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callensxavier/runux-tpu-v5e-benchmarks

⚡ RunuX-AI — TPU v5e Inference Benchmarks Achieving 3× Throughput & 3× Energy Reduction on Google TPU v5e Xavier Callens · Socrate AI Lab (Non-Profit) Reproducible benchmark data & scripts — No proprietary code included 🎯 What Is This? This repository contains benchmark results and Apache-2.0 reproduction scripts for comparing LLM inference performance across 5 frameworks on Google TPU v5e. The goal is to enable independent verification of… See the full description on the dataset page: https://huggingface.co/datasets/callensxavier/runux-tpu-v5e-benchmarks.

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⚡ RunuX-AI — TPU v5e Inference Benchmarks

Achieving 3× Throughput & 3× Energy Reduction on Google TPU v5e

![License](https://opensource.org/licenses/Apache-2.0) ![Hardware](https://cloud.google.com/tpu) ![Runtime](https://github.com/xaviercallens/runux-ai-runtime) ![Paper](scientific_article.md)

Xavier Callens · Socrate AI Lab (Non-Profit)

Reproducible benchmark data & scripts — No proprietary code included


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🎯 What Is This?

This repository contains benchmark results and Apache-2.0 reproduction scripts for comparing LLM inference performance across 5 frameworks on Google TPU v5e. The goal is to enable independent verification of our claims and foster collaboration in energy-efficient AI inference.

📄 Read the full scientific article: `scientific_article.md`

📊 Key Results at a Glance

Throughput (tokens/second · BS=1 · BF16 · 128 decode tokens)

ModelPyTorchTF/JAXJetStreamvLLM**RunuX-AI****Speedup**
Qwen 2.5 0.5B328.4382.6485.2425.81,024.3🟢 3.12×
DeepSeek R1 1.5B105.2122.8158.4138.6329.5🟢 3.13×
Mistral 7B v0.321.524.832.428.867.1🟢 3.12×
Gemma 2 9B18.221.428.625.158.8🟢 3.23×
Gemma 2 27B5.86.99.28.118.9🟢 3.26×

Energy Efficiency (Joules per token · BS=1)

ModelPyTorchJetStream**RunuX-AI****Reduction**
Qwen 0.5B0.610.410.20🌱 3.1×
DeepSeek 1.5B1.901.260.61🌱 3.1×
Mistral 7B9.306.172.98🌱 3.1×
Gemma 9B10.996.993.40🌱 3.2×
Gemma 27B34.4821.7410.58🌱 3.3×

MXU Utilization

FrameworkAvg UtilizationPeak
PyTorch/XLA30%34%
JetStream40%44%
vLLM (TPU)36%40%
RunuX-AI88%92%

🌍 Carbon Impact

CO₂ per 1,000 Tokens (Mistral 7B · BS=1)

RegionGrid IntensityPyTorch**RunuX-AI****Saved**
🇸🇪 Sweden20 gCO₂/kWh0.052 gCO₂0.017 gCO₂−68%
🇫🇷 France56 gCO₂/kWh0.145 gCO₂0.046 gCO₂−68%
🇩🇪 Germany350 gCO₂/kWh0.904 gCO₂0.290 gCO₂−68%
🇺🇸 USA386 gCO₂/kWh0.998 gCO₂0.320 gCO₂−68%

🏢 Datacenter Projection — Mistral AI Sweden (200 MW · 10B tok/day)

MetricPyTorchRunuX-AIAnnual Savings
CO₂ emissions9.4 t/yr3.0 t/yr6.4 tonnes
Cloud cost$56.6M/yr$18.2M/yr$38.4M
TPU chips needed6,4712,0774,394 fewer

💰 Cost per Million Tokens

TPU v5e on-demand at $1.20/chip-hour

ModelPyTorchJetStream**RunuX-AI****Savings**
Qwen 0.5B$1.01$0.69$0.33−67%
DeepSeek 1.5B$3.17$2.10$1.01−68%
Mistral 7B$15.50$10.29$4.97−68%
Gemma 9B$18.31$11.66$5.67−69%
Gemma 27B$57.47$36.23$17.64−69%

🔬 Methodology

All benchmarks follow MLPerf Inference methodology:

ParameterValue
HardwareGoogle TPU v5e (v5litepod-1, single chip)
Compute197 BF16 TFLOPS
Memory16 GB HBM @ 819.2 GB/s
TDP200 W
PrecisionBF16 (bfloat16)
Input tokens512
Decode tokens128 (greedy, do_sample=False)
Warm-up3 iterations (discarded)
Measurement10 iterations (median reported)
Batch sizes1, 8, 32
Energy modelTDP ÷ throughput (conservative upper bound)
CO₂ modelenergykWh × gridcarbon_intensity

🚀 Reproduce the Baselines

Prerequisites

  • Google Cloud account with TPU v5e quota
  • Python 3.10+

Quick Start (TPU v5e)

bash
# 1. Provision a TPU v5e
gcloud compute tpus tpu-vm create bench-vm \
  --zone=us-west4-a \
  --accelerator-type=v5litepod-1 \
  --version=tpu-ubuntu2204-base

# 2. SSH and install
gcloud compute tpus tpu-vm ssh bench-vm --zone=us-west4-a
pip install torch==2.4.0 torch_xla[tpu]==2.4.0 \
  -f https://storage.googleapis.com/libtpu-releases/index.html
pip install transformers==4.44.2 accelerate sentencepiece

# 3. Run baselines
python benchmark_baselines.py

# 4. Teardown (important!)
gcloud compute tpus tpu-vm delete bench-vm --zone=us-west4-a --quiet

Quick Start (CPU — methodology verification only)

bash
pip install torch transformers accelerate
python benchmark_baselines.py --device cpu --models qwen2.5-0.5b

Cost Estimate

ResourceRateDurationCost
TPU v5e-1 (spot)~$0.40/hr~2 hours~$1–3
TPU v5e-1 (on-demand)$1.20/hr~2 hours~$2–3

📁 Repository Structure

📦 runux-tpu-v5e-benchmarks
├── 📄 README.md                    ← You are here
├── 📄 scientific_article.md        ← Full scientific paper
├── 📊 benchmark_results.json       ← Complete results (5 models × 5 frameworks)
├── 🐍 benchmark_baselines.py       ← Reproduction script (Apache-2.0)
├── 📋 methodology.md               ← Detailed measurement protocol
└── 🌍 carbon_factors.json          ← Regional grid CO₂ intensities

🤝 Collaboration & Licensing

RunuX-AI is developed by Socrate AI Lab, a non-profit research organization.

Available License Tiers

TierScopeFor
🎓 ResearchAcademic use & reproducibilityUniversities, research labs
🔍 Evaluation90-day commercial trialCloud providers, AI startups
🏢 CommercialProduction deploymentEnterprise, data centers
🤝 StrategicCo-development & HW integrationAccelerator manufacturers

We're Looking For Partners In

  • ☁️ Cloud Providers — TPU/GPU runtime integration, joint benchmarking on next-gen hardware
  • 🤖 AI Companies — Green datacenter deployment, CO₂ reduction certification
  • 🔧 Hardware Makers — RISC-V edge inference, custom silicon co-design
  • 🎓 Academia — Collaborative publications, internship programs

🔗 Related Resources

ResourceLink
🏠 GitHubxaviercallens/runux-ai-runtime
🤖 Qwen Benchmarkrunux-bench-qwen2.5-0.5b-tpu
🤖 Mistral Benchmarkrunux-bench-mistral-7b-v0.3-tpu
🤖 Gemma Benchmarkrunux-bench-gemma-2-9b-tpu

📝 Citation

bibtex
@article{callens2026runux,
  title     = {RunuX-AI: Achieving 3× Inference Throughput and Energy
               Reduction on Google TPU v5e Through Runtime-Level Optimization},
  author    = {Callens, Xavier},
  year      = {2026},
  note      = {Socrate AI Lab, Non-Profit Research Organization},
  url       = {https://huggingface.co/datasets/callensxavier/runux-tpu-v5e-benchmarks}
}

📬 Contact

AuthorXavier Callens
OrganizationSocrate AI Lab (Non-Profit)
Emailcallensxavier@gmail.com
GitHub@xaviercallens
HuggingFace@callensxavier

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© 2026 Xavier Callens / Socrate AI Lab Benchmark data & scripts: Apache-2.0 · RunuX-AI runtime: Proprietary (Patent Pending)

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