math-ai/BlueMO
BlueMO 🚀 BlueMO: A Comprehensive Collection of Challenging Mathematical Olympiad Problems from the Little Blue Book Series BlueMO is a comprehensive and challenging dataset comprising mathematical olympiad problems paired with detailed solutions, meticulously curated from the esteemed "Little Blue Book" (小蓝书) series (Second Edition)—a vital resource for Chinese students training for national and international olympiad math competitions. Designed to… See the full description on the dataset page: https://huggingface.co/datasets/math-ai/BlueMO.
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1{2 "source_file": "./raw_volume-zh/volume11/exercise4.tex",3 "problem_type": "calculation",4 "problem": "问题2. 试确定实数 $a_0$, 使得由递推关系 $a_{n+1}=-3 a_n+2^n(n=0,1,2, \\cdots)$ 决定的数列 $\\left\\{a_n\\right\\}$ 严格递增, 即对 $n \\geqslant 0, a_{n+1}>a_n$.",5 "solution": "两边除以 $2^{n+1}$ 得 $\\frac{a_{n+1}}{2^{n+1}}=-\\frac{3}{2} \\frac{a_n}{2^n}+\\frac{1}{2}$, 令 $b_n=\\frac{a_n}{2^n}$, 则 $b_{n+1}=-\\frac{3}{2} b_n+\\frac{1}{2}$, 即 $b_{n+1}-\\frac{1}{5}=-\\frac{3}{2}\\left(b_n-\\frac{1}{5}\\right)$ (注意, 这是 $\\frac{1}{5}$ 是 $f(x)=-\\frac{3}{2} x+\\frac{1}{2}$ 的不动点, 即方程 $f(x)=x$ 的根). 于是 $b_n-\\frac{1}{5}=\\left(b_0-\\frac{1}{5}\\right)\\left(-\\frac{3}{2}\\right)^n=\\left(a_0-\\frac{1}{5}\\right)\\left(-\\frac{3}{2}\\right)^n$, 所以 $a_n=2^n b_n=2^n\\left[\\left(a_0-\\frac{1}{5}\\right)\\left(-\\frac{3}{2}\\right)^n+\\frac{1}{5}\\right]==(-3)^n\\left[\\left(a_0-\\frac{1}{5}\\right)+\\frac{1}{5}\\left(-\\frac{2}{3}\\right)^n\\right]$. \n因为当 $n$ 足够大时, $\\left(\\frac{2}{3}\\right)^n$ 趋于 0 ,于是, 若 $a_0-\\frac{1}{5} \\neq 0$, 则上式中括号内的数在 $n$ 足够大时与 $a_0-\\frac{1}{5}$ 同号, 但 $(-3)^n(n=0,1,2, \\cdots)$ 轮流为正、负数, 从而不可能严格递增, 因此, 当且仅当 $a_0-\\frac{1}{5}=0$, 即 $a_0=\\frac{1}{5}$ 时, $a_n=\\frac{2^n}{5}$ 严格递增.",6 "remark": "",7 "figures": []8}