Alibaba-NLP/Simulation_LLM_google_3B_V2
193
1#!/usr/bin/env python2 3# Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation.4# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.05 6# DeepSpeed Team7 8# This script extracts fp32 consolidated weights from a zero 1, 2 and 3 DeepSpeed checkpoints. It gets9# copied into the top level checkpoint dir, so the user can easily do the conversion at any point in10# the future. Once extracted, the weights don't require DeepSpeed and can be used in any11# application.12#13# example: python zero_to_fp32.py . pytorch_model.bin14 15import argparse16import torch17import glob18import math19import os20import re21from collections import OrderedDict22from dataclasses import dataclass23 24# while this script doesn't use deepspeed to recover data, since the checkpoints are pickled with25# DeepSpeed data structures it has to be available in the current python environment.26from deepspeed.utils import logger27from deepspeed.checkpoint.constants import (DS_VERSION, OPTIMIZER_STATE_DICT, SINGLE_PARTITION_OF_FP32_GROUPS,28 FP32_FLAT_GROUPS, ZERO_STAGE, PARTITION_COUNT, PARAM_SHAPES, BUFFER_NAMES,29 FROZEN_PARAM_SHAPES, FROZEN_PARAM_FRAGMENTS)30 31 32@dataclass33class zero_model_state:34 buffers: dict()35 param_shapes: dict()36 shared_params: list37 ds_version: int38 frozen_param_shapes: dict()39 frozen_param_fragments: dict()40 41 42debug = 043 44# load to cpu45device = torch.device('cpu')46 47 48def atoi(text):49 return int(text) if text.isdigit() else text50 51 52def natural_keys(text):53 '''54 alist.sort(key=natural_keys) sorts in human order55 http://nedbatchelder.com/blog/200712/human_sorting.html56 (See Toothy's implementation in the comments)57 '''58 return [atoi(c) for c in re.split(r'(\d+)', text)]59 60 61def get_model_state_file(checkpoint_dir, zero_stage):62 if not os.path.isdir(checkpoint_dir):63 raise FileNotFoundError(f"Directory '{checkpoint_dir}' doesn't exist")64 65 # there should be only one file66 if zero_stage <= 2:67 file = os.path.join(checkpoint_dir, "mp_rank_00_model_states.pt")68 elif zero_stage == 3:69 file = os.path.join(checkpoint_dir, "zero_pp_rank_0_mp_rank_00_model_states.pt")70 71 if not os.path.exists(file):72 raise FileNotFoundError(f"can't find model states file at '{file}'")73 74 return file75 76 77def get_checkpoint_files(checkpoint_dir, glob_pattern):78 # XXX: need to test that this simple glob rule works for multi-node setup too79 ckpt_files = sorted(glob.glob(os.path.join(checkpoint_dir, glob_pattern)), key=natural_keys)80 81 if len(ckpt_files) == 0:82 raise FileNotFoundError(f"can't find {glob_pattern} files in directory '{checkpoint_dir}'")83 84 return ckpt_files85 86 87def get_optim_files(checkpoint_dir):88 return get_checkpoint_files(checkpoint_dir, "*_optim_states.pt")89 90 91def get_model_state_files(checkpoint_dir):92 return get_checkpoint_files(checkpoint_dir, "*_model_states.pt")93 94 95def parse_model_states(files):96 zero_model_states = []97 for file in files:98 state_dict = torch.load(file, map_location=device)99 100 if BUFFER_NAMES not in state_dict:101 raise ValueError(f"{file} is not a model state checkpoint")102 buffer_names = state_dict[BUFFER_NAMES]103 if debug:104 print("Found buffers:", buffer_names)105 106 # recover just the buffers while restoring them to fp32 if they were saved in fp16107 buffers = {k: v.float() for k, v in state_dict["module"].items() if k in buffer_names}108 param_shapes = state_dict[PARAM_SHAPES]109 110 # collect parameters that are included in param_shapes111 param_names = []112 for s in param_shapes:113 for name in s.keys():114 param_names.append(name)115 116 # update with frozen parameters117 frozen_param_shapes = state_dict.get(FROZEN_PARAM_SHAPES, None)118 if frozen_param_shapes is not None:119 if debug:120 print(f"Found frozen_param_shapes: {frozen_param_shapes}")121 param_names += list(frozen_param_shapes.keys())122 123 # handle shared params124 shared_params = [[k, v] for k, v in state_dict["shared_params"].items()]125 126 ds_version = state_dict.get(DS_VERSION, None)127 128 frozen_param_fragments = state_dict.get(FROZEN_PARAM_FRAGMENTS, None)129 130 z_model_state = zero_model_state(buffers=buffers,131 param_shapes=param_shapes,132 shared_params=shared_params,133 ds_version=ds_version,134 frozen_param_shapes=frozen_param_shapes,135 frozen_param_fragments=frozen_param_fragments)136 zero_model_states.append(z_model_state)137 138 return zero_model_states139 140 141def parse_optim_states(files, ds_checkpoint_dir):142 143 total_files = len(files)144 state_dicts = []145 for f in files:146 state_dict = torch.load(f, map_location=device)147 # immediately discard the potentially huge 2 optimizer states as we only care for fp32 master weights148 # and also handle the case where it was already removed by another helper script149 state_dict["optimizer_state_dict"].pop("optimizer_state_dict", None)150 state_dicts.append(state_dict)151 152 if not ZERO_STAGE in state_dicts[0][OPTIMIZER_STATE_DICT]:153 raise ValueError(f"{files[0]} is not a zero checkpoint")154 zero_stage = state_dicts[0][OPTIMIZER_STATE_DICT][ZERO_STAGE]155 world_size = state_dicts[0][OPTIMIZER_STATE_DICT][PARTITION_COUNT]156 157 # For ZeRO-2 each param group can have different partition_count as data parallelism for expert158 # parameters can be different from data parallelism for non-expert parameters. So we can just159 # use the max of the partition_count to get the dp world_size.160 161 if type(world_size) is list:162 world_size = max(world_size)163 164 if world_size != total_files:165 raise ValueError(166 f"Expected {world_size} of '*_optim_states.pt' under '{ds_checkpoint_dir}' but found {total_files} files. "167 "Possibly due to an overwrite of an old checkpoint, or a checkpoint didn't get saved by one or more processes."168 )169 170 # the groups are named differently in each stage171 if zero_stage <= 2:172 fp32_groups_key = SINGLE_PARTITION_OF_FP32_GROUPS173 elif zero_stage == 3:174 fp32_groups_key = FP32_FLAT_GROUPS175 else:176 raise ValueError(f"unknown zero stage {zero_stage}")177 178 if zero_stage <= 2:179 fp32_flat_groups = [state_dicts[i][OPTIMIZER_STATE_DICT][fp32_groups_key] for i in range(len(state_dicts))]180 elif zero_stage == 3:181 # if there is more than one param group, there will be multiple flattened tensors - one182 # flattened tensor per group - for simplicity merge them into a single tensor183 #184 # XXX: could make the script more memory efficient for when there are multiple groups - it185 # will require matching the sub-lists of param_shapes for each param group flattened tensor186 187 fp32_flat_groups = [188 torch.cat(state_dicts[i][OPTIMIZER_STATE_DICT][fp32_groups_key], 0) for i in range(len(state_dicts))189 ]190 191 return zero_stage, world_size, fp32_flat_groups192 193 194def _get_fp32_state_dict_from_zero_checkpoint(ds_checkpoint_dir, exclude_frozen_parameters):195 """196 Returns fp32 state_dict reconstructed from ds checkpoint197 198 Args:199 - ``ds_checkpoint_dir``: path to the deepspeed checkpoint folder (where the optimizer files are)200 201 """202 print(f"Processing zero checkpoint '{ds_checkpoint_dir}'")203 204 optim_files = get_optim_files(ds_checkpoint_dir)205 zero_stage, world_size, fp32_flat_groups = parse_optim_states(optim_files, ds_checkpoint_dir)206 print(f"Detected checkpoint of type zero stage {zero_stage}, world_size: {world_size}")207 208 model_files = get_model_state_files(ds_checkpoint_dir)209 210 zero_model_states = parse_model_states(model_files)211 print(f'Parsing checkpoint created by deepspeed=={zero_model_states[0].ds_version}')212 213 if zero_stage <= 2:214 return _get_fp32_state_dict_from_zero2_checkpoint(world_size, fp32_flat_groups, zero_model_states,215 exclude_frozen_parameters)216 elif zero_stage == 3:217 return _get_fp32_state_dict_from_zero3_checkpoint(world_size, fp32_flat_groups, zero_model_states,218 exclude_frozen_parameters)219 220 221def _zero2_merge_frozen_params(state_dict, zero_model_states):222 if zero_model_states[0].frozen_param_shapes is None or len(zero_model_states[0].frozen_param_shapes) == 0:223 return224 225 frozen_param_shapes = zero_model_states[0].frozen_param_shapes226 frozen_param_fragments = zero_model_states[0].frozen_param_fragments227 228 if debug:229 num_elem = sum(s.numel() for s in frozen_param_shapes.values())230 print(f'rank 0: {FROZEN_PARAM_SHAPES}.numel = {num_elem}')231 232 wanted_params = len(frozen_param_shapes)233 wanted_numel = sum(s.numel() for s in frozen_param_shapes.values())234 avail_numel = sum([p.numel() for p in frozen_param_fragments.values()])235 print(f'Frozen params: Have {avail_numel} numels to process.')236 print(f'Frozen params: Need {wanted_numel} numels in {wanted_params} params')237 238 total_params = 0239 total_numel = 0240 for name, shape in frozen_param_shapes.items():241 total_params += 1242 unpartitioned_numel = shape.numel()243 total_numel += unpartitioned_numel244 245 state_dict[name] = frozen_param_fragments[name]246 247 if debug:248 print(f"{name} full shape: {shape} unpartitioned numel {unpartitioned_numel} ")249 250 print(f"Reconstructed Frozen fp32 state dict with {total_params} params {total_numel} elements")251 252 253def _has_callable(obj, fn):254 attr = getattr(obj, fn, None)255 return callable(attr)256 257 258def _zero2_merge_trainable_params(state_dict, world_size, fp32_flat_groups, zero_model_states):259 param_shapes = zero_model_states[0].param_shapes260 261 # Reconstruction protocol:262 #263 # XXX: document this264 265 if debug:266 for i in range(world_size):267 for j in range(len(fp32_flat_groups[0])):268 print(f"{FP32_FLAT_GROUPS}[{i}][{j}].shape={fp32_flat_groups[i][j].shape}")269 270 # XXX: memory usage doubles here (zero2)271 num_param_groups = len(fp32_flat_groups[0])272 merged_single_partition_of_fp32_groups = []273 for i in range(num_param_groups):274 merged_partitions = [sd[i] for sd in fp32_flat_groups]275 full_single_fp32_vector = torch.cat(merged_partitions, 0)276 merged_single_partition_of_fp32_groups.append(full_single_fp32_vector)277 avail_numel = sum(278 [full_single_fp32_vector.numel() for full_single_fp32_vector in merged_single_partition_of_fp32_groups])279 280 if debug:281 wanted_params = sum([len(shapes) for shapes in param_shapes])282 wanted_numel = sum([sum(shape.numel() for shape in shapes.values()) for shapes in param_shapes])283 # not asserting if there is a mismatch due to possible padding284 print(f"Have {avail_numel} numels to process.")285 print(f"Need {wanted_numel} numels in {wanted_params} params.")286 287 # params288 # XXX: for huge models that can't fit into the host's RAM we will have to recode this to support289 # out-of-core computing solution290 total_numel = 0291 total_params = 0292 for shapes, full_single_fp32_vector in zip(param_shapes, merged_single_partition_of_fp32_groups):293 offset = 0294 avail_numel = full_single_fp32_vector.numel()295 for name, shape in shapes.items():296 297 unpartitioned_numel = shape.numel() if _has_callable(shape, 'numel') else math.prod(shape)298 total_numel += unpartitioned_numel299 total_params += 1300 301 if debug:302 print(f"{name} full shape: {shape} unpartitioned numel {unpartitioned_numel} ")303 state_dict[name] = full_single_fp32_vector.narrow(0, offset, unpartitioned_numel).view(shape)304 offset += unpartitioned_numel305 306 # Z2 started to align to 2*world_size to improve nccl performance. Therefore both offset and307 # avail_numel can differ by anywhere between 0..2*world_size. Due to two unrelated complex308 # paddings performed in the code it's almost impossible to predict the exact numbers w/o the309 # live optimizer object, so we are checking that the numbers are within the right range310 align_to = 2 * world_size311 312 def zero2_align(x):313 return align_to * math.ceil(x / align_to)314 315 if debug:316 print(f"original offset={offset}, avail_numel={avail_numel}")317 318 offset = zero2_align(offset)319 avail_numel = zero2_align(avail_numel)320 321 if debug:322 print(f"aligned offset={offset}, avail_numel={avail_numel}")323 324 # Sanity check325 if offset != avail_numel:326 raise ValueError(f"consumed {offset} numels out of {avail_numel} - something is wrong")327 328 print(f"Reconstructed fp32 state dict with {total_params} params {total_numel} elements")329 330 331def _get_fp32_state_dict_from_zero2_checkpoint(world_size, fp32_flat_groups, zero_model_states,332 exclude_frozen_parameters):333 state_dict = OrderedDict()334 335 # buffers336 buffers = zero_model_states[0].buffers337 state_dict.update(buffers)338 if debug:339 print(f"added {len(buffers)} buffers")340 341 if not exclude_frozen_parameters:342 _zero2_merge_frozen_params(state_dict, zero_model_states)343 344 _zero2_merge_trainable_params(state_dict, world_size, fp32_flat_groups, zero_model_states)345 346 # recover shared parameters347 for pair in zero_model_states[0].shared_params:348 if pair[1] in state_dict:349 state_dict[pair[0]] = state_dict[pair[1]]350 351 return state_dict352 353 354def zero3_partitioned_param_info(unpartitioned_numel, world_size):355 remainder = unpartitioned_numel % world_size356 padding_numel = (world_size - remainder) if remainder else 0357 partitioned_numel = math.ceil(unpartitioned_numel / world_size)358 return partitioned_numel, padding_numel359 360 361def _zero3_merge_frozen_params(state_dict, world_size, zero_model_states):362 if zero_model_states[0].frozen_param_shapes is None or len(zero_model_states[0].frozen_param_shapes) == 0:363 return364 365 if debug:366 for i in range(world_size):367 num_elem = sum(s.numel() for s in zero_model_states[i].frozen_param_fragments.values())368 print(f'rank {i}: {FROZEN_PARAM_SHAPES}.numel = {num_elem}')369 370 frozen_param_shapes = zero_model_states[0].frozen_param_shapes371 wanted_params = len(frozen_param_shapes)372 wanted_numel = sum(s.numel() for s in frozen_param_shapes.values())373 avail_numel = sum([p.numel() for p in zero_model_states[0].frozen_param_fragments.values()]) * world_size374 print(f'Frozen params: Have {avail_numel} numels to process.')375 print(f'Frozen params: Need {wanted_numel} numels in {wanted_params} params')376 377 total_params = 0378 total_numel = 0379 for name, shape in zero_model_states[0].frozen_param_shapes.items():380 total_params += 1381 unpartitioned_numel = shape.numel()382 total_numel += unpartitioned_numel383 384 param_frags = tuple(model_state.frozen_param_fragments[name] for model_state in zero_model_states)385 state_dict[name] = torch.cat(param_frags, 0).narrow(0, 0, unpartitioned_numel).view(shape)386 387 partitioned_numel, partitioned_padding_numel = zero3_partitioned_param_info(unpartitioned_numel, world_size)388 389 if debug:390 print(391 f"Frozen params: {total_params} {name} full shape: {shape} partition0 numel={partitioned_numel} partitioned_padding_numel={partitioned_padding_numel}"392 )393 394 print(f"Reconstructed Frozen fp32 state dict with {total_params} params {total_numel} elements")395 396 397def _zero3_merge_trainable_params(state_dict, world_size, fp32_flat_groups, zero_model_states):398 param_shapes = zero_model_states[0].param_shapes399 avail_numel = fp32_flat_groups[0].numel() * world_size400 # Reconstruction protocol: For zero3 we need to zip the partitions together at boundary of each401 # param, re-consolidating each param, while dealing with padding if any402 403 # merge list of dicts, preserving order404 param_shapes = {k: v for d in param_shapes for k, v in d.items()}405 406 if debug:407 for i in range(world_size):408 print(f"{FP32_FLAT_GROUPS}[{i}].shape={fp32_flat_groups[i].shape}")409 410 wanted_params = len(param_shapes)411 wanted_numel = sum(shape.numel() for shape in param_shapes.values())412 # not asserting if there is a mismatch due to possible padding413 avail_numel = fp32_flat_groups[0].numel() * world_size414 print(f"Trainable params: Have {avail_numel} numels to process.")415 print(f"Trainable params: Need {wanted_numel} numels in {wanted_params} params.")416 417 # params418 # XXX: for huge models that can't fit into the host's RAM we will have to recode this to support419 # out-of-core computing solution420 offset = 0421 total_numel = 0422 total_params = 0423 for name, shape in param_shapes.items():424 425 unpartitioned_numel = shape.numel()426 total_numel += unpartitioned_numel427 total_params += 1428 429 partitioned_numel, partitioned_padding_numel = zero3_partitioned_param_info(unpartitioned_numel, world_size)430 431 if debug:432 print(433 f"Trainable params: {total_params} {name} full shape: {shape} partition0 numel={partitioned_numel} partitioned_padding_numel={partitioned_padding_numel}"434 )435 436 # XXX: memory usage doubles here437 state_dict[name] = torch.cat(438 tuple(fp32_flat_groups[i].narrow(0, offset, partitioned_numel) for i in range(world_size)),439 0).narrow(0, 0, unpartitioned_numel).view(shape)440 offset += partitioned_numel441 442 offset *= world_size443 444 # Sanity check445 if offset != avail_numel:446 raise ValueError(f"consumed {offset} numels out of {avail_numel} - something is wrong")447 448 print(f"Reconstructed Trainable fp32 state dict with {total_params} params {total_numel} elements")449 450 451def _get_fp32_state_dict_from_zero3_checkpoint(world_size, fp32_flat_groups, zero_model_states,452 exclude_frozen_parameters):453 state_dict = OrderedDict()454 455 # buffers456 buffers = zero_model_states[0].buffers457 state_dict.update(buffers)458 if debug:459 print(f"added {len(buffers)} buffers")460 461 if not exclude_frozen_parameters:462 _zero3_merge_frozen_params(state_dict, world_size, zero_model_states)463 464 _zero3_merge_trainable_params(state_dict, world_size, fp32_flat_groups, zero_model_states)465 466 # recover shared parameters467 for pair in zero_model_states[0].shared_params:468 if pair[1] in state_dict:469 state_dict[pair[0]] = state_dict[pair[1]]470 471 return state_dict472 473 474def get_fp32_state_dict_from_zero_checkpoint(checkpoint_dir, tag=None, exclude_frozen_parameters=False):475 """476 Convert ZeRO 2 or 3 checkpoint into a single fp32 consolidated state_dict that can be loaded with477 ``load_state_dict()`` and used for training without DeepSpeed or shared with others, for example478 via a model hub.479 480 Args:481 - ``checkpoint_dir``: path to the desired checkpoint folder482 - ``tag``: checkpoint tag used as a unique identifier for checkpoint. If not provided will attempt to load tag in 'latest' file. e.g., ``global_step14``483 - ``exclude_frozen_parameters``: exclude frozen parameters484 485 Returns:486 - pytorch ``state_dict``487 488 Note: this approach may not work if your application doesn't have sufficient free CPU memory and489 you may need to use the offline approach using the ``zero_to_fp32.py`` script that is saved with490 the checkpoint.491 492 A typical usage might be ::493 494 from deepspeed.utils.zero_to_fp32 import get_fp32_state_dict_from_zero_checkpoint495 # do the training and checkpoint saving496 state_dict = get_fp32_state_dict_from_zero_checkpoint(checkpoint_dir) # already on cpu497 model = model.cpu() # move to cpu498 model.load_state_dict(state_dict)499 # submit to model hub or save the model to share with others500 501 In this example the ``model`` will no longer be usable in the deepspeed context of the same502 application. i.e. you will need to re-initialize the deepspeed engine, since503 ``model.load_state_dict(state_dict)`` will remove all the deepspeed magic from it.504 505 If you want it all done for you, use ``load_state_dict_from_zero_checkpoint`` instead.506 507 """508 if tag is None:509 latest_path = os.path.join(checkpoint_dir, 'latest')510 if os.path.isfile(latest_path):511 with open(latest_path, 'r') as fd:512 tag = fd.read().strip()513 else:514 raise ValueError(f"Unable to find 'latest' file at {latest_path}")515 516 ds_checkpoint_dir = os.path.join(checkpoint_dir, tag)517 518 if not os.path.isdir(ds_checkpoint_dir):519 raise FileNotFoundError(f"Directory '{ds_checkpoint_dir}' doesn't exist")520 521 return _get_fp32_state_dict_from_zero_checkpoint(ds_checkpoint_dir, exclude_frozen_parameters)522 523 524def convert_zero_checkpoint_to_fp32_state_dict(checkpoint_dir, output_file, tag=None, exclude_frozen_parameters=False):525 """526 Convert ZeRO 2 or 3 checkpoint into a single fp32 consolidated ``state_dict`` file that can be527 loaded with ``torch.load(file)`` + ``load_state_dict()`` and used for training without DeepSpeed.528 529 Args:530 - ``checkpoint_dir``: path to the desired checkpoint folder. (one that contains the tag-folder, like ``global_step14``)531 - ``output_file``: path to the pytorch fp32 state_dict output file (e.g. path/pytorch_model.bin)532 - ``tag``: checkpoint tag used as a unique identifier for checkpoint. If not provided will attempt to load tag in the file named ``latest`` in the checkpoint folder, e.g., ``global_step14``533 - ``exclude_frozen_parameters``: exclude frozen parameters534 """535 536 state_dict = get_fp32_state_dict_from_zero_checkpoint(checkpoint_dir, tag, exclude_frozen_parameters)537 print(f"Saving fp32 state dict to {output_file}")538 torch.save(state_dict, output_file)539 540 541def load_state_dict_from_zero_checkpoint(model, checkpoint_dir, tag=None):542 """543 1. Put the provided model to cpu544 2. Convert ZeRO 2 or 3 checkpoint into a single fp32 consolidated ``state_dict``545 3. Load it into the provided model546 547 Args:548 - ``model``: the model object to update549 - ``checkpoint_dir``: path to the desired checkpoint folder. (one that contains the tag-folder, like ``global_step14``)550 - ``tag``: checkpoint tag used as a unique identifier for checkpoint. If not provided will attempt to load tag in the file named ``latest`` in the checkpoint folder, e.g., ``global_step14``551 552 Returns:553 - ``model`: modified model554 555 Make sure you have plenty of CPU memory available before you call this function. If you don't556 have enough use the ``zero_to_fp32.py`` utility to do the conversion. You will find it557 conveniently placed for you in the checkpoint folder.558 559 A typical usage might be ::560 561 from deepspeed.utils.zero_to_fp32 import load_state_dict_from_zero_checkpoint562 model = load_state_dict_from_zero_checkpoint(trainer.model, checkpoint_dir)563 # submit to model hub or save the model to share with others564 565 Note, that once this was run, the ``model`` will no longer be usable in the deepspeed context566 of the same application. i.e. you will need to re-initialize the deepspeed engine, since567 ``model.load_state_dict(state_dict)`` will remove all the deepspeed magic from it.568 569 """570 logger.info(f"Extracting fp32 weights")571 state_dict = get_fp32_state_dict_from_zero_checkpoint(checkpoint_dir, tag)572 573 logger.info(f"Overwriting model with fp32 weights")574 model = model.cpu()575 model.load_state_dict(state_dict, strict=False)576 577 return model578 579 580if __name__ == "__main__":581 582 parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()583 parser.add_argument("checkpoint_dir",584 type=str,585 help="path to the desired checkpoint folder, e.g., path/checkpoint-12")586 parser.add_argument(587 "output_file",588 type=str,589 help="path to the pytorch fp32 state_dict output file (e.g. path/checkpoint-12/pytorch_model.bin)")590 parser.add_argument("-t",591 "--tag",592 type=str,593 default=None,594 help="checkpoint tag used as a unique identifier for checkpoint. e.g., global_step1")595 parser.add_argument("--exclude_frozen_parameters", action='store_true', help="exclude frozen parameters")596 parser.add_argument("-d", "--debug", action='store_true', help="enable debug")597 args = parser.parse_args()598 599 debug = args.debug600 601 convert_zero_checkpoint_to_fp32_state_dict(args.checkpoint_dir,602 args.output_file,603 tag=args.tag,604 exclude_frozen_parameters=args.exclude_frozen_parameters)605 