math-ai/BlueMO
BlueMO 🚀 BlueMO: A Comprehensive Collection of Challenging Mathematical Olympiad Problems from the Little Blue Book Series BlueMO is a comprehensive and challenging dataset comprising mathematical olympiad problems paired with detailed solutions, meticulously curated from the esteemed "Little Blue Book" (小蓝书) series (Second Edition)—a vital resource for Chinese students training for national and international olympiad math competitions. Designed to… See the full description on the dataset page: https://huggingface.co/datasets/math-ai/BlueMO.
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1{2 "source_file": "./raw_volume-zh/volume14/exercise13.tex",3 "problem_type": "calculation",4 "problem": "问题3. 已知 $n$ 位数的各位数字只能取集合 $\\{1,2,3,4,5\\}$ 中的元素, 设含有数字 5 且在 5 的前面不含 3 的 $n$ 位数个数为 $f(n)$, 求 $f(n)$.",5 "solution": "这样的 $n$ 位数可由如下两种情况生成:\n(1) 在不含数字 5 的 $n-1$ 位数前面加上 5 , 有 $4^{n-1}$ 个;\n(2) 在含有数字 5 且 5 的前面不出现 3 的 $n-1$ 位数之前加上 $1,2,4,5$, 这样的数有 $4 f(n-1)$ 个.\n故\n$$\n\\begin{aligned}\n& f(n)=4(n-1)+4^{n-1}, \\text { 且 } f(1)=1, \\\\\n& \\frac{f(n)}{4^n}=\\frac{f(n-1)}{4^{n-1}}+\\frac{1}{4}, \\\\\n& \\frac{f(n)}{4^n}=\\frac{1}{4}+\\frac{1}{4}(n-1)=\\frac{1}{4} n,\n\\end{aligned}\n$$\n从而 $f(n)=n \\cdot 4^{n-1}$.",6 "remark": "注:本题若不用递推方法亦很方便求解.",7 "figures": []8}