CoolFace
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math-ai/BlueMO

BlueMO 🚀 BlueMO: A Comprehensive Collection of Challenging Mathematical Olympiad Problems from the Little Blue Book Series   BlueMO is a comprehensive and challenging dataset comprising mathematical olympiad problems paired with detailed solutions, meticulously curated from the esteemed "Little Blue Book" (小蓝书) series (Second Edition)—a vital resource for Chinese students training for national and international olympiad math competitions. Designed to… See the full description on the dataset page: https://huggingface.co/datasets/math-ai/BlueMO.

sourceHugging Facecc-by-nd-4.0updated 8mo agoView on Hugging Face
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1{2    "source_file": "./raw_volume-zh/volume14/exercise13.tex",3    "problem_type": "calculation",4    "problem": "问题4. 试求将如下表达式去括号和合并同类项之后所得的多项式中 $x^2$ 的系数: $\\left(\\left(\\cdots\\left(\\left((x-2)^2-2\\right)^2-2\\right)^2-\\cdots-2\\right)^2-2\\right)^2$ (共 $n$ 重括号).",5    "solution": "记 $P_k(x)=\\left(\\left(\\cdots\\left(\\left((x-2)^2-2\\right)^2-2\\right)^2-\\cdots-2\\right)^2-2\\right)^2$ (共 $k$ 重括号), 其常数项等于 $P(0)=\\left(\\left(\\cdots\\left(\\left((0-2)^2-2\\right)^2-2\\right)^2-\\cdots-2\\right)^2-2\\right)^2=4$.\n再以 $A_k$ 和 $B_k$ 表示 $P_k(x)$ 的一次项和二次项系数, 其中由于 $P_1(x)= (x-2)^2$, 故 $A_1=-4, B_1=1$.\n下面寻找 $A_k$ 和 $B_k$ 的递推关系.\n一方面, $P_k(x)=4+A_k x+B_k x^2+O(x)$ (其中 $O(x)$ 代表一个多项式, 它不含小于等于二次的项,下同); 另一方面, 当 $k \\geqslant 2$ 时,\n$$\n\\begin{aligned}\nP_k(x) & =\\left(P_{k-1}(x)-2\\right)^2=\\left(4+A_{k-1} x+B_{k-1} x^2+O(x)-2\\right)^2 \\\\\n& =4+4 A_{k-1} x+\\left(4 B_{k-1}+A_{k-1}^2\\right) x^2+O(x),\n\\end{aligned}\n$$\n比较两式中 $P_k(x)$ 的 $x, x^2$ 项系数可得:\n$$\nA_k=4 A_{k-1}, B_k=4 B_{k-1}+A_{k-1}^2(k \\geqslant 2) .\n$$\n由此可先推出 $A_n=4^{n-1} A_1=-4^n$. 再将后一个递推式变形为 $\\frac{B_k}{4^k}=\\frac{B_{k-1}}{4^{k-1}}+\\frac{A_{k-1}^2}{4^k}$, 故\n$$\n\\begin{aligned}\n\\frac{B_n}{4^n} & =\\frac{B_1}{4}+\\frac{A_{n-1}^2}{4^n}+\\frac{A_{n-2}^2}{4^{n-1}}+\\cdots+\\frac{A_1^2}{4^2} \\\\\n& =\\frac{1}{4}+4^{n-2}+4^{n-3}+\\cdots+4^0=\\frac{1}{4} \\cdot \\frac{4^n-1}{3} .\n\\end{aligned}\n$$\n因此 $P_n(x)$ 中 $x^2$ 的系数 $B_n=\\frac{4^{n-1}\\left(4^n-1\\right)}{3}$.",6    "remark": "",7    "figures": []8}