juliensimon/celestrak-space-weather
CelesTrak Consolidated Space Weather Credit: NASA Part of a dataset collection on Hugging Face. Dataset description CelesTrak consolidated space weather data -- THE file every orbit propagator needs. Daily Kp, Ap, F10.7, and solar/geomagnetic indices used by SGP4/SDP4 propagators, atmospheric models (JB2008, NRLMSISE), and conjunction screening. The CelesTrak space weather file, maintained by Dr. T.S. Kelso, is the de facto standard input file for… See the full description on the dataset page: https://huggingface.co/datasets/juliensimon/celestrak-space-weather.
CelesTrak Consolidated Space Weather
<div align="center"> <img src="banner.jpg" alt="Aurora borealis blankets the Earth, seen from the ISS" width="400"> <p><em>Credit: NASA</em></p> </div>
Part of a [dataset collection](https://huggingface.co/collections/juliensimon/space-weather-datasets-69c24cae98f1666f2101ca70) on Hugging Face.
Dataset description
CelesTrak consolidated space weather data -- THE file every orbit propagator needs. Daily Kp, Ap, F10.7, and solar/geomagnetic indices used by SGP4/SDP4 propagators, atmospheric models (JB2008, NRLMSISE), and conjunction screening.
The CelesTrak space weather file, maintained by Dr. T.S. Kelso, is the de facto standard input file for operational orbit determination and propagation in the space surveillance community. It consolidates data from multiple agencies -- NOAA SWPC for Kp/Ap indices and solar flux, GFZ Potsdam for definitive geomagnetic indices, and the NRC Herzberg Institute for F10.7 measurements -- into a single, consistently formatted daily time series. The file includes both historical observations and near-term predictions (typically 45 days ahead), using the same format conventions expected by legacy Fortran propagators and modern Python/C++ SGP4 implementations alike.
For orbit propagation, the key parameters are the daily and 3-hourly Ap indices (which drive geomagnetic heating in thermospheric density models) and the F10.7 solar radio flux with its 81-day running averages (which drive solar EUV heating). The NRLMSISE-00 model, for example, requires daily Ap, the 3-hourly Ap for the current and preceding 33 hours, daily F10.7, and the 81-day centered average F10.7bar. JB2008 uses additional solar indices (S10.7, M10.7, Y10.7) that are available in extended versions of this file. Errors in these space weather inputs propagate directly into drag coefficient estimates, making the quality and timeliness of this data critical for conjunction assessment and collision avoidance maneuvers.
The dataset spans the full modern era of satellite operations, with the historical record reaching back to 1957 (International Geophysical Year). This long baseline captures multiple complete solar cycles (cycles 19 through 25), enabling statistical studies of solar cycle variability and its impact on the orbital environment.
This dataset is suitable for tabular regression, time-series forecasting tasks.
Schema
Quick stats
- 25,421 daily records (1957-10-01 to 2041-10-01)
- 31 columns of solar and geomagnetic indices
- Mean F10.7 flux: 122.8 SFU
- Max daily Kp sum: 670 (scale 0-72)
Usage
from datasets import load_dataset
ds = load_dataset("juliensimon/celestrak-space-weather", split="train")
df = ds.to_pandas()from datasets import load_dataset
ds = load_dataset("juliensimon/celestrak-space-weather", split="train")
df = ds.to_pandas()
# Recent space weather
print(df.tail(10))
# Plot F10.7 solar flux over time
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(14, 4))
ax.plot(df["date"], df["f10_7_obs"], linewidth=0.5)
ax.set_xlabel("Date")
ax.set_ylabel("F10.7 (SFU)")
ax.set_title("Solar Radio Flux (F10.7)")
plt.show()Data source
https://celestrak.org/SpaceData/
Related datasets
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About the author
Created by Julien Simon — AI Operating Partner at Fortino Capital. Part of the Space Datasets collection.
Citation
@dataset{celestrak_space_weather,
title = {CelesTrak Consolidated Space Weather},
author = {Simon, Julien},
year = {2026},
url = {https://huggingface.co/datasets/juliensimon/celestrak-space-weather},
note = {Derived from CelesTrak, https://celestrak.org/SpaceData/},
publisher = {Hugging Face}
}