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NbAiLab/NCC

Dataset Card for NbAiLab/NCC ⚠️ Important Update (December 2024) Previously, newspapers were a significant part of the Norwegian Colossal Corpus (NCC), particularly the newspapers distributed under the so called "Språkbank-avtalen". As of December 2024, at the request of media houses, we have ceased distributing newspapers under this agreement, including the "Norsk Aviskorpus." However, NCC still includes numerous newspapers that are released under more open… See the full description on the dataset page: https://huggingface.co/datasets/NbAiLab/NCC.

sourceHugging Faceccupdated 2y agoView on Hugging Face
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Dataset Card

Dataset Card for NbAiLab/NCC

Table of Contents

Dataset Description

  • Homepage: https://github.com/NbAiLab/notram
  • Repository: https://github.com/NbAiLab/notram
  • Paper: https://arxiv.org/abs/2104.09617
  • Point of Contact: Freddy Wetjen

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⚠️ Important Update (December 2024)

Previously, newspapers were a significant part of the Norwegian Colossal Corpus (NCC), particularly the newspapers distributed under the so called "Språkbank-avtalen". As of December 2024, at the request of media houses, we have ceased distributing newspapers under this agreement, including the "Norsk Aviskorpus." However, NCC still includes numerous newspapers that are released under more open agreements.

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The Norwegian Colossal Corpus is a collection of multiple smaller Norwegian corpuses suitable for training large language models. We have done extensive cleaning on the datasets, and have made them available in a common format. The total size of the NCC is currently 30GB. The cleaning of the dataset is optimised for encoder models. If you are building a decoder model, it is usually advised to be a bit stricter on the cleaning procedure. We have included meta-data like source, publication year and languaguage confidence to aid this cleaning.

Licenses

CorpusLicense
Library NewspapersCC0 1.0
Library BooksCC0 1.0
LovData CDNLOD 2.0
Government ReportsNLOD 2.0
Parliament CollectionsNLOD 2.0
Public ReportsNLOD 2.0
Målfrid CollectionNLOD 2.0
WikipediaCC BY-SA 3.0

How to Use

python
from datasets import load_dataset
data = load_dataset("NbAiLab/NCC", streaming=True)

Download Data

If you do not want to use the HuggingFace Dataset-library for training, or if you want to do additional pre-processing, it is also possible to download the files locally.

bash
# Clone the training set
git clone https://huggingface.co/datasets/NbAiLab/NCC

# Create one large training file of all shards without unpacking
cat NCC/data/train*.gz > onefile.json.gz

<details> <summary>List of all the files.</summary>

</details>

Dataset Summary

The NCC dataset contains json lines with language training data. Here is an example json line:

json
{
"id": "1006205",
"doc_type": "cc100",
"publish_year": 2021,
"lang_fasttext": "nn",
"lang_fasttext_conf": "0.641",
"text": "Eg har ein PLAN! KOS deg og ha ei fin helg"
}

Data Fields

**id:**String with id to source of line and a unique identifier
doc_typeString describing type of media text extracted from (I.e. book,newspaper etc)
publish_yearInteger. The year text published. When year is undetermined it is set to 2021.
lang_fasttextString. Language of text identified by FastText
lang_fasttext_confString. Confidence calculated by FastText
textString. The complete utf-8 document. If longer than 1M characters it is split.

Dataset Creation

We are providing a train and a validation split. The standard size of the validation is a single 650Mb file, while train is sharded in 650Mb chunks.

Build date original corpus: 21012022 Build data revised corpus: 10032025

Initial Data Collection and Curation

The procedure for the dataset creation is described in detail in our papers.

Summary

WordsDocumentsWords/Document
4,629,683,8868,176,399566

Document Types

SourceWordsDocumentsWords/Document
parliament1,301,766,1249,528136,625
books861,465,92524,25335,519
maalfrid_regjeringen368,581,048940,936391
maalfrid_ssb286,024,843871,262328
maalfrid_uio186,003,662788,988235
government_nb136,708,0623,55738,433
newspaper_ocr129,670,570665,344194
wikipediadownloadnbo113,329,164535,461211
maalfrid_fylkesmannen105,197,012473,582222
publicreports80,064,3963,36523,793
maalfrid_nve68,194,532308,924220
maalfrid_patentstyret66,482,941218,930303
maalfrid_ntnu59,108,734203,770290
lovdatacdodelsting_200537,295,2771,98718,769
maalfrid_vegvesen34,177,216169,998201
maalfrid_fhi33,541,094147,668227
maalfrid_norad33,454,34395,191351
maalfrid_skatteetaten33,313,01584,448394
maalfrid_uib29,049,822118,328245
wikipediadownloadnno27,663,552146,512188
maalfrid_forskningsradet24,647,59975,104328
maalfrid_nasjonalparkstyre21,795,98195,990227
government_nn18,610,6921,09117,058
maalfrid_nmbu18,493,38971,320259
maalfrid_oslomet18,140,36048,140376
maalfrid_domstol17,073,43052,233326
maalfrid_banenor16,805,76771,933233
maalfrid_nav16,651,08475,792219
maalfrid_landbruksdirektoratet13,398,27349,021273
maalfrid_helsedirektoratet13,312,82750,476263
maalfrid_nokut10,332,87039,426262
maalfrid_hi10,272,57239,923257
maalfrid_norges-bank10,135,29137,988266
maalfrid_udir10,102,54939,632254
maalfrid_vkm10,041,89232,960304
maalfrid_nbim9,841,44618,532531
maalfrid_miljodirektoratet9,704,59035,482273
maalfrid_distriktssenteret9,598,02339,415243
maalfrid_ngu9,454,22935,414266
maalfrid_ptil9,416,59235,024268
maalfrid_nord9,192,05245,786200
maalfrid_fiskeridir8,482,77434,167248
maalfrid_hivolda7,993,54827,057295
maalfrid_difi7,971,20536,605217
maalfrid_mattilsynet7,663,01227,614277
maalfrid_havarikommisjonen7,607,53325,552297
maalfrid_kulturradet7,364,35522,951320
maalfrid_ks7,065,31428,029252
maalfrid_kystverket6,870,77231,694216
maalfrid_udi6,566,70119,529336
maalfrid_uia6,094,66024,397249
maalfrid_hjelpemiddeldatabasen6,029,92334,946172
maalfrid_khrono5,993,14020,431293
maalfrid_helsetilsynet5,913,60218,721315
maalfrid_moreforsk5,755,44722,089260
maalfrid_jernbanedirektoratet5,589,07422,150252
maalfrid_veiviseren5,438,47218,441294
lovdatacdsombrundskriv20055,400,4863,2841,644
maalfrid_dsb5,312,62518,200291
lovdatacdsentraleforskrifter20055,178,05911,745440
maalfrid_husbanken4,810,20315,375312
maalfrid_legemiddelverket4,795,15420,634232
maalfrid_vetinst4,776,78214,839321
maalfrid_imdi4,744,40815,642303
maalfrid_forsvarsbygg4,672,40919,287242
maalfrid_sdir4,640,18515,547298
maalfrid_konkurransetilsynet4,618,59012,912357
maalfrid_arkivverket4,603,52416,899272
maalfrid_dsa4,595,53016,242282
maalfrid_hiof4,580,99123,675193
maalfrid_ehelse4,478,90823,074194
maalfrid_inn4,420,07026,840164
maalfrid_klagenemndssekretariatet4,287,06712,208351
maalfrid_sprakradet4,180,40415,521269
maalfrid_nhh4,063,92016,068252
maalfrid_dibk4,058,20815,855255
maalfrid_kartverket3,814,37619,110199
maalfrid_riksrevisjonen3,783,72811,216337
maalfrid_toll3,595,84214,122254
maalfrid_nibio3,531,23117,464202
maalfrid_met3,528,84618,689188
maalfrid_bufdir3,425,36211,720292
maalfrid_artsdatabanken3,275,3789,242354
maalfrid_politiet3,239,91310,728302
maalfrid_nkom3,197,19610,214313
maalfrid_vestlandfylke3,127,66512,337253
maalfrid_uis2,988,42410,045297
maalfrid_sykkelbynettverket2,880,91612,086238
maalfrid_nlr2,702,75316,178167
maalfrid_seniorporten2,672,6678,295322
maalfrid_npd2,657,17910,989241
maalfrid_custompublish2,493,0629,404265
maalfrid_aldringoghelse2,475,6016,927357
maalfrid_bioteknologiradet2,450,2726,135399
maalfrid_nyemetoder2,426,98210,999220
maalfrid_arbeidstilsynet2,426,2557,030345
maalfrid_riksantikvaren2,300,1598,933257
maalfrid_sjt2,292,57811,455200
lovdatacdlokaleforskrifter_20052,233,54322,82497
maalfrid_hvl2,194,0639,604228
maalfrid_luftfartstilsynet2,149,21510,092212
maalfrid_dfo2,123,7979,384226
maalfrid_ldo2,093,3017,471280
maalfrid_kompetansenorge1,997,36310,496190
maalfrid_forbrukerradet1,992,3027,493265
maalfrid_himolde1,959,62610,200192
maalfrid_usn1,828,9287,553242
lovdatacdnorgeslover_20051,802,5781,4191,270
maalfrid_naku1,786,0865,328335
maalfrid_medietilsynet1,648,4626,758243
maalfrid_matematikksenteret1,608,3327,474215
maalfrid_diku1,579,9966,383247
maalfrid_forskningsetikk1,573,0145,653278
maalfrid_godeidrettsanlegg1,539,9106,252246
maalfrid_dirmin1,500,1225,427276
maalfrid_diskrimineringsnemnda1,498,4434,270350
maalfrid_naturfag1,481,3166,108242
maalfrid_arbeidsretten1,473,2994,864302
lovdatacdrtvrundskriv20051,392,5479,831141
maalfrid_fellesstudentsystem1,392,11710,553131
maalfrid_nupi1,322,7435,628235
maalfrid_kriminalitetsforebygging1,223,9764,769256
maalfrid_anskaffelser1,214,9955,602216
maalfrid_folketrygdfondet1,212,7474,347278
maalfrid_miljopakken1,195,8695,634212
maalfrid_nih1,146,4715,415211
lovdatacdskattrundskriv20051,138,3394112,769
maalfrid_statsbygg1,125,6664,520249
maalfrid_nb1,085,4574,251255
maalfrid_unit1,072,1996,476165
maalfrid_npolar1,071,3812,708395
maalfrid_valgdirektoratet1,028,3819,316110
maalfrid_barneombudet1,001,2242,863349
maalfrid_datatilsynet990,5823,018328
maalfrid_lottstift985,3513,676268
maalfrid_aho977,1164,637210
maalfrid_sykehuspartner961,3624,693204
maalfrid_naturfagsenteret922,1743,957233
maalfrid_khio869,9173,457251
maalfrid_spesialenheten845,9892,188386
maalfrid_xn--miljlftet-o8ab822,7833,468237
maalfrid_samordnaopptak805,6442,415333
maalfrid_helsenorge802,0033,116257
maalfrid_skrivesenteret793,0534,250186
maalfrid_mareano784,8433,821205
maalfrid_fiskeridirektoratet772,7202,499309
maalfrid_sykehusinnkjop754,6164,440169
maalfrid_matportalen641,6632,413265
maalfrid_spk621,6872,181285
maalfrid_pasientsikkerhetsprogrammet610,8554,796127
maalfrid_justervesenet607,7671,946312
maalfrid_nhn594,5913,665162
maalfrid_sshf589,4481,950302
maalfrid_bibliotekutvikling573,7243,295174
maalfrid_nysgjerrigper572,8603,088185
maalfrid_nodnett549,4832,743200
maalfrid_giek525,7821,840285
maalfrid_une524,6641,281409
maalfrid_samas512,4692,610196
maalfrid_kriminalomsorgen506,8691,990254
maalfrid_kjonnsforskning495,0721,464338
lovdatacdrundskrivlovavdeling2005482,6054191,151
maalfrid_kunstkultursenteret478,7481,460327
maalfrid_nynorsksenteret472,4842,147220
maalfrid_ceres457,0011,988229
maalfrid_stami456,7071,190383
maalfrid_nsm452,5971,573287
maalfrid_gjenopptakelse430,6821,501286
maalfrid_nfi430,4691,557276
maalfrid_nidsenter416,3291,657251
maalfrid_nasjonalmuseet396,7391,106358
maalfrid_forbrukertilsynet395,3171,252315
maalfrid_natursekken389,1473,657106
maalfrid_fordelingsutvalget362,9231,416256
maalfrid_digdir358,5582,159166
maalfrid_forsvaret339,2181,243272
maalfrid_beccle337,7291,554217
maalfrid_romsenter335,1071,154290
maalfrid_geonorge306,9141,658185
maalfrid_universell269,3692,206122
maalfrid_ovf267,941950282
maalfrid_forbrukereuropa264,3661,043253
maalfrid_politihogskolen264,1921,253210
maalfrid_vinmonopolet250,998689364
maalfrid_energimerking243,2881,061229
maalfrid_ombudsmann235,226432544
maalfrid_vea-fs231,1091,293178
maalfrid_traumebevisst228,3202,48291
maalfrid_npe208,7681,018205
maalfrid_pkh206,925814254
maalfrid_opplaringslovutvalget198,545561353
maalfrid_helfo197,3341,005196
maalfrid_regionaleforskningsfond191,4161,010189
maalfrid_nafkam180,622582310
maalfrid_jernbanemagasinet178,723422423
maalfrid_polarhistorie176,126393448
maalfrid_aasentunet165,549543304
maalfrid_riksteatret161,970809200
maalfrid_realfagsloyper160,310765209
maalfrid_koro156,518584268
maalfrid_squarespace149,259515289
maalfrid_politietssikkerhetstjeneste146,346478306
maalfrid_unknown142,298715199
maalfrid_whocc122,839664184
maalfrid_konfliktraadet122,030379321
maalfrid_okokrim119,794381314
maalfrid_brreg115,114583197
maalfrid_riksmekleren113,287570198
maalfrid_sismo112,976316357
maalfrid_akkreditert101,275513197
maalfrid_sivilforsvaret101,178528191
maalfrid_radetfordyreetikk100,021446224
maalfrid_lanekassen97,196309314
maalfrid_digidel96,967621156
maalfrid_uit92,451612151
maalfrid_generaladvokaten91,998297309
maalfrid_nyinorge90,938204445
maalfrid_lokforerskolen90,255478188
maalfrid_varsom87,050576151
maalfrid_ffi82,147224366
maalfrid_kulturminnefondet81,683424192
maalfrid_unesco78,677388202
maalfrid_yrkesfisker76,760512149
maalfrid_dekom74,0661,33155
maalfrid_omsorgsforskning73,528332221
maalfrid_lektor270,477561125
maalfrid_openaccess65,385197331
maalfrid_ssn64,111308208
maalfrid_lokalhistorie61,885250247
maalfrid_laudim59,669402148
maalfrid_nlb58,927206286
maalfrid_riksadvokaten57,938156371
maalfrid_denkulturelleskolesekken46,768248188
maalfrid_sivilrett45,214145311
maalfrid_htu43,778171256
maalfrid_yr41,56557572
maalfrid_informasjonskompetanse40,989334122
maalfrid_finansportalen40,333187215
maalfrid_dep38,882126308
maalfrid_kulturped37,71899380
maalfrid_feide37,583274137
maalfrid_fug35,253123286
maalfrid_kulturoghelse34,762189183
maalfrid_helseklage33,612127264
maalfrid_nbsk31,334215145
maalfrid_matogindustri31,232207150
maalfrid_sinn28,114154182
maalfrid_transport2125,69191282
maalfrid_vergemal24,18980302
maalfrid_konkursradet24,07278308
maalfrid_norec22,49678288
maalfrid_pts21,34681263
maalfrid_nasjonaleturistveger20,237111182
maalfrid_hjelpelinjen19,47686226
maalfrid_iearth19,418150129
maalfrid_russamtalen19,03569275
maalfrid_xn--kvinneligomskjring-1ub18,60779235
maalfrid_memu17,820101176
maalfrid_nynorskbok17,76998181
maalfrid_regjeringsadvokaten17,41655316
maalfrid_xn--forskerfr-t8a16,82717795
maalfrid_xn--tilbakefring-2jb15,81449322
maalfrid_ringerikefengsel15,66928559
maalfrid_skattefunn15,62554289
maalfrid_skeivtarkiv15,53769225
maalfrid_fordelingsutvalet15,47335442
maalfrid_samfunnskunnskap15,11060251
maalfrid_shiprep14,632146100
maalfrid_sevuppt14,08755256
maalfrid_haldenfengsel13,65538359
maalfrid_forbrukerklageutvalget13,47251264
maalfrid_mhfa12,59114686
maalfrid_ah11,78736327
maalfrid_nettvett11,35344258
maalfrid_uh-it11,15828139
maalfrid_fishgen10,31829355
maalfrid_designavgang10,16475135
maalfrid_global9,36343217
maalfrid_valg8,79748183
maalfrid_havmiljo8,73469126
maalfrid_altinn7,94550158
maalfrid_miljoklagenemnda7,79735222
maalfrid_spinn-inn7,69948160
maalfrid_kantinekurset7,39754136
maalfrid_bastoyfengsel7,14256127
maalfrid_norskpetroleum6,10712050
maalfrid_voldsoffererstatning6,07927225
maalfrid_musikkbasertmiljobehandling5,18639132
maalfrid_prosjektveiviseren5,15415343
maalfrid_aldersvennlig4,91932153
maalfrid_barentswatch4,82932150
maalfrid_fmfiavo@fylkesmannen4,7406968
maalfrid_kk-utvalget4,69719247
maalfrid_agropub4,43417260
maalfrid_utdanningiverden4,36914312
maalfrid_overgangsbolig3,86236107
maalfrid_forsvaretsmuseer3,84035109
maalfrid_okopark3,28212273
maalfrid_pst2,86614204
maalfrid_sikkerhverdag2,78619146
maalfrid_arkitektur2,43615162
maalfrid_velgekte2,28710228
maalfrid_addlab2,10912175
maalfrid_romerikefengsel2,08819109
maalfrid_utdanning2,00912167
maalfrid_grunderskolen1,9947284
maalfrid_umb1,9589217
maalfrid_oslofengsel1,7568219
maalfrid_hjorteviltregisteret1,6005320
maalfrid_alleteller1,5117215
maalfrid_webhuset1,4095281
maalfrid_lykillinn1,3494337
maalfrid_kulturfag1,2156202
maalfrid_unimus9404235
maalfrid_anleggsregisteret9285185
maalfrid_mangfoldsprisen5973199
maalfrid_algae2future456857
maalfrid_mammapresenterer4472223
maalfrid_karriereveiledning3912714
maalfrid_nodsms351487
maalfrid_kildekompasset3021302
maalfrid_praksisfou2971297
maalfrid_retttilaalese246382
maalfrid_indreostfoldfengsel215371
maalfrid_xn--kroppsvingsforskning-gcc2052102
maalfrid_pahoyden1541154
maalfrid_norren42142

Languages

LanguageWordsDocumentsWords/Document
no2,899,156,4765,551,136522
da944,104,161293,7673,213
en476,390,8971,466,330324
nn181,310,112492,410368
fr50,297,424107,935465
de27,015,61263,782423
sv16,046,62257,029281
es8,573,15531,661270
fi4,792,83716,471290
pt2,547,14414,952170
oc2,170,7694,988435
nl1,911,6267,355259
zh1,495,9957,797191
uk1,474,0324,451331
ca1,390,6673,664379
la1,282,4055312,415
it1,280,4226,903185
ru1,233,6675,880209
et1,059,5374,042262
cs935,3954,363214
eu851,5933,170268
pl775,4205,240147
fa503,8802,061244
ja350,8383,59797
is311,5191,004310
id223,5911,297172
ar212,4951,183179
hu192,9591,378140
vi137,056639214
so131,743605217
el120,726620194
hr111,859513218
lv106,155641,658
sl94,417706133
tr91,4591,05187
ro80,974446181
eo80,688506159
lt67,977581117
sr66,42979383
gl65,922594110
war56,846235241
ko56,14792460
th54,677364150
am46,477327142
ceb35,679272131
ml35,503153232
sq32,258158204
tl31,094164189
kk27,81970397
mn21,54022979
sw18,62965286
pnb18,50281228
sk17,64219889
bg17,14298174
gu16,973131,305
ur16,017146109
sh15,007130115
mk13,47965207
ckb9,35044212
ku9,05854167
az8,00351156
ast7,91063125
uz6,88335196
ta4,1775970
ms3,81712630
fy3,57928127
hy3,47834102
pa3,28316205
hi2,8124168
bo2,55112,551
ht2,53411230
be2,4794456
min2,1557307
jv2,0673854
cy1,9934247
su1,8452476
ps1,83215122
als1,8264144
bn1,7992185
af1,7062181
bs1,5242463
nds1,4928816
qu1,48413114
my1,1151669
ga9722736
mt9401278
si9072339
te8531750
ilo8011650
km6901257
io6891068
tt6752033
jbo6212723
gn595785
as5842292
ug581696
kv5623187
br5532324
kn5311927
pam4761476
he3961428
kw329565
ka3261719
vep3091520
yo261552
ky2321121
azb2161216
ba203540
wa191219
gom164918
tg129343
ia1251111
mr122620
lmo90243
pms75107
lb68154
rue67233
vec67322
ne51510
hsb51225
cbk46223
or44222
ie3857
tk3649
eml3147
bar31310
arz31131
sco30130
gd29214
li2237
lrc20120
diq20210
dsb19119
yue19119
os1527
nah1427
mg1427
wuu14114
sd14114
cv12112
scn924
bh818
bcl818
new414
ce414
vo321
gv313
frr313
mzn313
lo212

Publish Periode

DecadeWordsDocumentsWords/Document
20203,640,555,1637,486,987672
201049,596,905206,1072,383
200076,215,03589,41610,668
1990122,831,82729,97969,912
198053,794,15655,2159,877
197033,995,51655,5336,593
196035,981,14287,2854,469
195040,527,060113,3843,597
194036,906,75742,04915,702
193036,535,860716507,173
192052,070,6761,087483,201
191063,920,2791,255501,227
190061,593,3611,164525,050
189088,616,4641,814485,506
188059,549,3991,087550,945
187026,541,488634406,854
186039,854,074710543,956
185055,078,195864635,165
184031,307,769534583,077
183018,377,415374479,400
18204,821,598147339,040
18101,013,74758130,214

Discussion of Biases

Please refer to our papers.

Dataset Curators

Freddy Wetjen and Per Egil Kummervold

License

Various licences applies to different parts of the corpus. Every document in the corpus has a tag telling what "doc_type" it belongs to. If you are unable to accept any of the licenses, you should filter out the "doc_type" with a conflicting license.

Doc_typeLicense
governmentnb, governmentnn, parliament, publicreports, lovdatacd\, maalfrid_\NLOD 2.0
newspapersocr, newspaperspdf, booksCC0 1.0
newspapersonlinenb, newspapersonlinennCC BY-NC 2.0
opensubtitles, wikipediaCC BY-SA 3.0

Citation Information

If you are using the corpus, please refer to the articles below:

@inproceedings{kummervold-etal-2022-norwegian-colossal,
  title     = {The {N}orwegian colossal corpus: A text corpus for training large {N}orwegian language models},
  author    = {Kummervold, Per E  and
               Wetjen, Freddy    and
               De la Rosa, Javier},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth Language Resources and Evaluation Conference (LREC)},
  year      = {2022},
  address   = {Marseille, France},
  publisher = {European Language Resources Association},
  url       = {https://aclanthology.org/2022.lrec-1.410},
  pages     = {3852--3860},
  abstract  = {Norwegian has been one of many languages lacking sufficient available text to train quality language models. In an attempt to bridge this gap, we introduce the Norwegian Colossal Corpus (NCC), which comprises 49GB of clean Norwegian textual data containing over 7B words. The NCC is composed of different and varied sources, ranging from books and newspapers to government documents and public reports, showcasing the various uses of the Norwegian language in society. The corpus contains mainly Norwegian Bokmål and Norwegian Nynorsk. Each document in the corpus is tagged with metadata that enables the creation of sub-corpora for specific needs. Its structure makes it easy to combine with large web archives that for licensing reasons could not be distributed together with the NCC. By releasing this corpus openly to the public, we hope to foster the creation of both better Norwegian language models and multilingual language models with support for Norwegian.},
}

@inproceedings{kummervold-etal-2021-operationalizing,
  title     = {Operationalizing a National Digital Library: The Case for a {N}orwegian Transformer Model},
  author    = {Kummervold, Per E  and
               De la Rosa, Javier  and
               Wetjen, Freddy  and
               Brygfjeld, Svein Arne},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 23rd Nordic Conference on Computational Linguistics (NoDaLiDa)},
  year      = {2021},
  address   = {Reykjavik, Iceland (Online)},
  publisher = {Linköping University Electronic Press, Sweden},
  url       = {https://aclanthology.org/2021.nodalida-main.3},
  pages     = {20--29},
  abstract  = {In this work, we show the process of building a large-scale training set from digital and digitized collections at a national library.
  The resulting Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT)-based language model for Norwegian outperforms multilingual BERT (mBERT) models
  in several token and sequence classification tasks for both Norwegian Bokmål and Norwegian Nynorsk. Our model also improves the mBERT performance for other
  languages present in the corpus such as English, Swedish, and Danish. For languages not included in the corpus, the weights degrade moderately while keeping strong multilingual properties. Therefore,
  we show that building high-quality models within a memory institution using somewhat noisy optical character recognition (OCR) content is feasible, and we hope to pave the way for other memory institutions to follow.},
}