math-ai/BlueMO
BlueMO 🚀 BlueMO: A Comprehensive Collection of Challenging Mathematical Olympiad Problems from the Little Blue Book Series BlueMO is a comprehensive and challenging dataset comprising mathematical olympiad problems paired with detailed solutions, meticulously curated from the esteemed "Little Blue Book" (小蓝书) series (Second Edition)—a vital resource for Chinese students training for national and international olympiad math competitions. Designed to… See the full description on the dataset page: https://huggingface.co/datasets/math-ai/BlueMO.
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1{2 "source_file": "./raw_volume-zh/volume11/exercise1.tex",3 "problem_type": "calculation",4 "problem": "问题14. 将与 105 互素的正整数从小到大排列成数列, 求出这个数列的第 1000 项.",5 "solution": "(解法一) 设这个数列的第 1000 项为 $n$, 因 $105=3 \\times 5 \\times 7$, 故依题意知道.\n$n$ 不能被 $3 、 5 、 7$ 中任何一个数整除, 且在小于或等于 $n$ 的正整数中不能被 3、5、7 中任何一个数整除的恰有 1000 个.\n记 $S=\\{1,2, \\cdots, n\\}$, $A_i=\\{m \\mid m \\in S, m$ 被 $i$ 整除 $\\}(i=3,5,7)$, 于是由容斥原理得 $1000= \\left|\\complement_S A_3 \\cap \\complement_S A_5 \\cap \\complement_S A_7\\right|=|S|-\\left|A_3\\right|-\\left|A_5\\right|-\\left|A_7\\right|+\\left|A_3 \\cap A_5\\right|+ \\left|A_3 \\cap A_7\\right|+\\left|A_5 \\cap A_7\\right|-\\left|A_3 \\cap A_5 \\cap A_7\\right|=n-\\left[\\frac{n}{3}\\right]-\\left[\\frac{n}{5}\\right]-\\left[\\frac{n}{7}\\right]+ \\left[\\frac{n}{3 \\times 5}\\right]+\\left[\\frac{n}{3 \\times 7}\\right]+\\left[\\frac{n}{5 \\times 7}\\right]-\\left[\\frac{n}{3 \\times 5 \\times 7}\\right] \\cdots$ (1). 利用 $\\alpha-1<[\\alpha] \\leqslant \\alpha$, 由(1) 得 $1000>n-\\left(\\frac{n}{3}+\\frac{n}{5}+\\frac{n}{7}\\right)+\\left(\\frac{n}{3 \\times 5}-1+\\frac{n}{3 \\times 7}-1+\\frac{n}{5 \\times 7}-1\\right)- \\frac{n}{3 \\times 5 \\times 7}$ 和 $1000<n-\\left(\\frac{n}{3}-1+\\frac{n}{5}-1+\\frac{n}{7}-1\\right)+\\left(\\frac{n}{3 \\times 5}+\\frac{n}{3 \\times 7}+\\frac{n}{5 \\times 7}\\right)- \\left(\\frac{n}{3 \\times 5 \\times 7}-1\\right)$, 即 $2178 \\frac{3}{4}<n<2194 \\frac{1}{16}$, 又 $n$ 与 105 互素, 所以 $n$ 只可能为 $2179,2182,2183,2186,2188,2189,2192,2194$, 经检验, 其中只有 $n=2186$ 满足方程 (1), 故此数列的第 1000 项为 2186 .",6 "remark": "",7 "figures": []8}