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juliensimon/nasa-exoplanets

NASA Exoplanet Archive Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech Part of a dataset collection on Hugging Face. Dataset description Confirmed exoplanets with orbital, stellar, and discovery parameters from the NASA Exoplanet Archive. The NASA Exoplanet Archive is the authoritative database of confirmed exoplanets, maintained by Caltech/IPAC under contract with NASA. Each entry represents a confirmed planet with its best-available physical and orbital parameters, host star… See the full description on the dataset page: https://huggingface.co/datasets/juliensimon/nasa-exoplanets.

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Dataset Card

NASA Exoplanet Archive

<div align="center"> <img src="banner.jpg" alt="Artist concept of the surface of TRAPPIST-1f exoplanet" width="400"> <p><em>Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech</em></p> </div>

Part of a [dataset collection](https://huggingface.co/collections/juliensimon/astronomy-datasets-69c24caf2f17e36128946743) on Hugging Face.

Dataset description

Confirmed exoplanets with orbital, stellar, and discovery parameters from the NASA Exoplanet Archive.

The NASA Exoplanet Archive is the authoritative database of confirmed exoplanets, maintained by Caltech/IPAC under contract with NASA. Each entry represents a confirmed planet with its best-available physical and orbital parameters, host star properties, and discovery information. This dataset uses the Planetary Systems (ps) table with default_flag=1 to select one row per planet with the default parameter set.

The discovery of exoplanets has transformed our understanding of planetary systems and the prevalence of worlds beyond our own. The first confirmed detection around a Sun-like star came in 1995 with 51 Pegasi b, a "hot Jupiter" whose unexpectedly close orbit challenged existing theories of planet formation. Since then, the transit method -- measuring the tiny dip in stellar brightness as a planet crosses its host star -- has become the dominant discovery technique, largely thanks to the Kepler and TESS space telescopes.

The dataset includes key physical parameters such as orbital period, planet radius and mass, equilibrium temperature, orbital eccentricity, and semi-major axis, alongside host star properties like effective temperature, radius, mass, and distance. These parameters are fundamental to characterizing planetary systems: radius and mass together constrain bulk composition (rocky vs. gaseous), equilibrium temperature indicates potential habitability, and eccentricity reveals dynamical history.

This data underpins a wide range of astrophysical research, from occurrence rate calculations (how common are Earth-like planets?) to atmospheric characterization target selection for JWST and future missions.

This dataset is suitable for tabular classification, tabular regression tasks.

Schema

ColumnTypeDescriptionSampleNull %
pl_namestrPlanet designation in the form 'Host b/c/d...' (e.g. 'Kepler-452 b'); alphabetical suffixes distinguish planets within the same systemDMPP-6 c0.0%
hostnamestrHost star identifier; multiple rows share the same hostname in multi-planet systemsDMPP-60.0%
discoverymethodstrDetection technique: 'Transit' (brightness dip), 'Radial Velocity' (Doppler shift), 'Direct Imaging', 'Microlensing', 'Astrometry', or 'Timing'; determines which physical parameters are measurableRadial Velocity0.0%
disc_yearInt64Calendar year of confirmed discovery; ranges from 1992 (pulsar planets) to present20260.0%
disc_facilitystrObservatory or mission that made the discovery (e.g. 'Kepler', 'TESS', 'La Silla Observatory')Multiple Observatories0.0%
pl_orbperfloat64Orbital period in days; hot Jupiters: 1-5 days, Earth analogs: ~365 days, outer giants: years; null for directly imaged planets without an orbit solution36.4415.7%
pl_radefloat64Planet radius in Earth radii; sub-Earths: <1, super-Earths: 1-1.5, mini-Neptunes: 1.5-4, Neptunes: 4-7, Jupiters: >7; null if no transit or imaging measurement available2.8271633725.4%
pl_bmassefloat64Best-available planet mass in Earth masses; actual mass if inclination is known, otherwise M sin(i) from radial velocity; rocky: <10, Neptune-class: 10-50, Jupiter: ~318; null for transit-only detections without RV follow-up13.4750.3%
pl_eqtfloat64Planet equilibrium temperature in Kelvin assuming zero albedo; Earth's T_eq ~ 255 K; habitable zone range ~ 200-300 K; null if stellar temperature or semi-major axis is unavailable424.072.4%
pl_orbsmaxfloat64Orbital semi-major axis in AU; sets stellar irradiation flux and equilibrium temperature; null for planets with only transit period and no stellar mass estimate0.220638.2%
pl_orbeccenfloat64Orbital eccentricity (0 = circular, <1 = elliptical); most short-period planets are tidally circularized (e ~ 0); null for planets discovered by transit alone without RV characterization0.3157.6%
st_tefffloat64Host star effective temperature in Kelvin; M dwarfs: 2500-4000 K, K dwarfs: 4000-5200 K, G dwarfs (Sun-like): 5200-6000 K, F dwarfs: 6000-7500 K5719.9812.0%
st_radfloat64Host star radius in solar radii; required to convert observed transit depth into absolute planet radius1.2713.1%
st_massfloat64Host star mass in solar masses; used with orbital period to compute semi-major axis via Kepler's third law1.07913.8%
sy_distfloat64System distance in parsecs from Earth; derived from Gaia parallax when available; needed to assess planet detectability and calculate absolute stellar luminosity54.63032.0%
sy_vmagfloat64Host star apparent V-band (optical) magnitude; brighter stars (lower values) are better targets for atmospheric characterization and RV follow-up7.715.0%
rafloat64Right ascension in decimal degrees (ICRS J2000.0); range 0-360120.38578270.0%
decfloat64Declination in decimal degrees (ICRS J2000.0); range -90 to +90-70.02342910.0%
rowupdatestrISO date of the most recent parameter update in the NASA Exoplanet Archive for this row2026-03-050.0%

Quick stats

  • 6,366 confirmed exoplanets
  • Most recent discovery: DMPP-6 c (2026)

By discovery method

MethodCount
Transit4,708
Radial Velocity1,200
Microlensing289
Imaging97
Transit Timing Variations29
Eclipse Timing Variations17
Orbital Brightness Modulation9
Pulsar Timing8

Recent discoveries by year

YearCount
2026277
2025245
2024260
2023323
2022367
2021564
2020234
2019194
2018308
2017152

Usage

python
from datasets import load_dataset

ds = load_dataset("juliensimon/nasa-exoplanets", split="train")
df = ds.to_pandas()
python
from datasets import load_dataset

ds = load_dataset("juliensimon/nasa-exoplanets", split="train")
df = ds.to_pandas()

# Earth-like candidates: rocky, in habitable zone
habitable = df[
    (df["pl_rade"] < 1.6) &
    (df["pl_eqt"] > 200) & (df["pl_eqt"] < 310)
]
print(f"{len(habitable)} potentially habitable planets")

# Transit vs radial velocity discoveries over time
transit = df[df["discoverymethod"] == "Transit"]
rv = df[df["discoverymethod"] == "Radial Velocity"]

# Planets by discovery facility
top_facilities = df["disc_facility"].value_counts().head(10)

Data source

https://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/

Related datasets

If you find this dataset useful, please consider giving it a like on Hugging Face. It helps others discover it.

About the author

Created by Julien Simon — AI Operating Partner at Fortino Capital. Part of the Space Datasets collection.

Citation

bibtex
@dataset{nasa_exoplanets,
  title = {NASA Exoplanet Archive},
  author = {Simon, Julien},
  year = {2026},
  url = {https://huggingface.co/datasets/juliensimon/nasa-exoplanets},
  note = {Derived from NASA Exoplanet Archive, IPAC/Caltech, https://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/},
  publisher = {Hugging Face}
}

License

CC-BY-4.0