math-ai/BlueMO
BlueMO 🚀 BlueMO: A Comprehensive Collection of Challenging Mathematical Olympiad Problems from the Little Blue Book Series BlueMO is a comprehensive and challenging dataset comprising mathematical olympiad problems paired with detailed solutions, meticulously curated from the esteemed "Little Blue Book" (小蓝书) series (Second Edition)—a vital resource for Chinese students training for national and international olympiad math competitions. Designed to… See the full description on the dataset page: https://huggingface.co/datasets/math-ai/BlueMO.
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1{2 "source_file": "./raw_volume-zh/volume14/exercise5.tex",3 "problem_type": "calculation",4 "problem": "问题2. 全体正整数中凡是 3 的倍数或 4 的倍数都划去,但其中 5 的倍数都保留 (例如, $15,20,30,40,60, \\cdots$ 都保留). 将留下的数,按从小到大的顺序写成了一个数列 $\\left\\{a_n\\right\\}: a_1=1, a_2=2, a_3=5, \\cdots$. 求 $a_{2005}$.",5 "solution": "设 $a_{2005}=n$. 记 $s=\\{1,2, \\cdots, n\\}, A_i=\\{k \\mid k \\in s$ 且 $k$ 被 $i$ 整除 $\\}$.\n$A_i$ 在 $s$ 中的补集为 $\\overline{A_i}(i=3,4,5)$.\n$$\n\\begin{aligned}\n2005= & \\left|\\left(\\bar{A}_3 \\cap \\bar{A}_4 \\cap \\bar{A}_5\\right) \\cup A_5\\right| \\\\\n= & \\left|\\bar{A}_3 \\cap \\bar{A}_4 \\cap \\bar{A}_5\\right|+\\left|A_5\\right| \\\\\n= & |s|-\\left|A_3\\right|-\\left|A_4\\right|-\\left|A_5\\right|+\\left|A_3 \\cap A_4\\right|+\\left|A_3 \\cap A_5\\right|+\\left|A_4 \\cap A_5\\right| \\\\\n& -\\left|A_3 \\cap A_4 \\cap A_5\\right|+\\left|A_5\\right| \\\\\n= & n-\\left[\\frac{n}{3}\\right]-\\left[\\frac{n}{4}\\right]-\\left[\\frac{n}{5}\\right]+\\left[\\frac{n}{12}\\right]+\\left[\\frac{n}{15}\\right]+\\left[\\frac{n}{20}\\right]-\\left[\\frac{n}{60}\\right]+\\left[\\frac{n}{5}\\right] . \\label{eq1}\n\\end{aligned}\n$$\n利用 $x-1<[x] \\leqslant x$, 由 式\\ref{eq1} 得\n$$\n\\left\\{\\begin{array}{l}\n2005<n-\\left(\\frac{n}{3}-1\\right)-\\left(\\frac{n}{4}-1\\right)+\\frac{n}{12}+\\frac{n}{15}+\\frac{n}{20}-\\left(\\frac{n}{60}-1\\right) \\\\\n2005>n-\\frac{n}{3}-\\frac{n}{4}+\\left(\\frac{n}{12}-1\\right)+\\left(\\frac{n}{15}-1\\right)+\\left(\\frac{n}{20}-1\\right)-\\frac{n}{60}\n\\end{array}\\right.\n$$\n解得 $3336 \\frac{2}{3}<n<3346 \\frac{2}{3}$. 所以 $3337 \\leqslant n \\leqslant 3346$, 且 $n$ 不为 3 和 4 的倍数.\n故 $n=3337,3338,3340,3341,3343,3345,3346$.\n$n=3341$ 代入 式\\ref{eq1} 满足等式且 $n$ 唯一知 $a_{2005}=3341$.",6 "remark": "",7 "figures": []8}