juliensimon/omni-solar-wind-parameters
OMNI Hourly Solar Wind Parameters Credit: NASA Part of a dataset collection on Hugging Face. Dataset description Merged hourly near-Earth solar wind magnetic field, plasma, energetic particle parameters combined with geomagnetic and solar activity indices from NASA's OMNI dataset. The master bridge dataset for space weather analysis -- it time-aligns IMF, solar wind, and geomagnetic response in a single file. The OMNI dataset from NASA's Goddard Space… See the full description on the dataset page: https://huggingface.co/datasets/juliensimon/omni-solar-wind-parameters.
OMNI Hourly Solar Wind Parameters
<div align="center"> <img src="banner.jpg" alt="Aurora borealis blankets the Earth, seen from the ISS" width="400"> <p><em>Credit: NASA</em></p> </div>
Part of a [dataset collection](https://huggingface.co/collections/juliensimon/space-weather-datasets-69c24cae98f1666f2101ca70) on Hugging Face.
Dataset description
Merged hourly near-Earth solar wind magnetic field, plasma, energetic particle parameters combined with geomagnetic and solar activity indices from NASA's OMNI dataset. The master bridge dataset for space weather analysis -- it time-aligns IMF, solar wind, and geomagnetic response in a single file.
The OMNI dataset from NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center merges solar wind observations from multiple spacecraft (IMP 8, ACE, Wind, DSCOVR, and others) into a single consistent hourly time series at Earth's bow shock nose. It combines interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) components, solar wind plasma parameters, energetic particle fluxes, and geomagnetic activity indices. Key parameter groups include IMF (field magnitude, Bx/By/Bz in GSE and GSM), solar wind plasma (proton density, temperature, bulk flow speed), derived quantities (flow pressure, plasma beta, electric field, Alfven and magnetosonic Mach numbers), geomagnetic indices (Kp, Dst, AE, AL, AU, ap, PC(N)), solar indices (F10.7, sunspot number), and energetic particles (proton fluxes at >1 to >60 MeV).
A key feature of the OMNI processing is the time-shifting of upstream spacecraft data to the Earth's bow shock nose. Observations from monitors at the L1 Lagrange point (ACE, Wind, DSCOVR -- roughly 1.5 million km upstream) are propagated to the bow shock using the measured solar wind speed, ensuring temporal alignment with the geomagnetic indices they drive.
The derived quantities encode important plasma physics. Plasma beta distinguishes magnetically dominated structures such as magnetic clouds (beta << 1) from the ambient solar wind (beta ~ 1). The Alfven Mach number characterizes how supersonic the flow is relative to the Alfven wave speed. The convective electric field (-V x B) quantifies magnetic flux transport toward the magnetopause and is a key input to empirical geomagnetic activity models.
This dataset is suitable for tabular regression, time-series forecasting tasks.
Schema
Quick stats
- 561,024 hourly records (1963-01-01 to 2026-12-31)
- 48 parameters spanning IMF, solar wind, geomagnetic indices, and energetic particles
- Bz coverage: 77.4%, flow speed: 76.6%, Dst: 99.5%
- Standard reference dataset for solar wind-magnetosphere coupling studies
Usage
from datasets import load_dataset
ds = load_dataset("juliensimon/omni-solar-wind-parameters", split="train")
df = ds.to_pandas()from datasets import load_dataset
ds = load_dataset("juliensimon/omni-solar-wind-parameters", split="train")
df = ds.to_pandas()
# Southward IMF (Bz < 0) and geomagnetic storms (Dst < -50)
storms = df[(df["bz_gsm_nt"] < -5) & (df["dst_index_nt"] < -50)]
print(f"Storm hours with strong southward IMF: {len(storms):,}")
# Solar wind speed distribution
print(df["flow_speed_kms"].describe())
# Plasma beta vs Alfven Mach number
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
sub = df[["plasma_beta", "alfven_mach_number"]].dropna()
plt.scatter(sub["plasma_beta"], sub["alfven_mach_number"], s=0.1, alpha=0.1)
plt.xlabel("Plasma Beta")
plt.ylabel("Alfven Mach Number")
plt.xscale("log")
plt.yscale("log")
plt.title("OMNI: Plasma Beta vs Alfven Mach Number")
plt.show()Data source
https://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/
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About the author
Created by Julien Simon — AI Operating Partner at Fortino Capital. Part of the Space Datasets collection.
Citation
@dataset{omni_solar_wind_parameters,
title = {OMNI Hourly Solar Wind Parameters},
author = {Simon, Julien},
year = {2026},
url = {https://huggingface.co/datasets/juliensimon/omni-solar-wind-parameters},
note = {Derived from NASA Space Physics Data Facility, OMNIWeb, https://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/},
publisher = {Hugging Face}
}