datasets
Training and evaluation data, with the modality, task and licence stated up front. Listed live from the Hugging Face Hub.
causalds
CausalDS
Evaluation-only benchmark. Please do not use this release in training corpora.
The repository contains the complete exam presented in the paper, including private ground truth and held-out
test labels, as well as the data used for ablations.
CausalDS is a benchmark generator for causal reasoning in agentic data-science workflows. Each benchmark
instance is a fully synthetically generated scene: a hidden structural causal model (SCM), generated
tabular data, and a… See the full description on the dataset page: https://huggingface.co/datasets/andleb/causalds.NLR-Causal-Reasoning
SEA Causal Reasoning
SEA Causal Reasoning evaluates a model's ability to choose the correct cause or effect given a premise. It is sampled from XCOPA for Indonesian, Tamil, Thai, and Vietnamese.
Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
SEA Causal Reasoning is designed for evaluating chat or instruction-tuned large language models (LLMs). It is part of the SEA-HELM leaderboard from AI Singapore.
Languages
Indonesian (id)
Tamil (ta)
Thai (th)
Vietnamese (vi)… See the full description on the dataset page: https://huggingface.co/datasets/aisingapore/NLR-Causal-Reasoning.CausalBench
CausalBench
Causal graphs of LLM-agent action trajectories for detecting multi-step prompt-injection
attacks. Each row is one trajectory represented as a causal graph (nodes = agent actions,
edges = causal dependencies) labelled as attack or benign.
Part of CausalTrace: https://github.com/decentralizedsciencelab/CausalTrace
Contents
Config
Split
Rows
Description
attack
train
17,976
Trajectories containing an injected attack (is_attack = true)
benign… See the full description on the dataset page: https://huggingface.co/datasets/dSLLab/CausalBench.instructions
Merged Instructions Dataset
Merged Dataset for the response of instructions.
CausalVerse_Image
CausalVerse Image Dataset
This dataset contains two families of splits:
Physics splits: Fall, Refraction, Slope, Spring
Static image generation: scene1, scene2, scene3, scene4
All splits share the same columns:
image (binary image; datasets.Image)
render_path (string; original image filename/path)
metavalue (string; per-sample metadata; schema varies by split)
Paper: CausalVerse: Benchmarking Causal Representation Learning with Configurable High-Fidelity Simulations
Project… See the full description on the dataset page: https://huggingface.co/datasets/CausalVerse/CausalVerse_Image.corr2cause
Dataset card for corr2cause
TODO
medical_meadow_pubmed_causal
Dataset Card for Pubmed Causal
Dataset Summary
This is the dataset used in the paper: Detecting Causal Language Use in Science Findings.
Citation Information
@inproceedings{yu-etal-2019-detecting,
title = "Detecting Causal Language Use in Science Findings",
author = "Yu, Bei and
Li, Yingya and
Wang, Jun",
booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and the 9th International Joint… See the full description on the dataset page: https://huggingface.co/datasets/medalpaca/medical_meadow_pubmed_causal.Retrievatar
Retrievatar
Retrievatar is a multimodal dataset designed to enhance the retrieval-augmented generation capabilities of vision-language models, specifically focusing on fictional anime characters and real-world celebrities across various fields. This release represents a subset of 100,000 samples extracted from a significantly larger synthetic image-text corpus. The dataset is being open-sourced to facilitate further research into entity-centric multimodal understanding, with plans… See the full description on the dataset page: https://huggingface.co/datasets/CausalLM/Retrievatar.CausalVerse_Video_Physical_Collision
CausalVerse Video Dataset
Available splits: physical_collision_complex, physical_collision_simple
Each record contains the following columns:
videos, metavalue, npz_data
physical_collision_complex
Examples: 20011
Columns: videos, metavalue, npz_data
physical_collision_simple
Examples: 11286
Columns: videos, metavalue, npz_data
ultrachat
Dataset Card for "ultrachat"
More Information needed
gpt2small_full_training_dataCausalReasoningBenchmark
Automated Causal Reasoning Benchmark
Overview
The Automated Causal Reasoning Benchmark is a collection of real-world causal inference tasks drawn from 73 peer-reviewed research papers and three textbook-style collections (see CausalBenchmark.pdf). The benchmark contains 174 queries over 139 datasets. Each task is designed to evaluate both (i) identification, i.e., selecting an appropriate causal estimand and identification strategy given the study context, and… See the full description on the dataset page: https://huggingface.co/datasets/syrgkanislab/CausalReasoningBenchmark.CausalArena
CausalArena public release
This repository contains the public CausalArena dataset release: executable SCMs, selected result tables, and real-data source indices.
What is included
scm/: the public half of each generated SCM family: 500 synthetic SCM configurations, 50 semantic SCMs, and 50 formula-grounded SCMs. Released SCMs include both observation-only and observation-plus-intervention exports.
scm/{semantic,formula}/artifacts/: per-scenario graph, generator… See the full description on the dataset page: https://huggingface.co/datasets/LAMDA-Tabular/CausalArena.Synthetic-Causal-Reasoning-50k
🏭 Sovereign Synthetic Reasoning Dataset (400k)
"High-Quality Chain-of-Thought Data at Scale."
📊 Overview
This dataset contains 400,000 synthetic reasoning samples spanning 16 enterprise domains (Finance, Pharma, Legal, Cybersecurity, Supply Chain, etc.).
It was generated using the Sovereign Generator, which produced 1.6 million samples and applied a strict quality filter (Top 25%) to retain only the most logically consistent and complex chains.
Average Quality… See the full description on the dataset page: https://huggingface.co/datasets/davidfoss/Synthetic-Causal-Reasoning-50k.clt_gpt2_tokenized_control
Fresh multilingual GPT-2 CLT control data
Sequential, unshuffled control sample for CLT null experiments. For each language,
complete source documents were tokenized with CausalNLP/gpt2-hf_multilingual-20 at revision
0afbb31b2db3f394270d42d6a4cb7f8fceeca3d8. The first 100,000,000 tokenizer tokens were discarded
(including the complete document that crossed the threshold), after which complete
documents were retained until at least 100,000,000 tokens were collected.
Data are… See the full description on the dataset page: https://huggingface.co/datasets/CausalNLP/clt_gpt2_tokenized_control.CausalVerse_Video_Robotics_Kitchen
CausalVerse Video Dataset
Available splits: robotics_kitchen
Each record contains the following columns:
videos, metavalue, npz_data
robotics_kitchen
Examples: 7500
Columns: videos, metavalue, npz_data
CausalVerse_Video_Physical_Projectile
CausalVerse Video Dataset
Available splits: physical_projectile_complex, physical_projectile_simple
Each record contains the following columns:
videos, metavalue, npz_data
physical_projectile_complex
Examples: 20002
Columns: videos, metavalue, npz_data
physical_projectile_simple
Examples: 10000
Columns: videos, metavalue, npz_data
Causal2Needles
Causal2Needles (NeurIPS D&B Track 2025)
Overview
Project
Paper
Code
Causal2Needles is a benchmark dataset and evaluation toolkit designed to assess the capabilities of both proprietary and open-source multimodal large language models in long-video understanding. Our dataset features a large number of "2-needle" questions, where the model must locate and reason over two distinct pieces of information from the video. An illustrative example is shown below:
More background… See the full description on the dataset page: https://huggingface.co/datasets/causal2needles/Causal2Needles.flare-causal20-sc
Dataset Card for "flare-causal20-sc"
More Information needed
gpt2small_training_dataCausalVerse_Video_Robotics_Living
CausalVerse Video Dataset
Available splits: robotics_living
Each record contains the following columns:
videos, metavalue, npz_data
robotics_living
Examples: 4800
Columns: videos, metavalue, npz_data
gpt2-training-ar-zh-ko-ja-4b
Balanced Arabic-Chinese-Korean-Japanese 4B-token training data
Sequential FineWeb-2 documents tokenized with CausalNLP/gpt2-tokenizer-ar-zh-ko-ja. Each language contains at least 1,000,000,000 tokens in complete documents. Total target: 4,000,000,000 tokens. Approximately 100,000,000 tokens per Parquet shard.
Splits: arb_Arab, cmn_Hani, kor_Hang, jpn_Jpan. Schema: text: string, input_ids: list<int32>.
CausalVerse_Video_Robotics_Mobile
CausalVerse Video Dataset
Available splits: robotics_mobile
Each record contains the following columns:
videos, metavalue, npz_data
robotics_mobile
Examples: 2001
Columns: videos, metavalue, npz_data
CausalVerse_Video_Physical_Fall
CausalVerse Video Dataset
Available splits: physical_fall_complex, physical_fall_simple
Each record contains the following columns:
videos, metavalue, npz_data
physical_fall_complex
Examples: 20049
Columns: videos, metavalue, npz_data
physical_fall_simple
Examples: 10781
Columns: videos, metavalue, npz_data
task391_causal_relationship
Dataset Card for Natural Instructions (https://github.com/allenai/natural-instructions) Task: task391_causal_relationship
Additional Information
Citation Information
The following paper introduces the corpus in detail. If you use the corpus in published work, please cite it:
@misc{wang2022supernaturalinstructionsgeneralizationdeclarativeinstructions,
title={Super-NaturalInstructions: Generalization via Declarative Instructions on 1600+ NLP Tasks}… See the full description on the dataset page: https://huggingface.co/datasets/Lots-of-LoRAs/task391_causal_relationship.CausalDynamics
CausalDynamics: A large-scale benchmark for structural discovery of dynamical causal models
NeurIPS 2025
A comprehensive benchmark framework designed to rigorously evaluate state-of-the-art causal discovery algorithms for dynamical systems.
Key Features
1️⃣ Large-Scale Benchmark. Systematically evaluate state-of-the-art causal discovery algorithms on thousands of graph challenges with increasing difficulty.
2️⃣ Customizable Data Generation. Scalable… See the full description on the dataset page: https://huggingface.co/datasets/kausable/CausalDynamics.natural_instructions
Dataset Card for "natural_instructions"
More Information needed
Kingfall-Roleplay
Kingfall-Roleplay
Dataset Summary
CausalLM/Kingfall-Roleplay is a preview subset of a larger synthetic corpus generated with Gemini Kingfall.
This release contains 10K adapted samples selected for public preview and research use. It is not the full Kingfall-generated corpus, nor is it a release of the original unmodified data.
Kingfall refers here to a reported confidential Gemini-family model that briefly became accessible during a limited availability window. Community… See the full description on the dataset page: https://huggingface.co/datasets/CausalLM/Kingfall-Roleplay.domain-agnostic-causal-reasoning-tuning
Domain-Agnostic Causal Reasoning Tuning Dataset
Training data for fine-tuning language models on multi-hop document reasoning. Each example is a graded reasoning trace produced by a frontier AI agent solving a procedurally generated challenge from the Botcoin proof-of-inference network.
The traces contain no real domain knowledge. Entities are fictional, numbers are random, and documents are generated deterministically from 128-bit seeds. The reasoning structure is what matters:… See the full description on the dataset page: https://huggingface.co/datasets/botcoinmoney/domain-agnostic-causal-reasoning-tuning.CausalVerse_Video_Robotics_Study
CausalVerse Video Dataset
Available splits: robotics_study
Each record contains the following columns:
videos, metavalue, npz_data
robotics_study
Examples: 2700
Columns: videos, metavalue, npz_data