mhjiang0408/MAC_Bench

1journal,id,question,cover_image,answer,option_A,option_A_path,option_A_embedding_name,option_A_embedding_id,option_B,option_B_path,option_B_embedding_name,option_B_embedding_id,option_C,option_C_path,option_C_embedding_name,option_C_embedding_id,option_D,option_D_path,option_D_embedding_name,option_D_embedding_id,split2Bioconjugate Chemistry,2024_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2024_12.png,C,Virus-like particles are unique platforms for the synthesis of functional nanomaterials. Addition of a small peptide to the C-terminus on the exterior of P22 virus-like particles (red) enables covalent attachment (orange) of proteins containing polyglycine sequences on their N-termini (yellow) through the targeted catalysis by the enzyme sortase (green). Covalent attachment via sortase enables the construction of robust hybrid virus-like particles produced through this highly targeted and very general genetic approach to bioconjugation.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2017_5.txt,sbert,2017_5.txt,"Once protease inhibitors bind, macrodilution or protein denaturation is required to remove them. In this work, a novel methodology for controlling the enzymatic activity uniquely from OFF to ON through biotin-streptavidin affinity was presented. A directly biotinylated inhibitor of HIV-1 protease and human cathepsin D was effective for avoiding autolysis and as an eluent for simple detection of activity purified from human serum and cells. The protein structures were obtained from RSCB PDB (PDB ID: 6IXD and PDB ID: 1N43)",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2019_6.txt,multiBv1,2019_6.txt,"Efficient synthesis of novel glucuronic acid glycodendrimers with different scaffolds and different levels of multivalency as potent Dengue virus inhibitors. Using SPR and molecular modeling studies, the antiviral activity of these glycodendrimers was evaluated against Dengue virus. This antiviral evaluation indicated that glycodendrimers with flexible scaffolds and a high level of multivalency present strong binding affinity. This family of glycodendrimers can be considered as novel Dengue virus lead compounds.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2024_12.txt,groundtruth,2024_12.txt,"PG-surfactants are a kind of lipopeptide having a gemini molecular structure, which consists of two alkyl-chain-modified cysteine residues, a short linker peptide between them, and periphery peptides at the N- and C-terminal sides. In this study, we successfully developed novel antimicrobial PG-surfactants that can exhibit a broad antimicrobial spectrum as well as low damage to red blood cells. This is the first example of synthesized lipopeptides that fulfills both the requirements above for therapeutic applications.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2018_1.txt,allv2,2018_1.txt,train3Journal of Proteome Research,2025_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of Proteome Research/2025_3.png,D,Picking up contaminant proteins from the proteome ocean. New protein contaminant FASTA and spectral libraries were established and were proven to benefit both DDA and DIA proteomics. New contaminant protein libraries are freely available and should be included in all bottom-up proteomics data analysis pipelines. Cover art designed by the Ling Hao research group and completed by the Robert Gates Graphics.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Proteome Research/2022_4.txt,ave_3,2022_4.txt,Supramolecular probe-based exosome array enabled high-throughput downstream validation of protein biomarkers discovered from large scale proteomic analysis.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Proteome Research/2023_6.txt,allv2,2023_6.txt,Differential proteome profiling analysis under pesticides stress using a Nano-UPLC-MS/MS untargeted proteomic-based approach on a 3D-developed neurospheroids model enables identification of cell regulation processes involved in tumor invasiveness and persistence as well as the prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in human IDH1-mutant high-grade gliomas.   View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Proteome Research/2023_2.txt,ave_2,2023_2.txt,Proteomic analysis of human urinary exosome was successfully achieved with chemical affinity enrichment toward the phosphatidylserine exposure on the exosomal surface by molecular imprinting. View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Proteome Research/2025_3.txt,groundtruth,2025_3.txt,train4Nature Reviews Psychology,3_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Psychology/3_4.png,B,"In this Review, Jost et al. provide a conceptual framework that integrates scientific knowledge about cognitive-motivational mechanisms that influence political polarization and the social-communicative contexts in which they are enacted.5Cover design: Charlotte Gurr.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Psychology/1_3.txt,multiBv1,1_3.txt,"In this Review, Čehajić-Clancy & Halperin consolidate research from four domains in social psychology (prejudice reduction, conflict resolution, intergroup reconciliation and affective polarization) to elucidate the critical features necessary for successful intergroup interventions.6Cover design: David Johnston",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Psychology/3_4.txt,groundtruth,3_4.txt,"The patient-therapist alliance is the most consistent predictor of treatment outcome in psychotherapy. In this Review, Zilcha-Mano and Fisher synthesize the literature that distinguishes between state-like strengthening of alliance throughout treatment and trait-like differences between individuals in alliance strength to elucidate when and why alliance predicts treatment outcome. See Zilcha-Mano & Fisher7Cover design: Charlotte Gurr",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Psychology/1_9.txt,sbert,1_9.txt,"In this Review, Skinner-Dorkenoo and colleagues consider how systemic factors contribute to individual-level racial biases and vice versa.Skinner-Dorkenoo and colleagues8Cover design: Charlotte Gurr.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Psychology/2_6.txt,allv2,2_6.txt,train9Accounts of Materials Research,2024_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Accounts of Materials Research/2024_12.png,C,"Materials scientists and engineers can advance bioinspired machine intelligence by designing soft robots like those shown as robotic materials. Robotic materials are composites that tightly couple actuation, sensing, power, and control capabilities through novel forms and functionalities. (Image credit: Ryan L. Truby).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Materials Research/2021_3.txt,multiBv1,2021_3.txt,"The fabrication of copper-based materials with the controlled atomic arrangement and valence states based on neural network-accelerated computational simulations and skilled synthetic chemistry. Using these catalytic nanoparticles coupled with novel reactors, the selectivity of the target product is improved and the energy consumption of CO",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Materials Research/2023_10.txt,allv2,2023_10.txt,"Integrating domain knowledge into artificial intelligence, this Account signifies a transformative shift in catalytic materials discovery toward a sustainable future. Cover designed by Tianyou Mou with help from Xue Han.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Materials Research/2024_12.txt,groundtruth,2024_12.txt,"Inspired by enzyme catalysis, the microenvironment is recognized to be as vital as catalytic sites. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), featuring atomically precise and well tunable structures, are an ideal platform for rational regulation of the microenvironment surrounding catalytic sites, thereby manipulating the catalytic performance.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Materials Research/2021_8.txt,sbert,2021_8.txt,train10Environmental Science & Technology,2025_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Environmental Science & Technology/2025_2.png,C,"Estrone (E1) is commonly associated with human and livestock wastes, but has received far less attention than the more potent 17β-estradiol (E2) relative to feminization of fish. In this study, it was found that male fathead minnows exposed to environmentally-relevant levels of E1 readily convert the steroid to E2, to a degree sufficient to feminize the fish.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Environmental Science & Technology/2017_15.txt,ave_3,2017_15.txt,NO3RR,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Environmental Science & Technology/2025_1.txt,allv2,2025_1.txt,NO3RR,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Environmental Science & Technology/2025_2.txt,groundtruth,2025_2.txt,We,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Environmental Science & Technology/2021_15.txt,ave_2,2021_15.txt,train11Science Signaling,2007_413,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Signaling/2007_413.png,A,"COVER This week features a  Perspective on the effects of adenylyl cyclase 5 signaling on cardiac hypertrophy and other disorders associated with aging. [Image: David M. Allen, Purdue University]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/2007_413.txt,groundtruth,2007_413.txt,"ONLINE COVER This week features a Research Resource that presents the phosphoproteomic analysis of hearts from mice treated with combinations of drugs targeting specific β-adrenergic receptors (βARs). In addition to identifying previously uncharacterized peptides and sites phosphorylated in response to β1AR signaling, this analysis may help in understanding the mechanisms underlying the development of heart diseases. The image shows an artist's depiction of the human heart and circulatory system. [Image: Sebastian Kaulitzki/iStockphoto]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/6_278.txt,allv2,6_278.txt,"ONLINE COVER This week, Coulis et al. report that oxidation of the protein tyrosine phosphatase PTP1B alters microRNA processing to promote thyroid hormone–induced cardiac hypertrophy. The image shows how cardiomyocyte-specific deficiency of PTP1B exacerbates cardiac hypertrophy triggered by pressure overload. Credit: Coulis et alMAC_Bench/Science Signaling",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/15_730.txt,sbert,15_730.txt,"COVER This week's issue features a Review about NAADP and how it contributes to calcium signaling. The image is a crystal of the CD38 protein bound to NAD, the NAADP precursor. [Image: Christopher Bickel, AAAS]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/1_44.txt,multiBv1,1_44.txt,train12ACS ES&T Air,2025_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS ES&T Air/2025_2.png,D,An inverse modeling approach is developed to refine emission inventories and enhance air quality prediction by a combined use of PM2.5 data measured by a high-grade accurate instrument in the US embassy with low-cost PurpleAir sensor data from citizens for such developing countries as in Ethiopia where a national air quality observation network does not exist. Image generated by DALL·E 3 (OpenAI) and modified using Clip Studio.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Air/2024_9.txt,allv2,2024_9.txt,"This study illustrates the molecular composition of organic aerosols collected in the Houston, Texas region using direct sampling interfaced with high-resolution mass spectrometry. This study highlights the episodic prevalence and day/nighttime distribution of organosulfates and organonitrates enriched species.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Air/2024_3.txt,ave_2,2024_3.txt,"With positive matrix factorization techniques, sea spray aerosol can be distinguished from secondary marine aerosol. The cover photo, courtesy of Chaosheng Zhang, shows breaking waves over the west coast of Ireland.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Air/2024_6.txt,ave_3,2024_6.txt,Computational models of atmospheric composition do not always make scientifically trustworthy predictions. This is especially true for machine learning and AI tools that learn patterns from data without knowing the physical laws governing those patterns. We introduce a corrective approach that minimally adjusts the predicted concentrations of chemical species to guarantee conservation of mass.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Air/2025_2.txt,groundtruth,2025_2.txt,train13Trends in Cancer,10_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Cancer/10_9.png,D,"Fast advances in cancer genomics and immunology challenge traditional paradigms in14clinical oncology. On pages 101–109 in this issue, Subbiah and Kurzrock discuss the15shift from on-size-fits-all therapies to customized drug combinations, and why future16cancer research and practice models must adapt innovative, precise and personalized17patient-centric approaches. Cover design by iStock/DrAfter123.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cancer/4_12.txt,allv2,4_12.txt,"The move towards effective personalized cancer targeted therapy relies on the wise18application of genomics but also on a comprehensive understanding of tumor biology.19On pages 19–27 in this issue, Allegrezza and Conejo-Garcia discuss the effects of20targeted drugs on anti-tumor immunity; on pages 28–38, Yoshihama et al. evaluate the potential of targeting NLRC5/CITA to boost immunotherapies; on pages2139–55, Knudsen and Witkiewicz debate a more precise use of CDK4/6 inhibitors; and22on pages 56–71, Colak and ten Dijke review the complexities of targeting TGF-β in23cancer. Cover design by Imdat As.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cancer/3_12.txt,multiBv1,3_12.txt,"Chemokines mediate immune cell trafficking and have been shown to24exert both pro- and antitumorigenic functions in the tumor microenvironment. New25strategies are being tested to utilize chemokines and chemokine receptors to improve26immunotherapies. In this issue, Märkl et al. review recent advances in applying or27targeting chemokines in monotherapy or in combination therapies for the treatment28of cancer. The cover depicts immunotherapy strategies (pied piper) using chemokines29(orange and yellow circles) to attract cells expressing specific chemokine receptors30(mice31with chemokine receptors) to exert antitumorigenic effects and improve immunotherapy32efficacy. Cover design by Danielle Loughlin and adapted with permission from33gettyimages/Dynamic Graphics, 2007.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cancer/8_5.txt,ave_3,8_5.txt,"In the evolving era of cancer immunotherapy, combination strategies34are becoming ever more effective in overcoming challenges associated with PD-135monotherapy. In this issue, Hashimoto et al. discuss the potential of PD-1/IL-236combination regimen in enhancing anti-cancer therapy efficacy through shaping the37differentiation trajectory of CD8 T cells, thereby impacting their exhaustion program.38The cover depicts an effector CD8 T cell (upper right), generated by PD-1 blockade39and40IL-2 therapy, effectively finding and killing malignant cells (lower left). The cover41image42was created by Mie Yoshimura.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cancer/10_9.txt,groundtruth,10_9.txt,test43Nature Protocols,19_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Protocols/19_10.png,D,"Human blood vessel organoid44Confocal image of a blood vessel organoid derived from human pluripotent stem cells, immunostained with CD31 to visualize endothelial networks (cyan) and PDGFR-b to label pericytes (magenta).45See Wimmer et al.46Image: Reiner Wimmer. Cover Design: Art Editor Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Protocols/14_2.txt,allv2,14_2.txt,"Human neurons in culture47Image of human striatal organoids that are derived from pluripotent stem cells in vitro and can be integrated with cortical cells to form cortico-striatal assembloids.48See Miura et al.49Image: Sergiu P. Pașca, Stanford University. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Protocols/17_12.txt,ave_3,17_12.txt,"Neural assembloids50A fluorescent image of a 3D human cortical spheroid (hCS) derived from induced pluripotent stem cells that was plated on a glass coverslip and immunostained with antibodies against MAP2 (neurons; green), GFAP (glial lineage cells; purple) and DAPI (nucleiI, blue).51See Sloan et al.52Image: Image taken from the protocol by Sloan et al. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Protocols/13_4.txt,ave_2,13_4.txt,"Studying human brain vascular cells with single-cell transcriptomics and organoids53Human brain vascular cells, including endothelial and mural cells, can be purified with FACS and used in many downstream applications, including cell culture, transcriptomics and organoid transplants. This image shows vascular cells labeled with GFP and transplanted on top of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cortical organoids. See Crouch et al. p60354Image : Elizabeth Crouch, University of California San Francisco. Cover design: S. Whitham",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Protocols/19_10.txt,groundtruth,19_10.txt,train55ACS Materials Letters,2025_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Materials Letters/2025_1.png,B,"The illustration is an artistic representation of the abundance of chirality in nature, including the compound (R-/S-MBA)2CuBr4 reported in this issue. It depicts how the pronounced chirality of the organic molecule (R-/S-MBA) is abundantly transferred to the inorganic units, CuBr4. Chiral MBA rotates these nearly isolated 0D CuBr4 in successive layers via hydrogen bonding and electronic interactions, giving rise to a screw axis in the system. Interestingly, the nearly 0D inorganic units within the same layer weakly interact with each other through short Br",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Letters/2023_7.txt,allv2,2023_7.txt,A host–guest approach is developed for the induction of chiral luminescence in a series of achiral porphyrin nanostructures through their co-assembly with chiral gelators. Modulating specific interactions between the host and guest helped achieve intense chiral emission with desired handedness.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Letters/2025_1.txt,groundtruth,2025_1.txt,"A high-performance nanogenerator coupling pore dipole effect, triboelectric effect, and piezoelectric effect is developed through nanoporous poly(vinylidene fluoride)/BaTiO3 composite electrospun fibers, which exhibits great potential in biomechanical energy harvesting and self-powered sensing.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Letters/2022_8.txt,multiBv1,2022_8.txt,Stimuli-responsive programmability in the luminescence and mechanical properties of the single crystals of a pyrene-functionalized naphthalidenimine is reported. Chemical inputs such as Cu(II) ions and acid vapors led to changes in luminescence and mechanical flexibility of single crystals which were utilized to perform molecular logic operations.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Letters/2022_1.txt,sbert,2022_1.txt,train56Nature Microbiology,9_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Microbiology/9_2.png,A,"Best practices in microbiology57Best practices in microbiology range from learning sterile techniques or streaking your bacterial strain of choice, to defining frameworks to facilitate data sharing. These practices guide us towards more robust, reproducible, ethical and sustainable science and facilitate major advances. This month’s focus issue features a set of Perspectives that discuss best practices for microbiome research, specifically synthetic communities and the design of clinical trials for probiotics and prebiotics. To accompany the issue, we present a Series hosting an evolving collection of articles that will expand over time to highlight tools, frameworks and resources that push us towards better microbiology research.58See Editorial59Image and cover design: Debbie Maizels",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Microbiology/9_2.txt,groundtruth,9_2.txt,"Macroecology patterns in microbiomes60Using a macroecological approach and human and murine gut microbiota datasets, the authors show that these complex microbial communities display similar quantitative relationships to those observed in other systems, including the identification of specific taxa that are impacted by environmental change.61See Vitkup, D. et al.62Image: Ella Maru Studio and Dennis Vitkup. Cover Design: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Microbiology/5_8.txt,ave_2,5_8.txt,"Focus on microbial ecology63Microbes and viruses are abundant across terrestrial, freshwater and marine systems, and their behaviours have a profound influence on biogeochemical cycling, the climate, plant and agricultural productivity, and human and animal health. However, our understanding is plagued by unknowns regarding the nature of microbial interactions, the evolution and diversity of these communities, and best practices for studying and conceptualizing the complex dynamics of this unseen majority. This month’s focus issue features a set of Reviews, Perspectives and commentary that span microbial ecology from the organismal to the global scales, shining a light on the research questions that will guide the field.64See Editorial65Image and cover design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Microbiology/9_5.txt,multiBv1,9_5.txt,"Functional fluctuations in faecal flora66Longitudinal metagenomic and metatranscriptomic analyses of human faecal microbiomes reveal similar strain-level variation within and between individuals and allow dynamic functional variation to be tracked.67See Mehta et al. and Abu-Ali et al.68Image: Jason Lloyd-Price. Cover Design: Samantha Whitham.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Microbiology/3_10.txt,allv2,3_10.txt,test69Trends in Biochemical Sciences,49_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/49_7.png,D,"Although we aim to understand the molecular underpinnings of cellular signalling events,70inconsistencies and discord abound in the published literature. Do our in vitro experiments71and in silico modelling efforts accurately capture the nature of in vivo events? How72can we best make biochemical sense of the biological world? On pages 471–482 of this73issue, Toby Gibson outlines conserved features of cellular signalling events, and74discusses how this knowledge might facilitate experimental design and interpretation.75Cover design by Philip Patenall.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/34_3.txt,multiBv1,34_3.txt,"On pages 472–483 of this issue of Trends in Biochemical Sciences, Drs. Goodsell, Olson, and Forli provide an update, almost thirty years in the making,76of how structural information can be integrated with light microscopy and -omics data,77among others, to depict the cellular mesoscale. This is the level at where one can78observe how individual molecular components come together and interact in living systems.79For example, on the cover, the cytoplasm-to-vacuole targeting pathway is illustrated.80Cover image designed by Dr. Goodsell, in collaboration with Daniel Klionsky.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/45_7.txt,ave_2,45_7.txt,"Intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) are prevalent across the kingdoms of life81and exist in a collection of structurally interconverting states known as an ensemble.82Because such ensembles lack an extensive network of intramolecular contacts, their83physical dimensions are inherently sensitive to changes in their physiochemical environment84(e.g., pH, temperature, and chemical composition). On pages 1019–1034, the Sukenik85and Holehouse labs discuss how the unique sensitivity of disordered regions may allow86them to function as sensors of cellular state. Cover image by Alex Holehouse.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/48_1.txt,allv2,48_1.txt,"Osmotic stress conditions cause changes in the physicochemical87properties of the cellular environment, including macromolecular crowding. Recent88progress has shed light on how cells sense such environmental perturbations (e.g.89temperature, pH, and crowding). On pages 480–493 in this issue, Meneses-Reyes et al.90discuss how intrinsically disordered regions in proteins can sense macromolecular91crowding in plants and provide a tool guide for tracking macromolecular crowding in92living cells. Cover image by Cesar Cuevas-Velazquez, inspired by Mexican seed art.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/49_7.txt,groundtruth,49_7.txt,train93Cell Chemical Biology,31_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Chemical Biology/31_11.png,C,"On the cover: Chemical biology has made significant contributions to cancer research.94In recognition of this, we decided to focus our special issue on cancer chemical biology95and on the efforts that have led to the range of small molecules and platforms that96are making a difference in both clinical practice and basic cancer biology. Therefore,97all of the topics we selected for this special issue revolve around the idea of chemical98biology as a driver of technology development and as a strategy that helps us to better99understand basic cancer biology. The cover design captures our keen interest in cancer100chemical biology as a magnifying glass that can bring cancer cell biology into focus.101Cover credit: iStock/vitanovski.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/24_4.txt,allv2,24_4.txt,"On the cover: Promotion of immune infiltration and activation within the tumor microenvironment102using a tumor-targeting immunostimulant (turquoise peptide-oligo conjugate). In this103issue, Miller et al. (451–462) conjugate an immune-stimulating CpG oligonucleotide104to a unique tumor-targeting peptide that localizes to tumors by binding tumor-associated105integrins (purple receptors). Systemic administration of this tumor-targeted immunostimulant106transforms the tumor immune landscape leading to massive infiltration of T cells (blue107cells) and B cells (purple cells). Cover art by Caitlyn Miller.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/29_10.txt,sbert,29_10.txt,"On the cover: Immune checkpoint blockade mediated by therapeutic antibodies has revolutionized108cancer treatment yet still fails many patients. Xu, Chen, Olszewski, et al. show that shortage of the building blocks (gray and red molecules) for purine synthesis109present a metabolic bottleneck (second gate) for tumor-infiltrating T cells (blue).110One-carbon supplementation in combination with immune checkpoint blockade (first gate)111can overcome these barriers to anti-cancer immunity, leading to durable tumor regressions.112Image courtesy of the authors. 3D models by LucasPresoto, jimbogies, AnshiNoWara NG+,113and ep2au are licensed under Creative Commons Attribution.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/31_11.txt,groundtruth,31_11.txt,"On the cover: After reaching the extracellular environment, the immunotransmitter114cGAMP (yellow/orange/green shapes; left) is degraded into pieces by the enzyme ENPP1115(black jaws). This enzyme activity dampens the STING-mediated innate immune response116to cancer. Guided by a crystal structure, Carozza et al. search for small molecule117inhibitors (geometric puzzle piece shapes; right) that both anchor the catalytic zincs118in ENPP1 and snuggle into the hydrophobic pocket, ultimately succeeding in blocking119ENPP1 activity. These inhibitors delay tumor growth in mice (depicted as tumor growth120curves; background). Original artwork by Daniel Fernandez.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/27_2.txt,multiBv1,27_2.txt,val121ACS Catalysis,2024_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Catalysis/2024_12.png,C,"A nitrogen-anion decorating strategy has been developed to optimize the electrocatalytic activity of metallic CoS2 porous nanowire arrays. The N-CoS2 nanowire/carbon cloth 3D electrode shows significantly enhanced HER performance, highlighting that N-anion engineering plays a vital role in the design of highly efficient HER electrocatalysts.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2017_2.txt,multiBv1,2017_2.txt,"The cover reports a nanoconstrained photocatalyst with encapsulating ultrathin ZnIn2S4 nanosheets into the microporous carbon nanocage. The photocatalyst demonstrates a greatly enhanced water accumulation in the nanoconfined cavity, synergistically increasing chemical water molecule adsorption, leading to the high apparent quantum efficiency in the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2021_3.txt,sbert,2021_3.txt,"A mild photochemical etching strategy was designed to induce nitrogen vacancies at the center of heptazine rings over g-C3N4 holey nanosheets, which enhance CO2 photoreduction via delocalized π electron clouds with tunable electronic structures and mid-gap states.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2024_12.txt,groundtruth,2024_12.txt,"Inspired by thylakoid in chloroplast, a capsular structure is explored as a compatible design strategy to coordinate photocatalysis and biocatalysis for CO2 reduction. The capsular structure, or “artificial thylakoid”, compartmentalizes the photo-generated holes with enzymes, and transfers photo-generated electrons to enzymes through NADH, thus enabling superior sustainability and high efficiency of the artificial photosynthesis process.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2019_8.txt,allv2,2019_8.txt,train122Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research,2024_43,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_43.png,B,"Lignin model compounds (p-hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid, and syringic acid) and hardwood and softwood lignin samples were oxidized using hydrogen peroxide oxidation to evaluate methoxy substituents' effect in C4-DCA production (succinic, maleic, fumaric, malic, and tartaric acids).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2021_43.txt,sbert,2021_43.txt,"Phenolation is introduced as a simple yet very efficient modification strategy to improve the reactivity of hydrolysis lignin, resulting in better-defined bioaromatic fractions that are suitable for the",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_43.txt,groundtruth,2024_43.txt,"The catalytic HDC is a technically viable and inexpensive process for the treatment of 4-chloro 2-amino phenol bearing contaminated water into a reusable product, 2-amino phenol.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2022_13.txt,multiBv1,2022_13.txt,"High-purity and high-quality lignins were obtained from optimized ethanol organosolvent. Sugarcane bagasse is an excellent source of lignin for application in material science because of its high lignin recovery, purity, thermal stability, and the presence of reactive sites for polymerization in the aromatic ring.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2022_41.txt,allv2,2022_41.txt,val123Trends in Genetics,40_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Genetics/40_12.png,A,"With distinct surface and cave ecotypes, the fish Astyanax mexicanus is a powerful model to study the genetic basis of adaptation to new environments.124In this issue, Nicolas Rohner and colleagues summarize recent advances in A. mexicanus genetics and discuss how this model is yielding broader insights into the genetic125basis of adaptation and evolution. Image credit: Jennifer Idol/Stocktrek Images (Getty126Images).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Genetics/40_12.txt,groundtruth,40_12.txt,"Clytia hemispharica is emerging as a promising experimental model for studies in development127and evolution. In this issue, Forêt et al. (pp. 154–158) discuss the relative importance128of ancestral and novel genes in the emergence of cnidarian traits, while Houliston129et al. (pp. 159–167) introduce Clytia as a new model organism for developmental genetic130studies. The cover image shows an adult C. hemispharica jellyfish, measuring about1311cm in diameter. Image credit: Tsuyoshi Momose.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Genetics/26_9.txt,sbert,26_9.txt,"Population genetic models typically show a paradigm of slow molecular evolution; however,132more recent studies have painted a different picture showing that phenotypic traits133can often change dramatically over the course of only a few generations. On pages134408–418 in this issue, Messer et al. report on how new techniques and research in understanding rapid evolution are helping135to refine current population genetic models. The cover image shows variation among136chiclid fish. Image courtesy of iStockPhoto/tittos.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Genetics/32_6.txt,allv2,32_6.txt,"In this issue: Genomic resources and profound ecological knowledge137make Littorina snails useful models for speciation studies. Ecotypes and closely related138species adapted to different rocky-shore environments form hybrid zones where139reproductive isolation can be investigated. In this issue, Kerstin Johannesson and140co-authors141show that evolution of reproductive isolation can take different paths and is best142analysed using multi-dimensional frameworks. Contrary to expectations they suggest143that ecotype formation rarely leads to new species and that chromosomal inversions144play a greater role in local adaptation than in completion of reproductive isolation.145Illustration by Patrik Larsson.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Genetics/40_9.txt,multiBv1,40_9.txt,train146Nature Food,5_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Food/5_2.png,C,"Urban agriculture147Urban food systems still rely almost entirely on imported goods and services. The acceleration of urbanization is therefore expected to place greater demands on resources that are already strained by shifting land use, rising inequalities and climate change. Urban agriculture represents a promising lever to reduce this pressure while inducing a broader transformative change towards urban resilience and sustainability. Scaling up urban agriculture will need to address diversity, heterogeneity, connectivity, spatial synergies and trade-offs, nonlinearity, scale and polycentricity. This transition could prompt the decentralization of urban food supplies, bolster ecosystem services, mitigate transboundary environmental footprints and advance urban resilience. Multi-phase developmental pathways, including dynamics, accelerators and feedback associated with scaling up urban agriculture, should be considered in support of food security for the growing urban population.148See Qiu et al.149Image: Lim Weixiang - Zeitgeist Photos/E+/Getty. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Food/5_12.txt,multiBv1,5_12.txt,"Structural and farm-level innovation for sustainable pork in China150Pork supply in China is expected to increase between 2017 and 2050, as population and pork consumption per capita increases. Almost 90% of pork will be produced by medium and large farms, and this intensification will increase the cropland use per kilogram of pork and the footprints of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorous. The contribution of pork and the environmental impact from small farms will decrease over time. Structural interventions can address negative impacts of this transition, including through relocation of production across regions, international trade and demand-side adjustments. Farm-level technical measures to reduce the environmental impact of pork production include the use of feed additives, low-protein feeding, anaerobic digestion and improved manure management. Scenarios of structural adjustment and farm-level technical measures are modelled to support sustainability of the pork supply chain in China to 2050.151See Tong et al.152Image: Wolfgang Kaehler / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Food/4_12.txt,allv2,4_12.txt,"Cultivated meat techno-economic analyses153Cultivated meat could provide dietary protein with lower resource use than conventional beef production. Current techno-economic analyses exploring scaled-up production adopt different assumptions and processing approaches. Scale-up feasibility is likely to depend on the use of plant-based components to save costs on cell culture media, developing sustainable food-grade aseptic conditions and extensive scaling of related supply chains. Technological advancements need to address serum-free differentiation, new bioreactor designs, media recycling and valorization, and facility design that can support large-scale production.154See Shirwaiker et al.155Image: Jochen Tack / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Food/5_2.txt,groundtruth,5_2.txt,"Agricultural by-products for feed156Global consumption of animal-sourced foods must decrease if more sustainable food systems are to be achieved. Yet, projections suggest that the demand for livestock products will continue to grow over the next half-century. Strategies to curb the demand for crop-based feed are therefore key to reduce environmental impacts and free up land and water resources for agricultural production for human consumption. The replacement of some substitutable feed crops with available agricultural by-products, such as cereal bran, sugar beet pulp, molasses, distiller’s grains and citrus pulp, is one of these strategies. Replacing 11–16% of energy-rich feed crops (that is, cereals and cassava) with agricultural by-products is estimated to save approximately 15–27 Mha of land, as well as 3–19 km3 and 74–137 km3 of blue and green water, respectively.157See Govoni et al.158Image: Design Pics Inc / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Food/4_1.txt,ave_2,4_1.txt,train159Cell Reports Methods,4_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Reports Methods/4_8.png,B,"On the cover: In this issue, Shinde et al. present CMI-PB, a data resource and challenge contest to develop computational models160predicting vaccine responses. The cover image draws inspiration from the “blind man161and elephant” parable, showing blindfolded scientists each bringing their own expertise162to solve a multifaceted systems biology problem represented by the elephant and involving163the multi-omics datatypes represented at the top. Courtesy: Unsplash (Wolfgang Hasselmann)164and BioRender.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Methods/4_10.txt,allv2,4_10.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Kim et al. combine a black box optimizer with a white box logical model to create a gray box165framework for predicting anti-cancer drug responses. The cover image depicts silver166cubes representing the gray box framework. Cover image courtesy gettyimages/Iana Kunitsa.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Methods/4_8.txt,groundtruth,4_8.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Hall et al. introduce the MAP (migration analysis of peripheral immune cells) chip, a microfluidic167platform for live, single-cell profiling of immune cell migration in response to a168variety of stimuli. The cover image depicts tracking of human monocytes (multicolored)169navigating through the chemotactic maze microchannels in the MAP chip and is courtesy170of Alice Tsai and Mehdi Jorfi.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Methods/4_4.txt,sbert,4_4.txt,"On the cover: The cover image illustrates MMoCHi, a supervised machine learning framework171for cell-type classification of multimodal, single-cell genomics and spatial profiling172data developed by Caron et al. The colored layers and corresponding cell drawings represent different modalities173(e.g., morphology, protein, mRNA), with the bottom row showing the final, classified174form. The images at the bottom are micrographs of lymph nodes, with the colored annotations175from MMoCHi on the right. Credit: Daniel P. Caron.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Methods/5_1.txt,ave_2,5_1.txt,train176NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY,23_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/23_9.png,B,"Avidity in antibody drug design, inspired by the Review on p715.177Cover design: S. Harris",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/21_3.txt,allv2,21_3.txt,"The bispecific antibody landscape, inspired by the Review on p301.178Cover design: S. Harris",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/23_9.txt,groundtruth,23_9.txt,"Antibodies to combat viral infections, inspired by the Review on p676.179Cover design: S. Harris",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/21_4.txt,ave_3,21_4.txt,"Antibody–drug conjugates in cancer, inspired by the Review on p641.180Cover design: S. Harris",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/22_5.txt,ave_2,22_5.txt,train181Cell Reports Physical Science,5_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Reports Physical Science/5_11.png,D,"On the cover: The cover, crafted by Guiyi Zhou, encapsulates the research of Xu et al. on leveraging advanced AI to transform polymeric gas separation membrane design.182It portrays a “polymer universe,” where dynamic interlocking yellow tracks represent183the complex polymer chains within an amorphous system. Shimmering stars scattered184throughout illustrate the gas molecules, emphasizing the focus on improving gas separation185efficiency. The spacecraft navigating this universe symbolizes the accelerating influence186of AI in propelling innovations in membrane technology.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Physical Science/5_6.txt,multiBv1,5_6.txt,"On the cover: Liang et al. explore machine learning in the field of materials science187by predicting polymer compatibility. In the cover image, a plant with neural network188roots is depicted and being watered with molecules representing nutrients. The sun189is rising in the background, indicating the potential of machine learning for materials190science exploration. Image created by Zhilong Liang, Yuxuan Zhu, Yichun Liu, et al.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Physical Science/3_7.txt,allv2,3_7.txt,"On the cover: Spider webs dissipate a tremendous amount of kinetic energy during prey191capture. Zou et al. implement the sacrificial bonds and hidden lengths toughening192mechanism found in spider silk into a transparent composite via instability-assisted1933D printing. High-optical transmittance and impact energy dissipation are demonstrated.194Image by Shibo Zou.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Physical Science/1_2.txt,sbert,1_2.txt,"On the cover: Week after week, technology companies unveil new AI tools that increasingly195resemble humans. The activity of humans and scientists is becoming more and more influenced196by AI. Fazio et al. propose a multiscale data-driven strategy for hierarchical physical phenomena that197keeps scientists as main players. Explicit analytical relationships to be easily interpreted198are deduced, enabling a continuous interaction between data modelling and scientific199knowledge. Spider silk is considered as an explicit proof of concept. The cover graphic200was designed by Federica Fazio.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Physical Science/5_11.txt,groundtruth,5_11.txt,val201Biophysical Journal,124_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Biophysical Journal/124_3.png,B,"Cover picture: The cover depicts the mechanical probing of nuclei isolated from malignant cancer202cells. Local deformation of the nuclear membrane, the underlying lamina, and the associated203heterochromatin all potentially contribute to the measured elasticity. The modulus204is shown to decrease with a reduction in the expression of Heterochromatin Protein2051α in the cell from which the nuclei is extracted.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Biophysical Journal/120_12.txt,allv2,120_12.txt,"Cover picture: Inhibition of the Brahma-related gene (BRG1) motor in the Brg/Brm-associated factor206chromatin remodeling complex stiffens the nucleus, preventing its transition from207an oblate shape in substrate-attached cells to a spherical shape in plasma-membrane-enclosed208karyoplasts upon isolation. When fibroblasts with active BRG1 are exposed to gentle209centrifugal forces, they lose most of their nuclei, leaving behind nucleus-free cytoplasts.210In contrast, when the BRG1 motor is inhibited (as shown in this image), the same centrifugal211force leaves behind mostly intact cells and fewer cytoplasts (actin cytoskeleton stained212in green), with their nuclei (blue) unable to emerge from the cell during the centrifugation process. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2024.11.3322.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Biophysical Journal/124_3.txt,groundtruth,124_3.txt,"Cover picture: Schematic representation of a Rac1-PAK1 AFM-based SMFS pulling experiment setup213in which PAK1 (black colored protein) is functionalized on AFM tip and Rac1 (blue-214to red-colored protein, according to dynamical changes) is immobilized on the surface.215The correlation map on the bottom represents how we project the changes in the dynamic216cooperativity of Rac1 upon mutations by MD simulations. Overall, the authors incorporate217the computational prediction of intrinsic dynamics of Rac1 with the AFM-based observations218on Rac1’s unbinding mechanics from PAK1.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Biophysical Journal/120_20.txt,sbert,120_20.txt,"Cover picture: Yes-associated protein (YAP) nuclear localization with both passive and active nuclear219transport with increasing nuclear curvature in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). MSCs220stained with anti-YAP antibody (red) and Hoechst nuclear label (blue) are confined221on fibronectin line patterns with different thicknesses. MSCs treated with a combination222of importazole (inhibits active nuclear transport) and cyclohexanediol (dilates nuclear223pores and increases passive nuclear transport) show high nuclear YAP on thin patterns224(1.5 μm) and low nuclear YAP on thick patterns (8 μm). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2024.04.008.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Biophysical Journal/123_15.txt,ave_2,123_15.txt,train225Nature Structural & Molecular Biology,31_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/31_7.png,C,"RPA in action226Bulk and single-molecule fluorescence analyses reveal the dynamics of RPA DNA-binding domains during homologous recombination.227See Pokhrel, Caldwell et al.  26 , 129–136 (2019)228Image: Xuanyu Han/Moment/Getty. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/26_11.txt,multiBv1,26_11.txt,"PDB 50th anniversary: celebrating the future of structural biology229In honour of the 50th anniversary of the Protein Data Bank, we and our colleagues at Nature Methodspresent a special online Collection that celebrates the past and future of structural biology.230See Editorial231Image: Cross-section through a B-cell showing release of antibodies. Illustration by David S. Goodsell, The Machinery of Life, published 2009 by Springer Nature. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/28_8.txt,allv2,28_8.txt,"A proteomics atlas of citrullination232Rebak et al. use proteomics to establish an expansive atlas of protein citrullination and implicate certain citrullinated sites as potentially clinically relevant in rheumatoid arthritis. Citrulline was initially discovered in watermelons.233See Rebak et al.234Image: THEPALMER / E+ / Getty images. Cover design: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/31_7.txt,groundtruth,31_7.txt,"A comprehensive proteomics screen reveals that the m6A RNA modification attracts and repels factors that control mammalian mRNA homeostasis. Cover by Erin Dewalt, image from Yon Marsh / Alamy Stock Photo. (p 870)",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/24_3.txt,sbert,24_3.txt,train235ACS Applied Polymer Materials,2024_20,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_20.png,C,Water-soluble spiropyran copolymers retain a photoresponsive feature in response to UV and visible light in pure water. The introduction of a methoxy functional group provides additional binding sites for metal ion complexation.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_24.txt,multiBv1,2024_24.txt,"A carbon-based heterogeneous photoinitiator composed of a graphite nitride carbon (g-C3N4) and borates was reported. By incorporating the electron transferring between the UV-excited g-C3N4 and borates, this system exhibits good photoinduced initiating ability and enables effective photopolymerization of acrylates.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_10.txt,sbert,2024_10.txt,The combination of a strong electronegative effect and the hydrophobic feature of –CF3 as well as the increase of free volume contributes to the improved energy capability of the FPI film.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_20.txt,groundtruth,2024_20.txt,"-conjugated polymer films with orientation factors of ~0.9, large homogeneous areas (2 × 3 cm2), low roughness (50 nm), high strength (30 MPa), and excellent reproducibility (~96%). Herein, mechanistic investigations determine the velocities of the polymer-chain orientation, conformational change, and C–C bond elongation during iSOFT processing.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2022_2.txt,allv2,2022_2.txt,val236Cell Chemical Biology,32_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Chemical Biology/32_1.png,C,"On the cover: Tengu, a dog-like creation in ancient Chinese tales, was believed to237eat the sun, leading to the elimination of sunshine, and subsequently bringing illness238to folks. Croppi et al. discover that an FDA-approved drug inhibits the enzymatic239activity of bacterial 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase in the living environment240(depicted as a color change in the river), suppresses the production of bacteria-generated241H2S gas (the cloud and the Tengu), elevates ROS (the sun and sunshine), and eventually242kills the bacteria. Cover art by Fang Wu (Shanghai Jiao Tong University).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/27_1.txt,allv2,27_1.txt,"On the cover: The image is a falsely colored electron micrograph showing E. coli cells treated with a recently developed multimodal host defense peptidomimetic. Jahnsen243et al, pp. 1286–1295, report that the host defense peptidomimetic fights Gram-negative244bacteria in a multifunctional manner and that bacterial killing takes place as a result245of the combined effects of membrane perturbation and targeting of intracellular components.246This complex mode of action is less likely to confer resistance development in E. coli compared to the major classes of antibiotics in current use. The compound also exhibits247desirable antibacterial activity against microbial biofilm communities, and has appropriate248immunomodulatory activity. All these beneficial properties suggest that this host249defense peptidomimetic has high potential as a future anti-infective drug.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/20_3.txt,multiBv1,20_3.txt,"On the cover: Sharma et al. describe the chemical interplay between the gut microbiota and host circadian physiology250via the epigenetic circuit. Members of the gut microbiota fine-tune host functions251(yellow bacterium and pink intestinal epithelial cells), synthesize host-sensed metabolites252(orange bacterium and orange-yellow receptor), interact with intestinal epithelium253and immune cells (blue, dark green, and light green bacterium and light-orange immune254cell), and can harm the host (purple bacterium). Cover art by Samskrathi Aravinda255Sharma.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/32_1.txt,groundtruth,32_1.txt,"On the cover: Bacterial respiration is the primary pathway to produce energy, coupling256with the electron transport chain (ETC) to transfer electrons. Targeting the ETC leads257to energy depletion and bacterial death. In this cover by Li et al., bacteria are depicted as the glowing light bulbs equipped with electrical circuits.258Antibacterial compounds block electron transfer leading to bacterial death, which259is like interruption of circuits causing the lights to turn off. Hence, targeting260the ETC is an attractive strategy to discover antibiotics. Image credit: Kui Zhu and261Qian Li.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/31_2.txt,sbert,31_2.txt,train262Journal of the American Chemical Society,2024_17,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_17.png,C,"A ligand-receptor-anchored nanopore is designed that mimics natural structural adaptability and favorable orientation of the ligand. It facilitates real-time mapping of multivalent binding pathways and kinetics in native states at the single monomeric subunit level, providing a new tool for high-throughput screening of antibodies or drugs.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_11.txt,allv2,2024_11.txt,"Surface specific peptides guide the large-scale assembly of Pt cubic nanocrystals in hierarchical order. Individual turn-structure peptide molecules specifically adsorbed on Pt{100} facets transform into β-sheet assembly when coming together, guiding the cubic nanocrystals to organize into 1D and 2D assemblies. See Huang and co-workers, DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b08023. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2019_48.txt,multiBv1,2019_48.txt,"A long polypeptide chain, exceeding 700 amino acids, is propelled through a protein nanopore. Phosphorylation-specific binders, when bound to the translocating peptide, create unique signatures that enable the detection of phosphoserine sites over 250 residues apart within a single chain. [Cover by",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_17.txt,groundtruth,2024_17.txt,"“Molecular glues” stabilize protein complexes. Here, a disulfide-bound fragment leads to a 40-fold stabilization in the binding of the adaptor protein to a phosphopeptide derived from the C-terminus of an estrogen receptor. Disulfide trapping provides a method to screen systematically for molecules that bind at predetermined sites and modulate protein–peptide and protein–protein interactions. See Arkin and co-workers, DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b11658. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2019_44.txt,sbert,2019_44.txt,train263ACS Chemical Neuroscience,2024_13,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2024_13.png,A,The crosstalks between multiple post-translational modifications in the first 17 residues of huntingtin protein differentially modulate its conformation and interaction with various lipid membranes.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2024_13.txt,groundtruth,2024_13.txt,"A cyclic peptide that interacts with Aβ42 enhances the formation of high-molecular-weight Aβ42 aggregates, and in its presence, the interactions of Aβ42 with plasma and mitochondria membranes are weakened. This peptide thus exhibits an inhibitory effect against Aβ42-mediated mitochondrial membrane disruption and reduces Aβ42-mediated apoptosis and death in neuronal cells.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2023_7.txt,sbert,2023_7.txt,Superimposed molecular structures of α-conotoxin Vc1.1 and its analogues (shown in colored ribbon forms) at the α9(+)α9(–) interface binding site of the human α9α10 nAChR. The key pairwise interacting residues are represented by sticks.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2019_3.txt,ave_3,2019_3.txt,The serotonin transporter undergoes complex structural rearrangements to transport neurotransmitters across the cell membrane. Molecular dynamics simulations and Markov state modeling not only provide atomistic resolution of the dynamics involved in substrate transport but also examine how post-translational modifications alter the energetics and conformational dynamics required for transport.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2022_18.txt,allv2,2022_18.txt,train264Nature Chemistry,16_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Chemistry/16_3.png,B,"Out-of-plane conductivity in layered MOFs265Electrically conductive metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) that hold promise for applications in chemical sensing and energy storage are typically layered structures exhibiting in-plane conductivity. Now, Mircea Dincă and co-workers have prepared a series of layered lanthanide MOFs where the charge transport is primarily out-of-plane, perpendicular to the ligand-based sheets (an artistic representation of the anisotropic conductivity is shown on the cover). The conductivity of the materials can be modulated by changing the lanthanide ion which, in turn, affects the interlayer distance.266See Skorupskii et al267IMAGE: Grigorii Skorupskii, MIT COVER DESIGN: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemistry/12_11.txt,ave_3,12_11.txt,"Solid-state superionic conductivity268All-solid-state batteries offer a safer alternative to conventional lithium-ion batteries, but the solid electrolytes necessary to transport lithium ions between electrodes display poor room-temperature conductivities. Now, Jue Liu, Yifei Mo, and Hailong Chen show how a family of electrolyte solids undergo a temperature-triggered transition from low to high conductivities due to collective anion motion. Using the uncovered structure–property relationships, they develop new electrolytes with lower transition temperatures to achieve superionic conductivities at room temperature. The cover shows an artistic representation of lithium-ion movement through the solid-state electrolyte.269See Chen et al.270Image: Phoenix Pleasant / ORNL, U.S. Dept. of Energy. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemistry/16_3.txt,groundtruth,16_3.txt,"Superionic conduction in a polar crystal271Ionic conductors serve as solid electrolytes for fuel cells and batteries, whereas polar crystals such as ferroelectrics and pyroelectrics — which are typically insulating materials — are used in electronic devices. Now, Shin-ichi Ohkoshi and co-workers have prepared a polar crystal that shows superionic conductivity at room temperature. Based on –Fe–N≡C–Mo– units, this three-dimensional anionic network hosts Cs+ cations in every other pore and is also photo-responsive: when irradiated with light, its conductivity significantly decreases (an artistic representation of this characteristic is shown on the cover).272See Ohkoshi et al273IMAGE: Shin-ichi Ohkoshi, The University of Tokyo COVER DESIGN: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemistry/12_9.txt,allv2,12_9.txt,"Kinetic competition in cathode synthesis274Stability issues currently prevent the practical application of nickel-rich layered oxides as cathodes in next-generation lithium batteries. Now, Kang, Park and colleagues have studied the solid-state synthesis of LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 (NCM622) using multiscale in situ techniques and show that kinetic competition between precursor decomposition and lithiation leads to spatially heterogeneous intermediates and the formation of detrimental defects. The image on the cover depicts the heterogeneous intermediates captured during the synthesis of NCM622 from a precursor mixture of transition-metal hydroxides and lithium hydroxides. The lithium atoms are shown as blue spheres, transition-metal atoms (Ni, Co and Mn) as brown spheres, and hydrogen and oxygen atoms are white and red, respectively.275See Park et al.276Image: Younghee Lee / CUBE3D Graphic. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemistry/14_7.txt,ave_2,14_7.txt,train277Cell Host&Microbe,32_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Host&Microbe/32_12.png,A,"On the cover: In this Cell Host & Microbe issue, Yu et al. report that oral administration of Bifidobacterium longum during the perioperative phase of hepatocellular carcinoma treatment significantly278enhances postoperative liver function, extends survival, and reduces hospitalization.279This effect is mediated by the modulation of gut microbiota and metabolites, including2805-hydroxytryptamine, secondary bile acids, and short-chain fatty acids. These factors281collectively promote hepatocyte growth while inhibiting liver fibrosis and inflammation.282Also in this issue Lehmann and colleagues demonstrate that fecal metabolite profiling283can identify liver transplant patients with heightened risk for post-operative infections.284These studies collectively illustrate how the gut-liver axis can impact disease/treatment285outcome. The cover image illustrates this therapeutic intervention's impact on the286liver's healing process, with Bifidobacterium longum playing a central role.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Host&Microbe/32_12.txt,groundtruth,32_12.txt,"On the cover: Mechanisms involved in preventing an excessive inflammatory response287to intestinal microorganisms are critical to maintain mucosal integrity and protect288against diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease. Saha et al. (pp. 147–162) report289that mammalian peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs) protect the host from chemically290induced colitis by promoting the normal balance of bacterial flora and by preventing291damaging production of interferon-γ by NK cells in response to intestinal injury.292The cover shows a cross-section of the colon from a PGRP-deficient mouse with hyperplasia293of the lamina propria, loss of epithelial cells and crypt architecture, ulceration,294and infiltration with inflammatory cells.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Host&Microbe/8_5.txt,sbert,8_5.txt,"On the cover: This special issue features Reviews, Minireviews, and Commentaries that295highlight various aspects of endogenous microbes, including bacteria and viruses,296and how they influence host health and disease. The cover image is designed to capture297the idea that microbiota represent a major hub whose activities affect both host health,298exemplified by immunity and metabolism, and disease, illustrated as cancer and inflammatory299bowel disease (IBD). Please turn to the editorial on pp. 285–286 for details.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Host&Microbe/10_3.txt,allv2,10_3.txt,"On the cover: The cover depicts engraftment of Bifidobacterium longum subspecies infantis (B. infantis) into the gut microbiome when co-administered with human milk oligosaccharides (HMO).300High-level engraftment of B. infantis, depicted here as microbial “seeds” scattered into the intestine, occurs when HMO301is provided as “fertilizer.” In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Button et al. (1523–1538) demonstrate precision microbiome engineering when HMO-fed302B. infantis are introduced into adult, antibiotic-perturbed gut microbiomes. Reproducible changes303include cross-feeding of propionate-producing Veillonella spp. and changes in an array of gut metabolites. Artwork by Jeff McElroy and Rook304Zheng.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Host&Microbe/31_4.txt,multiBv1,31_4.txt,train305Chem & Bio Engineering,2024_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Chem & Bio Engineering/2024_10.png,C,Machine learning methods are used in industrial organic waste gasification to realize the accurate,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chem & Bio Engineering/2025_1.txt,multiBv1,2025_1.txt,"This review highlights recent advances in metal-free peptide stapling, showcasing efficient, selective, and multifunctional stapling strategies to foster innovative ideation among readers.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chem & Bio Engineering/2024_5.txt,allv2,2024_5.txt,Thermal-triggered non-equilibrium transesterification enables on-demand phosphorescence emission. The modulus change of the polymer is visualized on the basis of the intensity of the phosphorescence. 3D printing of multi-material-structured objects with complex shapes is used to achieve information encryption of printings and on-demand regionally emitted multi-colored phosphorescence.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chem & Bio Engineering/2024_10.txt,groundtruth,2024_10.txt,"Cross-linked Phe–Phe-based peptide nanofibers can construct networks and thus form macroscopic supramolecular hydrogels. This work provides a summary of the construction strategies of Phe–Phe-based macroscopic supramolecular hydrogels and lists the represented biomedical applications. In addition, the perspectives and challenges of Phe–Phe-based macroscopic peptide hydrogels are presented.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chem & Bio Engineering/2024_4.txt,sbert,2024_4.txt,train306NATURE ENERGY,9_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE ENERGY/9_8.png,B,"Standing in the wind307Climate change will increase the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events putting energy infrastructure at risk. Bennett et al. develop a methodology to incorporate increasing extreme event risk into energy systems modelling and planning, and estimate the impact of improving grid resilience on the electricity cost for Puerto Rico.308See Bennett et al.309Image: FEMA / Alamy Stock Photo Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE ENERGY/6_10.txt,multiBv1,6_10.txt,"Resilient lines310Hurricane damage leads to power outages and can trigger cascading failures in power grids as they respond to the initial impacts. Stürmer et al. present a dynamic approach to modelling these wind-induced power-line failures that allows them to test the potential effects of line hardening in providing a more resilient power grid.311See Stürmer et al.312Image: Bob Daemmrich / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Thomas Phillips",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE ENERGY/9_8.txt,groundtruth,9_8.txt,"Power grids put to the test313Failures in power distribution grids can affect thousands of customers but understanding their causes remains elusive. Ji et al. analyse large-scale power outage data during both a hurricane and daily operations and find that local failures disproportionally affect non-local regions of grid infrastructure.314See Ji et al. 1, 16052 (2016).315Image: Yun Wei, Henry Mei.Cover design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE ENERGY/1_8.txt,allv2,1_8.txt,"Wildfire resilient grids316Placing power lines underground (undergrounding) may reduce risk of power line-ignited wildfires, but it can come with disproportionately high costs for some neighbourhoods. Wang et al. propose an income-based cost-allocation scheme to minimize and more equitably disperse the costs of power line undergrounding.317See Rajapogal et al.318Image: Rachel Husband / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE ENERGY/8_3.txt,sbert,8_3.txt,train319Trends in Genetics,40_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Genetics/40_9.png,B,"Natural hybridization between closely related taxa is a common phenomenon, both in320plants and in animals. However, the evolutionary dynamics leading to the emergence321of newly adapted genes after hybridization are largely unexplored. On page 54–58 of322this issue, Arne Nolte and Diethard Tautz argue that the identification and analysis323of processes that occur after the first contact deserve specific attention, because324this is when hybrid speciation is most different from other forms of speciation. The325authors discuss the formation of several new species, including sunflowers and sculpins326(or bulheads). Hybridization among sunflower species currently constitutes the best327documented case of homoploid hybrid speciation. The building of canals that connect328European rivers and the fortification of the shores with rocks has triggered a recent329hybridization between the sculpinsCottus rhenanus undCottus perifretum whereby the330hybrid lineage is rapidly colonizing new habitats that were not used by the parental331species. Photo courtesy of PDPhoto.org (http://www.pdphoto.org).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Genetics/26_11.txt,sbert,26_11.txt,"In this issue: Genomic resources and profound ecological knowledge332make Littorina snails useful models for speciation studies. Ecotypes and closely related333species adapted to different rocky-shore environments form hybrid zones where334reproductive isolation can be investigated. In this issue, Kerstin Johannesson and335co-authors336show that evolution of reproductive isolation can take different paths and is best337analysed using multi-dimensional frameworks. Contrary to expectations they suggest338that ecotype formation rarely leads to new species and that chromosomal inversions339play a greater role in local adaptation than in completion of reproductive isolation.340Illustration by Patrik Larsson.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Genetics/40_9.txt,groundtruth,40_9.txt,"Snails are unique in that they naturally produce mirror-image forms without any pathology.341On pages 189–202 in this issue, Angus Davison discusses how mirror-image molluscs342genetics can be an important resource towards understanding invariance asymmetry in343other animals. Snails could hold the key to revealing the common genetic factors that344define cellular and organismal left–right asymmetry. Image credit: Alice Campain (University345of Nottingham)",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Genetics/36_10.txt,allv2,36_10.txt,"With distinct surface and cave ecotypes, the fish Astyanax mexicanus is a powerful model to study the genetic basis of adaptation to new environments.346In this issue, Nicolas Rohner and colleagues summarize recent advances in A. mexicanus genetics and discuss how this model is yielding broader insights into the genetic347basis of adaptation and evolution. Image credit: Jennifer Idol/Stocktrek Images (Getty348Images).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Genetics/40_12.txt,multiBv1,40_12.txt,train349Cell Chemical Biology,31_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Chemical Biology/31_12.png,D,"On the cover: Rehydration and restoration of effective mucociliary clearance in cystic350fibrosis (CF) airways (center), on a background of differentiated human airway epithelial351cells (zona occludens, red; nuclei, blue), used as 3D ex vivo models of CF lung tissue. Inhibition of furin in the trans-Golgi Network (left) by352the highly selective cell-permeable compound BOS-318 (bottom/right) prevents activation353of epithelial sodium channels (ENaC), which serves to rehydrate the airways, preventing354mucus stasis which is associated with the devastating cycles of infection and lung355damage seen in CF. See Douglas et al., pp. 947–957. Image credit: Lorraine Martin,356Lisa Douglas, Nino Campobasso, Jeffrey Axten, and Maggie Truong.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/29_7.txt,sbert,29_7.txt,"On the cover: For Cell Chemical Biology’s 30th anniversary year, we kick off our celebrations with a special issue on RNA357modulation alongside an Editorial, a Q&A from founding editors, and other opinion358pieces from RNA biologists presenting opportunities for targeting RNA. The cover illustrates359the adaptability of RNA molecules, which allow natural and synthetic modulation for360expanded functions. This reflects the topics of the Reviews and Articles within the361special issue describing advances in our understanding of the structural diversity,362function, and regulation of RNA and harnessing this knowledge for therapeutic strategies363against viral infections or cancer. Cover art by Phillip Krzeminski.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/31_15.txt,allv2,31_15.txt,"On the cover: Tracking the pathway of small molecule-induced targeted protein degradation364marks a crucial step for degrader development. Schwalm et al. (753–765) investigated365the different steps of the multi-step ubiquitination cascade that result in efficient366degradation by proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs). For this, degradation efficacy367of diverse PROTACs targeting WDR5 was probed at key steps of the ubiquitin degradation368cascade in living cells, identifying the formation of stable PROTAC-induced ternary369complexes as the most critical step in PROTAC optimization. The cover art illustrates370the PROTAC-induced degradation cascade with a special focus on the ternary complex371formation. Image by Martin P. Schwalm, created with BioRender.com.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/30_6.txt,multiBv1,30_6.txt,"On the cover: Hazawa et al. demonstrate that the formation of biomolecular condensate droplets (transparent bubble)372is promoted by protein-protein interactions between NUP153 (blue protein within bubble)373and the coactivator BRD4 (green protein within bubble). These interactions bring phase-separated374super-enhancer-containing DNA close to mRNA exporters like TPR (green and yellow pores),375promoting mRNA export (purple spirals) and TP63 oncogene expression. Image courtesy376of the authors.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/31_12.txt,groundtruth,31_12.txt,train377Organic Letters,2025_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Organic Letters/2025_5.png,D,"This cover art illustrates a new cascade of thermal radical bond-forming processes involving an Alder-ene reaction followed by a formal 1,7-H shift, Myers–Saito cycloaromatization, and 1,5-hydrogen transfer to form highly functionalized benzo-fused 6-membered rings. This transformation requires thermal activation in the same way as Vietnamese “Bánh Chu’ng, Bánh Tét” that are cooked for the Lunar New Year festival.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Organic Letters/2024_45.txt,allv2,2024_45.txt,visible-light-catalyzed radical tandem cyclization is developed which enables the efficient assembly of divergent tricyclic frameworks and results in the first total synthesis of abietane 10-epi-epoxyhinoliol in only six steps. This cascade resembles a high-speed train which is initiated by green energy and provides fast transportation to the desired destination.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Organic Letters/2024_35.txt,multiBv1,2024_35.txt,"The Chinese character “Chun” on the lantern shows the Spring Festival, which is an occasion of great festivity and reunion. The Chinese character “Fu” behind the structure of CBZ6 illustrates the good vision for the coming Year of the Hare. CBZ6 is as gorgeous as fireworks, which is the traditional custom in Chinese New Year. It provides us with a reliable method for dehalogenation, borylation, and phosphorylation of (hetero)aryl halides. The different kinds of fireworks represent diverse reaction categories, indicating the wide application of CBZ6.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Organic Letters/2023_47.txt,sbert,2023_47.txt,"The cover picture inspired by the Lantern Festival in China. Cyclopropenone and allyl alcohol/olefin are like fireworks, while radicals are like fuses. Their combination and collision can produce",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Organic Letters/2025_5.txt,groundtruth,2025_5.txt,train378Structure,32_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Structure/32_10.png,C,"On the cover: The image shows viral particles of SARS-CoV-2 variants with a close-up379of the spike protein (S) bound to its receptor, human ACE2. Li et al. used cryo-EM to determine the apo S structures and their human ACE2-bound structures380of the newly emerged variants BA.2.86, JN.1, EG.5, EG.5.1, and HV.1. The electrostatic381charge changes and an additional N-glycosylation in BA.2.86 influence its binding382to mAbs. The JN.1 RBD L455S mutation maintains optimal receptor binding and enhances383immune evasion. Image credit: Linjie Li.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Structure/32_5.txt,ave_3,32_5.txt,"On the cover: BK polyomavirus is an emerging, opportunistic pathogen that causes severe384disease in the immunosuppressed. Six distinct quasi-equivalent copies of the VP1 major385structural protein form an asymmetric unit, 60 of which form the T=7d isometric particle,386shown on the cover assembling around the viral genome. Hurdiss et al. (pp. 528) reveal387the density for the N-terminal DNA binding domain of the VP1 protein that allows the388capsid protein to bind to the viral genome during assembly. The location of binding389is shown colored according to chain number. Cover credit: Daniel Hurdiss and Neil390Ranson.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Structure/24_9.txt,sbert,24_9.txt,"On the cover: Pestiviruses bear substantial economic importance within the domain391of viruses affecting livestock. Among them, atypical porcine pestivirus (APPV) and392Norway rat pestivirus (NRPV) exhibit relatively low sequence conservation in their393surface glycoprotein E2. Aitkenhead et al.'s work delves into describing the structures of these proteins. These glycoproteins394serve as the primary target for neutralizing antibodies, and they play crucial roles395in cell attachment and the process of viral fusion. Image courtesy of Kamel El Omari.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Structure/32_10.txt,groundtruth,32_10.txt,"On the cover: Homo-oligomerization of the Ebolavirus virion protein 35 (VP35) is essential396for genome replication and innate immune suppression. In the style of Da Vinci's Vitruvian397man, an iconic Ebola virus particle and the geometric parameters for coiled-coil motifs398are depicted behind the Ebola and Reston virus VP35 oligomerization domain crystal399structures. Helical wheel diagrams superimposed on the tetrameric and trimeric VP35400coiled coils show residues in the hydrophobic core and the outer shell salt-bridge401that are critical for VP35 oligomers assembly. See Zinzula et al., pp. 39–54.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Structure/27_12.txt,allv2,27_12.txt,val402Nature Catalysis,7_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Catalysis/7_4.png,A,"Dispersion control403In their work, L. Robert Baker and colleagues investigate the effects of molecular dispersion of a heterogenized cobalt phthalocyanine on the rate and product selectivity in electrocatalytic CO2 reduction.404See Zhu et al.405Image: Elad Gross and Hadar Shema, Hebrew University, Jerusalem. Cover design: Alex Whitworth.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Catalysis/7_4.txt,groundtruth,7_4.txt,"Factored in CO2 electroreduction406Metal cations are known to influence the performance of the electrochemical reduction of CO2, but their specific role is still unclear. Here, Marc Koper and co-workers investigate the role of alkali cations in CO2 electroreduction onAu, Ag and Cu electrodes with and without metal cations. Based on their results using electrochemical measurements, scanning electrochemical microscopy in the surface-generation tip-collection mode and ab initio molecular dynamics, the authors find that the reaction does not take place without a metal cation.407See Monteiro et al.408Image: Image courtesy of Katrina Goretskaya Cover Design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Catalysis/4_5.txt,sbert,4_5.txt,"Tuned in to CO2 hydrogenation409Structure sensitivity in heterogeneous catalysis is usually apparent from a strong dependence of the catalytic performance on the size of supported nanoparticles. Here, Hensen and co-workers introduce a form of structure sensitivity dependent on the size of the support. By tuning the size of the ceria–zirconia support, cobalt nanoparticles can be supported, achieving the optimum metal–support interaction. A facile oxygen transport is enabled at the corresponding interface, resulting in remarkable CO2 methanation activity.410See Parastaev et al.411Image: Alexander Parastaev, Eindhoven University of Technology. Cover Design: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Catalysis/3_7.txt,multiBv1,3_7.txt,"Super CO2412In their work, Damien Voiry and colleagues employ a CO2 supersaturation strategy to promote electrodeposition of a highly alloyed Cu–Ag catalyst and its subsequent selectivity towards 2-propanol in the electrocatalytic reduction of CO2.413See Qi et al.414Image: Ella Maru Studio. Cover design: Marina Spence.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Catalysis/6_9.txt,allv2,6_9.txt,test415ACS Applied Bio Materials,2024_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2024_11.png,A,Daima and co-workers discuss engineered nanomaterials,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2024_11.txt,groundtruth,2024_11.txt,"In this special issue, guest editors Dr. Md Nurunnabi and Dr. Ryan M. Pearson highlight 15 papers on the latest developments in the field of biomaterials research for immune and gene delivery applications. Front cover art by the team of INMYWORK Studio.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2024_5.txt,multiBv1,2024_5.txt,"The ACS AMI Family “2024 Early Career Forum” highlights groundbreaking research and innovative ideas from the emerging authors in the scientific community on a broad range of topics. This edition of the Forum showcases 135 exceptional contributions from early-career scientists worldwide, published across ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, ACS Applied Bio Materials, ACS Applied Electronic Materials, ACS Applied Engineering Materials, ACS Applied Energy Materials, ACS Applied Nano Materials, ACS Applied Optical Materials, and ACS Applied Polymer Materials.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2024_1.txt,allv2,2024_1.txt,"Recently, metallopolymer nanocomposites have been extensively utilized in drug delivery, tissue engineering, and sensing applications. In our study, a newly designed MnFe2O4@poly(tBGE-alt-PA) composite is synthesized and tested for its toxicity on a fruit fly model. The hybrid nanomaterial did not exhibit neurotoxicity or genotoxicity, and there was no change in phenotypic characters.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2023_10.txt,sbert,2023_10.txt,train416NATURE REVIEWS CANCER,24_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/24_6.png,B,"Lay of the land, inspired by the Review on p541.417Cover design: Lara Crow.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/21_4.txt,sbert,21_4.txt,"Thriving in an inhospitable environment, inspired by the Review on p448.418Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/24_6.txt,groundtruth,24_6.txt,"Writing, editing and reading, inspired by the Review on p413.419Cover design: Lara Crow.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/21_6.txt,allv2,21_6.txt,"‘Breaking the blockade’ inspired by the Review on p133420Cover Design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/19_10.txt,multiBv1,19_10.txt,train421Nature Reviews Neurology,20_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Neurology/20_10.png,B,"A global view of Alzheimer disease genetics, inspired by the Review on p261422Cover design: Philip Patenall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Neurology/19_8.txt,sbert,19_8.txt,"Seizures in Alzheimer disease, inspired by the Review on p162.423Cover design: Philip Patenall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Neurology/20_10.txt,groundtruth,20_10.txt,"Cycles in epilepsy, inspired by the Review on p267.424Cover design: Philip Patenall.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Neurology/17_8.txt,allv2,17_8.txt,"Synaptic degeneration in Alzheimer disease, inspired by the Review on p19.425Cover design: Philip Patenall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Neurology/19_12.txt,multiBv1,19_12.txt,test426Nature Catalysis,8_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Catalysis/8_1.png,A,"Urea solidified427In their work, Xiaolin Zheng and colleagues couple hydrogen peroxide-selective oxygen electroreduction with precipitation of urea from urine resulting in wastewater purification and co-production of the solid nitrogen source percarbamide.428See Shi et al.429Image: Xinjian Shi, Henan University. Cover design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Catalysis/8_1.txt,groundtruth,8_1.txt,"A cloth to unveil ammonia430Conventional gas diffusion electrodes improve transport of gaseous species, but they suffer from electrolyte penetration and flooding when used with non-aqueous solvents. Here, Manthiram and co-workers report a gas diffusion electrode architecture that is compatible with non-aqueous solvents to utilise sparingly soluble gases in electrochemical reactions. These electrodes are used to simultaneously reduce nitrogen and oxidise water-splitting-derived hydrogen to produce ammonia at ambient conditions.431See Lazouski et al.432Image: Nikifar Lazouski, MIT. Cover Design: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Catalysis/3_8.txt,sbert,3_8.txt,"Electrifying regeneration433Lin and co-workers demonstrate that the performance degradation of mixed Ni–Fe hydroxide water oxidation electrocatalysts is due to their segregation into NiOOH and FeOOH phases. The authors find that this process is reversible between the water oxidation and catalyst reduction potentials, and show that the degraded electrocatalysts can be revivified under catalytic operating conditions via an intermittent reduction protocol.434See Lin et al.435Image: Feng Lin, Virginia Tech. Cover Design: Valentina Monaco",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Catalysis/3_4.txt,multiBv1,3_4.txt,"Bias-free ammonia436In their work, Ji-Wook Jang and colleagues couple an efficient lead halide perovskite photocathode for nitrate reduction to a glycerol oxidation anode for bias-free ammonia production with a photocurrent density greater than 20 mA cm–2.437See Tayyebi et al.438Image: CUBE3D Graphic / Younghee Lee. Cover design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Catalysis/7_8.txt,allv2,7_8.txt,train439NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS,25_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/25_2.png,D,"Inspired by the Review on p757.440Cover design: Patrick Morgan.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/22_1.txt,allv2,22_1.txt,"Inspired by the Review on p603.441Cover design: Patrick Morgan",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/25_4.txt,ave_3,25_4.txt,"Inspired by the Review on p350.442Cover design: Patrick Morgan.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/24_7.txt,ave_2,24_7.txt,"Inspired by the Review on p750.443Cover design: Patrick Morgan",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/25_2.txt,groundtruth,25_2.txt,train444Accounts of Materials Research,2024_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Accounts of Materials Research/2024_3.png,D,"Novel superhard materials with exciting potential for applications in cutting tools and abrasives can be designed by combining incompressible transition metals with boron to create phases like WB4, pictured here. Diamond-cell-based high-pressure radial diffraction enables the direct study of lattice specific mechanisms for hardening.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Materials Research/2022_12.txt,multiBv1,2022_12.txt,"Axially stacking distinct nano-objects in a block-by-block manner, forming heteronanostructures termed axially segmented nanowires, offers a route to relax the rule of lattice-matched epitaxy during growth. By steering the synthetic chemoselectivity, one now has the access to high-precision ASNWs with superior properties and functions.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Materials Research/2020_2.txt,sbert,2020_2.txt,"Two-dimensional nanocapillaries assembled by van der Waals technology enable experimental exploration under extreme spatial confinement, helping to reveal nanoconfinement effects on molecular structure and behavior down to the atomic scale.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Materials Research/2023_12.txt,allv2,2023_12.txt,"By intertwining with various physical properties, two-dimensional and interface superconductivity may give rise to diverse emergent quantum phenomena, including quantum Griffiths singularity with superconducting rare regions, bosonic anomalous metallic state modulated by periodic nanohole arrays, Ising superconductivity with large in-plane critical field, interfacial high-temperature superconductivity, interface-induced superconductivity, etc.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Materials Research/2024_3.txt,groundtruth,2024_3.txt,test445ACS Bio & Med Chem Au,2024_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Bio & Med Chem Au/2024_3.png,A,Hwang et al. develop a new sustainable bioproduction platform to generate disulfide-constrained peptide (DCP) and its functionalized analogues. DCPs are targeted to the periplasm in E.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Bio & Med Chem Au/2024_3.txt,groundtruth,2024_3.txt,"For the receptor-binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, the presence of disulfide bonds, prevalent during oxidative stress, creates a conformation ready to bind to the receptor. Reduction of these disulfides leads to a spectacular conformational change, ultimately causing a complete loss of its binding affinity.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Bio & Med Chem Au/2022_6.txt,allv2,2022_6.txt,Photoactive immunofluorescence with iterative cleavage (PACIFIC) enables multiplex protein analysis with sub-cellular resolution. This technology leverages photo-cleavable antibody–fluorophore conjugates and can work with fixed cells as well as formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Bio & Med Chem Au/2023_4.txt,ave_2,2023_4.txt,Targeted protein degradation (TPD) repurposes an endogenous mechanism of proteostasis for therapeutic interventions. We have developed a pharmacodynamic model of the TPD process to help inform the rational development of degraders. The clock inlaid on the cell symbolizes the dependence of degradation efficiency upon the kinetics of the repurposed intracellular process [image by Yunxing (Stella) Li].,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Bio & Med Chem Au/2023_6.txt,multiBv1,2023_6.txt,train446Trends in Cell Biology,34_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Cell Biology/34_9.png,D,"The goal of cell biology is to understand the cellular and molecular underpinnings447that regulate cell function. In order to achieve this goal, scientists have created448a massive set of tools to perturb these processes. Among them is the recent development449of chemical tools such as chemical inhibitors, activity-based probes, chemically tunable450protein tags, unnatural amino acids, and fluorescent detection reagents, which allow451visualization and manipulation of cellular processes. In this issue, Wijdeven et al. (pages 751–760) review the rapidly developing field of chemical biology and discuss452recent techniques that are being applied to a wide variety of questions in cell biology.453Cover art courtesy of iStockPhoto/LifesizeImages.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cell Biology/24_1.txt,allv2,24_1.txt,"Cell biology is a discipline rooted in understanding the basic functions of the cell.454Historically, cell biologists tried to understand the proteins and processes that455regulated cellular function, but as time went on, it became apparent that dysregulation456of many of these processes contributed to various diseases and disorders. In an effort457to foster drug development, scientists have begun to focus their research efforts458on more translational applications by understanding the mechanisms driving disease.459In this special issue, we highlight some of the recent developments in cell biological460research that could ultimately lead to important clinical applications. Cover image461courtesy of ©iStockphoto and adapted by Danielle Loughlin.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cell Biology/23_2.txt,ave_3,23_2.txt,"Cell biology is a discipline rooted in understanding the basic functions of the cell.462Historically, cell biologists tried to understand the proteins and processes that463regulated cellular function, but as time went on, it became apparent that dysregulation464of many of these processes contributed to various diseases and disorders. In an effort465to foster drug development, scientists have begun to focus their research efforts466on more translational applications by understanding the mechanisms driving disease.467In this special issue, we highlight some of the recent developments in cell biological468research that could ultimately lead to important clinical applications. Cover image469courtesy of ©iStockphoto and adapted by Danielle Loughlin.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cell Biology/23_1.txt,ave_2,23_1.txt,"Cell-cell interactions are integral to countless biological processes in the470human body, and artificial control of these interactions would enable advances in471basic472research and therapeutic engineering. Researchers have previously overexpressed473endogenous membrane proteins to induce affinity, which tends to have cross-affinity474and trigger unintended signaling. Several engineered methods, from chemical-based475to peptide-based methods, have recently become available to program intercellular476interactions. On pages 277–287 in this issue, Chao et al., the creators of helixCAM,477discuss where the state of the art is for this growing field, along with key areas478of479development. Additionally, they present potential use cases across developmental480biology, immunology, and neuroscience to encourage scientists to experiment with481and incorporate the ability to control cell-cell interactions into constructing their482model systems.Cover design by Kathryn Kamowski.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cell Biology/34_9.txt,groundtruth,34_9.txt,train483Nature Nanotechnology,19_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Nanotechnology/19_7.png,C,"Action potentials have a central role in the nervous system. Intracellular methods can record these potentials with high signal-to-noise ratios, but they are invasive, whereas extracellular methods suffer from reduced signal strength. In this issue three groups report advances in this field. Lieber and co-workers show that nanowire field-effect transistors can make electrical measurements on biological materials with unprecedented spatial resolution. Cui and colleagues use arrays of vertical nanopillar electrodes to make both intra- and extracellular recordings with excellent signal strength and minimal damage to the cells. And Park and co-workers show that arrays of vertical silicon nanowires can record and stimulate neuronal activity from within mammalian nerve cells, such as the rat cortical cell in this false-colour SEM image, and also study the connections between these cells. The nanowire array is below the cell and cannot be seen in this image (which is 45 μm across).484Letters p174, p180 and p185; News & Views p143485IMAGE: J. T. ROBINSON, M. JORGOLLI, F. FRANKEL AND H. PARK486COVER DESIGN: ALEX WING",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Nanotechnology/7_10.txt,allv2,7_10.txt,"The neuronal membrane progressively collects postsynaptic potential signals from neighbouring neurons and integrates them until a threshold value is reached, resulting in an action potential being fired. Tomas Tuma, Evangelos Eleftheriou and colleagues have now reproduced this integrate-and-fire functionality by means of a single nanodevice working on a typical timescale of a nanosecond. To this end, they exploit the reversible transition between amorphous and crystalline states of chalcogenide-based phase-change materials. These devices display intrinsically stochastic dynamics, analogous to biological neurons, making them extremely appealing for applications in the field of neuromorphic computation.487Article p693; News & Views p655488IMAGE: XVIVO SCIENTIFIC ANIMATION489COVER DESIGN: BETHANY VUKOMANOVIC",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Nanotechnology/11_5.txt,sbert,11_5.txt,"Multiparametric nano-mechanobiology of neurons490The cover image depicts a coloured scanning electron microscopy image of a network of cortical neurons grown on a microelectrode array used for combined force and electrophysiological measurements.491See Muller et al.492Image: M. Oeggerli (Micronaut) 2020–2024, supported by University Hospital Basel (Pathology), Bio-EM Lab, Biozentrum, University Basel, and S. Ronchi and A. Hierlemann, Bio-Engineering Laboratory, D-BSSE, ETH Zurich. Cover design: Debbie Maizels",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Nanotechnology/19_7.txt,groundtruth,19_7.txt,"Machine learning for enhancing nanomedicine permeability493The cover shows a confocal fluorescence microscopy image of a tumour tissue section in the presence of genetically recombinant human ferritin nanocages. Ferritin nanocage particles permeate the tissue through the tumour vasculatures, here visible at individual blood vessels level.494See Zhu et al.495Image: Mingsheng Zhu, Nankai University. Cover design: Amie Fernandez.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Nanotechnology/18_7.txt,multiBv1,18_7.txt,train496Current Biology,35_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Current Biology/35_2.png,B,"On the cover: Severe cold and food scarcity predict a slow response of the Antarctic497benthos to a changing climate. But in this issue, Fillinger and colleagues (pages4981330–1334) show that this prediction does not hold for the Antarctic Peninsula region,499where the recent collapse of the floating Larsen ice shelf has exposed a seafloor500supporting a surprisingly fast-growing population of glass sponges. These archaic501filter feeders provide habitat for a rich community of fish and invertebrates seeking502shelter and food, including brittle stars (white) and feather stars (orange and pink).503Image by Tomas Lundälv.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/23_11.txt,ave_2,23_11.txt,"On the cover: The microscopic fossil ostracod crustacean shown is used as a time machine504to reconstruct past deep-sea ecosystem changes. In this issue, Moriaki Yasuhara, Huai-Hsuan May Huang, Raine Wing Ki Chong, and their colleagues revealed the 500,000-year history of the Southern Ocean deep-sea ecosystem. The researchers505found that the present-day Southern Ocean deep-sea ecosystem was established at a506major climatic transition ∼430,000 years ago. After that, both deep-water temperature507and food supply (via surface plankton production related to iron fertilization that508eventually sinks to the deep-sea floor) substantially affected their deep-sea ecosystem509in different ways. The team highlights the importance of the Southern Ocean deep-sea510ecosystem as a “canary in the coal mine” for future anthropogenic climatic changes511on our planet, and especially highlights the need to carefully think about how we512proceed with ocean-based climate interventions as they mitigate temperature rise but513also affect surface production. Cover image: Jingwen Zhang, Raine Wing Ki Chong, Huai-Hsuan514May Huang, and Moriaki Yasuhara.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/35_2.txt,groundtruth,35_2.txt,"On the cover: Increasing levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from fossil fuel combustion are causing the oceans to acidify. It is well515documented that ocean acidification can have a detrimental effect on marine animals,516particularly those that build calcified body parts, such as shellfish and coral. However,517this evidence is largely based on artificial laboratory experiments, which do not518reflect the species' natural environment. In this issue, Connell et al. (pages R95–R96)519use natural CO2 underwater seeps in the southwest Pacific, which represent near-future oceanic conditions,520to demonstrate how a marine calcifying animal can in fact thrive in acidic waters521due to the increased supply of habitat and food. The image shows a leafy sea-dragon522(Phycodurus eques), an iconic marine animal of southern Australia that lives among CO2-affected habitats. Photograph © Jeffrey Jeffords; used with permission.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/27_22.txt,allv2,27_22.txt,"On the cover: The heroic era of polar exploration left more than footprints and took523away more than photos. Specimens of marine life collected by Scott's and other early524voyages provide key baselines and context for new discoveries of biological change525in Antarctica. Growth of bryozoans on the seabed was near constant for most of the526last century but has drastically increased since the 1990s in Antarctica's Ross Sea.527For details, see the Correspondence by Barnes et al. (R147–R148). Photograph of Scott's528hut by John Shears, © British Antarctic Survey.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/21_21.txt,sbert,21_21.txt,train529ACS Earth and Space Chemistry,2024_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Earth and Space Chemistry/2024_3.png,A,"We evaluate the diversity of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from both pre- and post-harvest 'Alkar' tall wheatgrass, a candidate biofuel. While green leaf volatiles dominate post-harvest emissions, we demonstrate novel post-harvest VOCs that are under-characterized in the context of carbon cycling and atmospheric chemistry.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Earth and Space Chemistry/2024_3.txt,groundtruth,2024_3.txt,"Wildfire particulate matter is comprised of a complex mixture of chemical species such as organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), ions, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and metals. Prevailing winds can transport fresh plumes to urban centers thousands of kilometers away from the burning site, and secondary processing may change the chemical composition during transport.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Earth and Space Chemistry/2024_6.txt,multiBv1,2024_6.txt,Early morning fog and dew in southeast Virginia. The bio-grime films on leaf surfaces are complex organic mixtures from deposited material and guttation/microbes.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Earth and Space Chemistry/2022_10.txt,ave_3,2022_10.txt,"What is aerosol composition over agricultural land? The organic component of aerosol collected above agricultural fields (Oklahoma, USA) was investigated using direct sampling interfaced with high-resolution mass spectrometry. Aerosol molecular composition, volatility, and phase state exhibited pronounced dependences on the day/nighttime (more molecular species observed during nighttime) and wind direction (increased anthropogenic contribution from southerly winds).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Earth and Space Chemistry/2022_6.txt,allv2,2022_6.txt,train530Macromolecules,2024_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Macromolecules/2024_9.png,B,A facile electrochemical dehalogenation method to simultaneously synthesize and fabricate films of various conjugated polymers based on halogen-substituted benzene/polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons has been developed. View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2023_1.txt,ave_2,2023_1.txt,"This image illustrates the formation of a uniform film containing a high density of π-stacked helical poly(quinoline-2,3-diylmethylene) with cysteine derivatives at the chain ends on a Au substrate.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2024_9.txt,groundtruth,2024_9.txt,On the cover: Macroscopically aligned helical polyacetylene film was synthesized through acetylene polymerization under monodomain structured chiral nematic liquid crystal reaction field with applied magnetic field of 5 T. See page 5943.  View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2010_11.txt,allv2,2010_11.txt,"Poly(benzene-1,4-diyl)s bearing bulky and chiral side-chain groups without a stable helical conformation in solution undergo remarkable chirality amplification leading to a helix with significant anisotropy in the amorphous solid state through interchain interactions, which resulted in intense circular dichroism, efficient circularly polarized luminescence, and chiral recognition toward racemic compounds. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2022_12.txt,ave_3,2022_12.txt,train531NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY,23_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/23_6.png,D,"Avidity in antibody drug design, inspired by the Review on p715.532Cover design: S. Harris",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/21_3.txt,sbert,21_3.txt,"Antibody–drug conjugates in cancer, inspired by the Review on p641.533Cover design: S. Harris",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/22_5.txt,multiBv1,22_5.txt,"Immune checkpoint inhibitors, inspired by the Focus issue.534Cover design: S. Harris",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/21_6.txt,allv2,21_6.txt,"Sequential immunotherapy, inspired by the Review on p501.535Cover design: S. Harris",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/23_6.txt,groundtruth,23_6.txt,val536ACS Applied Energy Materials,2025_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Energy Materials/2025_5.png,B,"The Co atom dispersed on the N-doped carbon nanosphere catalyst was designed and constructed by a simple precursor-engineering method. Therefore, the synergistic effect of N and the Co metal atom is beneficial for tuning the carbon matrix defects, which leads to the improvement of ORR activity.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Energy Materials/2021_9.txt,allv2,2021_9.txt,"The image depicts a lanthanum hydride cluster nanoconfined within the porous structure of functionalized carbon hosts, highlighting local interactions between the hydride cluster and the carbon material.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Energy Materials/2025_5.txt,groundtruth,2025_5.txt,The image depicts the concept of “nanofibers coated yarns” (NCYs) proposed at the,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Energy Materials/2018_11.txt,multiBv1,2018_11.txt,"The strategically engineered N,O-codoped carbon spheres using molecularly designed polybenzoxazine particles are explored using a template-free colloidal technique. Evaluated in supercapacitor applications, the carbon material exhibits enhanced electrochemical performance, highlighting its potential for energy storage devices. The cover art has been prepared in part using an AI tool at https://copilot.microsoft.com/.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Energy Materials/2024_8.txt,sbert,2024_8.txt,train537NATURE METHODS,21_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE METHODS/21_5.png,D,"Optogenetics, our pick for Method of the Year 2010, is rapidly becoming a vital tool for neurobiologists, who are applying it to study both basic biology and disease. Cover design by Erin Dewalt. Special feature starts on p19.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE METHODS/8_12.txt,sbert,8_12.txt,"On the cover: a cellular model learned by an artificial neural network. Cover design by Erin Dewalt, based on a concept by Jianzhu Ma, Samson Fong, Michael Yu and Trey Ideker. p290",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE METHODS/15_9.txt,allv2,15_9.txt,"On the cover: The Focus on Synthetic Biology takes readers from DNA synthesis to gene assembly, circuit design and whole-genome assembly. Artistic rendition by Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE METHODS/11_8.txt,multiBv1,11_8.txt,"Focus on advanced AI in biology538Advanced artificial intelligence (AI)-based methods are having a transformative impact on biological research, as explored in this special issue.539See Editorial540Image: Weiquan Lin / Getty Images. Cover design: Thomas Phillips",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE METHODS/21_5.txt,groundtruth,21_5.txt,test541The Journal of Organic Chemistry,2025_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/The Journal of Organic Chemistry/2025_1.png,D,"Asymmetric catalysis, cascade reactions, C,H-activation, catalytic conversion of renewable resources, collected natural product synthesis, late-stage functionalization of biologically active compounds",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Organic Chemistry/2016_4.txt,ave_3,2016_4.txt,Ruthenium-catalyzed novel (Z)-3-ferrocenylideneisobenzofuran-1(3H)-one compounds were synthesized by the ortho-CH activation of benzoic acid and ferrocenyl styrene in the presence of green solvent water. Exploring the transformation of benzoic acid and styrene into crude products leads to transformation into bioactive compounds 1,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Organic Chemistry/2025_2.txt,allv2,2025_2.txt,A new ruthenium catalytic system was developed for the construction of a C(sp2)−Se bond with the assistance of directing groups. The convenient late-stage selenylation of bioactive molecules has also been demonstrated.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Organic Chemistry/2016_12.txt,ave_2,2016_12.txt,Ruthenium-catalyzed novel (Z)-3-ferrocenylideneisobenzofuran-1(3H)-one compounds were synthesized by the ortho-CH activation of benzoic acid and ferrocenyl styrene in the presence of green solvent water. Exploring the transformation of benzoic acid and styrene into crude products leads to transformation into bioactive compounds 1,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Organic Chemistry/2025_1.txt,groundtruth,2025_1.txt,train542CELL RESEARCH,35_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/CELL RESEARCH/35_1.png,B,"The main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain, GABA, influences neuronal and glial activity in a prolonged manner via GABAB receptor, a prototypical class C GPCR. GABAB receptor is an obligatory heterodimer of two subunits. They perform a complicated “pas de deux” to transduce the extracellular stimuli into cells. See page 564-573 by Chunyou Mao et al. for details.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/CELL RESEARCH/30_6.txt,ave_2,30_6.txt,"The dual effects of glucocorticoids (GCs) are illustrated by bees. Left, low levels of GCs bind to the canonical high-affinity GC receptor (GR, the flower producing honey), mediating physiological and therapeutic effects. Right, high levels of GCs can also bind to the low-affinity receptor, tau, leading to bone loss and demonstrating pathological effects. See page 23–44 by Wenyu Fu et al. for details.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/CELL RESEARCH/35_1.txt,groundtruth,35_1.txt,"The lotus beneath Nezha, a fairy tale character, represents an ER anion channel CLCC1. Chloride through CLCC1 compensates both potential and osmolality changes during ER Ca2+ release together with K+ (2Ca2++Cl–=3K+). CLCC1 dysfunction leads to imbalance of ER ion homeostasis (2Ca2+=4K+), ER swelling, and neurodegeneration, which is linked with ALS represented by Nezha’s frozen leg and spear. See page 497–515 by Liang Guo et al. for details.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/CELL RESEARCH/33_6.txt,ave_3,33_6.txt,"The dual effects of glucocorticoids (GCs) are illustrated by bees. Left, low levels of GCs bind to the canonical high-affinity GC receptor (GR, the flower producing honey), mediating physiological and therapeutic effects. Right, high levels of GCs can also bind to the low-affinity receptor, tau, leading to bone loss and demonstrating pathological effects. See page 23–44 by Wenyu Fu et al. for details.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/CELL RESEARCH/35_2.txt,allv2,35_2.txt,train543ACS Applied Optical Materials,2025_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Optical Materials/2025_1.png,D,"Vanadium dioxide nanocomposite smart window films for building applications exhibit remarkable thermochromic properties, allowing automatic blockage and transmission of infrared radiation based on temperature changes. This semiconductor-to-metal transition authorizes efficient building technology, effectively reducing energy consumption associated with heating and cooling costs and subsequently minimizing carbon dioxide emissions.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Optical Materials/2024_11.txt,sbert,2024_11.txt,"Designing ternary nanocomposites consisting of ZnO@MoS2 core-shell heterostructures and conducting polymer polyaniline results in the generation of multiple excitons. These novel materials exhibit great saturable absorption behavior, which can be further implemented in nonlinear photonic devices.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Optical Materials/2024_8.txt,multiBv1,2024_8.txt,"The ACS AMI Family “2024 Early Career Forum” highlights groundbreaking research and innovative ideas from the emerging authors in the scientific community on a broad range of topics. This edition of the Forum showcases 135 exceptional contributions from early-career scientists worldwide, published across ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, ACS Applied Bio Materials, ACS Applied Electronic Materials, ACS Applied Engineering Materials, ACS Applied Energy Materials, ACS Applied Nano Materials, ACS Applied Optical Materials, and ACS Applied Polymer Materials.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Optical Materials/2024_1.txt,allv2,2024_1.txt,"Computer simulations highlight the potential of Cu3BiS3-based solar cells with optimized buffer layers and transparent conductive oxides, providing insights for the development of non-toxic, cost-effective, and high-performance photovoltaics.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Optical Materials/2025_1.txt,groundtruth,2025_1.txt,val544Inorganic Chemistry,2025_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Inorganic Chemistry/2025_1.png,B,The electronic structure of Neodymium(III) is elusive. Minute changes in the crystal field can lead to significant changes in the observed electronic properties. The Cover Art shows a neodymium complex with computed and experimentally determined electronic structures on top of a computer-generated field of crystals. The background picture was generated using DALL-E by ChatGPT.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Inorganic Chemistry/2024_13.txt,allv2,2024_13.txt,"The crystal field splitting of neodymium(III) is determined by the full electrostatic potential of the donor atoms, which for water requires a description of the orientation of all nine coordinating donor ligands. Or briefly, the properties of lanthanide(III) aqua ions are defined by the shape of water.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Inorganic Chemistry/2025_1.txt,groundtruth,2025_1.txt,"The artwork showcases the pioneering application of pentacyanidocobaltate(III) complexes, [CoIII(CN)5(azido/nitrito-N/iodido)]3– as metalloligands for lanthanide(III) (Ln = Nd, Ce) Single-Molecule Magnets. The figure visualizes an azido-pentacyanido Co(III) complex and three sides of the reported work: (a) solution technique used for crystallization of Ln(III)–Co(III) nanomagnets, (b) magnetic measurements performed to study the slow relaxation of magnetization, (c) the computational work involving ab initio calculations of the electronic structure of Ln(III) complexes and simulations of their physical characteristics using the newly developed SlothPy software.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Inorganic Chemistry/2024_12.txt,ave_3,2024_12.txt,"The quest to unravel the crystal structure of Osmium(III) acetylacetonate. The difficulties in resolving the X-ray structure triggered a multitechnique investigation allowing one to determine the magnetic properties and electronic structure of Os(acac)3. By combining EPR and Cantilever Torque Magnetometry, we revealed the dimorphic nature of Os(acac)3 finding the “missing”",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Inorganic Chemistry/2024_16.txt,ave_2,2024_16.txt,val545ACS Energy Letters,2024_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Energy Letters/2024_9.png,B,"The control of ion diffusion is one of the main challenges facing perovskite solar cells. The transport of charged defects is linked to current−voltage hysteresis, photoinduced structural transformations, and chemical degeneration. The Perspective discusses the principles that govern ion diffusion in solids, including the role of electric fields and thermal gradients, and offers directions for limiting ion transport, where required, and harnessing it for new applications of halide perovskites.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Energy Letters/2018_5.txt,ave_2,2018_5.txt,"In-detail experimental and theoretical analysis derived that crown ethers are impressive for surface passivation and a guardian layer against moisture owing to their unique acid-base passivation and hydrophobicity, and crown ethers with appropriate molecular design at the perovskite/electron transfer layer interface inhibit the nonradiative recombination and voltage losses in p-i-n perovskite solar cells.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Energy Letters/2024_9.txt,groundtruth,2024_9.txt,"A self-assembled monolayer of [2-(3,6-dimethoxy-9H-carbazol-9-yl) ethyl]phosphonic acid promotes the growth and mechanical adhesion of perovskite single-crystals on ITO substrates. Solar cells constructed from these crystals in the inverted p-i-n architecture exhibit efficiencies of up to 23.1% and substantially enhanced operational stability, setting new benchmarks for single-crystal perovskite solar cells.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Energy Letters/2023_11.txt,ave_3,2023_11.txt,Our work demonstrates that thermal evaporation of large organic cations used to modify interfaces in state-of-the-art halide perovskite solar cells enables higher median performances and reproducibility than solution deposition.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Energy Letters/2023_10.txt,allv2,2023_10.txt,test546Nature Ecology & Evolution,8_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Ecology & Evolution/8_2.png,B,"Biodiversity under stress547A school of fish on a remote coral reef in the Indian Ocean. Biodiversity was found to be the primary driver of ecosystem functioning of coral-reef fishes. The positive biodiversity-ecosystem function relationships were robust to two human-caused stressors: climate change and invasive species.548See Benkwitt et al549Image: Kristina Tietjen. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Ecology & Evolution/4_6.txt,sbert,4_6.txt,"Underwater alliances550Individuals of the day octopus (Octopus cyanea) sometimes team up with various fish species such as the blue goldsaddle goatfish (Parupeneus cyclostomus) to engage in collective hunting. Three-dimensional field-based tracking and field experiments unravel the complex social influences that drive decision-making, and reveal shared leadership across these distantly related species.551See Eduardo Sampaio et al.552Image: Eduardo Sampaio. Cover design: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Ecology & Evolution/8_2.txt,groundtruth,8_2.txt,"Minimum size553Tagged Antarctic minke whales (Balaenoptera bonaerensis), which are the smallest lunge feeders, surface in a group before 9 feeding dives in 3 minutes. Cade et al. found that these ultra-high feeding rates (which can exceed 200 lunges per hour at night) barely enable the whales to meet their expected metabolic needs, and suggest that biomechanical, environmental and physiological constraints would not allow lunge feeding as a strategy in smaller species.554See Cade et al555Image: Duke Marine Robotics and Remote Sensing. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Ecology & Evolution/7_9.txt,allv2,7_9.txt,"Rare ocean gems556Marine plankton communities contain a huge number of distinct species, such as these protists observed by the Tara Oceans expedition at the ocean surface. Although the composition of such communities varies considerably from place to place, the decay in abundance of the rare species that comprise 99% of local richness follows the same power law everywhere.557See Ser-Giacomi et al.558Image: Noé Sardet and Christian Sardet. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Ecology & Evolution/2_5.txt,multiBv1,2_5.txt,train559Nature Reviews Materials,9_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Materials/9_1.png,C,"Synchrotron radiation provides insight into the structure and properties of materials. In this issue, our collection of articles examines the role of synchrotron techniques in materials characterization, including understanding intrinsic properties and elucidating structure–property relationships for the improved performance of materials.560Credit: Lauren V. Robinson",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Materials/3_4.txt,allv2,3_4.txt,"Tetradymite-type materials, such as Bi2Te3, are excellent thermoelectric materials near ambient temperature and have enabled many seminal studies on topological insulators. In this Review, we discuss recent progress in the optimization of the properties of bulk and thin-film tetradymites for such studies.561See Joseph P. Heremans et al. 2, 17049 (2017).562Renee L. Ripley",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Materials/2_3.txt,sbert,2_3.txt,"High-entropy materials are primarily known for their mechanical strength and high toughness. However, they can also be used as a platform for multifunctional material design, in which several, even conflicting, properties can be reconciled because of the compositional tolerance inherent in the high-entropy concept: these include electronic, magnetic, mechanical, catalytic, thermal expansion and hydrogen storage properties. The cover shows 3D atom probe tomography data from a chemically complex Ti Mo based alloy. See Han L.et al.563Cover image: Dierk Raabe. Cover design: David Johnston",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Materials/9_1.txt,groundtruth,9_1.txt,"Architected materials are structured at the intermediate scale between the atomic and bulk scale, and they can be encoded with a temporal degree of freedom such that they evolve over time, resulting in unique materials properties and functionalities. The cover artistically illustrates three examples of responsive architected materials. See Xia et al.564Image: Xiaoxing Xia and Eric Brian Smith. Cover design: Charlotte Gurr.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Materials/7_4.txt,multiBv1,7_4.txt,train565Nature Catalysis,7_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Catalysis/7_1.png,D,"Discrete catalytic functions566Analogous with a modern production line, the cover image illustrates how precise placement of different active sites (robotic arms) within a hierarchical pore network enables individual catalyst particles to perform a complex sequence of chemical transformations in a cooperative and predictable process reminiscent of substrate channelling (conveyor belt) in biological systems. Here, the authors illustrate this approach for cascade and antagonistic reactions, namely a two-step deacetalization–Knoevenagel condensation of dimethyl acetals to cyanoates and a base-catalysed triacylglyceride transesterification.567See Isaacs et al.568Image: Ella Maru Studio. Cover Design: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Catalysis/3_2.txt,ave_3,3_2.txt,"Thin photo-factories569In their work, Wenbin Lin and colleagues introduce a family of tunable artificial enzymes equipping metal–organic framework monolayers with an amino acid-coordinated metal centre and photoactive cofactors. Different analogues of such photoactive catalysts can thus be integrated into an efficient artificial photosynthesis system.570See Lan et al.571Image credit: Wenbin Lin. Cover design: Marina Spence.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Catalysis/5_2.txt,allv2,5_2.txt,"Light oxidations572Photoelectrocatalytic H2O2 production is coupled with heterogeneous propylene epoxidation in an integrated proof-of-concept device. This approach allows for direct production of propylene oxide using O2 and light without external bias or sacrificial reagents.573See Ko et al.574Image: CUBE3D Graphic/Younghee Lee. Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Catalysis/5_12.txt,multiBv1,5_12.txt,"Two catalysts in synergy575The cover highlights a one-pot process whereby a molecular photocatalyst is used for the generation of C(sp 3) radicals from substrates functionalized as N-hydroxyphthalimide esters and an iron-metalloenzyme performs azidation of such radicals in an enantioselective fashion.576See Rui et al.577Cover design: Alex Whitworth. Image: Xiongyi Huang, Johns Hopkins University, USA",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Catalysis/7_1.txt,groundtruth,7_1.txt,val578Science Advances,11_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Advances/11_2.png,B,"ONLINE COVER 579  Cyathopharynx furcifer580 —one of approximately 240 species of cichlid fish endemic to Lake Tanganyika in Africa. In animals, the visual sensory system is key to vital tasks such as orientation, navigation, foraging, predator avoidance, communication, and mate choice. Visual opsin genes expressed in the cone and rod photoreceptor cells in the eye’s retina are at the core of animal vision. Ricci et al. examined visual opsin gene expression profiles across the massive adaptive radiation of cichlid fish in Lake Tanganyika and show that adaptations of the visual system to habitat and diet occur via gene expression variation in a subset of opsin genes. Credit: Angel Fitor",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Advances/9_36.txt,sbert,9_36.txt,"ONLINE COVER Artistic rendering of rosette colonies and solitary cells of the choanoflagellate Salpingoeca rosetta undergoing signaling events. Choanoflagellates are the closest living relatives of animals. Colgren et al. identified communication amongst the cells of S. rosetta colonies. This communication regulates shape and ciliary beating across the rosette. Understanding how information flows between cells in choanoflagellate colonies provides key insights into early animal evolution. Credit: Davis Laundon, Ella Maru Studio and Kate Zvorykina (Ella Maru Studio, Inc.)",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Advances/11_2.txt,groundtruth,11_2.txt,"ONLINE COVER Co-expression of optix (cyan) and frizzled2 (green) mRNA in a pupal hindwing of Bicyclus anynana, the squinting bush brown butterfly. Wnt signaling genes play an integral role in the communications of multicellular biological systems. To show how Wnt signaling influences eyespot and band butterfly wing patterns, Banerjee et al. demonstrate that different members of the Wnt signaling pathways are spatially and temporally regulated during different stages of wing development. This work gives insight into how interaction between different Wnt signaling pathways influences complex biological color patterns, as well as the differentiation of other biological tissues. Credit: Image by Dr. Tirtha Das Banerjee (Antónia Monteiro Lab)",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Advances/9_30.txt,allv2,9_30.txt,"ONLINE COVER Habitat and structural home of the fungus-cyanobacterium complex S. cyanobacteriicola-S. taiwanensis. Fungi often form the outer structure in symbiotic relationships such as lichens. However, Chen et al. discovered a symbiosis in Taiwan’s subtropical forests where fungi live within cyanobacterial sheaths, forming erect, nitrogen-fixing thalli. The discovery of the fungus-cyanobacterium complex demonstrates unique fungi residing within structures built by cyanobacteria. This finding sheds light on unique forms of symbiosis and expands our understanding of fungal partnerships in nature. Credit: Che-Chih Chen",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Advances/11_7.txt,multiBv1,11_7.txt,val581ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces,2025_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces/2025_5.png,C,Fabricating thin polymer films on complex substrates can potentially advance a variety of fields such as drug delivery and separations. The featured cover graphic displays thin polymer films that form canopy structures over arrays comprised of different geometries. The canopies were fabricated using a novel technique that combines initiated chemical vapor deposition with the use of a scaffolding liquid that structurally supports the polymer film as it grows. Two methods of applying liquid scaffolds are explored in the article that allow for a range of liquids to be used and provide different degrees of control over the location of film formation.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces/2015_11.txt,multiBv1,2015_11.txt,CN polymers,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces/2019_33.txt,sbert,2019_33.txt,"A composite film composed of liquid crystal polymer networks and polyvinylidene fluoride doped with carbon nanopowders exhibits a roll angle change of 235° under the midday sun during summer. It demonstrates phototactic and light-avoiding rolling behavior, indicating",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces/2025_5.txt,groundtruth,2025_5.txt,A thermal conducting liquid crystal (TCLC) molecule was synthesized as a polymerizable building block and efficiently applied as a directional heat transfer material for the development of advanced thermal interface materials (TIMs). The directional heat transfer of TCLC was achieved by uniaxial molecular orientation. The uniaxially aligned TCLC film stabilized by photopolymerization exhibited a remarkable thermal conductivity up to 2.5 W/(m K) along the orientation direction. Newly developed TIMs from TCLC can be applied in advanced flexible devices.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces/2018_11.txt,allv2,2018_11.txt,test582BDJ In Practice,37_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/BDJ In Practice/37_5.png,B,"In this issue...583Equality, diversity and inclusion work will never be finished - it requires all of us, every day, to be mindful of how our words and actions affect others.584 585In this EDI themed issue, we look at where dentistry is in its quest to become more equal, diverse and inclusive586Cover illustration by Tim Marrs",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ In Practice/35_3.txt,allv2,35_3.txt,"In this issue...587Welcome to the second equality, diversity and inclusion themed issue of BDJ In Practice.588 589Society is changing. Are we more tolerant and accepting than ever before, or have we gone the other way? In this issue we dive into dentistry and all things EDI590Cover illustration by Tim Marrs",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ In Practice/37_5.txt,groundtruth,37_5.txt,"In this diversity themed issue591Diversity matters, but is dentistry leading the way or lagging behind? In this themed edition, we unpick all aspects of equality, diversity and inclusion592Cover illustration by Danny Allison",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ In Practice/34_10.txt,ave_2,34_10.txt,"In this issue...593In the first private dentistry themed issue of BDJ In Practice, we talk to experts across the profession to gauge where the sector is, where it's come from and where it's going594Cover illustration by Tim Marrs",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ In Practice/36_1.txt,ave_3,36_1.txt,train595Acta Pharmacologica Sinica,45_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/45_4.png,B,"Sapidolide A (SA) treats acetaminophen-induced liver injury (AILI) by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages. Acetaminophen (APAP) causes hepatocyte necrosis, which releases DAMPs and induces NLRP3-inflammasome-mediated macrophage pyroptosis. This leads to the secretion of pro-inflammatory factors, such as IL-1β and IL-18, that further recruits immune cells and aggravates liver inflammation, as well as hepatocyte damage. SA acts as an inhibitor of NF-κB signaling, NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and pyroptosis in macrophages, thereby reducing inflammation and protecting against AILI.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/43_5.txt,sbert,43_5.txt,"Cover Credit: Methionine-choline deficient diet (MCD) has been widely illustrated in inducing persistent alterations of gut microbiota and metabolome during hepatitis. Given the close interaction between gut and liver disorders, this study further highlights that intake of MCD predisposes to experimental colitis and enhances its pathogenesis via modulating gut microbes and macrophages. (Doi: 10.1038/s41401-024-01291-y). See the article in pages 1912-1925.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/45_4.txt,groundtruth,45_4.txt,"During the pathological process of pancreatic cancer, the composition of the gut microbiota changes (i.e., intestinal microbiota dysbiosis), and the gut barrier is impaired. As a result, certain gut microbes translocate to the pancreas and colonize the pancreas to induce a suppressive immune microenvironment that facilitates pancreatic cancer progression. See the article in pages 1027–1039.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/42_6.txt,multiBv1,42_6.txt,"Bile acids are important mediators for lipid absorption, distribution, and metabolism through activation of bile acid receptor FXR. Disregulation in bile acid homeostasis and FXR function resulted in NASH. The cover art dipicts the role of FXR in bile acid regulation and the FXR structure as the basis for rational drug design for treating NASH, both topics are reviewed by Jiao et al and by Tian et al in pages 1103 and 1120, respectively.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/43_8.txt,allv2,43_8.txt,train596Molecular Plant,17_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Molecular Plant/17_3.png,C,"On The Cover In plants, RNA-directed DNA Methylation (RdDM) is known to play important roles in597transposon silencing, gene regulation and antiviral defense. RdDM is iniatiated with598the transcription of target sequences by a plant-specific RNA polymerase Pol IV. In599this issue, Xu et al. report a critical role of OsNRPD1, the largest subunit of Pol600IV, in the regulation of rice tillering, and Zhang et al. report that the targeted601degradation of OsNRPD1 triggered by expression of P3, a rice bunyavirus-encoded protein,602via the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is essential for viral pathogenesis. The603cover artwork diagrams the confrontation of the Monkey King, a famous Chinese mythological604figure, with the Buddha. Hundreds of monkey descendants can be made from the hairs605of the Monkey King, resembling functionally diversified small RNAs generated by Pol606IV. The Buddha represents the cellular ubiquitin-proteasome system, and the flying607dragon denotes P3, a virus virulence protein that functions as a messenger activating608UPS to target Pol IV for degradation. Image by: Shanshan Zhao.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/13_8.txt,sbert,13_8.txt,"On The Cover Lateral root formation at the single-cell resolution. The cover displays a confocal609image of an Arabidopsis root with three lateral root primordia. The center primordium610explodes in colorful individual cells, symbolizing that the cells are extracted and611profiled through single-cell RNA-seq to dissect cell type specification. Cell identities612described in the model are represented by coloring the primordia, and the cells show613the UMAP plot obtained after clustering. Image by: Laura Serrano-Ron.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/14_5.txt,multiBv1,14_5.txt,"On the cover: The different colored shapes depict the SA-induced NPR1, as a dimer, fused to TurboID614with the labeling radius highlighted in green and to GFP that is recognized by the615GFP nanobody-MNase used in greenCUT&RUN. When bound to NPR1-GFP, the GFP nanobody-MNase616cleaves the genomic loci bound by NPR1-GFP through its association with the TGA transcription617factor (TGA). The cover image illustrates, on the one side, the identification of618the nuclear partners of NPR1, while on the other side, the identification of genomic619targets of NPR1. Image by Jordan Powers.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/17_3.txt,groundtruth,17_3.txt,"On The Cover The cover image shows the mutant library of rice generated by genome-wide targeted620mutagenesis using CRISPR/Cas9. A total of 34,234 rice genes were targeted by 88,541621sgRNAs and 91,004 targeted loss-of-function rice mutants were generated via large-scale622Agrobacterium transformation. Combining with the high-throughput genotyping method, a detailed623pipeline for genome-scale gene editing in plants was developed. Image by: Ze-hui Chen.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/10_4.txt,allv2,10_4.txt,train624Nature Machine Intelligence,6_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Machine Intelligence/6_9.png,C,"Particle tracking with graph optimal transport learning625A graph neural network approach, which incorporates an optimal transport-based algorithm, is developed for efficient tracking of particles in fluid flow. The image shows particle clouds at two different time steps (shown in blue and red).626See Liang, J., Xu, C. & Cai, S.627Image: Aizhen Yang, Hangzhou Sphere Studio, China. Cover design: Thomas Phillips",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Machine Intelligence/5_8.txt,allv2,5_8.txt,"Insect-like plume tracking with reinforcement learning628Flying insects excel at solving the computational challenge of tracking of odour plumes. Many aspects of the associated behaviour and the underlying neural circuitry are well studied, but measuring neural activity directly in freely behaving insects is not tractable. Singh et al. developed a complementary in silico approach that involves recurrent neural network artificial agents that use deep reinforcement learning to locate the source of simulated odour plumes. The trained agents produce trajectories with a strong resemblance to those of flying insects and learn to compute task-relevant variables with distinct dynamic structures in population activity.629See Satpreet H. Singh et al.630Image: Bing Wen Brunton, Floris van Breugel / University of Washington. Cover design: Thomas Phillips",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Machine Intelligence/5_12.txt,ave_3,5_12.txt,"Generating turbulence trajectories with diffusion models631Diffusion models can be used to generate intricate and detailed particle paths in turbulent flows, reflecting the complex nature of fluid motion. By means of statistical analysis, Li et al. show that diffusion models can capture the full complexity of turbulent dynamics and generalize to extreme events.632See Li et al.633Image: Michele Buzzicotti, University of Rome Tor Vergata. Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Machine Intelligence/6_9.txt,groundtruth,6_9.txt,"Learning physical displacement fields with deep optical flow634Analysing complex flow dynamics is important in a wide range of problems in areas such as automotive, aerospace and biomedical engineering. Particle image velocimetry (PIV) is a key technique for visualizing and computing the velocity components of flow fields. Conventionally, manually designed algorithms are needed to process PIV measurements, but deep learning-based optical flow estimators are developed by Lagemann et al. that promise to be general, largely automated and to provide a high spatial resolution, which allows one to study very fine velocity fluctuations. The cover image highlights such a dense displacement field for a turbulent boundary layer predicted by the proposed optical flow learning model.635See Lagemann et al.636Image: Christian Lagemann, Institute of Aerodynamics Aachen. Cover design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Machine Intelligence/3_6.txt,ave_2,3_6.txt,val637Trends in Ecology & Evolution,39_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/39_2.png,D,"Animals can show cognitive biases leading to apparently irrational behaviour. Amongst638these, the question of overconfidence has received most attention, partly because639it can reveal itself in interactions such as conflict, illustrated by the two gold640dust day geckos (Phelsuma laticorda) fighting on a banana plant in Réunion. Clearly an evolutionary approach to questions641of cognitive biases is useful but how this is done has recently been criticized. In642this month’s Focus Issue, we examine the evolutionary approach to cognitive biases643exemplified by overconfidence and deception. (Photo by Thierry Caro, via Wikimedia644Commons.)",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/28_5.txt,sbert,28_5.txt,"There is widespread agreement that bee populations are declining in the industrial645world with the cause linked to a range of environmental stressors, including pesticides646and malnutrition. On pp. 268–278 of this issue, Mathieu Lihoreau and colleagues discuss647the important question of why bees appear so susceptible to these stressors and find648clues in their neurobiology and behaviour. Cover image: CSIRO via Wikimedia Commons",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/32_9.txt,allv2,32_9.txt,"Many different pollinators often visit the same flower, as seen in this image where649a buff-tailed bumble bee (Bombus terrestris), a red-tailed bumble bee (Bombus lapidarius) and a small sweat bee (Lasioglossum sp.) are sharing a plume thistle Cirsium rivulare flower. On pages 623–636, Willem Proesmans and colleagues discuss how such sharing of flowers650is a potential conduit for insect–pathogen spillover between species. Pathogen dynamics651are shaped by both the plant-pollinator network and species traits, and will be affected652by global change. Photo credit: Hajnalka Szentgyörgyi",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/36_6.txt,multiBv1,36_6.txt,"Research on pollinator cognition usually focuses on a single reward653aspect in isolation. However, this does not reflect the complexity of reward types654that655pollinators encounter while foraging, as demonstrated by the Sonoran bumblebee,656Bombus sonorus collecting nectar, a complex mix of chemicals, from mealy sage657Salvia farinacea. On pages 1047–1058, Claire Hemingway and colleagues discuss658how reward complexity can impact pollinator cognition and demonstrate the need to659consider ecologically realistic rewards to fully understand plant–pollinator interactions.660Photo credit: Alexander Wild.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/39_2.txt,groundtruth,39_2.txt,train661Nature Biomedical Engineering,8_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Biomedical Engineering/8_1.png,A,"Decoupled antigen binding and CD3 signalling in allogeneic T cells662This issue highlights the engineering of T cells and other immunomodulatory therapeutic cells with augmented functionality, for use to treat HIV, cancers, red-blood-cell disorders and injured, inflamed tissue.663The cover illustrates that allogeneic T cells can be engineered with a T cell receptor that decouples antigen-mediated T cell activation from T cell cytotoxicity.664See Kapetanovic et al.665Image: Daniel Pöschl, ETH Zurich. Cover design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Biomedical Engineering/8_1.txt,groundtruth,8_1.txt,"Traceless isolation of killer T cells via DNA aptamers666This issue highlights an overview of immunotherapies leveraging engineering approaches, the traceless isolation of CD8+ T cells for CAR-T cell therapy, high-throughput immunomagnetic cell sorting implemented in a microfluidic chip, orthologous therapeutic proteins that elude the adaptive immune system, glycosylated peptides for preventing T-cell-mediated diabetes in mice, and a cell-culture system for assembling 3D tissue models by stacking layers containing pre-conditioned microenvironments.667The cover illustrates the isolation of CD8+ T cells by magnetic microbeads functionalized with DNA aptamers that specifically bind to the T-cell marker CD8 and that can be displaced by a complementary oligonucleotide.668See Kacherovsky et al.669Image: Hang Yu Lin. Cover design: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Biomedical Engineering/3_3.txt,sbert,3_3.txt,"Engineering extracellular vesicles to target T cells670This issue highlights intestinal organoids for the analysis of off-tumour toxicities of T-cell-engaging bispecific antibodies, the affinity maturation of mouse B cells reprogrammed to express human antibodies, modular chimaeric cytokine receptors with leucine zippers, engineered extracellular vesicles for targeting T cells and for the delivery of mRNA to neurons, immune-privileged tissues formed from immunologically cloaked mouse embryonic stem cells, mesenchymal stromal cells with chimaeric antigen receptors, the generation of antigen-specific mature T cells from engineered stem cells, and engineered heart tissue for the study of metabolic rewiring during tachycardia.671The cover illustrates that extracellular vesicles can be engineered with multiple functionalities for the targeted delivery of biologics to T cells.672See Stranford et al.673Image: Justin Muir. Cover design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Biomedical Engineering/8_9.txt,ave_2,8_9.txt,"Antigen-agnostic tumour tagging for CAR T cell therapy674This issue highlights the generation of T cells expressing a tumour-directed receptor constitutively and an inducible transgene, the suppression of tumour growth via the cooperative phagocytic activity of macrophages, a nanoparticle targeting myeloid-cell-rich haematopoietic organs for resolving immunoparalysis, the amphiphilic tagging of cancer cells for the universal redirection of CAR T cells against tumours, an interleukin-6-adsorbing hydrogel for the suppression of cytokine release syndrome, glycosylated antigens for the suppression of established immune responses, a fusion protein of an immunosuppressive enzyme for treating local inflammation, the transcriptomic profiling of the fate of human CAR T cells in vivo, and the microfluidic isolation of tumour-reactive lymphocytes from peripheral blood.675The cover illustrates that the tagging of tumour cells with an amphiphilic ligand for a chimaeric antigen receptor on T cells allows for the universal redirection of the cells against solid tumours.676See Zhang et al.677Image: Angela Zhang and co-authors. Cover design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Biomedical Engineering/7_4.txt,allv2,7_4.txt,test678Trends in Biotechnology,43_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Biotechnology/43_2.png,B,"Due to their nature as follow-on biologic drugs, the development of biosimilars can679be fraught with roadblocks from both the scientific and regulatory domains. In pages68070–83 of this issue, Ferro and colleagues discuss production challenges, the major681factors that affect the race to approval by regulatory agencies such as the US FDA682(Tortoise) and the EMA (Hare), and the possibility that improving on originator biologics683with ‘biobetters’ may prove to be the strategy of the future. Cover image(s) from684iStockPhoto/gabetcarlson and cover design by Ernesto Andrianantoandro.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biotechnology/34_14.txt,ave_2,34_14.txt,"Innovators aiming to introduce a new medical device to the market685often face significant challenges with regulatory clearance and reimbursement.686In pages 4 –7 of this issue, Buenz and colleagues provides an overview of these687processes, bridging a crucial gap between device development and patient care.688Cover image created by Jihed Yahyaoui.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biotechnology/43_2.txt,groundtruth,43_2.txt,"Innovators aiming to introduce a new medical device to the market689often face significant challenges with regulatory clearance and reimbursement.690In pages 4 –7 of this issue, Buenz and colleagues provides an overview of these691processes, bridging a crucial gap between device development and patient care.692Cover image created by Jihed Yahyaoui.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biotechnology/43_1.txt,allv2,43_1.txt,"Complex disease states and traumatic injuries present inherent challenges that necessitate693an evolution of current therapeutic strategies to meet them. In this special issue,694our authors highlight advances at the intersection of regenerative medicine, materials695science, and nanotechnology, which are paving the way to the next generation of therapeutics.696Cover images from iStockPhoto/traffic_analyzer, iStockPhoto/alex-mit, and iStockPhoto/DeMango697and cover design by Ernesto Andrianantoandro.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biotechnology/32_5.txt,ave_3,32_5.txt,train698Cell Reports Physical Science,6_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Reports Physical Science/6_2.png,B,"On the cover: A visual celebration of Cell Reports Physical Science’s fifth anniversary, featuring all of our covers from Volume 1, Issue 1 to December6992024’s Volume 5, Issue 12. We’d like to thank Cell Press’s own Philip Krzeminski for700his help in creating this beautiful cover.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Physical Science/6_1.txt,allv2,6_1.txt,"On the cover: A visual celebration of Cell Reports Physical Science’s fifth anniversary, featuring all of our covers from Volume 1, Issue 1 to December7012024’s Volume 5, Issue 12. We’d like to thank Cell Press’s own Philip Krzeminski for702his help in creating this beautiful cover.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Physical Science/6_2.txt,groundtruth,6_2.txt,"On the cover: This month's issue of Cell Reports Physical Science features a special focus on base metal catalysis. This collection of papers, curated703in collaboration with Laura Ackerman-Biegasiewicz and published alongside the rest704of our research articles, highlights advances in this increasingly topical field.705Image credit: Kip Lyall.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Physical Science/4_9.txt,ave_3,4_9.txt,"On the Cover: We celebrate our first issue with this eye-catching cover, designed706by the Cell Press creative team, representing our first “drop” of papers and signifying707the birth of a new journal and our expansion into the fundamental and applied physical708sciences.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Physical Science/1_12.txt,ave_2,1_12.txt,train709ACS Chemical Neuroscience,2024_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2024_9.png,C,"The tricolor micrograph captured with Australian Synchrotron XFM shows metal distribution in diabetic db/db mouse brain hippocampus. Blue color indicates decreased copper, while normal levels of iron (in red) and zinc (in green) were observed. Image credit: Mark Hackett.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2019_8.txt,allv2,2019_8.txt,The image shows a tissue slice of the mouse hippocampus that has been digitally enhanced to highlight the different tissue regions. The light arc through the middle of the image shows the cornu ammonis (CA) over the also light-colored dentate gyrus. The pyramidal cells within the CA form networks that are commonly studied in particular for work related to learning and memory. Image credit: Marissa Cabay.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2018_11.txt,sbert,2018_11.txt,"A hippocampus being drawn: This cover art aims to represent the findings of our study on the therapeutic effects of benfotiamine on Alzheimer's-like neurodegeneration, emphasizing cognitive improvements through the brain insulin pathway. The art was created in CorelDraw X8. The tridimensional c",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2024_9.txt,groundtruth,2024_9.txt,"The cover graphics highlight the potential pharmacotherapeutic applications of belladonna to treating various diseases, particularly brain disorders. B",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2020_6.txt,multiBv1,2020_6.txt,val710Nature Electronics,7_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Electronics/7_5.png,A,"Tension builds711A 3D printing technique that relies on tension to pull metal ink from a nozzle can create free-standing metallic structures with high conductivities and aspect ratios. The photograph on the cover shows an electromagnetic bandgap metamaterial fabricated with the tension-driven 3D printing technique.712See Ling et al. and News & Views by Yang713Image: Tee Research Group, National University of Singapore. Cover design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Electronics/7_5.txt,groundtruth,7_5.txt,"Printing stretchable electronics in three dimensions714Three-dimensional structures made of stretchable conductors can be printed using an emulsion-based composite ink. The computer-generated image on the cover highlights the capabilities of the approach, which can be used to create different three-dimensional geometries that have a minimum feature size of less than 100 μm and a stretchability of more than 150%.715See Lee et al. and News & Views by Zhou & Yuk716Image: Seungjun Chung, Korea Institute of Science and Technology. Cover design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Electronics/6_9.txt,allv2,6_9.txt,"3D-printed soft electronics717Hydrogel-based electronic devices can be fabricated using a stretchable silver–hydrogel ink and an embedded 3D-printing technology. The photograph on the cover shows a 3D-printed conductive structure embedded in a soft hydrogel matrix.718See Hui et al.719Image: Yue Hui, Westlake University. Cover design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Electronics/5_1.txt,multiBv1,5_1.txt,"Soft electronics in 3D720Soft vias for connecting circuit layers can be created by using programmed photocuring to direct the assembly of liquid metal droplets. The photograph on the cover shows a multilayer soft circuit fabricated with the approach that can be used to sense magnetic fields and display the result by illuminating light-emitting diodes.721See Ho et al. and News & Views by Babatain722Image: Dong Hae Ho and Michael D. Bartlett, Virginia Tech. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Electronics/7_2.txt,ave_3,7_2.txt,train723Nature Reviews Chemistry,8_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Chemistry/8_5.png,C,"A transition to renewable energy — such as wind and solar power — will require technology to store energy for use when the wind does not blow and when the sun doesn’t shine. While lithium-ion batteries have proven useful for relatively small scale operations, from laptops to single vehicles, they are unlikely to be useful or yet practical for large scale grid-level operations. Redox flow batteries have the potential to fill that niche, but there is much to do to realize that potential. See Zhang et al.724Image: Carl Conway, based on a suggestion from Guihua Yu and co-workers Cover design: Carl Conway.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Chemistry/6_5.txt,sbert,6_5.txt,"Microbes can derive energy from the enzymatic degradation of plant biomass. For example, cutinase enzymes hydrolyze ester linkages in cutin, the hydrophobic polymer on the outside of plants. Related enzymes can degrade synthetic polyesters like polyethylene terephthalate, and the prospect of clean and efficient polymer degradation would contribute to a sustainable environment. See Chen et al.725Image: Chun-Chi Chen. Design: Carl Conway",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Chemistry/4_10.txt,multiBv1,4_10.txt,"Electronic waste or e-waste is an ever-increasing problem driven by the global population’s insatiable thirst for the latest gadgets. Discarded electronics contain a range of valuable materials, which might be recovered and reused. Recycling e-waste can reduce carbon emissions and the release of hazardous materials into soil and water. Furthermore, the scarcity of some natural resources will begin to limit the new technologies that can be built if we do not begin to better understand how to recycle these waste streams. See Niu et al.726Image: Carl Conway; Cover design: Carl Conway",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Chemistry/8_5.txt,groundtruth,8_5.txt,"Solar reforming is the sunlight-driven transformation of waste feedstocks into valuable fuels and chemicals. It encompasses a set of emerging technologies that have the potential to support the energy and chemical industries as they transition towards a sustainable circular economy. This review discusses the concept, configurations and metrics of solar reforming, and proposes future directions. The cover depicts an artistic rendition of a solar reforming reactor where sunlight drives the simultaneous conversion of carbon dioxide to fuels and solid waste to chemicals. See Bhattacharjee et al.727Image: Sayan Kar, Motiar Rahaman, Chanon Pornrungroj Cover design: Carl Conway",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Chemistry/8_11.txt,allv2,8_11.txt,train728ACS Organic & Inorganic Au,2023_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Organic & Inorganic Au/2023_4.png,A,Phosphonated pyridines play an important role in various areas of chemistry. Those structures can now be conveniently synthesized in a simple and metal-free procedure. Mechanistic investigations indicate that the products are formed as illustrated in thermodynamically-controlled reactions.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Organic & Inorganic Au/2023_4.txt,groundtruth,2023_4.txt,"To form high-density metal/oxide interfacial active sites, we developed a catalyst preparation method based on hybrid clustering. An iridium-molybdenum",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Organic & Inorganic Au/2023_2.txt,ave_3,2023_2.txt,"Convex-shaped Hammett plots allow to parametrize organic reactions and select the best catalysts for transformations with wide substrate scope, covering from electron-donor (ED) to electron-withdrawing functional groups (EWG).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Organic & Inorganic Au/2023_6.txt,multiBv1,2023_6.txt,"A tetrahedral chiral-at-nickel(II) complex has been synthesized using an achiral unsymmetric tridentate ligand, and its structural characteristics have been clarified in detail. Under a low-temperature condition, molecules with the same absolute configuration of the stereogenic nickel(II) center preferentially grow into conglomerate crystals due to the intermolecularly hydrogen-bonded helical structure formation.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Organic & Inorganic Au/2023_1.txt,allv2,2023_1.txt,train729Nature Reviews Psychology,3_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Psychology/3_11.png,B,"Complex spatial cognition supports seemingly simple actions like picking up a coffee mug. In this Review, Fiehler and Karimpur discuss the spatial coding underlying such actions and suggest that research should integrate across spatial scales.730Cover design: Charlotte Gurr.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Psychology/2_11.txt,allv2,2_11.txt,"In this Review, Ayzenberg and Behrmann examine the maturation of object recognition from infancy through childhood.731Cover design: David Johnston",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Psychology/3_11.txt,groundtruth,3_11.txt,"In this Review, Snyder et al. discuss leading theories of rhythm perception and synthesize relevant behavioural, neural and genetic findings.732Cover design: David Johnston",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Psychology/3_6.txt,multiBv1,3_6.txt,"In this Review, Orben et al. describe the mechanisms by which social media could amplify the developmental changes that increase adolescents’ mental health vulnerability.733Cover design: David Johnston",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Psychology/3_7.txt,sbert,3_7.txt,test734Bioconjugate Chemistry,2024_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2024_11.png,D,The cover art shows an artistic rendition of the selective immobilization of quantum dot–peptide conjugates for single-particle fluorescence imaging via the use of tetrameric antibody complexes and a dextran-functionalized surface. This approach has numerous advantages and potential applications in biophysical and photophysical studies and digital assays.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2023_6.txt,multiBv1,2023_6.txt,"We explore the capabilities and limitations of disulfide rebridging for introducing trans-cyclooctene click handles into off-the-shelf antibodies integral to multiplexed analytical diagnostics. Rebridging outcomes differ substantially by species of origin and IgG subclass, highlighting a complex relationship between hinge region structure, biological activity, and conjugation chemistry of IgG antibodies.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2020_7.txt,sbert,2020_7.txt,"Antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) combines an antibody and small molecule drugs in one entity, representing a new class of potent biopharmaceutical drugs. Potent small molecule drugs are conjugated to the constant domains of antibodies via various linker chemistries. The antibody component of ADC enables circulation in the bloodstream for days and specific delivery of cytotoxic drugs into cells upon antigen target-mediated internalization.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2015_2.txt,allv2,2015_2.txt,N-Terminal site-specific biotin and digoxigenin (DIG) conjugated reagents are applied to the clinical anti-drug antibody (ADA) assay development for a VHH antibody using the bridging ELISA format. The site-specific conjugates demonstrated superior purity and homogeneity compared to conventional conjugates and can potentially reduce the possibility of missing detection of ADAs.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2024_11.txt,groundtruth,2024_11.txt,train735Trends in Microbiology,32_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Microbiology/32_6.png,A,"Bacteria can use chemotaxis to locate and establish ecological736partnerships with other organisms. Previously, it has been estimated that some cells737are738too small to be sensed by chemotactic bacteria. However, as discussed in this issue’s739Opinion piece by Seymour et al., recent evidence points to unsuspected chemotactic740precision and indicates that chemotaxis might underpin ecological interactions between741individual bacterial cells. The cover image highlights how chemotactic bacteria (blue742cells)743may use chemical signals to increase time spent in the proximity of other small bacteria744(green cells) or cluster around larger microbes (e.g. phytoplankton). Image courtesy:745Glynn Gorick, Justin Seymour, Douglas Brumley, Roman Stocker, Jean-Baptiste Rain.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Microbiology/32_6.txt,groundtruth,32_6.txt,"The cover illustrates chemical gradients sensed by various microbes resulting in altered746localization via the phenomenon known as chemotaxis. The association between bacterial747chemotaxis and human infections is the main topic of the review by Zhou, Szymanski748and Baylink. Image courtesy: Bibi Zhou.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Microbiology/31_9.txt,allv2,31_9.txt,"Many human bacterial infections consist of more than one bacterial species, and these749interact physically and chemically during infection. It is now recognised that this750‘social networking’ can influence both disease progression and response to treatment751as discussed by Short et al. on pages 508–516. The cover image is an illustration of the network of interactions752that can occur within a complex bacterial community such as those found in some human753infections. Cover image courtesy Francesca Short and Robert Ryan.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Microbiology/22_4.txt,multiBv1,22_4.txt,"The cover image shows an experimental setup which can be viewed as a bacterial ‘model’754of primary tumor–metastases interplay. Shown is an example of colony development of755a primary colony and four daughter colonies of the Paenibacillus dendritiformis pattern-forming social bacterium. Color shades indicate cell density, red for low756and yellow/white for high. After inoculation at the center of the colony, cells replicate757and organize establishing a ‘mother colony’. Then cells with different epigenetic758traits start to leave the center region and form expanding branches. The four daughter759colonies are grown from cells transferred by toothpick inoculation from the edge of760the mother colony (from the four white dots at the yellow edge). Comparison of the761shapes of the colonies to that of four daughter colonies grown on another Petri dish762in the absence of the primary colony indicates an ongoing interplay (likely mediated763by chemical signaling) between the primary colony and its daughter colonies. This764experiment represents a bacterial analogue to multi-location xenografts in cancer765for studying primary tumor–metastases interplay and this and other lessons that can766be learnt from bacteria about cancer are discussed by Ben-Jacob et al. on pages 403–410. Cover image courtesy Eshel Ben-Jacob.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Microbiology/20_4.txt,ave_2,20_4.txt,test767Cancer Cell,42_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cancer Cell/42_1.png,A,"On the cover: Yang et al. reveal a mechanism of immune evasion of tumor-initiating cells (TICs) and suggest768the strategy of combining CD155 blockade with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy. The cover image769shows a cuckoo chick in a host bird’s nest, symbolizing CD49f+ TICs within the tumor microenvironment. The host bird represents neutrophils, attracted770to the cuckoo through its mimicry of the host’s calls, similar to how TICs release771CXCL2 to recruit neutrophils. The host then invests resources to feed the cuckoo,772paralleling neutrophils secreting CCL4 to support TIC survival. As the cuckoo matures,773its feathers (representing CD155) help it blend in and evade predators like the snake,774which symbolizes CD8+ T cells.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cancer Cell/42_1.txt,groundtruth,42_1.txt,"On the cover: The angel and demon wings represent the two faces of FOXOs in suppressing775breast cancer or inducing the resistance of cancer cells to drug inhibition. The cage776symbolizes harnessing the power of the epigenetically regulated FOXO/c-Myc axis in777context of nucleosomes to synergistically kill cancer cells using drugs. See Matkar778et al. (pp. 472–485) for details. Cover art by Lili Guo.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cancer Cell/28_3.txt,sbert,28_3.txt,"On the cover: Immune cells are major defenders of our body but are often turned into779protectors (symbolized by the hairy cell holding a shield) of tumors (symbolized by780the crab) as well as promoting tumor progression. Decades of research in immunology781have led to the development of many immunotherapeutic approaches (symbolized by the782cells holding swords), some of which have shown encouraging clinical results in recent783years. This issue presents three Perspectives, two Articles, and three Previews illustrating784the progress in cancer immunotherapy and is published in conjunction with the April785Trends in Immunology special issue on immunity and cancer. Cover concept by Seth B. Coffelt and Karin786E. de Visser; cover artwork by Tomasz Ahrends.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cancer Cell/27_3.txt,allv2,27_3.txt,"On the cover: Virassamy et al. (pp. 585–601) characterize the key role of CD8+ T cells787displaying properties of tissue residency that accumulate in response to anti-PD-1788and anti-CTLA-4 immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI), mediate local protective immunity789against murine triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), and associate with better outcomes790in TNBC patients treated with ICI. The cover image represents a progression of scale,791depicting an encapsulated TNBC, the tumor microenvironment, and a vignette revealing792molecular interactions. Within the TNBC microenvironment, tissue-resident memory CD8+793T cells (apricot) accumulate and interact with breast cancer tumor cells (red), non-cancerous794cells (blue), and infiltrating dendritic cells (pink). The vignette portrays the disruption795of PD-1 (apricot receptor) on the tissue-resident memory T cells and PD-L1 (red-pink796receptor) on breast cancer cells following blockade by checkpoint immunotherapy (anti-PD-1,797blue). Cover art by Dr. Maja Divjak.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cancer Cell/41_10.txt,multiBv1,41_10.txt,val798Lab Animal,53_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Lab Animal/53_9.png,C,"Animal models of post-COVID-19 condition799Over 40% of SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals experience lasting neurological issues; suitable animal models are needed to better understand these issues. In a new Perspective, Usai et al. provide an overview of the animal models that are available to mimic human post-COVID-19 condition, with a focus on neurological symptoms.800See Usai et al.801Cover image: Debbie Maizels. Cover design: Debbie Maizels",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Lab Animal/52_4.txt,multiBv1,52_4.txt,"Modeling sepsis in nonhuman primates802Sepsis is a life-threatening condition that is the result of dysregulated host responses to systemic infections. It remains difficult to treat, aside from the administration of early antibiotics and fluids. Nonhuman primates, like the baboon pictured, are important preclinical models of sepsis that can be more translationally relevant than rodents, providing researchers unique opportunities for understanding the condition and advancing potential therapies to the clinic.803See Chen et al.804Image: Mark Holdefehr/500px/Getty. Cover design: Erin Dewalt",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Lab Animal/48_10.txt,allv2,48_10.txt,"In vivo modeling of postpartum hemorrhage805Severe bleeding after childbirth – postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) – is a leading cause of maternal mortality worldwide. Several animal models have been developed for testing novel therapeutic materials; however, these animals differ considerably from the anatomy and physiology of a postpartum woman. In a new Review, Hargett, Leslie et al. critically evaluate available animal models of PPH and propose additional methods for modeling PPH in vivo.806See Gaharwar et al.807Cover image: Debbie Maizels. Cover design: Debbie Maizels.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Lab Animal/53_9.txt,groundtruth,53_9.txt,"The NeoThy humanized mouse model808Humanized mouse models with human fetal-derived hematopoietic system and lymphoid tissues are well-established, but ethical constraints and difficulties to access human fetal tissues limit their use. In a new Protocol, Del Rio, Huang et al. describe the development of the NeoThy mouse model, a humanized mouse model that incorporates neonatal thymus tissue and umbilical cord blood hematopoietic stem cells as non-fetal human tissue sources.809See Del Rio et al.810COVER IMAGE: Marina Spence. COVER DESIGN: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Lab Animal/52_6.txt,sbert,52_6.txt,test811Nature Cities,1_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Cities/1_12.png,D,"Of skies and skylines812How we build and manage our cities affects air, climate and views. In this issue, Anna Zhelnina considers efforts to preserve the iconic skyline of Saint Petersburg, Russia, while Xia et al. document how many cities effectively benefit from the carbon mitigation efforts of other cities connected by supply chains.813See Zhelnina and Xia et al.814Image: Kirill Nikitin/Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cities/1_6.txt,ave_3,1_6.txt,"Urbanization warming Indian cities815In a context of rapid industrialization, urbanization and climate change, Indian cities have experienced increasing warming. About 60% of the increased temperatures come from urbanization alone, especially in medium-sized cities.816See Sethi & Vinoj817Image: Dr. Vinoj. V, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, INDIA. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cities/1_7.txt,allv2,1_7.txt,"Cooling from natural areas818Overheating of cities is an increasing problem. Cao et al. investigate how neighboring rural land cover can mitigate and absorb urban heat.819See Yang et al.820Image: Shijie Cao, Southeast University, China. Cover design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cities/1_5.txt,multiBv1,1_5.txt,"Addressing heat exposure821Heat waves are becoming increasingly common in cities worldwide. Geogescu et al. estimate the potential to reduce the exposure of US city populations to extreme heat by comparing two methods: adapting in-place and mitigating local climate-warming activities.822See Georgescu et al.823Image: Sean Pavone/Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cities/1_12.txt,groundtruth,1_12.txt,train824ACS Catalysis,2024_22,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Catalysis/2024_22.png,A,"This study modifies the ZSM-5 zeolite support of Au/ZSM-5 catalysts through desilication-recrystallization to increase activity for partial methane oxidation. The treatment notably enhances oxygenate yield, primarily of methanol and acetic acid, by redistributing acid sites across the zeolite surface and stabilizing gold nanoparticles.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2024_22.txt,groundtruth,2024_22.txt,The cover shows an artificially colored focused ion beam scanning electron micrograph of a kaolin-bound ZSM-5 extrudate. The article by Javier Pérez-Ramírez and co-workers assesses the complexity of harmonizing the interaction between the zeolite and binder phases for the catalytic conversion of methanol to hydrocarbons. The major differences in performance observed highlight the critical need to rationalize the role of additives in heterogeneous catalysis (see page 2409).,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2014_5.txt,allv2,2014_5.txt,"For the Ni10-V-MgAl catalyst, the V promoter simultaneously entered the structure of Ni and the support, enhancing the activation of methane and carbon dioxide, which promoted the catalytic activity under the premise of long-term stability.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2021_11.txt,ave_2,2021_11.txt,scanning transition X-ray microscopy studies at the Ni and Co L-edges were utilized to observe electronic and morphological changes in a NiCo dry methane reforming (DMR) catalyst during the reductive activation step and during the DMR reaction,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2020_14.txt,sbert,2020_14.txt,train825NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY,42_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/42_5.png,D,"Scanning electron micrograph of T lymphocytes attacking a cancer cell. Kortylewski et al. activate antitumor immunity using a CpG toll-like receptor 9 agonist linked to siRNA (p 925). Credit: Steve Gschmeissner, Science Photo Library.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/27_3.txt,multiBv1,27_3.txt,"CAR macrophages826A scanning electron micrograph of a macrophage (top) and cancer cells. In this issue, Klichinsky et al. engineer macrophages with human chimeric antigen receptors, directing their phagocytic activity against tumors.827See Klichinsky et al.828Image: Steve Gschmeissner, Science Photo Library. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/38_5.txt,sbert,38_5.txt,An illustration of a tumor surrounded by T cells bearing cytokine 'backpacks'. The cytokine-delivery system developed by Tang et al. releases cytokines specifically at the tumor after T cells recognize a tumor antigen (p 707). Image credit: Yutao Dong,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/36_5.txt,allv2,36_5.txt,"Liposomal antibiotics unleash antitumor immune response829An illustration of liposomal antibiotics (pink lipid particles) targeting tumor-associated bacteria (colored spheres in central purple tumor), leading to activation of T cells (white) by cytokines (orange) released from antigen-presenting cells (not shown). Wang et al. show that killing bacteria in tumors by liposomal delivery of antibiotics generates neoantigens that enhance T cell antitumor immunity in a mouse model of colon cancer.830See Wang et al.831Image: Ella Maru Studio. Cover design: Erin Dewalt",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/42_5.txt,groundtruth,42_5.txt,train832Nature Biomedical Engineering,8_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Biomedical Engineering/8_8.png,C,"Prolonged immune activation via polymer–STING condensates833This issue highlights an albumin–IL-4 fusion protein that ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, the potency of CAR-T cells targeting a nucleophosmin neoepitope for treating acute myeloid leukaemia, vaccination against leukaemia via the sustained release of co-encapsulated anti-PD-1 and a leukaemia-associated antigen, the generation of hypoimmunogenic T cells from engineered allogeneic human induced pluripotent stem cells, erythrocyte-anchored chemokine-encapsulating nanoparticles for treating lung metastases, the durable activation of innate immune pathways by a polyvalent STING agonist, and the design of host defence peptides that specifically target Mycobacterium tuberculosis.834The cover illustrates that a polymeric STING agonist can prolong the activation of innate-immunity pathways via the formation of condensates.835See Li et al.836Image: Xianzhi Chen, Shenyang Zhiyan Science and Technology Co. Ltd. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Biomedical Engineering/5_8.txt,allv2,5_8.txt,"Antigen-agnostic tumour tagging for CAR T cell therapy837This issue highlights the generation of T cells expressing a tumour-directed receptor constitutively and an inducible transgene, the suppression of tumour growth via the cooperative phagocytic activity of macrophages, a nanoparticle targeting myeloid-cell-rich haematopoietic organs for resolving immunoparalysis, the amphiphilic tagging of cancer cells for the universal redirection of CAR T cells against tumours, an interleukin-6-adsorbing hydrogel for the suppression of cytokine release syndrome, glycosylated antigens for the suppression of established immune responses, a fusion protein of an immunosuppressive enzyme for treating local inflammation, the transcriptomic profiling of the fate of human CAR T cells in vivo, and the microfluidic isolation of tumour-reactive lymphocytes from peripheral blood.838The cover illustrates that the tagging of tumour cells with an amphiphilic ligand for a chimaeric antigen receptor on T cells allows for the universal redirection of the cells against solid tumours.839See Zhang et al.840Image: Angela Zhang and co-authors. Cover design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Biomedical Engineering/7_4.txt,multiBv1,7_4.txt,"Supramolecular bispecific T cell engagers with controllable disassembly841This issue highlights advances in the design of bispecific T cell engagers, chimeric antigen receptor T cells, mineralized bacteria and other cellular as well as molecular immunotherapies for the modulation of the activity of the immune system against cancers and other inflammatory conditions.842The cover illustrates the small-molecule-mediated control of the antitumour activity of a supramolecular bispecific T cell engager through its disassembly.843See Gong et al.844Image: Ningqiang Gong. Cover design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Biomedical Engineering/8_8.txt,groundtruth,8_8.txt,"Engineering extracellular vesicles to target T cells845This issue highlights intestinal organoids for the analysis of off-tumour toxicities of T-cell-engaging bispecific antibodies, the affinity maturation of mouse B cells reprogrammed to express human antibodies, modular chimaeric cytokine receptors with leucine zippers, engineered extracellular vesicles for targeting T cells and for the delivery of mRNA to neurons, immune-privileged tissues formed from immunologically cloaked mouse embryonic stem cells, mesenchymal stromal cells with chimaeric antigen receptors, the generation of antigen-specific mature T cells from engineered stem cells, and engineered heart tissue for the study of metabolic rewiring during tachycardia.846The cover illustrates that extracellular vesicles can be engineered with multiple functionalities for the targeted delivery of biologics to T cells.847See Stranford et al.848Image: Justin Muir. Cover design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Biomedical Engineering/8_9.txt,sbert,8_9.txt,val849Nature Cell Biology,26_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Cell Biology/26_4.png,D,Sharp Dpp boundaries sculpt fly legs by triggering cell death in the joints.,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cell Biology/9_12.txt,allv2,9_12.txt,"Cell atlas850Focus on mapping the cells of the body851See852Börner et al.853Image: Image courtesy of MC-IU HuBMAP team, Indiana University. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cell Biology/23_2.txt,multiBv1,23_2.txt,"Multi-organelle units854OrgaPlexing — an imaging pipeline to map metabolic organelles and their interactions — reveals changes in mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, peroxisome and lipid droplet dynamics that affect macrophage inflammatory lipid mediator synthesis.855See Zimmermann et al. and News & Views by Kleele856Image: Julia Zimmermann and Angelika Rambold, ""Organelle-Networks Immunology” Lab, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cell Biology/26_5.txt,sbert,26_5.txt,"Focus on cell death857The cover shows 3-colour live imaging in vivo demonstrating a role for ferroptosis-like cell death in triggering macrophage recruitment but delaying the resolution of inflammation during wounding in Drosophila. See Focus for more content. Focus858See Davidson et al.859Image: Andrew J. Davidson, University of Glasgow. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cell Biology/26_4.txt,groundtruth,26_4.txt,train860Science Translational Medicine,17_782,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Translational Medicine/17_782.png,B,"ONLINE COVER CAR and Driver. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells are a cancer immunotherapy engineered to recognize a specific antigen on a tumor surface. CAR T cell therapy can result in damage to healthy cells and/or tumor cells escaping destruction when a convenient target tumor antigen is not available. To address this problem, Park et al. first infected tumors with an oncolytic virus to express the antigen CD19, then delivered CAR T cells recognizing CD19 to destroy these tumors. The image shows a tumor infected with an oncolytic virus (green), with cell nuclei in blue. [CREDIT: A. K. PARK, S.-I. KIM, S. J. PRICEMAN/CITY OF HOPE]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Translational Medicine/12_559.txt,allv2,12_559.txt,"ONLINE COVER CAR T Kiss of Death. The cover image shows chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells (green), which have been genetically modified to reduce off-tumor toxicities, forming functional immune synapses in preparation to kill colon cancer cells (magenta). Nuclei are shown in blue. Despite the success of CAR T cells in cancer treatment, a lack of unique tumor antigens often leads to on-target, off-tumor toxicities. To overcome this clinical challenge, Wang et al. improved tumor-specific targeting by genetically modifying CAR T cells to prevent their interaction with endothelial cells, reducing their ability to migrate into healthy tissues while retaining their ability to enter and eradicate tumors. Their work presents an improvement of CAR T cell therapies by minimizing their toxicities while enhancing their antitumor potential. Credit: Wang et alMAC_Bench/Science Translational Medicine",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Translational Medicine/17_782.txt,groundtruth,17_782.txt,"ONLINE COVER Hitting the Brakes. The cover image shows OX40 ligand-specific chimeric antigen receptor regulatory T cells (OX40L–CAR-Tregs, red) in co-culture with K562 cells (blue) expressing OX40 ligand (green). Many of the CAR-Tregs have acquired OX40 ligand from the K562 cells through trogocytosis (red and green colocalization). CAR T cell therapies have revolutionized cancer treatment and prompted their application to other fields of medicine. Rui et al. applied CAR T cell technology to graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) by generating OX40L–CAR-Tregs. The authors found that OX40L–CAR-Tregs could suppress activation of alloreactive T cells, in part by their ability to strip OX40 ligand, an activation antigen, from antigen-presenting cells. This translated into protection from GVHD in a xenogeneic transplant mouse model, supporting further development of OX40L–CAR-Tregs for GVHD and, potentially, solid organ transplants. Credit: Rui et alMAC_Bench/Science Translational Medicine",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Translational Medicine/16_769.txt,ave_3,16_769.txt,"ONLINE COVER Taking CAR T Cells Up a Notch. This image shows three sections of a glioblastoma tumor (yellow, lower image) in a mouse brain (nuclei in blue) infiltrated with activated synthetic notch-chimeric antigen receptor (synNotch-CAR) T cells (cyan, upper image) and undergoing apoptosis (magenta, middle image). Tumor specificity and effector cell exhaustion are two challenges hindering the success of CAR T cells for solid tumors. In a pair of manuscripts, Choe  et al. and Hyrenius-Wittsten  et al. demonstrated that synNotch-CAR T cells, which only turn on expression of the CAR at the site of the tumor, were tumor-specific and kept CAR T cells in a less exhausted state. synNotch-CAR T cell treatment reduced tumor burden in mouse models of glioblastoma, mesothelioma, and ovarian cancer. Thus, synNotch-CAR T cells are an attractive option for overcoming challenges associated with treating solid tumors. [CREDIT: CHOE ET ALMAC_Bench/Science TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Translational Medicine/13_591.txt,ave_2,13_591.txt,train861NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY,21_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/21_9.png,B,"Spotlight on 2021, inspired by the Year in Reviews starting on p81862Cover design: Laura Marshall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/19_11.txt,allv2,19_11.txt,"Breaking barriers, inspired by the Review on p222.863Cover design: Laura Marshall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/21_9.txt,groundtruth,21_9.txt,"Opening the gates, inspired by the Review on p525.864Cover design: Laura Marshall.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/18_5.txt,multiBv1,18_5.txt,"Linked together, inspired by the Review on p599.865Cover design: Laura Marshall.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/18_4.txt,sbert,18_4.txt,train866Immunity,57_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Immunity/57_11.png,C,"On the cover: Microglia are thought to be developmentally derived from a common progenitor,867yet they reside in physiologically diverse niches of the central nervous system. O'Koren868and Yu et al. (723–737) show that microglia in discrete anatomical locations of the869retina are functionally distinct, both in how they are maintained locally and in their870contribution to neurophysiological responses. Furthermore, microglia occupy another871niche in retinal degenerative states, where they are reprogrammed to protect the retina872against disease-associated damage. The illustration of the ecological bird niches873in a tree is a metaphor for the distinct microglial niches of the retina described874in this paper. Image by Zhengdong Yang.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Immunity/50_4.txt,sbert,50_4.txt,"On the cover: Microglia, the immune cells of the brain, play an important role in875the maintenance of brain homeostasis, but they lose their homeostatic function during876the course of neurodegenerative disorders. In this issue of Immunity, Krasemann and Madore et al. (566–581) describe how the microglia phenotype switch877is regulated on the molecular level. Several homeostatic microglial genes including878P2ry12are downregulated during disease and aging, whereas Apoeis upregulated and serves as the major regulator of neurodegenerative microglia. TREM2879induced APOE signaling, and inhibiting the TREM2-APOE pathway restored the homeostatic880microglial function. The cover image illustrates homeostatic microglia maintained881by TGF-β signaling as Dr. Jekyll. APOE signaling induces neurodegenerative microglia882when they eat dying neurons and transform into Mr. Hyde in disease. Illustration by883Daisy Chung.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Immunity/47_4.txt,allv2,47_4.txt,"On the cover: Disease-associated microglia (DAMs) are associated with various neurological884disorders. In this issue, Lan et al. examine the plasticity and fate of DAMs during brain injury and recovery in juvenile885and neonatal mice and find that in the neonatal stroke models, DAM-like microglia886regained a homeostatic signature and integrated into the microglial network after887recovery but remained sensitized to subsequent immune challenges. Some microglia remain888within the core injury region, perishing alongside the damaged cells. However, other889microglia escape the infarct core, migrating away from the injury region and regaining890homeostatic features, akin to soaring butterflies rising from the ashes. Image created891by Zhong Wei and Yangning Lan.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Immunity/57_11.txt,groundtruth,57_11.txt,"On the cover: Inpp5d, a risk gene for Alzheimer’s disease, encodes the lipid phosphatase SHIP1. Matera, Compagnion, et al. demonstrate that Inpp5d is expressed in microglia during early postnatal brain development, where it limits892synaptic pruning in a complement-dependent manner. Perturbation of Inpp5d during brain development has long-lasting effects on cognitive function. The cover893image depicts microglial cells (magenta) interacting with neurons (cyan) in the mouse894CA1 hippocampal region during early development, specifically at postnatal day 15.895The plasticity and dynamism of microglia, which constantly scan the brain environment,896are highlighted by oil painting effect. Image acquisition and editing by Alessandro897Matera.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Immunity/58_2.txt,ave_3,58_2.txt,train898Molecular Therapy,32_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Molecular Therapy/32_5.png,A,On the cover: Schematic representation of mRNA translation to protein by a ribosome from Tkaczyk et al. Image credit: Astra Zeneca.,MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Therapy/32_5.txt,groundtruth,32_5.txt,"On the Cover: Although AAV researchers have previously discovered many molecules required for AAV899binding and entry, our picture remains incomplete (represented in this rendering of900the partial structure of AAV9). In Dudek et al., pp. 367–381, researchers use CRISPR/Cas901screens to uncover another pivotal piece of the puzzle. (Image credit: Eric Zinn,902Luk H. Vandenberghe Lab.)",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Therapy/28_13.txt,ave_2,28_13.txt,"On the Cover: The cover image details the mechanism of action of designed mRNA delivery to a target903cell via a liposomal nanoparticle. This special issue of Molecular Therapy is focused on the development of mRNA-based therapies. Katalin Kariko´ (BioNTech904RNA Pharmaceuticals GmbH) and Paloma Giangrande (Moderna) served as the guest editors.905Image courtesy of Moderna Inc.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Therapy/27_11.txt,allv2,27_11.txt,"On the Cover: Differences in endocytosis and intracellular traffic of mRNA (magenta) (coding for906GFP, green) by LNPs in different pre-clinical cancer cell models were highlighted907by a testing process called endocytic profiling. Imaging structures, such as endosomes,908lysosomes (upper right), Golgi (top left), and microtubules (bottom center), and measuring909endolysosomal pH can guide further investigations of nanoformulations as delivery910vectors for therapeutics. See Sayers et al., pp. 1950–1962.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Therapy/27_2.txt,ave_3,27_2.txt,train911ACS Applied Engineering Materials,2024_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Engineering Materials/2024_5.png,B,"Stimuli-responsive luminescent soft materials are of concurrent interest owing to their tunable processability for encryption, sensing, and multimodal security application. Herein, the coordination driven soft gel with lanthanides and a blue-emitting organic linker acts as a trichromic emitter, exhibiting excellent color-rendering efficiency.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Engineering Materials/2024_7.txt,multiBv1,2024_7.txt,A mesoporous Ag2ZrO3/GO nanocomposite with a high surface area and abundant available active sides was used for photocatalytic environmental remediation. Molecular dynamics endorses the formation of an interphase between Ag2ZrO3 and GO. This dynamic and visually striking cover art captures (Ag2ZrO3/GO nanocomposite) the essence of light as a multifaceted tool for sustainability and scientific progress.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Engineering Materials/2024_5.txt,groundtruth,2024_5.txt,"NH3 is considered an important chemical for producing plastics, fertilizers, nitric acid, explosives, and intermediates for pharmaceuticals. In this study, a Cu-rich bimetallic nanocomposite CuPt, on a nanofibrillar network of peptide bolaamphiphile hydrogel, is reported as a high-performance NO3RR electrocatalyst for converting NO3– to NH3. We were interested in visually representing the process of producing NH3 from industrial NO3– waste. To do this, we used a sketch of an industry obtained from",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Engineering Materials/2023_4.txt,allv2,2023_4.txt,"TiB2-derived nanosheets lead to the conversion of a majority γ-C2S phase to β-C2S phase, which is stable at room temperature. β-Phase stabilization enhances the initial rate and degree of hydration of dicalcium silicate, thereby reducing the carbon footprint of cement from the atmosphere (image by Bhagyashri Gaykwad, Prof. Kabeer Jasuja, and Xina Wang on Freepik). View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Engineering Materials/2023_8.txt,sbert,2023_8.txt,train912NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE,25_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/25_6.png,A,"‘Decoding speech’, inspired by the Review on p473.913Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/25_6.txt,groundtruth,25_6.txt,"‘Song processing’, inspired by the Perspective on p711.914Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/24_2.txt,allv2,24_2.txt,"‘The language network’, inspired by the Review on p289.915Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/25_8.txt,multiBv1,25_8.txt,"‘Talking in time’ inspired by the Review on p322.916Cover design: Jennie Vallis.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/21_7.txt,ave_1,21_7.txt,val917NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY,24_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/24_6.png,C,"COVER: Antigen presentation, inspired by the Review on p751.918Cover design: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/22_1.txt,ave_3,22_1.txt,"Origins of immunity, inspired by the Perspective on p629.919Cover design: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/22_3.txt,allv2,22_3.txt,"Sex differences in Immunity, inspired by the Review on p487.920Cover design: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/24_6.txt,groundtruth,24_6.txt,"COVER: Immune ageing, inspired by the Review on p484.921Cover design: Simon Bradbrook.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/22_5.txt,ave_2,22_5.txt,val922ACS Engineering Au,2024_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Engineering Au/2024_2.png,B,We have taken a piece of this reactor cake and used it for modeling the hydrodynamic behavior. Our results point to the regimes and design guidelines of internal recycling Berty reactors for catalyst testing.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Engineering Au/2022_5.txt,ave_2,2022_5.txt,"rinciple describes reversible processes, whereas the depolymerization of step-growth polymers involves driving the equilibrium toward the monomer side. Interpreting",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Engineering Au/2024_2.txt,groundtruth,2024_2.txt,"Driven by readily available renewable energy, the direct electrification of energy-intensive chemical processes via Joule heating provides a promising route for decarbonization, shows potential to overcome heat transfer limitations, and enables process intensification by the design of compact reactors.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Engineering Au/2024_6.txt,allv2,2024_6.txt,Frontier orbital energies of small organic molecules can be represented using knowledge-based and struct,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Engineering Au/2022_3.txt,sbert,2022_3.txt,test923Trends in Chemistry,6_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Chemistry/6_7.png,A,"Whilst many often look to past giants to find that spark of inspiration,924there is something exciting in looking to the future. For our two-part fifth anniversary925special issue, Trends in Chemistry is amplifying rising stars and emerging leaders926in927chemistry today. Our cover for part 1 showcases the 'great career race' for early-career928scientists today, with key milestones towards promotion and the many paths that can929be taken on the road to success. Each running at their own pace, the authors in this930issue are all aiming to innovate with an impact, solve real-world problems and become931inspiring leaders themselves. Artwork credit: Phillip Krzeminski",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/6_7.txt,groundtruth,6_7.txt,"Whilst many often look to past giants to find that spark of inspiration,932there is something exciting in looking to the future. For our two-part fifth anniversary933special issue, Trends in Chemistry is amplifying rising stars and emerging leaders934in935chemistry today. Our cover for Part II continues on from Part I, highlighting some936of the937milestones and many paths taken on the 'great career race' for early-career scientists938today. Each running at their own pace, the authors in this special issue are all aiming939to innovate with an impact, solve real-world problems and become inspiring leaders940themselves. Artwork credit: Phillip Krzeminski",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/6_6.txt,ave_2,6_6.txt,"Whilst many often look to past giants to find that spark of inspiration,941there is something exciting in looking to the future. For our two-part fifth anniversary942special issue, Trends in Chemistry is amplifying rising stars and emerging leaders943in944chemistry today. Our cover for part 1 showcases the 'great career race' for early-career945scientists today, with key milestones towards promotion and the many paths that can946be taken on the road to success. Each running at their own pace, the authors in this947issue are all aiming to innovate with an impact, solve real-world problems and become948inspiring leaders themselves. Artwork credit: Phillip Krzeminski",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/6_8.txt,allv2,6_8.txt,"Whilst many often look to past giants to find that spark of inspiration,949there is something exciting in looking to the future. For our two-part fifth anniversary950special issue, Trends in Chemistry is amplifying rising stars and emerging leaders951in952chemistry today. Our cover for Part II continues on from Part I, highlighting some953of the954milestones and many paths taken on the 'great career race' for early-career scientists955today. Each running at their own pace, the authors in this special issue are all aiming956to innovate with an impact, solve real-world problems and become inspiring leaders957themselves. Artwork credit: Phillip Krzeminski",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/6_5.txt,ave_3,6_5.txt,val958NATURE METHODS,21_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE METHODS/21_3.png,B,"Method of the Year 2018959Imaging in freely behaving animals is our Method of the Year 2018 for the possibilities this approach opens up in investigations of complex behaviors, including social interactions in a naturalistic environment.960Cover design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE METHODS/16_12.txt,ave_3,16_12.txt,"20 years of Nature Methods961This month, Nature Methods celebrates its 20th anniversary with a special feature.962See Editorial963Image: Thomas Phillips, Springer Nature. Cover design: Thomas Phillips",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE METHODS/21_3.txt,groundtruth,21_3.txt,"The cover celebrates ten years of Nature Methods. Design by Erin Dewalt, based on images of the number '10' generated by multiple methods, contributed by Yonggang Ke (Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University); Kristina Woodruff and Sebastian Maerkl (Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne); Akira Takai, Yasushi Okada, Masahiro Nakano and Takeharu Nagai (Osaka University); Alan Shaw and Björn Högberg (Karolinska Institutet); Lauren Polstein and Charles Gersbach (Duke University); Sandra Duffy (Griffith University); and Navneet Dogra and T. Kyle Vanderlick (Yale University). Visit Methagora for more information about these images.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE METHODS/11_3.txt,ave_2,11_3.txt,"Special Feature: Nature Methods turns 15!964This month we celebrate the fifteen-year anniversary of Nature Methods. The cover artwork comprises images from previous covers of Nature Methods throughout the years.965Cover design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE METHODS/16_3.txt,allv2,16_3.txt,train966Nature Sustainability,7_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Sustainability/7_8.png,C,"Tuna-dependent economies and climate change967Climate change will shift tuna fish away from the tropics. The study by Bell and colleagues finds two routes to sustaining the tuna-dependent economies of Pacific Small Island Developing States—reducing greenhouse gas emissions or negotiating to maintain the current benefits they receive from tuna.968See Bell et al.969Image: ©ISSF, Fabien Forget. Cover Design: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Sustainability/4_3.txt,ave_1,4_3.txt,"Sustainable space970We are rapidly expanding our reach into Earth’s orbital space and beyond. The adverse impacts of this development occur right here on Earth’s surface and in our atmosphere, in our near orbital space and all the way to our ability to see into the stars. As we show in this month’s Focus, it is now urgent to extend our notions of protecting a sustainable future on Earth to ensure a sustainable future in space.971See Editorial972Credit: NASA/ESA/STScI. Cover Design: Alex Whitworth.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Sustainability/7_10.txt,multiBv1,7_10.txt,"Jobs in transition973A more sustainable economic system will have substantial effects on employment as sectors will downsize and jobs will be lost while emerging industries will need new workforce. This Focus issue highlights the likely effects of a sustainability transition on jobs and the barriers that both research and policy should overcome to facilitate such a transition.974See Focus page here975Image and cover design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Sustainability/7_8.txt,groundtruth,7_8.txt,"Land freight multiple impacts976Per-capita land freight in the United States, as pictured, has been increasing in recent decades. Bond and colleagues analyse projections to 2050 to examine the emissions, health and climate impacts of US freight truck and rail transportation under various policy scenarios.977See Bond et al.978Image: Mark Stone/CIG/ aerial support by LightHawk/University of Washington. Cover Design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Sustainability/2_11.txt,allv2,2_11.txt,train979Cell Systems,15_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Systems/15_9.png,D,"On the cover: The authors’ interpretation of Conrad Hal Waddington’s epigenetic landscape980metaphor. In this issue of Cell Systems, Coomer and colleagues (83–102) demonstrate how stochasticity, as pervasive variability981in single-cell data, changes the shape and qualitative features of the epigenetic982landscape and the differentiation dynamics. Development is not a random-walk on the983landscape, but the shape of the landscape changes in ways that cannot be captured984by deterministic dynamics alone. Image courtesy of Lucy Ham.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Systems/13_12.txt,allv2,13_12.txt,"On the cover: A global network of pairwise genetic interaction profile similarities985visualized using Cytoscape. Colors highlight prominent and coherent clusters enriched986for different GO terms. In this issue of Cell Systems, Heigwer et al. (p. 346–362) report a global network of profile similarities to understand987complex gene regulatory networks. The authors generate synthetic genetic interaction988and cell morphology profiles of more than 6,800 genes in cultured Drosophila cells and use the resulting map for machine-learning-based gene function discovery,989enabling uncovering mechanisms underlying genetic interactions at the single-cell990level.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Systems/14_8.txt,sbert,14_8.txt,"On the cover: Fitness landscapes. In this issue, Pan et al. (555–568) characterize991differential fitness responses to genetic perturbations in cancer cell lines and demonstrate992the utility of these fitness profiles in studying gene function. Inspired by the classic993album cover of Joy Division's Unknown Pleasures record and enabled by Claus Wilke's R-package “ggridges,” the cover image is an artistic994interpretation generated using real data from the fitness responses of 342 cancer995cell lines to knockout of individual genes, each represented by a trace. Image credit:996Robin Meyers, Joshua Pan, and Eric Smith.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Systems/6_2.txt,ave_2,6_2.txt,"On the cover: 2nd and 3rd elementary landscapes (ELs) (top and middle, respectively)997and a linear combination of 2nd and 3rd ELs (bottom). Each vertex represents a unique998genotype, and colors indicate simulated fitness. Edges connect genotypes accessible999by a single mutation. In this issue of Cell Systems, Meger et al. experimentally characterize the DNA specificity landscape in the LacI/GalR family1000of gene regulators, revealing its extreme ruggedness and providing insights into the1001evolutionary dynamics shaping DNA specificity and regulatory function. Image credit:1002the authors.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Systems/15_9.txt,groundtruth,15_9.txt,train1003NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY,42_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/42_6.png,D,Fluorescence image of live human embryonic kidney cells showing voltage-gated sodium channels stained with a voltage-sensitive fluorescent dye. González and colleagues describe rapid electro-optical method for screening candidate ion-channel blockers. (p. 439),MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/24_9.txt,sbert,24_9.txt,"A pseudocolored scanning electron microscopy image of nanobeads carrying VSVG-pseudotyped lenti viruses. Schubert et al. report a method to target single cells in live animals for viral transduction by guiding the magnetic beads to a cell in the mouse brain using an electromagnetic field (p 81). Image credit: G. Morison and R. Schubert, ETH Zürich, for SEM imaging and M. Oeggeli, Micronaut, for coloring.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/36_12.txt,allv2,36_12.txt,Artist’s impression of digital ELISA. Rissin et al. determine protein abundance by capturing beads bearing single analyte molecules in arrayed femtoliter-volume reaction chambers (p 595). Credit: Ken Eward © BioGrafx.,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/28_7.txt,multiBv1,28_7.txt,"Measuring organellar sodium ions1004A DNA nanodevice measuring organellar sodium ion levels in lysosomes of living cells. Zou et al. developed RatiNa for imaging intracellular Na+ at single-organelle resolution.1005See Zou et al.1006Image: Junyi Zou and Bruna Di Giacomo. Cover design: Erin Dewalt",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/42_6.txt,groundtruth,42_6.txt,train1007Nature Plants,11_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Plants/11_1.png,B,"Genetic colour code1008Most oranges and other cultivated citrus fruits tend to have light yellow or green flesh. But different abilities to synthesise anthocyanin produce different colours, controlled by the Ruby2–Ruby1 gene cluster.1009See Huang, D. et al.1010Image: X. Jiang & Q. Xu. Cover Design: L. Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Plants/4_2.txt,ave_3,4_2.txt,"Expanding the diversity of sweet potato1011Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) is a hexaploid crop with an annual production in excess of 80 million tonnes. Detailed sequencing and phenotyping of 294 accessions showed that variations in their principal agronomic traits (expanded tuberous roots and orange colour) result from increased dosage of two genes: the expansin gene IbEXPA4 and the Orange gene.1012See Zhang, X. et al.1013Image: Zhangjun Fei, Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, NY, USA. Cover design: Erin Dewalt",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Plants/11_1.txt,groundtruth,11_1.txt,"Digging for weevil resistance in sweet potato variety1014Sweet potato weevils are a major crop pest, causing substantial economic and environmental harm in the tropics and subtropics. Identifying genes conveying resistance to weevils, such as SPWR1 and SPWR2, is a route to eco-friendly pest management.1015See Liu, et al.1016Image: Guoguo Mei. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Plants/8_2.txt,multiBv1,8_2.txt,"Preventing aerial potatoes1017Potato tubers are specialized structures for storing carbon underground, helping the plant survive the winter. A single gene, BRANCHED1b, blocks the accumulation of sugars in above-ground plant organs. Its loss results in tubers growing on shoots.1018See Nicolas, M. et al.1019Image: Inés Poveda, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-CSIC. Cover Design: E. Dewalt. Hero image credit: Yihua Zhou, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, CAS",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Plants/8_11.txt,allv2,8_11.txt,train1020Nature Climate Change,15_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Climate Change/15_1.png,B,"Glacier response to ice-shelf melt1021Ice loss from Antarctica is sensitive to changes in ice shelves, including the Ross Ice Shelf as shown on the cover. Finite-element modelling reveals that localized ice-shelf thinning, particularly in locations vulnerable to warm-water intrusion, can have far-reaching impacts across the entire shelf via tele-buttressing.1022See Reese et al. and News & Views by Gagliardini.1023Image: André Gilden/Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Climate Change/8_12.txt,allv2,8_12.txt,"Observing a smoother Arctic1024As sea ice moves around it can experience deformation and form pressure ridges, which in turn can affect the atmospheric circulation and support ecosystems. Writing in this issue of Nature Climate Change, Krumpen and colleagues use airborne observations to show that the number of pressure ridges has declined in recent decades, mainly due to a loss of older ice.1025See Krumpen et al. and News & Views Maksym1026Image: Andreas Preusser, Alfred Wegener Institute. Cover design: Vanitha Selvarajan",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Climate Change/15_1.txt,groundtruth,15_1.txt,"Snow under the microscope1027Snow is a key component of the climate system and is undergoing substantial changes as a consequence of anthropogenic warming. The spatial coverage and thickness of Earth’s snow cover is decreasing dramatically, with implications for water resources, atmospheric teleconnections and planetary albedo. This issue includes a Focus collection of Comments, Reviews, Perspectives and original research documenting the key role snow plays in the climate system and how this may be modified with climate change. The collection can also be found online at: nature.com/collections/snow.1028Image: Design Pics Inc/Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Climate Change/8_2.txt,ave_3,8_2.txt,"Arctic erosion reduces ocean CO2 sink1029Permafrost melting is linked to a number of reinforcing feedback processes accelerating warming. Writing in this issue, Nielsen and colleagues study how increased rates of Arctic coastal erosion, due to permafrost melt, affect Arctic Ocean biogeochemical cycling in an Earth system model. They find that greater terrestrial carbon input limits the amount of atmospheric carbon dioxide that the ocean can sequester, leading to amplified warming.1030See Nielsen et al. and News & Views by Manizza1031Image: Jenni Schurr and David M. Nielsen. Cover design: Debbie Maizels",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Climate Change/14_4.txt,multiBv1,14_4.txt,train1032Caner Cell,42_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Caner Cell/42_8.png,D,"On the cover: Fitzsimons et al. present a comprehensive pan-cancer single-cell RNA-seq atlas of intratumoral B cells,1033revealing key associations with responses to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy and1034placing these findings in a spatial context. The cover artwork depicts the identification1035of B cells within the tumor microenvironment, illustrating the high-resolution phenotyping1036of distinct B cell subsets.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Caner Cell/42_3.txt,sbert,42_3.txt,"On the cover: Aggressively growing cancer cells (black), displayed in an abstract1037fragile lung, are embedded in a heterogenous network of immune and stromal cells (red,1038yellow, and blue lines). Salcher et al. have created a single-cell transcriptome atlas1039of a large non-small-cell lung cancer patient cohort, and they depict the tumor microenvironment1040at high resolution. Tumor-associated neutrophils show a distinct pro-inflammatory1041and pro-angiogenic phenotype, boosting cancer inflammation, fueling tumor growth,1042and blocking immunotherapy efficiency. Artwork by Lisa Horvath.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Caner Cell/40_1.txt,multiBv1,40_1.txt,"On the cover: Friedrich et al. (711–725) reveal the mode of action of bispecific antibodies1043in patients with multiple myeloma. Particularly important for a response to bispecific1044antibody therapy are specific CD8+ T cells, which drive an effective immune response. On the other hand, if there are1045too many already exhausted CD8+ T cells, this predicts failure of bispecific antibody treatment in multiple myeloma.1046Individual differences in the immune repertoire thus determine the clinical response1047to treatment. The cover is inspired by pointillism, the painting technique pioneered1048by Georges Seurat, and highlights how single dots of varying color (T cells in different1049cell states) can blend together from a distance and make up an individual’s immune1050repertoire. Seurat is also the name of the single-cell genomics tool used to visualize1051some of the data in the paper. Artwork by Su Min Suh.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Caner Cell/41_9.txt,allv2,41_9.txt,"On the cover: Dyikanov et al. develop a machine learning platform that classifies a patient’s immune system into1052five immunotypes using a blood test. On the cover, the railway map represents these1053immunotypes as train stations with distinct characteristics. G1-naive and G2-primed,1054characteristic of immune systems with the greatest potential to respond to immunogenic1055stimuli, are represented by a fertile, green landscape. G3-progressive is a transitional1056immunotype represented by a central hub. The G4-chronic station is a heavily developed1057urban landscape, symbolizing an immune system shaped by persistent activation and1058chronic antigen exposure. G5-suppressive is a desert that represents a depleted immune1059system. The trains ferry passengers among different stations along the railway lines,1060symbolizing the dynamic nature of one’s immunotype depending on their health or disease1061status. (Image credit: Alfiia Mustafina).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Caner Cell/42_8.txt,groundtruth,42_8.txt,val1062Nature Computational Science,4_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Computational Science/4_12.png,A,"Prediction of life outcomes1063While the socio-demographic factors that play an important role in human lives are well understood, accurately predicting life outcomes has not been possible. In this issue, Sune Lehmann et al. introduce a machine learning approach, based on language processing techniques, that can predict different aspects of human lives. The proposed model — called ‘life2vec’ — establishes relationships between concepts, captured by an embedding space, that form the foundation for the predictions of life outcomes. The image depicts such an embedding space as it converges, where the white dots represent individuals and white lines represent how they move as the model is optimized. The shades of blue represent the density of points: the brighter the blue, the higher the density.1064See Sune Lehmann et al.1065Image: Germans Savcisens, Technical University of Copenhagen. Cover design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Computational Science/4_12.txt,groundtruth,4_12.txt,"The future of Earth-system modeling1066Weather and climate prediction has achieved steady progress over the past few decades thanks to advances in computational science. Nevertheless, our Earth-system models must adapt, and fast, to the explosion of data challenges and to future computing architectures. In this issue, Bauer et al. discuss the current limitations in the field and potential solutions to best exploit what new digital technologies have to offer.1067See Bauer et al.1068Image: lowball-jack/DigitalVision Vectors/Getty Images. Cover design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Computational Science/1_11.txt,sbert,1_11.txt,"Urban planning assisted by machine learning1069Spatial urban planning is a highly complex task that mostly depends on the intuition and experiences of human experts. In this issue, Yu Zheng et al. propose an integrated human–ML (machine learning) collaborative workflow that uses deep reinforcement learning to optimize the generation of land use and road layouts for urban communities. Such an approach delegates the more time-consuming and computational-heavy steps to ML, leaving the more conceptual steps in the hands of human planners.1070See Yu Zheng et al. and Paolo Santi1071Image: jong ho shin / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Computational Science/3_4.txt,multiBv1,3_4.txt,"Advances in human mobility science1072The field of human mobility has evolved drastically in the past 20 years. The increasing availability of data describing how people move across space and the ever-growing advances in computational science have allowed researchers to uncover regularities in many human activities that involve movements. But what’s next? Laura Alessandretti et al. discuss three key areas in human mobility — framed as minds, societies, and algorithms — where they expect to see substantial improvements in the future. Also in this issue, Marta C. González et al. demonstrate how a combination of both individuals’ mobility data (for instance, from smartphones) and data collected from dwellers (for instance, travel survey data) can be used to understand the evolution of urban spatial structure.1073See Laura Alessandretti et al., Marta C. González et al. and James Bagrow1074Image: Orbon Alija / E+ / Getty Images. Cover design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Computational Science/3_6.txt,allv2,3_6.txt,train1075Science Immunology,9_102,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Immunology/9_102.png,A,"ONLINE COVER How Helminths Evade the Immune System. Approximately one-third of humans are infected by worm-like parasites called helminths, which have developed multiple strategies to evade immune-mediated destruction. Bohnacker et al. studied mice infected with the murine intestinal helminth Heligmosomoides polygyrus bakeri (Hpb) to define parasite-mediated mechanisms of immune evasion. They report that helminthic glutamate dehydrogenase (heGDH) targets macrophages by inducing production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and other immunomodulatory molecules. heGDH also suppresses leukotriene synthesis, which prevents alternative macrophage and T helper 2 (TH2) cell activation. This is yet another strategy devised by helminths to suppress antiparasite immune responses and thereby facilitate the establishment of chronic infections. This month’s cover features an adult female Hpb in the center, flanked by adult Hpb males with their characteristic caudal bursae on the left and right sides, crescent-shaped Hpb larvae from various stages surrounding the adults, and Hpb eggs in the four corners of the image. Credit: A. Mastin/Science Immunology",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Immunology/9_102.txt,groundtruth,9_102.txt,ONLINE COVER Activating Acetylcholine Production. This month's cover shows a section of mouse jejunum prepared 7 days after infection with the helminth parasite Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. Hyperplasia of both yellow goblet cells (stained with the UEA-I lectin) and magenta tuft cells (expressing doublecortin-like kinase 1) is observed as part of the host immune response to this infection. Roberts et al. found that ILC2 synthesis and secretion of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine contributed to effective expulsion of the parasites. [CREDIT: NAVEEN PARMAR/NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY],MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Immunology/6_57.txt,allv2,6_57.txt,"ONLINE COVER Guarding the Brain from Infection. The central nervous system (CNS) is shielded from invading pathogens through a combination of barriers and immune surveillance. Kim et al. identified a population of brain-localized macrophages capable of defending against systemic viruses to limit viral propagation in the CNS. This month’s cover shows blood vessels (yellow) within the connective membrane covering the brain, known as the dura mater, with the protective macrophages expressing MHCII (magenta) distributed along the venous sinus. Credit: Kim et alMAC_Bench/Science Immunology",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Immunology/8_88.txt,ave_3,8_88.txt,"ONLINE COVER The Immunology of Human Schistosomiasis. Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease caused by blood flukes in the genus Schistosoma. Humans are typically infected through agricultural, domestic, and fishing activities that expose them to contaminated water. Houlder et al. studied how the immune features of schistosomiasis change over time by tracking immune responses during acute human Schistosoma mansoni infections in a controlled experimental setting. The early stages of infection were dominated by an inflammatory type 1 T helper (TH1) cell–skewed response regardless of whether participants were infected with male or female cercariae-stage parasites. By 8 weeks, however, type 2 T helper (TH2) and T regulatory (Treg) cells dominated the response, consistent with chronic schistosomiasis. This month’s cover features fishermen on Lake Malawi near Cape Maclear, Malawi, a site endemic for schistosomiasis. Credit: Robert Harding Picture Libr. Ltd/Getty Images",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Immunology/9_97.txt,ave_2,9_97.txt,train1076ACS Photonics,2024_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Photonics/2024_9.png,D,"The image on the cover is an artistic representation of graphene, which, given its unique optical, mechanical, and chemical properties, continues to attract the interest of different scientific and engineering subfields. In this issue, authors report the use of graphene quantum dots in CIGS solar cells, graphene/silicon photodetectors, plasmon propagation in graphene, and more. Image Credit: Shutterstock.com.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Photonics/2018_2.txt,ave_2,2018_2.txt,The illustration artistically demonstrates the boosting of light in-coupling into an optical fiber at almost grazing incidence via a dielectric axisymmetric nanostructure. Image courtesy of Anastasia Shalaeva.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Photonics/2020_3.txt,ave_3,2020_3.txt,"The image artistically illustrates the interaction of light with a colloidal superstructure of a triangulated core decorated with gold nanoparticles. Besides the excitation of hotspots at the so-called satellite particles, the pronounced diffuse scattering is portrayed, which is characteristic for larger core particles above 100 nm in size.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Photonics/2020_6.txt,allv2,2020_6.txt,"The image shows a glowing circle of dots on a black background. The dots are evenly spaced and become smaller as they move away from the center, creating a sense of movement and energy.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Photonics/2024_9.txt,groundtruth,2024_9.txt,train1077Trendsin Neurosciences,47_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trendsin Neurosciences/47_10.png,B,"Microglia have traditionally been associated with brain infection and disease. However,1078numerous recent studies have demonstrated that microglia also have important physiological1079roles in the nervous system, even in the absence of pathologies. On pages 209–217,1080Wake et al. review microglial contributions to the development, plasticity and maintenance of1081neural circuits. The cover design is a confocal image showing microglial cells (green),1082which tile the surface of the retina and lie in close proximity to retinal ganglion1083cell axons (blue). They cluster at the center of the retina, where the axons converge1084to leave the eye and form the optic nerve. Image credit: Alejandra Bosco and Monica1085Vetter.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trendsin Neurosciences/36_9.txt,allv2,36_9.txt,"Microglia are the primary immune cells of the central nervous system1086(CNS). Emerging evidence highlights the roles of homeostatic microglia in regulating1087neuronal activity, interacting with synapses, tuning neural circuits, and modulating1088behavior. In this issue of Trends in Neurosciences, Shunyi Zhao, Anthony Umpierre,1089and Long-Jun Wu review how microglia sense and regulate neuronal activity through1090synaptic interactions, thereby directly engaging with neural networks and influencing1091behavior in adult mice. The cover features a 3D reconstructed two-photon image of1092microglia (blue) interacting with cortical excitatory neurons and apical dendrites1093(red).1094The cover image was acquired and processed by Shunyi Zhao.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trendsin Neurosciences/47_10.txt,groundtruth,47_10.txt,"Microglia, the resident innate immune cells of the brain, are reactive to traumatic1095brain injury (TBI) and drive long-term inflammation that may contribute to the high1096prevalence of neuropathological complications after TBI. In this issue of Trends in Neurosciences, Lynde Wangler and Jonathan Godbout discuss the influence of aging and interferons1097on microglial reactivity and priming after TBI. The cover features a histological1098image of IBA1+ microglia in the cortex 7 days after diffuse TBI induced by midline1099fluid percussion injury in aged mice. The image demonstrates the broad morphological1100diversity that aged reactive microglia adopt following injury, including rod microglia.1101Cover image was acquired and processed by Lynde Wangler.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trendsin Neurosciences/46_2.txt,ave_3,46_2.txt,"Microglia, the resident immune cells of the brain, adopt diverse roles that1102span development, adulthood, and aging. Once thought to be a relatively homogeneous1103population, there is a growing recognition that microglia are highly specialized to1104suit1105their specific brain region, with the cerebellum being one such area of specialization.1106In this issue of Trends in Neurosciences, Mark Stoessel and Ania Majewska discuss1107the roles cerebellar microglia play as they interact with the cerebellar environment,1108and1109how these roles contrast with those of microglial populations in other brain regions.1110The1111cover features an artistic representation of cerebellar microglia interacting with1112a lone1113Purkinje cell, the primary output cell of the cerebellum. Cover image by Rianne Stowell.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trendsin Neurosciences/44_6.txt,multiBv1,44_6.txt,train1114Molecular Plant,17_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Molecular Plant/17_1.png,C,"On The Cover In plants, RNA-directed DNA Methylation (RdDM) is known to play important roles in1115transposon silencing, gene regulation and antiviral defense. RdDM is iniatiated with1116the transcription of target sequences by a plant-specific RNA polymerase Pol IV. In1117this issue, Xu et al. report a critical role of OsNRPD1, the largest subunit of Pol1118IV, in the regulation of rice tillering, and Zhang et al. report that the targeted1119degradation of OsNRPD1 triggered by expression of P3, a rice bunyavirus-encoded protein,1120via the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is essential for viral pathogenesis. The1121cover artwork diagrams the confrontation of the Monkey King, a famous Chinese mythological1122figure, with the Buddha. Hundreds of monkey descendants can be made from the hairs1123of the Monkey King, resembling functionally diversified small RNAs generated by Pol1124IV. The Buddha represents the cellular ubiquitin-proteasome system, and the flying1125dragon denotes P3, a virus virulence protein that functions as a messenger activating1126UPS to target Pol IV for degradation. Image by: Shanshan Zhao.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/13_8.txt,allv2,13_8.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Lei et al. explore the regulatory role of the long non-coding RNA1127ALEX1 in enhancing the resistance of rice to bacterial infections through its interaction1128with ARF3. Under normal conditions, ALEX1 is expressed at low levels, allowing ARF3 to aggregate into solid-like condensates,1129representing an inactive or “non-functional” phase state. However, upon pathogen infection,1130ALEX1 expression is upregulated, and it binds directly to the MR domain of ARF3, facilitating1131its dimerization and preventing condensate formation. This transition maintains an1132active ARF3 pool, which represses the transcription of JAZ13 and activates the jasmonic acid (JA) pathway, thereby enhancing plant defense. The1133cover image depicts the dynamic interplay between ALEX1 and ARF3 in modulating rice immunity. ALEX1 is portrayed as a bow, symbolizing its role in activating ARF3, represented by arrows.1134The quiver on the angel's back, filled with blue arrows, signifies ARF3 in its non-functional1135condensate state. This visual metaphor highlights how ALEX1 enables ARF3 transition to a functional state, orchestrating plant defense responses1136against bacterial pathogens. Image by Meng-Qi Lei, Yang Yu and Yue-Qin Chen.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/18_3.txt,ave_3,18_3.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Liu et al. show that MYB3R-like interacts with the methyltransferase1137RID2 to maintain the 5’ cap structure of WUSCHEL (WUS) mRNA and protect it from degradation. As the most important stem cell regulator,1138WUSCHEL maintains the accuracy of protein synthesis in stem cells by repressing key1139components in protein folding to prevent the reuse of refolded proteins. Upon heat1140stress, which results in extensive increases of misfolded proteins in stem cells,1141the MYB3R-like/RID2 module is suppressed to decap WUS mRNA and reduce its stability. This releases the inhibition of protein folding capacity1142in stem cells to eliminate misfolded proteins and allows stem cell survival at high1143temperatures. The cover image is designed by the inspiration from the ancient Chinese1144myth “Journey to the West”. After the havoc in heaven, the Monkey King is captured1145and sealed in a magic alchemy furnace. The Monkey King needs to break the shackles1146by kicking over the alchemy furnace to save himself from fire, just as stem cells1147need to reduce WUS transcripts by decapping nascent WUS mRNAs to protect themselves under heat stress. Image by Sumei Liu.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/17_1.txt,groundtruth,17_1.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Lei et al. explore the regulatory role of the long non-coding RNA1148ALEX1 in enhancing the resistance of rice to bacterial infections through its interaction1149with ARF3. Under normal conditions, ALEX1 is expressed at low levels, allowing ARF3 to aggregate into solid-like condensates,1150representing an inactive or “non-functional” phase state. However, upon pathogen infection,1151ALEX1 expression is upregulated, and it binds directly to the MR domain of ARF3, facilitating1152its dimerization and preventing condensate formation. This transition maintains an1153active ARF3 pool, which represses the transcription of JAZ13 and activates the jasmonic acid (JA) pathway, thereby enhancing plant defense. The1154cover image depicts the dynamic interplay between ALEX1 and ARF3 in modulating rice immunity. ALEX1 is portrayed as a bow, symbolizing its role in activating ARF3, represented by arrows.1155The quiver on the angel's back, filled with blue arrows, signifies ARF3 in its non-functional1156condensate state. This visual metaphor highlights how ALEX1 enables ARF3 transition to a functional state, orchestrating plant defense responses1157against bacterial pathogens. Image by Meng-Qi Lei, Yang Yu and Yue-Qin Chen.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/18_1.txt,ave_2,18_1.txt,train1158Trends in Ecology & Evolution,39_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/39_11.png,C,"It has long been known that animals can gain information about their environment from1159other species operating at the same trophic level as themselves. On pp. 354–361 of1160this issue, Eben Goodale and colleagues ask whether this information can also influence1161the spatial structure of mixed-species groups of animals. The concepts are illustrated1162on this month’s cover using mixed-species clusters of imaginary fish. Shared information1163about the habitat is represented on the surface at the centre of the image while information1164about predators is shown flowing between the individuals as ribbons of binary data.1165Cover image created by Lalith Manage, Janananda Laksiri and Eben Goodale (with thanks1166to Jeffrey B. Graham, Jens Krause and Richard Rosenblatt for comments).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/25_8.txt,allv2,25_8.txt,"Iridescent signals change constantly with viewing geometry and illumination. However,1167to be reliable, signals must be consistent, and easily perceived and evaluated by1168receivers. On pages 187–195, Devi Stuart-Fox and colleagues discuss this paradox and1169argue that iridescence can be a reliable signal when accompanied by adaptations to1170enhance reliability. The cover image shows an iridescent jewel beetle (Temognatha chevrolatii) feeding on mallee flowers (Eucalyptus sp.) in Western Australia. Photo credit: Amanda Franklin.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/36_10.txt,sbert,36_10.txt,"Organisms can gain information about other individuals through1171visual signals. These signals often involve patches of colour that are viewed against1172a background that can be another part of the same animal or an environmental1173background, both demonstrated by the chromodorid nudibranch depicted here. On1174pages 188–198, Eleanor Caves and colleagues argue that how a colour signal is1175perceived is highly dependent on its background. As such, to understand the function1176and evolution of colour signals, the signal must be considered in conjunction with1177the1178background as a 'multicomponent' signal. Photo credit: Jordan Casey.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/39_11.txt,groundtruth,39_11.txt,"Genomes conceal a vast intricate record of their carriers’ decent and evolution. To1179disclose this information, biologists need phylogenetic models that integrate various1180levels of organization, ranging from nucleotide sequences to ecological interactions.1181On pp. 224–232 of this issue, Bastien Boussau and Vincent Daubin review the recent1182advances and possible developments towards a comprehensive reconstruction of the history1183of life. The cover image is a painting by Françoise Boussau-Janon: The use of molecular1184phylogenetics reveals a forest of gene trees, with each tree representing a distorted1185and fractional version of the history of organisms.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/25_10.txt,multiBv1,25_10.txt,test1186Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research,2024_40,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_40.png,A,"In a whimsical journey through microchannel landscapes, our study delves into electroosmotic micromixing adventures. Navigating serpentine twists, we discover that strategically placed chemical patches induce counter-rotating vortices, enhancing mixing efficiency. Positive and negative ζ-potentials choreograph flow, offering a vibrant canvas for controlled microfluidic exploration.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_40.txt,groundtruth,2024_40.txt,"A universal, modular, and tunable microfluidic architecture, combining plastic microfluidic cartridges and pre-degassed polymeric micropumps, is presented. The micropump absorbs air producing a negative pressure and triggering the movement of fluids within the microchannel. A wide range of fluid volumes may be processed in these microsystems, which is an unprecedented fact in self-powered microfluidics.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2020_1.txt,sbert,2020_1.txt,Fluorescent Molecular Rotors are fluorescent molecules whose fluorescence lifetime and intensity are enhanced in media of high viscosity. We use this property to map quantitatively the evolution of viscosity during mixing of fluids in microfluidic channels.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2023_20.txt,allv2,2023_20.txt,"Graphics used on this cover have been selected from the following highlighted papers: H. Wang et al., “Anticorrosive Epoxy Nanocomposite Coatings Filled with Polyaniline-Functionalized Silicon Nitride Particles” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c02460); J. P. A. de Azevedo Barros et al., “Fluid Dynamic Analysis of a Modified Mechanical Stirring Spouted Bed: Effect of Particle Properties and Stirring Rotation” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c03139); J. de Jesus Ibarra-Sánchez et al., “Size Control, Chemical Kinetics, and Theoretical Analysis for the Production of Fe3O4 Nanoparticles with a High Specific Absorption Rate” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c02780); and L. Chen et al., “Spatiotemporal Modeling for Distributed Parameter System under Sparse Sensing” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c02120).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2020_15.txt,multiBv1,2020_15.txt,test1187Nature Protocols,19_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Protocols/19_12.png,B,"High spatial resolution imaging of biological tissues using nanospray desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (nano-DESI).1188This protocol enables sensitive and quantitative imaging of lipids and metabolites in tissue sections with high throughput and spatial resolution. Hundreds of high-quality ion images were obtained from a single uterine section with a resolution of better than 10 µm.1189See Yin et al.1190Image: Julia Laskin. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Protocols/14_1.txt,multiBv1,14_1.txt,"Label-free X-ray microscopy of nanomedicines and organelles in intact single cells at nanometer resolution using synchrotron radiation1191A composite image of a single cell visualized in 3D and a synchrotron radiation facility. The method uses X-rays generated via synchrotron radiation and enables the subcellular localization of nanomedicines in single cells, at nanometer resolution, as a robust approach to characterize interactions between nanomaterials and cells. See Cao et al.1192Image: Mingjing Cao, Yaling Wang and Chunying Chen, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China. Cover design: S. Whitham.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Protocols/19_12.txt,groundtruth,19_12.txt,"Whole-mouse imaging at the cellular level1193Nanobody(VHH)-boosted 3D imaging of solvent-cleared organs (vDISCO) enables the labelling of single cells in intact animals or whole organs. The cover shows a vDISCO image of a whole mouse where individual metastatic cells (magenta), bones and organs (cyan) and muscles (yellow) are labelled via nanobodies.1194See Cai et al.1195Image: Ali Ertürk, Helmholtz Munich. Cover design: S. Whitham",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Protocols/18_9.txt,allv2,18_9.txt,"Scanning electron micrograph of a cell (pink) that is semi-encapsulated by DNA hydrogel (blue) (pseudocolored).1196MCF-7 cell captured as a consequence of an aptamer-trigger-clamped hybridization chain reaction (atcHCR). The 3D environment of the DNA networks minimizes cell damage, and the cells can subsequently be released for live-cell analysis.1197See Ye et al.1198Image: Dekai Ye and Tingting Zhai. Cover design by Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Protocols/15_6.txt,ave_2,15_6.txt,train1199Structure,32_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Structure/32_4.png,A,"On the cover: Acid-switched antibodies with fully natural human domains can be developed1200using light-chain shuffling and phage display technology. In Tulika et al., monoclonal antibodies with such pH-dependent antigen-binding properties were discovered

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