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math-ai/BlueMO

BlueMO 🚀 BlueMO: A Comprehensive Collection of Challenging Mathematical Olympiad Problems from the Little Blue Book Series   BlueMO is a comprehensive and challenging dataset comprising mathematical olympiad problems paired with detailed solutions, meticulously curated from the esteemed "Little Blue Book" (小蓝书) series (Second Edition)—a vital resource for Chinese students training for national and international olympiad math competitions. Designed to… See the full description on the dataset page: https://huggingface.co/datasets/math-ai/BlueMO.

sourceHugging Facecc-by-nd-4.0updated 8mo agoView on Hugging Face
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1{2    "source_file": "./raw_volume-zh/volume14/exercise17.tex",3    "problem_type": "calculation",4    "problem": "问题2. 设 $x_1, x_2, \\cdots, x_{10}$ 是正整数,且满足\n$$\nx_1+x_2+\\cdots+x_{10}=49,\n$$\n求 $x_1^2+x_2^2+\\cdots+x_{10}^2$ 的最大值和最小值.",5    "solution": "由于把 49 写成 10 个正整数的和, 写法只有有限种, 所以一定有一种使得 $x_1^2+x_2^2+\\cdots+x_{10}^2$ 达到最大值, 也一定有一种使得 $x_1^2+x_2^2+\\cdots+x_{10}^2$ 达到最小值.\n假设 $x_1 \\leqslant x_2 \\leqslant \\cdots \\leqslant x_{10}$ 满足 $x_1+x_2+\\cdots+x_{10}=49$, 且使得 $x_1^2+x_2^2+\\cdots +x_{10}^2$ 达到最大值, 若 $x_1>1$, 取 $y_1=x_1-1, y_2=x_2+1, y_k=x_k, k=3,4$,\n$\\cdots, 10$, 则\n$$\ny_1+y_2+\\cdots+y_{10}=49,\n$$\n且 $y_1^2+y_2^2=\\left(x_1-1\\right)^2+\\left(x_2+1\\right)^2=x_1^2+x_2^2+2\\left(x_2-x_1\\right)+2>x_1^2+x_2^2$, 从而 $y_1^2+y_2^2+\\cdots+y_{10}^2>x_1^2+x_2^2+\\cdots+x_{10}^2$, 矛盾.\n所以 $x_1=1$, 进而 $x_2=1, \\cdots, x_9=1$, 所以 $x_{10}=40$. 于是 $x_1^2+ x_2^2+\\cdots+x_{10}^2$ 的最大值为 $9+40^2=1609$.\n假设 $x_1 \\leqslant x_2 \\leqslant \\cdots \\leqslant x_{10}$ 是满足 $x_1+x_2+\\cdots+x_{10}=49$, 且使得 $x_1^2+ x_2^2+\\cdots+x_{10}^2$ 达到最小值, 则 $x_1, x_2, \\cdots, x_{10}$ 中任意两个数的差的绝对值不超过 1 .\n事实上, 若存在 $x_i, x_j, 1 \\leqslant i \\leqslant j \\leqslant 10$, 有 $x_j-x_i \\geqslant 2$, 令\n$$\ny_i=x_i+1, y_j=x_j-1, x_k=y_k, k \\neq i, j\n$$\n则 $y_i^2+y_j^2=\\left(x_i+1\\right)^2+\\left(x_j-1\\right)^2=x_i^2+x_j^2-2\\left(x_j-x_i\\right)+2<x_i^2+x_j^2$, 矛盾.\n所以,当 $x_1=4, x_2==x_3=\\cdots=x_{10}=5$ 时, $x_1^2+x_2^2+\\cdots+x_{10}^2$ 取得最小值 241.",6    "remark": "",7    "figures": []8}