math-ai/BlueMO
BlueMO 🚀 BlueMO: A Comprehensive Collection of Challenging Mathematical Olympiad Problems from the Little Blue Book Series BlueMO is a comprehensive and challenging dataset comprising mathematical olympiad problems paired with detailed solutions, meticulously curated from the esteemed "Little Blue Book" (小蓝书) series (Second Edition)—a vital resource for Chinese students training for national and international olympiad math competitions. Designed to… See the full description on the dataset page: https://huggingface.co/datasets/math-ai/BlueMO.
39.4k
1{2 "source_file": "./raw_volume-zh/volume8/chapter2.tex",3 "problem_type": "calculation",4 "problem": "例8. 已知数列 $\\left\\{a_n\\right\\} 、\\left\\{b_n\\right\\}$, 对大于 1 的整数 $n$,均成立\n$$\n\\begin{aligned}\n& a_n=a_{n-1} \\cos \\theta-b_{n-1} \\sin \\theta, \\\\\n& b_n=a_{n-1} \\sin \\theta+b_{n-1} \\cos \\theta,\n\\end{aligned}\n$$\n且 $a_1=1, b_1=\\tan \\theta$, 其中 $\\theta$ 为已知锐角, 试求数列 $\\left\\{a_n\\right\\} 、\\left\\{b_n\\right\\}$ 的通项公式.",5 "solution": "分析:与解引人复数,构造等比数列.\n设 $z_n=a_n+b_n \\mathrm{i}\\left(a_n, b_n \\in \\mathbf{R}, n \\in \\mathbf{N}^*\\right)$, 则\n$$\n\\begin{aligned}\n\\frac{z_n}{z_{n-1}} & =\\frac{\\left(a_{n-1} \\cos \\theta-b_{n-1} \\sin \\theta\\right)+\\left(a_{n-1} \\sin \\theta+b_{n-1} \\cos \\theta\\right) \\mathrm{i}}{a_{n-1}+b_{n-1} \\mathrm{i}} \\\\\n& =\\frac{(\\cos \\theta+\\mathrm{i} \\sin \\theta)\\left(a_{n-1}+b_{n-1} \\mathrm{i}\\right)}{a_{n-1}+b_{n-1} \\mathrm{i}} \\\\\n& =\\cos \\theta+\\mathrm{i} \\sin \\theta,\n\\end{aligned}\n$$\n这说明复数列 $\\left\\{z_n\\right\\}$ 是以 $z_1=1+\\mathrm{i} \\tan \\theta$ 为首项, 以 $q=\\cos \\theta+i \\sin \\theta$ 为公比的等比数列, 于是, 有\n$$\n\\begin{aligned}\nz_n & =(1+i \\tan \\theta)(\\cos \\theta+i \\sin \\theta)^{n-1} \\\\\n& =\\sec \\theta \\cdot(\\cos \\theta+i \\sin \\theta)(\\cos \\theta+i \\sin \\theta)^{n-1} \\\\\n& =\\sec \\theta \\cdot(\\cos \\theta+i \\sin \\theta)^n \\\\\n& =(\\cos n \\theta+i \\sin n \\theta) \\sec \\theta,\n\\end{aligned}\n$$\n故 $a_n=\\sec \\theta \\cdot \\cos n \\theta, b_n=\\sec \\theta \\cdot \\sin n \\theta$.",6 "remark": "注:这是复数与数列的结合.",7 "figures": []8}