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juliensimon/crdb-cosmic-ray-spectra

Cosmic Ray Database (CRDB) Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/STScI/CXC/SAO Part of a dataset collection on Hugging Face. Dataset description Complete cosmic ray spectral database from CRDB (Cosmic Ray DataBase) -- the reference database for cosmic ray physics, maintained by D. Maurin et al. at LPSC Grenoble. Cosmic rays are high-energy charged particles -- mostly protons and atomic nuclei, but also electrons and positrons -- that bombard the Earth from all… See the full description on the dataset page: https://huggingface.co/datasets/juliensimon/crdb-cosmic-ray-spectra.

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Dataset Card

Cosmic Ray Database (CRDB)

<div align="center"> <img src="banner.jpg" alt="Cassiopeia A supernova remnant in X-ray, optical, and infrared light" width="400"> <p><em>Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/STScI/CXC/SAO</em></p> </div>

Part of a [dataset collection](https://huggingface.co/collections/juliensimon/physics-datasets-69c2d4682d37dfdb77447bd7) on Hugging Face.

Dataset description

Complete cosmic ray spectral database from CRDB (Cosmic Ray DataBase) -- the reference database for cosmic ray physics, maintained by D. Maurin et al. at LPSC Grenoble.

Cosmic rays are high-energy charged particles -- mostly protons and atomic nuclei, but also electrons and positrons -- that bombard the Earth from all directions. Their energies span an astonishing range, from sub-GeV particles modulated by the solar wind to ultra-high-energy events exceeding 10^20 eV, far beyond what any terrestrial accelerator can produce.

CRDB aggregates measurements from an extraordinary variety of instruments: magnetic spectrometers on the International Space Station (AMS-02), balloon-borne calorimeters (CREAM, TRACER), satellite experiments (PAMELA, CALET, DAMPE), ground-based air shower arrays (KASCADE, Tibet AS-gamma), and Cherenkov telescopes. The database also includes secondary-to-primary ratios like boron-to-carbon (B/C), which are critical probes of cosmic ray propagation models and the diffusion coefficient of the interstellar medium.

This dataset is essential for constraining cosmic ray propagation models (e.g., GALPROP, DRAGON, USINE), testing dark matter annihilation signatures in positron and antiproton spectra, calibrating hadronic interaction models used in air shower simulations, and studying solar modulation effects.

This dataset is suitable for tabular regression tasks.

Schema

ColumnTypeDescriptionSampleNull %
experimentstringName of the cosmic ray experiment that produced the measurement (e.g. 'AMS-02', 'PAMELA', 'CREAM', 'CALET', 'DAMPE')ACE0.0%
experiment_typestrType of detection platform: 'ISS' (International Space Station), 'balloon', 'satellite', 'ground' (air shower array)space0.0%
sub_experimentstringSub-experiment, detector configuration, or analysis variant within the experiment; null if not applicableACE-CRIS (1997/08-1998/04)0.0%
energy_relative_errorfloat64Relative uncertainty on the energy measurement (fractional); reflects the energy resolution of the detector0.00.0%
distance_aufloat64Heliocentric distance of the measurement in AU; 1.0 for Earth-based, other values for interplanetary missions (Voyager, Pioneer)1.00.0%
observation_periodstrTime period of the observation as reported by the experiment; format varies by experiment1997/08/01-000000:1998/04/19-0000000.0%
ads_bibcodestringNASA ADS bibcode for the publication reporting this measurement2013ApJ...770..117L0.0%
particlestringMeasured particle or nucleus species: 'H' (proton), 'He', 'C', 'O', 'Fe', 'e-' (electron), 'e+' (positron), 'p-bar' (antiproton), or secondary-to-primary ratios like 'B/C'B0.0%
energy_typestrEnergy variable used for the measurement: 'EKN' = kinetic energy per nucleon, 'EK' = total kinetic energy, 'R' = rigidityEKN0.0%
energy_gev_nfloat64Kinetic energy per nucleon at the bin center in GeV/n; cosmic ray spectrum spans ~0.01 GeV/n to 10^11 GeV/n0.060.0%
energy_bin_lo_gev_nfloat64Lower edge of the kinetic energy bin in GeV/n0.060.0%
energy_bin_hi_gev_nfloat64Upper edge of the kinetic energy bin in GeV/n0.060.0%
fluxfloat64Differential flux in m^-2 s^-1 sr^-1 (GeV/n)^-1, or dimensionless ratio for secondary-to-primary quantities; decreases roughly as E^-3 power law1.0940.0%
stat_error_lofloat64Downward 1-sigma statistical uncertainty on the flux, in the same units as flux0.040.0%
stat_error_hifloat64Upward 1-sigma statistical uncertainty on the flux, in the same units as flux0.040.0%
sys_error_lofloat64Downward systematic uncertainty on the flux, in the same units as flux0.00.0%
sys_error_hifloat64Upward systematic uncertainty on the flux, in the same units as flux0.00.0%
is_upper_limitboolTrue if the flux value represents an upper limit rather than a detectionFalse0.0%
solar_modulation_mvfloat64Solar modulation potential in MV (force-field approximation); accounts for the Sun's magnetic field effect on low-energy cosmic rays; higher values mean stronger suppression551.30.0%

Quick stats

  • —315,409 cosmic ray flux measurements
  • —466 particle species
  • —130 experiments
  • —Energy range: 2.55e-04 to 3.20e+11 GeV/n

Usage

python
from datasets import load_dataset

ds = load_dataset("juliensimon/crdb-cosmic-ray-spectra", split="train")
df = ds.to_pandas()
python
from datasets import load_dataset

ds = load_dataset("juliensimon/crdb-cosmic-ray-spectra", split="train")
df = ds.to_pandas()

# Proton spectrum from AMS-02
ams02_p = df[(df["particle"] == "H") & (df["experiment"] == "AMS-02")]
print(f"{len(ams02_p):,} AMS-02 proton data points")

# All experiments for a given particle
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
protons = df[df["particle"] == "H"]
for exp, grp in protons.groupby("experiment"):
    plt.scatter(grp["energy_gev_n"], grp["flux"], s=1, label=exp, alpha=0.5)
plt.xscale("log"); plt.yscale("log")
plt.xlabel("Energy (GeV/n)"); plt.ylabel("Flux")
plt.title("Proton Cosmic Ray Spectrum")
plt.show()

Data source

https://lpsc.in2p3.fr/crdb/

Related datasets

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About the author

Created by Julien Simon — AI Operating Partner at Fortino Capital. Part of the Space Datasets collection.

Citation

bibtex
@dataset{crdb_cosmic_ray_spectra,
  title = {Cosmic Ray Database (CRDB)},
  author = {Simon, Julien},
  year = {2026},
  url = {https://huggingface.co/datasets/juliensimon/crdb-cosmic-ray-spectra},
  publisher = {Hugging Face},
  note = {Derived from Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie, Grenoble, https://lpsc.in2p3.fr/crdb/}
}

License

CC-BY-4.0