Yaozhong/GMFlow_raw_simulation

GMFlow Raw Simulation

Overview

GMFlow Raw Simulation is a large-scale open dataset of high-fidelity three-dimensional earthquake ground-motion simulations generated for the GMFlow project. It contains both point-source and finite-rupture earthquake scenarios for San Francisco Bay Area, covering magnitudes Mw 4.4, Mw 6, and Mw 7.

The simulations are performed on the supercomputer Perlmutter at the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC), with a total size of 3.27 TB, this dataset is intended to support research in earthquake engineering, seismology, scientific machine learning, operator learning, generative modeling, and uncertainty-aware surrogate modeling.

For detailed preprocessing, training code, and related project materials, please visit the GMFlow GitHub repository:

• —GitHub repository: https://github.com/yzshi5/GMFlow

Dataset Contents

The dataset is organized into folders corresponding to different earthquake source types and train/test splits.

Mw 4.4 point-source simulations

• —`Batch_1Hz_2000Runs_flat`: training set containing 2000 simulations
• —`Batch_1Hz_100_ValidationSet_flat`: test set containing 100 simulations

Each sample is stored as an `.h5` file. The simulation has a data shape of (3, 367, 171, 118) (channel, x, y, t), corresponding to three-dimensional velocity (unit in m/s). The original spatial resolution is 367x171, sampling frequency of 4 Hz, duration of 29.5 seconds. The maximized resolved frequency is 1 Hz.

Mw 6 finite-rupture simulations

• —`final_results_M6`: training set containing 2000 simulations
• —`final_results_M6_Testing`: test set containing 160 simulations

Mw 7 finite-rupture simulations

• —`final_results_M7_1000`: training set containing 1000 simulations
• —`final_results_M7_Testing`: test set containing 100 simulations

Metadata

The `meta` folder contains auxiliary metadata files for the finite-rupture simulations, including rupture summaries and other source-related information such as rupture velocity and top center of fault.

Folder Structure

Metadata Specification

Mw 4.4 point-source simulations

For the Mw 4.4 point-source cases, the hypocenter is encoded directly in the file name.

Example:

x=10000y=17500d=8000__Dset_h250m_1Hz.h5

Mw 6 and Mw 7 finite-rupture simulations

For the Mw 6 and Mw 7 finite-rupture cases, source metadata are provided in the `meta/` folder. These metadata include rupture-related parameters such as:

• —rupture velocity
• —top center of fault
• —hypocenter

Please consult the files in the meta/ folder for the exact schema.

GMFlow_raw_simulation/
├── Batch_1Hz_100_ValidationSet_flat
├── Batch_1Hz_2000Runs_flat
├── final_results_M6
├── final_results_M6_Testing
├── final_results_M7_1000
├── final_results_M7_Testing
├── meta
├── .gitattributes
└── README.md

Citation

If you use this dataset in your research, please cite the corresponding GMFlow paper and repository.

@article{shi_large-scale_2026,
	title = {Large-{Scale} {3D} {Ground}-{Motion} {Synthesis} with {Physics}-{Inspired} {Latent} {Operator} {Flow} {Matching}},
	author = {Shi, Yaozhong and Lavrentiadis, Grigorios and Tsalouchidis, Konstantinos and Ross, Zachary E. and McCallen, David and Zou, Caifeng and Azizzadenesheli, Kamyar and Asimaki, Domniki},
  journal= {arXiv:2603.17403 [cs]},
  year={2026}
}