3572.7%
b_surffloat64Estimated surface dipole magnetic field strength in Gauss, derived as B = 3.2e19 sqrt(P*Pdot); magnetars: 10^14-10^15 G, normal pulsars: 10^12-10^13 G, millisecond pulsars (recycled): 10^8-10^9 G; null if period_dot is unavailable840000000000.035.0%
e_dotfloat64Spin-down luminosity (rotational energy loss rate) in erg/s, defined as Edot = -4pi^2IPdot/P^3 where I ~ 10^45 g cm^2 is the moment of inertia; ranges from ~10^30 to ~10^38 erg/s; the Crab pulsar has Edot ~ 5e38 erg/s1.5e+3535.0%
pulsar_typestrPhysical classification: 'PSR' (radio pulsar), 'SGR' (soft gamma repeater / magnetar), 'AXP' (anomalous X-ray pulsar / magnetar), 'XINS' (X-ray isolated neutron star), 'RRAT' (rotating radio transient emitting sporadic bursts); null for unclassified sourcesHE0.0%
pm_totfloat64Total proper motion in mas/yr (milliarcseconds per year), combining RA and Dec components; pulsars have high space velocities (median ~200 km/s) due to natal supernova kicks; null if astrometric solution is unavailable35.383.9%
discovery_dateint64Year of discovery publication; ranges from 1967 (first pulsar, CP 1919) to present20170.0%
assoc_objectstrAstrophysical associations such as supernova remnant (SNR), globular cluster name, or X-ray source; important for age and formation history; null for isolated field pulsars with no known associationGRS:4FGL_J0002.8+6217[aab+22],XRS:1XS...84.4%
binary_modelstrOrbital dynamics model used to fit the binary system (e.g. 'BT' for Blandford-Teukolsky, 'DD' for Damour-Deruelle, 'ELL1' for near-circular orbits); null for isolated (non-binary) pulsarsELL188.6%
is_millisecondobjectDerived flag: True if period < 30 ms, indicating a recycled pulsar spun up by accretion from a companion; millisecond pulsars are among the most stable clocks in the universe and anchor pulsar timing arraysFalse1.4%
agefloat64Characteristic spin-down age in years, defined as tau = P / (2Pdot); an upper limit on true age since it assumes the pulsar was born spinning infinitely fast; normal pulsars: 10^4-10^8 yr, millisecond pulsars: often exceed the Hubble time306320.8063153786435.0%
is_binaryboolDerived flag: True if binary_model is non-null, indicating the pulsar has a detected orbital companionFalse0.0%

Quick stats

  • 4,393 pulsars
  • 817 millisecond pulsars (period < 30 ms)
  • 499 binary pulsars
  • Median period: 0.4901 s
  • Median DM: 146.7 pc/cm^3

Usage

python
from datasets import load_dataset

ds = load_dataset("juliensimon/pulsar-catalog", split="train")
df = ds.to_pandas()
python
from datasets import load_dataset

ds = load_dataset("juliensimon/pulsar-catalog", split="train")
df = ds.to_pandas()

# Millisecond pulsars
msp = df[df["is_millisecond"] == True]
print(f"{len(msp):,} millisecond pulsars")

# Binary pulsars
binaries = df[df["is_binary"] == True]
print(f"{len(binaries):,} in binary systems")

# Period-period derivative diagram (P-Pdot)
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
valid = df.dropna(subset=["period", "period_dot"])
valid = valid[valid["period_dot"] > 0]
plt.scatter(valid["period"], valid["period_dot"], s=1, alpha=0.5)
plt.xscale("log"); plt.yscale("log")
plt.xlabel("Period (s)")
plt.ylabel("Period derivative (s/s)")
plt.title("P-Pdot Diagram")
plt.show()

Data source

https://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/W3Browse/all/atnfpulsar.html

Related datasets

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About the author

Created by Julien Simon — AI Operating Partner at Fortino Capital. Part of the Space Datasets collection.

Citation

bibtex
@dataset{pulsar_catalog,
  title = {ATNF Pulsar Catalogue},
  author = {Simon, Julien},
  year = {2026},
  url = {https://huggingface.co/datasets/juliensimon/pulsar-catalog},
  publisher = {Hugging Face},
  note = {Derived from NASA HEASARC (High Energy Astrophysics Science Archive Research Center), https://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/W3Browse/all/atnfpulsar.html}
}

License

CC-BY-4.0