enigmare/v2-crawler

1{"id":"doc-cppreference_com-5d5d0fd3","source":"documentation","title":"cppreference.com","url":"https://en.cppreference.com/w/","text":"C and C++ reference From cppreference.com CppCon 2026 It's the annual, week-long gathering for the entire C++ community. Register now! C++ reference C++11, C++14, C++17, C++20, C++23, C++26, C++29 │ Compiler support C++11, C++14, C++17, C++20, C++23, C++26, C++29 Language Preprocessor − Comments ASCII chart Basic concepts Keywords Names (lookup) Types (fundamental types) The main function Modules (C++20) Contracts (C++26) Expressions Value categories Evaluation order Operators (precedence) Conversions − Literals Constant expressions Statements if − switch for − range-for (C++11) while − do-while Declarations − Initialization Functions − Overloading Coroutines (C++20) Classes (unions) Templates − Exceptions Freestanding implementations Standard library (headers) Named requirements Language support library Program utilities Signals − Non-local jumps Basic memory management Variadic functions source_location (C++20) Comparison utilities (C++20) Type support − type_info numeric_limits − exception initializer_list (C++11) Coroutine support (C++20) Contract support (C++26) Concepts library (C++20) Diagnostics library Assertions − System error (C++11) Exception types − Error numbers basic_stacktrace (C++23) Debugging support (C++26) Memory management library Allocators − Smart pointers Memory resources (C++17) Metaprogramming library (C++11) Type traits − ratio integer_sequence (C++14) Reflection (C++26) General utilities library Function objects − hash (C++11) Swap − Type operations (C++11) Integer comparison (C++20) pair − tuple (C++11) optional (C++17) expected (C++23) variant (C++17) − any (C++17) bitset − Bit manipulation (C++20) Containers library vector − deque − array (C++11) list − forward_list (C++11) inplace_vector (C++26) hive (C++26) map − multimap − set − multiset unordered_map (C++11)unordered_multimap (C++11) unordered_set (C++11)unordered_multiset (C++11) Container adaptors span (C++20) − mdspan (C++23) Iterators library Ranges library (C++20) Range factories − Range adaptors generator (C++23) Algorithms library Numeric algorithms Execution policies (C++17) Constrained algorithms (C++20) Strings library basic_string − char_traits basic_string_view (C++17) Text processing library Primitive numeric conversions (C++17) Formatting (C++20) − Localization text_encoding (C++26) Regular expressions (C++11) basic_regex − Algorithms Default regular expression grammar Null-terminated sequence − multibyte − wide Numerics library Common math functions Mathematical special functions (C++17) Mathematical constants (C++20) Basic linear algebra algorithms (C++26) Data-parallel types (SIMD) (C++26) Pseudo-random number generation Floating-point environment (C++11) complex − valarray Date and time library Calendar (C++20) − Time zone (C++20) Input/output library Print functions (C++23) Stream-based I/O − I/O manipulators basic_istream − basic_ostream Synchronized output (C++20) File systems (C++17) Concurrency support library (C++11) thread − jthread (C++20) atomic − atomic_flag atomic_ref (C++20) − memory_order Mutual exclusion − Condition variables Futures − Semaphores (C++20) latch (C++20) − barrier (C++20)Safe Reclamation (C++26) Execution support library (C++26) Feature test macros (C++20) Language − Standard library − Headers Technical specifications Standard library extensions (library fundamentals TS) resource_adaptor − invocation_type Standard library extensions v2 (library fundamentals TS v2) propagate_const − ostream_joiner − randint observer_ptr − Detection idiom Standard library extensions v3 (library fundamentals TS v3) scope_exit − scope_fail − scope_success − unique_resource Parallelism library extensions v2(parallelism TS v2) simd Concurrency library extensions(concurrency TS) Transactional Memory (TM TS) External Links − Non-ANSI/ISO Libraries − Index − std Symbol Index C reference C89, C95, C99, C11, C17, C23 │ Compiler support C99, C23 Language Basic concepts Keywords Preprocessor Expressions Declaration Initialization Functions Statements Headers Type support Program utilities Variadic functions Diagnostics library Dynamic memory management Strings library Null-terminated − multibyte − wide Date and time library Localization library Input/output library Algorithms library Numerics library Common mathematical functions Floating-point environment (C99) Pseudo-random number generation Complex number arithmetic (C99) Type-generic math (C99) Bit manipulation (C23) Checked integer arithmetic (C23) Concurrency support library (C11) Technical specifications Dynamic memory extensions (dynamic memory TR) Floating-point extensions, Part 1 (FP Ext 1 TS) Floating-point extensions, Part 4 (FP Ext 4 TS) External Links − Non-ANSI/ISO Libraries − Index − Symbol Index News 17 April took a while, but with a lot of help from the folks at isocpp.org, we're back! Sorry for the delay, and thank you for your patience.\n\nNavigation Support us Recent changes FAQ Offline version Tools What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Page information In other languages العربية Čeština Deutsch Español Français Italiano 日本語 한국어 Polski Português Русский Türkçe 中文\n\n<|endofdoc|>","metadata":{"transformedAt":"2026-08-18T15:17:31.241Z","totalSectionsIncluded":2,"totalCodeBlocksIncluded":0,"totalLines":5,"estimatedTokens":1299}}2