ap878/med_mcqa

1{"question":"Which of the following is not true for myelinated nerve fibers:","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Impulse through myelinated fibers is slower than non-myelinated fibers","opb":"Membrane currents are generated at nodes of Ranvier","opc":"Saltatory conduction of impulses is seen","opd":"Local anesthesia is effective only when the nerve is not covered by myelin sheath","subject_name":"Physiology","topic_name":null,"id":"45258d3d-b974-44dd-a161-c3fccbdadd88","choice_type":"multi"}2{"question":"Which of the following is not true about glomerular capillaries')","exp":"Ans-a. The oncotic pressure of the fluid leaving the capillaries is less than that of fluid entering it Guyton I LpJ1 4-.;anong 23\/e p653-6_)Glomerular oncotic pressure (due to plasma protein content) is higher than that of filtrate oncotic pressure in Bowman's capsule\"Since glucose is freely filtered and the fluid in the Bowman's capsule is isotonic with plasma, the concentration of glucose in the filtrate is the same as in the capillaries","cop":1,"opa":"The oncotic pressure of the fluid leaving the capillaries is less than that of fluid entering it","opb":"Glucose concentration in the capillaries is the same as that in glomerular filtrate","opc":"Constriction of afferent aeriole decreases the blood flow to the glomerulas","opd":"Hematocrit of the fluid leaving the capillaries is less than that of the fluid entering it","subject_name":"Physiology","topic_name":null,"id":"b944ada9-d776-4c2a-9180-3ae5f393f72d","choice_type":"multi"}3{"question":"A 29 yrs old woman with a pregnancy of 17 week has a 10 years old boy with down syndrome. She does not want another down syndrome kid; best advice to her is","exp":null,"cop":3,"opa":"No test is required now as her age is below 35 years","opb":"Ultra sound at this point of time will definitely tell her that next baby will be down syndromic or not","opc":"Amniotic fluid samples plus chromosomal analysis will definitely tell her that next baby will be down syndromic or not","opd":"blood screening at this point of time will clear the exact picture","subject_name":"Medicine","topic_name":null,"id":"b64a9cd7-d076-4c55-8be1-f9c44fece6cc","choice_type":"single"}4{"question":"Axonal transport is:","exp":"Fast anterograde (400 mm\/day) transport occurs by kinesin molecular motor and retrograde transport (200 mm\/day) occurs by dynein molecular motor.","cop":3,"opa":"Antegrade","opb":"Retrograde","opc":"Antegrade and retrograde","opd":"None","subject_name":"Physiology","topic_name":null,"id":"c6365cce-507c-40f6-90a2-46b867f47b6e","choice_type":"multi"}5{"question":"Low insulin to glucagon ratio is seen in all of these except:","exp":"Answer- A. Glycogen synthesisLow insulin to glucagon ratio implies a catabolic state, i.e. usage of body stores to form energy, typically seen in fasting state ancl diabetes mellitus. Hence, this state will promote glycogen breakdown, gluconeogenesis as well as ketone body formation, while at the same time inhibiting glycogen synthesis and storage.","cop":1,"opa":"Glycogen synthesis","opb":"Glycogen breakdown","opc":"Gluconeogenesis","opd":"Ketogenesis","subject_name":"Biochemistry","topic_name":null,"id":"72c1c5e0-b64f-4eef-bf22-ecfb60c5c19c","choice_type":"multi"}6{"question":"Concentration of tropicamide:","exp":"Answer- A. 0.01Tropicamide is the shoest acting mydriatic, concentration used is 0.5-l% drops (0.005-0.010).Tropicamide:Concentration used: 0.5-l% drops (0.005-0.010)Duration of action: Though effective for upto 3 hours, maximum effect appear 30 minutes after the last drop and lasts for only 10-15 minutesUsed in Adults.","cop":1,"opa":"0.01","opb":"0.02","opc":"0.03","opd":"0.04","subject_name":"Ophthalmology","topic_name":null,"id":"17360c6c-2c98-4fe2-aa85-487dcf4678df","choice_type":"single"}7{"question":"Which of the following statements is true regarding H I N1 Influenza?","exp":"Ans: A. Pregnant woman with sore throat can be staed immediately on oseltamivir without diagnostic testing under category B(Ref. http..ilviww.molifir.nic.in\/WriteReadData\/1892s\/ 804456402Categorisation.pcifi)Pregnant woman with sore throat can be staed immediately on oseltamivir without diagnostic testing under category B.Drug of choice - Oseltamivir (given for 10 days post-exposure). Priority groups (in order) for Influenza vaccinesPregnant womenHealthy young childrenAge >6 months with chronic medical conditionsHealthy adults 49-65 years15-49 years healthy young adultsHealthy adults > 65 years","cop":1,"opa":"Pregnant woman with sore throat can be staed immediately on oseltamivir without diagnostic testing under category B","opb":"People on long-term steroids cannot receive Os-eltam ivir","opc":"Category B concerns with low risk cases","opd":"Category B patients have to undergo immediate testing","subject_name":"Medicine","topic_name":null,"id":"62fa6f78-1964-4249-974b-6fcbbd7fc9ba","choice_type":"multi"}8{"question":"Which of the following are not a branch of external carotid Aery in Kiesselbach's plexus.","exp":"*Kiesselbach's plexus: Antero superior pa is supplied by ANTERIOR & POSTERIOR ETHMOIDAL AERIES which are branches of ophthalmic aery, branch of INTERNAL CAROTID AERY. Antero inferior pa is supplied by SUPERIOR LABIAL AERY - branch of facial aery, which is branch of EXTERNAL CAROTID AERY. Postero superior pa is supplied by SPHENO-PALATINE AERY - branch of MAXILLARY aery, which is branch of ECA. POSTERO INFERIOR pa is supplied by branches of GREATER PALATINE AERY - branch of ECA Antero inferior pa\/vestibule of septum contain anastomosis b\/w septal ramus of superior labial branch of facial aery & branches of sphenopalatine, greater palatine & anterior ethmoidal aeries. These form a large capillary network called KIESSELBACH'S PLEXUS If dryness persists, bleeding will occur Therefore, in given options, Anterior ethmoidal aery is a branch of ICA not ECA","cop":2,"opa":"Sphenopalatine aery","opb":"Anterior ethmoidal aery","opc":"Greater palatine aery","opd":"Septal branch of superior labial aery","subject_name":"Anatomy","topic_name":"AIIMS 2017","id":"ce49098b-cc48-4168-859e-936e3e0c7459","choice_type":"single"}9{"question":"Diagnosis of the following ECG-","exp":"Option A- Broad QRS complex with normal sinus rhythm Digoxine toxicity Option B- P wave with fluctuating QRS complexes is seen. showing ELECTRICAL ALTERANS seen in large pericardial effusion in which hea is swinging. Option C- N Height in P wave: 2.5mm But in P-pulmonale: || by 1.5mm","cop":2,"opa":"Ventricular bigeminy","opb":"Electrical alternans","opc":"P pulmonale","opd":"Left ventricular failure","subject_name":"Medicine","topic_name":"AIIMS 2017","id":"18d5c4a1-cb81-41a8-9bfc-b6f7dec431d2","choice_type":"single"}10{"question":"A blue new born presents with cyanosis. The X\u2013ray chest reveal oligaemic lung field and normal sized heart. Most likely diagnosis is \u2013","exp":"The findings in this newborn are\nCyanosis at birth\nOligaemic lung .fields\nNormal sized heart\nLets see each option one by one\nEbstein anomaly - It can be easily ruled out as there is marked cardiomegaly in it.\nTransposition of great vessels- There is cardiomegaly and plethoric lung fields see in it. So ruled out.\nNow the real confusion - between PA and TOF.\nTOF - in TOF there is oligaemic lung fields and normal sized heart but usually cyanosis is not present at birth.\n\u00a0\nNelson states - \u00a0\"Often cyanosis is not present at birth. but with increasing hypertrophy of the right ventricular infimdibulum and patient growth, cyanosis occurs later in the 1st year of life. But some cases may present with cyanosis at birth.\"\n\na Pulmonary atresia -\n\nThe child is cyanotic at birth\nThere is pulmonary oligaemia\nBut the heart is of variable size (from small to enlarge)","cop":2,"opa":"Ebstein's anomaly","opb":"Pulmonary atresia","opc":"Transposition of great arteries","opd":"Tetralogy of fallot","subject_name":"Pediatrics","topic_name":null,"id":"de09d388-bd4e-42a9-ac6b-ee2d95f822e2","choice_type":"multi"}11{"question":"27.\tThe lateral spread of dental caries is facilitated mostly  by the","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"Enamel spindles","opb":"Dentinoenamel junction","opc":"Enamel lamellae","opd":"Striae of Retzius","subject_name":"Pathology","topic_name":null,"id":"384a9281-2ee1-480b-a7d8-fd3ef49558e5","choice_type":"single"}12{"question":"A second-year PG resident tells you to perform an ABG of a patient. All of the following are true about performing an ABG except:","exp":"Ans: A. Before performing the ABG, syringe should be loaded with 0.3 cc of heparin(Ref: Harrison 18\/e p364; http:\/\/ emedicine.medscape.comlaiclell 902703-overview).Care should be taken when measuring blood gases to obtain the aerial blood sample without using excessive heparin.Heparin should be expelled from the syringe after loading as it may lead to false pCO2 readings.Precautions:Most syringes come pre-packaged & contain a small amount of heparin, to prevent coagulation.Other syringes may need to be heparinized, by drawing up a small amount of liquid heparin & squiing it out again to remove air bubbles.Once the sample is obtained, care is taken to eliminate visible gas bubbles, as these bubbles can dissolve into the sample & cause inaccurate results.","cop":1,"opa":"Before performing the ABG, syringe should be loaded with 0.3 cc of heparin","opb":"Normal pH, HCO. and PCO, levels may not indicate absence of an acid-base imbalance","opc":"A different site should be tried i f modified Allen's test is negative","opd":"Radial aery is the preferred site","subject_name":"Medicine","topic_name":null,"id":"ae860b65-53a5-4547-b627-494174e15c3c","choice_type":"multi"}13{"question":"Respiratory rhythm generation center is located at:","exp":"Ans: B. Pre-Botzinger complexRef: Ganong 25Ie p656, 24Ie p658)Rhythmic respiration is initiated by a small group of synaptically coupled pacemaker cells in the pre-Botzinger complex (pre-BOTC) on either side of the medulla between the nucleus ambiguus and the lateral reticular nucleus.The main components of the respiratory control pattern generator responsible for automatic respiration are located in the medulla. Rhythmic respiration is initiated by a small group of synaptically coupled pacemaker cells in the pre-Botzinger complex (pre-BOTC) on either side of the medulla between the nucleus ambiguus and the lateral reticular nucleus.","cop":2,"opa":"Dorsal respiratory group","opb":"Pre-Botzinger complex","opc":"Ventral respiratory neurons","opd":"Pneumotaxic center","subject_name":"Physiology","topic_name":null,"id":"84d89a4f-db04-402d-88ab-ca39f6eee8bd","choice_type":"single"}14{"question":"Gait apraxia is seen in thromboembolic episode involving:","exp":"Ans. a. ACA (Ref: Harrison 19\/e p163, 18\/e p193)Gait apraxia is seen in thromboembolic episode involving anterior cerebral aery.Frontal lobe is mainly supplied by anterior cerebral aery; its occlusion leads to gait apraxia","cop":1,"opa":"ACA","opb":"MCA","opc":"PCA","opd":"Posterior choroidal aery","subject_name":"Medicine","topic_name":null,"id":"b1cc4ab0-a82c-437a-88c2-00953f3618ff","choice_type":"single"}15{"question":"Heavy forces on periodontal ligament causes:","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Hyalinization","opb":"Osteoclastic activity around tooth","opc":"Osteoblastic activity around tooth","opd":"Crest bone resorption","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"f184a533-98b4-43ad-b1f5-70edc6704d9e","choice_type":"single"}16{"question":"About N. gonorrhoea, all are true except","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"Most common cause of urethritis in male","opb":"All stains are highly susceptible to penicillin","opc":"Wide spread axoregnic stains cause disseminated gonococcal infection","opd":"Found exclusively in human beings","subject_name":"Microbiology","topic_name":null,"id":"26160738-1887-4252-86d4-1719a5a80bd3","choice_type":"multi"}17{"question":"A patient who was on ventilator and being ventilated for past few days, suddenly pulls out the endotracheal tube. What is the next step of management?","exp":"Ans. a. Assess the patient, give bag and mask ventilation and look for spontaneous breathingIn self-extubation, assess the patient, give bag and mask ventilation and look for spontaneous breathing.Unplanned ExtubationUnplanned extubation of mechanically ventilated patients is relatively commonSelf-extubation refers to the patient's action, who deliberately removes the endotracheal tube (MC type of unplanned extubation, typically occur at night)Accidental extubation is attributed either to personnel's inappropriate manipulation of the tube during patient care or to a non-purposeful patient's action, e.g. coughing (mostly occur in the morning) Risk Factors for Unplanned ExtubationPatient factorsStaff factorsMaleDeliriumLight sedationDifficulty in securing tube (e g. facial swelling, facial burns)Previous unplanned extubationJunior staffNurse-to-patient ratioInadequately secured endotracheal tubeand\/or checks","cop":1,"opa":"Assess the patient, give bag and mask ventilation and look for spontaneous breathing","opb":"Sta bag and mask ventilation and reintubate","opc":"Sedate and reintubate","opd":"Make him sit and do physiotherapy","subject_name":"Anaesthesia","topic_name":null,"id":"6ccd8adb-af24-4e58-82a1-9219dfa37057","choice_type":"multi"}18{"question":"In a\t6-month-old child, thick curd like white\tpatch\nappears on the buccal mucosa. On rubbing it leaves an\nerythematous patch. Most likely diagnosis is:","exp":null,"cop":4,"opa":"Tuberculosis","opb":"Lichen planus","opc":"Lupus erythematous","opd":"Candidiasis","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"e38402c3-69bf-40a8-90c4-09277ca352eb","choice_type":"single"}19{"question":"Characteristic of venous blood flow of lower limb in duplex Doppler is?","exp":"* Doppler is based on frequency shift and color coding depends on the direction of blood flow* Direction of blood flow:- Flow towards the probe- Red- Flow away from probe- Blue Intensity of color depends on velocity of flow Doppler effect: change in frequency because of relative motion between moving source of sound and observer. Direction of flow Color doppler showing CCA bifurcation Spectral doppler: Cursor is placed into the area of blood vessel we want to trace and its velocity is measured.An angle has to be maintained to obtain a proper image- Ideal angle = 0o (practically not possible)- Optimal angle = 45o-60o (never 90o) Spectral doppler of aeries Low resistance High resistance Example:* Brain aeries* ICA* CCA* VA- Renal aeries| Monophasic with pattern pulsatility Example: - Extremity aeries* ECA | Triphasic pattern Normal Peripheral Aerial Waveform Triphasic waveform Initial high velocity forward flow component Early diastolic reverse flow component Late diastolic forward flow component Narrow systolic window * Venous doppler:- It is Monophasic- during free breathing variations in amplitude due to cardiac and respiratory phasicity- In breath hold- pressure changes of . Atrium are reflected back in the major veins","cop":1,"opa":"Monophasic","opb":"Biphasic","opc":"Triphasic","opd":"Non phasic","subject_name":"Radiology","topic_name":"AIIMS 2018","id":"9078aaca-bbfd-41cd-ad69-03057fca84ba","choice_type":"single"}20{"question":"The source of calcium ions of a calcific bridge in a\ntooth in which calcium hydroxide pulpotomy has been\nperformed is:","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Blood vessel borne","opb":"Derided cells","opc":"Dentin","opd":"From the calcium hydroxide","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"ac6be140-880b-40c6-9855-01f30c8dd7b2","choice_type":"single"}21{"question":"2, 3-BPG binds to sites of haemoglobin and the affinity for oxygen","exp":"Answer- B. 1, decreases2,3-BPG binds to 1 site of haemoglobin and decreases the affinity for oxygen.2, 3 Bisphosphoglycerate (2,3- BPG) or 2,3 Diphosphoglycerate 2,3- DPG)It is most abundant organic phosphate in RBC.","cop":2,"opa":"4, decreases","opb":"1, decreases","opc":"4, increases","opd":"1, increases","subject_name":"Biochemistry","topic_name":null,"id":"7111d7b2-7e80-4e23-b5d0-9f42595c6a80","choice_type":"single"}22{"question":"Highest concentration of oxygen is delivered through?","exp":"Bag and mask-100% O2 Venturi mask- 60% O2 Nasal cannula - 40% O2 Mask with reservoir- 80-90% O2","cop":3,"opa":"Nasal cannula","opb":"Venturi mask","opc":"Bag and mask","opd":"Mask with reservoir","subject_name":"Anaesthesia","topic_name":"AIIMS 2017","id":"406b5b4f-9ad4-42c0-9669-12d038df4ac8","choice_type":"single"}23{"question":"Sharpest cusp is seen in","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Upper Canine","opb":"Lower Canine","opc":"Upper Premolar","opd":"Lower premolar","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"8d2e7fe2-3354-44c2-8cdf-55ff23caaebb","choice_type":"single"}24{"question":"A mother is Hbs Ag positive and anti Hbe Ag positive. Risk of transmission of Hep. B in child is:","exp":"Before answering these questions lets first discuss hepatitis in brief.\nMaternal infection: The acute infection is manifested by flu like illness as malaise, anorexia, nausea and vomiting. In majority, it remains asymptomatic. Jaundice is rare and fever is uncommon.\nClinical course (HBV): Nearly 90\u201395% of patients clear the infection and have full recovery. 1% develop fulminant hepatitis resulting massive hepatic necrosis. 10-15% become chronic and 10% of these chronic cases suffer from chronic active hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.\nDiagnosis is confirmed by serological detection of HBsAg, HBeAg (denote high infectivity) and antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) and HBV DNA titer (107\u20131011).\nScreening: All pregnant women should be screened for HBV infection at first antenatal visit and it should be repeated during the third trimester for \u2018high risk\u2019 groups (intravenous drug abusers, sexual promiscuity, hemophilics, patients on hemodialysis or having multiple sex partners).\nHepatitis C (HCV):\nIt is recognized as the major cause of non-A, non-B hepatitis worldwide and is the leading cause of transfusion associated hepatitis. Transmission is mainly blood borne and to a lesser extent by faecal-oral route. It is responsible for chronic active hepatitis and hepatic failure.\nPerinatal transmission (10\u201340%) is high when coinfected with HIV and HBV.\nDetection is by antibody to HCV by EIA, which develops usually late in the infection.\nConfirmation is done by recombinant immunoblot assay (RIBA-3).\nChronic carrier state is present. Breastfeeding is not contraindicated.\nHepatitis D (HDV):\nIt is seen in patients infected with HBV either as a co-infection or super infection. Perinatal transmission is known.\nHepatitis E (HEV): Hepatitis E is the most important cause of non-A, non-B hepatitis in developing countries like India. Chronic carrier state is present. Perinatal transmission is uncommon.\nMaternal mortality is very high (15\u201320%).","cop":1,"opa":"20%","opb":"50%","opc":"0%","opd":"90%","subject_name":"Gynaecology & Obstetrics","topic_name":null,"id":"7f0270fd-7d45-43ec-b77e-0038115bb845","choice_type":"single"}25{"question":"In a patient with competent lips together at rest, the lip\nline is opposite the tips of the upper incisors. The lip line is then described as","exp":null,"cop":4,"opa":"Average","opb":"High","opc":"Incomplete","opd":"Low","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"8b9a0e04-4281-418a-aa94-7414a325732f","choice_type":"single"}26{"question":"A patient presented to emergency with overdose some drug. There were increased salivation and increased bronchial secretions. On examination, blood pressure was 88\/60 mmHg. RBC esterase level is 50. What should be the treatment of this person?","exp":"Low esterase levels are suggestive of overdose of some drug which acts by inhibiting acetyl choline esterase like organophosphate poisoning. Inhibition of choline esterase results In increased amount of Ach at synapse, so poisoning or overdose results in cholinergic symptoms like salivation, lacrimation, urination, emesis, increased bronchial secretions, reduction in blood pressure.So treatment Of choice is Atropine. Atropine -It is highly effective in counter-acting the muscarinic symptoms, but higher doses are required to antagonize the central effects. It does not reverse peripheral muscular paralysis which is a nicotinic action. All cases of anti-ChE (carbamate or organophosphate) poisoning must be promptly given atropine2 mg i.v. repeated every 10 min till dryness of mouth or other signs of atropinization appear (upto 200 mg has been administered in a day). Continued treatment with maintenance doses may be required for 1-2 weeks. Neostigmine and physostigmine worsens the signs and symptoms as these also act by inhibiting choline esterase. Physostigmine and flumazenil are respectively used for Atropine and benzodiazepines poisoning.","cop":2,"opa":"Neostigmine","opb":"Atropine","opc":"Flumazenil","opd":"Physostigmine","subject_name":"Pharmacology","topic_name":"AIIMS 2019","id":"a3da135a-a6a2-4e1c-8823-8ab0913f5668","choice_type":"single"}27{"question":"The current bar clasp design used is:","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Mesio-occlusal rest","opb":"Disto-occlusal rest","opc":"Mesial or distal depending on the situation","opd":"Choice of the dentist","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"7751b7ed-6aa4-4b9a-a03c-bb991a2936db","choice_type":"single"}28{"question":"All of the following are true regarding Class-II inlay gingival margins preparation except?","exp":null,"cop":4,"opa":"Removal of week enamel rods","opb":"Increased metal burnishability","opc":"Lap sliding fit of metal margin","opd":"Margins of restoration in self-cleansable area","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"159339f1-1545-47f6-9aad-47c1282458b4","choice_type":"multi"}29{"question":"Breakdown of periodontal fibres in periodontitis is due to bacterial enzyme: (OR) Which of the following bacterial products have been implicated in initiation of inflammatory periodontal disease?","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Collagenase","opb":"Hyaluronidase","opc":"Coagulase","opd":"None of the above","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"b6149b01-79a9-4d07-8cbc-828452b3906e","choice_type":"multi"}30{"question":"In a study, two groups of newborns are checked for their weights based on whether their mothers received food supplements or not. The appropriate test which can be used for comparing the data is:","exp":"Ans: C. Student's T-test(Ref Park 22\/e p795; Biostatistics by Mahajan 7\/e p134)Here, comparing a parametric quantitative variable (weight) in two unrelated group of people.Hence, \"Student's t-test\" used.Student t-test:Used when outcome variable is normally distributed in population (for quantitative data).Ex: BP, blood glucose.","cop":3,"opa":"Chi square test","opb":"Paired T-test","opc":"Student's T-test","opd":"Fischer exact test","subject_name":"Social & Preventive Medicine","topic_name":null,"id":"f0f91922-12fd-4213-871c-19e47532a6d6","choice_type":"single"}31{"question":"Which vitamin is required for glycogen Phosphorylase?","exp":"Glycogen phosphorylase is the rate limiting enzyme of glycogenolysis. And it requires PLP. The active form of vitamin B6 is the coenzyme pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) PLP can be synthesized from the three compounds pyridoxine, pyridoxal and pyridoxamine. This PLP for this enzyme Glycogen phosphorylase is not required as co-enzyme, but it act as a phosphate donor. Enzyme glycogen phosphorylase will cut glycogen a (1-4) bond apa and the glucose released are transferred in Glucose-1-phosphate and that phosphate is taken from PLP.","cop":1,"opa":"PLP","opb":"TPP","opc":"Riboflavin","opd":"Lipoic acid","subject_name":"Biochemistry","topic_name":"AIIMS 2017","id":"3624dceb-9318-4aa7-add1-b4c2fbac3065","choice_type":"single"}32{"question":"A child's behaviour is traced to have dental difficulties\nfrom\this\tmother.\tThe\tmost\tsatisfactory\tmethod\tof\nhandling the situation is to:","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"Introduce another child as a good example","opb":"Modify his fear by familiarization","opc":"Use small amounts of barbiturates","opd":"Use firmness","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"7b81cd07-3765-4f50-8b28-a88576f4223e","choice_type":"multi"}33{"question":"Which of the following is the only complete cailage ring in the respiratory tree?","exp":"Answer- A (Cricoid cailage)(Ref: BDC 5\/e Vol lII\/p238)Complete cailage ring is seen in Cricoid cailage.Cricoid cailage is shaped like a ring. It encircles the larynx below the thyroid cailage. It is thicker and stronger than the thyroid cailage.","cop":1,"opa":"Cricoid cailage","opb":"Thyroid cailage","opc":"Cunieform cailage","opd":"Epiglottis","subject_name":"Anatomy","topic_name":null,"id":"e845e625-845e-4d02-ab3f-e00f2284d62e","choice_type":"single"}34{"question":"Steps of intubation - arrange in sequence:- a. Head extension and flexion of neck b. Introduction of laryngoscope c. Inflation of cuff d. Check breath sounds with stethoscope e. fixation of the tube to prevent dislodgement","exp":"For intubation: 1st step: Morning sniffing position: extension of atlanto-occipital joint and flexion of neck. 2nd step: Introduction of laryngoscope 3rd step: Push the tongue away, visualize the epiglottis, aryepiglottic fold, hinge the tip of laryngoscope with aryepiglottic fold and lift the laryngoscope to visualize the glottic opening. 4th step: Introduce ETT and inflate the cuff 5th check for bilateral breath sound FIXATION of the ETT.","cop":1,"opa":"ABCDE","opb":"DBCEA","opc":"ACBED","opd":"CBAED","subject_name":"Anaesthesia","topic_name":"AIIMS 2019","id":"fb79561d-8beb-4a31-aaa5-9350e20b0caa","choice_type":"multi"}35{"question":"In Erythroblastosis fetalis not involved is \u2013","exp":"Erythroblastosis fetalis is caused by the transplacental passage of maternal antibody active against paternal RBC antigens of the infant and is characterized by an increased rate of RBC destruction.\nAlthough more than 60 different RBC antigens are capable of eliciting an antibody response, significant disease is associated primarily D antigen of Rh group and with A 0 incompatibility.\nOther rare antigens involved are -\n\n\nC or E antigen of Rh group\nRBC antigens - Cw, Cx, Cu, K (kell), M, Duffy, S, P, MNS, Xg, Lutheran, Diego and Kidd.\n\n\nAnti-Lewis antibodies do not cause disease.","cop":4,"opa":"Anti C","opb":"Anti D","opc":"Anti E","opd":"Anti Lewis","subject_name":"Pediatrics","topic_name":null,"id":"67add9f9-94b5-40b2-904d-fb4965fb8309","choice_type":"single"}36{"question":"A dentist suffered from Hepatitis B infection 3 months back. His laboratory tests are normal, but he is not allowed by the medical board to do surgical practice. He is:","exp":"Convalescent carrier is the host who continues to harbor the microorganism even after recovering from the clinical disease caused by the same pathogen.\nKey Points\u00a0\nHBsAg:\n\nThe antigen appears in blood during incubation period and is detectable in most patients during the prodrome and acute phase of the disease.\nPersistent presence of HBsAg in blood for at least 6 months indicates the carrier state and also indicates the risk of chronic hepatitis and hepatic carcinoma. It is not detectable in the serum during convalescent stage. The presence of HBsAg alone does not necessarily indicate the replication of complete virion, and the patients may not have symptoms of liver damage.\u00a0\n\nParija SC. Textbook of Microbiology & Immunology. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2014. Page:74,553","cop":3,"opa":"Inactive carrier","opb":"Healthy carrier","opc":"Convalescent carrier","opd":"Paradoxical carrier","subject_name":"Microbiology","topic_name":null,"id":"6bfe528d-3481-47e2-bc3d-d38c56b5f0cc","choice_type":"multi"}37{"question":"A pediatrician in a district hospital with specialization neonatal care unit calls an ophthalmologist for consultation for which of the following?","exp":"Answer- B. A baby born at 28 weeks of gestationPremature baby needs to be screenedfor Retinopathy of prematurity.All babies weighing <1500 gm or having a gestational period <32 weeks should be screened with indirect ophthalmoscopybetween 32-36 weeks postconception.","cop":2,"opa":"A newborn with respiratory distress","opb":"A baby born at 28 weeks of gestation","opc":"Newborn with jaundice","opd":"A newborn with bih weight 2300 grams","subject_name":"Pediatrics","topic_name":null,"id":"26a782ca-42b0-441b-a24f-3a368f66727c","choice_type":"multi"}38{"question":"In a child with active liver failure, the most important prognosis factor for death is \u2013","exp":"Prognosis of hepatic failure in children \n\nChildren with hepatic failure have somewhat better prognosis.\nThe prognosis varies considerably with -\n\ni) Cause of liver failure\nii) Stage of hepatic encephalopathy\n\nPoor prognostic factors for mortality\n\n\nIf cause of liver failure is\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u2014>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Wilson disease, idiopathic\nStage IV coma \u2014> Most common cause of death is brain stem herniation\nAge < I year\nSepsis\nSevere hemorrhage\nRenal failure\n, Need for dialysis before transplantation\n\nFor option b & c -\n\"Pretransplant serum bilirubin concentration and the INR (prothrombin time) of coagulation are not predictive\u00a0of post transplant survival\".","cop":4,"opa":"Increasing transaminases","opb":"Increasing bilirubin","opc":"Increasing prothrombin time","opd":"Gram (\u2013)ve sepsis","subject_name":"Pediatrics","topic_name":null,"id":"641f160f-eef0-4b8c-9cb8-3241d2d63173","choice_type":"single"}39{"question":"A patient went into shock immediately after normal delivery, likely cause:","exp":"Friends this is one of those questions where we can derive the answer by excluding other options as very little information has been provided to us.\nSudden post partum collapse \u2013 may be seen in all the four cases viz \u2013 amniotic fluid embolism, PPH, uterine inversion and eclampsia.\nBut in case of PPH antecedent H\/O excessive blood loss, in eclampsia \u2013 H\/O antecedent convulsions and in amniotic fluid embolism \u2013 H\/O abrupt onset of respiratory distress before collapse should be present, which is not given in the question so these options are being excluded.\nThe clinical picture of acute inversion occurring in the third stage of labour is characterised by shock and haemorrhage, the shock being out of proportion to the bleeding.\nSince this a problem which occurs due to mismanaged third stage of labour, patient doesnot have any complain in the antenatal period or during labour.\nUterine inversion \u2013 \u201cIt should be suspected whenever a woman has unexplained postpartum collapse.\u201d\nTextbook of Obs, Sheila Balakrishnan, p 489","cop":3,"opa":"Amniotic fluid embolism","opb":"PPH","opc":"Uterine inversion","opd":"Eclampsia","subject_name":"Gynaecology & Obstetrics","topic_name":null,"id":"3a13e9bb-48ab-46c1-9d50-e1612840d922","choice_type":"single"}40{"question":"A patient presented with flat topped violaceous papules, thinning of nails and onycholysis. What is the microscopic finding observed in this patient?","exp":"Ans. c. Basal degeneration","cop":3,"opa":"Prominent necrotic cell","opb":"Suprabasal split","opc":"Basal cell degeneration","opd":"Acantholysis","subject_name":"ENT","topic_name":null,"id":"9bad2095-2dd9-4485-946a-4ef51d16e8a4","choice_type":"single"}41{"question":"Which of the following is not. true regarding myelopathy?","exp":"Ans. b. Brisk jaw jerk(Ref: De Jongs Neurological examination\/ p194, 201, 474.'Jaw jerk is exaggerated in supranuclear lesions that are above the mid pons.","cop":2,"opa":"Sensory loss of facial area","opb":"Brisk jaw jerk","opc":"Brisk pectoral jerk","opd":"Urgency and incontinence of micturition","subject_name":"Medicine","topic_name":null,"id":"86da0aa9-4ee5-4d2d-909b-e40e20b97d1c","choice_type":"multi"}42{"question":"Which of the following committees has recommended a 3-year bachelor degree in medical education for rural health service?","exp":"Answer- A. High level expe group of universal health program for indiaConcept of 3 years bachelor para-medical course for rural health service was proposed by Ministry of health and family welfare and received backing of Planning Commission of India's High level expe group of universal health program.","cop":1,"opa":"High level expe group of universal health program for india","opb":"Central bureau of health investigation","opc":"Srivastava committee","opd":"Sundar committee","subject_name":"Social & Preventive Medicine","topic_name":null,"id":"ddb3f2a6-295a-4d4b-8478-5c15049b62a8","choice_type":"single"}43{"question":"Sequential arrangement of fetal scans -","exp":"Ans: D. AllThe NT scan must be done between 11 and 14 weeks pregnant, because this is when the base of baby's neck is still transparent. (The last day for scan is 13 weeks and 6 days pregnant.)Triple marker test is performed in pregnant women at the end of first trimester and the beginning of the second trimester.The anomaly scan, also sometimes called the anatomy scan, 20 week ultrasound, or level 2 ultrasound, is a pregnancy ultrasound performed between 18-22 weeksA growth scan is an ultrasound scan that determines whether your baby's growth is normal. Doctors typically recommend it for women during the third trimester of pregnancy; one of the reasons it is also a fetal growth scan between 28 weeks and 32 weeks of pregnancy.","cop":4,"opa":"Growth scan","opb":"Triple marker","opc":"Anomalous Scan and NT scan","opd":"All","subject_name":"Pediatrics","topic_name":null,"id":"7697c864-514c-4a73-8ce4-ea6cf0d0b651","choice_type":"multi"}44{"question":"Which one of the following is a muscle splitting incision?","exp":"Ans: D. Lanz incisionLanz incision:An oblique (transverse skin crease), muscle splitting incision used for an appendectomy.A modification of McBurney's (Grid Iron) incision.Advantages:Considered cosmetically better.Exposure is better.The extension is easier.Measurements:Incision, appropriate in length to size & obesity of patient - Approximately 2 cm below umbilicus centered on the midclavicular-mid inguinal line.It can be extended medially - With retraction or suitable division of rectus abdominis muscle.","cop":4,"opa":"Kocher's incision","opb":"Rutherford-Morrison incision","opc":"Pfannenstiel incision","opd":"Lanz incision","subject_name":"Surgery","topic_name":null,"id":"9a3940ff-8c7a-492c-86d4-259c47cef675","choice_type":"single"}45{"question":"Multiple canals in mandibular premolars are seen in?","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Africas","opb":"Caucians","opc":"Not Recalled","opd":"Not Recalled","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"98ae0eca-84e2-4b3c-95e3-2920fafef1e8","choice_type":"multi"}46{"question":"Which of the following blade angle is appropriate for scaling and root planing","exp":"Blade angulation.\n(A) 0 degrees: correct angulation for blade insertion.\n(B) 45 to 90 degrees: correct angulation for scaling and root planing.\n(C) less than 45 degrees: incorrect angulation for scaling and root planing.\n(d) More than 90 degrees: incorrect angulation for scaling and root planing, but correct angulation for gingival curettage.","cop":2,"opa":"A","opb":"B","opc":"C","opd":"D","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"5ce754b8-b358-4270-9bd1-8828700a19b1","choice_type":"single"}47{"question":"Which pa of brachial plexus do not give branches","exp":"Answer: B. DivisionDivision does not give branches","cop":2,"opa":"Root","opb":"Division","opc":"Cord","opd":"Trunk","subject_name":"Anatomy","topic_name":null,"id":"849b1909-c988-4d0b-8eaf-a716707cbe97","choice_type":"single"}48{"question":"If the Rb gene phosphorylation is defective, which of the following will happen?","exp":"Answer- A. Cell cycle will stop at GI phaseRb is a tumor suppressor gene. It normally arrests cell division at G1-S phase. Phosphorylation of Rb gene allows the cell to divide, hence inhibition of phosphorylation (which is the constitutive scenario for Rb gene) arrests the cell in GI phase.RB (Retinoblastoma) geneLocated on chromosome on 13q14Tumor suppressive pocket protein that binds E2F transcription factors in hypophophorylated stateKey negative regulator of G1\/S cell cycle transition . Tumors associated: Retinoblastoma, osteosarcoma, Glioblastoma, small cell carcinoma of lung, CA breast & CA bladderSequence: Go- G1- S- G2 - M","cop":1,"opa":"Cell cycle will stop at GI phase","opb":"Cell cycle will stop at G2 phase","opc":"The cell cycle will progress and the cell will divide","opd":"There will be no effect on cell cycle as for Rb gene phosphorylation is not needed","subject_name":"Pathology","topic_name":null,"id":"07d58883-b752-4898-ab70-a1df892ef7bd","choice_type":"single"}49{"question":"Cumulative index is:","exp":null,"cop":3,"opa":"Russet's periodontal index","opb":"Ramjford's periodontal index","opc":"PMA (Massler and Schlour)","opd":"Gingival index (Loe and Silness)","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"66b9ec80-bfe0-485a-89ae-42e666aab572","choice_type":"single"}50{"question":"The cells which will proliferate from top to bottom of villi are:","exp":"Paneth cells or zymogen cells are found only in the deeper parts of the intestinal crypts.\n\u00a0They contain prominent eosinophilic secretory granules.\n\u00a0They also contain high amount of zinc.\n\u00a0They are known to produce lysozyme, defensins and TNF alpha that destroy bacteria.\n\u00a0They exceptionally migrate towards the base of the crypts of Lieberkuhn instead of going toward the villi","cop":3,"opa":"Chief cells","opb":"Goblet cells","opc":"Paneth cells","opd":"Parietal cells","subject_name":"Anatomy","topic_name":null,"id":"0e46082c-1abc-4330-a12d-6948554559a2","choice_type":"single"}51{"question":"What is the usual weight of rabbit used in ophthalmological experiments?","exp":"Ans: B. 1.5-2.5 kg(Ref: Animal Models in Eve Research\/ p188).The usual weight of rabbit used in ophthalmological experiments is between 1.5-2.5 Kg. Laboratory Animals:Laboratory AnimalsAnimalWeightRat180-200 gmGuinea Pig400-600 gmMouse20-25 gmRabbit1.5-2.5 KgdegHamster80-90 gm","cop":2,"opa":"0.5-1 kg","opb":"1.5-2.5 kg","opc":"5-7 kg","opd":"10-12 kg","subject_name":"Ophthalmology","topic_name":null,"id":"360f90ec-189e-464a-a60d-ed9d9bda46ef","choice_type":"single"}52{"question":"In plasmodium vivax malaria, relapse is caused by:September 2012","exp":"Ans: C i.e. HypnoziteMalariaIn malaria, size of RBC is increased in: VivaxInfective agent of malaria is: SporozoiteFalciparum malariaGametocytes are seen in peripheral blood smearParasitemia is highestMost virulent plasmodium speciesExo-erythrocytic stage is absentMultiple infections of RBC'sSplenic rupture is common","cop":3,"opa":"Sporozoite","opb":"Schizont","opc":"Hypnozoite","opd":"Gamteocyte","subject_name":"Medicine","topic_name":null,"id":"ee55a9bc-62bb-4952-957a-1902ff5b4376","choice_type":"single"}53{"question":"Retraction of mandible is achieved by:","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"Lateral pterygoid","opb":"Temporalis","opc":"Medial pterygoid","opd":"Masseter","subject_name":"Anatomy","topic_name":null,"id":"06cab4ad-fb49-4daa-92db-5ee3529af02f","choice_type":"single"}54{"question":"How is modified shock index represented as?","exp":"HR normal: 60-100 MAP normal: 95","cop":1,"opa":"HR\/MAP","opb":"MAP\/HR","opc":"HR\/SBP","opd":"HR\/DBP","subject_name":"Medicine","topic_name":"AIIMS 2017","id":"783df438-362f-4ab5-a8b3-11ea2bfb2af7","choice_type":"single"}55{"question":"A 3 week neonate with ambiguous genitalia presented with Na+ 127 meq\/L, K+ 7.2 meq\/L wit BP 52\/24 mm Hg and he was managed with IV fluids. What is the next step of management?","exp":"Karyotype 46 XX Physical appearance - male pattern Precocious pubey at 2-4 yrs. of age. Uterus, cervix and fallopian tubes are present (bcz 44 XX) - Mullerian duct development is normal. Metabolic problems: Hyponatremia - aldosterone deficiency Hyperkalemia Hypotension Diagnosis: 1) USG Normal 2) Barr body present 3) Biochemistry - 17 hydroxyprogesterone || > 800 ngm\/dl. Management: DOC - Dexamethasone - to pregnant women and fetus both having CAH. Hydrocoisone - pregnant women alone having CAH but fetus is normal. Neonate with CAH. Labioscrotal folds may be separated to folds may be fused at the midline, giving an appearance of a scrotum Labioscrotal folds with increased pigmentation suggest the possibility of increased coicotropin levels as pa of adrenogenital syndrome","cop":2,"opa":"Spironolactone","opb":"Hydrocoisone administration","opc":"Broad spectrum antibiotics","opd":"Calcium gluconate","subject_name":"Pediatrics","topic_name":"AIIMS 2019","id":"fe85c6e7-2064-4045-b348-57a9eb2bc6b4","choice_type":"multi"}56{"question":"Base pairs in DNA","exp":null,"cop":3,"opa":"1.5 billion","opb":"46 billions","opc":"3.2 billion","opd":"100 billion","subject_name":"Pathology","topic_name":null,"id":"87f6392c-b727-4e7d-be12-189db181fd2b","choice_type":"single"}57{"question":"Which of the following is a solid solution?","exp":"The structure of noble alloys can consist of solid solutions, in which the elements are completely soluble in one another at all temperatures and compositions.\nThe majority of noble metal casting alloys for dental restorations are based on solid solutions. An important example is the palladium-silver (Pd-Ag) alloy system. Silver forms a series of solid solutions with palladium and gold, and is therefore common in gold- and palladium-based dental alloys.\nRef: Phillip\u2019s 12th edition page 79. Craig\u2019s 14th edition page 182,184","cop":3,"opa":"Amalgam","opb":"Cobalt-chromium","opc":"Silver-palladium","opd":"Gallium-silver","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"c2b29a6c-e501-4532-97ad-62934778db2a","choice_type":"multi"}58{"question":"Tracheal secretions should be suctioned for:","exp":"Ans. a. 10-15 seconds(Ref Current DiMMOCIC and Treatment Critical Care 3\/e p255)Tracheal secretions should he suctioned limiting the time to less than 10-15 seconds. The patient should be preoxygenated with 100% oxygen for at least a minute, and the total suction time should be limited to no more than 10-15 seconds on each attempt.","cop":1,"opa":"10-15 seconds","opb":"60 seconds","opc":"30 seconds","opd":"3 minutes","subject_name":"Anaesthesia","topic_name":null,"id":"1bf69f9a-987c-48fc-9356-d62d2148c3a6","choice_type":"single"}59{"question":"A patient presents with carcinoma of the larynx involving the left false cords, left arytenoid and the left aryepiglottic folds with bilateral mobile true cords. Treatment of choice is -","exp":"In the Patient\n\nInvolvement of unilateral false cord, aryepiglottic folds and arytenoids with mobile cord suggest supraglottic cancer in T2 stage (morem than one subsites of supraglottis are involved).\nFor T2 stage radiotherpy is best. But it is not given in options. Hence we will go for voice conserving surgery-vertical hemilaryngectomy.\nVertical hemilaryngectomy means excision of one half of larynx, one half of supraglottis, glottis and subglottis.","cop":1,"opa":"Vertical hemilaryngectomy","opb":"Horizontal partial hemilaryngectomy","opc":"Total laryngectomy","opd":"Radiotherapy followed by chemotherapy","subject_name":"ENT","topic_name":null,"id":"1482f619-ffc5-4773-b48e-995421bcab06","choice_type":"multi"}60{"question":"Which of the following lipoproteins does not move towards charged end in electrophoresis?","exp":"Based on electrophoretic separation from cathode\u00a0to anode, the order of lipoprotein in an electrophoretogram is\u00a0\n\nChylomicron\nLDL (\u03b2 Lipoprotein)\nVLDL (Pre\u00a0\u03b2 Lipoprotein)\nIDL (Broad\u00a0\u03b2 Lipoprotein)\nHDL (\u03b1 Lipoprotein)","cop":4,"opa":"VLDL","opb":"LDL","opc":"HDL","opd":"Chylomicrons","subject_name":"Biochemistry","topic_name":null,"id":"0e7917ea-310b-4477-9897-f4901f728448","choice_type":"single"}61{"question":"A 60 years old male presented with fever, chills and dysuria. Patient was hospitalized in emergency for 5 days. PSA level was 7.4. Next best step in this patient:","exp":"Answer- D. Antibiotics and admitTreatment for acute bacterial prostatitis:MC used antibiotics are: TMP-SMX and Ciprofloxacin (Both are having better concentration in prostatic tissue)Around 4-6 weeks of antibiotic therapy is used to ave chronic bacterial prostatitis.","cop":4,"opa":"Repeat PSA","opb":"TURP","opc":"TRUS guided biopsy","opd":"Antibiotics and admit","subject_name":"Surgery","topic_name":null,"id":"eaf9a948-8b99-4522-a75d-7649ecd0e3f7","choice_type":"multi"}62{"question":"Name the structure marked with arrow","exp":"The structure marked with arrow- Secretory vesicles.","cop":3,"opa":"Mitochondria","opb":"Golgi bodies","opc":"Secretory vesicles","opd":"Rough Endoplasmic reticulum","subject_name":"Physiology","topic_name":"AIIMS 2018","id":"133b6b41-ac32-4d94-b0c8-9004aa2214f4","choice_type":"single"}63{"question":"A patient from,nqh-eastern states was diagnosed to have infection with P. falciparum malaria. What is the most appropriate drug for this patient?","exp":"Ans: A. Aemether plus lumefantrineRef: <a href=\" Combination Therapy (ACT) should be given to all the confirmed P. falciparum cases.<\/li>The ACT recommended in the National Program all over India except noheastern states is aesunate (AS) daily for3 days and Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) on Day 0.Noheastern states presently recommended ACT in national drug policy is fixed dose combination of Aemether-lumefaritrine.Hence, the clear-cut answer of this question is Aemether plus lumefantrine.","cop":1,"opa":"Aemether plus lumefantrine","opb":"Sulfadoxine plus pyrimethamine","opc":"Chloroquine","opd":"Mefloquine","subject_name":"Pharmacology","topic_name":null,"id":"a570d3c3-865a-41b6-8e21-dccbf7feec4c","choice_type":"single"}64{"question":"Iron is present in all, EXCEPT","exp":null,"cop":4,"opa":"Myoglobin","opb":"Cytochrome","opc":"Catalase","opd":"Pyruvate kinase","subject_name":"Biochemistry","topic_name":null,"id":"7627eb54-4499-45d0-ba1f-1c8dbc6f2342","choice_type":"multi"}65{"question":"The most common bone tumor that occurs in children is:","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Osteosarcoma","opb":"Ewing's sarcoma","opc":"Metastatic carcinoma","opd":"Multiple myeloma","subject_name":"Pathology","topic_name":null,"id":"57eb90ac-1025-4763-b6c0-ff5581ef2126","choice_type":"single"}66{"question":"In a couple for treatment of infeility from the last four years, female paner is normal. Male paner has 0.8 ml semen volume per ejaculate on two repeated samples and absent fructose, with no sperms on examination under microscope. What is the next line of management?","exp":"Answer- D. Transrectal ultrasound to detect duct obstructionAbsent fructose with no sperms in ejaculate is suggestive of obstruction of vas deferens with seminal vesicle agenesis or obstruction. Next line of management in this patient would be transrectal ultrasound to detect duct obstruction.Transrectal Ultrasound-High-frequency (5-7) mHz transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) offers superb imaging of the prostate, seminal vesicles, and ejaculatory ducts.Due to both accuracy and convenience, TRUS has replaced surgical vasography in the diagnosis of obstructive lesions that cause infeility.","cop":4,"opa":"Per-rectal examination to check ejaculatory duct obstruction","opb":"Give antioxidants","opc":"Testicular biopsy","opd":"Transrectal ultrasound to detect duct obstruction","subject_name":"Surgery","topic_name":null,"id":"890982b8-3906-44be-aff1-437a7c6c373d","choice_type":"single"}67{"question":"The zygomatic bone does not articulate with:","exp":null,"cop":3,"opa":"Frontal bone","opb":"Maxillary bone","opc":"Nasal bone","opd":"Temporal bone","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"069b7516-54c4-4e5d-acf7-a7c92fdd2a01","choice_type":"single"}68{"question":"Which of the following statements is true regarding medical aboion?","exp":"Ans: D. Only a person ceified under MTP act can perform medical termination of pregnancy(Ref Shaw 16\/e 28(, 15\/e p244-245, William) 24\/e p568).MTP can be performed up to 20 weeks according to MTP act.Ultrasound is not needed in all cases.Only ceified person for MTP act can perform medical termination of pregnancy.","cop":4,"opa":"Ultrasound should be done in all cases","opb":"If the patient has an IUCD in-situ, it doesn't need to be removed","opc":"Can only be done up to 72 days","opd":"Only a person ceified under MTP act can perform medical termination of pregnancy","subject_name":"Gynaecology & Obstetrics","topic_name":null,"id":"e872c1fb-0521-4b18-bfbb-b60544b78a99","choice_type":"multi"}69{"question":"Calcium ions triggers muscle contraction by binding to:","exp":null,"cop":3,"opa":"Actin","opb":"Myosin","opc":"Troponin","opd":"Tropomyosin","subject_name":"Physiology","topic_name":null,"id":"21af7233-ae6a-423c-ae71-9148212a37c3","choice_type":"single"}70{"question":"SD plasma destroys lipid enveloped virus. On SD plasma transfusion, which of the following infection is the likely possibility?","exp":"Since SD plasma destroys lipid enveloped viruses the viruses which are not enveloped are most likely to cause infection. The impoant non enveloped viruses are viruses belonging to family PICORNAVIRIDAE, REOVIRIDAE, ASTROVIRIDAE and CALCIVIRIDAE and one of the impoant member of PICORNAVIRIDAE is hepatitis a virus which is a non enveloped RNA virus.","cop":2,"opa":"HIV","opb":"HAV","opc":"HBV","opd":"HCV","subject_name":"Microbiology","topic_name":"AIIMS 2018","id":"1e94a9ca-55e4-4e9a-bf7b-cb2dc4ba2ab5","choice_type":"single"}71{"question":"According to the intelligence quotient classification, a score of 90-110 is:","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"Low average.","opb":"Average","opc":"Superior","opd":"Mentally retarded.","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"4b40c558-d6be-4683-ac70-b43beafccae3","choice_type":"multi"}72{"question":"Due to which of the following enzyme deficiency, vitamin C cannot be synthesised in humans?","exp":"L-Gulonolactone oxidase produces Vitamin C Uronic acid pathway, but only in plants & most animals. Humans cannot make vitamin C due to absence of L-Gulonolactone oxidase enzyme.(See fig) Uronic acid pathway- glucose is conveed to glucuronic acid, pentoses and, in some animals, to ascorbic acid (not in man). ADDITIONAL EDGE: Uronic Acid Pathway synthesize Glucuronic Acid, Pentoses and Vit C Uses of Glucuronic acid: Incorporated into proteoglycans (Glucuronate used) Acts as a conjugating agent (Phase II conjugation reactions like bilirubin conjugation)","cop":3,"opa":"L-Glucuronic acid oxidase","opb":"L-Gulonic acid reductase","opc":"L-Gulonolactone oxidase","opd":"L-Gulonolactone reductase","subject_name":"Biochemistry","topic_name":"AIIMS 2018","id":"d1d16eda-c34e-4492-bee4-1b8c4246daf3","choice_type":"single"}73{"question":"In a patient of heart disease antibiotic prophylaxis for dental extraction is:","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Amoxicillin.","opb":"Imipenem.","opc":"Gentamicin.","opd":"Erythromycin.","subject_name":"Medicine","topic_name":null,"id":"732401b0-673b-4842-baed-ddd00626c561","choice_type":"single"}74{"question":"Which of the following type of failure may occur, if the coefficient of thermal expansion of ceramic is much lower than that of metal?","exp":"A thermal contraction mismatch that results from a higher coe\ufb03cient of contraction of porcelain (\u03b1P is\u00a0greater than \u03b1M) will introduce residual tangential and hoop tensile stresses. The additive e\ufb00ect of tangential tensile stress induced in the porcelain by the intraoral force can exceed the tensile strength\u00a0of the porcelain and causes crack propagation in the porcelain veneer. When the contraction coe\ufb03cient of the porcelain is much lower than that of the metal (\u03b1P much lower than \u03b1M), porcelain cracking or metal-ceramic bond failure can occur near the metal-porcelain interface. This incompatibility failure is likely caused by the development of radial tensile stresses that exceed the tensile strength of porcelain.\nContraction coe\ufb03cient of the porcelain - \u03b1P\u00a0\u00a0\nContraction coe\ufb03cient of the metal - \u03b1M\n\u00a0\nPhillip\u2019s 12th edition page 423","cop":2,"opa":"Cohesive failure of ceramic","opb":"Adhesive failure of metal ceramic bond","opc":"Cohesive failure of metal","opd":"Cohesive failure of metal ceramic bond","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"87d8663f-e0cd-4766-87b7-5312dfc4cd62","choice_type":"single"}75{"question":"Anti monsoon curve seen in :","exp":null,"cop":4,"opa":"Premolar","opb":"Molar","opc":"Anterior","opd":"All of the above.","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"685afed9-5dfa-4383-9001-50148cf6cb99","choice_type":"multi"}76{"question":"A 10 years old child has lytic lesions in upper femur, the differential diagnosis can be all except :","exp":"Plasmocytoma can be easily ruled out.\nIt is a localized form of multiple myeloma which usually occurs in 5th to 7th decade.\nMetastasis, histiocytosis and brown tumor can cause lytic bone lesions in childhood.","cop":1,"opa":"Plasmacytoma","opb":"Browns tumour","opc":"Metastasis","opd":"Histiocytosis","subject_name":"Pediatrics","topic_name":null,"id":"bbd0ab20-0dce-48f8-ba8f-288d205feb3c","choice_type":"multi"}77{"question":"During periradicular surgery bone is removed with?","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Round burr","opb":"Double inverted cone burr","opc":"Fissure burr","opd":"Taper Burr","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"4a36bb7a-a19f-4aba-82b3-6cd35fc3cbc0","choice_type":"single"}78{"question":"The primary function of the dental pulp is:","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"Nutritive","opb":"Production of dentin","opc":"Production of enamel","opd":"Vascular supply to the teeth","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"4f5f8f0f-7956-4d71-b7ad-d29b76eda55f","choice_type":"single"}79{"question":"Which of the following increases callus formation:","exp":"Ans: B. Movement at fracture site (Ref Apley 9\/e p689)Micro movements at fracture site encourages vascular proliferation -Increases callus formation.","cop":2,"opa":"Rigid immobilization","opb":"Movement at fracture site","opc":"Compression plating","opd":"Intraosseous nailing","subject_name":"Gynaecology & Obstetrics","topic_name":null,"id":"f1f7b5b5-1446-4c3b-b863-6f933689cb95","choice_type":"multi"}80{"question":"Child of Vasanthi was weaned from breast milk on the 5th day and was given sugarcane juice the child developed hypoglycemia and hepatomegaly biochemical examination showed hypophosphatemia and enzyme deficiencies\u2013reducing substances in urine. The child is probably suffering from which of the following enzyme deficiencies \u2013","exp":"HEREDITARY FRUCTOSE INTOLERANCE \n\nSymptoms of hypoglycemia, hepatomegaly develping after injection of excessive fructose intake (sugar cane juice contains the major dietary source of fructose-Sucrose suggest the diagnosis of hereditary fructose intolerance.\nClinical disorders related to fructose metabolism can result from excessive fructose consumption that exceed's the body's ability to efficiently convert the sugar into metabolic intermediates.\nIn normal persons fructose is metabolized in the following way","cop":2,"opa":"Fructokinase","opb":"Aldolase B","opc":"Glucose 6 Phosphatase","opd":"Beta galactosidase","subject_name":"Pediatrics","topic_name":null,"id":"e621e03f-d935-427f-a7a7-14f6f9a0efab","choice_type":"single"}81{"question":"Skeletal muscles","exp":null,"cop":3,"opa":"Contracts when calcium is taken up by sarcoplasmic reticulum","opb":"Contracts when actin and myosin filaments shorten","opc":"Contraction is initiated by calcium binding to troponin","opd":"Contraction is initiated by calcium binding to tropomyosin","subject_name":"Physiology","topic_name":null,"id":"60e4c703-caf9-4e1c-a6d8-fcbaeae819d4","choice_type":"single"}82{"question":"Which of the following is most effective for gluconeogenesis in starvation?","exp":"Ans: A(Ref: Harper 30\/c 1)1880)Acetyl Co-A stimulation of pyruvate carboxylase is most effective for gluconeogenesis.In Gluconeogenesis, pyruvate carboxylase catalyzes oxaloacetate synthesis from pyruvate.","cop":1,"opa":"Acetyl Co-A stimulation of pyruvate carboxylase","opb":"Fructose-1, 6-biphosphate stimulation of phosphofructokinase-1","opc":"Citrate stimulation of acetyl carboxylase","opd":"Fructose-2, 6-biphosphate stimulation of phosphofructokinase-2","subject_name":"Biochemistry","topic_name":null,"id":"90481eeb-fa12-4a3d-8348-dd3f1758167c","choice_type":"single"}83{"question":"Which is not involved in iron metabolism?","exp":"Transferrin is used for transpoing iron throughout the body BUT Transthyretin (Option a) - transpos Thyroxine & Retinol binding protein. So, it is NOT involved in iron metabolism WITH RESPECT TO OTHER OPTIONS: (Option b) Ceruloplasmin is a Cu containing enzyme also having Ferroxidase activity. Ferroxidase conves Fe +2 to Fe +3 (i.e. Ferrous to ferric). Ferric form of iron is required for transpo by transferrin in plasma. (Option c) Hepcidin regulates iron transpo in circulation. (Option d) Ferritin & Haemosiderin are proteins for iron storage. Haemosiderin has higher iron content than Ferritin.","cop":1,"opa":"Transthyretin","opb":"Ceruloplasmin","opc":"Hepcidin","opd":"Ferropoin","subject_name":"Biochemistry","topic_name":"AIIMS 2017","id":"d2398cd6-b205-4fb3-a4c4-9e575662b0bf","choice_type":"single"}84{"question":"A 14 year girl presented with absent thelarche.On examination uterus was present. Investigations showed high FSH. karyotype is XY.What is the probable diagnosis?","exp":"Ans. A. Gonadal dysgenesisRef: Clinical Gynecologic Endocrinoktgt Infeility, 8\" ed.Gonadal dysgenesis (Swyer Syndrome):Uncommon form of gonadal dysgenesis, characterized by a 46,XY karyotype.","cop":1,"opa":"Gonadal dysgenesis","opb":"Kallman syndrome","opc":"Androgen insensitivity syndrome","opd":"Adrenal hyperplasia","subject_name":"Gynaecology & Obstetrics","topic_name":null,"id":"aa32b0f3-dd63-455c-8de0-9fd429edfd20","choice_type":"multi"}85{"question":"Reciprocal arm taper in","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"1 dimension","opb":"2 dimension","opc":"3 dimension","opd":"Not tapered","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"5878356e-0dc4-4d11-81fe-765d78c6b593","choice_type":"single"}86{"question":"Bluegrass appliance is used to treat:","exp":null,"cop":3,"opa":"Thumb sucking.","opb":"Tongue thrusting.","opc":"Both","opd":"Mouth breathing.","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"4710c6bb-67b6-47ab-85e1-7cac22bd35cf","choice_type":"multi"}87{"question":"On a primary 2nd molar caries occur most commonly on","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Occlusal pit and fissures","opb":"Proximal caries below contact point","opc":"Buccal surface","opd":"Promixal caries above contact point","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"92693be1-566d-490a-9ecb-bb5124769c74","choice_type":"multi"}88{"question":"Waldeyer's lymphatic chain is formed by all except","exp":null,"cop":4,"opa":"Palatine tonsils","opb":"Pharyngeal tonsils","opc":"Tubal and lingual tonsils","opd":"Post auricular nodes","subject_name":"Anatomy","topic_name":null,"id":"0449cf80-87b3-4345-8c80-f007398c4fab","choice_type":"multi"}89{"question":"Polydactyly, craniosynostosis, Late closure of fontanelles is a feature of:","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Apert's syndrome","opb":"Crouton's syndrome","opc":"Pierre robin syndrome","opd":"Down' syndrome","subject_name":"Pathology","topic_name":null,"id":"0c897b21-e2f5-4b70-ac40-edc59745a66c","choice_type":"single"}90{"question":"Physiological changes seen in laparoscopy include all except:","exp":"Ans: D. Increased pH(Ref Bailey 27\/e p87, 26\/e p94,. http:\/\/www.laparoscopyhospitaLcom\/physiological-changes!laparasconyhtm1)Metabolic acidosis (decrease pH) from CO, absorption is the primary derangement with laparoscopy.Laparoscopy:In laparoscopic surgeries, rigid endoscope introduced through a sleeve into peritoneal cavity.Needle used for pneumoperitoneum: Veress needle.Most commonly used gas: CO2.Physiological Effects of LaparoscopyCardiovascularIncreased intra-abdominal pressure a | CVP, | PCWP, | SVR & | MAP a | Preload &| afterload a decreasing cardiac output.PulmonaryCephalad shift of diaphragm decreases FRC, chest wall compliance and tidal volume increasing the work of breathing.RenalIncreased IAP decreases renal flow, decreasing GFR & reduced urine output.Raised pCO2 leads to RAAS stimulation. No long-term change in GFR\/UO.GastrointestinalDecreased perfusion to intestines and stomach (as a result of increase IAP) decreases pHDecreased poal and hepatic flow leads to elevation of LFTs.Peripheral vascularIncidence of DVT, PE is generally lower post-laparoscopic procedures probably secondary to improved prophylaxisRisk is increased with longer procedures and reverse Trendelenberg position.","cop":4,"opa":"Increased ICP","opb":"Decreased FRC","opc":"Increased CVP","opd":"Increased pH","subject_name":"Surgery","topic_name":null,"id":"4f95b3a2-a4bd-4bbd-978c-4a560a17d67d","choice_type":"multi"}91{"question":"Which of the following nerve fibre types is least susceptible to LA blockade?","exp":"Sensitivity of Local anesthetic To nerve fibers B > A 8 = C > Ag > Ab > Aa","cop":2,"opa":"A beta","opb":"A alpha","opc":"B fibers","opd":"C fibers","subject_name":"Anaesthesia","topic_name":"AIIMS 2017","id":"820b79a8-3eef-494b-a007-995db6b5258c","choice_type":"single"}92{"question":"A child born with multiple congenital defect including cleft palate, neural tube defect, atrial septal defect and microcephaly which of the following drug is used by mother during pregnancy:","exp":"Friends, Remember CNS anomaly (NTD) + CVS anomaly + facial defects are seen with the use of isotretinoin.","cop":2,"opa":"Erythromycin","opb":"Isotretinoin","opc":"Ibuprofen","opd":"Metronidazole","subject_name":"Gynaecology & Obstetrics","topic_name":null,"id":"740f528e-5192-44dc-89a3-4e2a1249e3c6","choice_type":"single"}93{"question":"Incorporation of peripheral seal in an impression is necessary to obtain;","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"Stability","opb":"Functionally moulded periphery","opc":"Harmonious occlusion","opd":"Posterior palatal seal","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"729e5ae9-94b3-4aa0-be92-c64186ec1875","choice_type":"multi"}94{"question":"Increase in height of mandible with increase in interdental spaces in elderly man","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Hyperpituitarism","opb":"Hyperthyroidism","opc":"Hypopituitarism","opd":"Hyperparathyroidism","subject_name":"Pathology","topic_name":null,"id":"e726a65e-0874-481f-b20e-717b951a7b73","choice_type":"single"}95{"question":"A patient has seasonal allergic rhinitis and is on terfenadine. He develops cardiac arrhythmias after a course of antibiotics. Which of the following antibiotic could have been given:","exp":null,"cop":3,"opa":"Ampicillin","opb":"Tetracycline","opc":"Erythromycin","opd":"Co-trimoxazole","subject_name":"Pharmacology","topic_name":null,"id":"0190a0f3-416a-4d56-a172-7738b023fd28","choice_type":"multi"}96{"question":"Modulus of elasticity means:","exp":"ELASTIC MODULUS (YOUNG\u2019S MODULUS OR MODULUS OF ELASTICITY)\nThe word stiffness should come to mind upon reading one of these three terms in the dental literature. Elastic modulus describes the relative stiffness or rigidity of a material, which is measured by the slope of the elastic region of the stress-strain graph.\nReference: PHILLIPS\u2019 SCIENCE OF DENTAL MATERIALS, 12th ed page no 53","cop":1,"opa":"Rigidity or stiffness of the material","opb":"Ability to be stretched with permanent deformation","opc":"Ductility of a material","opd":"Malleability of the metal","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"f719334e-ac98-46bf-8b44-89f71994e233","choice_type":"multi"}97{"question":"Vwf factor is produced by:","exp":"Ans: B. Endothelial cellsVon willebrand factor (vWF)* This is the larger component.* It is produced by endothelial cells (main source) and megakaryocytes.It has two major functions ?* Helps in platelets adhesion by interacting with platelet membrane glycoprotein ib-IX.* Stabilizes factor VIllc.","cop":2,"opa":"Platelets","opb":"Endothelial cells","opc":"Neutrophils","opd":"Monocytes","subject_name":"Pathology","topic_name":null,"id":"94e49b87-631d-4d93-bdf8-e8e71ae04654","choice_type":"single"}98{"question":"Which of the following statement is false statement about snake-bites?","exp":"Ans: D. Neostigmine has a role in krait bite.(Ref: Parikh 6\/e p9.47: Harrison 19\/e p2736; Snake Bite: Indian Guidelines and Protocol p 425)Role of neostigmine in snake-bite:An anticholinesterase.Paicularly effective in postsynaptic neurotoxins (cobra).Not useful against presynaptic neurotoxin (common krait & Russell's viper).Polyvalent Anti-snake venom - Ineffective against humpnosed pit viper (Hypnale).","cop":4,"opa":"Anti-venom is not effective in humpnosed pit viper bite","opb":"Cobra venom is neurotoxic","opc":"Atropine premedication should be used before administering Neostigmine","opd":"Neostigmine has a role in krait bite.","subject_name":"Forensic Medicine","topic_name":null,"id":"cfa28a58-dd1f-4852-b34f-d150a9fd9011","choice_type":"multi"}99{"question":"A prosthetic appliance given to cover the palatal defect in patients with cleft palate is called","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"Artificial velum","opb":"Obturator","opc":"Removable prosthetic appliance","opd":"None of the above","subject_name":"Surgery","topic_name":null,"id":"262da3d5-8115-448d-9e82-625fca2aac59","choice_type":"multi"}100{"question":"Biofilm forming bacteria causes antimicrobial resist-ance by all of the following except:","exp":"Ans. d. AdherenceBiofilm in the bacteria leads antimicrobial resistance by acting as mechanical barrier, increased excretion of antibiotics and altered metabolism inside the biofilms.Growth in biofilms leads to altered microbial metabolism, production of extra cellular virulence factors, and decreased susceptibility to biocides, antimicrobial agents, and host defense molecules and cells. P aeruginosa growing on the bronchial mucosa during chronic infection, staphylococci and other pathogens growing on implanted medical devices, and dental pathogens growing on tooth surfaces to form plaque are several examples of microbial biofilm growth associated with human disease.","cop":4,"opa":"Mechanical barrier","opb":"Increased excretion of antibiotics","opc":"Altered metabolism","opd":"Adherence","subject_name":"Microbiology","topic_name":null,"id":"f2ed694c-991d-40e5-a191-25c076168ea6","choice_type":"multi"}101{"question":"Which of these drugs is an antidote for fibrinolytic therapy?","exp":"Answer- A. Epsilon aminocaproic acidEpsilon aminocaproic acid is an antidote for fibrinolytic therapy. Epsilon-aminocaproic qcid is a synthetic inhibitor of theplasmin-plasminogen system. It is the only potent antifibrinolylic agent, which is commercially available.\"Aminocaproic acid is a lysine analog that competes for lysine binding sites on plasminogen and plasmin, blocking theinteraction of plasmin with fibrin.Fibrinolytic overdose - Epsilon Amino Caproic Acid (EACA)","cop":1,"opa":"Epsilon aminocaproic acid","opb":"Protamine","opc":"Heparin","opd":"Streptokinase","subject_name":"Pharmacology","topic_name":null,"id":"e7f023ea-2147-47d3-9f2a-61fb60a900be","choice_type":"single"}102{"question":"Which facial bone is most prone to fracture?","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"Mandible","opb":"Nasal","opc":"Zygoma","opd":"Frontal","subject_name":"Surgery","topic_name":null,"id":"8c2a3258-e79f-4872-9de3-a0abc701f711","choice_type":"single"}103{"question":"To check objective pain response, which is best used method","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Facial pain scale","opb":"Knee jerk reflex","opc":"H - Reflex","opd":"R III Reflex","subject_name":"Physiology","topic_name":null,"id":"17d49a43-a8cf-43c9-9c9e-70a42e741af1","choice_type":"single"}104{"question":"A one year old child, who is earlier normal, is suffering from copious nasal discharge, coarse facial features, large tongue, bulging head and flattened nose. He is also having enlarged spleen and liver. What may be the cause?","exp":null,"cop":4,"opa":"Hypothyroidism","opb":"Beckwith widman syndrome","opc":"Proteus syndrome","opd":"Hurler syndrome","subject_name":"Pathology","topic_name":null,"id":"b63d8163-5256-417b-8736-bc123eea66b1","choice_type":"single"}105{"question":"The resolution of IOPA is about:","exp":"The resolution of IOPA is 16 lines pair\/millimeter.","cop":2,"opa":"10 Lp\/mm","opb":"16 Lp\/mm","opc":"28 Lp\/mm","opd":"30 Lp\/mm","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"efa0e92a-b11b-4c1c-a97d-8b4409430caa","choice_type":"single"}106{"question":"A patient diagnosed with carcinoma of lung presented with a serum calcium level of 16.4 mmol\/L. What will be the first step in management?","exp":"Ans: A. IV fluids and furosemide(Ref Harrison 19\/e p314; 18\/e p361)Hypercalcemia - Initial therapy:Begins with volume expansion to prevent dehydration.4-6 L of intravenous saline required over 1st 24 hr.Use of loop diuretics:Enhances sodium & calcium excretion.Treats underlying co-morbidities (e.g., congestive hea failure).Used only when volume is stable & normal.","cop":1,"opa":"IV fluids and furosemide","opb":"Immediate hemodialysis","opc":"Bisphosphonates","opd":"Chemotherapy with gemcitabine and carboplatin","subject_name":"Medicine","topic_name":null,"id":"d7a840fd-00b4-4980-a01a-4de04a73d18f","choice_type":"multi"}107{"question":"The following test may be abnormal in disseminated intravascular coagulation except:","exp":"Laboratory findings in case of DIC are:\n\nThe platelet count is low.\nBlood film shows the features of microangiopathic hemolytic anaemia. There is presence of schistocytes and fragmented red cells (helmet shaped) due to damage caused by trapping and passage through the fibrin thrombi.\nProthrombin time, thrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time, are all prolonged.\nPlasma fibrinogen levels are reduced due to consumption in microvascular coagulation.\nFibrin degradation products (FDPs) are raised due to secondary fibrinolysis.\nD-dimer levels are raised in DIC.\n\nClot observation test (Weiner)\u2014It is an useful bed side test. It can be repeated at 2\u20134 hours intervals. 5 ml of venous blood is placed in a 15 ml dry test tube and kept at 37\u00b0C. Usually, blood clot forms within 6-12 minutes. This test provides a rough idea of blood fibrinogen level. If the clotting time is less than 6 minutes, fibrinogen level is more than 150 mg percent. If no clot forms within 30 minutes, the fibrinogen level is probably less than 100 mg percent.","cop":4,"opa":"Prothrombin","opb":"Activated partial thromboplastin time","opc":"D-timer levels","opd":"Clot solubility.","subject_name":"Gynaecology & Obstetrics","topic_name":null,"id":"099ab3bb-253b-41e1-8250-c41d92781148","choice_type":"multi"}108{"question":"In Xerostomia the salivary pH is:","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"Unaffected","opb":"Low","opc":"High","opd":"increased in morning & decreases in day","subject_name":"Pathology","topic_name":null,"id":"ba705377-5543-4350-8483-bf984e4ccf15","choice_type":"single"}109{"question":"Which of the following is not true about stamp cusp?","exp":null,"cop":3,"opa":"Maintain vertical height of face","opb":"Facial incline might contact in MI","opc":"Sharp cusps and prominent ridges are present","opd":"Not recalled","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"18796d06-7762-4185-b0ca-c1b527502073","choice_type":"multi"}110{"question":"Sugar restricted to diet was beneficial in presence of unfavorable hygiene was from which study?","exp":"HOPEWOOD HOUSE STUDY\u00a0\n(Sullivan and Harris- 1958, Harris- 1963 )\u00a0\nThe dental status Of children between 7 to 14\u00a0years of age residing at Hopewood House,\u00a0Bowral New South Wales, was studied\u00a0longitudinally for 10 years. Almost all these\u00a0children had lived from early infancy at\u00a0Hopewood House.\u00a0\nAll lived on a strictly natural diet, that, with the\u00a0exception of on occasional serving of egg\u00a0yolk, was entirely vegetable in nature and\u00a0largely raw. The absence of meat and\u00a0restriction of refined carbohydrate were the\u00a0principal features of the Hopewood\u00a0House diet.\u00a0\nThe meals were supplemented by vitamin\u00a0concentrates and an occasional serving of\u00a0nuts and a sweetening agent such as honey.\u00a0The fluoride content of water and food was\u00a0insignificant and no tea was consumed.\u00a0\nTURKU SUGAR STUDY\u00a0\n(Scheinin and Makinen in 975)\u00a0\nThe study was carried outin Turku, Finland.\u00a0\nAim Of the study\u00a0\nTo\u00a0compare\u00a0the cariogenicity of sucrose, fructose and Xylitol.\u00a0\nBasis of the study\u00a0\nXylitoI is a sweet substance not\u00a0metabolized by plaque micro organisms.\nKey Concept:\nIn Hopewood house study : the children's oral hygiene was poor, calculus is uncommon,\u00a0 but\u00a0 gingivitis\u00a0 was\u00a0 prevalent\u00a0 in 75%\u00a0 of\u00a0 children. This work\u00a0 showed\u00a0 that,\u00a0 in institutionalized\u00a0 children\u00a0 at\u00a0 least,\u00a0 dental caries\u00a0 can\u00a0 be\u00a0 reduced\u00a0 by\u00a0 a\u00a0 spartan\u00a0 diet, without the beneficial effects of fluoride\u00a0 and in the presence of unfavorable oral hygiene.\nRef: Soben Peter , 4th ed page no 96","cop":1,"opa":"Hopewood","opb":"Experimental","opc":"Vipeholm","opd":"Turku","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"29e07bd0-f864-4738-bdbc-491f1205287f","choice_type":"single"}111{"question":"Alginate at 20 degrees, the gel is formed in","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"3-4 mins.","opb":"6-8 mins.","opc":"15-16 mins.","opd":"1-2 min.","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"8798d2af-fc67-4463-9098-f105b3f4b458","choice_type":"single"}112{"question":"Most common tumor of lacrimal gland:","exp":"Ans. d. Hamate fractureMost common tumor of lacrimal gland is Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (37%)> Pleomorphic adenoma (25%). Most commonmalignant epithelial tumor of the lacrimal gland is adenoid cystic carcinoma.Lacrimal Gland TumorMC tumor of lacrimal glandNon-Hodgkin's lymphomadegMC epithelial tumor of lacrimal glandPleomorphic adenomadegMC malignant epithelial tumor of lacrimal glandAdenoid cystic carcinomadeg","cop":4,"opa":"Trans-scaphoid perilunate fracture","opb":"Scaphoid fracture","opc":"Distal radius fracture","opd":"Hamate fracture","subject_name":"Ophthalmology","topic_name":null,"id":"cc0d09f8-564d-4fe5-8b22-4b7d3e4ed586","choice_type":"single"}113{"question":"Percentage of carbon in carbon steel hand instruments is","exp":"MATERIALS USED FOR MANUFACTURING\u00a0CUTTING INSTRUMENTS\u00a0\nCarbon Steel\n\nCarbon steel alloy contains 0.5 to 1.5 percent carbon in\u00a0iron.\nInstruments made from carbon steel are known for their\u00a0hardness and sharpness.\nDisadvantages with these instruments are their susceptibility\u00a0to corrosion and fracture. They are of two types:\n\n1. Soft steel: It contains <0.5% carbon\n2. Hard steel: It contains 0.5 to 1.5% carbon\nNisha Garg, Amit Garg. Textbook of Operative Dentistry.\u00a0 Edition 3. Page: 80","cop":1,"opa":"1-1.2%","opb":"10-12%","opc":"0.6 to 0.8%","opd":"6 to 8%","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"57d48689-dcbd-4e81-9ea9-d56b7f7eed2d","choice_type":"single"}114{"question":"Topical administration of I% Pilocarpine failed to produce pupillary constriction in a patient who had a large, dilated pupil What should be the most probable reason?","exp":"Ans. c. Pharmacological blockade (Ref-YANNOFF 3\/E PG,1052-1055)Pilocarpine I% is a sufficient miotic dose for any eye, but a sphincter with all its cholinergic receptor blockade by atropine or tropicamide (i.e. eye with pharmacological blockade) does not constrict with pilocarpine 1%.","cop":3,"opa":"Adie's tonic pupil","opb":"Diabetic III nerve palsy","opc":"Pharmacological blockade","opd":"Uncal herniation","subject_name":"Ophthalmology","topic_name":null,"id":"aadafd4c-cb37-460b-8e6f-28f42d01dd60","choice_type":"single"}115{"question":"Pregnancy gingivitis is caused by:","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Bacteriodes melaninogenicus","opb":"Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans","opc":"Streptococcus sanguis","opd":"Fusobacterium","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"4a3f261b-cfd0-40f2-bac2-1337f2937591","choice_type":"single"}116{"question":"Artery palpable at the anterior border of the masseter is :","exp":"Facial artery enters the face by winding around the base of the mandible, and by piercing the deep cervical fascia, at the anteroinferior angle of the masseter muscle. It can be palpated here and is called \u2018anaesthetist\u2019s artery\u2019.","cop":2,"opa":"Superficial temporal artery","opb":"Facial artery","opc":"Lingual artery","opd":"Maxillary artery","subject_name":"Anatomy","topic_name":null,"id":"0d96ee7c-7133-4d5a-becf-f9ad47582e54","choice_type":"single"}117{"question":"In DIC following are seen except","exp":null,"cop":3,"opa":"Fibrinogen decreased","opb":"Thrombocytopenia","opc":"Normal APTT","opd":"PT elevation","subject_name":"Medicine","topic_name":null,"id":"c87fcef2-1b7d-44e2-85c0-618b956f675e","choice_type":"multi"}118{"question":"Absorption of which of the following drugs is increased after a fatty meal?","exp":"Ans: B. Griseofulvin (Ref: Goodman Gilman I2\/e p1585; Katzung 13\/e p632, 12\/e p855,. KUT 7\/e p790, 6\/e p760)The oral administration of a 0.5 g dose of griseofulvin produces peak plasma concentrations of 1ug\/mL in 4 hours.Improved drug absorption along with a fatty meal.Drug Absorption Reduced\/Delayed by FoodDrug Absorption increased by foodAmpicillindegAspirindegAtenololdegAzithromycindegCaptoprildegCefaclorCephalexinCiprofloxacinDidanosineIndinavirdegIsoniazidaLoratidineNaficillinPenicillin G or VdegPhenobarbitaldegPhenytoindegRifampindegSucralfatedegTetracyclinedegDoxycyclinedegAtovaquonedegCarbamazepinedegChlohiazidedegCefuroximedegClofaziminedegDiazepamdegErythromycin GanciclovirdegHydrochlorothiazidedegItraconazoleaLithiumdegLovastatinMethylphenidateMetoprololdegNelfinavirNitrofurantoinPropranololdegPropoxypheneRitonavirdegSaquinavirdegSpironolactonedeg*Hydralazinedeg","cop":2,"opa":"Amphotericin B","opb":"Griseofulvin","opc":"Ampicillin","opd":"Aspirin","subject_name":"Pharmacology","topic_name":null,"id":"e881fcb0-a4f2-45ed-97cf-c53045f98e30","choice_type":"single"}119{"question":"What is the basis of behavior shaping:","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Stimulus response theory","opb":"Social learning principle.","opc":"Hierarchy of needs","opd":"None of the above.","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"8254c1c7-9f97-4dae-96f6-d44661ff36cf","choice_type":"multi"}120{"question":"Shortest root of maxillary 1st molar","exp":"Distobuccal < Mesiobuccal <Palatal","cop":1,"opa":"Distobuccal","opb":"Mesiobuccal","opc":"Palatal","opd":"All are equal","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"5988b3d1-c438-4d16-a887-979dac8bbd10","choice_type":"multi"}121{"question":"Malaria relapse common with which type plasmodium species?","exp":"Relapse :- The resting forms are called hypnozoites. It is feature seen in P.vivax and P.ovale. From time to time, some are activated to become schizonts and release merozoites, which go on infecting RBCs producing clinical relapse. Recrudescence:- In Plasmodium falciparum and P. malariae, initial tissue phase disappears completely, and no hypnozoites are found. However ,small numbers of erythrocytic parasites persist in the blood stream and in due course of time, they multiply to reach significant numbers resulting in clinical disease.","cop":3,"opa":"Plasmodium malariae and vivax","opb":"Plasmodium falciparum and vivax","opc":"Plasmodium vivax and ovale","opd":"Plasmodium ovale and malariae","subject_name":"Microbiology","topic_name":"AIIMS 2017","id":"818e92da-69f5-41d8-a15a-f22c851140fb","choice_type":"single"}122{"question":"Which of the following constituents is common in occlusal sealants, bonding agents, composite resins?","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"BIS GMA","opb":"Polymethyl methacrylate","opc":"Benzoin methyl ether","opd":"Silica filter","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"b12749bc-ed37-4f12-9d45-029e1a0916b0","choice_type":"single"}123{"question":"Which primary tooth resemble premolar","exp":"upper 1st molar resembles upper 1st premolar","cop":1,"opa":"Upper 1st molar","opb":"Lower 1st molar","opc":"Upper 2nd molar","opd":"Lower 2nd molar","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"dd210467-68c5-4566-9cad-34e5ffa22bc9","choice_type":"single"}124{"question":"According to Transplantation of Human Organs Act, which of the following doctors is\/are not authorized to declare brainstem death?","exp":"Ans: D. Surgeon doing liver transplant(Ref: Transplantation of Human Organs and Tissue Rules)In the case of brain-stem death of the donor, a ceificate has been signed by all the members of the Board of medical expes; Where a neurologist or a neurosurgeon is not available, an anesthetist or intensivist nominated by the Registered Medical Practitioner and who is not member of the transplantation team for the recipient concerned, may ceify the brain stein death as a member of the Board.Because of vested interest, surgeon doing liver transplant cannot declare a person brain dead.","cop":4,"opa":"RMP incharge of the hospital","opb":"Treating physician","opc":"Neurosurgeon","opd":"Surgeon doing liver transplant","subject_name":"Forensic Medicine","topic_name":null,"id":"0c240f5f-b2d4-4229-8a70-5c2bd42f2144","choice_type":"single"}125{"question":"Which of the following types of lipase is controlled by glucagon?","exp":"Ans: B. Hormone-sensitive lipase Ref: Harper 30\/e p262)Hormone sensitive lipase is controlled by glucagon.\"Hormone-sensitive lipase is activated by ACTH, TSH, glucagon, epinephrine, norepinephrine, and vasopressin and inhibited by insulin, prostaglandin E1, and nicotinic acid.","cop":2,"opa":"Lipoprotein lipase","opb":"Hormone-sensitive lipase","opc":"Gastric lipase","opd":"Pancreatic lipase","subject_name":"Biochemistry","topic_name":null,"id":"6167ceda-f896-4511-a570-ae19f725e1e7","choice_type":"single"}126{"question":"In dentistry which sedatives are generally used:","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Benzodiazepines","opb":"Morphine","opc":"NSAID","opd":"Pethidine","subject_name":"Surgery","topic_name":null,"id":"fa39f24e-b6bf-43e6-8c00-8b1b5caf8c90","choice_type":"multi"}127{"question":"In case of Fracture of mandible; alveolar border experiences which force","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Tension","opb":"Compression","opc":"Torsion","opd":"Rotation","subject_name":"Surgery","topic_name":null,"id":"dd09ae12-8526-4766-bb41-af82b17c706f","choice_type":"single"}128{"question":"The hormone having the maximum effect on granulation wound healing is:","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"Thyroxine","opb":"Cortisone","opc":"Parathormone","opd":"Epinephrine","subject_name":"Physiology","topic_name":null,"id":"27c3f1c6-a7e4-44fc-9e48-085254585c08","choice_type":"single"}129{"question":"The clot formed is not stable unless extensive cross-linking occurs. This extensive cross-linking of blood clot is done by:","exp":"Ans: D. Factor XIIIConversion of fibrinogen into cross-linked fibrin:Thrombin directly conves soluble fibrinogen into fibrin monomers.Fibrin monomers polymerize into an insoluble clot & also amplifies coagulation process - By activating factor XI, factors V & VIII.Also stabilizes secondary hemostatic plug - By activating factor XIII.Factor XIII - Covalently cross-links fibrin.Ref: Robbing 9\/e 11 9","cop":4,"opa":"Plasmin","opb":"Thrombin","opc":"HMWK","opd":"Factor XIII","subject_name":"Physiology","topic_name":null,"id":"539291d5-becc-4ccc-8862-9d9ff4fcc121","choice_type":"single"}130{"question":"Pre-carve burnishing is useful for all except:","exp":"Objectives of Precarve Burnishing\n\nImproves the marginal integrity of restoration.\nShapes the restoration according to contours and curvatures of the tooth.\nHelps in reducing the mercuric content of amalgam.\n\nNisha Garg, Amit Garg. Textbook of Operative Dentistry.\u00a0 Edition 3. Page: 341","cop":2,"opa":"Bring further excess mercury to surface","opb":"Increase surface hardness","opc":"Decrease number and size of voids","opd":"Marginal adaptation","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"631db9fb-f930-40f3-a867-273597e5c7f9","choice_type":"multi"}131{"question":"A neonate is being investigated for jaundice. A liver biopsy shows features of a \"Giant Cell\/Neonatal hepatitis\". Which one of the following conditions usually results in this case \u2013","exp":"Other conditions which also presents with similar clinical and histological features (i.e., with giant cells)\na)\u00a0\u00a0 ai antitrypsin deficiency \nb) Alagille syndrome\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \nc) Niemann - Pick type C disease (NPC).\nd)\u00a0\u00a0 Viral infections\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \ne) Byler disease\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \nf) Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC).","cop":3,"opa":"Congenital hepatic fibrosis","opb":"Hemochromatosis","opc":"Alpha\u20131\u2013antitrypsin deficiency","opd":"Glycogen storage disease Type 1","subject_name":"Pediatrics","topic_name":null,"id":"4932022f-bc9d-4d90-a610-f6c87cd0008d","choice_type":"multi"}132{"question":"Ammonia from brain is removed as:","exp":"Ans: D. Glutamine(Ref. Harper 30\/e p292).Ammonia from brain is removed as glutamine.Ammonia disposal:Ammonia from all over body reaches liver, detoxified to urea by liver cells & excreted through kidney.Ammonia formed in most tissues including brain is trapped by glutamate to form glutamine (primary ammonia trapping).","cop":4,"opa":"Urea","opb":"Alanine","opc":"Glutamate","opd":"Glutamine","subject_name":"Biochemistry","topic_name":null,"id":"3ea8bac5-2e0f-4f6f-8f5e-c9c1ef405a76","choice_type":"single"}133{"question":"Use of lithium during pregnancy increases the risk of development of which of the following malformations in the baby?","exp":"Lithium causes Ebstein's anomaly (malformation in tricuspid valve of hea) if given in pregnancy. Other side effects of lithium includes: Leucocytosis I Tremors (most common adverse effect) Hypothyroidism Increase Urine (polyuria) Mothers (avoided in pregnancy).","cop":2,"opa":"Facial defects","opb":"Cardiac defects","opc":"Neural tube defects","opd":"Urogenital defects","subject_name":"Pharmacology","topic_name":"AIIMS 2018","id":"da27e783-4c0b-4621-bc3d-938a109d8425","choice_type":"single"}134{"question":"Most common presentation of abdominal desmoids tumor is?","exp":"Desmoid tumors: \"Clinically, the most common areas of origin include the extremity, intraperitoneal, abdominal wall, and chest wall. Affected patients may present with a painful versus asymptomatic firm mass, bowel obstruction, or bowel ischemia.\" -Sabiston 20\/e p765 \"Patients with a desmoid tumor present with an asymptomatic mass or with symptoms related to mass effect from the tumor.\" -Sabiston 20\/e p1073","cop":2,"opa":"Abdominal pain","opb":"Abdominal mass","opc":"Fever","opd":"Urinary retention","subject_name":"Surgery","topic_name":"AIIMS 2017","id":"ed111e74-8d76-4f2f-ac59-56e7ddc2be88","choice_type":"single"}135{"question":"Noise induced hearing toss inosto affects:","exp":"Ans. b. Outer hair cell Noise induced hearing loss mostly affects outer hair cell.\"Noise induced hearing loss (NIHL) causes damage to hair cells, staing in the basal turn of cochlea. Outer hair cells are affected before the inner hair cells.\"\"Noise-induced hearing loss damages hair cells, which begin at the basal turn of cochlea. Outer hair cells are affected earlier than the inner hair cells.\"","cop":2,"opa":"Inner hair cell","opb":"Outer hair cell","opc":"Macula","opd":"Cupula","subject_name":"ENT","topic_name":null,"id":"671eebea-f741-4ed8-bf68-36e36c8de1eb","choice_type":"single"}136{"question":"Replacing amino acid will not change its functions","exp":"Answer- A. Glutamine to Asparagine* Glutamine and Asparagine are Amide group containing amino acids.* These belongs to same category (hydrophilic \/Homophilic) so no alteration in function","cop":1,"opa":"Glutamine to Asparagine","opb":"Aspaate and Glutamate","opc":"Alanine to tryptophan","opd":"None of these","subject_name":"Biochemistry","topic_name":null,"id":"7e567a6e-46f6-4f48-bd14-21e53726f1ff","choice_type":"multi"}137{"question":"A 75 year old chronic smoker who is diabetic and edentulous for the last 30 years has a bilateral body fracture, best treatment modality is","exp":"Non surgical management is the best approach in patients who are at increased risk of non\/delayed healing. Medical history of the patient indicates risk factors which can interfere with recovery so Gunning splint is the best approach.","cop":2,"opa":"ORIF with reconstruction plate","opb":"Gunning splints","opc":"Two mini plates","opd":"Wire osteosynthesis","subject_name":"Surgery","topic_name":null,"id":"f213cf1e-b5d6-4a25-8027-f1e39514ff20","choice_type":"single"}138{"question":"Which of the following is used as, surface hardener in Impression material?","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"2% potassium sulfate","opb":"0.2% potassium sulfate","opc":"2% sodium sulfate","opd":"4% potassium sulfate","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"59f75254-2953-45a6-9c9a-61dd9a4dc537","choice_type":"single"}139{"question":"A 59-year-old female presents with gingival condition punched out crater-like depression covered with membrane which can be pulled off painlessly?","exp":null,"cop":3,"opa":"Diphtheritic lesion","opb":"Acute herpetic gingivostomatitis","opc":"ANUG","opd":"Syphilitic lesion","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"8dd6630c-194f-4a21-a6a3-1a41f97dcd66","choice_type":"single"}140{"question":"Visual cortex is present in the:","exp":"The lateral geniculate body receives retinal fibres of both the eyes (from temporal half of the retina of the same side and nasal half of the retina of the opposite side) through optic tract and gives rise to fibres of the optic radiation which convey visual impulses to the visual cortex of the occipital lobe.\nPrimary visual area is situated mainly on the medial surface of the occipital lobe in the walls and floor of the posterior part of the calcarine sulcus (postcalcarine\u00a0 sulcus) and extends around the occipital pole onto the lateral surface of the occipital lobe as far as the lunate sulcus.\nReference: TEXTBOOK OF ANATOMY HEAD, NECK AND Brain, Volume III, second edition page no\u00a0 384, 393","cop":1,"opa":"Occipital lobe","opb":"Temporal lobe","opc":"Frontal lobe","opd":"Parietal lobe","subject_name":"Anatomy","topic_name":null,"id":"58d24187-ca26-4e5b-a3d9-c57ce0ff543b","choice_type":"single"}141{"question":"Bartholins duct is the name of :","exp":null,"cop":3,"opa":"Parotid duct","opb":"Submandibular gland","opc":"Sublingual duct","opd":"Lacrimal duct","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"723bd8c7-6da8-4897-8a1b-dd87891f24a7","choice_type":"single"}142{"question":"Which of the following exists as yeast at 37deg and hyphae at 25deg?","exp":"Dimorphic fungi: They exist as molds (hyphal form) in the environment at ambient temperature (25deg C) and as yeasts in human tissues at body temperature (37deg C). Some medically impoant dimorphic fungi are: Histoplasma capsulatum Blastomyces dermatitidis Coccidioides immitis Paracoccidioides brasiliensis Penicillium marneffei Sporothrix schenckii","cop":1,"opa":"Histoplasma capsulatum","opb":"Sporothrix globosa","opc":"Candida albicans","opd":"Cryptococcus neoformans","subject_name":"Microbiology","topic_name":"AIIMS 2019","id":"35fb00cb-9acc-4177-8873-c3915a142c99","choice_type":"single"}143{"question":"Pulsatile varicose veins in lower limbs is seen in \u2013","exp":"Klippel - Trenaunay syndrome (KT syndrome)\u00a0\n\nThe triad of KT syndrome is:-\n\n\nCutaneous vascular malformation \u2014> Most commonly capillary malformation.\nBony capillary malformation and soft tissue hypertrophy.\nVenous abnormalities \u2014> Deep venous system may be absent or hypoplastic.\n\n\nThe anomaly present at birth and usually involves lower limb.\nWhen there is associated Arterio - venous malformation, it is known as Klippel - Trenaunay - Weber syndrome.\nThick walled venous varicocities typically become apparent ipsilateral to the vascular malformation \u2014> May be pulsatile because ofAV malformation.","cop":1,"opa":"Klippel trenaunay syndrome","opb":"TR","opc":"RV failure","opd":"Carcinoid stenosis of tricuspid","subject_name":"Pediatrics","topic_name":null,"id":"14e05154-05a2-4472-a63e-261d765893ae","choice_type":"single"}144{"question":"The number of dental caries cases reported during last 10 years are given below 250, 320, 190, 300, 5000, 100, 260, 350, 320 and 160. The epidemiologist wants to find out average number of caries cases reported in that town for last 10 yrs. The most appropriate average per this data will be","exp":null,"cop":3,"opa":"Arithmetic mean","opb":"Mode","opc":"Median","opd":"Geometric mean","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"70097b1a-1f7a-4c04-ba9e-2f1489f0fb11","choice_type":"single"}145{"question":"The most common bone cancer is:","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"Osteosarcoma","opb":"Metastatic bone cancer","opc":"Multiple myelonia","opd":"Squamous cell carcinoma","subject_name":"Pathology","topic_name":null,"id":"a5d204a1-2ae9-428a-bf12-1419fa344668","choice_type":"single"}146{"question":"Which is the ligand for receptors present in liver for uptake of LDL?","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Apo B-100","opb":"Apo B-48","opc":"Apo E and Apo B-100","opd":"Apo A-I","subject_name":"Biochemistry","topic_name":null,"id":"b5a8425a-1ddf-41e1-9ffa-c2088ce2897e","choice_type":"single"}147{"question":"Amyloid protein in Hemodialysis associated with amyloidosis is-","exp":"Answer-C. b- 2 microglobulinHemodialysis-associated amyloidosis-Associated disease is Chronic renal failureMajor fibril protein is A","cop":3,"opa":"AA","opb":"A b","opc":"b- 2 microglobulin","opd":"Transthyretin","subject_name":"Pathology","topic_name":null,"id":"b9546516-2a4a-4179-a956-60d0387bf11f","choice_type":"single"}148{"question":"Teeth that erupt in 30 days of birth","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Neonatal teeth","opb":"Natal teeth","opc":"Premature teeth","opd":"None","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"76ba3417-012e-4bf8-840c-13bb7bc60dcc","choice_type":"multi"}149{"question":"Arrange the following in the sequence of closure :","exp":"Ans. D. All","cop":4,"opa":"Umbilical Aery","opb":"Umbilical Vein","opc":"Ductus venosus and Foramen ovale","opd":"All","subject_name":"Pediatrics","topic_name":null,"id":"f6829756-2e11-47cb-85a8-3ba40ecb3332","choice_type":"multi"}150{"question":"Drug adveisement letter is a necessary component of each drug formulation and contains various information about the drug like drug dosing, frequency and half-life. Which of the following information need not be given in the drug adveisement letter?","exp":"Ans: B. Date of expiry of the drug(Ref Goodman Gilman 12\/e p1883; Manual of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology\/p 345).Date of drug expiry need not to be given in drug adveisement letter.Regulated according to The Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act.Amended (Food and Drug Administration Modernization Act of 1997).Permits use of print & television adveising for prescription drugs.Drug adveisements:Contain summary information relating to side effects, contraindications & effectiveness.Current adveising regulations:Specify that this information disclosure needs to include all risk information in a product's approved labeling or must direct consumers to healthcare professionals to obtain this information.Print adveisements:Include reprinting of risk-related sections of product's approved labeling (package inse).Television adveising:Not includes reprinting of risk-related.Note:Adveisements cannot be false or misleading or omit material facts.Must present fair balance between effectiveness & risk information.","cop":2,"opa":"Research papers and other aicles proving efficacy of the drug","opb":"Date of expiry of the drug","opc":"Rare, but serious life threatening adverse-effects","opd":"Common, not so serious adverse-effects","subject_name":"Pharmacology","topic_name":null,"id":"2dd59aba-38c0-4aff-a000-1bcb640254ff","choice_type":"single"}151{"question":"In a patient with fresh blow out fracture of the orbit, best immediate management is","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Wait & watch","opb":"Antral pack","opc":"Titanium Mesh","opd":"Glass bead mesh","subject_name":"Surgery","topic_name":null,"id":"9603526f-8c7d-4618-963d-be8a05c28a94","choice_type":"single"}152{"question":"Which of the following drugs can be stopped abruptly without any withdrawal symptoms?","exp":"Answer- B. FluoxetineFluoxetine has the lowest incidence of discontinuation syndrome among several antidepressants including paroxetin and venlafaxine. The longer half life of fluoxetine will avoid any withdrawal symptoms because this medication effectively tapers itself from the patient's system over a few days.","cop":2,"opa":"Esctilaopram","opb":"Fluoxetine","opc":"Fluvoxamine","opd":"Seraline","subject_name":"Pharmacology","topic_name":null,"id":"58ffad4a-5613-4d26-88b2-a4bb2ce2b9e6","choice_type":"single"}153{"question":"Keyhole-shaped visual field defect is seen in lesion involving which of the following regions?","exp":"Ans: C. Lateral geniculate body(Ref Walsh and Hoyt; Clinical Neuro-Ophthalmology 6\/e p122)Key-hole shaped visual field defects are typically seen in the lesions involving lateral geniculate body but keyhole shaped defect (not visual field defect) is seen in the coloboma of Iris.","cop":3,"opa":"Optic disk","opb":"Optic chiasma","opc":"Lateral geniculate body","opd":"Occipital lobe","subject_name":"Ophthalmology","topic_name":null,"id":"845fbff7-6332-49ce-8ecb-d62616e2ae9a","choice_type":"single"}154{"question":"The soft tissue tooth interface that forms after flap surgery in a previously denuded area is","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Long junctional epithelium","opb":"Collagen adhesion","opc":"Scar tissue attachment","opd":"Connective tissue attachment","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"f4e1dbce-eb9d-441c-9e1a-6f81ae207faf","choice_type":"single"}155{"question":"The test done for a statistically significant change in cholesterol values in a group of patients following an interventional programme is:","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"Chi square test","opb":"Paired \"t\" test","opc":"Unpaired \"t\" test","opd":"Fisher test","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"ec25740a-5cbb-4b80-9d07-332c2734f5a7","choice_type":"multi"}156{"question":"Mw vaccine is prepared from:","exp":"Mw vaccine is a killed leprosy vaccine developed in India in 2018 using Mycobacterium indicus pranii.","cop":2,"opa":"Mycobacterium bovis","opb":"Mycobacterium indicus pranii","opc":"Mycobacterium welchii","opd":"Mycobacterium tuberculosis","subject_name":"Microbiology","topic_name":"AIIMS 2019","id":"87311a9e-97ac-43de-8964-55eb7ced00a9","choice_type":"single"}157{"question":"Guiding planes are:","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Located adjacent to the edentulous area","opb":"Located far anterior to the edentulous area","opc":"Helps in the stability of the denture","opd":"Provides a different path of insertion and removal","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"d282f15c-2838-42fd-8841-a94bd92981d9","choice_type":"single"}158{"question":"Reflex which never disappear:","exp":null,"cop":4,"opa":"Walking and stepping reflex","opb":"Limb placement reflex","opc":"Parachute reflex","opd":"All of the above","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"9823097b-b309-4de3-9a14-d93ff757fd5f","choice_type":"multi"}159{"question":"Vitamin D toxicity is treated with","exp":"Ans. C. Dexamethasone* Dexamethasone is used in the treatment of hypercalcemia due to vitamin D toxicity. Glucocoicoid (Dexamethasone, prednisolone etc) therapy will decrease plasma calcium levels by blocking the action of vitamin D(1,25 D) which results in reduced intestinal calcium absorption and increased urinary excretion of calcium. * Other drugs like chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine are less effective in treating hypercalcemia due to vitamin D toxicity.","cop":3,"opa":"Chloroquine","opb":"Hydroxycholoquine","opc":"Dexamethasone","opd":"Ketoconazole","subject_name":"Pharmacology","topic_name":null,"id":"3e4d2174-1e88-4652-9aed-78e71215ffe8","choice_type":"single"}160{"question":"Which of the following is not the component of qSOFA?","exp":"qSOFA: Quick - SOFA Sequential 0rgan Failure Assessment Score. QRS - MS Score*Mn: Q- Quick SofaR- RR > 22\/min - 1S- SBP < 100 mmHg -1MS= Altered Mental Status. - 1 Score Moality0 - < 1%1 - 2-3%2 - > 10%","cop":4,"opa":"Respiratory rate >22\/min","opb":"Systolic BP<100 mmHg","opc":"Altered mental status","opd":"Unequally dilated pupils","subject_name":"Surgery","topic_name":"AIIMS 2019","id":"e28c04ac-2003-4fa1-8b5c-7f36776cfa8a","choice_type":"multi"}161{"question":"How much hone can be stretched at a time before it fractures:","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"1%","opb":"2%","opc":"6%","opd":"8%","subject_name":"Surgery","topic_name":null,"id":"45f40e28-6c0a-4685-a936-8b993f3d8220","choice_type":"single"}162{"question":"Tonsils developed from:","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"Ventral part of 3rd pouch.","opb":"Ventral part of 2nd pouch.","opc":"Dorsal part of 2nd pouch.","opd":"Ventral part of 3rd pouch.","subject_name":"Anatomy","topic_name":null,"id":"8ba2ca7c-9ae4-4771-9e9c-0e44250ca6b5","choice_type":"single"}163{"question":"Gutta Percha can effectively be sterilized by?","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"Hot salt sterilizer","opb":"Chemical solutions","opc":"Autoclaving","opd":"Dry heat","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"8105a0cd-88aa-4c17-9535-7a864b445264","choice_type":"single"}164{"question":"Which of these conditions  does not require SABE prophylaxis","exp":null,"cop":4,"opa":"MR","opb":"ASD","opc":"MS","opd":"CABG","subject_name":"Surgery","topic_name":null,"id":"2639d0ba-ef15-4ba4-92fe-ee27b5758fbf","choice_type":"single"}165{"question":"Motor supply of infrahyoid muscle is:","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Branches of cervical plexus","opb":"Vagus nerve","opc":"Glossopharyngeal nerve","opd":"Mandibular nerve","subject_name":"Anatomy","topic_name":null,"id":"d3349274-203b-4673-989c-ec86e66bcbab","choice_type":"single"}166{"question":"This direction of force can cause:","exp":"A labially directed force against a maxillary incisor (from a removable or fixed appliance) will tip the tooth and cause an apparent intrusion of the crown, which reduces the overbite (or makes anterior open bite worse).","cop":3,"opa":"Reduce overbite","opb":"Worsen open bite","opc":"Both","opd":"None","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"58d38c9d-0440-4077-a581-e86b63ec4ecd","choice_type":"multi"}167{"question":"Cystinuria is characterised by \u2013","exp":"Cystinuria\n\nIt is an autosomal recessive disorder.\nThe disease is caused by a defective high affinity transporter for L-cystine and diabasic amioacids present in the proximal tubules.\nIt is characterize by recurrent kidney stone formation.","cop":4,"opa":"Generalised aminoaciduria","opb":"Systemic acidosis","opc":"Deposition of cystine crystals in Renal tubular cells","opd":"Recurrent urinary caliculi","subject_name":"Pediatrics","topic_name":null,"id":"82f0f5d7-996b-49cc-8c8c-b9ff7cb35ecc","choice_type":"single"}168{"question":"Patient with PPF transfusion complaint of breathing difficulty, tachycardic, tachypnia, Had Batwing sign present in X-ray. What will be the possible reason?","exp":"Answer- B. Due to overload of PPFTransfusion associated circulatory overload (TACO) is an established, but grossly under diagnosed and underrepoed complication of blood transfusion.","cop":2,"opa":"Transfusion related lung injury","opb":"Due to overload of PPF","opc":"Acute renal tubular acidosis","opd":"Hemoglobinuria","subject_name":"Medicine","topic_name":null,"id":"19567e6c-e0f7-4201-816d-23b58786f586","choice_type":"single"}169{"question":"Which of these is not a theory of TMJ ankylosis?","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"Calcification in the soft tissues around the joint space","opb":"Synovial fluid attracting calcium ions","opc":"Lateral displacement of fracture condyle with fusion  with zygomatic bone","opd":"Condylar burst","subject_name":"Surgery","topic_name":null,"id":"97028381-fe2a-4c81-9f67-b3125061d7ae","choice_type":"single"}170{"question":"Fingerprinting (FINDER) involves recording prints of 8 fingers. Which finger pair is excluded?","exp":"Ans: C. Little finger(Ref: Reddy 34Ie p84, 33Ie p87; Parikh 6Ie p2.15).Fingerprint reader (FINDER):Computerized automatic fingerprint reading system which can record each fingerprint data in half second. Prints of eight fingers are recorded excluding little fingers.The light reflected from a fingerprint can be measured and conveed to digital data which is classified, codified and stored in the computer.","cop":3,"opa":"Ring finger","opb":"Thumb","opc":"Little finger","opd":"Middle finger","subject_name":"Forensic Medicine","topic_name":null,"id":"006fea5f-8d1c-489b-9ea6-1028a64484ab","choice_type":"single"}171{"question":"Impression compound is characterized by all the following except:","exp":"Impression compound is not a thermoset material.","cop":2,"opa":"Warps at room temperature","opb":"Is a thermoset material","opc":"Shows increased flow when kneaded with water","opd":"Low coefficient of thermal conductivity","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"e8f48ed7-e417-422a-acde-9f7cb2c25416","choice_type":"multi"}172{"question":"In Galactorrhoea--amenorrhea syndromes, which is the investigation you should advise (apa from serum prolactin)?","exp":"Ans: A. TSH(Ref Harrison I9\/e p2 p2267)Galactorrhea - amenorrhea syndromes:Serum prolactin &TSH advised.Laboratory diagnosis:Measure basal, fasting morning PRL levels - To assess hypersecretion.Normal PRL levels <20 ,ug\/L.Markedly elevated PRL levels (>1000 ,ug\/L) -Falsely lowered.Due to assay aifacts & aggregated circulating PRL forms.Sample dilution required for accurate measurement.Usually biologically inactive (macroprolactinemia).Measuring TSH and T4 levels - To exclude hypothyroidism.","cop":1,"opa":"TSH","opb":"LH","opc":"hCG","opd":"Urinary ketosteroids","subject_name":"Gynaecology & Obstetrics","topic_name":null,"id":"3592f545-8b31-4f41-9ccc-89eb67bc818a","choice_type":"single"}173{"question":"What is common in class I cavity preparation for amalgam and gold inlay?","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"Buccolingually divergent walls","opb":"Mesiodistally divergent walls","opc":"Maximum depth is needed in both cases to provide sufficient thickness","opd":"All of the above","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"db9a6989-4a10-421f-9808-ca852c6f64e6","choice_type":"multi"}174{"question":"Periodontal surgery is best performed","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"4 weeks after completion of the hygienic phase","opb":"8 weeks after the completion of the restorative phase","opc":"4 weeks before completion of occlusal adjustments","opd":"Immediately after the completion of the hygienic phase","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"153cdf4a-8f6c-4478-8af5-2ef9d7a111b2","choice_type":"single"}175{"question":"Endocrine glands that are not influenced by the pituitary gland include the:","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"Thyroid gland, testes, and adrenal medulla","opb":"Adrenal medulla, parathyroids, and the islets of langerhans","opc":"Adrenal cortex, parathyroids and ovaries","opd":"Pancreas, adrenal medulla and thyroid gland","subject_name":"Physiology","topic_name":null,"id":"6920ce2b-f9c9-49aa-9e6e-c94aeb13e709","choice_type":"single"}176{"question":"Rooting reflex also known as search reflex disappears:","exp":"Rooting reflex disappears in 3-4 months but if both are in option then go for 4 months.","cop":3,"opa":"2 month","opb":"3 month","opc":"4 month","opd":"5 month","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"8c968c9b-35b1-4394-959a-fe3c80e283e5","choice_type":"single"}177{"question":"Migratory motor complexes in the gut reappear after intervals of:","exp":"Ans: B. 90 minutes(Ref Ganong 25\/e p496, 24\/e p498)Migrating motor complexes in the gut reappear after intervals of 90 minutes.MMCs:Initiated by motilin.Circulating motilin increases at intervals of 100 min in interdigestive state.Coordinated with contractile phases of MMC.Contractions migrate aborally at a rate of about 5 cm\/ min.","cop":2,"opa":"60 minutes","opb":"90 minutes","opc":"120 minutes","opd":"150 minutes","subject_name":"Physiology","topic_name":null,"id":"be168ef1-fee0-4f80-9c60-6259e78b56b9","choice_type":"single"}178{"question":"IV ultrashort acting barbiturate:","exp":null,"cop":3,"opa":"Meprobamate","opb":"Pentobarbitone","opc":"Thiopentone","opd":"Phenobarbitone","subject_name":"Pharmacology","topic_name":null,"id":"8b3e9e1d-8571-49ef-a5ef-806c18ad079e","choice_type":"single"}179{"question":"The component that sensitizes bacteria and virus to UV irradiation","exp":null,"cop":4,"opa":"Lipids","opb":"Carbohydrates","opc":"Inorganic salts","opd":"Nucleic acids","subject_name":"Microbiology","topic_name":null,"id":"9c1caee2-628f-4a80-b55e-8480760cb634","choice_type":"single"}180{"question":"All these are Included In active tissue engineering, except","exp":null,"cop":4,"opa":"Antigens fibroblasts","opb":"Bilayered cell therapy","opc":"Enamel matrix derivative","opd":"Acellular dermal matrix","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"58194611-8ffd-4405-83b2-f8e5798b095d","choice_type":"multi"}181{"question":"For which of the following is PPV-23 is most beneficial:","exp":"Repeated microinfarction can destroy tissues having micro vascular beds prone to sickling. Thus splenic function is frequently lost within 18-36 months of life causing susceptibility to infection paicularly by pneumococci. So ( PPV-23) polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccine is beneficial in sickle cell anemia.","cop":2,"opa":"Cystic fibrosis patient","opb":"Sickle cell anemia patient","opc":"Patient with recurrent rhinitis and sinusitis","opd":"Child less than 2 years","subject_name":"Microbiology","topic_name":"AIIMS 2019","id":"1bb2cc45-79b6-45f8-add8-e6832e5090f0","choice_type":"single"}182{"question":"Characteristic histopathological feature of basal cell car cinoma is","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Nuclear palisading","opb":"Keratin pearls","opc":"Psammoma bodies","opd":"Foam cells","subject_name":"Pathology","topic_name":null,"id":"5a49f825-bf30-48d5-a10d-5bf1a3f5dd1c","choice_type":"single"}183{"question":"Most common mediastinal tumor:","exp":"M\/C Mediastinal tumor - Neurogenic tumor M\/C anterior mediastinal tumor - Thymoma Mediastinal Tumors in Adults Tumor Type Percentage of Total Location Neurogenic tumors 21 Posterior Cysts 20 All Thymomas 19 Anterior Tumor Type Percentage of Total Location Lymphomas 13 Anterior\/middle Germ cell tumors 11 Anterior Mesenchymal tumors 7 All Endocrine tumors 6 Anterior\/middle Mediastinal Tumors in Children Tumor Type Percentage of Total Location Neurogenic tumors 400 Posterior Lymphomas 180 Anterior\/middle Cysts 18 All Germ cell tumors 11 Anterior Mesenchymal tumors 9 All Thymomas Rare Anterior MEDIASTINAL MASSES (MM) MC anterior MM: Thymoma Q MC middle MM: Cyst (Pericardial cyst is MC) MC posterior MM: Neurogenic tumors MC MM (overall): Neurogenic tumors MM seen in all three compaments of mediastinum: Lymphoma, bronchogenic cyst & mesenchymal tumors IOC for diagnosis of MM (except neurogenic tumors): CT IOC for diagnosis of neurogenic tumors: MRI","cop":1,"opa":"Neurogenic tumor","opb":"Thymoma","opc":"Lymphoma","opd":"Bronchogenic cyst","subject_name":"Surgery","topic_name":"AIIMS 2019","id":"2674faba-e6d7-4790-b13e-97c597408919","choice_type":"single"}184{"question":"All are the branches of ECA that supply nasal septum except:","exp":"Internal Carotid System 1. Anterior ethmoidal aery 2. Posterior ethmoidal aery Branches of ophthalmic aery External Carotid System Sphenopalatine Aery Branches of Internal maxillary Aery Greater palatine Aery Superior labial Aery Branch of Facial Aery","cop":1,"opa":"Anterior ethmoidal aery","opb":"Sphenopalatine aery","opc":"Facial aery","opd":"Superior labial aery","subject_name":"ENT","topic_name":"AIIMS 2019","id":"da2078b0-6ce5-4ba3-82f2-7b145665be2b","choice_type":"multi"}185{"question":"All of these are continuous variables except:","exp":"Ans: C. Blood groups A. B. ABORef High Yield Statistics\/p13).Blood groups (A, B, ABO) is a discrete variable.","cop":3,"opa":"Height in cms","opb":"Weight in kg","opc":"Blood groups A. B. ABO","opd":"Age in years and months","subject_name":"Social & Preventive Medicine","topic_name":null,"id":"b771df48-ce3a-4e58-9dc8-54a42ee0e025","choice_type":"multi"}186{"question":"Which of the following type of tongue thrusting has the worst prognosis?","exp":"Tongue thrusting has been variously described as a deviate swallow, visceral\u00a0swallow,\u00a0retained\u00a0infantile\u00a0swallow\u00a0or\u00a0reverse\u00a0swallow.\nPrognosis\n\nSimple tongue thrusting - Excellent\nComplex tongue thrusting - Good\nRetained infantile swallow - Poor\n\nPediatric Dentistry, Principles and Practice \/ M.S. Muthu, N. Sivakumar - 2nd Ed","cop":3,"opa":"Simple","opb":"Complex","opc":"Retained infantile swallow","opd":"All of the above","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"b0851fb1-a52d-49f5-bfd3-ae48a58c060a","choice_type":"multi"}187{"question":"CYP50 inhibition is least by:","exp":"Ans: B. Rabeprazole(Ref: Goodman Gilman 12\/e p1990; Katzung131e p1060, 12\/e p1089; KDT 7\/e p653).Rabeprazole:Exclusively metabolized by CYP2C19 and does not cause any inhibition of CYP450.Highest efficacy.Lansoprazole - Most potent.Rabeprazole & pantoprazole have no significant drug interactions.The FDA has issued a warning about a potentially impoant adverse interaction between clopidogrel and proton pump inhibitors.Proton pump inhibitors should be prescribed to patients taking clopidogrel only if they have an increased risk of gastrointestinal bleeding or require them for chronic gastro-esophageal reflux or peptic ulcer disease, in which case agents with minimal CYP2C19 inhibition (pantoprazole or rabeprazole) are preferred","cop":2,"opa":"Pantoprazole","opb":"Rabeprazole","opc":"Lansoprazole","opd":"Omeprazole","subject_name":"Pharmacology","topic_name":null,"id":"6bce210a-7174-4c76-b1f0-9bc3f5c835fc","choice_type":"single"}188{"question":"Which of the following is a component of Pentalogy of Fallot \u2013","exp":"Peutalogy of fallot consists : -\n\nTetralogy of Faint --> VSD, Pulmonic stenosis, Overriding of aorta,Right ventricular hypertrophy\nAtrial septal defect","cop":1,"opa":"Atrial septal Defect (ASD)","opb":"Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)","opc":"Coarctation of Aorta (COA)","opd":"Left Ventricular Hypertrophy (LVH)","subject_name":"Pediatrics","topic_name":null,"id":"e6ba5355-f5fe-4095-9b21-1bf140122c8f","choice_type":"multi"}189{"question":"The contractile element in a skeletal muscle is present in:","exp":null,"cop":3,"opa":"Sarcolemma","opb":"Sarcoplasm","opc":"Myofibril","opd":"Endomysium","subject_name":"Physiology","topic_name":null,"id":"c4bcd30a-daa7-4da1-9316-83c2cbb64532","choice_type":"single"}190{"question":"Cherry red spot and Hollenhorst plaque are seen in:","exp":"Ans: A. CRAO(licr Parson's 22\/e p320-32l, 21 \/e p313,314: Kanski 7\/e p559-562: Yanoff and Duker 4\/e p522)Cherry red spot & Hollenhorst plaque:Seen in both Central Retinal Aery Occlusion (CRAO) & BRAG.CRAO incidence is more common than BRAG.","cop":1,"opa":"CRAO","opb":"CRVO","opc":"Branch RAO","opd":"Branch RVO","subject_name":"Ophthalmology","topic_name":null,"id":"673a0bbe-b4d8-46bb-83b0-e01658f9f22f","choice_type":"single"}191{"question":"Optimal location for intra osseous anesthesia for mandibular second molars is","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"Distal to the molar","opb":"Mesial to the molar","opc":"In the furcation area","opd":"Apical perforation and injection","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"3419bb2a-2a24-4ddc-b217-ee00b981afeb","choice_type":"single"}192{"question":"Which statements is true regarding VENTOUSE :","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Minor scalp abrasions and subgaleal hematomas in new born are more frequent than forceps","opb":"Can be applied when foetal head is above the level of ischial spine","opc":"Maternal trauma is more frequent than forceps","opd":"Can not be used when fetal head is not fully rotated","subject_name":"Gynaecology & Obstetrics","topic_name":null,"id":"b0c6997a-bf16-4f7c-8c44-7a3504e0131b","choice_type":"multi"}193{"question":"After cleaning and pumicing the tooth surface, plaque formation takes place within","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"A few minutes","opb":"1\/2 to 1 hour","opc":"2 to 4 hour","opd":"After 1 hour","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"11efa366-1d2d-48a8-a247-a362a0447140","choice_type":"single"}194{"question":"Which of the following structure is not present on floor of third ventricle?","exp":"Answer- B (Third nerve)The third nerve (Oculomotor) does not form the floor of the third ventricle although it lies in close relation to the floor.The anterior wall of the third ventricle is formed by Lamina terminalis, Anterior commissure, Anterior columns of the fornixThe posterior wall is formed by the Pineal body, Posterior commissure, Cerebral aqueduct.The roof is formed by Body of fornix and the ependyma lining the undersurface of the tela choroidea of the third ventricle.The floor of the third ventricle is formed by Optic chiasma, Tuber cinereum, Infundibulum, the Mammillary bodies, Posterior perforated substance, and Tegmentum of the midbrain. The lateral wall is formed by the Medial surface of the thalamus, Hypothalamus, and the Hypothalamic sulcus.","cop":2,"opa":"Optic stalk","opb":"Third nerve","opc":"Infundibulum","opd":"Mammillary body","subject_name":"Anatomy","topic_name":null,"id":"4df0486d-1aba-4df0-9a1f-fd86bb8acc9a","choice_type":"single"}195{"question":"Speech problems in cleft palate patients are due to","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"Lisping of tongue","opb":"Inability of soft palate to stop air to go into nasopharynx","opc":"Inability of learning process","opd":"All of the above","subject_name":"Surgery","topic_name":null,"id":"25357342-dfb9-4828-a49e-20f3701eb211","choice_type":"multi"}196{"question":"According to the WHO definition of hearing loss, what is the value to classify as profound hearing loss?","exp":"Ans: B. >81 dB(Ref: http:\/\/wwwwlio.intipbaideulne.ssilieuring_impairment_gracies\/en\/)According to the WHO (2008) definition of hearing loss, hearing threshold in better ear >81 dB is classified as profound hearing loss.WHO (2008) Classification of Degree of Hearing LossHearing threshold in better ear (average of 500, 1000, Grade of Impairment0-25No impairment26-40Milddeg impairment41-60Moderatedeg impairment61-80SevereQ impairment>81Profound impairment including","cop":2,"opa":"61-71 dB","opb":">81 dB","opc":">91 dB","opd":">101 dB","subject_name":"ENT","topic_name":null,"id":"38810794-2735-4239-b36f-d9a509a2997f","choice_type":"single"}197{"question":"What we will define it \"ratio of no. of death under 1 year of age to total live birth per 1000 live births per year\"?","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Infant mortality rate","opb":"Child mortality rate","opc":"Child morbidity rate","opd":"Life expectancy rate","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"c5b472d1-468e-437e-97fc-9b1c2411af53","choice_type":"single"}198{"question":"The necrotising pressure areas, undergoing bone resorption and endosteal bone formation","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"Juvenile periodontitis","opb":"Occlusal trauma","opc":"Chronic suppurative periodontitis","opd":"ANUG","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"e4610f09-b587-47c8-99ff-c8967f481322","choice_type":"single"}199{"question":"CLED is better medium than MacConkey medium for processing of urine samples","exp":"Answer- D. Allows staphylococcus,Streptococcus and candida to grow* CLED agar (cystine-lactose-electrolyte-deficient agar or medium) is a valuable non-inhibitorygrowth medium used in the isolation and differentiation ofurinary microbes* It suppos the growth of urinary pathogens and contaminants but prevents undue swarming of Proteus species due to its lack of electrolytes.","cop":4,"opa":"It differentiate LF from NLF Bacteria","opb":"Prevents swarming of proteus","opc":"Identifies pseudomonas","opd":"Allows staphylococcus,Streptococcus and candida to grow","subject_name":"Microbiology","topic_name":null,"id":"3bd3eaf4-a529-4b2a-8d98-79249b580503","choice_type":"multi"}200{"question":"Pre-maturity in edge to edge position is relieved by reducing:","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Mandibular incisal edge.","opb":"Maxillary lingual fossa.","opc":"Both AB","opd":"Either AB","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"e1eb342e-fe1e-49b1-a9d7-f8400b419aa6","choice_type":"multi"}201{"question":"Most effective method of assessing breathing is by measuring:","exp":null,"cop":4,"opa":"Tidal volume","opb":"Respiratory rate","opc":"Alveolar ventilation","opd":"FEV 1","subject_name":"Physiology","topic_name":null,"id":"b4c3fa06-01fe-4c3c-8521-25299a221d43","choice_type":"single"}202{"question":"Major aim of phase 1 clinical trials is:","exp":"Phase 1 clinical trial : It is first phase in humans. It is conducted mainly on healthy volunteers. In drugs with serious adverse effects and where alternative treatment is not available, phase 1 can be conducted on patients also. Major aim is to know the maximum tolerable dose (MTD). The aim of phase 1 trials should be marked as MTD > Dose > Pharmacokinetics > Safety","cop":3,"opa":"Safety","opb":"Efficacy","opc":"Dose","opd":"Pharmacokinetics","subject_name":"Pharmacology","topic_name":"AIIMS 2018","id":"3b150083-1a5e-49ef-bc36-41a06b677b32","choice_type":"single"}203{"question":"The blood pressure data of 200 persons were collected. The first quaile BP of the data was 94 mm Hg and third quaile was 110 mm. How many patients have blood pressures between the 3rd and 4th quaile?","exp":"Ans: B. 50Quaile:Type of quantile.In descriptive statistics - Quailes are ranked set of data values.Are 3 points dividing data set into four equal groups.Each group comprising quaer of data.1stquaile (Q1):25' percentile (splits off lowest 25% of data from highest 75%).2ndquaile (Q2):50' percentile (cuts data set in half).3rdquaile (Q3):75\" percentile (splits off highest 25% of data from lowest 75%).Interquaile range (IQR):Difference between upper & lower quailes.IQR = Q3 - Q1.Per question:Between every two quailes one\/ fouh of total number of patients present.I.e. 200\/4 = 50 patients.","cop":2,"opa":"25","opb":"50","opc":"100","opd":"200","subject_name":"Social & Preventive Medicine","topic_name":null,"id":"fe1ce20a-009c-45a2-8279-bff1d2e4abcf","choice_type":"single"}204{"question":"Which of the following defines the pressure in the vascular system in the absence of blood flow? (Asked twice)","exp":"Answer- C. Mean circulatory filling pressureMean Circulatory Filling pressure (MCFP) is equilibrium pressure that is reached throughout the cardiovascular system when cardiac output is stopped completely. MCFP can be measured by stopping blood flow (e.g., by stopping hea pumping by giving shock to hea with electricity) and allowing the pressure throughout the circulatory system to reach equilibrium. MCFP is equilibrium pressure everywhere in circulation.","cop":3,"opa":"Pulse pressure","opb":"Critical closing pressure","opc":"Mean circulatory filling pressure","opd":"Perfusion pressure","subject_name":"Physiology","topic_name":null,"id":"b687604e-5145-4aa3-ba07-56c624e501ec","choice_type":"single"}205{"question":"Best parameter for ultrasound evaluation of IUGR is:","exp":"\u201cAbdominal circumfernece (AC) is the single most sensitive parameter to detect IUGR. Serial measurements of AC and estimations of fetal weight are more diagnostic to fetal growth restriction.\u201d\nDutta 7\/e, p 463\n\u201cThe biometric parameters, AC is most affected by fetal growth\u201d\nWilliams 24\/e, p 199","cop":3,"opa":"Placental membrane","opb":"Length of femur","opc":"Abdominal circumference","opd":"BPD","subject_name":"Gynaecology & Obstetrics","topic_name":null,"id":"e5e1f694-5bce-4ea7-8d47-b629076533e1","choice_type":"single"}206{"question":"According to WHO classi\ufb01cation of periapical pathology, sinus to oral cavity comes  under:","exp":null,"cop":4,"opa":"4.6","opb":"4.6","opc":"4.61","opd":"4.62","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"73818dbb-2bd3-4c46-a06a-b18b6ddb5450","choice_type":"single"}207{"question":"In a child, surgery was done for biliary stricture with hepatojejunal anastomosis. Postoperative bilirubin level after 2 weeks was 6 mg\/dL from a preoperative level 12mg\/dL. The reason for this could be:","exp":"Ans: C. Delta bilirubin(Ref Harrison 19\/e p280, 18\/e p325)Delta Bilirubin:Albumin-linked bilirubin fraction (delta fraction\/biliprotein)Is pa of direct-reacting bilirubin fraction including conjugated bilirubin, covalently linked to albumin.Represents an impoant fraction of total serum bilirubin in patients with cholestasis & hepatobiliary disorders.Clearance rate of albumin-bound bilirubin from serum approximates half-life of albumin (12-14 days) rather than sho half-life of bilirubin (4 hours).Due to tight albumin bonding.","cop":3,"opa":"Normal lowering of bilirubin takes time","opb":"Anastomotic stricture","opc":"Delta bilirubin","opd":"Mistake in lab technique","subject_name":"Pediatrics","topic_name":null,"id":"790947ee-b119-4f1f-ac07-8f0c5a701010","choice_type":"single"}208{"question":"A 2 month old girl has failure to thrive, polyuria and medullary nephrocalcinosis affecting both kidneys. Investigations show blood pH 7.48, bicarbonate 25 mEq\/l, potassium 2 mEq\/l, sodium 126 mEq\/l and chloride 88 mEq\/l. The most likely diagnosis is -","exp":"Clinical features of the infant --> Polyuria, Growth retardation, Medullary Nephrocalcinosis Electrolyte abnormalities: -\n\nDecreased potassium (Normal 3.5 \u2014 5.0 meq\/L)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 o Normal Bicarbonate (Normal 21-30 meq\/L)\nDecreased sodium (Normal 136 \u2014 145 ineq\/L)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 o Increased pH (Normal 7.38 \u2014 7.44 meq\/L)\nDecreased Chloride (Normal 98 \u2014 106 meq\/L) \n\tC\/F and electrolyte abnormalities in Bartter's syndrome\n\na Hypokalemia\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 o Polyurea and Nocturea (d\/t hypokalemia)\n\nMetabolic alkalosis\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u2751 Increased urinary chloride (cause Hypochloremia)\nNormal to low blood pressure o Hypomagnesemia (seen in minority of patient)\nGrowth retardation\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 o Hypercalciurea (causes nephrocalcinosis which is visible on ultrasound) Other options\n\nDistal renal tubular acidosis\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 - It can be easily ruled out as it causes acidosis not alkalosis\nPrimary hyperaldosteronism - In primary hyperaldosteronism, Sodium level is always increased and the B.F. is high.\nPseudo hypoaldosteronism\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 - Aldosterone level is normal or increased but there are features of aldosterone deficiency such as decreased sodium and increased potassium.","cop":3,"opa":"Distal renal tubular acidosis","opb":"Primary hyperaldosteronism","opc":"Bartter syndrome","opd":"Pseudohypoaldosteronism","subject_name":"Pediatrics","topic_name":null,"id":"8d0b854f-93fb-43ae-a1b9-d489ea68103b","choice_type":"multi"}209{"question":"Resin teeth:","exp":null,"cop":4,"opa":"Show a high compressive strength","opb":"Contraindicated in patients with decreased inter occlusal distance","opc":"Show crazing","opd":"Show a high fracture strength","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"6eb7d429-53f8-4d51-b861-81ab063b0973","choice_type":"single"}210{"question":"In alpha-thalassemia trait,electrophoresis shows:March 2005","exp":"Ans. B: Normal HbF and normal HbA2Alpha (0) thalassemia -Individuals with this disorder are not able to produce any functional alpha-globin and thus are unable to make any functional hemoglobin A, F, or A2. This leads to the development of hydrops fetalis, also known as hemoglobin Ba, a condition that is incompatible with extra uterine life.Alpha (+) thalassemia - genetic mutations that result in decreased production of alpha-globin usually due to the functional deletion of 1 of the 4 alpha globin genes. Based on the number of inherited alpha genes, it is subclassified into 3 general forms:Thalassemia (-u\/ a a) is characterized by inheritance of 3 normal a-genes. These patients are referred to clinically as silent carrier of alpha thalassemia. Other names for this condition are alpha thalassemia minima, alpha thalassemia-2 trait, and heterozygosity for alpha (+) thalassemia minor. The affected individuals exhibit no abnormality clinically and may be hematologically normal or have mild reductions in red cell mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH).Inheritance of 2 normal alpha genes due to either heterozygosity for alpha (0) thalassemia (u a\/ --) or homozygosity for alpha (+) thalassemia (-u\/-a) results in the development of alpha thalassemia minor or alpha thalassemia-1 trait. The affected individuals are clinically normal but frequently have minimal anemia and reduced mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH).Inheritance of one normal alpha gene (-a\/ --) results in abundant formation of hemoglobin H. This condition is known as ElbH disease. The affected individuals have moderate to severe lifelong hemolytic anemia, modest degrees of ineffective erythropoiesis, splenomegaly and variable bony changesPersons with alpha-thalassemia traits have normal HbA2 and HbF levels whereas beta- thalassemia patients have elevated HbA2","cop":2,"opa":"Increased HbF and normal HbA2","opb":"Normal HbF and normal HbA2","opc":"Normal HbF and decreased HbA2","opd":"Decreased HbF and normal HbA2","subject_name":"Medicine","topic_name":null,"id":"3084edf2-d176-43aa-87f4-412ea4098b47","choice_type":"single"}211{"question":"Zone of stimulation contains all except:","exp":"The reaction of the periradicular tissues to noxious products of tissue necrosis, bacterial products and antigenic agents from the root canal has been described by Fish.\nThe four zones\u00a0\n\nZone of infection\nZone of contamination\nZone of irritation\nZone of stimulation\n\n\nZone of Infection:\n\n\nThis is present in the center of the lesion.\nIt is characterized by PMNL's.\n\n\nZone of Contamination:\n\n\nIt is characterized by round cell in\ufb01ltration.\nIt demonstrates cellular destruction due to toxins from the central zone or zone of infection.\u00a0Because of autolysis and death of bone cells, the lacunae were empty.\nLymphocytes are prevalent everywhere.\n\n\nZone of Irritation:\n\n\nThis zone is characterized by macrophages and osteoclasts.\nThe collagen framework was digested by phagocytic cells, the macrophages, while osteoclasts attacked the bone tissue. This opens a gap in the bone all around the center of lesion. That space becomes \ufb01lled with PMNL's.\nThis zone demonstrates much activity preparatory to repair.\n\n\nZone of Stimulation: (Peripheral zone)\n\n\nThis zone is characterized by \ufb01broblasts and osteoblasts.\nIn this zone, the e\ufb00ects of toxins were mild enough to be stimulant which results in laying down of collagen \ufb01bers around the zone of irritation that acts both as a wall of defense and as a sca\ufb00olding on which the osteoblasts built new bone.\nThis new bone was built in an irregular fashion.","cop":2,"opa":"Fibroblasts","opb":"Osteoclasts","opc":"Osteoblasts","opd":"New bone formation","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"362a094c-f1d9-4faa-97ab-48242be3dd4b","choice_type":"multi"}212{"question":"Minimum number of lobes require to form a tooth","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"1","opb":"2","opc":"3","opd":"4","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"00667233-3ef5-4759-bac2-850f41c6cdfc","choice_type":"single"}213{"question":"In the odontoblastic layer the following connections is\/are found","exp":null,"cop":4,"opa":"Zona adherens","opb":"Gap junctions","opc":"Zonula occludens","opd":"All of the above","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"e6b676f8-26ba-42f6-9bd2-739abf1c039a","choice_type":"multi"}214{"question":"All are features of Neonatal Tetanus except \u2013","exp":"Neonatal Tetanus \n\n\nIt is caused by clostridium tetani\nClinical features\n\n\nSymptoms of neonatal tetanus starts by 5-15 days after birth, never in the first 2 days of life and rarely after the age of 2 weeks. (ft is commonly k\/a as 811! day disease)\nCommon initial symptoms are Excessive unexplained crying, Refusal of feeds, Apathy\n\n\nPrognosis \u2014> Mortality rate varies from 50-75%.","cop":3,"opa":"Refusal to feed is common initial symptom","opb":"Caused by clostridium tetani","opc":"Usually occurs in 1st 2 days of life","opd":"Mortality is 50\u201375%.","subject_name":"Pediatrics","topic_name":null,"id":"e6478418-d6bb-47d3-b31c-a19b3a149a6c","choice_type":"multi"}215{"question":"In assessing infant deaths, Ploucquet's test involves:","exp":"Ans: C. Change in paial weight of lungs(Ref: Reddy 34\/e p411, 33\/e p439).In assessing infant deaths, Ploucquet's test involves change in paial weight of lungs.Ploucquet's test:The blood flow in the lung beds is so increased after breathing that their weight is almost doubled from 1\/70 of the body weight before respiration to 1\/35 after respiration.This increase in weight is not constant and is not a reliable indication of breathing.","cop":3,"opa":"Change in specific gravity of lungs","opb":"Presence of air in stomach and duodenum","opc":"Change in paial weight of lungs","opd":"Air in middle ear","subject_name":"Forensic Medicine","topic_name":null,"id":"070ff387-f612-43ac-a23e-ab3e8ed192b4","choice_type":"single"}216{"question":"Scammon's growth curve. False is","exp":null,"cop":3,"opa":"Neural tissues-Most of the growth is completed by 6 years","opb":"Lymphoid tissues \u2014 growth reaches 200%  by age 13 and regresses afterwards","opc":"Genital tissues \u2014 most of the growth is completed by the age of puberty","opd":"None of the above","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"0ada062a-c400-4012-af5e-31144ba41401","choice_type":"multi"}217{"question":"The transport of CO is diffusion limited because","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Binds avidly with Hb","opb":"Partial pressure of CO is less","opc":"CO is less absorbed in water","opd":"Alveolar membrane is less permeable","subject_name":"Physiology","topic_name":null,"id":"c0ed32bb-dbf2-4184-91f0-ee93c27f119f","choice_type":"single"}218{"question":"Acetazolamide is given to a patient of angle closure glaucoma. It is a non-competitive inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase enzyme. Which of the following should be the effect of this drug?","exp":"* Enzyme inhibition is of 3 types: Type of inhibition Km Vmax Competitive inhibition Increases No change Non competitive inhibition No change Decreases Uncompetitive inhibition Decreases Decreases * In question non competitive inhibitor is given, so answer is decrease in Vmax.","cop":1,"opa":"Decrease in Vmax","opb":"A.Decrease in Km","opc":"Increase in both Km and Vmax","opd":"No change in Vmax","subject_name":"Pharmacology","topic_name":"AIIMS 2018","id":"81ba27b9-0517-444f-b592-db6a7f23c69c","choice_type":"multi"}219{"question":"All are true about rapid sequence induction done in a cardiac patient in emergency except:","exp":"Ans: D. Induction should be done with thiopentone sodium and succinylcholine for muscle relaxation(Ref Miller 7\/e p34, 887)Thiopentone induction is contraindicated in cardiac patients because of direct negative inotropic effects on the hea and depressant effects on systemic BR.Etomidate is the preferred induction agent in such a patient.","cop":4,"opa":"Inducing agent and neuromuscular relaxant are administered together","opb":"The patient is pre-oxygenated for 3 minutes before the procedure","opc":"Cricoid pressure has to be applied till the endotracheal tube has been secured with a cuff","opd":"Induction should be done with thiopentone sodium and succinylcholine for muscle relaxation","subject_name":"Anaesthesia","topic_name":null,"id":"b28a6de3-cbe2-44a2-b75c-607baefacc05","choice_type":"multi"}220{"question":"A 25-year-old lady presents with sudden severe bilateral loss of vision, more so on the right side, with no perception of light. Rest of the examination including pupillary reflexes, fundus and optokinetic nystagmus are normal. She was able to touch the tips of her fingers with her right eye closed but not with her left eye closed. The most like1 tgnosis is:","exp":"Ans. d. Functional vision loss (Ref Kanski 6\/e p 477, 790, 792-793)The most likely diagnosis in this young lady who presents with sudden severe bilateral loss of vision, more so on the right side, with no perception of light and normal examination findings including pupillary reflexes, fundus and optokinetic nystagmus, who is able to touch tips of her finger with right eye closed but not with left eye closed, is functional vision loss.","cop":4,"opa":"Optic neuritis","opb":"Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy","opc":"CMV retinitis","opd":"Functional vision loss","subject_name":"Ophthalmology","topic_name":null,"id":"b0060b73-4e6b-4537-a556-c1fb94a65c4a","choice_type":"single"}221{"question":"A 60-year old male presents with painful, 141 oupet. vesicles over erythematous plaques in T3 dermatome region of trunk. Which of the following would be the most likely causative organism?","exp":"Ans. a. Varicella zosterA 60-year-old male presents with painful, grouped vesicles over erythematous plaques in T dermatome region of trunk. Varicella zoster is the most likely causative organism.","cop":1,"opa":"Varicella zoster","opb":"Herpes simplex","opc":"Pox virus","opd":"Papilloma virus","subject_name":"ENT","topic_name":null,"id":"624cf635-1421-416e-978a-996781f350c0","choice_type":"single"}222{"question":"A patient is administered 200 mg of a drug. 75 mg of the drug is eliminated from the body in 90 minutes. If the drug follows first order kinetics, how much drug will remain after 6 hours?","exp":"Answer- C. 30 mgDrug remains in the body at the end of 4th 90 minutes (6 hours) : 48.7 -18.3 = 30.4 (Approx. 30 mg)","cop":3,"opa":"12.5 mg","opb":"25 mg","opc":"30 mg","opd":"50 mg","subject_name":"Pharmacology","topic_name":null,"id":"e7278113-c555-4128-a8df-cbd10ca7833f","choice_type":"single"}223{"question":"The most common side effect of the oral administration of ampicillin is","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"Anaphylactic shock","opb":"Diarrhoea","opc":"Oral candidiasis","opd":"Renal failure","subject_name":"Pharmacology","topic_name":null,"id":"bfc8d03e-6a47-44af-8883-a2786a23da19","choice_type":"single"}224{"question":"Adverse effects of salbutamol are all except","exp":"Salbutamol is a beta 2 agonist. Adverse effects of beta 2 agonists: Tremors Tachycardia Tolerance Hypokalemia (by enhancing potassium uptake into muscles) Hypoxia Hyperglycemia (by stimulating glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis) Note: Tolerance occurs to only long acting beta 2 agonists .","cop":3,"opa":"Tremors","opb":"Tachycardia","opc":"Hypoglycemia","opd":"Hypokalemia","subject_name":"Pharmacology","topic_name":"AIIMS 2018","id":"a5d733b4-18d3-468c-8aaa-bbcb66cbb07e","choice_type":"multi"}225{"question":"Most common extraradicular microorganism is\/ are:","exp":null,"cop":4,"opa":"Actinomyces species.","opb":"Propioni bacterium.","opc":"Propionicum.","opd":"All of the above.","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"32cf44b6-600a-4ea1-ab8a-15696485643e","choice_type":"multi"}226{"question":"Ludwig's angina is characterized by","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Raised tongue","opb":"Elevation of ear lobe","opc":"Trismus","opd":"Unilateral swelling","subject_name":"Surgery","topic_name":null,"id":"0545a2b0-b535-46ee-843b-a8adf5c97c40","choice_type":"single"}227{"question":"Least condensation pressure is required in:","exp":"A spherical amalgam contains small, round alloy particles that are mixed with mercury to form the mass that is placed into the tooth preparation. Because of the shape of the particles, the material is condensed into the tooth preparation with little condensation pressure. This advantage is combined with its high early strength\u00a0to provide a material that is well suited for very large amalgam restorations, such as complex amalgams or foundations.\nSturdevant ed 4 pg 654","cop":1,"opa":"Spherical amalgam alloy, high copper","opb":"Admixed amalgam alloy, high copper","opc":"Admixed amalgam alloy, low copper","opd":"Lathe cut alloy","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"b21a38b8-c966-425a-a140-9ff775745931","choice_type":"multi"}228{"question":"Denominator in perinatal moality rate","exp":"Ans: A. Total bihs* PERINATAL MOALITY RATE is the sum of the number of resident fetal deaths of 28 or more weeks gestation plus the number of resident newborns dying under 7 days of age in a specified geographic area (country, state, county, etc.) divided by TOTAL BIHS includes the sum of the number of resident live bihs plus the number of resident fetal deaths of 28 or more weeks gestation for the same geographic area (for a specified time period, usually a calendar year) and multiplied by 1,000.","cop":1,"opa":"Total bihs","opb":"Total live bihs","opc":"Live bihs + Still bih","opd":"Total number of newborns","subject_name":"Social & Preventive Medicine","topic_name":null,"id":"6506849d-8885-4adf-88b7-4e010e026d6c","choice_type":"single"}229{"question":"A child spends 8 years of life in a temperate climate where the drinking water had fluoride of 3 ppm. The teeth that are effected are:","exp":"Enamel fluorosis is a developmental phenomenon due to\u00a0excessive fluoride ingestion during amelogenesis. Once the crowns of the teeth are formed, no further fluorosis can be induced by additional intake of fluoride or by posteruptive topical applications of fluoride.","cop":2,"opa":"All primary teeth","opb":"All permanent teeth, except third molars","opc":"Incisors, canines, premolars and third molars","opd":"Only molars","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"769b87a2-ecb8-4508-82d5-4fde94fa7f60","choice_type":"multi"}230{"question":"The ideal instrument that is used to widen the canal is","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"Broach","opb":"File","opc":"Fissure bur","opd":"Reamer","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"2cc9a274-380c-4a8e-b2b6-6c8ae412c55b","choice_type":"single"}231{"question":"According to instrument formula given by G.V. Black, primary cutting edge angle should be:","exp":"The second number of a four-number code indicates the primary cutting edge angle, measured from a line parallel to the long axis of the instrument handle in clockwise centigrade.\nThe centigrade angle is expressed as a percent of 360 degrees (e.g., 85 = 85% \u00d7 360 degrees = 306 degrees). The instrument is positioned so that this number always exceeds 50.\n\nSturdevants operative dentistry 7th edition page e2","cop":1,"opa":"More than 50 degree","opb":"More than 90 degree","opc":"Less than 50 degree","opd":"Less than 90 degree","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"1d7028cb-08b7-422e-8feb-26392e8f97dc","choice_type":"single"}232{"question":"Which of the following is not true for incubation period?","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"For determining isolation period of a disease","opb":"To prevent infection among contacts","opc":"For quarantine of disease","opd":"To differentiate among secondary cases and co-primary cases","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"71166b66-1d91-490c-8bf2-ff1a44fc6ba5","choice_type":"multi"}233{"question":"Treatment of ANUG utilizes all except:","exp":null,"cop":4,"opa":"Debridement","opb":"Oral hygiene","opc":"Penicillin","opd":"Topical steroid","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"9663a6e9-55d1-4a7e-8af9-556a6478688d","choice_type":"multi"}234{"question":"Median rhomboid glossitis is associated with:","exp":null,"cop":4,"opa":"Burning mouth syndrome","opb":"Fungal infection","opc":"Bacterial infection","opd":"Absence of filiform papillae","subject_name":"Pathology","topic_name":null,"id":"46fe2094-87db-4117-b06f-7a7bebb94646","choice_type":"single"}235{"question":"A young male present with loose motions and intermittent abdominal pain over the past 1 year. Wet mount stool specimen showed the presence of multiple ova which are more than 100u in diameter. The causative organisms for the disease shall not include?","exp":null,"cop":4,"opa":"Fasciola gigantica","opb":"Gastrodiscoides hominis","opc":"Echinostoma ilocanum","opd":"Opisthorchis viverrini","subject_name":"Microbiology","topic_name":null,"id":"e4749151-5d65-4cf3-b663-67e75d1da084","choice_type":"multi"}236{"question":"Concentric teeth bite mark on forearm, what to do next?","exp":"Ans: C. Complete description of injury as seenRef KSN Reddy's The Essentials of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology 33' edn; Page no. 97Impoant: The order of Bite mark investigation: C > B > A> DBite Mark InvestigationComplete description of injury as seenPhotograph: Keep scale for measuring below the mark and take photo from different angle.Swabbing of saliva: To identify or exclude assailant from secretor status who exude blood group substance in the saliva.Impression of bite mark: Plastic substance (rubber or silicone based) or plaster of Paris is laid over the bite mark that hardens and produces permanent negative cast of the lesion.Skin carrying the bite is removed and preserved in formalin during autopsy.","cop":3,"opa":"2 swab technique for saliva collection","opb":"Keep scale for measuring below the mark and take photo in the plane of bite","opc":"Complete description of injury as seen","opd":"Prepare cast using vinyl polysiloxane","subject_name":"Forensic Medicine","topic_name":null,"id":"81a24a92-4459-4999-9c49-6ee91a6182a3","choice_type":"single"}237{"question":"A patient believes he is the most impoant person in the world than anyone so his neighbors and family is trying to harm him as they are jealous of him. His wife says otherwise and says he behaves like this recently only before he was working as a school-teacher peacefully and brought to OPD. He is suffering from:","exp":"Ans. d. Delusion of grandiosity, persecution and reference The given description suggests that the patient is having delusion of grandiosity, persecution and reference.Delusion of grandeurExaggerated conception of one's impoance, power, or identity.Delusion of persecutionFalse belief of being harassed or persecuted; often found in litigious patients who have a pathological tendency to take legal action because of imagined mistreatment.MC delusion.Delusion of referenceFalse belief that behavior of others refers to oneself or that events, objects, or other people have a paicular & unusual significance, usually of a negative natureDerived from idea of reference, in which persons falsely feel that others are talking about them (e.g., belief that people on television or radio are talking to or about the person).","cop":4,"opa":"Delusion of grandiosity","opb":"Delusion of persecution","opc":"Delusion of grandiosity and persecution","opd":"Delusion of grandiosity, persecution and reference","subject_name":"Psychiatry","topic_name":null,"id":"36eda6ec-6654-41ba-937b-60a3052e6c49","choice_type":"single"}238{"question":"Measuring variation between two different units is done through","exp":null,"cop":3,"opa":"Variance","opb":"Standard deviation","opc":"Coefficient of variation","opd":"Range","subject_name":"Social & Preventive Medicine","topic_name":null,"id":"cc956481-f985-449c-ac18-22c7109b641b","choice_type":"single"}239{"question":"Which of the following diseases is diagnosed with the help of the flowcytometry pattern?","exp":"Flow cytometry can rapidly and quantitatively measure several individual cell characteristics, but is mainly used to identify cellular antigens expressed by liquidtumors , those that arise from blood forming tissues. Hyper IgM syndrome - In this disorder the affected patients make IgM antibodies but are deficient in their ability to produce IgG, IgA and IgE antibodies. There is problem in Ig class switching. Approximately 70%of individuals with hyper lgM syndrome have the X linked form of the disease , caused by mutations in the gene coding CD40L located on Xq26. In remaining patients,the disease is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern. Most of these patients have loss of function mutation involving either CD40 or enzyme called AID. So, B-cells can be detected by flowcytometryhaving low expression of CD40. Bruton's disease -In this disease, there is defect in B-cell tyrosine kinase enzyme. This leads to hypogammaglobulinemia. Bare lymphocyte syndrome- In this disorder, There is defect in MHC-2 molecule which is required for CD4 T-cell formation. SCID - This is both X-linked and autosomal recessive disorder.","cop":3,"opa":"Bruton disease","opb":"Bare lymphocyte syndrome","opc":"Hyper IgM syndrome","opd":"Severe combined immunodeficiency disease","subject_name":"Pathology","topic_name":"AIIMS 2019","id":"e8aa61af-a6f5-49ed-a221-93765caf901f","choice_type":"single"}240{"question":"Best indicator of developing cardiovascular disease is","exp":null,"cop":3,"opa":"LDL cholesterol level more than 120 mg\/dl","opb":"History of salt intake of more than 6 gm\/day","opc":"LDL\/HDL ratio","opd":"All of the above","subject_name":"Medicine","topic_name":null,"id":"93b48788-a643-45c3-ad41-304738ff6f55","choice_type":"multi"}241{"question":"Pulp proper contains","exp":null,"cop":4,"opa":"Large Blood vessels","opb":"Nerve fibers","opc":"Fibroblasts","opd":"All of the above","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"e9adae98-f03e-4451-bd05-750e85d15ca2","choice_type":"multi"}242{"question":"Which of the following is used as a bio-degradable membrane in \"guided tissue regeneration\" process?","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Polylactic acid","opb":"Poly tetrafluoroethylene","opc":"Millipore","opd":"Core membrane","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"79c95aee-a0ff-4f7a-8a3f-2228f0ca66ce","choice_type":"single"}243{"question":"Pulmonary-renal syndromes include-","exp":"Answer-D. AllPulmonary-renal syndromes are most commonly caused by an underlying autoimmune disease. PRS is most commonly due to ANCA-associated vasculitides (e.g., granulomatosis with polyangiitis) or due to anti-basement membrane diseases (e.g., Goodpasture's syndrome). Other etiologies include toxic injury such as paraquat poisoning, infection with hantavirus, leptospirosis, or legionella, or vascular, as seen in nephrotic syndrome when a renal vein thrombosis embolism to the lungs.","cop":4,"opa":"Goodpasture","opb":"Leptospirosis","opc":"Hantavirus and Wegner's","opd":"All","subject_name":"Medicine","topic_name":null,"id":"f1586168-b5a9-4b50-acf4-f0575cfb10ea","choice_type":"multi"}244{"question":"Bone sounding done in modern times is performed by which method?","exp":null,"cop":3,"opa":"RVG","opb":"Probing","opc":"CBCT","opd":"Radiovisiography","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"58d83508-8ad5-4137-a215-d6b084f49e3c","choice_type":"single"}245{"question":"Oil red '0' stain is used for:","exp":"Ans: D. Frozen specimenFor Connective Tissue and LipidsName of stainElements stainedTrichrome StainCollagenVerhoeff-Van Gieson stain (Best for Elastin)Elastic fibersLuna stainElastin & Mast cellsSilver Methenamine stainReticulinOil red '0' stain (on Fresh specimen)Sudan black (on fixed specimen)FatMallory's PTAH stainMuscle striationsMaius scarlet blue (MSB)FibrinPAS, Silver Methenamine stainBasement membraneBielschowsky (silver stain)Neurofibrillary tangles senile plaquesLuxol fast blueMyelin(Ref Netter :s* Essential Histology 2\/e p479)","cop":4,"opa":"Glutaraldehyde fixed specimen","opb":"Alcohol fixed specimen","opc":"Formalin fixed specimen","opd":"Frozen specimen","subject_name":"Pathology","topic_name":null,"id":"9a292f87-6a2d-4bba-bcee-f11ca9a94c73","choice_type":"single"}246{"question":"Jaw or tooth apart swallow is:","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Infantile swallow.","opb":"Mature swallow.","opc":"Both","opd":"None.","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"d384e3c5-1ec0-4c7d-b7c2-ec9fd223f3e3","choice_type":"multi"}247{"question":"A female with suspected child abuse was brought to the casualty with severe bleeding from the perineum. What should be the first line of management?","exp":"Ans. a. Airway maintenanceThe primary survey aims to identify and manage the most immediately life-threatening pathologies first and follows ABCDE.c- exsanguinating external hemorrhageA- Airway maintenanceB- Breathing & ventilationC- Circulation & hemorrhageD- DisabilityE- Exposure","cop":1,"opa":"Airway maintenance","opb":"Internal iliac aery ligation","opc":"Whole blood transfusion","opd":"Inform police before staing the treatment","subject_name":"Surgery","topic_name":null,"id":"62081a5c-5ffc-4a88-9aca-c9e430490e73","choice_type":"single"}248{"question":"Classify the class of recession:","exp":null,"cop":3,"opa":"Class 1","opb":"Class 2","opc":"Class 3","opd":"Class 4","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"d4e13d7b-8ca9-447e-b93d-e8b86afd017a","choice_type":"single"}249{"question":"Method of choice for a New born child not passing urine for 36 hours :","exp":"A history of Anuria suggests Acute Renal failure.\nUltrasonography is the ideal imaging tool in Renal failure because of its non dependence on Renal function.\nAs it allows visualization of :\n\nPelvicalyceal system ofAssessment of Renal Size o Structural anomalies and calculi .\nNote - In this question DTPA scan has not been provided as an option. So, the best answer is USG.","cop":1,"opa":"Ultrasound of kidney & bladder","opb":"CT Scan","opc":"Cystoscopy","opd":"X\u2013ray pelvis","subject_name":"Pediatrics","topic_name":null,"id":"33a697bc-627a-4a24-b381-19c181fcdded","choice_type":"single"}250{"question":"Bacteria free zone of dentinal caries is","exp":null,"cop":4,"opa":"a)Zone of decomposed dentin","opb":"Zone of bacterial invasion","opc":"Zone of decalcification","opd":"Zone of dentinal sclerosis","subject_name":"Pathology","topic_name":null,"id":"cd3ee63d-d3f2-44ea-a18c-dbf9bf1c57cf","choice_type":"single"}251{"question":"Which is not a type of Gracey curvettes?","exp":null,"cop":4,"opa":"# 1-2","opb":"# 11-12","opc":"# 13-14","opd":"# 5-16","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"5bc29ae1-a1a8-4c3b-a11e-e469be9f0640","choice_type":"single"}252{"question":"Which ion of hydroxyapatite crystals is substituted by Fluoride imparts more strength?","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Hydroxyl ion","opb":"Calcium ion","opc":"Phosphate ion","opd":"None","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"1359605e-c8e4-4847-b8b6-eb1500b5356f","choice_type":"multi"}253{"question":"Cleaning of base metal alloy is done by","exp":null,"cop":4,"opa":"Warm HCl","opb":"Cold HF","opc":"Cold H2 So4","opd":"Sand blasting with aluminium oxide","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"51baa169-5c84-4d0e-94fb-d21279cea570","choice_type":"multi"}254{"question":"Estimation of the blood sugar is relevant in all except \u2013","exp":"ARDS (Birth asphyxia), Rh incompatibility (if causes erythroblastosis fetalis) and large for date baby of diabetic mother are prone for hypoglycemia.","cop":3,"opa":"Birth asphyxia","opb":"Large for date baby","opc":"Baby of hypothyroid mother","opd":"Rh Incompatibility","subject_name":"Pediatrics","topic_name":null,"id":"16f26f56-f5ab-4542-910b-eca95b907278","choice_type":"multi"}255{"question":"All are true about isolated aoic stenoses except:","exp":"Ans: A. Pulsus bisferiens(Ref Harrison 19\/e p15.31, 1536, 18\/e p1939)Pulsus bisferiens is seen in a patient of aoic stenosis (AS) along with aoic regurgitation (AR) and is rare in isolated AS.The cardiac apex is usually displaced to left because of left ventricular hyperophy.In some patients with AR or with combined AS and AR, the carotid aerial pulse may be bisferiens, i.e., with two systolic waves separated by a trough.","cop":1,"opa":"Pulsus bisferiens","opb":"Cardiac apex is displaced laterally to left","opc":"Thrill in carotid aery","opd":"Blood pressure maintained in initial phase","subject_name":"Medicine","topic_name":null,"id":"8b906077-3b73-4397-96bb-4e66e0dc9d20","choice_type":"multi"}256{"question":"Which of the following is the most common site for the\noccurrence of a basal cell carcinoma?","exp":null,"cop":3,"opa":"Buccal mucosa","opb":"Hard palate","opc":"Skin of the lower lip","opd":"Dorsum of the tongue","subject_name":"Pathology","topic_name":null,"id":"00eb7f90-ec76-4b2a-89e8-9f716b070bfa","choice_type":"single"}257{"question":"Who was associated with second amalgam war?","exp":null,"cop":4,"opa":"G V Black","opb":"Charles bell","opc":"Huggins","opd":"Alfred stock","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"951a385e-d512-4613-a822-443f1f429ab9","choice_type":"single"}258{"question":"Reticular fibers of collagen tissues are present in all of the following except:","exp":"Ans: A. ThymusReticular fibers of collagen tissues are present in Spleen, Bone marrow & Lymph node but not in thymus.Reticulin:Type of fiber in connective tissue.Composed of type III collagen.Secreted by reticular cells.Reticular fibers crosslink to form a fine meshwork.Acts as a suppoing mesh in soft tissues such as liver, bone marrow & tissues and organs of lymphatic system.","cop":1,"opa":"Thymus","opb":"Spleen","opc":"Bone marrow","opd":"Lymph node","subject_name":"Anatomy","topic_name":null,"id":"46c8e8cf-5930-486f-ad11-99b9339c12ab","choice_type":"multi"}259{"question":"Which of the following muscle is not supplied by the nerve marked in the diagram?","exp":"The nerve marked in the diagram is oculomotor nerve. It supplies superior rectus, inferior rectus, medial rectus and inferior oblique. Superior oblique is supplied by Trochlear nerve.","cop":1,"opa":"Superior oblique","opb":"Medial rectus","opc":"Inferior rectus","opd":"Inferior oblique","subject_name":"Ophthalmology","topic_name":"AIIMS 2019","id":"3f6665ca-6b69-4345-88c2-72c2befd4d18","choice_type":"single"}260{"question":"Which is a direct content of cavernous sinus?","exp":"Abducent nerve: Only cranial nerve passing through the centre of cavernous sinus.","cop":3,"opa":"Ophthalmic division of trigeminal nerve","opb":"Trochlear nerve","opc":"Abducent nerve","opd":"Oculomotor nerve","subject_name":"Anatomy","topic_name":null,"id":"47f8f5d9-4611-4a68-9e8f-2993951ccc95","choice_type":"single"}261{"question":"In Mount and Hume classification, what will be the site size of the following lesion?","exp":"MOUNT AND HUME CLASSIFICATION 1998","cop":3,"opa":"2.1","opb":"2.2","opc":"3.1","opd":"3.2","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"a4260f2f-ca39-4778-90a9-87064c39a11c","choice_type":"single"}262{"question":"Keeping in Jack-knife position for long leads to death by:","exp":"Answer- C. Positional asphyxiaKeeping in Jack-knife position for long leads to death by positional asphyxia.\"Postural or Positional Asphyxia\":Occasionally, it results from indirect compression, when the body is subjected to force in such a manner that his thighs and the knees are driven against his chest, the so-called \"Jack-Knife\" position. There is usually marked congestion, cyanosis, and petechiae in the face and neck.This occurs when the individual acquires a ceain body position in which breathing is impaired, often because of neck twisting with kinking or compression of trachea and\/or elevation of the tongue into the posterior hypopharynx. Normal venous return to the hea may be impaired.The body is typically inveed (upside-down) & weight of abdominal contents press against the diaphragm pushing it upwards, thus compressing the thoracic organs, which combined with decreased respiratory movements, leads to cardiorespiratory failure & death.It is always accidental","cop":3,"opa":"Wedging","opb":"Burking","opc":"Positional asphyxia","opd":"Traumatic asphyxia","subject_name":"Forensic Medicine","topic_name":null,"id":"d2a908d2-59df-4591-9a9c-1212a0ce7347","choice_type":"single"}263{"question":"Extraction of 3rd molar tooth bud in 7-9 yr old child:","exp":null,"cop":4,"opa":"Improves growth of maxilla","opb":"Causes excessive damage to the mandible","opc":"Results of future orthodontic treatment are\timproved anterior teeth","opd":"Results in less crowding","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"2e264a60-ba19-4880-bc92-5c42c121eee8","choice_type":"single"}264{"question":"Which of the following statements is false in relation to myofacial pain dysfunction syndrome?","exp":null,"cop":4,"opa":"Mainly affects young females","opb":"Is caused by muscle fatigue due to chronic oral habits as grinding and clenching","opc":"Treatment involves construction of occlusal guard and stress free emotional condition","opd":"The perioral musculature becomes hypotonic","subject_name":"Pathology","topic_name":null,"id":"d2ca31a3-800c-4bf7-b150-a3981acc7587","choice_type":"multi"}265{"question":"Which of the following features is not seen in Crouzon syndrome?","exp":"Crouzon syndrome can have following appearances\/conditions","cop":2,"opa":"Midface hypoplasia","opb":"Syndactyly","opc":"Beak shaped nose","opd":"Ocular hypertelorism","subject_name":"Pathology","topic_name":null,"id":"aefae2fe-eb5f-411d-95a2-e7823c010a40","choice_type":"single"}266{"question":"The best finish line for anterior metal ceramic crown is","exp":null,"cop":4,"opa":"Chamfer with bevel","opb":"Heavy chamfer","opc":"Shoulder","opd":"Shoulder with bevel","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"ef09a789-e189-42dc-a0fb-70da2c5ca170","choice_type":"single"}267{"question":"Kamlesh, a 2 year old girl, has Down's syndrome. Her karyotype is 21\/21 translocation. What is the risk ofrecurrence in subsequent pregnancies if the father is a balanced translocation carrier :","exp":"Down Syndrome\u2013 (Trisomy 21)\n\nSeen in 11n 800 to 1000 newborns\nM\/C Nonlethal trisomy\nRisk of Down syndrome increases with increase in maternal age\nAt maternal age of 35 years, the risk of having a baby with Down syndrome is 1:365. to 1:400.\n\nRecurrent Risk of Down\u2019s syndrome","cop":1,"opa":"100%","opb":"50%","opc":"25%","opd":"0%","subject_name":"Gynaecology & Obstetrics","topic_name":null,"id":"5682860b-5ef4-4c1d-88b4-eb81546548ba","choice_type":"single"}268{"question":"Which of the following are the predominant connective tissue cells of the periodontal Ligament?","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"Cementoblasts","opb":"Fibroblasts","opc":"Osteoblasts","opd":"Rests of Malassez","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"01731260-fa5c-45ae-bbf3-5aed1b1cb9b9","choice_type":"single"}269{"question":"Which of the following is characterized by Apple Jelly Nodules?","exp":"Granulomatous skin diseases may have a characteristic appearance under diascopy, such as in lupus\u00a0vulgaris (cutaneous tuberculosis), in which \u2018apple jelly nodules\u2019\u00a0are typically seen on diascopy.\nRef: Davidson Ed 23 Pg 1214","cop":2,"opa":"Scrofula","opb":"Lupus vulgaris","opc":"Ghon\u2019s focus","opd":"Ghon's complex","subject_name":"Medicine","topic_name":null,"id":"315212cd-d605-4f61-8d4e-535ef7847059","choice_type":"single"}270{"question":"A 50 years okl smoker and hypeensive was diagnose to have non-small cell lung carcinoma with brain metastases. He is on enalapril and hydrochlorothiazide for hypeension. On investigation, he had a serum Sodium 120 mg\/dl|, Urinary Sodium ll0 mg\/dl, Serum creatinine 0.8 mg\/dL, Serum osmolarity 285 mOsm\/L, Urinary osmolarity 35l mOsm\/L, Urinary K+ 9 mg\/dl, Blood sugar ll2 mgldL and BP of 150\/90 mm Hg. Which of the following is the mnst probable cause for his hyponatremia?","exp":"Answer-C. SIADHHyponatremia is a common electrolyte abnormality in cancer patients, and SIADH is the most common cause among patients with cancer.The term SIADH is applied to conditions with vasopressin excess.Vasopressin excess is termed inappropriate as this increase occurs despite decreased plasma osmolality.Increased vasopressin acts on renal tubules, resulting in increased absorption of water (increased total body water), concentrated urinec and decreasing serum osmolalityEUR and hyponatremiao.Edema does not occur despite increased total body waterg (due to unknown reasons)-Clinical euvolemia","cop":3,"opa":"Cerebral salt wasting","opb":"Diuretic induced","opc":"SIADH","opd":"Pseudohyponatremia","subject_name":"Medicine","topic_name":null,"id":"e37f2652-5ce3-4373-88b7-e78460690f57","choice_type":"multi"}271{"question":"A 40 year male complaining of hot flushes each time he baths. Hb: 20%gm, Platelet: 89,000\/mL, WBC: 30,000\/mL, Investigation revealed JAK2 mutation. What is the most likely diagnosis?","exp":"diagnosis Polycythemia Vera Polycythemia | platelet | WBL | | RBC | JAK2 mutation Polycythemia Vera | WBC | Basohils | histamine release - contribute to hot flushes or itching Every time patient takes bath (aquagenic pruritis) impoant diagnostic feature: Serum erythropoietin level below normal. Impoant diagnostic feature: Serum erythropoietin level below normal. Rx=Hydroxyurea Cells count control Option A- PMF Should show SplenoHepatomegaly Pancytopenia No TLC RBC drop mentioned Option B- CML ||| WBL upto 1 lakh Jak2 must along with bcr-abl fusion transcription present. Option D- Essential thrombocytosis Leads to |only platelet count initially other counts will increase Later significant increase in platelet count upto 5-6 lakh approx.: less in our of answer.","cop":3,"opa":"PMF","opb":"CML","opc":"PCV","opd":"Essential thrombocytosis","subject_name":"Medicine","topic_name":"AIIMS 2019","id":"710d1f09-b5eb-46b7-b5b7-801b1ebe3341","choice_type":"single"}272{"question":"A 55- year old diabetic patient presents with transient obscuration in vision for 2-3 days followed by sudden loss of vision. Which of the following would be the best test to evaluate the symptoms?","exp":"Answer- D. Serum creatinine levelsDM can lead to both retinopathy and nephropathy, Serum creatinine levels would be the best for kidney function and evaluation of patient symptoms.","cop":4,"opa":"Serum ACE levels","opb":"Quantiferon-Gold TB test","opc":"Elevated homocysteine levels","opd":"Serum creatinine levels","subject_name":"Medicine","topic_name":null,"id":"e59188f6-856a-4300-a2fa-176a8a1b030a","choice_type":"single"}273{"question":"One of the most common side effects of phenytoin is","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Gingival Hyperplasia","opb":"Gingival Necrosis","opc":"Dental stains","opd":"Hypertension","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"54d61676-f03f-4c52-a706-26481e10ec98","choice_type":"single"}274{"question":"A 38-years old patient who had a total abdominal hysterectomy presents 2 months postop complaining of leakage of urine from the vagina. On examination, no fistula can be identified. Dilute methylene blue (100mL) is injected into the bladder through a Foley catheter and a tampon is placed in the vagina. The patient is asked to walk for about 15 minutes, after which the patient is found to be wet, but there is no blue stain anywhere on the tampon. Which of the following is true:-","exp":"Methylene blue Swab Test-- A catheter is introduced into the bladder through the urethra, The vaginal cavity is packed with three sterile swabs, 50-100 mL of dilute methylene blue dye is injected into the bladder through the catheter. If there is a VVF present, the methylene blue dye stains the uppermost swab.If the lowermost swab gets stained, the leak is from the urethra--> urethrovaginal fistula Swabs do not take up the stain, but get wet with urine, the leak is from the ureter-->ureterovaginal fistula","cop":3,"opa":"100mL was probably not enough methylene blue, and the test should be repeated with a higher volume","opb":"The patient probably has stress incontinence not a fistula","opc":"The patient probably has a ureterovaginal fistula","opd":"The patient most likely has small apical vesicovaginal fistula that was too small to leak the dye in 15 minutes","subject_name":"Gynaecology & Obstetrics","topic_name":"AIIMS 2018","id":"92f20736-5ed3-4785-928d-5a4bdaf622a1","choice_type":"multi"}275{"question":"Freedom of centric relation correlates with","exp":null,"cop":3,"opa":"0.15 - 1.5 mm","opb":"0.20 - 0.40 mm","opc":"0.5 to 1.5 mm","opd":"1 to 2 mmm","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"39ddbf97-8946-4e0b-9236-156755b4b31f","choice_type":"single"}276{"question":"Ganglionic transmission is mediated by:","exp":"Ans: D .Postsynaptic nicotinic receptors(Ref: Goodman Gilman 13\/e p108, 12Ie p255; Katzung 13Ie p108, 12\/e p98).Ganglionic transmission is mediated by nicotinic receptors present post-synaptically.Nicotinic acetylcholine (ACh) receptor mediates neurotransmission post-synaptically at the neuromuscular junction and peripheral autonomic ganglia.In CNS, controls release of neurotransmitters from presynaptic sites.The receptor is called the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor - Due to both alkaloid nicotine & neurotransmitter ACh can stimulate the receptor.","cop":4,"opa":"Presynaptic alpha-receptors","opb":"Postsynaptic beta-receptors","opc":"Postsynaptic dopaminergic receptors","opd":"Postsynaptic nicotinic receptors","subject_name":"Pharmacology","topic_name":null,"id":"100d2a31-8f28-4500-99c9-67690fe15625","choice_type":"single"}277{"question":"Which of the following is not an example of a syndrome caused by uniparental disomy?","exp":"Answer- D. Bloom syndromeUniparental disomy is the term used when both chromosome of a pair of chromosome is a person with normal number of chromosome, have been inherited from only one parent (Normally one chromosome of a pair is inherited from only one parent).The two chromosomes inherited from the same parent maybe identical (Uniparental isodisomy) or different (Uniparental heterodisomy).In Uniparental isodisomy, both chromosomes in the pair are identical; consequently the genes on both chromosomes are also identical.Angelman syndrome, Prader-Willi syndrome and Russell-Silver syndrome are ossociated with uniparental disomy.","cop":4,"opa":"Prader-Willi syndrome","opb":"Angelman syndrome","opc":"Russell-Silver syndrome","opd":"Bloom syndrome","subject_name":"Pediatrics","topic_name":null,"id":"c86f02db-18ea-4ef1-a03a-1bee6d661c7b","choice_type":"single"}278{"question":"One of the many mechanisms of adverse events is its increased binding to secondary targets, usually proteins. With respect to the primary target, the secondary target:","exp":"Ans. b. Should have similar binding sites (Ref: vvww'plosone'org)Secondary site compared to the primary site has the same sequence of binding site.","cop":2,"opa":"Should be present in the same tissue as the primary target","opb":"Should have similar binding sites","opc":"Should have absolutely identical secondary structure","opd":"Should have a similar primary structure","subject_name":"Pharmacology","topic_name":null,"id":"6e09a527-f1c4-4c9b-973b-aa93392f3f75","choice_type":"multi"}279{"question":"School based dental health care for whole country is adopted by which of the following country?","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"USA","opb":"NewZealand","opc":"Sweden","opd":"Australia","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"aff4bd90-ab90-45b7-8ef7-2b02c25da7ad","choice_type":"single"}280{"question":"Postrenal transplant patient presents with diarrhoea after 3 months; it was showing organism measuring 2-6 micron meter and kinoyn stain positive. Most likely it is caused by:","exp":"Ans. d. Cryptosporidium hominisOppounistic infections are extremely common post-transplant in the period staing from 1 month post-transplant to 6 months post-transplant.Clostridium difficle is usually seen within 1 month post-transplant because of profound antibiotic use.Kinoyn stain (Modified acid fast) positivity rules out Balantidium.Now it is between cryptosporidium vs cycloisospora. Size (smaller i.e., 2-6 microns) tells us that the organism is undoubtedly cryptosporidium hominis (previously parvum).","cop":4,"opa":"Balantidium coli","opb":"Clostridium difficile","opc":"Cystoisospora belli","opd":"Cryptosporidium hominis","subject_name":"Microbiology","topic_name":null,"id":"f7469b1f-dda2-476a-9b27-312a080e0c8a","choice_type":"single"}281{"question":"Iron entry into enterocytes occurs which of the following?","exp":"GI Luminal non-heme iron is mostly in the Fe3+ (ferric) state and must first be reduced to Fe2+ ferrous) iron by ferrireductases, such as b cytochromes and STEAP3. Fe2+ iron is then transpoed across the apical membrane of enterocytes by divalent metal transpoer-1 (DMT1).","cop":1,"opa":"DMT-1","opb":"Ferropoin","opc":"Transferrin","opd":"Hepcidin","subject_name":"Pathology","topic_name":"AIIMS 2019","id":"40a69530-6238-4f33-8003-86d143d6de77","choice_type":"single"}282{"question":"An elderly male patient presented with fever, chest pain, and dry coughp; sputum culture showed growth on Charcoal Yeast Extract Medium, the organism is","exp":null,"cop":3,"opa":"H. influenza","opb":"Moraxella catarrhalis","opc":"Legionella","opd":"Burkholderia cepacia","subject_name":"Microbiology","topic_name":null,"id":"8e686bff-ca17-4507-89bc-cce7d6ab9e7f","choice_type":"single"}283{"question":"Ashley-Howe model analysis is used to predict:","exp":null,"cop":3,"opa":"Tooth material excess","opb":"Maxillo-mandibular relationships","opc":"Basal bone-transverse relationship","opd":"Growth prediction","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"3146c248-2dd4-4888-99c9-bafda2fa1ec7","choice_type":"single"}284{"question":"A neonate on routine examination at bih was found to have hepatomegaly. Rest of the examination was essentially unremarkable. On investigations, Anti-HCMV antibodies were found to be positive. What sequelae in later life is the child at risk of?","exp":"Ans: D. Sensorineural hearing loss (Ref: (Ghai 8\/e p272 ; Nelson 20\/e p 592-1594)Positive human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) antibodies at bih - Suggestive of congenital asymptomatic CMV infection.Symptomatic child at increased risk a Develops mental retardation.Asymptomatic child is at as high as 7% risk a Develop sensorineural hearing loss.Congenital CMV infection:Characteristic signs & symptoms:Clinically manifested infections - Intrauterine growth restriction, prematurity, hepatosplenomegaly, jaundice, blueberry muffin--like rash, thrombocytopenia and purpura, microcephaly & intracranial calcifications.Neurologic problems:Chorioretinitis, sensorineural hearing loss & mild increases in cerebrospinal fluid protein.","cop":4,"opa":"Renal failure","opb":"Mental retardation","opc":"Hepatic fibrosis","opd":"Sensorineural hearing loss","subject_name":"Pediatrics","topic_name":null,"id":"913d6913-f5de-41a9-8159-d7ac61d57c47","choice_type":"multi"}285{"question":"Patient is a known case of epilepsy, taking levetiracetam 1 gm BD. He is now seizure free from 2 years but he developed agitation and anger issues interfering with day to day activities as a result of the drug intake. What should be the next best step?","exp":"Answer- C. Slowly taper the drug over next 6 monthsStopping or switching an antiepileptic is based on seizure free period & compliance or adverse effects of the drug.Withdrawal of therapy should be gradual over 2-3 monlhs, in the question 6 months. Anti-epileptic drug therapy shouldnever he stopped abruptly. Even if new drug is to be added\/replaced, the previous drug should be gradually stoppedotherwise it can lead to breakthrough seizures.","cop":3,"opa":"Stop levetiracetam and sta on a different antiepileptic","opb":"Discontinue the drug as he is seizure free","opc":"Slowly taper the drug over next 6 months","opd":"Continue levetiracetam since a 5-year seizure free interval is needed","subject_name":"Pharmacology","topic_name":null,"id":"c1069842-8261-4a97-b1bb-5faeaacc6435","choice_type":"multi"}286{"question":"Which of the following statements regarding the National Programme for Non-communicable diseases-Cancer, Diabetes, Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and stroke (NPCDCS) is true?","exp":"Ans. c. Coronary care unit and cancer care facility to be established at the district level hospital (Ref: NPCDCS Operational Guidelines, DGHS, GOI, Page 6)The NPCDCS program has two components viz. (i) Cancer and (ii) Diabetes, CVDs and Stroke.","cop":3,"opa":"The plan is to implement the programme in 10 districts across the 5 states during 2010-2012","opb":"The diagnosis or treatment of non-communicable diseases to be carried out at the subcentre level","opc":"Coronary care unit and cancer care facility to be established at the district level hospital","opd":"All the components of the programme to be addressed separately- cancer, diabetes, CVD and stroke","subject_name":"Social & Preventive Medicine","topic_name":null,"id":"60485d84-b6cd-4796-984a-9432906a4585","choice_type":"multi"}287{"question":"Contractile element in myofibril is:","exp":null,"cop":3,"opa":"H band","opb":"Sarcoplasm","opc":"Sarcomere","opd":"A line","subject_name":"Physiology","topic_name":null,"id":"7f3f6968-3304-4039-89b0-eebab7f702b4","choice_type":"single"}288{"question":"All of the following complications are more common in ventouse assisted delivery than forceps except:","exp":"Answer- D. Transient lateral rectus palsyTransient lateral rectus palsy is more common inforceps assisted delivery.Subgaleal hemonhage, cephalhematoma and intracranial hemonhage are more common in ventouse assisted delivery.","cop":4,"opa":"Subgaleal hemorrhage","opb":"Cephalhematoma","opc":"Intracranial hemorrhage","opd":"Transient lateral rectus palsy","subject_name":"Surgery","topic_name":null,"id":"69bd9d80-fa4f-45f8-963d-aaef80a18d46","choice_type":"multi"}289{"question":"All of the following are true about aspiration pneumonia except:","exp":"Answer- B.Fungal infection is the common cause of pneumoniaMixed polymicrobial infection involving both aerobes and anaerobes are the common cause of aspiration pneumonia, not the fungal infection.Incidence: It is common and may account for up to 15% of patients with community-acquired pneumonia.Gastric pH of 2.5 or less with a gastric contents volume greater than 25 ml are critical values for causing aspiration pneumonia.The posterior segments of the upper lobe and apical segments of lower lobes are most commonly involved when aspiration occurs in a supine position.The basal segments of the lower lobes are usually affected in patients who aspirate in an upright or semirecumbent position.","cop":2,"opa":"Aspiration of 20-30 mL of contents with pH < 2.5 is required","opb":"Fungal infection is the common cause of pneumonia","opc":"Posterior segment of the right upper lobe is most commonly affected in the recumbent position","opd":"Aspiration responsible for 5-15% of community acquired pneumonia","subject_name":"Medicine","topic_name":null,"id":"3e76b92d-f48f-4a2f-98ed-d97420a71e53","choice_type":"multi"}290{"question":"Which of the following is not associated with haemorrhage?","exp":null,"cop":3,"opa":"Ecchymosis","opb":"Petechiae","opc":"Melanosis","opd":"Purpura","subject_name":"Pathology","topic_name":null,"id":"783aaf31-fd64-4f4e-aa67-93c00cb407ad","choice_type":"single"}291{"question":"Dapsone is used for treatment of bacterial and fungal infections as well as for immunomodulatory actions. What is mechanism of dapsone for these indication?","exp":"Sulfonamides (including Dapsone and PAS) : Competitively inhibit folic acid synthase enzyme as these are PABA analogues. Trimethoprim, Pyrimethamine : Inhibit Dihydro folate reductase enzyme (DHFRase). Inhibition of ergosterol in cell membrane (in fungus and leishmania): Amphotericin B.","cop":4,"opa":"Inhibition of cell wall synthesis","opb":"Inhibition of ergosterol in cell membranes","opc":"Inhibition of protein synthesis","opd":"Competition with PABA in folic acid synthesis","subject_name":"Pharmacology","topic_name":"AIIMS 2018","id":"bb46d4ce-440a-4cea-ab6f-75ce99cdd3aa","choice_type":"multi"}292{"question":"In processing methyl methacrylate, the resin may show porosity if the flask is placed too soon. Porosity most likely occur","exp":null,"cop":3,"opa":"Throughout the denture","opb":"Near the borders","opc":"In the thickest part","opd":"On the denture surface","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"0c826104-685f-4601-beb6-d9d102c15cbd","choice_type":"single"}293{"question":"Pre-maxillary hard palate is supplied by which nerve","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Nasopalatine nerve","opb":"Pharyngeal branch of glossopharyngeal nerve","opc":"Greater palatine nerve","opd":"Tensor palatine nerve","subject_name":"Anatomy","topic_name":null,"id":"afb560a9-453f-43f9-b0d8-8e54519d46a6","choice_type":"single"}294{"question":"23 serotypes pneumococcal vaccine Most useful in","exp":"Ans-D. Sickle cell anaemia* PPSV23 (Pneumovax or Pnu-Immune) is the most widely available formulation and contains 23 pneumococcal polysaccharides* A single dose of the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) is indicated for adults (ages 19 to 64 years)* Vaccination with both PCV13 and PPSV23 is indicated in individuals with impaired splenic function for eg- Sickle cell disease or other hemoglobinopathy","cop":4,"opa":"Cystic fibrosis","opb":"Recurrent otitis media & sinusitis","opc":"Child less than 2 years","opd":"Sickle cell anaemia","subject_name":"Microbiology","topic_name":null,"id":"44483815-3319-493d-b156-d3663a4d61a1","choice_type":"single"}295{"question":"Fourth generation apex locater based on","exp":null,"cop":4,"opa":"Resistance","opb":"lmpedence","opc":"Frequency","opd":"Multiple frequency ratio","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"55028fba-fc8a-4c77-ad53-33e7cebc34e6","choice_type":"single"}296{"question":"Biopsy specimens removed for examinations are immediately placed in:","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"10% ethanol","opb":"10% formalin","opc":"Hydrogen peroxide","opd":"1% formalin","subject_name":"Surgery","topic_name":null,"id":"99ebfb54-f46f-4053-8ef1-3c931d657bdb","choice_type":"single"}297{"question":"True open bite is caused by","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Horizontal fracture of the maxilla","opb":"Unilateral fracture of mandibular angle","opc":"Fracture of the coronoid process of left side of mandible","opd":"Fracture of mandibular symphysis","subject_name":"Surgery","topic_name":null,"id":"8c65bc28-e274-4579-a200-6e26782878df","choice_type":"multi"}298{"question":"Greatest potential hazard of mercury toxicity occurs due to:","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"Skin contact with mercury","opb":"Inhalation of mercury vapours","opc":"During amalgam restoration","opd":"Ingestion of amalgam scrap during removal","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"f3022374-f442-471a-b015-f438366b61e3","choice_type":"single"}299{"question":"Which of the following is an indiction for tonsillectomy \u2013a) Rheumatic feverb) Glomerulonephritisc) Recurrent upper respiratory infectiond) Persistent carrier of diptheria bacilli","exp":"Indications of tonsillectomy \n\nRecurrent sore throat \u2014\u203a If more than six attacks of tonsillitis in a year for two consecutive years.\nTonsillar or peritonsillar abscess\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 o Retention cyst of tonsil\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 o Diphtheria carriers\nTonsillolith\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 o Suspicious malignancy\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 o Obustructive sleep apnea","cop":2,"opa":"ab","opb":"cd","opc":"bd","opd":"ac","subject_name":"Pediatrics","topic_name":null,"id":"fd315adc-df4b-4a81-895b-6f093eeb71b2","choice_type":"single"}300{"question":"Which of the following is not an effect of efferent aeriole constriction :","exp":"Constriction of efferent aeriole has biphasic effect on GFR. At moderate levels of constriction, It increases glomerular hydrostatic pressure resulting in increasing GFR If efferent aeriolar constriction is severe; It decreases renal blood flow; filtration fraction & glomerular colloid osmotic pressure increases as efferent aeriolar resistance increases resulting in colloid osmotic pressure exceeds increase in glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure resulting in decrease in GFR. Blood from efferent aerioles enter peritubular capillaries, so if efferent aeriole is constricted, less blood enters peritubular capillaries, which results in increase in oncotic pressure in peri tubular capillaries.","cop":1,"opa":"Decreased GFR","opb":"Increased glomerular hydrostatic pressure","opc":"Decreased blood flow in peritubular vessels","opd":"Increased oncotic pressure in peritubular vessels","subject_name":"Physiology","topic_name":"AIIMS 2017","id":"9c176b2e-017d-4b57-902a-3637bdf4dff8","choice_type":"single"}301{"question":"Cleft lip is due to non-union of","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Maxillary process with MNP","opb":"MNP - LNP","opc":"MNP - MNP","opd":"All of the above","subject_name":"Surgery","topic_name":null,"id":"72d687b1-942c-421b-9ba3-e6bc9312161e","choice_type":"multi"}302{"question":"Sickle cell anemia is a -","exp":"Answer- c- point mutation.Sickle-cell anemia is caused by a point mutation in the b-globin chain of hemoglobin, causing the hydrophilic amino acid glutamic acid to be replaced with the hydrophobic amino acid valine at the sixth position.It is caused by a point mutation (Base substitution mutation) at the sixth position of the b-globin chain leading to subsitution of a valine residue for a glutamic acid residue resulting in sickle hemoglobin (HbS).Sickle cell anemia is an autosomal recessive disorder.","cop":3,"opa":"Gene deletion","opb":"Gene modification","opc":"Point mutation","opd":"Frame shift mutation","subject_name":"Biochemistry","topic_name":null,"id":"4bfec2de-e6e7-41c6-bbe9-3dc864f9d719","choice_type":"single"}303{"question":"All are true about widal test except","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"Base lines differ depending on the endemicity of the disease","opb":"O antibodies last longer and hence is not indicative of recent infection","opc":"H antigen cannot differentiate between subtypes","opd":"High titre value in a single widal test is not confirmative","subject_name":"Microbiology","topic_name":null,"id":"a18a805c-102a-4493-9a14-9fef1f17862f","choice_type":"multi"}304{"question":"What is the name of the given instrument, used for harvesting the graft from healthy area in split thickness skin graft?","exp":"Humby Knife A knife with a roller attached, used for cutting skin grafts of varying thickness The distance between the roller and blade of knife can be varied by means of a calibration device.","cop":4,"opa":"Dermatome","opb":"Silver's knife","opc":"Catlin amputating knife","opd":"Humby knife","subject_name":"Surgery","topic_name":"AIIMS 2018","id":"cb8ad6b2-009b-443e-9237-85b46e3a87a5","choice_type":"single"}305{"question":"A person working in an abattoir presented with a papule on hand, which turned in to an ulcer. Which will best help in diagnosis","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Polychrome Methylene blue","opb":"Carbol Fuschin","opc":"Acid Fast Stain","opd":"Calcoflour White","subject_name":"Microbiology","topic_name":null,"id":"56176afa-3442-46be-9cdc-c8e569a72d04","choice_type":"single"}306{"question":"A midwife at a PHC did per vaginal examination of a women in labor with 8 cm cervical dilation and 70% cervical effacement with the fetal head at +1 station. This +1 station implies the position of fetal head is-","exp":"Answer-B. 1 cm below the ischial spineStation describes descent of the fetal biparietal diameter in relation to a line drawn between maternal ischial spines. Thus+1 station implies fetal head is 1 cm below the ischial spine.","cop":2,"opa":"1 cm above the ischial spine","opb":"1 cm below the ischial spine","opc":"At the level of ischial spine","opd":"1 cm below the cervical os","subject_name":"Gynaecology & Obstetrics","topic_name":null,"id":"6e9406e3-faad-4e92-b1e5-3b21190db3d8","choice_type":"multi"}307{"question":"High content of cholesterol is present in:","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"Coconut oil","opb":"Egg yolk","opc":"Hydrogenated fat","opd":"Ghee (unsaturated)","subject_name":"Biochemistry","topic_name":null,"id":"7a4da866-2f41-4510-aa28-0dabdf6d0d38","choice_type":"single"}308{"question":"Tooth with smallest root","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Mandibular central incisor","opb":"Mandibular lateral incisor","opc":"Maxillary lateral incisor","opd":"Maxillary 1st premolar","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"24a53b0f-d1b7-4ef8-8b9c-1d3b857aa413","choice_type":"multi"}309{"question":"The function of a sprue is to","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Form an opening for molten metal to enter the mold","opb":"Help polish cast restorations","opc":"Eliminate air bubbles on the wax pattern","opd":"Reproduce fine detail","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"7ddf1f3b-5c7c-4f2d-b208-f01ea72e1a70","choice_type":"single"}310{"question":"Access cavity of mandibular 1st molar is:","exp":"1st choice for access cavity preparation in mandibular 1st molar is trapezoidal.\n2nd choice is rounded\u00a0triangle.","cop":2,"opa":"Oval","opb":"Rounded triangle","opc":"Rhomboid","opd":"None of the above","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"d8178128-49db-4790-aa08-7c49e8e7ad5f","choice_type":"multi"}311{"question":"A pier abutment is:","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"Periodontally weak abutment","opb":"With an edentulous space on mesial and distal sides of the abutment","opc":"Edentulous space on one side of the abutment","opd":"Abutment adjacent to edentulous space","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"e9f104f9-2231-4a49-b5a6-983ca6e08c49","choice_type":"multi"}312{"question":"According to the new RNTCP guidelines, the following is not a suspect of tuberculosis","exp":"Ans: A. Confirmed extra-pulmonary tuberculosis patient with cough of 2 weeks or more(Ref: Park 24\/e p188-189, 23\/e p178: 22\/e p 168; htip:\/\/tbcindia.nic.in)A contact of confirmed extra-pulmonary tuberculosis patient - TB suspect.If persistent cough of any duration (2 weeks is not required).TB suspects:Pulmonary TB Suspect:Defined as:Any individual having cough of >2 weeks.Contacts of smear positive TB patients having cough of any duration.Suspected\/confirmed extra-pulmonary TB patient having cough of any duration.HIV-positive patient having cough of any duration.MDR-TB Suspect:Any TB patient who fails an RNTCP Category failing I or III treatment regimen.Any RNTCP Category II patient with sputum smear positive at end of 4th month of treatment or later.Close contacts of MDR-TB patients with smear positive pulmonary TB.","cop":1,"opa":"Confirmed extra-pulmonary tuberculosis patient with cough of 2 weeks or more","opb":"HIV-positive patient with cough of any duration","opc":"Contacts of sputum positive tuberculosis patient with cough of any duration","opd":"Any individual having cough of duration 2 weeks or more","subject_name":"Social & Preventive Medicine","topic_name":null,"id":"2902efec-b01a-417c-94b9-406e94662f27","choice_type":"single"}313{"question":"All are topical hemostatic agents except?","exp":"Ans. D. Fixclot Topical hemostatic agents are used when surgical hemostasis is inadequate or impractical. The majority of routine, elective operations are performed in patients with normal hemostasis and with minimal blood loss.The two main categories of topical hemostatic agents are physical agents, which promote hemostasis using a passive substrate, and biologically active agents, which enhance coagulation at the bleeding site","cop":4,"opa":"Bone wax & patty","opb":"HemCon bandage","opc":"Quikclot","opd":"Fixclot","subject_name":"Pharmacology","topic_name":null,"id":"6d426ea7-e119-4b5f-be99-1e36084c332c","choice_type":"multi"}314{"question":"Which of the following pulp horn of primary molar is commonly exposed during restorative procedures:","exp":"The mesiobuccal pulphorn of permanent maxillary 1st molar is commonly exposed during cavity preparation.\nMesiolingual pulphorn of permanent mandibular 1st molar is commonly exposed during cavity preparation.\nMesiobuccal pulphorn of primary 1st molars is commonly exposed during restorative procedures on primary molars.","cop":1,"opa":"Mesiobuccal puplhorn of 1st molars.","opb":"Distobuccal pulp horn of 1st molars.","opc":"Mesiobuccal pulp horn of 2nd molars.","opd":"Distobuccal pulp horn of 2nd molars.","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"e21be124-85de-4313-bc26-ff82218fce73","choice_type":"single"}315{"question":"Rate of Dentinal fluid permeability depends on all except?","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Temperature variation","opb":"Pressure gradient across dentinal tubule","opc":"Increase viscosity of dentinal fluid","opd":"Rate of removal of substances by blood vessels","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"70069985-3660-4a24-b55c-c689592bc9a3","choice_type":"multi"}316{"question":"Extraction of disto-angular impaction of mandibular 3rd molar can cause:","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"Slippage in lingual pouch","opb":"# of ramus of mandible","opc":"Excessive Haemorrhage","opd":"Dry socket","subject_name":"Surgery","topic_name":null,"id":"45d2b684-c55a-400b-ab09-76ee3a9ba64b","choice_type":"single"}317{"question":"Acetazolamide is given to a patient of angle closure glaucoma. It is a non- competitive inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase enzyme. Which of the following should be the effect of this drug?","exp":"Enzyme inhibition is of 3 types: Type of inhibition Km Vmax Competitive inhibition Increases No change Non competitive inhibition No change Decreases Uncompetitive inhibition Decreases Decreases In question non competitive inhibitor is given, so answer is decrease in Vmax.","cop":1,"opa":"Decrease in Vmax","opb":"Decrease in Km","opc":"Decrease in both Km and Vmax","opd":"No change in Vmax","subject_name":"Pharmacology","topic_name":"AIIMS 2018","id":"1b18ac4d-8101-48f1-bcc9-b53391c550ab","choice_type":"multi"}318{"question":"Which of the following does not require 5'capping?","exp":"Ans: A. tRNA of alanineSmall nuclear RNAs contain a unique 5'-caps. Sm-class snRNAs are found with 5'-trimethylguanosine caps, while Lsm-class snRNAs are found with S'-monomethyl phosphate caps.mRNAs do have a 7-methylguanylate cap, abbreted m7G.tRNAs and rRNAs don't require 5' capping. They have other modifications.","cop":1,"opa":"tRNA of alanine","opb":"mRNA for histone","opc":"U6 snRNA","opd":"siRNA","subject_name":"Biochemistry","topic_name":null,"id":"535bf03d-8714-46a8-84a0-13bf499129f7","choice_type":"single"}319{"question":"Peau d'orange in carcinoma breast is due to:","exp":"Ans: A. Obstruction of sub-dermal lymphaticsPeau-d-orange is due to cutaneous lymphatic edema.Caused by obstruction of subdermal lymphatics. As the disease advances locally there may be skin involvement with peau d'orange or frank ulceration and fixation to the chest wall. This is described as cancer-en-cuirasse when the disease progresses around the chest wall.","cop":1,"opa":"Obstruction of sub-dermal lymphatics","opb":"Infiltration of Cooper's ligament","opc":"Hematogenous dissemination","opd":"Hematogenous dissemination","subject_name":"Surgery","topic_name":null,"id":"965fa6a2-969e-4b51-bdb7-934a02c809f6","choice_type":"single"}320{"question":"True about adult polycystic kidney disease is all, except:","exp":"Hypertension is common in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. It is present in 75% of adult patients and 25% of children.","cop":2,"opa":"Autosomal dominant inheritance","opb":"Hypertension is rare","opc":"Can be associated with cysts in liver, lungs and pancreas","opd":"Pyelonephritis is common","subject_name":"Pathology","topic_name":null,"id":"90c2699f-da32-4a4a-ade8-afc27e0cba3e","choice_type":"multi"}321{"question":"Propranolol is drug of choice for -","exp":"Ans. A. Ulcerated infantile hemangiomaRef: <a href=\" hemangiomas (IHs) are the most common benign pediatric soft-tissue tumors.<\/li>Ulceration--the most frequent complication of IH--tends to heal poorly and is associated with pain, bleeding, infection, and scarring.Mainstay treatment modalities include propranolol (b-blocker) and coicosteroids, whose effectiveness is countered by a need for long-term medication and risk of systemic adverse effects and ulcer recurrence.","cop":1,"opa":"Ulcerated infantile hemangioma","opb":"Lymphangioma","opc":"Pyogenic granuloma","opd":"Capillary malformation","subject_name":"Pharmacology","topic_name":null,"id":"59ade17d-2139-4c4b-b0b5-ec6d6cf3c073","choice_type":"single"}322{"question":"During pregnancy baby can be affected in utero in all except:","exp":"In case of polio only feco-oral transmission is known, no placental transmission has been reported yet\nAll other disease mentioned may be transmitted to fetus by mother\nI am in doubt about candida, because although congenital candidiasis can occur, the mode of transmission is not transplacental but ascending infection from external genitals of mother or during parturition.\nBut as far as the answer is concerned it is undoubtedly \u201cPOLIO\u201d.","cop":4,"opa":"Candida","opb":"Syphilis","opc":"Toxoplasmosis","opd":"Polio","subject_name":"Gynaecology & Obstetrics","topic_name":null,"id":"a28aea2d-6784-4a02-bd4c-90cb24e64c77","choice_type":"multi"}323{"question":"Long term assessment of glucose control can be made by:","exp":null,"cop":4,"opa":"Estimation of post prandial blood sugar","opb":"Estimation of fasting blood sugar","opc":"Estimation of urine sugar level","opd":"Estimation of blood level of glycosylated hemoglobin","subject_name":"Medicine","topic_name":null,"id":"8a85e4e4-e42b-41a9-87e2-6f8e7105262c","choice_type":"single"}324{"question":"Mosaic pattern of bone is seen in radiographic features of:","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"Fibrous dysplasia","opb":"Paget's disease","opc":"Osteopetrosis","opd":"Osteogenesis imperfecta","subject_name":"Pathology","topic_name":null,"id":"82e0c97f-b421-4836-a0ec-602fb1045910","choice_type":"single"}325{"question":"Fourth generation meth-acrylate based resin sealer include?","exp":null,"cop":4,"opa":"Endorez","opb":"Resilon","opc":"Hydron","opd":"Real Seal E","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"a2a5e8a4-ab54-45c1-b50b-5cd81d4f5af8","choice_type":"single"}326{"question":"Maternal moality ratio expressed in:-","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"Maternal death per 10,000 lives","opb":"Maternal death per 100,000 lives","opc":"Maternal death per 1,000,000 lives","opd":"Maternal death per 100 lives","subject_name":"Gynaecology & Obstetrics","topic_name":"AIIMS 2018","id":"e45de5c9-41f3-4aed-a77a-9a1cc3ee63db","choice_type":"single"}327{"question":"Which induction anaesthetic agent has antiemetic effect?","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"etomidate","opb":"propofol","opc":"thiopentone","opd":"ketamine","subject_name":"Pharmacology","topic_name":null,"id":"698d05f7-bd3d-4df6-a17f-e78e207ff835","choice_type":"single"}328{"question":"A 10 year old boy following a road traffic accident presents to the casualty with contaminated wound over the left leg. He has received his com- plete primary immunization before preschool age and received a booster of DT at school entry age. All of following can be done except :","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"Injection of TT","opb":"Injection of human antiserum","opc":"Broad spectrum antibiotics","opd":"Wound debridement and cleaning","subject_name":"Microbiology","topic_name":null,"id":"9a5e8865-e37c-41af-a902-1c10423dbdd4","choice_type":"multi"}329{"question":"In Myocardial infarction, the major pathology is","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"Ischemia caused by dynamic obstruction of a coronary artery.","opb":"Myocardial necrosis caused by acute occlusion of a coronary artery.","opc":"Ischemia due to fixed atheromatous stenosis of one or more coronal artery.","opd":"Altered conduction due to ischemia or infarction.","subject_name":"Medicine","topic_name":null,"id":"148f5ca1-0e61-4e4a-a19a-47df89cb1689","choice_type":"single"}330{"question":"Localized Juvenile Periodontitis- primary pathogen is","exp":null,"cop":4,"opa":"Acinobacillus Actinomycetemcomitans","opb":"Prevotella intermedia","opc":"Mycoplasma","opd":"all the above","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"dee8c0a8-bcc0-4f67-815f-4a7b1c0963bc","choice_type":"multi"}331{"question":"A male child with Fanconi syndrome with nephrocalcinosis has a variant of dent disease. All are true except :","exp":"Dent's disease :\n\nDent's disease, a familial proximal tubular syndrome, is an X-linked recessive disorder of proximal tubules characterized by :\n\n\nHypercalciuria and nephrocalcinosis and nephrolithiasis.\nLow-molecular-weight proteinuria.\nMetabolic bone disease\/Rickets.\nProgressive renal failure.\nMarked inale predominance.\n\n\nIn addition to above features, other renal proximal tubular defect can cause:\n\n(i) Fanconi syndrome (Aminoaciduria, proteinuria, phosphaturia).\n(i) Glycosuria, uricosuria and kalliuresis.\n(iii) Impaired urinary acidification.\n\nDent's disease occurs due to mutations that inactivate a voltage-gated chloride transporter, CLC-.5. In some cases, it is associated with mutations in the OCRL-1 gene that is also mutated in the oculocerebral syndrome of Lowe. Coming back to question.\nDent's disease is an X-linked renal tubular disorder.\n\n\nX-linked disease cannot be transmitted from male to male i.e., from father to son.","cop":3,"opa":"Hypercalciuria","opb":"Proteinuria","opc":"Similar presentation in father","opd":"Rickets","subject_name":"Pediatrics","topic_name":null,"id":"8b42e1df-196b-4d7a-bbd7-39fe76dee239","choice_type":"multi"}332{"question":"Which of the following is not involved in blood clotting?","exp":null,"cop":4,"opa":"Calcium","opb":"Prothrombin","opc":"Fibrinogen","opd":"Fe+2","subject_name":"Physiology","topic_name":null,"id":"46f87e87-5b3e-465d-ae94-bd65b5f333c2","choice_type":"single"}333{"question":"DNA Methylation is not related with?","exp":"Capping of mRNA in eukaryotes: 7-Methyl Guanosine cap is added at the 5' end of mRNA by enzyme Guanylyl Transferase. So, this is RNA methylation, not DNA. DNA methylation Epigenetic mechanism Transfer of methyl group to C5 position of cytosine to form 5-methyl cytosine. DNA replication Dnmt (DNA methyl transferases) during DNA replication to copy DNA methylation pattern from parental strand to daughter strand Mismatch repair -Identify parent strand with help of CH3","cop":4,"opa":"Mismatch repair","opb":"DNA Replication","opc":"Gene silencing","opd":"Capping","subject_name":"Biochemistry","topic_name":"AIIMS 2020","id":"e62b12e5-0a92-44d3-95b0-33bbf59bd891","choice_type":"single"}334{"question":"While preparing a Class II cavity on a maxillary first molar which of the pulp horns are likely to get exposed:","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Mesiolingual and mesiobuccal","opb":"Distolingual and distobuccal","opc":"Mesiolingual and distobuccal","opd":"Distolingual and mesiobuccal","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"2ef6a0de-c83f-461e-93c9-88f38320bf5e","choice_type":"single"}335{"question":"Additional period required for enamel calcification after eruption into oral cavity","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"1 yr","opb":"2 yr","opc":"3 yr","opd":"4 yr","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"d3629a0f-c519-46c6-bb27-a33adc0ac0fc","choice_type":"single"}336{"question":"All are Gp lIbilIla inhibitors except:","exp":"Ans: A. Prasugrel(Ref Goodman Gilman 13\/e p595, 12\/e p870; Katzung 13\/e p595, 12Ie p612; KDT 7\/e p631)Prasugrel reduce platelet aggregation by inhibiting the ADP pathway of platelets. It irreversibly blocks the ADP receptor on platelets.Targets for platelet inhibitory drugs:Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis (aspirin).Inhibition of ADP- induced platelet aggregation (clopidogrel, prasugrel, ticlopidine).Blockade of glycoprotein Ilb\/IIIa receptors on platelets (abciximab, tirofiban, and eptifibatide). Dipyridamole & cilostazol - Additional antiplatelet drugs.","cop":1,"opa":"Prasugrel","opb":"Abciximab","opc":"Tirofiban","opd":"Eptifibatide","subject_name":"Pharmacology","topic_name":null,"id":"8b72fc76-d0bf-4cd2-b7dc-05d030560c52","choice_type":"multi"}337{"question":"The active principle of white oleander is:","exp":"Ans. b. NerinNerium odorum (white oleander, kanero) grows wild in India.. Seed pod is slim, cylindrical, ribbed, up to l5 cm. long, tums brown, dries and splits, releasing small seeds tipped withbrown hair.. All pas of the plant including nectar are poisonousq.. It contains several cardiac glycosides, primarily:- Oleandrosidee (Oleandrin) and Nerioside (Nerin), both of which resembles digitalis in action- Folinerin- Rosagenin","cop":2,"opa":"Nicotine","opb":"Nerin","opc":"Abrine","opd":"Pilocarpine","subject_name":"Forensic Medicine","topic_name":null,"id":"044e8f11-ca21-4220-9ddc-0fca648ed401","choice_type":"single"}338{"question":"The yellowish white soft sticky deposit loosely adherent\npresent on tooth surface is","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Materia alba","opb":"Food debris","opc":"Plaque","opd":"Calculus","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"743b8121-1201-4592-a552-25cad3198d07","choice_type":"single"}339{"question":"A term gestation newborn developed respiratory distress. Which of the following would favour Respiratory distress syndrome (HIVID) ?","exp":"chest x-ray of an infant with RDS is characterized by atelectasis, air bronchograms, and a diffuse reticular-granular pattern commonly referred to as \"ground glass\". The chest x-ray may progress to a complete \"white out\" with severe disease.\nAbout other options\n\nAntenatal corticosteroids are given in pre-term (pre-mature) pregnancies not in term pregnancies. Further, antenatal corticosteroids are given to prevent RDS (HMD) --> after antenatal corticosteroids administration, risk of HMD is reduced.\nRespiratory distress occurs within first 6 hours.\nHMD occurs in pre-term neonate.","cop":2,"opa":"History of receiving antenatal corticosteroids","opb":"Air bronchogram on chest x\u2013ray","opc":"Onset of distress after 6 hours of birth","opd":"Term birth","subject_name":"Pediatrics","topic_name":null,"id":"55093e71-8916-4f25-9524-9425d51455e1","choice_type":"single"}340{"question":"\u2018Fleur -de- lys\u2019 term is used for:","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Dens invaginatus","opb":"Denticle","opc":"Odontome","opd":"Supernumerary tooth","subject_name":"Pathology","topic_name":null,"id":"4d39dabb-c57f-4a2d-a979-fd4347773e76","choice_type":"single"}341{"question":"Renal feed for CKD patients-","exp":"Answer- C. High calorie low volumeLimiting fluids, eating a low-protein diet, limiting salt, potassium, phosphorous, and other electrolytes, and getting enough calories if you are losing weight.","cop":3,"opa":"Low calorie low volume","opb":"Low calorie high volume","opc":"High calorie low volume","opd":"High calorie high volume","subject_name":"Medicine","topic_name":null,"id":"80066b5e-d621-4912-b7fd-f1e867a9c8d4","choice_type":"single"}342{"question":"Point used as termination of Root canal procedure is","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Apical constriction","opb":"Apical foramen","opc":"Both","opd":"None","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"34f8fb1a-a365-40d0-a804-6b061a9a04f5","choice_type":"multi"}343{"question":"Kwashiorkar , true is","exp":null,"cop":4,"opa":"Deficiency of protein with sufficient calorie intake","opb":"Occurs in children between 6 months and 3 years of age","opc":"Subcutaneous fat preserved but atrophy of different tissues","opd":"All of the above","subject_name":"Biochemistry","topic_name":null,"id":"3c667386-1965-43cd-bbf5-5c573cd2403b","choice_type":"multi"}344{"question":"Lenolin is added in ZOE paste to:","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"Decrease flow","opb":"Increase flow","opc":"Accelerate reaction","opd":"Decrease irritation due to eugenol","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"a9dccfec-0882-4012-aa1b-e74bb18bf47e","choice_type":"single"}345{"question":"Which of the following is not transmitted by lice","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Q fever","opb":"Trench fever","opc":"Relapsing fever","opd":"Epidemic typhus","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"8a8401da-6bcd-46d5-bf27-72371291311e","choice_type":"single"}346{"question":"What will be the oxygen carrying capacity of an 18-year-old patient with a hemoglobin of 14 g\/dL?","exp":"Answer- C. 18Each gram of hemoglobin can bind with a maximum of 1.34 milliliters of oxygen (1.39 milliliters when the hemoglobin is chemically pure, but impurities such as methemoglobin reduce this).Here, Hb = 14.Hence, oxygen carrying capacity: l.34 x 14 = 18 mLO2\/dL","cop":3,"opa":"7","opb":"14","opc":"18","opd":"28","subject_name":"Physiology","topic_name":null,"id":"b9d0ecb7-910b-4740-a744-5e7fa0780a3e","choice_type":"single"}347{"question":"All the following muscles of larynx are supplied by the recurrent laryngeal nerve except:","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"Cricohyoid","opb":"Cricothyroid","opc":"Arytenoid","opd":"Aryepiglotticus","subject_name":"Anatomy","topic_name":null,"id":"2ede6af0-7501-44aa-aa19-39afbe3cf71f","choice_type":"multi"}348{"question":"Which of the following techniques is based on RNA?","exp":"Ans: A. PCRReverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (-PCR) It is a laboratory technique combining reverse transcription of RNA into DNA (in this context called complementary DNA or cDNA) and amplification of specific DNA targets using polymerase chain reaction (PCR).It is primarily used to measure the amount of a specific RNA. This is achieved by monitoring the amplification reaction using fluorescence, a technique called real-time PCR or quantitative PCR (qPCR). Combined -PCR and qPCR are routinely used for the analysis of gene expression and quantification of viral RNA in research and clinical settings.A method used to quantitate mRNA levels that rely upon the first step of cDNA copying of mRNAs catalyzed by reverse transcriptase before PCR amplification and quantitation. Sanger sequencing,Also known as the chain termination method, is a technique for DNA sequencing-based upon the selective incorporation of chain-terminating dideoxynucleotides (ddNTPs) by DNA polymerase during in vitro DNA replication.Next-generation sequencing:Modified methods of genome sequencing. It has significantly reduced the cost and time taken for whole-genome sequencing.It is a technique similar to Sanger sequencing, done on DNA","cop":1,"opa":"PCR","opb":"Sanger's technique","opc":"Next generation sequencing","opd":"Western blot","subject_name":"Biochemistry","topic_name":null,"id":"179b5138-d8ce-4e02-9445-ada73b642671","choice_type":"single"}349{"question":"Minimum concentration of oxygen needed in NO analgesia","exp":null,"cop":3,"opa":"10%","opb":"20%","opc":"30%","opd":"40%","subject_name":"Pharmacology","topic_name":null,"id":"c70d078e-2a95-4779-b8d5-6050a5b58394","choice_type":"single"}350{"question":"In rheumatoid arthritis there is inflammation of:","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"Cartilage","opb":"Synovial membrane","opc":"Sclerosis of joints","opd":"Articular bone","subject_name":"Medicine","topic_name":null,"id":"d2dd3a90-bed4-4897-ab87-50fef0041b29","choice_type":"single"}351{"question":"Winged rubber dam retainer in endodontics advantages are all except","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Radiographs are good showing full length of canals","opb":"Stability","opc":"Provide extra bucco-lingual retraction","opd":"Dam, clamp and frame placed in one operation","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"991ff4a7-4adc-4136-854d-b6c007d5d1be","choice_type":"multi"}352{"question":"A 11-year-old child comes to the dental office one hour\nafter injury to a maxillary central incisor. The tooth is\nvital and\tslightly\tmobile.\tRadiographic\texamination\nreveals a fracture at the apical third of the root. What is\nthe best treatment at this point of time:","exp":null,"cop":3,"opa":"Render palliative therapy","opb":"Extract the tooth","opc":"Relieve the occlusion and splint the tooth","opd":"Perform immediate root canal treatment and splint","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"da80560b-dc14-4a57-ba81-cee414172692","choice_type":"multi"}353{"question":"Resistance form of endodontics is:","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Resists movement of gutta-percha in apical area","opb":"To allow use of spreader in lateral condensation","opc":"Fracture of root while vertical condensation","opd":"None of the above","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"76e1d3a2-90b6-4735-be99-004263456619","choice_type":"multi"}354{"question":"Antibody in chronic allergy ?","exp":"Answer- D- IgEWhen someone has allergies, their immune system makes an antibody called immunoglobulin E (IgE). These antibodies respond to allergens. The symptoms that result are an allergic reaction.IgE also has an essential role in type I hypersensitivity, which manifests in various allergic diseases, such as allergic asthma, most types of sinusitis, allergic rhinitis, food allergies, and specific types of chronic uicaria and atopic dermatitis.","cop":4,"opa":"IgM","opb":"IgA","opc":"IgG","opd":"IgE","subject_name":"Microbiology","topic_name":null,"id":"a7e312f2-177e-4acf-9ac9-f68f6cb484ea","choice_type":"multi"}355{"question":"While assessing the efficacy of a newly developed drug in comparison to placebo, the 95% confidence interval in clinical trials is used to check for:","exp":"Answer- a (efficacy of the drug)","cop":1,"opa":"Efficacy of the drug","opb":"Non-efficacy of the drug","opc":"Both efficacy and non-efficacy of the drug","opd":"Either efficacy or non-efficacy of the drug","subject_name":"Pharmacology","topic_name":null,"id":"45ea4d89-40f7-42af-8f94-b4dc1e9a5466","choice_type":"multi"}356{"question":"Which material is the most difficult to remove from the patient's mouth?","exp":"In dentistry, zinc oxide eugenol is popular as an impression material for making impressions of edentulous arches for the construction of\u00a0complete dentures. It is classified as a rigid, irreversible impression material. It cannot be used for recording impressions of dentate arches and in areas of severe undercuts.\nMannapalli ed 3 page no 166","cop":1,"opa":"Metallic oxide paste","opb":"Silicone impression material","opc":"Reversible hydrocolloid","opd":"Impression plaster","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"9ce14fee-cf4f-4066-b94f-361bd7165049","choice_type":"multi"}357{"question":"Main cause of RPD failure is:","exp":null,"cop":3,"opa":"Improper clasp design","opb":"Insufficient contact of teeth","opc":"Insufficient contact of teeth and improper clasp design","opd":"None of the above","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"206f23c8-9973-48b9-9f26-2601d4d61e25","choice_type":"multi"}358{"question":"A 40 years old female presented with acute onset shoness of breath. She has a history of nephrotic syndrome 1 year back and recent prolonged air travel. She has a BP of 90\/60 mm Hg, hea rate of 115 per minute and sinus tachycardia on ECG. A 2-D echocardiogram revealed dilation of right ventricle with bulging of the interventricular septum to the left. What will be the primary treatment modality?","exp":"Ans: B. Intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (Ref: Harrison 19\/e p1634-1636, 18\/2170-2177)Findings indicate patient most probably suffering from massive pulmonary embolism.Management of Massive Pulmonary Embolism:For patients with massive PE & hypotension, replete volume with 500 mL of normal saline.Additional fluid should be infused with extreme caution-Due to excessive fluid administration exacerbates RV wall stress a more profound RV ischemia & worsens LV compliance and filling.Dopamine & dobutamine - 1st line inotropic agents for PE-related shock treatment.Fibrinolysis in Massive Pulmonary Embolism:Preferred fibrinolytic regimen: Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (tPA).Contraindications: Intracranial disease, recent surgery & trauma.","cop":2,"opa":"Thrombectomy","opb":"Intravenous tissue plasminogen activator","opc":"Unfractionated heparin","opd":"d. IVC filter","subject_name":"Medicine","topic_name":null,"id":"ad195e5d-7f52-42cc-a183-b05e3181d0ab","choice_type":"single"}359{"question":"In multirooted teeth, formation of multiple roots is due to presence of:","exp":"Prior to beginning of root formation, the HERS forms epithelial diaphragm. The outer and the inner enamel epithelia bend at the future cementoenamel junction into a horizontal plane, narrowing the wide cervical opening of the tooth germ. Differential growth of the epithelial diaphragm in the multi rooted teeth causes the root trunk into two or three roots.","cop":1,"opa":"Epithelial diaphragm","opb":"Cell rests of Malassez","opc":"Toot bud division or bell stage","opd":"None of the above","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"2b1e65d8-098f-4bf9-9511-aa5f87b0af89","choice_type":"multi"}360{"question":"In Down syndrome patient, which teeth have severe periodontitis","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Lower Anterior","opb":"Upper Anterior","opc":"Upper Molar","opd":"Lower Molar","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"1163160d-9432-4143-98af-ef59704fc876","choice_type":"single"}361{"question":"Folic acid deficiency occurs in:","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"Aspirin","opb":"Phenytoin","opc":"Chloromphenicol","opd":"Cyclosporine","subject_name":"Pharmacology","topic_name":null,"id":"c8f62b0d-908c-494c-9ccf-90297f3647a6","choice_type":"single"}362{"question":"Which of the following will not decrease mother to child transmission of HIV?","exp":"Answer- B (Vaginal delievery)Vaginal delivery increases risk of mother to childhood transmission of HIV.'HIV can be transmitted through breast milk, avoiding breast feeding decreases the mother to child transmission of HIV.'","cop":2,"opa":"Avoid breastfeeding","opb":"Vaginal delivery","opc":"Zidovudine given to mother antenataly and to neonate after bih","opd":"Vitamin A supplementation given to mother","subject_name":"Gynaecology & Obstetrics","topic_name":null,"id":"93d8bac0-76ae-4440-91c0-fa3b724bbc65","choice_type":"single"}363{"question":"On the day following a formocresol pulpotomy of a\nmandibular molar, a three year old patient returned with\na large ulcer near the midline of the lower lip. What is\nthe probable cause of the ulcer?","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Lip biting by the patient","opb":"Allergy to the anaesthetic solution","opc":"Pressure by the rubber dam frame","opd":"Leakage of formocresol on the lip","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"73dc80de-280f-4ee5-bc41-b1843e16a16d","choice_type":"multi"}364{"question":"Which of the following conditions is associated with polyhy dramnios?","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"Posterior urethral valve","opb":"Cleft palate","opc":"Congenital diaphragmatic hernia","opd":"Bladder exostrophy","subject_name":"Gynaecology & Obstetrics","topic_name":null,"id":"ee343e97-60cc-402d-8c90-c92e8f168813","choice_type":"single"}365{"question":"Chemotactic cytokine is","exp":null,"cop":3,"opa":"IL-1","opb":"IL-6","opc":"IL-8","opd":"TNF","subject_name":"Microbiology","topic_name":null,"id":"0f2fc319-7fca-4f39-b2e9-be49e7abe79d","choice_type":"single"}366{"question":"A 38 years old female presented to the emergency with extensive burns. The patient had grade 3 burns on the face, back, upper arms and forearms along with singeing of hairs. Which of the following is not a proof of inhalation burns?","exp":"Ans: A. Yellow colored sputum(Ref Reddy 33\/e p325-326: Parikh 6\/e p4. \/60)Yellow sputum\/ phlegm = Mostly a sign of bacterial infection.In burns takes time to develop.Grade 3 burns:Sputum with carbonaceous colored.Singeing of facial hair, burns on face, soot marks & singed eyebrows or facial hair - Indicative of acute burns inhalational injury.Features of inhalation injury:Characteristic:History of fire in an enclosed space.Burns of face.Singed nasal & facial hair.Inflamed pharyngeal mucosa.Carbonaceous sputum.Evidence of edematous glottis (e.g., hoarseness).","cop":1,"opa":"Yellow colored sputum","opb":"Blackish soot deposit on posterior pa of tongue","opc":"Hoarseness & stridor of voice","opd":"Singeing of eyebrows and facial hair","subject_name":"Forensic Medicine","topic_name":null,"id":"4c0b406e-5d78-4f1d-99ca-c51f8d240e4f","choice_type":"single"}367{"question":"After spleenectomy patient becomes more prone to","exp":null,"cop":4,"opa":"Gram +ve & anaerobic","opb":"Gram -ve & anaerobic","opc":"Nonencapsulated","opd":"Encapsulated organisms","subject_name":"Surgery","topic_name":null,"id":"27e5fe55-e6b8-49eb-b141-78c1e4fd1e14","choice_type":"multi"}368{"question":"All of the following are developed from Meckel's cartilage except:","exp":null,"cop":4,"opa":"Zygomatic bone","opb":"Malleus","opc":"Incus","opd":"Stapes","subject_name":"Anatomy","topic_name":null,"id":"c6f28135-76b7-4762-bd13-839b1592e3d3","choice_type":"multi"}369{"question":"In judicial hanging, the knot is placed at:","exp":"Ans: B. Angle of the jawJudicial Hanging:Placement of knot beneath the chin (submental position) - Most effective.Ensures quicker death.In India & UK, left sub-aural (below the angle of the jaw) knot - Preferred for hanging.Process:The rope is looped around the neck & person is allowed to drop for 5-7 meters - According to weight, age & build of the person.A sudden stop causes fracture-dislocation usually at the level of C2-C3 or C3-C4 veebra & rupture of brain stem between pons & medulla.Death is instantaneous.Hea-beat may continue for 15-20 minutes & spasmodic muscle jerking may occur for a considerable time.","cop":2,"opa":"Below the chin","opb":"Angle of the jaw","opc":"The back of the neck","opd":"Choice of hangman","subject_name":"Forensic Medicine","topic_name":null,"id":"864ebcb5-85f5-45eb-a209-5d14ef53e787","choice_type":"single"}370{"question":"Non-pulsatile dose of GnRH agonist is used in all the following conditions except-","exp":"Ans.B.Male infeilityGnRH is used in all those conditions where there is increased estrogen as GnRH decrease estrogen secretion.Mnemonic :* A - F and HIP* A = Adenomyosis* B = Irritable Bowel Syndrome (under Trial)* C = Ca Breast (Tamoxifen + GnRH agonist give good result)* D = DUB* E = Endometriosis* F = Fibromyoma uterus.* H = Hirsutism* I = Infeility* P = Precocious Pubey.","cop":2,"opa":"Endometriosis","opb":"infeility","opc":"Precocious pubey","opd":"Prostate cancer","subject_name":"Gynaecology & Obstetrics","topic_name":null,"id":"cda9b8dd-1c5b-4b7d-b08c-8e959ab72415","choice_type":"multi"}371{"question":"Eisenmenger syndrome\u2013True are A\/E \u2013","exp":"The characteristic pathological pulmonary vascular changes that develop in a patients with Eisenmenger syndrome are confined to arteries only and involve small pulmonary arterioles and muscular arteries (veins are not involved).\nThere is right ventricular hypertrophy (RV walls do not come back to normal size).\nOn x-ray there are dilated and prominent central arteries with rapid tapering (pruning) of the peripheral vasculature.","cop":2,"opa":"Pulmonary veins are not distended","opb":"RV & LV walls come back to normal size","opc":"Dilatation of central pulmonary artery","opd":"Peripheral pruning of pulmonary arteries","subject_name":"Pediatrics","topic_name":null,"id":"21ee5793-fb33-407c-81ba-7f01f5eefe47","choice_type":"multi"}372{"question":"Gap healing, a type of primary healing having gap of 0.8 mm is healed as:","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"Direct lamellar bone formation.","opb":"Woven bone formation replaced by lamellar bone.","opc":"Woven bone formation only.","opd":"Any of the above.","subject_name":"Surgery","topic_name":null,"id":"c850f730-17c6-4978-a37e-93796d1a0e9e","choice_type":"multi"}373{"question":"The radiographic examination of a traumatized tooth is\nessential -","exp":null,"cop":4,"opa":"To establish baseline data","opb":"To find associated root fracture","opc":"To determine stage of root development","opd":"All of the above","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"7655a989-3ec8-4f83-a2ea-a1a2527d483e","choice_type":"multi"}374{"question":"The fifth nerve innervates the following:","exp":"Trigeminal nerve is the 5th cranial nerve. It is a mixed nerve containing both the motor and sensory fibres but predominantly it is sensory.\nIt is a motor nerve to the muscles of mastication and several small muscles and the principal sensory nerve of the head and face.\nIt consists of three large nerves: ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular, hence the name trigeminal nerve (L. trigeminus = triplet).\n\nKey concept:\nMandibular nerve supplies muscles of mastication mylohyoid, anterior belly of digastric, and tensor tympani.\nPosterior belly of digastric and stapedius are supplied by Facial nerve.","cop":2,"opa":"Mylohyoid, anterior and posterior belly of digastric","opb":"Mylohyoid, anterior belly of digastric, and tensor tympani","opc":"Mylohyoid, posterior belly of digastric and tensor tympani","opd":"Mylohyoid, posterior belly of digastric, Stapedius and tensor tympani","subject_name":"Anatomy","topic_name":null,"id":"13088525-20c1-4b21-8fba-f48097969211","choice_type":"single"}375{"question":"A study was conducted to find average intra-ocular pressure. IOP was measured in 400 people and the mean was found to be 25 mm Hg with a standard detion of 10 mm Hg. What is the range in which 10P of 95% of the population would be lying?","exp":"Ans: C. 24-26 mm HgStandard error, SE = {standard detion \/ n)}n = sample sizeC= Confidence coefficient = 1.96 for 95% confidence interval = 2.58 for 99% confidence interval= 3.29 for 99.9% confidence intervalHence in this question, n = 400SD = 10SE = 10\/400 = 10\/20 = 0.5Mean statistic = 25 mm Hg.Now for 95% confidence interval,C = 2 approximately 95%CI = 25 - 2x0.5 to 25 + 2x0.5 = 24-26 mm HgHence, 95% CI of IOP = 24 to 26 mm Hg.","cop":3,"opa":"22-28 mm Hg","opb":"20-30 mm Hg","opc":"24-26 mm Hg","opd":"23-27 mm Hg","subject_name":"Social & Preventive Medicine","topic_name":null,"id":"f5f3cd4b-3180-4f0e-b585-d681407b89d0","choice_type":"single"}376{"question":"The lag phase of tooth movement usually lasts for:","exp":null,"cop":4,"opa":"2-3 mins","opb":"2-3 hrs","opc":"2-3 day","opd":"2-3 weeks","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"c1e4be05-7faa-4d6a-9d3a-5c825129daaf","choice_type":"multi"}377{"question":"Which of the following is a common osseous lesion in\nperiodontitis is","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"Exostosis","opb":"crater","opc":"buttressing bone","opd":"hemiseptum","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"48d70d58-19bb-4648-b72b-d49e9cbb0147","choice_type":"single"}378{"question":"Which of the following groups of fibres are not attached to alveolar bone?","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Transseptal","opb":"Horizontal","opc":"Oblique","opd":"Apical","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"e0952660-983f-4990-a8c6-d6b6bc19aca3","choice_type":"single"}379{"question":"First nerve fiber present in vicinity of dental papilla in","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Bud stage","opb":"Cap stage","opc":"Bell stage","opd":"Advanced Bell stage","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"8d8150e4-2224-4ac1-b41e-b8353a744dcc","choice_type":"single"}380{"question":"A 32 years old female came for routine PAP smear testing. The repo came as carcinoma in situ. What is the next step?","exp":"Answer- D. Colposcopy and biopsyRegressions typically occur within a 2-year follow-up with cytology & colposcopy.Observation - Biopsy diagnoses of CIN 1 with satisfactory colposcopy and who agree to the evaluation every 6 monthsAblative treatment - lf the lesions progress during follow-up or persist at 2 yearsTreatment options: LEEP & Cryosurgery","cop":4,"opa":"HPV-DNA testing","opb":"Hysterectomy","opc":"Conization","opd":"Colposcopy and biopsy","subject_name":"Gynaecology & Obstetrics","topic_name":null,"id":"d2aaf9d3-3ec9-450c-94cd-7df423fe49e8","choice_type":"multi"}381{"question":"The frontal paranasal sinus drains into the:","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"Superior meatus","opb":"Middle meatus","opc":"Inferior meatus","opd":"Spheno-ethmoidal recess","subject_name":"Anatomy","topic_name":null,"id":"f9e59986-dc69-42ca-97c9-593496bb98a5","choice_type":"single"}382{"question":"In the mammalian genome, maximum number of genes code for the receptors of:","exp":"Ans: D. OdorantsIn the mammalian genome, maximum number of genes code for the receptors of odorants.\"The olfactory receptor (OR) genes constitute the largest gene family in mammalian genomes.Humans have >1,000 OR genes, of which only -40% have an intact coding region and are therefore putatively functional.Odorant receptor genes form the largest gene family in the genome of many animals: for example, the mouse genome contains approximately 1200 of these genes.","cop":4,"opa":"Immunoglobulin receptors","opb":"Interleukins","opc":"Growth factors","opd":"Odorants","subject_name":"Biochemistry","topic_name":null,"id":"d5f7c86d-3441-4fdd-8618-8510dbead871","choice_type":"single"}383{"question":"Pegloticase is used in","exp":"Pegloticase - It is recombinant uricase, an enzyme which oxidises uric acid to highly soluble allantoin, that is easily excreted by kidney. Humans lack this enzyme. In this preparation, the enzyme has been coupled with methoxy polyethylene glycol (mPEG) which serves to prolong its sojourn in the body, permitting i.v. infusion of the drug to be given every 2 weeks. It is indicated only in rare cases of refractory symptomatic gout because it is immunogenic and carries high risk of infusion reactions, including anaphylaxis.","cop":1,"opa":"Chronic gout","opb":"Paralytic ileus","opc":"Psoriatic ahritis","opd":"Rheumatoid ahritis","subject_name":"Pharmacology","topic_name":"AIIMS 2019","id":"b57b3bed-fda6-48e7-9af4-f72d5a4687d9","choice_type":"single"}384{"question":"Wave patterns of EEF, ECG and EMG are depicted below. The B pattern belongs to (Figure was not provided in the exam):","exp":"Answer- C. WakefulnessBeta (B) Wave- Parietal and frontal region. Patients awake, at rest with eyes open.","cop":3,"opa":"NREM sleep","opb":"REM sleep","opc":"Wakefulness","opd":"Quiet wakefulness","subject_name":"Physiology","topic_name":null,"id":"74d6497b-16bd-44f8-bba0-a9a139482e77","choice_type":"single"}385{"question":"Staphylococcus aureus and pneumoniae are responsible for:","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"Subacute endocarditis.","opb":"Acute endocarditis.","opc":"Post operative endocarditis.","opd":"None.","subject_name":"Medicine","topic_name":null,"id":"f4b8bacb-390e-4efa-9e65-f7f1bfe8b32b","choice_type":"multi"}386{"question":"First paranasal sinus to develop at bih is:","exp":"Development of SinusesSinusGestational Month WhenDevelopment StasPresent in ClinicallySignificant SizeFully DevelopedMaxillary2degBihdeg12 yearsdegEthmoid30Bihdeg12 yearsdegFrontal4deg3 yearsdeg18-20 yearsdegSphenoid3deg8 yearsdeg12-15 yearsdeg","cop":1,"opa":"Maxillary","opb":"Ethmoidal","opc":"Frontal","opd":"Sphenoidal","subject_name":"ENT","topic_name":null,"id":"16ce8442-864b-43f1-b815-f9096e55fa54","choice_type":"single"}387{"question":"Which of the following is the best test for assessment of intestinal malabsorption?","exp":"Ans: A(Ref: Harrison 19\/c p193(S)Fecal fat estimation - Gold standard test for diagnosis of malabsorption.Intestinal malabsorption diagnosis:D-xylose test.Tests for xylose absorption in intestinal villi.Distinguishs intestinal from pancreatic malabsorption.Pancreatic malabsorption diagnosis:NBT-PABA & serum amylase.","cop":1,"opa":"Fecal fat estimation","opb":"Serum lactose levels","opc":"Serum amylase levels","opd":"NBT-PABA test","subject_name":"Medicine","topic_name":null,"id":"5c1652a1-905f-4be0-8677-4259eb94b2d0","choice_type":"single"}388{"question":"Primary Colonization of plaque is dominated by","exp":null,"cop":4,"opa":"Facultative Aerobic Gram + ve rods","opb":"Facultative Anaerobic Gram - ve rods","opc":"Facultative Aerobic Gram - ve cocci","opd":"Facultative Anaerobic Gram + ve cocci","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"611828ae-4acf-4177-bc88-fd78e72a9a3e","choice_type":"single"}389{"question":"Types of pocket respectively:","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Simple pocket, compound pocket, complex pocket.","opb":"Simple pocket, complex pocket, compound pocket.","opc":"Compound pocket, simple pocket, complex pocket.","opd":"Simple pocket, compound pocket, tertiary pocket.","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"83935f21-0298-409f-aabc-ac42dc4c0e00","choice_type":"single"}390{"question":"Depression of mandible is achieved by:","exp":null,"cop":4,"opa":"Digastric","opb":"Lateral pterygoid","opc":"Geniohyoid","opd":"All of the above","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"d053ff7a-d056-4da2-b124-68610654796f","choice_type":"multi"}391{"question":"18 year old female presents with an ovarian mass, her serum bio marker are found to be normal except for LDH, which is found to be elevated. The most likely diagnosis is:","exp":"NOTE :- * Young girls with - Germ cell tumor Ovarian mass * Old women with - Epithelial serous tumor Ovarian mass Biomarkers Dysgerminoma | LDH, | placental alkaline Po4 Endodermal sinus tumor a feto protein and antitrypsin","cop":1,"opa":"Dysgerminoma","opb":"Endodermal sinus tumor","opc":"Malignant terratoma","opd":"Mucinous cystadeno carcinoma","subject_name":"Gynaecology & Obstetrics","topic_name":"AIIMS 2017","id":"18d1c316-555c-4528-a9c4-e8ce1a613179","choice_type":"multi"}392{"question":"Most common infection post solid organ transplantation","exp":"Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is transmitted post solid organ transplantation whereas herpes simplex virus (HSV) is transmitted post solid organ transplantation only within a month. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a glandular disease so transmitted by close contact where as human papilloma virus (HPV) is transmitted through sexual contact since it is a sexually transmitted disease. So first option is a better option. Infection in Children: Primary infections in older children and adults are usually asymptomatic. However, a heterophile, antibody-negative, infectious mononucleosis may been. This is more common following transfusion of CMV-infected blood (post - transfusion mononucleosis).","cop":1,"opa":"CMV","opb":"HSV","opc":"EBV","opd":"HPV","subject_name":"Microbiology","topic_name":"AIIMS 2019","id":"4c74361f-7de5-4a70-9221-c8f5c9554081","choice_type":"single"}393{"question":"Tuberculous otitis media is characterized by all except -","exp":"Tubercular Otitis Media\n\nImportant points:\n\n\u2013\u2013Seen mainly in children and young adult Q\n\u2013\u2013It is secondary to pulmonary tuberculosis. Q\n\u2013\u2013Route of spread - Mainly through eustachian tube (not blood borne). Q\nSymptoms:\n1. Patients often present with chronic painless otorrhoea (usually foul smelling) which is resistant to antibiotic treatment Q\n3. Severe conductive type hearing loss Q. (sometimes due to involvement of labyrinth may be SNHL)\n4. Facial nerve palsy may be the presenting symptom in childrenQ\n5. Cough; fever and night sweats may be present in patients with tuberculous infection in other organ system.\n\nO\/E\n\n\u2013\u2013 Multiple perforationsQ in tympanic membrane (This feature was once considered characteristic of TB but now is seldom seen).\n\u2013\u2013 Middle ear and mastoid are filled with pale granulation tissueQ (It is a characteristic of tuberculous otitis media)\n\nComplications: (Early onset of these symptoms is seen)\n\n\u2013\u2013Mastoiditis\n\u2013\u2013Osteomyelitis\n\u2013\u2013Postauricular fistula\n\u2013\u2013Facial nerve palsy","cop":3,"opa":"Multiple perforations","opb":"Pale granulations","opc":"Pain","opd":"Thin odourless fluid","subject_name":"ENT","topic_name":null,"id":"3b38f235-0a3f-4781-ae19-a7858523b39f","choice_type":"multi"}394{"question":"Child Pugh score put patients into three categories of Score A (<7), Score B (7-9) and Score C (10-15). The following is a type of which scale?","exp":"Child Pugh Score' divides the scores into 3 CATEGORIES, hence it is a CATEGORICAL scale. The variables are qualitative and arranged in an order of increasing severity, hence it is an example of ORDINAL scale. Other options: Nominal scale is also a type of categorical scale in which the variables are not arranged in any order. Metric scale is used for quantitative variables. Continuous is a type of variable and not a type of scale.","cop":2,"opa":"Nominal","opb":"Ordinal","opc":"Quantitative","opd":"Continuous","subject_name":"Social & Preventive Medicine","topic_name":"AIIMS 2017","id":"b0d97337-7157-40c6-984d-87e24959fa80","choice_type":"single"}395{"question":"Skin of the entire upper lip is supplied by:","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Maxillary nerve.","opb":"Facial nerve.","opc":"Mandibular nerve.","opd":"None.","subject_name":"Anatomy","topic_name":null,"id":"1c8618e4-c3cc-4048-8214-8c3098ba12ad","choice_type":"multi"}396{"question":"Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"TTP","opb":"ITP","opc":"Senile purpura","opd":"CML","subject_name":"Medicine","topic_name":null,"id":"e18f0c87-2d93-4fb1-9b7f-41ddc4ea0cae","choice_type":"single"}397{"question":"Treatment of choice for anaphylactic shock is:","exp":"DOC is adrenaline.Route is intramuscular > subcutaneous.Dose: 0.5 ml of 1:1000(1mg\/ml solution).This dose is repeated once gain within 10 minutes.If it's still not improving; then intravenous 1:10,000 dose is given.","cop":1,"opa":"Adrenaline 0.5 mL of 1:1000 solution by intramuscular route","opb":"Adrenaline 1 mL of 1:10000 by intravenous route","opc":"Atropine 3 mg intravenously","opd":"Adenosine 12 mg intravenously","subject_name":"Pharmacology","topic_name":"AIIMS 2017","id":"1f93c541-baaf-40f2-bf91-31be29732da2","choice_type":"single"}398{"question":"The\tcotton\tapplied\tto\tthe\tpulpal\tstumps\tin\tthe\nformocresol pulpotomy technique should be","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Slightly dampened with formocresol","opb":"Saturated with formocresol","opc":"Left for 2 hours in the cavity","opd":"Sealed until the next appointment.","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"565d9d77-689a-4e68-bd65-7016980692ba","choice_type":"single"}399{"question":"Which of following is not a tumor suppressor gene?","exp":null,"cop":4,"opa":"pRb","opb":"FHIT","opc":"PTCH","opd":"c-erbB1","subject_name":"Pathology","topic_name":null,"id":"4fbc569b-3b88-490f-b1b9-0af7c459eee0","choice_type":"single"}400{"question":"All the following instruments are required for tonsillectomy except:","exp":"Ans: C. Microdebrider(Ref: Scott-Brown's 7Ie p3576; Cummings Pediatric Otolaryngology By Marci M. Lesperance, Paul W. Flint\/p51; Dhingra 6\/e p430)All these four instruments are used in different techniques of tonsillectomy.Microdebrider is less commonly used than others as it leaves behind a small amount of tissue covering theconstrictor muscle.Hence, preferred answer would be microdebrider.","cop":3,"opa":"Coblation wand","opb":"Bipolar cautery","opc":"Microdebrider","opd":"Harmonic scalpel","subject_name":"ENT","topic_name":null,"id":"c4c72573-bba7-4544-8e80-7bf4fe8d0f2d","choice_type":"multi"}401{"question":"Which marker shows holocrine gland?","exp":"Marker (A) shows the Holocrine gland i.e, Sebaceous gland related with hair follicle sending sebum to skin surface. Marker (C) - Hair follicle Marker (D) - Sub cutaneous fat (Adipocytes) - empty looking cells with fat & peripheral nucleus - Usually skin & sebaceous glands have - stratified squamous epithelium","cop":1,"opa":"A","opb":"B","opc":"C","opd":"D","subject_name":"Anatomy","topic_name":"AIIMS 2017","id":"b3163789-82b3-4054-aabe-3a2b90aa7a98","choice_type":"single"}402{"question":"Landmark for pup chamber opening is :","exp":"Krasner and Rankow determined that the CEJ is the most important anatomic landmark for determining the location of pulp chambers and root canal orifices. They demonstrated\u00a0 that\u00a0 specific\u00a0 and\u00a0 consistent\u00a0 pulp\u00a0 chamber floor and wall anatomy exist and proposed laws for assisting\u00a0 clinicians\u00a0 to\u00a0 identify\u00a0 canal\u00a0 morphology.\nRef: Grossman endodotic practice 13th ed page no 248","cop":1,"opa":"CEJ","opb":"Cervical third of crown","opc":"Level of alveolar bone","opd":"Enamel","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"1cecd58f-d0c8-446a-adf8-d07dd796ec0e","choice_type":"single"}403{"question":"Bezold-Jarisch reflex is mediated by:","exp":"Answer- A. SerotoninThe Bezold-Jarisch reflex involves a variety of cardiovascular and neurological processes which cause hypopnea (excessively shallow breathing or an abnormally low respiratory rate) and bradycardia (abnormally low resting hea rate). Serotonin can elicit Bezold-Jarisch reflex.Bezold-Jarisch reflex responds to noxious ventricular stimuli sensed by chemoreceptors & mechanoreceptors within the LV wall by inducing the triad of hypotension bradycardia & coronary aery dilatation.Stimulation of aerial baroreceptors or ventricular baroreceptors by any of a host of chemicals-veratrum alkaloids, nicotine capsaicin, anti-histamine serotonin snake and insect venoms--can also trigger the Bezold- Jarisch reflex.","cop":1,"opa":"Serotonin","opb":"Angiotensin","opc":"Prostaglandin","opd":"Histamine","subject_name":"Physiology","topic_name":null,"id":"4034587c-3452-4465-9e2e-9b2ad5f643cd","choice_type":"single"}404{"question":"Action of Nitroglycerin is","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Direct action on smooth muscle","opb":"Slows SA node conductvity","opc":"Blocks arrhythmia","opd":"Increases perfusion to heart","subject_name":"Pharmacology","topic_name":null,"id":"f8420128-0bd2-4a3e-b54f-d99fd7eb7070","choice_type":"single"}405{"question":"ICD-10 stands for","exp":null,"cop":3,"opa":"International Classification of Drugs, 10th revision","opb":"International Classification of Disabilities, 10th revision","opc":"International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision","opd":"International Classification of Disasters, 10th revision","subject_name":"Social & Preventive Medicine","topic_name":null,"id":"15811471-d00e-471c-adf9-2edc497bb4ce","choice_type":"single"}406{"question":"A 40 year old woman has arneloblastoma, the histomorphologic features will be","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Peripheral palisading cellular strand with central loose stellate reticulum","opb":"Peripheral palisading with central stromal retraction artefact","opc":"Peripheral palisading cellular strand with peripheral loo se stellate reticulum","opd":"Central Loose stellate reticulum shows marked nuclear atypia and numerous mitotic","subject_name":"Pathology","topic_name":null,"id":"a3eaeae1-9e64-4d66-9168-3e49814f51a5","choice_type":"single"}407{"question":"Method of transpo of glucose in the intestine is:","exp":"The method of transpo of glucose in the intestine is Secondary active transpo. Both glucose and Na+enter inside the cell (in same direction) i.e. Sympo. No energy used when glucose and Na+ enters the cell. Energy is used indirectly for glucose transpo Na+\/ K+ ATPase pump. Sodium-glucose sympoer carries 2Na+for each glucose SGLT-1- Small intestine and kidneys -for Glucose and Galactose SGLT-2- in kidneys -only for glucose In intestine on luminal surface there is SGLT-1 (secondary active transpo) while on basal surface is GLUT-2 (facultative transpo)","cop":2,"opa":"Primary active transpo","opb":"Secondary active transpo","opc":"Simple diffusion","opd":"Counter transpo","subject_name":"Biochemistry","topic_name":"AIIMS 2018","id":"ef3c0dca-5a44-4569-ba14-14ed9fd9a5a5","choice_type":"single"}408{"question":"A 28 year old man has lenticonus and end stage renal disease now. His maternal uncle also died of the same illness. What is the most likely diagnosis?","exp":"Presentation of male patient with lenticonus and end stage renal disease with a family history of renal disease is highly suggestive of Alport syndrome.\n\nAR polycystic kidney is ruled out because the age of presentation in ARPKD is childhood and most of the affected children do not survive beyond their childhood.\nAD polycystic kidney is ruled out because there is no association of ADPKD with lenticonus as is mentioned in our question.\n\n\u2013\u2013 Alport syndrome is manifest by hematuria with progression to chronic renal failure, accompanied by nerve deafness and various eye disorders, including lens dislocation, posterior cataracts, and corneal dystrophy.\n\u2013\u2013 In about 85% cases, it is inherited as an X-linked trait. So, males express the full syndrome, and females are carriers in whom manifestations of disease are typically limited to hematuria.\n\u2013\u2013 Autosomal recessive and autosomal dominant forms also exist in which both the sexes are equally susceptible.\n\u2013\u2013 In Alport syndrome, Hematuria is the earliest manifestation and the sensorineural deafness is the commonest extra renal abnormality.","cop":4,"opa":"Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease","opb":"Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease","opc":"Oxalosis","opd":"Alport syndrome","subject_name":"Pathology","topic_name":null,"id":"dabfee93-2e1b-4e6c-bff6-03c025bd986f","choice_type":"single"}409{"question":"A patient comes after a dog bite with hydrophobia, tearing and altered sensorium. You suspect rabies in this patient. Corneal impression has been taken. What test will you do on it for most accurate diagnosis?","exp":"Answer- B. -PCR for virusDetection of rabies virus RNA by - PCR is highly sensitive and specific. This technique can detect virus infresh saliva samples, skin, CSF, and brain tissues.Detection of rabies virus RNA by -PCR is highly sensitive and specific. This technique can detect virus in fresh saliva samples, skin, CSF, and brain tissues. In addition, -PCR with genetic sequencing can distinguish among rabies virus variants, permitting identification of the probable source of an infection.\"-Harrison 19\/e p1302.Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction testing can be used to amplify pas of a rabies virus genome from fixed or unfixed brain tissue or saliva. Sequencing of amplified products can allow identification of the infecting virus strain.","cop":2,"opa":"Indirect immunofluorescence","opb":"-PCR for virus","opc":"Histopathological examination for Negri bodies","opd":"Antibodies against Rabies virus","subject_name":"Microbiology","topic_name":null,"id":"df8ae3bc-aef6-48d0-8033-d715cfe36b3d","choice_type":"single"}410{"question":"True about LDL receptor:","exp":"LDL receptor:\n\nIt recognizes apo B-100 and apo-E.\nHas clathrin coating.\nInvolved in endocytosis process.\nPresent in both hepatic and extra-hepatic cells.","cop":4,"opa":"It recognizes apo B100 and apo E","opb":"Involved in endocytosis process","opc":"Present in both hepatic and extrahepatic cells","opd":"All of the above","subject_name":"Biochemistry","topic_name":null,"id":"f87f02ae-e248-473d-9a03-5a866b0dfbee","choice_type":"multi"}411{"question":"Pterygomandibular space contains all, except:","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"Nerve to mylohyoid muscle","opb":"Long buccal nerve","opc":"Loose areolar tissue","opd":"Nerve to medial pterygoid muscle","subject_name":"Surgery","topic_name":null,"id":"164c3839-9da9-45da-bc1c-33e2174a6c17","choice_type":"multi"}412{"question":"A 32-year-old P2L2 lady comes five days after unpro!tected sexual intercourse. What will be your advice for contraception in this lady?","exp":"Ans: A. Copper IUCD(Ref Dutta 8\/e p615, 7\/e p551)Best contraceptive for 32-year old P2L2 lady coming after 5 days after unprotected sexual intercourse - Copper-containing IUCD.Copper IUCD:Inseion within maximum period of 5-7 days after accidental unprotected exposure.Prevents implantation.Unsuitable for women with multiple sex paners & rape victims.","cop":1,"opa":"Copper IUCD","opb":"Levonorgestrel 0.75 mg","opc":"Two tablets of high dose OCP, repeated after 24 hours","opd":"Laparoscopic tubectomy","subject_name":"Gynaecology & Obstetrics","topic_name":null,"id":"a6cc1419-094c-4675-b250-ba45e4569bd2","choice_type":"single"}413{"question":"Data about recent trends of immunization in the community can be found by:","exp":"Ans: B. District level health survey(Ref Park's 22\/e p786)District Level Health Survey - Objectives:Coverage of ante-natal, natal and post-natal checkups and child immunization.Propoion of institutional\/safe deliveries.JSY beneficiaries.Contraceptive prevalence rates.Unmet need for contraceptives - Spacing & limiting.Awareness about I\/ STI and HIV\/AIDS.Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MOHFW), Government of India, has included the Clinical, Anthropometric and Biochemical (CAB) component for data collection in the District Level Household Survey (DLHS)-4.","cop":2,"opa":"Sample registration system","opb":"District level health survey","opc":"Rural survey","opd":"Census data","subject_name":"Social & Preventive Medicine","topic_name":null,"id":"796e190d-09a8-4eef-98a4-26eecd5b7de7","choice_type":"single"}414{"question":"Which of the following diuretic can be given in mild to moderate hypeension?","exp":"Ans: C. Thiazide diureticThiazide diuretics :Given in mild to moderate hypeension.Low-dose thiazide diuretics used alone or in combination with other antihypeensive drugs.Safe, efficacious, inexpensive & reduce clinical events. MOA:Inhibits Na\/Cl- pump in DCT a Increases sodium excretion.In long term - Acts as vasodilators.Provide additive blood pressure-lowering effects (On combination with beta blockers, ACE-I, ARBs).Drug of Choicein HypeensionConditionDrug of ChoiceHypeensionThiazidesHypeension with BPHPrazosinHypeension with diabetes mellitusACE inhibitorsHypeension with ischemic hea disease (angina)Beta-blockersHypeension with chronic kidney diseaseACE inhibitorsHypeension in pregnancyAlpha-methyldopaHypeensive emergenciesNicardipine + EsmololHypeensive emergencies in cheese reactionPhentolamineHypeensive emergencies in clonidine withdrawalPhentolamineHypeensive emergencies in aoic dissectionNitroprusside + EsmololHypeensive emergencies in pregnancyLabetalol(Ref: Harrison 19\/e p1623).","cop":3,"opa":"Potassium sparing diuretic","opb":"Osmotic diuretic","opc":"Thiazide diuretic","opd":"Loop diuretic","subject_name":"Pharmacology","topic_name":null,"id":"b8621196-05ba-414e-a112-0b48be3fcd7c","choice_type":"single"}415{"question":"Which of the following is used for etching porcelain?","exp":"Chemical preparation of glazed ceramic may be done with 9.6% hydrofluoric acid (HFA) or acidulated phosphate fluoride and then treated with silane coupling agent to increase the bond strength.\nZachrisson recommends the following techniques for bonding to porcelain surfaces:\n\nIsolation is very critical in this technique,\u00a0not just to prevent contamination with saliva and water, but also to prevent soft tissues contact with HFA.\nBarrier gel such as Kool-Dam prevents flowing of etchant onto the gingival tissue.\nDeglaze the area slightly larger than bracket base by sandblasting with 50 \u00b5m aluminium oxide for 3 s.\nEtch porcelain with 9.6% HF acid for 2 min.\nCarefully remove gel with cotton roll and then rinse using high volume suction.\nDry with air, apply silane coupling agent and bond bracket conventionally.","cop":3,"opa":"1.23% HF","opb":"4% HF","opc":"9.6% HF","opd":"37% HF","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"e3840b78-8e45-4c14-83da-2a1ed7178d7e","choice_type":"single"}416{"question":"Ceramide is:","exp":"1. Simple lipid:\n\nTAG (glycerol + 3 FA)\nCeramide ( Sphingosine + FA)\u00a0\n\n2. Compound lipid:\n\nPhospholipids\nGlycolipid \/ Sphingoglycolipid\nAminolipids\nSulfolipids\nLipoproteins\n\n3. Miscellaneous:\n\nPrecursor lipid\u00a0- Compounds that can give rise to another lipids.\u00a0Eg:\u00a0Fatty Acids\nDerived lipid\u00a0- Eg:\u00a0Bile acids\nPrecursor derived lipid\u00a0- Eg:\u00a0Cholesterol","cop":1,"opa":"Simple lipid","opb":"Compound lipid","opc":"Precursor lipid","opd":"Derived lipid","subject_name":"Biochemistry","topic_name":null,"id":"54f0597f-d43c-4813-b202-935ae07e4e20","choice_type":"single"}417{"question":"Which type of oral candidiasis does not presents with white patch?","exp":"Ans: A. Chronic atrophic candidiasisChronic erythematous (atrophic) candidiasis appears as a red, raw-looking lesion instead of a white patch seen in all other types.Erythematous (atrophic) candidiasis:Appears as a red, raw-looking lesion.Subtypes of erythematous candidiasis:Denture-related stomatitis, angular stomatitis, median rhomboid glossitis & antibiotic-induced stomatitis.Since they are commonly erythematous\/atrophic.Precede pseudomembrane formation,.Left when membrane is removed, or arise de novo.Tongue:Loss of lingual papillae, leaving a smooth area on tongue.Occurs on dorsum of tongue in long-term coicosteroids or antibiotic patient.But occasionally it can occur after only a few days of using a topical antibiotic.This is usually termed 'antibiotic sore mouth\/stomatitis' because it is commonly painful as well as red.","cop":1,"opa":"Chronic atrophic candidiasis","opb":"Chronic hyperplastic candidiasis","opc":"Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis","opd":"Pseudomembranous candidiasis","subject_name":"Skin","topic_name":null,"id":"f6bb3faa-6ccb-4838-a2d9-1ae2f2d63e7d","choice_type":"single"}418{"question":"Which of the following statements is false about apoptosis?","exp":"Apoptosis is genetically regulated, hence apoptosis is sometimes referred to as programmed cell death. Plasma membrane remains intact in apoptosis hence there is no leakage of enzymes and inflammation. Apoptosis cause activation of caspase and proteases which cause cells to shrink. Hence organelle swelling is not a feature of apoptosis. Characteristic feature of apoptosis microscopically is chromatin condensation.","cop":3,"opa":"No inflammation","opb":"Intact plasma membrane","opc":"Swelling of organelles","opd":"Affected by dedicated genes","subject_name":"Pathology","topic_name":"AIIMS 2018","id":"fa5def89-71cb-4aba-9c23-af07401b10b0","choice_type":"multi"}419{"question":"A 55 yr old patient presented to the opd with complaint of pain in back. On examination his limbs seemed to be bent with overlying warm and thick skin. Patient also complain of decreased hearing over a few days. On biochemical analysis his serum ALP was raised. X-ray obtained showed the following features. Most probable diagnosis?","exp":"Given scenario suggests diagnosis of Paget's disease. Image shows- a) Ivory veebra, b) Picture frame veebra Osteoporosis- Cod fish veebra Osteopetrosis- bone within a bone appearance Renal osteodystrophy- Rugger jersey spine","cop":3,"opa":"Osteoporosis","opb":"Osteopetrosis","opc":"Pagets disease","opd":"Renal osteodystrophy","subject_name":"Orthopaedics","topic_name":"AIIMS 2019","id":"ccca9015-2ce5-40cf-bed4-187f9428d984","choice_type":"single"}420{"question":"Halo effect surrounding the root of tooth on IOPA X-Ray is seen with?","exp":null,"cop":4,"opa":"Horizontal root fracture","opb":"Root caries","opc":"Widening of periodontal ligament space","opd":"Periapical-periostitis","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"80ca7074-85db-4ead-9b69-23c32b811d94","choice_type":"single"}421{"question":"A temporary bridge constructed from a synthetic resin","exp":null,"cop":4,"opa":"Is not required when the missing tooth is provided on a partial denture","opb":"Should be cemented with a polycarboxylate cement to ensure retention between the preparation and fitting stages","opc":"Should have the same buccal and lingual contours as the permanent bridge","opd":"Should restore the occlusion to the same extent as the permanent bridge","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"0bac3e65-9fec-4c0b-b29e-251ebc04aec0","choice_type":"single"}422{"question":"After resection of posterior pituitary all of the following hormones is given except?","exp":"Ans. D. Mineralocoicoid","cop":4,"opa":"Glucagon","opb":"Thyroxine","opc":"Estradiol","opd":"Mineralocoicoid","subject_name":"Physiology","topic_name":null,"id":"833ba236-ccb4-44d5-ba31-865de41488a5","choice_type":"multi"}423{"question":"What is the thickness of cement-dentinal junction?","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"1-2 \u03bcm","opb":"2-3 \u03bcm","opc":"3-4 \u03bcm","opd":"4-5 \u03bcm","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"36926004-cb1c-46b4-a6b2-f12c13dd8ab3","choice_type":"single"}424{"question":"Which of the following appliances is not used for slow maxillary expansion?","exp":"Hyrax appliance\u00a0\nThis type of expander uses the Hyrax (hygienic rapid expansion) screw. It has heavy wires that are adapted, welded and soldered to the palatal aspects of the bands in the permanent molars. It is used for Rapid palatal expansion.\nExamples of slow expansion:\u00a0\n\nJack screw\nCo\ufb03n spring\nQuad helix appliance\n\nTextbook of ORTHODONTICS Sridhar Premkumar","cop":4,"opa":"Jack screw","opb":"Coffin spring","opc":"Quad helix appliance","opd":"Hyrax appliance","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"04adb80a-e020-4328-a871-e403f6d5861f","choice_type":"single"}425{"question":"For how long should NiTi files be submerged in NaOCl at 122-degree F to prevent damage to file corrosion","exp":"Direct lines from book \"warming of NaOCI to 122\u00b0 F (50' C) leads to increase in collagen dissolution as potential to disinfecting, but it can leads to detrimental corrosion effects on NiTi instruments immersion for 1 hr\".","cop":3,"opa":"20 mins","opb":"45 mins","opc":"60 mins","opd":"2 hours","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"d321d320-c06f-4d18-9aa2-dae718851dfd","choice_type":"single"}426{"question":"Mandibular process of each side fuse to form:","exp":null,"cop":3,"opa":"Lower lip.","opb":"Lower jaw.","opc":"Both.","opd":"None.","subject_name":"Anatomy","topic_name":null,"id":"2435f8a2-f34c-4185-82f4-d73c72fe9ee2","choice_type":"multi"}427{"question":"True about meningococcal vaccine is -","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Capsule polysaccharide act as a virulent factor for the production of antibody","opb":"Conjugate vaccine is not given in outbreaks","opc":"Polysaccharide vaccine should be given to children below 2 years of age","opd":"Vaccine with polysaccharide B is immunogenic","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"a8be5273-87e4-42d6-bdd2-e3ce0ba892c1","choice_type":"multi"}428{"question":"Self injury most likely caused after extraction in children is","exp":"Inadvertent lip biting\u00a0after inferior alveolar nerve block is most commonly seen\u00a0in children\u00a0after extraction.\nThis self-injury mostly occurs due to dentist fail to mention\/provide important instructions to child\/ their parents that he\/she should not eat anything till effect of anesthesia completely wears off as it leads to unknowing\/ Inadvertent lip biting during eating.\nSometimes this also happens\u00a0if child\/parents fail to follow the instructions mentioned by dentist.","cop":1,"opa":"Inadvertent lip biting after anesthesia","opb":"Chemical burn","opc":"Permanent palsy","opd":"Trismus","subject_name":"Surgery","topic_name":null,"id":"70be9151-2441-49de-8dd1-3bd6ee597992","choice_type":"single"}429{"question":"Antempasterior relation of jaws is measured by:","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"ANB angle","opb":"Angle between SN & FH Plane","opc":"Angle between SN & mandibular plane","opd":"Facial angle","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"6ccd520c-4355-48c5-8635-66b64dd157f1","choice_type":"single"}430{"question":"Intensifying screen is used in extraoral radiograph to:","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Decrease radiation to patient","opb":"Increase contrast","opc":"Decrease contrast","opd":"Collimation","subject_name":"Radiology","topic_name":null,"id":"1730e3d6-7a73-4485-bc27-65e8ad61c9bb","choice_type":"single"}431{"question":"Gold Standard for evaluation of any obstruction in the nasal pathway:","exp":null,"cop":3,"opa":"Mirror test.","opb":"Butterfly test.","opc":"Rhinomanometry.","opd":"To check the size of nostril.","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"2e4dea82-5bec-438e-a674-0f317e467e70","choice_type":"single"}432{"question":"The following is used in which procedure in gynecology?","exp":"The image shown in question is of Ayre's spatula which is used in papsmear Sensitivity of the cervical cytology for the detection of CIN 2 or 3 ranged from 47% to 62% Errors occurred because of - Poor fixation on the glass slide, leading to air drying - Smear were thick and obscured by vaginal discharge, blood, or mucus. Liquid - based Cytology Liquid samples are processed to provide a uniform, thin layer of cervical cells without debris on a glass slide & this eliminates air drying. The cell sample is collected with an endocervical brush used in combination with a plastic spatula or with a plastic broom. The sample is rinsed in a l containing liquid alcohol-based preservative. Hence 80% to 90% of the cells are retrieved The cells are retrieved from the l by passing the liquid through a filter. Recommendation : 2020 Novaks For women 21 to 29 years Screening with cytology every 3 year From 30 to 65 years Co - testing with conventional cytology and high - risk HPV testing every 5 years Or Cytology alone every 3 years are appropriate alternatives After the age of 65 it is Discontinue screening when 3 negative cytology results or 2 negative co test in the previous 10 years","cop":1,"opa":"Pap smear","opb":"Endometrial Biopsy","opc":"Cervical Biopsy","opd":"Vulval Biopsy","subject_name":"Gynaecology & Obstetrics","topic_name":"AIIMS 2019","id":"ae0f40e1-2d9f-4d1a-a431-3062793ef007","choice_type":"single"}433{"question":"A 5 years old child presented with continuous fever and features of sepsis with a BP of 90\/60 mm Hg, Pulse rate 144\/min and respiratory rate of 30\/min. What is the initial fluid of choice for management?","exp":"Ans: D : 20 mL\/kg of 0.9% normal salineExplanation:(Ref: Ghai 8Ie p718)In hypovolemic or septicemic shock, replacement of intravascular volume by isotonic fluids is the main stay of treatment.Hence, normal saline resuscitation with 20 ml\/kg boluses.","cop":4,"opa":"10 mL\/kg of 10% dextrose","opb":"10 mL\/kg of hydroxyethyl starch","opc":"20 mL\/kg of 0.45% normal saline","opd":"20 mL\/kg of 0.9% normal saline","subject_name":"Pediatrics","topic_name":null,"id":"4e8f5ba7-452a-464f-a328-d8b96eafade6","choice_type":"single"}434{"question":"Patient with increased PT, APTT & TT and normal fibrinogen and platelet counts, diagnosis is?","exp":null,"cop":4,"opa":"DIC","opb":"Fac. VIII def.","opc":"Liver disease","opd":"Vitamin K deficiency","subject_name":"Pathology","topic_name":null,"id":"3bb33f16-ca92-481f-bb39-b5278156c63d","choice_type":"single"}435{"question":"A child presented with abdominal distension, hepatomegaly, doll like facies and recurrent episodes of hypoglycemia. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?","exp":"Menkes disease- aka kinky hair disease - Defect in copper binding ATPase - Involves CNS- intellectual disability, seizures - Characterized by sparse hypopigmented kinky hairs. - Trichorrhexis nodosa and pili toi seen Von Gierke disease is glycogen storage disease type I, in which the child has doll like facies, abdominal distension, hepatomegaly and recurrent episodes of hypoglycemia. On investigation, there is hyperlipidemia, hyperuricemia and lactic acidosis. Lesch nyhan syndrome- mental retardation, microcephaly, seizures and gout.","cop":3,"opa":"Menkes disease","opb":"Down syndrome","opc":"Von gierke disease","opd":"Lesch nyhan syndrome","subject_name":"Pediatrics","topic_name":"AIIMS 2017","id":"f204b864-ca16-4d18-9d0c-6c6a9cb3533a","choice_type":"single"}436{"question":"Estrogen and progesterone in the first 2 months pregnancy are produced by:","exp":"Ans: D. Corpus luteum(Ref Williams 24\/e p169; Ganong 25\/e p412, 24\/e p414).Estrogen and progesterone in first 2 months of pregnancy - Produced by Corpus luteum.Functions of corpus luteum:Enlarged corpus luteum of pregnancy secretes estrogens, progesterone & relaxin.Progesterone & relaxin -Helps maintain pregnancy.By inhibiting myometrial contractions.Progesterone prevents prostaglandin production by uterus - Stops contractions.Corpus luteum function begins to decline after 8 weeks of pregnancy.Yet persists throughout pregnancy.In humans placenta produces sufficient estrogen & progesterone from maternal & fetal precursor taking over corpus luteum function after 6th week of pregnancy.Ovariectomy before 6th week a Hence cause aboion.Ovariectomy after 6th week doesn't affect pregnancy.Note:hCG secretion decreases after initial marked rise.Estrogen & progesterone secretion increase until just before paurition.","cop":4,"opa":"Fetal ovaries","opb":"Fetal adrenal","opc":"Placenta","opd":"Corpus luteum","subject_name":"Gynaecology & Obstetrics","topic_name":null,"id":"b02a0880-4fc7-46d1-83a9-d86a8f1f077c","choice_type":"single"}437{"question":"Which of the following is the common factor for the initiation of both dental caries and periodontal disease","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"bacterial plaque","opb":"lactic acid","opc":"calculus","opd":"no common factor","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"ef077628-a770-4538-9639-2162ba1fcdcf","choice_type":"multi"}438{"question":"Hidden X suture proves to be a novel suturing technique for:","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Alveolar ridge preservation","opb":"Apical repositioning flap","opc":"Coronal repositioning flap","opd":"Papillae repositioning flap","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"b7021f6a-0299-49df-a478-009fe45c5d92","choice_type":"single"}439{"question":"Tracheostomy will:","exp":null,"cop":3,"opa":"Increase dead air space","opb":"Increase respiratory resistance","opc":"Decrease respiratory work","opd":"Cause obstruction in respiration","subject_name":"Surgery","topic_name":null,"id":"700fb2a4-66cc-4d8e-890d-c8d0840b287f","choice_type":"single"}440{"question":"All are diseases of skin except","exp":"Option 'C' erythema migrans is other name of ectopic geographic tongue \/ annulus migrans in which lesions are not always restricted to the tongue, and similar irregular or circinate lesions occurring elsewhere in the oral cavity.","cop":3,"opa":"Erythema multiforme","opb":"Keratosis folticularis","opc":"Erythema migrans","opd":"Psoriasis form lesion","subject_name":"Pathology","topic_name":null,"id":"e1dcedf1-efe7-42a8-91db-9add25a08681","choice_type":"multi"}441{"question":"Case control study was done regarding breast cancer & risk factors & odds ratio was obtained. Which of the following are causative factors ?ParameterCaseControlORAge at menarche>12171423291.04Menopause177124081.53OCP use93511051.02Smoking932140.97Family history5135021.10BMI>27.51654930.53Breastfeeding94225140.56Multiparity(2)277833661.05","exp":"Ans. (B) 5An odds ratio (OR) is a statistic that quantifies the strength of the association between two events, A and B.Two events are independent if and only if the OR equals 1: the odds of one event are the same in either the presence or absence of the other event.If the OR is greater than 1, then A and B are associated (correlated) in the sense that, compared to the absence of B, the presence of B raises the odds of A, and symmetrically the presence of A raises the odds of B.Conversely, if the OR is less than 1, then A and B are negatively correlated, and the presence of one event reduces the odds of the other event.Most Impoantly Odds ratio does not demonstrate causality .But we can say that they are positively correlated. Since 5 Factors have odds ratio more than 1 so the answer will be B","cop":2,"opa":"6","opb":"5","opc":"3","opd":"2","subject_name":"Social & Preventive Medicine","topic_name":null,"id":"9220447e-0ac6-41b7-b22d-07d1340b3641","choice_type":"single"}442{"question":"Compared with autoclave, use of a dry heat oven for sterilization has the following disadvantage:","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Time-consuming","opb":"Less effective","opc":"Causes instruments to rust","opd":"Causes sharp instruments to dull","subject_name":"Microbiology","topic_name":null,"id":"ac2748f3-0547-47df-ad39-72daa75fbd21","choice_type":"single"}443{"question":"A screening test is used in same way in two similar populations, but the proportion of false positive results among those who test positive in population A is lower than among those who test positive in population B. What is the likely explanation for this finding?","exp":"Total population having the disease : \u2018a + c\u2019 (TP + FN)\nTotal population not having the disease : \u2018b + d\u2019 (FP + TN)\nTotal population: a + b + c + d = TP + FP + FN + TN\n\nPPV depends on sensitivity, specificity and prevalence of disease in the population.\nNow in this question, a screening test is used in same way in two similar populations; thereby the screening test will have similar sensitivity and specificity in both populations.\nPPV = a\/ (a + (b) X 100, thus b (False Positive rate) is inversely proportional to PPV; and PPV is directly proportional to Prevalence of disease in a population.\nSo, False Positive rate (FP rate) is inversely proportional to the prevalence of disease in the population.\nTherefore, if the same screening test is having lower FP rate in population A (as compared to a similar population B), then this could be explained by higher prevalence of disease in population A\nAlso,","cop":1,"opa":"The prevalence of disease is higher in population A","opb":"The prevalence of disease is lower in population A","opc":"The specificity of the test is lower in population A","opd":"The specificity of the test is higher in population A","subject_name":"Social & Preventive Medicine","topic_name":null,"id":"d8b70d4b-8a90-4739-b18a-33c1d42b9708","choice_type":"multi"}444{"question":"Anti-centromere antibodies seen in which of the followings conditions:","exp":"It is seen in scleroderma. Limited form of scleroderma known as CREST has anti centromere antibody positive and generalized form has anti topoisomerase positive antibody Anti histone antibodies are positive in drug induced lupus Anti SS-A (RO) antibodies and anti SS-B(LA) antibodies are positive in Sjogren's Syndrome Most specific antibody in SLE is anti nuclear antibody and most specific antibody is anti ds-DNA and Anti smith antibody Presence of anti P antibody is associated with development if psychosis \/CNS manifestation in SLE patients Presence of anti RO antibody is associated with development of cutaneous lupus and congenital hea block Presence of b2 glycoprotein is associated with development of Antiphospholipid antibody","cop":4,"opa":"Drug induced lupus","opb":"SLE","opc":"Sjogren syndrome","opd":"Scleroderma","subject_name":"Pathology","topic_name":"AIIMS 2018","id":"d2f3fa53-c024-4179-bf34-169fd7b99fc9","choice_type":"single"}445{"question":"Denture cleaning tablets include all, EXCEPT","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Hydrogen peroxide","opb":"Alkaline material","opc":"Sodium perborate","opd":"Detergent","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"7d79778c-de93-4463-b0d4-13ae234adaa8","choice_type":"multi"}446{"question":"26 years old lady with H\/o recurrent abortion which of the following investigations you will do to confirm the diagnosis ?","exp":null,"cop":3,"opa":"PT","opb":"BT","opc":"Anti Russel viper venom antibodies","opd":"Clot solubility test","subject_name":"Gynaecology & Obstetrics","topic_name":null,"id":"86e32f87-3ea8-40e9-9968-a5b689d54f0d","choice_type":"single"}447{"question":"Shelf life of colourless, aqueous solution of suxamethonium is","exp":null,"cop":3,"opa":"6 months","opb":"1 year","opc":"2 yr","opd":"3 yr","subject_name":"Pharmacology","topic_name":null,"id":"6e5da328-bb2e-4848-bdff-56a722ca8d7b","choice_type":"single"}448{"question":"Infective endocarditis is least common in :","exp":null,"cop":4,"opa":"Mitral stenosis.","opb":"Aortic stenosis.","opc":"VSD.","opd":"ASD.","subject_name":"Medicine","topic_name":null,"id":"d8ae56a0-ea28-4047-9387-b0d1cf376fc4","choice_type":"single"}449{"question":"Facial nerve lies:","exp":null,"cop":4,"opa":"Below SMAS & above parotidomasseteric fascia","opb":"Above SMAS & below parotidomasseteric fascia","opc":"Above SMAS & above parotidomasseteric fascia","opd":"Below SMAS & below parotidomasseteric fascia","subject_name":"Surgery","topic_name":null,"id":"693b0566-ba96-4a38-ae93-42afcd84b3f2","choice_type":"multi"}450{"question":"Which of the following is common to both zinc eugenol cement and polycarboxylate cement?","exp":null,"cop":3,"opa":"Polyacrylic acid is liquid","opb":"Chemical bond to tooth structure","opc":"Chelation","opd":"Substitution of eugenol by EBA to increase strength of cement","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"4135c1a9-44e4-4872-a329-3cc4b7c1a587","choice_type":"multi"}451{"question":"What is the drug of choice of Bacterial vaginosis in pregnancy","exp":"BV is a maldistribution of normal vaginal flora Lactobacilli are decreased, and Anaerobic bacteria species are overrepresented. Anaerobes include Gardnerella, Prevotella, Mobiluncus, and Bacteroides species; Atopobium vaginae; BV-associated bacteria, provisionally named BVAB1, BVAB2, and BVAB3. Pregnancy -DOC - Metronidazole 500 mg twice daily orally for 7 days; 0.75-percent gel, intra-vaginally, daily for 5 days Clindamycin 2% One applicator intra-vaginally nightly for 7 days. 300 mg orally twice daily for 7 days 100-mg clindamycin ovules Vaginally nightly for 3 days","cop":1,"opa":"Metronidazole","opb":"Clindamycin","opc":"Erythromycin","opd":"Rovamycin","subject_name":"Gynaecology & Obstetrics","topic_name":"AIIMS 2019","id":"64fefa75-a0d1-45da-a81b-961ed7565c9c","choice_type":"single"}452{"question":"Which of the following is having Maximum buffering capacity","exp":"Answer-A- HistidineMaximum buffering capacity occurs at a pH equal to the pKa, So amino acid which has pKa range near physiologic pH can act as an effective buffer * lmidazole group of histidine - 6.5- 7.4 pKa range * SH group of cysteine- 8.5-9.0 pKa range * OH group of tyrosine - 9.5-10.5 pKa range* Arginine - > 12","cop":1,"opa":"Histidine","opb":"Cysteine","opc":"Tyrosine","opd":"Arginine","subject_name":"Biochemistry","topic_name":null,"id":"662c0f6c-a3d9-48a4-b21a-0cc20ef76b87","choice_type":"single"}453{"question":"For >10 mm setback of mandible, which of these surgeries is most suitable:","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"Sagittal split ramus osteotomy","opb":"Vertical ramus osteotomy","opc":"Subapical osteotomy","opd":"Body osteotomy  with extraction of premolars","subject_name":"Surgery","topic_name":null,"id":"f7d9f997-d9d6-40e0-a921-49bb343f8b52","choice_type":"single"}454{"question":"In full tooth borne dentures occlusal rests transmits _________ percentage of occlusal forces to teeth:","exp":null,"cop":4,"opa":"50%","opb":"70%","opc":"80%","opd":"100%","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"de4374af-70ba-41e4-b46a-5159e73a690e","choice_type":"single"}455{"question":"The definition of pyrexia of unknown origin includes all except:","exp":"Answer- B. Fever undiagnosed after 1 week of in-patient workupAccording to new definition of fever of unknown origin,fever undiagnosed after I week of in-patient work up is not included.","cop":2,"opa":"Diagnosis requires fever persisting for 3 weeks","opb":"Fever undiagnosed after 1 week of in-patient workup","opc":"Absence of immunological compromise","opd":"Temperature of 38.3degC or more","subject_name":"Medicine","topic_name":null,"id":"40a0dd3c-a176-4669-964e-5583d3917c4d","choice_type":"multi"}456{"question":"Subantimicrobial dose of doxycycline is","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"20 mg doxycycline","opb":"60 mg doxycycline","opc":"80 mg doxycycline","opd":"150 mg doxycycline","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"ee904a2e-7494-46ef-b976-22be596ed44f","choice_type":"single"}457{"question":"A child has bilirubin of 4 mg. Conjugated bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase are normal, bile salts and bile in urine are absent. However urobilinogen in urine is raised. What is the likely diagnosis \u2013","exp":"Important clues provided in question are -\n\n\nIncreased total bilirubin\n\nI So, T unconjugated bilirubin\n\nNormal conjugated bilirubin\n\n\nAmongst the given options, only hemolytic jaundice causes increased unconjugated bilirubin.\nRemaining three cause conjugated hyperbilirubinemia.","cop":4,"opa":"Obstructive jaundice","opb":"Rotor's syndrome","opc":"Biliary cholestasis","opd":"Hemolytic jaundice","subject_name":"Pediatrics","topic_name":null,"id":"4032c899-2223-435f-a007-c513fd59a065","choice_type":"single"}458{"question":"In mandibular primary second molar true statement is","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"ML is largest cusp and distobuccal is smallest","opb":"All buccal cusp are fo same size> all lingual cusp are of same size","opc":"DB is largest cusp","opd":"All of the above","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"0215b959-5db1-413b-b23e-466268b727ce","choice_type":"multi"}459{"question":"The advantage of ultra speed hand piece is:","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"Low frequency and high amplitude make the patient comfortable","opb":"High frequency and low amplitude do not let the patient perceive pain","opc":"Less trauma","opd":"None of the above","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"7cca234a-7ab2-4afa-980e-6772bf3c3f31","choice_type":"multi"}460{"question":"Highest incidence of atypical root canal or root among all teeth is seen in","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Mandibular 1st premolar","opb":"Mandibular canine","opc":"Maxillary 1stpremolar","opd":"Mandibular 2nd premolar","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"ed4c848b-b400-4d78-9c27-417bb44cced3","choice_type":"multi"}461{"question":"Which Hodgkin\u2019s disease is associated with best prognosis?","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Lymphocytic predominance","opb":"Lymphocyte depletion","opc":"Mixed cellularity","opd":"Nodular sclerosis","subject_name":"Medicine","topic_name":null,"id":"e4443b0c-20d3-464c-800b-b1ffe606f65d","choice_type":"single"}462{"question":"________occurs whenever there is an imbalance between myocardial oxygen supply and demand.","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"Sudden Death","opb":"Stable angina","opc":"Unstable angina","opd":"Myocardial infarction","subject_name":"Medicine","topic_name":null,"id":"26a82f11-4261-4975-bee9-ae8d4e74cdb7","choice_type":"single"}463{"question":"Mutation seen in sickle cell anemia:","exp":"Sickle-cell anemia Due to a single base alteration Point mutation Glutamate at the 6th position of b-chain of haemoglobin is replaced by Valine. UCA (serine) UCU (Serine) CCA (Proline) UAA (Stop codon) Silent mutation Mis-sense mutation Non sense Mutation","cop":1,"opa":"Point","opb":"Inseion","opc":"Deletion","opd":"Frame shift","subject_name":"Biochemistry","topic_name":"AIIMS 2019","id":"8b91d707-6038-40de-8833-d865318f791e","choice_type":"single"}464{"question":"Isolation period of measles:-","exp":"Isolation period of measles is Onset of prodromal phase until 3rd day of rash. Maximum communicability occurs from onset of prodrome through the first 3-4 days of rash.Prodromal phase-stage last for 4 days(from 10th to 14th day of infection) characterized by Fever, Koplik spots , coryza, nasal discharge, redness .Incubation period of measles is 10 daysEruptive phase- Maculopapular rash appear after 4 days of fever (14day after infection)","cop":3,"opa":"Onset of prodromal stage until 7th day of rash","opb":"Eruptive stage until 2 days of rash","opc":"Onset of prodromal phase until 3rd day of rash","opd":"Eruptive stage until 7th day of rash","subject_name":"Microbiology","topic_name":"AIIMS 2018","id":"653d9209-e3ec-4f56-bb30-6e9f74c210df","choice_type":"single"}465{"question":"Endocarditis culture sampling is done as:","exp":null,"cop":4,"opa":"2 culture 12 hrly","opb":"1 culture 12 hrly","opc":"2 culture 24 hrly","opd":"3 culture separated by 1 hr over 24 hour","subject_name":"Medicine","topic_name":null,"id":"c953149a-a76d-47a2-8d08-35614f87217a","choice_type":"single"}466{"question":"A 6-year old girl presents with fever tor the past 5 days, generalized erythematous rash, strawberry tongue and cervical lymphadenopathy. The most likely diagnosis is: (Asked twice)","exp":"Answer- B. Kawasaki diseaseThe most likely diagnosis is Kawasaki disease.","cop":2,"opa":"Kimura disease","opb":"Kawasaki disease","opc":"Scarlet fever","opd":"Rosie-Dorfman syndrome","subject_name":"Pediatrics","topic_name":null,"id":"45c32d6f-deb0-456a-91e8-9d264d471c0a","choice_type":"single"}467{"question":"Hematuria during labour in previous LSCS is sign","exp":"Now friends - here in the question it is asked specifically that hematuria is seen in a patient with previous LSCS during\nlabour - which indicates impending rupture of scar.\n\"There are no reliable signs of impending uterine rupture that occurs before labor, although the sudden appearance of gross hematuria is suggestive.\u201d\nCOGDT 10\/e, p 340\nHere in this questions obstructed labor is not given in the options, but even if it was given, I would have still opted for impending scar rupture as the question is specifically asking, in a case of previous LSCS.","cop":1,"opa":"Impending rupture of scar","opb":"Urethral trauma","opc":"Prolong labour","opd":"Sepsis","subject_name":"Gynaecology & Obstetrics","topic_name":null,"id":"ae4e70ec-f2cc-4afa-b122-cdb5a4eede13","choice_type":"single"}468{"question":"Delayed haemolytic transfusion involves all except?","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"Positive DAT","opb":"Spherocytes positive","opc":"Haemoglobinuria","opd":"Reduced haemoglobin","subject_name":"Surgery","topic_name":null,"id":"76dc78f2-39b2-47c0-97d1-3206032a777f","choice_type":"multi"}469{"question":"All the following can lead to damage of the axillary nerve except:","exp":"Ans: C. Improper use of crutches(Ref Apley's* 9\/c p282)Improper use of crutches causes radial nerve palsy mostly rather than axillaty nerve injury.Radial Nerve Injury:Very high lesions may be caused by trauma or operations around the shoulder.Due to chronic compression in the axilla.Seen in drink & drug addicts who fall into a stupor with the arm dangling over the back of a chair - Saturday night palsy.In thin elderly patients using crutches - Crutch palsy.Weakness of wrist & hand.Paralysed triceps.Absent triceps reflex.","cop":3,"opa":"Fracture of surgical neck of humerus","opb":"Intramuscular injection","opc":"Improper use of crutches","opd":"Shoulder dislocation","subject_name":"Surgery","topic_name":null,"id":"986ca051-80d8-4e46-9351-574892825c07","choice_type":"multi"}470{"question":"An infant presented to the OPD with a history of vomiting and malnutrition. Patient has blue eyes, blonde hair & fair skin. On investigation, Guthrie test was found to be positive. All are true regarding this disease EXCEPT:","exp":"This is Phenyl-ketonuria. Guthrie's bacterial inhibition test is a screening test for phenylketonuria (PKU), used to detect the abnormal presence of phenylalanine metabolites in blood i.e. Phenyl pyruvate, Phenyl alanine & Phenyl-lactate. FeCl3 detects phenyl alanine levels in urine. WITH REGARDS TO OTHER OPTIONS In Phenylketonuria, Phenylalanine is accumulated due to deficiency of enzyme Phenylalanine Hydroxylase. As a result Phenylalanine is not conveed to Tyrosine and is responsible for mental retardation in patients. Tyrosine becomes essential in these patients. CILINICAL MANIFESTATION CNS - Mental retardation, failure to walk and talk, growth retardation, seizures, tremors, microcephaly. Pigmentation - melanin is synthesized from tyrosine. so in PKU melanin is less result in hypopigmentation that cause light skin colour, blue eyes, fair hair Treatment - low phenylalanine content diet","cop":2,"opa":"Due to PAH enzyme defect","opb":"White patch of hair due to tryptophan deficiency","opc":"Phenyl acetate positive in urine","opd":"Mental retardation is present","subject_name":"Biochemistry","topic_name":"AIIMS 2018","id":"16c9d64f-af73-4cba-8699-8f4aeba2b60a","choice_type":"multi"}471{"question":"Which acid does not show coagulation necrosis on contact?","exp":"Ans: C. HF(Ref Reddy 34\/e p493, 33\/e p530; Principles of Clinical Toxicology 3\/e p220; Forensic Pathology 3\/ep241, 110).HF does not show coagulation necrosis on contact.Hydrofluoric acid causes liquefaction necrosis.","cop":3,"opa":"HC1","opb":"H,SO4","opc":"HF","opd":"HNO3","subject_name":"Forensic Medicine","topic_name":null,"id":"2ab8b27b-1646-4886-8378-f2f11f84a79e","choice_type":"single"}472{"question":"Hormones which is\/are under inhibitory control of hypothalamus:","exp":"Prolactin - predominantly under inhibitory control by the hypothalamus GH - hypothalamus exes inhibitory as well as stimulatory effect on GH secretion (GHIH = somatostatin has inhibitory effect on GH) (GHRH = stimulates GH secretion) Almost all secretions by the pituitary are controlled by either hormonal (anterior pituitary) or nervous (posterior pituitary) from the hypothalamus.","cop":4,"opa":"Prolactin","opb":"Prolactin only","opc":"GH","opd":"Both GH and prolactin","subject_name":"Physiology","topic_name":"AIIMS 2018","id":"22627526-3f16-48c0-8dd7-e522a82da86f","choice_type":"multi"}473{"question":"In myocardial infarction the first enzyme to rise:","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"CPK","opb":"LDH","opc":"SGOT","opd":"Amylase","subject_name":"Biochemistry","topic_name":null,"id":"70d87e90-4362-422a-9611-847021b23c33","choice_type":"single"}474{"question":"In a blood sample antiserum A and antiserum B and Rh +ve factor is added. No agglutination is seen. This is:","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"O group and Rh+ve","opb":"O group and Rh-ve","opc":"AB group and Rh+ve","opd":"AB group and Rh-ve","subject_name":"Physiology","topic_name":null,"id":"b0ed6bc7-e3ee-4e1b-abf2-b0fecb47c96c","choice_type":"single"}475{"question":"A 22 years old male presented with history of fever, sore throat and enlarged neck lymph nodes. He was ordered a Paul-Bunnell test with a suspicion of Infectious mononucleosis. What is the immunological basis behind the use of this test?","exp":"Answer- A. Heterophile antibody testEpstein-Bat virus (EBV) infection includes specific antibodies to EBV and various unrelated non-EBV heterophile antibodies. These heterophile antibodies reuct to antigens from animal RBCs. Sheep RBCs agglutinate in the presence of heterophile antibodies and are the basis for the Paul-Butrnell test.","cop":1,"opa":"Heterophile antibody test","opb":"Complement mediated agglutination reaction","opc":"Homophile antibody test","opd":"Latex agglutination test","subject_name":"Microbiology","topic_name":null,"id":"9700977a-4009-4233-8fab-fe55e727be6b","choice_type":"single"}476{"question":"Histopathologic study of lichen planus shows:","exp":"Histologic features of lichen planus include: \n\nSaw, tooth appearance of retepegs\nLiquefaction degeneration of basal layer which is replaced by thin band of eosinophilic coagulum\nPresence of civatte bodies\nCharacteristic band Like subepithelial mononuclear infiltrate consisting of T- lymphocytes and histiocytes sharply limited to papillary and most superficial portion of the reticular layers of connective tissue\nHyperparakeratosis or hyperorthokeratosis\nThickening of granular layer","cop":2,"opa":"Mixed cellular inflammatory infiltrate","opb":"Presence of T-Lymphocytes predominantly","opc":"Antiepithelial antibodies","opd":"Scattered infiltrate with ill-defined lower border","subject_name":"Pathology","topic_name":null,"id":"59ecbb71-66e3-4d3c-b963-b9ef607449e0","choice_type":"single"}477{"question":"Markers of acute kidney injury inculde all of the following except:","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Micro RNA-122","opb":"Cystatin C","opc":"N-gal","opd":"Kim-1","subject_name":"Biochemistry","topic_name":null,"id":"0844f1cb-0ac7-4d91-ae09-45cb590b533d","choice_type":"multi"}478{"question":"The microwave method of processing resin is better than the conventional in that it provides:","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"Better shine","opb":"Less porosity","opc":"Less shrinkage","opd":"Color stability","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"c3a007df-7c45-4ef1-a1b9-9814f4045ad2","choice_type":"single"}479{"question":"A 19-year-old woman presented with primary amenorrhea, sho stature, webbed neck and widely spaced nipples. Examination showed weak pulses in lower extremity and streak ovaries, raised FSH, no oocyte in histology of ovary. Karyotype most likely to be present:KCET 12; JIPMER 12; AIIMS 13; PGI 13","exp":"Ans. 45XOTurner's syndrome is a genetic disease with a karyotype of 45, X or 46, XX\/45, X (mosaicism) or other structural abnormalities of X chromosomes.With conventional chromosomal studies, about 50% of Turner syndrome patients show a 45,X pattern.* Mosaicism of 45,X with other cell lines such as 46,XX, 46,XY, or 47,XXX are common.* Structural abnormalities of an X chromosome (deletions, rings, or translocations), either isolated or mosaic with a 45,X or 46,XX cell line, are also seen.* With modern cytogenetic techniques, mosaicism is increasingly being detected.* The sho stature in Turner syndrome appears to be caused by the absence of one copy of the SHOX gene, which is located on the sho arm of the X chromosome.","cop":1,"opa":"45XO","opb":"47XXY","opc":"46XY","opd":"46XX","subject_name":"Forensic Medicine","topic_name":null,"id":"86155521-ea6f-485e-b258-14c51d44578e","choice_type":"single"}480{"question":"Example of excavator are all except:","exp":"The four subdivisions of excavators are\n\nOrdinary hatchets\nHoes\nAngle formers\nSpoons\n\nChisels are intended primarily for cutting enamel and may be grouped as\n\nStraight, slightly curved, or bin-angle\nEnamel hatchets\nGingival margin trimmers\n\nSturdevants operative dentistry 7th edition page e4","cop":3,"opa":"Hoe","opb":"Ordinary hatchet","opc":"Enamel hatchet","opd":"Angle former","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"f84f7b85-5106-4170-a49c-de1d0bc8bc7c","choice_type":"multi"}481{"question":"The special visceral afferent fibres of the facial nerve are located in which nuclei:","exp":null,"cop":3,"opa":"Motor nucleus","opb":"Nucleus ambiguous","opc":"Nucleus of tractus solitarius","opd":"Lacrimatory nucleus","subject_name":"Anatomy","topic_name":null,"id":"05898954-fc92-4bad-9b79-bfc238a3d416","choice_type":"single"}482{"question":"Best investigation for metabolic disorders is?","exp":"Most Powerful technique of screening of inborn error of metabolism is Tandem Mass Spectrometer. *TM Spectrometer combines two mass spectrometers. The first one is used to select a single (precursor) mass, which is characteristic of given analyte in the mixture. These selected ions are collided with neutral gas for activation. The second Mass Spectrometer is used to separate the fragment ions according to mass resulting in \"MS\/MS\" or MS2 spectrum. Advantage is that large number of samples can be dealt with in a sho time.. *HPLC is used as a confirmatory test of the primary test by TMS. HPLC has limited capacity, so not a good screening method. * An alternative good screening method is Microfluorometry (MFL).","cop":2,"opa":"Western blot","opb":"Tandem mass spectrometry","opc":"PCR","opd":"Gel electrophoresis","subject_name":"Biochemistry","topic_name":"AIIMS 2018","id":"a7a74ef5-0ff4-474c-b160-bd1c4fa24434","choice_type":"single"}483{"question":"Strain is defined as:","exp":"Strain\u2014Change in dimension per unit initial dimension. For tensile and compressive strain, a change in length is measured relative to the initial reference length.\nStrain, or the change in length per unit length, is the relative deformation of an object subjected to a stress. Strain may\u00a0be either elastic, plastic, elastic and plastic, or viscoelastic. Elastic strain is reversible. The object fully recovers its original shape when the force is removed.\u00a0\nPhillips dental materials 12th edition page no 48, 51","cop":2,"opa":"An applied load or force","opb":"A deformation resulting from an applied load","opc":"An external force opposing an applied load","opd":"An internal force opposing an applied Load","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"00aa1776-c20f-40c5-9412-11932a24f9bf","choice_type":"single"}484{"question":"Which cement is irritating to the pulp?","exp":"The phosphoric acid in the liquid makes the mixture quite acidic and therefore cytotoxic, when a prosthesis is luted with\u00a0this cement\u00a0on\u00a0a\u00a0prepared\u00a0tooth.\u00a0As\u00a0setting occurs,\u00a0the\u00a0acidity\u00a0is\u00a0partially\u00a0neutralized,\u00a0but\u00a0the\u00a0cement\u00a0remains acidic after 24 hours, with the pH rising from about 3\u00a0to\u00a0about\u00a06.\u00a0For\u00a0thin\u00a0layers\u00a0of\u00a0dentin,\u00a0a\u00a0cavity\u00a0liner\u00a0(i.e.,Ca2)\u00a0is\u00a0recommended\u00a0to\u00a0prevent\u00a0an\u00a0adverse\u00a0pulpal response from the pressure of luting, which forces acid into\u00a0the\u00a0pulp\u00a0tissue.\u00a0Younger\u00a0patients\u00a0are\u00a0especially\u00a0susceptible, because they have a more open dentin tubule area, whereas older patients with sclerotic dentin will have a more tortuous path that restricts the penetration of acid toward the pulp.\nKey concept\u200b\u200b :\npH of the cement\nThe acidity is high at the time of insertion due to phosphoric acid. At the time of cementation, the pH is 2 (approx.). As time passes, the acidity reduces. By the end of 24 hours, the pH is 5.5, which is still in the acidic range (neutral value is 7).\nPulpal response:\u00a0The pulp response may be classified as moderate.","cop":3,"opa":"Carboxylate cement","opb":"Zinc oxide-eugenol cement","opc":"Zinc phosphate","opd":"Ethoxybenzoic acid","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"769fac02-71ac-4554-bade-5d6a9a5edfb4","choice_type":"single"}485{"question":"APGAR scores of 30 children are recorded in a hospital and most of the readings are found to be 7 or above. What can you make out about this data distribution?","exp":"Ans: B. Negatively skewed data(Ref Park 24Ie p886, 23Ie p847, 22Ie p786; High Yield Statistics\/p67)Since more number of children has a higher APGAR score, the tail of the distribution curve will be towards the right.Hence, the data will be negatively skewed.Skewed Data Negative skewPositive skewLeft tail is longerdegMass of distribution is concentrated on the right of figuredegDistribution is said to be left-skewed, left-tailed, or skewed to the leftdeg.Right tail is longerdegMass of distribution is concentrated on the left of figuredeg.Distribution is said to be right-skewed, right-tailed, or skewed to the rightdeg.","cop":2,"opa":"Positively skewed data","opb":"Negatively skewed data","opc":"Normal distribution","opd":"Symmetrically skewed data","subject_name":"Social & Preventive Medicine","topic_name":null,"id":"9966da1a-111f-4674-b558-d4f28759caff","choice_type":"multi"}486{"question":"Is it possible to remove centric interference and working interference by reducing supporting cusps in natural dentition:","exp":null,"cop":3,"opa":"Yes","opb":"No","opc":"Yes but we should avoid it","opd":"It is not possible to remove both the interferences simultaneously.","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"9a4a67be-7443-404f-b8fe-48173b84046b","choice_type":"multi"}487{"question":"Incision given within hairline, 45\u00b0 to zygoma is:","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Gillis temporal","opb":"Alkat Bramley","opc":"Risdon","opd":"Morey","subject_name":"Surgery","topic_name":null,"id":"0e7c7436-6b35-4b36-b2f2-914d34992d11","choice_type":"single"}488{"question":"Which of the following has least density?","exp":"Major Classes of Lipoproteins:\nBased on ultracentrifugation, in the ascending order of density is\n\nChylomicrons (Least density)\nVery Low Density Lipoproteins (VLDL)\nLow Density Lipoproteins (LDL)\nCaps-Intermediate density Lipoproteins (IDL)\nHigh Density Lipoproteins (HDL)","cop":4,"opa":"VLDL","opb":"LDL","opc":"HDL","opd":"Chylomicrons","subject_name":"Biochemistry","topic_name":null,"id":"714eb700-67f2-4ce9-ab0d-ffdf8660ac08","choice_type":"single"}489{"question":"A 42 years old male patient presented with jaundice. His AST was 48 U, ALT was 51 U, ALP, GGTP were normal. Ultrasound of liver was suggestive of cirrhosis. Viral markers were done and the following results were obtained.TestResultAnti-HAVNegativeAnti-HBsAgNegativeAnti-HBeAgNegativeAnti-HBcAg IgGPositiveAnti-HBcAg IgMNegativeHBsAgNegativeAnti-HCVPositiveAnti-HEVNegativeWhat is the next best step in management of this patient?","exp":"Ans: C. -PCR for hepatitis C virus(Ref Harrison 19\/e p2017, 2018: 18\/e p2551)Positive Anti-HBcAg IgG:Mere indicator of hepatitis B infection in past.Positive Anti-HCV antibody:Most sensitive indicator of HCV infection - Presence of HCV.Presence of Anti-HCV antibody points to hepatitis C infection a Hence HCV-RNA levels determined to establish chronic hepatitis C diagnosis before staing Interferon therapy.Requires molecular amplification by PCR.Testing for HCV RNA or repeat anti-HCV testing later stages - Necessary to establish diagnosis.","cop":3,"opa":"Sta interferon therapy","opb":"Liver biopsy","opc":"-PCR for hepatitis C virus","opd":"PCR for HBV-DNA","subject_name":"Medicine","topic_name":null,"id":"13bd873e-5bc0-4ae0-9ff3-527d40dc3fa5","choice_type":"multi"}490{"question":"Action of the muscle marked (with arrow) on mandible is","exp":"Muscle marked - temporalis Elevators of mandible: MTM Masseter Elevation, protraction Temporalis Elevation retraction Medial pterygoid Elevation, protraction Depressors of mandible Lateral pterygoid Depression, protraction Mylohyoid Depression Ant. belly of digastric Depression Muscle of mastication develop from 1st pharyngeal arch Nerve - mandibular branch of trigeminal.","cop":1,"opa":"Elevation","opb":"Depression","opc":"Retraction","opd":"Protraction","subject_name":"Anatomy","topic_name":"AIIMS 2018","id":"7060bcf3-fde4-41e3-ad46-260857a92b46","choice_type":"single"}491{"question":"Which is associated with defect in DNA repair","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Xeroderma pigmentosum","opb":"Albinism","opc":"Icthyosis","opd":"Sickle cell anaemia","subject_name":"Pathology","topic_name":null,"id":"8b84483e-3b11-4c8b-8e10-ba9f512b7341","choice_type":"single"}492{"question":"A child to emergency with accidental ingestion of cyanide. It blocks citric acid cycle by blocking:","exp":"Ans: C. NAORef: Harper 30Ie p132)Cyanide blocks citric acid cycle by blocking NAD+","cop":3,"opa":"Aconitase","opb":"Acetyl-CoA production","opc":"NAO","opd":"Citrate","subject_name":"Biochemistry","topic_name":null,"id":"399563b2-ad18-41a9-82bc-3d49e1642fd9","choice_type":"single"}493{"question":"When a dentist says that \" I cannot fix your teeth if you do not open your mouth wide:\" He is employing:","exp":"Problem ownership:\n\nNegative messages like 'You must sit still'; undermine the rapport between child and dentist. \"You\" messages carry the implication that the child is wrong.\nInstead \"I\" messages increase the flow of information. Eg: I cannot fix your teeth if you do not open your mouth wide. This is called problem ownership.","cop":1,"opa":"Problem ownership.","opb":"Voice control","opc":"Tolerance.","opd":"Flexibility.","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"c68dea51-2e4e-4276-89b2-30b2337be400","choice_type":"single"}494{"question":"A 55-year-old male presents with severe backache for 10 days and urinary incontinence with a H\/o Interveebral lumbar disc prolapse. There is no H\/o fever or weight loss. What is the likely diagnosis?","exp":"Ans: C: Cauda equine syndromeRef: Apley!c system of ohopaedics and fracture 9\" ed., pg. 246,480Cauda equina is tuft of fibres which begins at the end of spinal cord.Compression over this pa may cause cauda equina syndrome.Causes of Cauda equina syndrome are:Lumbar disc herniation, Spinal canal stenosis, Trauma, Abscess etc.","cop":3,"opa":"Potts spine","opb":"Multiple myeloma","opc":"Cauda equine syndrome","opd":"Bone metastasis","subject_name":"Surgery","topic_name":null,"id":"78b95ab4-b15f-4942-b618-8b36e946a5d0","choice_type":"single"}495{"question":"Metallic taste is due to SnF in saliva is","exp":null,"cop":3,"opa":"Stannous triphosphate","opb":"Stannic triphosphate","opc":"Tin hydroxyl phosphate","opd":"Stannous hydroxide","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"0fd4145e-dd41-4526-be14-77e4dc457b1d","choice_type":"multi"}496{"question":"Pediatric patient planned for costochondral graft for TMJ ankylosis is intubated best by","exp":null,"cop":3,"opa":"Topical anesthesia plus sedation","opb":"General anaesthesia","opc":"Awake fibreoptic intubation","opd":"Tracheostomy","subject_name":"Surgery","topic_name":null,"id":"edd8ad29-2dd6-4e4b-8494-0f6af658444d","choice_type":"single"}497{"question":"Thyroglossal fistula is:","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"Lined by squamous epithelium","opb":"Causes a bulge in neck","opc":"Inflammatory lesion","opd":"Precancerous lesion","subject_name":"Surgery","topic_name":null,"id":"e9c312b7-2cc1-41ec-8daa-a55d69514721","choice_type":"single"}498{"question":"Fluoride pit and fissure sealants belong to which\ngeneration?","exp":"TYPES OF PIT AND FISSURE SEALANTS\n1. Based on curing method:\nFirst generation:\n\nPolymerized with ultraviolet light of 350 nm wavelength.\u00a0\nAbsorbs UV light excessively and prevents complete polymerization of the sealant.\u00a0\nLight intensity varies from lamp to lamp.\n\nSecond generation:\n\nSelf-cured or chemically cured.\u00a0\nMost of them were unfilled.\u00a0\nCan be transparent, opaque or tinted.\u00a0\nFilled show increased wear and abrasion resistance than unfilled.\n\nThird generation - Visible light cured of 480-490 nm wavelength.\u00a0\nFourth generation -\u00a0With addition of fluoride for\u00a0added benefit.\nSoben Peter\n5th edition\nPage no. 440","cop":4,"opa":"I","opb":"II","opc":"III","opd":"IV","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"75394ad7-5dde-4b6b-8cec-7365972b5dd6","choice_type":"single"}499{"question":"Which of the following is true about Catlan's appliance?","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"It is used to treat cross-bite of maxillary posterior teeth","opb":"It is constructed on the lower anterior teeth with an inclined plane","opc":"If used for a long period it results in anterior deep bite","opd":"Of constructed on the upper anterior teeth it has a 45 degree angulation","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"2e8bf810-fae5-49c4-8d7d-b27d8073d414","choice_type":"multi"}500{"question":"Which teeth are least involved in periodontitis?","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"Lower incisor and lower molar","opb":"Lower premolar and upper canine","opc":"Upper molars and upper incisors","opd":"Lower incisors and upper molars","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"0209aeca-8c86-4341-afbf-d702a7f4f47c","choice_type":"single"}501{"question":"Prucalopride drug is ?","exp":"Ans. A. 5HT4 agonist* Prucalopride is a drug acting as a selective, high affinity 5-HT4 receptor agonist which targets the impaired motility associated with chronic constipation, thus normalizing bowel movements.* Approved for use in Europe in 2009.* Prucalopride, a first in class dihydro-benzofuran-carboxamide, is a selective, high affinity serotonin (5-HT4) receptor agonist with enterokinetic activities.* Prucalopride alters colonic motility patterns serotonin 5-HT4 receptor stimulation: it stimulates colonic mass movements, which provide the main propulsive force for defecation.* The observed effects are exeed highly selective action on 5-HT4 receptor.* Prucalopride has >150-fold higher affinity for 5-HT4 receptors than for other receptors.","cop":1,"opa":"5HT4 agonist","opb":"5HT2b agonist","opc":"5HT2b antagonist","opd":"5HT2a agonist","subject_name":"Pharmacology","topic_name":null,"id":"cafc0a38-bb29-4271-a180-95433a85392c","choice_type":"single"}502{"question":"During voluntary movements, Golgi tendon organ has an impoant role to play because it continuously relays to the efferent neurons:","exp":"Ans: D. Tension in the muscle(Ref.: Ganong 25\/e p232; Guyton 13\/e p697, 701).Golgi tendon organ senses muscle tension.\"The Golgi organ (also called Golgi tendon organ, GTO, tendon organ, neurotendinous organ or neurotendinous spindle) senses changes in muscle tension.It is a proprioceptive sensory receptor organ that is at the origins and inseion of skeletal muscle fibers into the tendons of skeletal muscle. It provides the sensory component of the Golgi tendon reflex.","cop":4,"opa":"Length of the muscle at rest","opb":"Change in angle of joint during motion","opc":"Change in length of muscle before and after the movement","opd":"Tension in the muscle","subject_name":"Physiology","topic_name":null,"id":"f6c37d84-4658-45dd-b75d-741f6f1bcff2","choice_type":"single"}503{"question":"The hormone, which stimulates uterus contraction and lets down milk, is:","exp":null,"cop":4,"opa":"Progesterone","opb":"Prolactin","opc":"Prostaglandin","opd":"Oxytocin","subject_name":"Physiology","topic_name":null,"id":"bc7fdabc-0c33-4e85-befe-0015ca601164","choice_type":"single"}504{"question":"Production and citation impact of published work of a scientist or scholar","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"Impact factor","opb":"Citation","opc":"H index","opd":"Z index","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"6b3b112c-3f6a-4f33-afe6-421e410a1700","choice_type":"single"}505{"question":"Ig in GCF?","exp":null,"cop":3,"opa":"Ig A","opb":"Ig M","opc":"Ig G","opd":"Ig D","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"b84028e6-34ae-44f6-9deb-10d9122d592f","choice_type":"single"}506{"question":"The function of compensating curve is","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"To provide balanced occlusion in complete dentures when mandible is protruded","opb":"To aid in establishing an incisal guide","opc":"Same as function of curve of spee","opd":"None of the above","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"8db1c114-d051-431f-93d1-4a7f2ae7d2a6","choice_type":"multi"}507{"question":"Induction of inhalational agent is faster.","exp":"Answer- B. Combined with nitrous oxideInduction of inhalational agent is faster, if it is combined with nitrous oxide.'The blood:gas paition coelficient is the mainfactor that determines the rate of induction and recovery of an inhalationanaesthesic, and the lower the blood: gas paition coefficient, the faster is induction and recovery.The second gos effect usually refers to nitrous oxide combined with an inhalation agent. Because nitrous oxide is notsoluble in blood, its rapid absorption from alveoli causes an abrupt rise in the alveolar concentration of the otherinhalation anesthetic leading to faster induction.","cop":2,"opa":"Agent with high blood gas solubility","opb":"Combined with nitrous oxide","opc":"Person with increased residual volume","opd":"Right to left shunt","subject_name":"Anaesthesia","topic_name":null,"id":"3fb75e9e-82c7-424f-b7ff-60e5ddaa24b5","choice_type":"single"}508{"question":"Hammock ligament is present:","exp":null,"cop":3,"opa":"Between temporal and sphenoid bone","opb":"Between hamular notch and mandible","opc":"In apical area of a tooth","opd":"As a part of deep cervical fascia","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"bbe12324-c347-478e-b5bb-9a39e8969571","choice_type":"single"}509{"question":"Centric holding cusp is?","exp":null,"cop":4,"opa":"Mesiobuccal cusp of maxillary 1st molar","opb":"Mesiolingual cusp of mandibular first molar","opc":"Distolingual cusp of mandibular 1st molar","opd":"Mesiopalatal cusp of maxillary 1st molar","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"7c79a7f1-20d7-4205-a05a-f974ecc2186c","choice_type":"single"}510{"question":"What is the Ilekt step in management of a 32 years old woman with a 5 years history of primary infeil-ity with bilateral tubal block seen at cornu on hys-terosalpingogram?","exp":"Answer- B. Laparoscopy and hysteroscopyBilateral tubal block at cornu should be confirmed using Laparoscopy and hysteroscopy (Chromopeubation test), which is the gold standard. Trestment of choice will be tuboplosty, but other causes like spasm shoukl be ruled out ss hysterosalpingogram is not a very reliable test.","cop":2,"opa":"In vitro feilization","opb":"Laparoscopy and hysteroscopy","opc":"Intracytoplasmic sperm injection","opd":"Tuboplasty","subject_name":"Gynaecology & Obstetrics","topic_name":null,"id":"09971098-f9bf-4cc3-969f-e77e18595c96","choice_type":"multi"}511{"question":"Pickling is done:","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"To remove oxide film from casting","opb":"Polish the casting","opc":"Improve the strength of casting","opd":"Avoid casting defects","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"bdc7d080-b3a4-4edb-acc4-08a35d181e75","choice_type":"single"}512{"question":"MHC Class II proteins are expressed by:","exp":"Answer- A. B-cells, dendritic cells and macrophagesMHC Class II proteins are expressed by all antigen-presenting cells, which include B-cells, follicular dendritic cells and macrophages. MHC Class I proteins are expressed by all nucleated cells, which excludes platelets and RBCsHLA class I antigens (A, B and C) are found on the surface of viually all nucleated cells- They ere the principal antigens involved in graft rejection and cell-mediated cytolysis.Class, I molecules may function as components of hormonal receptors. HLA class II antigens are more restricted in distribution, being found only on cells of the immune system macrophages, dendritic cells, activated T cells, and paicularly on B cells.\"","cop":1,"opa":"B-cells, dendritic cells and macrophages","opb":"Platelets","opc":"T-cells","opd":"All nucleated cells","subject_name":"Microbiology","topic_name":null,"id":"de1065e8-37ba-4b6b-a05d-f967fdf76f58","choice_type":"multi"}513{"question":"Soft tissue curettage is used for:","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Shallow pockets with gingivitis","opb":"Deep pockets with gingivitis","opc":"Infrabony pockets","opd":"Oedematous gingiva","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"a0c6e73e-5ed5-42b5-a71c-24e031f7e7e8","choice_type":"multi"}514{"question":"All are true about RVG except:","exp":"The digital radiographic resolution is lower than produced with silver halide emulsions.","cop":4,"opa":"80% reduction of patient exposure","opb":"Instant imaging","opc":"Easy to storage and retrieval.","opd":"Image is sharper than caused by silver halide.","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"c1ad828e-687d-4f0b-b014-9b0b5555548e","choice_type":"multi"}515{"question":"HCO3\/H2CO3 is the best buffer because it is:","exp":"Ans: B. Its components can be increased or decreased in the body as needed(Ref:Harper 30\/e p11; Gaizung 25\/e p6).HCO\/H2CO3:Best buffer.As components can be increased or decreased in body as needed.Bicarbonate buffer system:Most powerful extracellular buffer in body.Since both elements of buffer system (HCO 3- & CO).Regulated respectively by kidneys & lungs.pH of extracellular fluid precisely controlled by HCO removal & addition by kidneys & CO 2 removal by lungs.","cop":2,"opa":"pKa near physiological pH","opb":"Its components can be increased or decreased in the body as needed","opc":"Good acceptor and donor of H+ ions","opd":"Combination of a weak acid and weak base","subject_name":"Biochemistry","topic_name":null,"id":"20445700-6fe0-4e44-b27c-561d580c5ea9","choice_type":"single"}516{"question":"Which of the following is an essential fatty acid?","exp":"The fatty acids that are required\u00a0by humans, but are not synthesized in the body, hence need to be supplied in the diet are known as essential fatty acid (EFA). Humans lack the enzymes that can introduce double bond beyond 9th Carbon.\nThey are Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid namely:\n\nLinoleic acid.\nAlpha linolenic acid.\nArachidonic acid is considered as semi-essential fatty acid as, it can be synthesized from linoleic acid.","cop":3,"opa":"Linoleic acid","opb":"Alpha linolenic acid","opc":"Both of the above","opd":"None of the above","subject_name":"Biochemistry","topic_name":null,"id":"ed24d502-040d-47a0-b3ed-d355cd0481a8","choice_type":"multi"}517{"question":"In female adrenal gland secretes which hormone?","exp":"Ans. D. DHEADHEA is an endogenous steroid hormone. This means it is naturally made by the body, and it spurs specific tissues or cells into action.It is also known as androstenolone, 3b-hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one and 5-androsten-3b-ol-17-one.DHEA is one of the most abundant steroid hormones in the human body. It is produced by the adrenal glands, the gonads, and the brain.It is normally found in the form of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS).The body holds DHEAS in reserve and conves it to specific hormones when needed.It is impoant for creating estrogen and androgen sex hormones and contributes to the development of so-called androgenic effects, or masculinization.These changes include the production of oilier skin, changes in body odor, and the growth of armpit and pubic hair.","cop":4,"opa":"Progesterone","opb":"Testosterone","opc":"Estrogen","opd":"DHEA","subject_name":"Physiology","topic_name":null,"id":"6bd02755-f813-46d8-87ff-e40297a2a949","choice_type":"single"}518{"question":"Which of the following is the function of Hyperpolarizing Cyclic Nucleotide (HCN) gated channels?","exp":"Ans: A. Cardiac rhythm generationHyperpolarizing Cycling Nucleotide (HCN) gated channels:Present in SA & AV nodes.Channel opens in hyperpolarization phase.Essential for generating pacemaker potential in SA Node (cardiac rhythm generation).HCN-Nervous systemHCN-Cardiovascular systemControls neuronal excitability, synaptic transmission & rhythmic oscillatory activity in individual neurons & neuronal networks.Play an impoant role in synaptic plasticity & memory, thalamocoical rhythms & somatic sensation.Some evidence indicates they also play a role in mechanisms of epilepsy & pain.HCN4 is the main isoform expressed in the SA node, but low levels of HCN1 & HCN2 are also seen.Current through HCN channels, called \"funny current or pacemaker current\", plays a key role in generation & modulation of cardiac rhythmicity.","cop":1,"opa":"Cardiac rhythm generation","opb":"Generation of mitochondrial action potential","opc":"Myocardial muscle contraction","opd":"Memory formation","subject_name":"Physiology","topic_name":null,"id":"eb01af3c-48a4-484b-a376-1074eb7450e2","choice_type":"single"}519{"question":"A 4 year old child sustained a fracture in central incisor one month ago. On examination, a necrotic pulp was seen with no other pathological findings. The treatment of choice is:","exp":"A 4 year old child sustained a fracture in central incisor one month ago. On\u00a0examination, a necrotic pulp was seen with no other pathological \ufb01ndings. The\u00a0treatment of choice is endodontic treatment and root canal \ufb01lling with ZOE.","cop":4,"opa":"Watchful observation","opb":"Extraction followed by space maintainer","opc":"Pulpectomy and root canal filling with gutta percha","opd":"Endodontic treatment and root canal filling with ZOE","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"62b9add2-a5e9-451f-92c2-2eee629ee143","choice_type":"single"}520{"question":"Both ketogenic and glucogenic amino acids as","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Isoleucine","opb":"Leucine","opc":"Arginine","opd":"Glycine","subject_name":"Biochemistry","topic_name":null,"id":"5948bf46-bda9-45d2-8165-c12f8387e345","choice_type":"multi"}521{"question":"An un-immunized 13 months old child comes to you in OPD, according to the latest immunizations schedule, what vaccines will you advise??","exp":"Ans: D. OPV 3 doses, 3 IPV 3 DPI : Hep-BRef: ip. o rg\/file s\/I A P-imm unizution-sc he du le- 2 0 I 6- I P- 2 0 I 6-E p u b. p df* The latest schedule of immunization under NIS is as follows:* vNational Immunization Schedule (NIS) for Infants, children and Presnant women - - OPV 3 doses, 3 IPV 3 DPI : Hep-B","cop":4,"opa":"OPV 3 doses, I IPV 3 Pentavalent and I measles","opb":"BCG, OPV 3 doses, 3 lPV, 3 Pentavalent and I measles","opc":"OPV 3 doses, I IPV 3 Pentavalent and 2 measles","opd":"OPV 3 doses, 3 IPV 3 DPI : Hep-B","subject_name":"Pediatrics","topic_name":null,"id":"238019d8-3c6b-486e-9d00-fda1273d22e7","choice_type":"single"}522{"question":"A 32 weeks pregnant female presented with labor pains and minimal vaginal discharge, on analysis of the cervicovaginal discharge showed presence of fetal fibronectin. What is the probable diagnosis?","exp":"Fibronectin is a glycoprotein that binds amnion and chorion to the decidua of uterus. Normally present in the cervicovaginal secretions before 22 weeks and after 37 weeks of pregnancy. Presence of Fibronectin (>50ng\/ml) in between these weeks is suggestive of preterm labor. When the test is negative it reassures that delivery will not occur within next 7 days.","cop":1,"opa":"Preterm labour","opb":"IUGR","opc":"IUD","opd":"Cervical infection","subject_name":"Gynaecology & Obstetrics","topic_name":"AIIMS 2018","id":"05f7f85c-a5f7-438b-a8b4-afd025228b21","choice_type":"single"}523{"question":"A65-year-old male adult presents with chronic sinusitis, nasopharyngeal ulcers, cavitatory lung nodules and renal failure. What will be the appropriate next diagnostic step?","exp":"Ans: C. ANCA and evaluation for vasculitis(Ref Harrison 19\/e p2182-2184, 18\/e p2786, 2789)Suggestive of Wegener's Granulomatosis.Wegener's Granulomatosis:c-ANCA positive small vessel vasculitis. levels are required for diagnosis.Tests:Specificity of a positive antiproteinase-3 ANCA for granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener's) is very high, especially if active glomerulonephritis is present.However, the presence of ANCA should be adjunctive and, with rare exceptons, should not substitute for a tissue diagnosis.","cop":3,"opa":"Lung biopsy","opb":"Sputum AFB and PCR for TB","opc":"ANCA and evaluation for vasculitis","opd":"ESR","subject_name":"Medicine","topic_name":null,"id":"babb3528-da02-4ffa-b15f-4a678c902be2","choice_type":"multi"}524{"question":"All of the following are true about COPD except:","exp":null,"cop":4,"opa":"Decreased FEV1","opb":"Decreased MEFR","opc":"Increased RV","opd":"Decreased diffusion capacity","subject_name":"Medicine","topic_name":null,"id":"7ffc9c61-2859-48c9-8d16-7776f1e81c3d","choice_type":"multi"}525{"question":"Bias that arises from evaluating data on patients and hospital records only such that probability of exposure to a particular factor is increased is known as:","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Berkesonian bias","opb":"Confound bias","opc":"Memory or recall bias","opd":"Selection bias","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"0915d8e7-21e1-4755-99a0-ac45b259c408","choice_type":"multi"}526{"question":"A midwife at a PI-IC is monitoring pregnancy and maintaining the paograph of pregnancy progression. At how much cervical dilation should the paograph plotting be staed?","exp":"Answer- A. 4 cmPaograph recording is usually staed after a cervical dilation of 3 cm (not the 4 cm), i.e. the active stage of labor As 3 cm is not given in the option, we have to choose 4 cm.","cop":1,"opa":"4 cm","opb":"5 cm","opc":"6 cm","opd":"8 cm","subject_name":"Gynaecology & Obstetrics","topic_name":null,"id":"086cd30e-0ed9-4b7b-9346-38529b1445b8","choice_type":"single"}527{"question":"Geniculate neuralgia is caused in the nerve","exp":"Geniculate neuralgia (Nervus intermedius neuralgia) results from herpes zoster infection of geniculate ganglion and nervus intermedius branch of seventh cranial nerve.","cop":1,"opa":"VII","opb":"IX","opc":"X","opd":"II","subject_name":"Pathology","topic_name":null,"id":"05863ba7-3f7b-48eb-a74b-7cd2598065b4","choice_type":"single"}528{"question":"Empty Thecal sac sign in:","exp":"* Arachnoiditis is chronic inflammation of meninges and can occur after intrathecal injection of contrast agent, infections, drugs leading to nerve root getting adhered into peripheral meninges giving the appearance of EMPTY THECAL SAC sign on T2 weighted MRI * Tethered Cord Syndrome is when the spinal cord extends below the elbow level due to lipoma of Filum terminal or post op scarring\/ adhesions that prevent spinal cord from ascending upward and it remains below L2 level.","cop":1,"opa":"Arachnoiditis","opb":"Tethered Cord syndrome","opc":"Veebral osteomyelitis","opd":"Discitis","subject_name":"Radiology","topic_name":"AIIMS 2018","id":"d7f6905a-377d-4fa0-a5a5-d7f5c8d8ac4f","choice_type":"single"}529{"question":"An absolute indication for LSCS in case of a Heart disease is:","exp":"Heart disease during pregnancy, in itself is not an indication for cesarean section.\nCesarean section in heart disease is done in specific cases.\n\n\u201cIn coarctation of aorta, elective cesarean section is indicated to prevent rupture of the aorta or mycotic cerebral aneurysm.\u201d\n\nDutta Obs. 7\/e, p 278","cop":1,"opa":"Co-arctation of Aorta","opb":"Eisenmenger syndrome","opc":"Ebsteins anomaly","opd":"Pulmonary stenosis","subject_name":"Gynaecology & Obstetrics","topic_name":null,"id":"7ce281ed-c512-4456-a9f7-87b7620d628d","choice_type":"single"}530{"question":"Which is not true about vibrio cholera","exp":null,"cop":4,"opa":"It is non-halophilic","opb":"Grows on simple media","opc":"Man is the only natural host","opd":"Cannot survive in extracellular environment","subject_name":"Microbiology","topic_name":null,"id":"f23569ea-da84-4e74-aa14-69c64f04424d","choice_type":"multi"}531{"question":"Gene commonly indicated in congenital cataract:","exp":"Answer- B. CRYGS-3'Gene-S crystalline gene (CRYGS) mutalion causes dominant progressive coical cataract in humans.","cop":2,"opa":"PAX-6","opb":"CRYGS-3","opc":"LMX- IB","opd":"PITX-3","subject_name":"Ophthalmology","topic_name":null,"id":"71803632-1b88-4332-88f5-be3ac2515b85","choice_type":"single"}532{"question":"A case of jaundice with 50% direct bilirubin, other LFTs normal. Diagnosis is \u2013","exp":"50% direct bilirubin means conjugated hyperbilirubinemia.\nNormally the direct (conjugated) bilirubin is less than 15-20% of total bilirubin.\n\nNormal Values of bilirubin\nTotal bilirubin\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 >\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 0.2 - 1.9 mg\/d1.\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Direct bilirubin >\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 0 - 0.3 mg\/dl.\n\nSo, this child has : -\n\n\nConjugated hyperbilirubinemia\nOther LFTs normal\n\n\nAmongst the given options, Rotor syndrome and Primary biliary cirrhosis cause conjugated hyperbilirubinemia.\nIn Primary biliary cirrhosis, other LFTs are also abnormal, e.g., SGOT and SGPT are raised. Now we are left with Rotor syndrome which causes conjugated hyperbilirubinemia. Other LFTs are normal.","cop":1,"opa":"Rotor syndrome","opb":"Gilbert syndrome","opc":"Glucuronyl transferase deficiency","opd":"Primary biliary cirrhosis","subject_name":"Pediatrics","topic_name":null,"id":"3b184f01-db13-4379-ab0b-7709853e0326","choice_type":"single"}533{"question":"Pickling:","exp":null,"cop":3,"opa":"Is accomplished by soaking the casting in baking soda","opb":"Causes porosity in gold","opc":"Removes surface oxides from gold castings","opd":"Remove investment from gold casting","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"bd9727ab-e559-41ba-9006-304697e2c9b7","choice_type":"single"}534{"question":"Easiest 3rd molar surgical extraction is:","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Mesioangular","opb":"Horizontal","opc":"Vertical","opd":"Distoangular","subject_name":"Surgery","topic_name":null,"id":"b304b0be-c800-43e4-be04-739bd0cc47fd","choice_type":"single"}535{"question":"In examining the edentulous mouth of an aged patient wearing complete maxillary denture against six mandibular teeth, the dentist will see:","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"Cystic degeneration of the foramina of the anterior palatine nerve","opb":"Loss of osseous structure in the anterior maxilla","opc":"Flabby tissue in the posterior region","opd":"Decrease interocclusal distance","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"4cb6b49b-3422-4add-9f90-7a7d6678be62","choice_type":"single"}536{"question":"Obstructive sleep apnoea caused by the following","exp":null,"cop":4,"opa":"Mandibular ameloblasma","opb":"Dentigerous cyst","opc":"Orbital fracture","opd":"Bilateral TMJ ankylosis","subject_name":"Surgery","topic_name":null,"id":"18f4759f-08b6-4600-b14c-27e86a1e7e38","choice_type":"single"}537{"question":"Von Willebrand factor is secreted by which of the following?","exp":"Endothelial cells contain intracellular stores known as WeibelPallad bodies which contain Von-willebrand factor and P-selectin.","cop":2,"opa":"Macrophages","opb":"Endothelial cells","opc":"Platelets","opd":"Fibroblast","subject_name":"Pathology","topic_name":"AIIMS 2019","id":"35e5b5ae-82da-4f68-a011-91818a64c684","choice_type":"single"}538{"question":"Factors affecting the treatment of MI","exp":null,"cop":3,"opa":"Regional wall motion abnormality","opb":"Troponin level","opc":"Both","opd":"None","subject_name":"Medicine","topic_name":null,"id":"6acbfeaf-7cbc-44d4-8d2c-e5555da695a2","choice_type":"multi"}539{"question":"All of the following are features of systemic Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis except \u2013","exp":"The eye manifestation are seen in Pauciarticular and Polyarticular JRA but not in systemic JRA.\nJuvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis can be divided in 3 major clinical types","cop":1,"opa":"Uveitis","opb":"Rash","opc":"Fever","opd":"Hepatosplenomegaly","subject_name":"Pediatrics","topic_name":null,"id":"ee3171ee-b65b-477b-9a73-ea8316b648aa","choice_type":"multi"}540{"question":"An 80 kg male patient presented to the emergency with hypotension and you have been instructed to sta him on an inotrope at a dose of 10 mcg\/kg\/min. Each 5 mL amp of the drug contains 200 mg drug. You choose 2 ampules of the drug and decide to mix it with saline to make a 250 mL solution. What should be the flow rate of the drug solution to maintain the BP of the patient (assuming 16 drops = 1 mL)?","exp":"Ans: B. 8 drops\/minA dosing of 10 mgm\/kg\/min of drug is requiredWeight = 80 kgTotal dose required = 10x80 = 800 mgm\/min = 0.8 mg\/minNow two 5 mL ls each containing 200 mg is diluted to a 250 mL solution.i.e. 400 mg is mixed in 250 mLConcentration of solution: 1 mL = 400\/250 = 1.6 mg\/mLNow, 1 mL 16 drops = 1.6 mg i.e. 16 drops contain 1.6 mgHence, 0.8 mg\/min = 8 drops\/min = 0.5 mL\/min","cop":2,"opa":"4 drops\/min","opb":"8 drops\/min","opc":"10 drops\/min","opd":"16 drops\/min","subject_name":"Medicine","topic_name":null,"id":"b934e553-46ba-4692-a9cc-cc1ae26e7d4f","choice_type":"single"}541{"question":"A two year old girl child is brought to the out patient with features of hand wringing stereotype movements, impaired language and communication development, breath holding spells, poor social skills and deceleration of head growth after 6 months of age. The most likely diagnosis is \u2013","exp":"This 2 years child has following problems.\n\n\nHand wringing movements.\nImpaired language and communication development.\nBreath holding spells\nPoor social skills\nDecleration of hand growth after 6 months.\n\n\nNow see the clinical features of Rett syndrome.\n\na. Age of onset is around 5 months.\n\nDevelopment may proceed normally until 1 yr of age, when regression of language and motor milestones become apparent.\n\na. Acquired microcephaly (Decleration of head growth due to significantly reduced brain weight).\n* Most children develop peculiar sighing respirations with intermittent periods of apnea that may be associated with cyanosis --> Breath holding spells.\n\nThe hallmark of Rett syndrome is repetitive hand wringing movements and a loss ofpurposeful and spontaneous use of the hands.\nAutistic behavior is a typical finding in all patients.\nGeneralized tonic-clonic convulsions occur in the majority.\nFeeding disorder and poor weight gain are common.\nDeath occurs in adolescence or in the 3rd decade.\nCardiac arrhythmias may result in sudden, unexpected death.\nClinical features given in question prefectly match with Rett syndrome\n\nAsperger syndrome \n\nQualitative impairment in the development of reciprocal social interaction.\nMore common in males\nNormal intelligence.\nEccentric interests.\nNo language impairments that characterize autism.\nChildren with Asperger syndrome appear to be at high risk for other psychiatric disorder","cop":2,"opa":"Asperger's syndrome","opb":"Rett's syndrome","opc":"Fragile x\u2013syndrome","opd":"Colarad syndrome","subject_name":"Pediatrics","topic_name":null,"id":"f9739409-2790-47a9-80b7-98c70f0bcc16","choice_type":"single"}542{"question":"How many scores are used in modified Dean's \ufb02uorosis index?","exp":"DEAN'S FLUOROSIS INDEX\n\nIt was introduced by Trendley\u00a0H. Dean in 1934. It is also known as 'Dean's Classification System For Dental Fluorosis'.\nThe criteria for Dean's fluorosis index was based on a\u00a07-point ordinal scale: normal, questionable, very mild, mild, moderate, moderately severe, and severe.\n\nDean's Fluorosis Index \u2013 Modified Criteria (1942)\n6 points \u2013 Normal, questionable, very mild, mild, moderate, severe.\nEssentials of preventive and community dentistry\n5th edition\nSoben Peter","cop":2,"opa":"4","opb":"6","opc":"8","opd":"5","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"541cbd4f-c0d8-43b8-bebe-9fabaa9023cd","choice_type":"single"}543{"question":"Beta 3 glucan assay testing not done for","exp":"Beta 3 glucan assay is used to detect the presence of beta 3 glucan in the fungal cell wall. It is used for Invasive candidiasis, Aspergillosis, Pneumocystis cranii but not for Mucormycosis.","cop":4,"opa":"Invasive candidiasis","opb":"Aspergillosis","opc":"Pneumocystis carnii","opd":"Mucormycosis","subject_name":"Microbiology","topic_name":"AIIMS 2019","id":"a1bea2c7-217e-4240-a208-541618437eec","choice_type":"single"}544{"question":"Topical treatment for recurrent respiratory papillomatosis includes:","exp":"Ans: B. Cidofovir(Ref Dhingra 74, p346, 6\/c, p305).Cidofovir:Topical treatment for recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (Incomplete in stopping tumor growth).Mostly injected to control frequency of tumor growth.","cop":2,"opa":"Acyclovir","opb":"Cidofovir","opc":"Ranitidine","opd":"Zinc","subject_name":"ENT","topic_name":null,"id":"b192b045-d178-4bbf-8796-3c26dae548f3","choice_type":"single"}545{"question":"More than 80% cephalic index of a patient indicates which of the following","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Brachycephalic","opb":"Mesocephatic","opc":"Dolicocephalic","opd":"Depends on age","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"b81486a0-3a2d-447b-b740-7d086488d10c","choice_type":"single"}546{"question":"Major determinant of loading dose of a drug is","exp":"LOADING DOSE = Vd * target plasma concentration MAINTENANCE DOSE = Clearance * target plasma concentration","cop":3,"opa":"Half life","opb":"Clearance","opc":"Volume of distribution","opd":"Bioavailability","subject_name":"Pharmacology","topic_name":"AIIMS 2018","id":"c3b4d610-571b-4e86-be27-d41b8b2efc65","choice_type":"single"}547{"question":"Divergence from contact area in proximal surfaces\ncauses embrasures:","exp":null,"cop":4,"opa":"Facially","opb":"Lingually","opc":"Cervically","opd":"Facially, lingually, cervically & occlusally","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"149a2ddf-56f1-431b-ba74-5ba05950ae9e","choice_type":"multi"}548{"question":"Yellowish-brown staining of the IOPA dental X-ray film is due to:","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Immersion in fixer without washing","opb":"Increased temperature of developer","opc":"Increased exposure time","opd":"Drying away of the developer solution","subject_name":"Radiology","topic_name":null,"id":"b973cb7b-da19-43d1-a05c-7fa5ec994cdc","choice_type":"single"}549{"question":"Which of the following is not ture about increased intracraniaL pressure","exp":null,"cop":3,"opa":"Headache","opb":"Nausea \/ vomiting","opc":"Muscle twitching","opd":"Somnolence","subject_name":"Surgery","topic_name":null,"id":"870f28d5-6352-429f-a3c0-a881671f6d37","choice_type":"single"}550{"question":"Retromolar pad:","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"Should not be covered by Low denture","opb":"Should be covered by lower denture","opc":"Has tendon of temporal muscle attached to it","opd":"Disappears on eruption of mandibular last molars","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"f90856e7-a924-43b9-9e08-89b95508c61f","choice_type":"single"}551{"question":"The process of transfer of information from the RNA to the proteins is called:","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"Mutation","opb":"Translation","opc":"Transcription","opd":"Conjugation","subject_name":"Biochemistry","topic_name":null,"id":"5f653449-2396-4d96-83e8-f4d2d3cb43be","choice_type":"multi"}552{"question":"All of the following are potentially serious side effects of thioamide group of antithyroid drugs except:","exp":"Ans: D. Anaphylaxis(Ref. Goodman Gilman 12\/e p1149; Katzung 13\/e p671, 12\/e p688)Adverse effects of anti-thyroid drugs:Most serious reaction: AgranulocytosisMC reaction: Mild, purpuric, uicarial papular rash.Less frequent complications: Pain & stiffness in joints, paresthesias, headache, skin pigmentation & loss of hair.ANCAs in -50% of patients receiving propylthiouracil.Cholestatic jaundice - More common with methimazole than propylthiouracil.Propylthiouracil-associated hepatic failure.","cop":4,"opa":"Hepatic dysfunction","opb":"Severe rash","opc":"Agranulocytosis","opd":"Anaphylaxis","subject_name":"Pharmacology","topic_name":null,"id":"5891372b-60e8-4a7c-b773-48598b2712e3","choice_type":"multi"}553{"question":"In which stage of neurocysticercosis, there is no edema?","exp":"Ans. d. Nodular calcified (Ref Robbins 9\/e1)395, SA, 1)392-393)Surrounding edema is seen in the colloidal vesicular and granular nodular stages.StageCyst wallScolexCommentVesicularNon-enhancingWall defined membraneOnly one ble scolexEccentric hyperdense hole-with-dot\" appearanceSuggestive of ble larvaColloidalRing Enhancing with perilesional edemaDegenerating scolexFluid becomes more turbidEarliest stage in the cyst involution - larval degenerationGranularFocal nodular enhancing necrotic lesions with perilesional edemaDegenerating scolexEosinophilic structure Bladder and scolex are in various stages of disintegationCalcifiedSmall hyperdense nodules without perilesional edema","cop":4,"opa":"Vesicular","opb":"Vesicular colloidal","opc":"Granular nodular","opd":"Nodular calcified","subject_name":"Pathology","topic_name":null,"id":"10b14133-7f8a-43dd-ab66-b0cfd0c784c2","choice_type":"single"}554{"question":"Which of the following is not a pa of the quadruple test for antenatal detection of Down syndrome?","exp":"TRIPLE TEST b Hcg || a feto protein || Estriol || QUADRAPLE TEST BHcg || A feto protein || Estriol || Inhibin A ||","cop":4,"opa":"AFP","opb":"Estriol","opc":"Beta HCG","opd":"Inhibin B","subject_name":"Pathology","topic_name":"AIIMS 2018","id":"f3f3ad74-951f-4907-913d-f5c6c6c2dd2a","choice_type":"single"}555{"question":"Antibody-dependent enhancement is implicated in the immunopathogenesis of which disease?","exp":"Ans: D. Dengue hemorrhagic feverAntiborly-dependent enhancement is implicated in the immunopathogenesis of Dengue hemorrhagic fever.","cop":4,"opa":"Influenza","opb":"Staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome","opc":"Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome","opd":"Dengue hemorrhagic fever","subject_name":"Microbiology","topic_name":null,"id":"3d3896ce-b736-4e9a-bb7e-cb4608cdd29a","choice_type":"single"}556{"question":"The drug not belonging to amide group","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Procaine","opb":"Xylocaine","opc":"Lignocaine","opd":"Bupivacaine","subject_name":"Pharmacology","topic_name":null,"id":"eddd8435-1826-40ba-97d9-83a73e23a5f3","choice_type":"single"}557{"question":"Extra retention in abutment teeth is obtained with:","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"Dovetail","opb":"Slots, pins and grooves","opc":"Outline form","opd":"Increasing tooth reduction","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"56889b42-0d93-428e-bc1e-b4e7432944a7","choice_type":"single"}558{"question":"Sonic frequency range is:","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"1000-2000 Hz","opb":"1500-6000 Hz","opc":"20,000-30,000 Hz","opd":"10,000 Hz","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"815a13ca-72f8-4964-8732-04f03b313aa4","choice_type":"single"}559{"question":"Cause of apical periodontitis is\/are:","exp":"Apical periodontitis (AP) may occur in a vital or nonvital tooth.\nCauses of AP in a vital tooth:\n\nAbnormal occlusal contacts\nHigh points in restoration\nWedging of foreign object between the teeth\nTraumatic blow to teeth (Eg: Concussion).\n\nCauses of AP in a nonvital tooth:\n\nSequelae of pulpal diseases\u00a0\u00a0\nIatrogenic\nApical extrusion of debris through apical foramen during RCT.\nPushing irrigants or medicaments or obturating material through apical foramen.","cop":4,"opa":"Sequel of pulpal diseases","opb":"Wedging of foreign object between the teeth","opc":"High points in restoration","opd":"All of the above","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"4a7410ad-78f0-457e-abf9-b5beb5ec4a1c","choice_type":"multi"}560{"question":"Which of the following series act as the best space\nmaintainer in a child's mouth?","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Restored deciduous tooth","opb":"Acrylic partial denture","opc":"Distal shoe space maintainer","opd":"Band and loop space maintainer","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"3c7f7351-8925-4c0e-89e7-1d4b8e806797","choice_type":"single"}561{"question":"Most common cause of postauricular lymphadenopathy in children :","exp":"Posterior or Suboccipital cervical lymphadenopathy is caused by Roseola, Rubella, Scalp infections.\nThe lymphatic drainage of posterior scalp is to the occipital region.\nPosterior or Suboccipital cervical lymphadenopathy without obvious disease or secondary infection is\u00a0characteristic of lice.\nSecondary pyodenna due to scratching may result in matting together of the hair and cervical and occipital lymphadenopathy.","cop":2,"opa":"Sore throat","opb":"Pediculosis capitis","opc":"Pulmonary Koch's","opd":"Chronic suppurative otitis media","subject_name":"Pediatrics","topic_name":null,"id":"5900458a-b839-47eb-a745-b93e35ba2d40","choice_type":"single"}562{"question":"Infected mandibular angle fracture is treated by?","exp":"We can never place a foreign object(implant mini plates or reconstruction plates) at infection site.","cop":4,"opa":"Mini plates","opb":"Reconstruction plates","opc":"Champy plate at upper border","opd":"IMF + ID","subject_name":"Surgery","topic_name":null,"id":"a629e297-c858-4665-8991-b4c49606bf38","choice_type":"single"}563{"question":"Of all the solvent used to dissolve Gutta Percha, safest & efficacious G.P. solvent is?","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"Halothane","opb":"Chloroform","opc":"Methylchloroform","opd":"Xylene","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"10bc576b-b04f-41cf-ba0f-f6536df45ca2","choice_type":"multi"}564{"question":"The following enzyme is responsible for thirst mechanism during dehydration?","exp":"Ans. A. ADH* Because, arginine vasopressin (AVP) also known as antidiuretic hormone, cannot reduce water loss below a ceain minimum level obligated by urinary solute load and evaporation from skin and lungs, a mechanism for ensuring adequate intake is essential for preventing dehydration.* This vital function is performed by the thirst mechanism.* Like AVP, thirst is regulated primarily by an osmostat that is situated in the anteromedial hypothalamus and is able to detect very small changes in the plasma concentration of sodium and ceain other effective solutes.","cop":1,"opa":"ADH","opb":"Noradrenaline","opc":"Epinephrine","opd":"Dopamine","subject_name":"Physiology","topic_name":null,"id":"e1cf9f3f-2fd8-40e3-96c3-1a6ecb016b22","choice_type":"single"}565{"question":"Ptosis may be caused by a lesion of the:","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Oculomotor nerve","opb":"Superior oblique","opc":"Trigeminal nerve","opd":"Trochlear nerve","subject_name":"Medicine","topic_name":null,"id":"6345cacc-9150-4410-8add-3153eaed701c","choice_type":"single"}566{"question":"The treatment of choice for primary grade V vesicoureteric reflux involving both kidneys in a 6 month old boy is \u2013","exp":"Since the age of the boy is less than 1 year we will try medical management.\nSee the below given tables from Nelson and the answer will be clear.\n\nTreatment Recommendation for VUR diagnosed following a UTI","cop":1,"opa":"Antibiotic prophylaxis","opb":"Ureteric reimplantation","opc":"Cystoscopy followed by subureteric injection of teflon","opd":"Bilateral ureterostomies.","subject_name":"Pediatrics","topic_name":null,"id":"6f03967a-8c4b-4a57-8443-1c81d4543711","choice_type":"multi"}567{"question":"Idiosyncratic side-effects of carbamazepine are all except:","exp":"Answer- D. Blurred visionDiplopia (not the blurring of vision) is a dose related side effect of carbamazepine, while others are idiosyncratic, reactions.\"The most common dose-related adverse effects of carbamazepine are diplopia and ataxia. The diplopia often occursfirst and may last less than an hour during a paicular time of day","cop":4,"opa":"Steven-Johnson syndrome","opb":"Agranulocytosis","opc":"Rash","opd":"Blurred vision","subject_name":"Pharmacology","topic_name":null,"id":"82356aae-5bd4-4503-acab-5f70c0db6bee","choice_type":"multi"}568{"question":"Neoplasia of blood vessel is called","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Angioma","opb":"Hematoma","opc":"Lymphosarcoma","opd":"Papilloma","subject_name":"Pathology","topic_name":null,"id":"f3b10e99-fb84-459f-8947-e90618a9e6c8","choice_type":"multi"}569{"question":"Which of the following is innervated by the vagus nerve?","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"The levator veli palatine (levator palatini)","opb":"The posterior belly of digastric","opc":"Mylohyoid","opd":"The tensor veli palatine (tensor palatini)","subject_name":"Anatomy","topic_name":null,"id":"298fc434-3b3e-48bf-bd3b-cd93efb45fdb","choice_type":"single"}570{"question":"A voluntary donor underwent apheresis for platelet donation for the first time after which he developed perioral tingling and numbness. This is seen because","exp":"SDP-Single Donor Platelet are preffered. -In this process whole bloodis drawn from one arm into a sterile kit inside a cell separating machine. -The machine separates the bloodso that onlyplateletsand plasma are collected. -The other bloodcomponents (red cells and white cells) are returned to thedonor the same arm. -Because we want the blood to flow in the proper way, so we will do addition of anti-coagulant solution like citrate based anti-coagulant. -This anti-coagulant solution will not only prevent clot formation but will also cause decrease in the concentration of ionized Ca2+ - causing transient hypocalcemia which will lead to Perioral tingling and numbness. To prevent this condition from happening we prescribe oral calcium supplementation to the respective patient or we reduce the flow of device through which the blood is supposed to pass.","cop":4,"opa":"His platelet count was low for donation","opb":"He underwent apheresis for the first time","opc":"Due to fluid depletion","opd":"Due to citrate based anticoagulant","subject_name":"Pathology","topic_name":"AIIMS 2017","id":"da143133-e8d3-44d6-a66d-607ed0bcf458","choice_type":"single"}571{"question":"P3L3 came to opd with postcoital bleeding and pap positive p\/v cervix hyperophied bleed on touch diagnosis -","exp":"Ans. A. CA cervixSYMPTOMS:Arises from: Squamo-columnar junctionEarliest symptom: Post-coital bleedingAs the cancer progresses, symptoms may include:Unusual vaginal dischargeVaginal bleeding between periodsBleeding after menopausePyometraBleeding or pain during sexMC site: EctocervixLymph nodes affected: Obturator, hypogastric and external iliacTime taken for conversion of CIN to invasive Ca: 10 yearsMC type: Squamous cell Ca100% cure rates are seen in: CISUremia: altered sensorium and is having hiccupsMC cause of death: Renal failureCa cervix can be prevented by screeningBoth positive Pap smear and test is suggestive of CA cervix","cop":1,"opa":"CA cervix","opb":"Fibroid","opc":"Cervicitis","opd":"Cervical polyp","subject_name":"Gynaecology & Obstetrics","topic_name":null,"id":"a2106819-7406-4698-8f7d-b166a05fe17e","choice_type":"single"}572{"question":"Which of the following PPE (Personal Protective Equipment) is removed first?","exp":"Personal protective equipment: PPE - protect the user against health or safety risks at work. Can include items such as safety helmets, gloves, eye- protection, high visibility clothing, safety footwear and safety harness. It can also include respiratory protective equipment (RPE) Order of removing PPE: Gloves Face shield Gown Mask","cop":1,"opa":"Gloves","opb":"Face shield","opc":"Gown","opd":"Mask","subject_name":"Surgery","topic_name":"AIIMS 2019","id":"6ec2995f-3b3d-495c-8768-98368ad2b08d","choice_type":"single"}573{"question":"A cyst occurs under the tongue, caused by obstruction of a salivary gland. Such a cyst is called:","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"Mucocele","opb":"Ranula","opc":"Derrnoid cyst","opd":"Dentigerous cyst","subject_name":"Pathology","topic_name":null,"id":"e0d6862e-e62f-4aa6-a4b1-f42c042e46c6","choice_type":"multi"}574{"question":"What is the maximum capacity of Bakri balloon which is used in post paum hemorrhage?","exp":"Ans: C. 500 mLBakri balloon:Inseed & inflated to tamponade endometrial cavity to stop bleeding.Initially staed by rapidly infusing at least 150 mL followed by fuher instillation over a few minutes for a total of 500 mL to arrest hemorrhage.","cop":3,"opa":"200 mL","opb":"300 in L","opc":"500 mL","opd":"1000 m L","subject_name":"Gynaecology & Obstetrics","topic_name":null,"id":"c97369ec-b7b9-405c-ba9c-35cfdae8ce24","choice_type":"multi"}575{"question":"All of these are G2 phase blockers except:","exp":"Ans: C. Paclitaxel(Ref: Goodman Gilman 121e p1708; Katzung 13\/e p932, 12Ie p963; KDT 7\/e p865)Paclitaxel:Taxane, which act by causing disruption of the cell's microtubule function by stabilizing microtubule formation.Acts on the M-phase of cell division.Binds specifically to the P-tubulin subunit of microtubules and antagonizes the disassembly of this key cvtoskeletal protein, with the result that bundles of micro-tubules and aberrant structures derived from microtubules appear in the mitotic phase of the cell cycle.Arrest in mitosis follows.","cop":3,"opa":"Etoposide","opb":"Topotecan","opc":"Paclitaxel","opd":"Daunorubicin","subject_name":"Pharmacology","topic_name":null,"id":"f14171b9-69fe-4e7f-b004-40f2eb8d4b8c","choice_type":"multi"}576{"question":"The primary action of topical fluoride is a:","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Conversion of hydroxyapatite to fluoroapatite","opb":"Decrease in the plaque bacteria","opc":"Form a reservoir in saliva","opd":"Improve morphology of teeth","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"bf4732f0-2a61-4911-8463-11e3bee37870","choice_type":"single"}577{"question":"A child is admitted on 7 days of life with severe respiratory distress and shock. He was discharged 2 days back healthy. What could be the probable diagnosis \u2013","exp":"livpolastic left heart syndrome \n\nHypoplastic left heart syndrome occurs when parts of the left side of the heart (mitral valve, left ventricle, aortic valve, and aorta) do not develop completely. The condition is present at birth (congenital).\nHypoplastic left heart is a rare type of congenital heart disease. It is more common in males than in females. As with most congenital heart defects, there is no known cause. About 10 % of patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome also have other birth defects.\nThe problem develops before birth when the left ventricle and other structures do not grow properly, including the:\n\n(i) Aorta-the blood vessel that carries oxygen-rich blood from the left ventricle to the entire body\nEntrace and exit of the ventricle\nMitral and aortic valves\n\nThis causes the left ventricle and aorta to be poorly developed, or hypoplastic. In most cases, the left ventricle and aorta are much smaller than normal.\nIn patients with this condition, the left side of the heart is unable to send enough blood to the body. As a result, the right side of the heart must maintain the circulation for both the lungs and the body. The right ventricle can support the circulation to both the lungs and the body for awhile, but this extra workoad eventually causes the right side of the heart to fail.\nThe only possibility of survival is a connection between the right and left side of the heart, or between the systemic\n\narteries and pumonary arteries (the blood vessels that carry blodd to the lungs). Babies are normally born with two\nof these connections:\n(i) Foramen ovale (a hole between the right and left atrium)\nDuctus arteriosus (a small vessel that connects the aorta to the pulmonary artery)\n\nBoth of these connections normally close on their own a few days after birth.\nIn babies with hypoplastic left heart syndrome, blood from the right side of the heart travels through the ductus arteriosus. This is the only way for blood to get to the body. if the ductus arteriosus is allowed to close in a baby with hypoplastic left heart syndrome, the patient may quickly die because no blood will be pumped to the body.\nBabies with known hypoplatic left heart syndrome are usually started on a medicine to keep the ductus arteriosusopen.\nBecause there is little or no flow out of the left heart, blood reaming to the heart from the lungs needs to pass through the foramen ovale or an atrial septal defect (a hole connecting the collecting chambers on the left and right sides of the heart) back to the right side of the heart. If there is no foramen ovale, or if it is too small, the baby could die. Patients with this problem have the hole between their atria opened, either with surgery or using a thin, flexible tube (heart catheterization).\n\nSymptoms\n\nAt first, a newborn with hypoplastic left heart may apper normal. Symptoms usually occur in the first few hours of life, although it may take up to a few days to develop symptoms. These symptoms may include:\n\n\nBluish (cyanosis) or poor skin color\nCold hands and feed (extremities)\n\n\nLethargy\n\n\nPoor pulse\nPoor suckling and feeding\nPounding heart\nRapid breathing\nShortness of breath.\nSince the systemic circulation is dependent on the patent ductus arteriosus the closure of ductus arterious leads to shock.\nSigns of heart failure usually appears within the first few days or weeks of life and include dyspnoea, hepatomegaly and low cardiac output. When PDA closes suddenly shock occurs all the peripheral pulses may be weak or absent.\n\nVentricular septal defect\n\nThese patients with VSD's become symptomatic around 6-10 weeks of age.\nThey usually present with congestive cardiac failure.\n\nEbstein's anomaly \n\nEbstein's anomaly consists of downward displacement of an abnormal tricuspid value into the right ventricle.\nThese patients usually present in teenage\/adolescent years.\nThey may also present in infancy but they usually do not present with shock or severe hypoperfusion.\n\nAorticopulmonary window defect\n\nAn Aorticopulmanry window defect consists of a communication between the ascending Aorta and the main pulmonary artery.\nIn these cases minimal cyanosis is present and they may present with heart failure in infancy.","cop":2,"opa":"VSD large","opb":"Hypoplastic left heart syndrome","opc":"Ebstein anomaly","opd":"AP window defect","subject_name":"Pediatrics","topic_name":null,"id":"2e78ce60-b4af-41c4-b2bd-595a6e728c1d","choice_type":"single"}578{"question":"A 20 years old boy presented with persistent cervical lymphadenopathy for the past 1 year. Histopathology of lymph node shows Reed-Sternberg cells with focal nodularity and background of T reactive lymphocytes. The cells were positive for CD20, LCA, EMA and negative for CD15 and CD30 and EBV negative. Diagnosis is:","exp":"Answer- A. Nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin's lymphomaThis tumor contains so-called L&H (lymphocytic and histiocytic) variants, which have a multilobed nucleus resembling a popcorn kernel (\"popcorn cell\"). Eosinophils and plasma cells are usually scant or absent. In contrast to the Reed-Sternberg cells found in classical forms of HL, L&E variants express B-cell markers typical of germinal-cenler B cells, sach as CD20 and BCL6, and are usually negative for CD15 and CD30.Histological diagnosis is established by presence of Reed-Sterntrerg cells along with background of mixed inflammation consisting of neutrophils, plasma cells, eosinophils & histiocytes.Reed-Sternberg cells are large and are either multinucleated or have a bilobed nucleus (thus resembling an \"owl's eye\" appearance) with prominent eosinophilic inclusion-like nucleoli.Reed-Sternberg cells are CD30 & CD15 positive, usually negative for CD20 & CD45.Nodular sclerosisMC subtype; usually stage I or ll disease frequent mediastinal involvementMore common in females, most patients young adults","cop":1,"opa":"Nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin's lymphoma","opb":"Lymphocyte rich Hodgkin's lymphoma","opc":"Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma","opd":"Small cell lymphoma","subject_name":"Pathology","topic_name":null,"id":"90b7e4be-4395-4305-9f19-8499bc1bff4a","choice_type":"multi"}579{"question":"Among all of the following foramens in the base of skull, which is, the most posteriorly present:","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Foramen spinosum","opb":"Foramen rotundum","opc":"Foramen ovale","opd":"All at same level","subject_name":"Anatomy","topic_name":null,"id":"82d43b40-d7e9-427f-8870-81445cc14391","choice_type":"multi"}580{"question":"Most common pathognomonic sign of mandibular fracture:","exp":"Sublingual hematoma is the best pathognomonic sign.","cop":1,"opa":"Sublingual hematoma.","opb":"Malocclusion","opc":"Tenderness","opd":"Buccal hematoma.","subject_name":"Surgery","topic_name":null,"id":"6370f514-0f67-4a88-835d-9d94a6ffa24d","choice_type":"single"}581{"question":"Open reduction of condylar fracture is strongly indicated in\n(Or)\nAbsolute indication for open reduction in condylar fractures","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"Condyle fracture along with body fracture","opb":"Lateral displacement of the condyle (or) Lateral fracture dislocation condyle","opc":"200 angulations","opd":"Condyle is separated from the stump","subject_name":"Surgery","topic_name":null,"id":"1c392503-537c-4926-a3bc-3daf8ddefeb3","choice_type":"single"}582{"question":"BCG is maximally protective against:-","exp":"BCG VACCINE: - Vaccine used in India- Copenhagen strain - Primarily includes cell-mediated immunity - It has low protective efficacy against primary infection & pulmonary infection & all forms of TB - But enables satisfactory protection against severe forms of TB like Miliary TB, Tubercular meningitis & reduces moality","cop":3,"opa":"Pulmonary TB","opb":"Pulmonary and CNS TB","opc":"CNS and Disseminated TB","opd":"Extra pulmonary TB","subject_name":"Pediatrics","topic_name":"AIIMS 2018","id":"9572a3f9-b8a0-4fc4-96a1-cc0409721155","choice_type":"multi"}583{"question":"A patient underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy and was discharged on the same day. On postoperative day 3, he presented to the hospital with fever. Ultra-sonography showed a 5 x 5 cm collection in the right sub diaphragmatic region. What will be the manage!ment?","exp":"Answer- C. Pigtail inseion and drainageThis patienl is most likely having a biliary leak from the cystic duct stump, which has formed a large 5 x 5 cm collection.Such a patient needs to be managed with intravenous antibiotics as well as drainage of the collections (as it acts as source of injection). Ultrasound guided pigtail inseion is the easiest method to obtain adequate drainage of the bile leak.","cop":3,"opa":"Observe with antibiotic cover","opb":"Re-explore the wound with T-tube inseion","opc":"Pigtail inseion and drainage","opd":"ERCP and proceed","subject_name":"Surgery","topic_name":null,"id":"d8c8d387-cac9-4633-b85c-9fd5f0aa2dd2","choice_type":"single"}584{"question":"About Transfusion Related Acute Lung Injury (TRALI), all of the following are true except:","exp":"Ans: A. Signs and symptoms usually subsides within 2-3 weeks of onset(Ref Harrison 19\/e p138e-5, 18\/e pg 1217 Wintrobe's 14\/e p 575)TRALI - Treatment & recovery:Recovery within 2-3 days (instead of 2-3 weeks).No definitive treatment.Suppoive care:Patient's oxygenation improves & return to normal in 2-3 days.","cop":1,"opa":"Signs and symptoms usually subsides within 2-3 weeks of onset","opb":"Suppoive care is the mainstay of treatment","opc":"Steroids have a doubtful role in management","opd":"Moality is less than 10%","subject_name":"Medicine","topic_name":null,"id":"e367bed7-6413-438a-94c7-bf4a3d7b4f4b","choice_type":"multi"}585{"question":"A pregnant lady is diagnosed to be HBs Ag positive. Which of the following is the best way to prevent infection to the child:","exp":"The best way to prevent infection in a child born to HBsAg positive mother is to give both active and passive immunization.\nInfants born to HBsAg positive mothers should be given hepatitis immunoglobulin (0.5 m 1\/m) within 12 hours after birth. Along with this the first dose of hepatitis B recombinant vaccine is given.\nThis is followed by hepatitis B vaccine at 1 and 6 months.\nHepatitis B is not a contraindication for breastfeeding.","cop":2,"opa":"Hepatitis vaccine to the child","opb":"Full course of Hepatitis B vaccine and immunoglobulin to the child","opc":"Hepatitis B immunoglobulin to the mother","opd":"Hepatitis B immunization to mother","subject_name":"Gynaecology & Obstetrics","topic_name":null,"id":"f9be858f-ef2f-475e-9c82-ced530a1a623","choice_type":"single"}586{"question":"Which of the following statements concerning hepatitis infection in pregnancy is true?:","exp":"Persons at increased risk of hepatitis B infection include homosexuals, abusers of intravenous drugs, healthcare personnel, and people who have received blood or blood products.\nHowever, because of intensive screening of blood for type B hepatitis, hepatitis C has become the major form of hepatitis after blood transfusion. (i.e. option b. incorrect).\nThe most sensitive indicator of positive vertical transmission of disease is HBe antigen. (i.e. option a. incorrect). The proper treatment of infants born to infected mothers include administration of hepatitis B immune globulin as well as vaccine.\nChronic acute hepatitis does not necessarily warrant therapeutic abortion (i.e. option d. incorrect). Fertility is decreased, but pregnancy may proceed on a normal course as long as steroid therapy is continued. Prematurity and fetal loss are increased, but there is no increase in malformations.","cop":3,"opa":"Hepatitis B core antigen status is the most sensitive indicator of positive vertical transmission of disease","opb":"Hepatitis B is the most common form of hepatitis after blood transfusion","opc":"The proper treatment of infants born to infected mothers includes the administration of hepatitis B immune globulin as well as vaccine","opd":"Patients who develop chronic active hepatitis should undergo MTP","subject_name":"Gynaecology & Obstetrics","topic_name":null,"id":"4067ea1a-de54-4762-a2d8-54acaaf54a18","choice_type":"multi"}587{"question":"Endocarditis is most commonly seen in:","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Aortic stenosis.","opb":"Mitral regurgitation.","opc":"Patent ductus arteriosus.","opd":"Venous bypass graft.","subject_name":"Medicine","topic_name":null,"id":"1546ba77-5320-472a-9b48-ac0a2734f57a","choice_type":"single"}588{"question":"A patient with multiple loose teeth requires extraction and has mitral stenosis with mild cardiac insufficiency. He is on enalapril, digoxin, and furosemide. The antibiotic of choice to prevent bacterial endocarditis is:","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Amoxicillin","opb":"Doxycycline","opc":"Cotrimoxazole","opd":"Gentamicin","subject_name":"Medicine","topic_name":null,"id":"52214090-675c-402d-b898-bb6c05aa3e95","choice_type":"single"}589{"question":"A patient with a history of diabetes for one year with no other complications should have an ophthalmic examination?","exp":"Answer- A i.e. As early as feasibleAll diabetic (IDDM & NIDDM both) aged over 12 years and\/or entering pubey should be screened (visual activity measurement and fundus examination by ophthalmoscopy)For retinopathy. and those with risk for visual loss referred to an ophthalmologist.Type I DM (IDDM) require ophthalmoscopic examination within 3 years of diagnosis and annual review. (If lt is diagnosed before the age of pubey).Type II DM (NIDDM) require ophthalmoscopic examination at the time of diagnosis (because it is usually diagnosed after the age of 12 years) and annual review.","cop":1,"opa":"As early as feasible","opb":"After 5 years","opc":"After 10 years","opd":"Only after visual symptoms level","subject_name":"Ophthalmology","topic_name":null,"id":"18c1a5f9-d998-414e-bb9c-991191c10710","choice_type":"single"}590{"question":"An I.V. drug abuser presents with fever for 10 days. CXR shows B\/L lower lobe consolidation with necrosis and right sided pyopneumothorax. Probable diagnosis is:","exp":"Infective endocarditis typically occurs at sites of pre-existing endocardial damage, but infection with particularly virulent or aggressive organisms such as Staphylococcus aureus can cause endocarditis in a previously normal heart. Staphylococcal endocarditis of the tricuspid valve is a common complication of intravenous drug use. Many acquired and congenital cardiac lesions are vulnerable, particularly areas of endocardial damage caused by a high-pressure jet of blood, such as ventricular septal defect, mitral regurgitation and aortic regurgitation, many of which are haemodynamically insigni\ufb01cant. In contrast, the risk of endocarditis at the site of haemodynamically important low-pressure lesions, such as a large atrial septal defect, is minimal.\nReference: : Davidson 23rd ed page no 527","cop":2,"opa":"MV endocarditis due to viridans Streptococci","opb":"TV endocarditis due to Staph. aureus","opc":"Tuberculosis","opd":"Pneumocystis jirovecii infection","subject_name":"Medicine","topic_name":null,"id":"94cfe1dc-7810-4c50-af95-87a3c560f6bb","choice_type":"single"}591{"question":"A breast fed child presents with hypernatremia (Serum sodium > 170m Eq\/L). His urine sodium is 70 mEq\/L. Which of the following is the most likely cause \u2013","exp":"The child is having hypernatremia. Serum sodium >170 rnEq\/L (Normal level is 135-145 mEq\/L).\nUrine sodium is also very high, >70mEq\/L (Normal urine sodium level in <20 mEq\/L)\nThis combination can be seen with excessive intake of sodium.\nWith excessive intake of sodium there will be increase in serum sodium and excessive excretion of sodium in urine (Kidney tries to compensate for increase in serum sodium by excreting large amount of sodium).\nDiabetes Insipidus\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0->\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Serum sodium conc. will be high but urine sodium conc. will be very low (Lack of ADH leads to defect in concentration of urine).\nAcute necrosis\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0-> \u00a0 \u00a0Urine sodium conc. will be high but serum sodium conc. will be low.\u00a0\nSevere dehydration\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0->\u00a0 \u00a0Urine sodium concentration will be low.","cop":4,"opa":"Diabetes insipidus","opb":"Acute necrosis","opc":"Severe dehydration","opd":"Excessive intake of sodium","subject_name":"Pediatrics","topic_name":null,"id":"0f86c441-70a5-466d-b59f-1512fe88cbfd","choice_type":"single"}592{"question":"Gingival massage increases blood supply in:","exp":null,"cop":3,"opa":"Epidermis","opb":"Basal layer","opc":"Lamina propria","opd":"All of the above","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"4329bad6-ab20-42bc-8cb5-b89601d7bdee","choice_type":"multi"}593{"question":"Initial calcification of crown represents Which Nolla's stage:","exp":"Stages\n0 : Absence of crypt\n1 : Presence of crypt\n2 : Initial calcification of crown\n3 : 1\/3rd calcification of crown \u2013 completed\n4 : 2\/3rd of crown completed\n5 : Crown almost completed\n6 : Complete calcification of crown. Tooth shows eruptive movement\n7 : 1\/3rd of root completed\n8 : 2\/3rd of Root completed\n9 : Root almost completed with open apex\n10 : Apical end of Root completed","cop":2,"opa":"Stage 1","opb":"Stage 2","opc":"Stage 3","opd":"Stage 4","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"3b514c9e-965c-463a-b141-9dcecd91c957","choice_type":"single"}594{"question":"Plastic carrier size of 40-90 in carrier base Gutta percha are made from?","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"Poly propylene","opb":"Poly Sulphone","opc":"Poly Sulphide","opd":"Liquid crystal plastic","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"2b325080-a90d-4813-b2bd-cfa4fa246c27","choice_type":"single"}595{"question":"All of the following are true for light cure composite except:","exp":"In case of light cure composites, application of light source to the composite material\u00a0is held at a distance of 1 mm from the tooth surface and the 1-2 mm of increments are added, bulk addition of composite is contraindicated.\u00a0\nUsually, 70% of polymerization takes place during the first 10 minutes, though the polymerization reaction continues for a period of 24 hours.\u00a0\nThe operator is asked to wear an\u00a0orange glass shield for the protection of the eyes.\n\nRef: Textbook of Operative Dentistry, Nisha and Amit Garg, 3rd edition, Pg no:264","cop":3,"opa":"Held at distance of 1 mm from tooth","opb":"Use of orange glass shield for eye protection","opc":"Polymerization reaction continues for a period of 72 hours","opd":"Adding increments of 1-2 mm","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"22f5d1c3-8073-452a-937e-63414dc5065e","choice_type":"multi"}596{"question":"The joint which histologically & morphologically best simulate the TMJ is","exp":null,"cop":3,"opa":"5th costochondral graft","opb":"3rd metatarsal graft","opc":"Sternoclavicular graft","opd":"None of the above","subject_name":"Surgery","topic_name":null,"id":"a9dcb424-8323-4d52-9cf6-22edf370b728","choice_type":"multi"}597{"question":"A patient sustained A and endotracheal intubation was done. Most likely GCS score of such a patient would be:March 2013 (b, c, d)","exp":"Ans. A i.e. 8Patients with severe head injury, an altered level of consciousness, or a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of 8 or less usually require placement of a definitive airway.Orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation can be attempted with cervical spine precautions if a second person maintains axial immobilization of the head to prevent destabilization of the spine.In this patient, GCS score was 8, so endotracheal intubation was done to secure airway.You don't have to calculate the GCS score of this patient after intubation.","cop":1,"opa":"8","opb":"10","opc":"12","opd":"15","subject_name":"Surgery","topic_name":null,"id":"5c0f862f-2651-4ed4-88d4-2456dab0f036","choice_type":"single"}598{"question":"Rapid onset of action seen by local anesthesia in small nerve endings is due to","exp":null,"cop":3,"opa":"Increased threshold of small nerves due to depolarization","opb":"Low pH of small nerve fibres","opc":"High ratio of surface area to the volume of small nerve fibres","opd":"Increased resting potential of small nerve fibres","subject_name":"Surgery","topic_name":null,"id":"c6a12e46-d354-43bf-9230-6fe2fb96feab","choice_type":"multi"}599{"question":"Which of the following intrauterine infections is associated with limb reduction defects and scarring of skin \u2013","exp":"Congenital varicella syndrome is characteristically associated with scarring of skin and limb reduction defect (limb\u00a0hypoplasia).\n\nPerinatal chicken Pox (Perinatal varicella infection)\n\nThe baby may develop two types of complications depending on the period of gestation.","cop":1,"opa":"Varicella virus","opb":"Herpes virus","opc":"Rubella","opd":"Parvovirus","subject_name":"Pediatrics","topic_name":null,"id":"05887319-687e-4b8e-a850-9c4097ceeef7","choice_type":"single"}600{"question":"Acromegaly is associated with","exp":null,"cop":4,"opa":"Class. I malocclusion","opb":"Class. I cross bite","opc":"Class. II malocclusion","opd":"Class. III malocclusion","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"6e76c806-14b1-49b3-a6f9-898a83447e54","choice_type":"single"}601{"question":"The appropriate force required to tip a tooth is:","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"10 - 20mg","opb":"35 - 60mg","opc":"50 - 70mg","opd":"70 - 100mg","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"c2f14586-a3c9-42c3-8b6a-d287acf43802","choice_type":"single"}602{"question":"Function of Merkel's cells is:","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Tactile sensation","opb":"Melanophage","opc":"Chemoreceptor","opd":"Proprioception","subject_name":"Physiology","topic_name":null,"id":"2767698c-2189-4770-a4fd-825b7b7edf9c","choice_type":"single"}603{"question":"Which of the following is function of fluoride flux in soldering process?","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"It prevents the formation of copper oxide","opb":"It prevents the formation of chromium oxide or dissolves chromic oxide layer","opc":"It prevents the flow of material in undesirable area","opd":"Increases the strength of solder","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"43d111d5-07dd-464c-88c4-c14a27b9f6be","choice_type":"single"}604{"question":"Hyperparathyroidism is associated with:","exp":null,"cop":4,"opa":"Renal stones","opb":"Bone resorption","opc":"Increased level of serum calcium","opd":"All of the above","subject_name":"Medicine","topic_name":null,"id":"9d63d4fc-1da3-43f5-ba51-411f790407f9","choice_type":"multi"}605{"question":"Surgery on the hard palate of a 3 years old cleft patient may inhibit growth, causing the facial profile to become:","exp":null,"cop":4,"opa":"Straight","opb":"Elongated","opc":"Shortened","opd":"More concave","subject_name":"Surgery","topic_name":null,"id":"73d2ddbf-2000-467a-bc80-124ea437da9c","choice_type":"single"}606{"question":"A 16-year old girl was brought with primary amenorrhea. Her mother mentioned that she staed developing breast at the age of 12. She was prescribed OCPs 2 years back by a doctor with no effect. She was having normal stature and was a football player. On examination, breasts were well developed (Tanner's stage 5) and pubic hair was minimal (Tanner's stage 1). What is the most probable diagnosis?","exp":"Ans: D. Androgen insensitivity(Ref: Shawl 16\/e p141, 15\/e p111-112; Novaks 14\/1037-1038; Dutta Gvnae 6\/e p424)Most likely diagnosis here is androgen insensitivity syndrome.Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome:Also referred as \"Testicular feminization\".An X-linked recessive condition.Results in failure of normal masculinization of external genitalia in chromosomally male individuals.Testes produce normal amounts of mullerian-inhibiting factor (MIF), also known as mullerian-inhibiting substance (MIS) or anti-mullerian hormone\/factor (AMH\/AMF),Features:Absence of fallopian tubes, a uterus, or proximal (upper) vagina.Identified in newborn period - By presence of inguinal masses & later identified as testes during surgery.Sometimes diagnosed in teenage years during primary amenorrhea evaluation.Absence of pubic & axillary hair in adolescent patients.Scanty body hair & lack of acne.Yet normal breast - Due to testosterone to estradiol conversion.","cop":4,"opa":"Premature ovarian failure","opb":"Turner's syndrome","opc":"Miillerian agenesis","opd":"Androgen insensitivity","subject_name":"Gynaecology & Obstetrics","topic_name":null,"id":"849108f1-8775-44ab-982d-c8907f399efc","choice_type":"multi"}607{"question":"Absence of which of the given milestones in a 3 year old child should be called delayed development?","exp":"18 Months Walks up\/down stairs with help Throws a ball overhand Jumps in place Builds 3-4 blocks tower Turns 2-3 book pages Scribbles Uses cup and spoon 10+ word vocabulary Identifies common objects Has temper tantrums Understands ownership (\"mine\") Imitates others 3-4 years old Movements milestones Hops and stands on one foot up to five seconds Goes upstairs and downstairs without suppo Kicks ball forward Throws b all overhand Catches bounced ball most of the time Moves forward and backward with agility Milestones in hand and finger skills Copies square shapes Draws a person with two to four body pas Uses scissors Draws circles and squares Begins to copy some capital letters","cop":3,"opa":"Hopping on one leg","opb":"Drawing square","opc":"Feeding by spoon","opd":"Catching a ball reliably","subject_name":"Pediatrics","topic_name":"AIIMS 2017","id":"a9eb877d-bc11-4923-88b2-97193a8d52eb","choice_type":"multi"}608{"question":"Which of the following tooth structure during formation\nis most effected due to Vit -A deficiency","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Enamel","opb":"Dentin","opc":"Cementom","opd":"Periodontal Ligament","subject_name":"Pathology","topic_name":null,"id":"0b749e6e-3f81-4303-9377-3b49a2bd6ee5","choice_type":"single"}609{"question":"Indications for caesarean section in pregnancy are all except:","exp":"Cardiac indications for cesarean section:\n\nAortic aneurysm or dilated aortic root \u2265 4 cm\nMarfans syndrome with aortic involvement\nSevere symptomatic aortic stenosis\nAcute severe congestive heart failure\nRecent MI\nNeed for emergency valve replacement immediately after delievery\nA patient who is fully anticoagulated with warfarin at the time of labor needs to be counseled for cesarean section because the baby is also anticoagulated and vaginal delivery carries increase risk to the fetus of intracranial hemorrhage.","cop":1,"opa":"Eisenmenger's syndrome","opb":"Aortic stenosis","opc":"MR","opd":"Aortic regurgitation","subject_name":"Gynaecology & Obstetrics","topic_name":null,"id":"8d77827e-91fd-4d45-a89e-0b7e2e0e9c99","choice_type":"multi"}610{"question":"Brachycephaly is due to fusion of \u2013","exp":null,"cop":4,"opa":"Parietal suture","opb":"Sagittal suture","opc":"Lambdoid suture","opd":"Coronal suture","subject_name":"Pediatrics","topic_name":null,"id":"32a94b3a-7d3c-4586-bbc0-e70f4d07e31a","choice_type":"single"}611{"question":"The forces acting through a fixed partial denture on the\nabutment tooth should be directed:","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"As far as possible at right angles to the long axis of the teeth","opb":"Parallel to the long axis of the teeth","opc":"By decreasing the mesio-distal dimension","opd":"None of the above","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"28b161b6-372b-497e-828b-1321193679c7","choice_type":"multi"}612{"question":"All of the following drugs require dose reduction in renal failure except?","exp":"Those drugs which are secreted in bile do not require dose reduction in renal disease. Doxycycline is secreted in bile, so it is safe in renal failure Drugs (commonly asked) safe in renal diseases include: Safe (Cef): Cefoperazone, Ceftriaxone In The: Tigecycline R: Rifampicin E: Erythromycin N: Nafcillin A: Ampicillin L: Lincosamides (Clindamycin) Disease: Doxycycline","cop":4,"opa":"Amphotericin B","opb":"Vancomycin","opc":"Gentamicin","opd":"Doxycycline","subject_name":"Pharmacology","topic_name":"AIIMS 2018","id":"27a7c775-991f-4c8d-8ba3-3783c3bf92db","choice_type":"multi"}613{"question":"Which of the following is not used in osteoporosis?","exp":"Ans: A. Milnacipran(Ref. Goodman Gilman 12\/e p1299; Katzung 13\/e p761-762, 12\/e p775; Harrison 19\/e p2493, 18\/c' p3120; Apley 9\/e p \/3 I-133)Milnacipran:Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI).Approved for treatment of pain in fibromyalgia, not in osteoporosis.Drugs useful in OsteoporosisInhibit Bone ResorptionStimulates Bone Both actionBisphosphonates: Alendronate, risedronate & etidronateCalcium receptor agonist: CinacalcetCalcitoninSERMs: Tamoxifen, raloxifeneGallium nitrateRANKL inhibitors: DonesumabTeriparatideCalciumCalcitriolFluorideStrontium ranelate","cop":1,"opa":"Milnacipran","opb":"PTH","opc":"Strontium ranelate","opd":"Denosumab","subject_name":"Pharmacology","topic_name":null,"id":"28b7a6ea-c657-4da7-81dc-88457a064655","choice_type":"single"}614{"question":"Consistent radiographs require:","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"Long cone technique","opb":"Fixed kvp & mA","opc":"Automatic processing","opd":"Proper developing","subject_name":"Radiology","topic_name":null,"id":"f841125e-342d-4ad5-9138-4acd357f08c6","choice_type":"single"}615{"question":"All of the following are true about augmentation of labor except:","exp":"Answer- A. Twin pregnancy precludes the use of oxytocin'Augmentation of labour is the process of stimulating the uterus to increase the frequency, duration and intensity of contractions after the onset of spontaneous labour. It has commonly been used to treat delayed labour when poor uterine contractions are assessed to be the underlying cause. The traditional methods of labour augmentation have been with the use of intravenous ocytocin infusion and aificial rupture of the membranes (amniotomy).","cop":1,"opa":"Twin pregnancy precludes the use of oxytocin","opb":"Amniotomy decreases the need for oxytocin use","opc":"Methods of augmentation does not increase the risk of operational management","opd":"Associated with a risk of uterine hyper stimulation","subject_name":"Gynaecology & Obstetrics","topic_name":null,"id":"a13b245e-56b4-43cd-84fe-1c83ac2badeb","choice_type":"multi"}616{"question":"Nucleus in brain common to IX, X and XI cranial nerves:","exp":"The nucleus ambiguus is a group of large motor neurons, situated deep in the medullary reticular formation. The nucleus ambiguus contains the cell bodies of nerves that innervate the muscles of the soft palate, pharynx, and larynx which are strongly associated with speech and swallowing.\nNucleus in brain common to IX, X and XI cranial nerves is\u00a0 nucleus ambiguous.","cop":2,"opa":"Nucleus solitarius","opb":"Nucleus ambiguus","opc":"Dentate nucleus","opd":"Red nucleus","subject_name":"Anatomy","topic_name":null,"id":"69c15b27-e061-413c-a011-854ea197f141","choice_type":"single"}617{"question":"Acromegaly occurs:","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"Before closure of epiphyses of long bones","opb":"After closure of epiphyses of long bones","opc":"Not related to closure of epiphyses of long bones","opd":"Depending on functioning on posterior Pituitary gland","subject_name":"Medicine","topic_name":null,"id":"23452aab-77af-4d16-ad42-8563863aa899","choice_type":"single"}618{"question":"Fordyce's spots are:","exp":null,"cop":3,"opa":"Fat tissue embedded in buccal mucosa","opb":"Red spots","opc":"Present on the cheek mucosa lateral to angle of the mouth","opd":"All of the above","subject_name":"Pathology","topic_name":null,"id":"191548fb-ba97-4ff9-9c4f-681747cff0c1","choice_type":"multi"}619{"question":"The tipping of a tooth results in the fibers of the PDL to be:","exp":null,"cop":3,"opa":"All compressed","opb":"All stretched","opc":"Half compressed half stretched","opd":"No effect","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"0849c1f4-59c8-4984-bbf5-bbe26d241f17","choice_type":"multi"}620{"question":"A 6-month child presented with diarrhea and vomiting for three days. Which of the following enterotoxin is most likely responsible for the condition?","exp":"Ans. A. NSP4Rotavirus nonstractural protein 4 (NSP4) is known to function as an intracellalar receptor at the endoplssmic reticalam (ER) critical to virul morphogenesis and is the first characterized virul enterotoxin.The associntion of NSP4 snd cuveolin-I contributes to NSP4 intrqcellular trfficking from the ER to the cell surfuce and speculate that exogenously added NSP4 stimulutes sigaaling molecules located in caveola microdomains.","cop":1,"opa":"NSP4","opb":"NSP6","opc":"VP3","opd":"VP7","subject_name":"Microbiology","topic_name":null,"id":"b2378ac9-d9c4-415f-9e8d-f77a39b6117a","choice_type":"single"}621{"question":"Most common site of CSF Rhinorrhoea is","exp":null,"cop":4,"opa":"Ethmoidal sinus","opb":"Frontal sinus","opc":"Petrous bone","opd":"Cribriform plate","subject_name":"Surgery","topic_name":null,"id":"16380c80-a853-44da-b7a8-e9a8e8aaab67","choice_type":"single"}622{"question":"Lymph from tongue not drained by following vessels","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"Central","opb":"Ventral","opc":"Posterior","opd":"Marginal","subject_name":"Anatomy","topic_name":null,"id":"2617e9f9-7ba9-4f7c-b182-f7dbff771148","choice_type":"single"}623{"question":"Vitamin K:","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Helps in formation of prothrombin","opb":"Inhibition of antithrombin","opc":"Prevention of capillary fragility","opd":"Stimulation of hematopoiesis in red bone marrow","subject_name":"Biochemistry","topic_name":null,"id":"2075da99-9c63-4a88-944a-b1abd40f6720","choice_type":"single"}624{"question":"The primary site of action of antidiuretic hormone is on the:","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Distal tubules and collecting ducts in the kidney","opb":"Afferent arterioles of the glomeruli","opc":"Thirst center in the hypothalamus","opd":"Osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus","subject_name":"Physiology","topic_name":null,"id":"9694e5f6-a417-49f7-a455-7a8d08c68f5c","choice_type":"single"}625{"question":"The part of the mandible which ossify in cartilage is:","exp":"The mandible is the second bone, next to the clavicle, to ossify in the body. Its greater part ossifies in membrane. The parts ossifying in cartilage include the incisive part below the incisor teeth, the coronoid and condyloid processes, and the upper half of the ramus above the level of the mandibular foramen.","cop":4,"opa":"Coronoid process","opb":"Condylar process","opc":"Upper half of ramus above the level of mandibular foramen","opd":"All of the above","subject_name":"Anatomy","topic_name":null,"id":"2dc17e8f-306a-433c-995c-9903dcaf4ccc","choice_type":"multi"}626{"question":"In a cerebrohepatorenal syndrome, which of the following accumulate in brain?","exp":"Zellweger syndrome Cerebro-Hepato-Renal Syndrome. Impaired neuronal migration, hypomyelination, hepatomegaly, renal cysts Autosomal recessive Rare Absence of Peroxisomes in almost all tissues, peroxisomes are responsible of oxidation of very long chain fatty acid which contain more than 22 carbon Accumulation of polyenic acids in brain, with carbon > 22 Severe neurological symptoms Most patients die within 1st year of life.","cop":3,"opa":"Pyruvate","opb":"Sho-chain fatty acid","opc":"Very long-chain fatty acid","opd":"Acetyl CoA","subject_name":"Biochemistry","topic_name":"AIIMS 2018","id":"af87accb-34b2-42de-be48-16e94bbf22ab","choice_type":"single"}627{"question":"Patient's cross-infection with sensor, in digital radiography\/RVG is prevented by","exp":null,"cop":4,"opa":"Cover with autoclaved cloth with each use","opb":"Wipe with ethyl alcohol in each patient","opc":"Clean with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite in each patient","opd":"Cover with impervious barrier","subject_name":"Radiology","topic_name":null,"id":"679512f7-f5af-4b3a-b7a1-851938dec9c5","choice_type":"single"}628{"question":"Term \"Clean Tooth Never Decays\" given by","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"Perrie Fauchard","opb":"Leon J Williams","opc":"Dean","opd":"MJ Rihanna","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"d8458f0b-fe46-465b-9f9d-85ff2379f6e1","choice_type":"single"}629{"question":"intermediate of kreb cycle used in heme synthesis;","exp":"Answer (A) succinyl-CoAAll the carbon and nitrogen atoms of the porphyrin molecule are provided by glycine(a nonessential amino acid) and succinyl coenzyme A (an intermediate in the citric acid cycle) that condense to form ALA in a reaction catalyzed by ALA synthase(ALAS)Heme synthesis also requires a functional tricarboxylic acid cycle and an oxygen supply.Heme synthesis stas in mitochondria with the condensation of succinyl-CoA with the amino acid glycine, activated by pyridoxal phosphate.ALA synthase is the rate-limiting enzyme of heme synthesis. ALA molecules enter the cytoplasm, where their union in the presence of ALA dehydratase yields porphobilinogen(PBG) and water molecules.","cop":1,"opa":"succinyl-CoA","opb":"Alpha ketoglutarate","opc":"Citrate","opd":"Aspaate","subject_name":"Biochemistry","topic_name":null,"id":"422e1a54-04f3-4193-ac55-61c4ae8b23a9","choice_type":"single"}630{"question":"Patient with Type I diabetes mellitus, with complains of polyuria. Which of the following will occur normally in his body?","exp":"The diabetic situation is same as fasting i.e. breakdown or catabolism will be increased & anabolism or synthesis is decreased. So in Diabetes, fats (TG) are broken down in adipose tissue to give fatty acids. These fatty acids go in blood & then to the liver. In liver, these fatty acids are broken down by beta-oxidation of fatty acids to give Acetyl CoA. This excess acetyl CoA obtained from fatty acids breakdown is used for the formation of fats e.g. fatty acids, endogenous TGs, VLDL & cholesterol. This is the only anabolic thing occurring in the liver of diabetic patients. Options A & B - wrong as the body is mainly in catabolism, not anabolism. Option C is correct i.e. increased conversion of fatty acid to Acetyl CoA. Option D - wrong- There is increased cholesterol synthesis.","cop":3,"opa":"Glycogenesis in muscle","opb":"Increased protein synthesis","opc":"Increased conversion of fatty acid to acetyl CoA","opd":"Decreased cholesterol synthesis","subject_name":"Biochemistry","topic_name":"AIIMS 2018","id":"a1afec74-7884-4775-ba33-b22046d16a4c","choice_type":"multi"}631{"question":"Reactive oxygen metabolite in lysosomes is released by","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"Peroxidase","opb":"NADPH oxidase","opc":"Superoxide dismutase","opd":"Catalase","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"8ad57c73-2ace-4454-810b-03aebb65f424","choice_type":"single"}632{"question":"Square root of pq\/n indicates:","exp":null,"cop":3,"opa":"Standard error of mean","opb":"Standard error of difference of means","opc":"Standard error of proportions","opd":"Standard error of difference in proportions","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"91670015-d49a-46d1-9ca2-925f832c300e","choice_type":"single"}633{"question":"Which of the following should be treated by using a \ntissue conditioner material?","exp":null,"cop":3,"opa":"Tissue symptoms related to diabetes mellitus","opb":"Generalized ridge hyperplasia","opc":"Traumatized mucosa caused by ill fitting dentures","opd":"Sharp residual ridge in molar area","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"fac1c57f-f361-406f-a09e-007278ccec16","choice_type":"single"}634{"question":"Which of the following is not an indication for evisceration?","exp":"Ans: A. Malignancy(Ref Yanoff and Duker 4\/e p1339)Evisceration of eye is not done in malignancy.Evisceration:Surgical technique removing entire intraocular eye contents.Simpler procedure than enucleation surgery.Advantages:Leaves scleral shell & extraocular muscle attachments intact.Offers better orbital anatomy preservation & natural motility of ophthalmic socket tissues.Contraindications:Documented or suspected intraocular malignant tumors.","cop":1,"opa":"Malignancy","opb":"Panophthalmitis","opc":"Severe globe trauma","opd":"Expulsive hemorrhage","subject_name":"Ophthalmology","topic_name":null,"id":"4a131164-eb3c-4152-9556-b81ae98e2066","choice_type":"single"}635{"question":"The one measurement of fetal maturity that is not affected by a 'bloody tap' during amniocentesis is:","exp":"The best test to detect fetal lung maturity in diabetic mothers is presence of phophatidyl glycerol (PG) in amniotic fluid. If PG is present in amniotic fluid fetal lungs are considered mature and vice versa.","cop":2,"opa":"L\/S ratio","opb":"Phosphatidyl glycerol","opc":"\u03b1-fetoprotein","opd":"Bilirubin as a measured by DOD 450","subject_name":"Gynaecology & Obstetrics","topic_name":null,"id":"721d3b8f-c3a4-4f82-899a-db8078710935","choice_type":"single"}636{"question":"Sensitivity in gingival area of class II light cured composite restoration after 2 months is due to:","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Improper cavity preparation at gingival margin","opb":"Curing from occlusal area only","opc":"Addition of resin in multiple increments","opd":"Curing from buccal and lingual aspect","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"f3a56182-648b-4ca9-9e60-6ef497b1b54f","choice_type":"single"}637{"question":"Which dentifrices should be used for periodontal patients?","exp":null,"cop":3,"opa":"Tooth powders with high abrasive content","opb":"Tooth pastes with high abrasive content","opc":"Tooth pastes with minimum abrasive content","opd":"All of the above","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"961cefc7-4740-4428-89fc-32f3782b5f5d","choice_type":"multi"}638{"question":"A young patient is diagnosed to have irreparable tear of the rotator cuff. Treatment of choice will be:","exp":"Ans: A. Tendon transfer(Ref Apley 9\/e p347,348)Treatment of choice for irreparable tear of rotator cuff in young patient = Tendon transfer.Subacromial decompression and debridement of degenerate cuff tissue:Useful for irreparable massive full thickness tears.Pain relief allows reasonable shoulder abduction by remaining muscles.Other methods:Supraspinatus advancement.Latissimus dorsi transfer.Rotator cuff transposition.Fascia Iota autogruit.Synthetic tendon graft.","cop":1,"opa":"Tendon transfer","opb":"Total shoulder replacement","opc":"Reverse c shoulder replacement","opd":"Acromioplasty","subject_name":"Surgery","topic_name":null,"id":"1bcbe056-96b4-41aa-a7aa-044d7d2ac555","choice_type":"single"}639{"question":"A 22 year old female in emergency presents with sore throat from 3 days, headache and vomiting, blood pressure 90\/50, tiny red spots distal to sphygomomanometer cuff","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"Brucella species","opb":"Neisseria Meningitidis","opc":"P.falciparum","opd":"Salmonella species","subject_name":"Medicine","topic_name":null,"id":"7d6455c7-5b76-4e75-84e6-0e37f920fa5a","choice_type":"single"}640{"question":"A young male complains of burning sensation upon urination and a purulent urethral discharge. Gram stain of the specimen shows pus cells with Gram negative diplococci. What is not true about the organism?","exp":"The picture depicts Neisseria gonorrhea which have pili as a virulence factor and are both catalase and oxidase positive and show slow twitching (false kind of motility) But are not strict intracellular aerobes.it could be extracellular.","cop":2,"opa":"Pili is a virulence factor","opb":"Intracellular obligate","opc":"Show twitching motility","opd":"It is both catalase and oxidase positive","subject_name":"Microbiology","topic_name":"AIIMS 2019","id":"e99cd253-50f5-421d-a17b-eeb17ed1999c","choice_type":"multi"}641{"question":"Hypogonadism, developmental delay, loss of taste and\nsmell is due to deficiency of:","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"Cu","opb":"Zn","opc":"K","opd":"Cr","subject_name":"Pathology","topic_name":null,"id":"f32e7596-5c32-4ea2-922d-d2c60d0e3097","choice_type":"single"}642{"question":"Characteristics radiological feature of transient tachypnoea of newborn is \u2013","exp":"The lungs are generally clear without rales or rhonchi and chest roentgenogram shows\n\n\nProminent pulmonary vascular markings\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u2751 Overaeration\nFluid lines in the fissure\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u2751 Flat diaphragms\nProminent inter lobar fissure\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u2751 Occasionally pleural fluid.","cop":3,"opa":"Reticulogranular appearance","opb":"Low volume lungs","opc":"Prominent horizontal fissure","opd":"Air bronchogram","subject_name":"Pediatrics","topic_name":null,"id":"e8b34af9-6a4b-42cf-90ce-fb46a23db79d","choice_type":"single"}643{"question":"16 year girl, Not sexually active, came for vaccination against cervical cancer. Which vaccine to be given","exp":"Quadrivalent Gardasil and the bivalent Cervarix against HPV subtypes 16 and 18. 97% to 100% efficacy for preventing cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (C1N) grades 2 and 3 caused by HPV 16 or 18 in females who were not previously infected However, efficacy was only 44% in those who were infected prior to vaccination. A third HPV vaccine, Gardasil-9, an additional five high-risk subtypes (HPV 31\/33\/45\/52\/58)","cop":1,"opa":"Gardasil","opb":"Rubavac","opc":"Biovac","opd":"Tdap","subject_name":"Gynaecology & Obstetrics","topic_name":"AIIMS 2019","id":"c605ec0d-1c44-4ac9-a57d-df54ba52bb0e","choice_type":"multi"}644{"question":"plate endings are features of","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"Nuclear chain fibres","opb":"Nuclear bag fibres","opc":"Golgi tendon","opd":"Extra fusal","subject_name":"Physiology","topic_name":null,"id":"dfdb6250-ea23-4154-b381-ff16ea720fb8","choice_type":"single"}645{"question":"Tuberculin test is a cheap and easily available test. In which of the following situations there is high failure in the interpretation of the test?","exp":"Ans: A. High percentage of immunized people(Ref Park 24\/e p195-196, 23\/e p186)High failure of tuberculin test:High percentage of immunized people - Due to higher BCG coverage producing tuberculin hypersensitivity.Exaggerated responses:In presence of atypical mycobacteria infection & 'boosting effect' of second tuberculin dose producing larger reaction than 1st.Tuberculin test lost its sensitivity as an indicator of true prevalence of infection.","cop":1,"opa":"High percentage of immunized people","opb":"HIV cases are less","opc":"High prevalence of disease","opd":"Environmental mycobacterium infections are less","subject_name":"Social & Preventive Medicine","topic_name":null,"id":"2166e021-8b96-47ad-9e4d-fa55a623938b","choice_type":"single"}646{"question":"Which of the following parameters is used to determine the sensitivity of vaccine due to heat?","exp":"Ans: A. VVMRef: K Park, 23'd ed, pg. 110VVM (Vaccine Vial Monitor)VVM is a label containing a heat-sensitive material which is placed on a vaccine l to register cumulative heat exposure over time.It has outer blue circle and inner white square.","cop":1,"opa":"VVM","opb":"VMV","opc":"VCM","opd":"VMM","subject_name":"Social & Preventive Medicine","topic_name":null,"id":"1acc9c45-12a8-4fd0-92e6-c7980c21348a","choice_type":"single"}647{"question":"A young man was on high protein diet. After 3 days he developed weakness. Blood investigation revealed hypoglycemia. Hypoglycemia is due to inhibition of which of the following enzymes","exp":"Answer- D. PEP carboxylase","cop":4,"opa":"Glucose 6 phosphatase","opb":"Glycogen phosphorylase","opc":"Phosphoglucomutase","opd":"PEP carboxylase","subject_name":"Medicine","topic_name":null,"id":"a79f09ab-a292-4a46-ac30-dbf9daadc72a","choice_type":"single"}648{"question":"A 8 year old child presented with cough and fever since 15 days. On auscultation, decreased air entry was found on right side. A CXR was done and shown below. What is the most likely diagnosis?","exp":"Rt. upper lobe Consolidation Ill-defined radio-opacity in the right upper lobe-Obscuration\/Silhouetting the right hea border No tracheal detion NOTE:* Silhouetting of right hea border - Rt. Middle lobe pathology* Silhouetting of left hea border - Lingular pathology Normal CXR RML Consolidation Lung abscess: Hydatid cyst Presence of Air fluid levels Shows cystic lesion with multiple floating membranes","cop":1,"opa":"Consolidation","opb":"Abscess","opc":"Hydatid Cyst","opd":"Congenital. AV Malformation","subject_name":"Radiology","topic_name":"AIIMS 2019","id":"dd0e6433-1998-4d01-bd39-8c64bfa0dd4f","choice_type":"single"}649{"question":"Malaria control means","exp":"- Disease control is determined by, 1. Reduction of Incidence 2. Reduction of duration of disease 3. Reduction of complications 4. Reduction of financial burden to the community. - Reducing incidence to zero Localized - Elimination Worldwide - Eradication - If the chain of transmission has been reasonably interrupted for minimum 3 years, ceificate of Elevation of malaria from world Health Organisation is given.","cop":3,"opa":"To reduce Malaria moality to Zero","opb":"To prevent local transmission for 3 years","opc":"To reduce Malaria disease so that its no longer a Public Health Problem","opd":"To reduce Incidence to Zero","subject_name":"Social & Preventive Medicine","topic_name":"AIIMS 2019","id":"fff1837f-cb64-4f0a-9832-6d611b8e9f28","choice_type":"single"}650{"question":"Which of the following bacteria is responsible for progression of dental caries:","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"Actinomyces spp.","opb":"Proteolytic bacteria","opc":"Acidogenic bacteria","opd":"Gram positive bacteria","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"dcefed9b-19be-4331-ac01-6876e7d194f4","choice_type":"single"}651{"question":"4yr boy absence of right testes, diagnostic laparoscopy done, a blind end vessel seen what to do next?","exp":"Ans. D. Inguinal approachCryptorchidism is the most common congenital abnormality of the genitourinary tract.Cryptorchidism means hidden testis.An absent testis may be due to agenesis or atrophy secondary to intrauterine vascular compromise also known as the \"vanishing testis syndrome\".Bilaterally absent testes is anorchia which is 10% cases.More common on Right Side.Complications of undescended testesTorsion can be seen in incomplete testicular descentSterility is seen in bilateral cases (especially intra-abdominal testes)Incomplete testicular descent predisposes to malignant disease; cancer is more common in an incompletely descended testes-orchidopexy may or may not diminish the risk.Atrophy of an inguinal testes before pubey may possibly be caused by recurrent minor trauma.In patients with a unilateral nonpalpable testis, a descended testis that is larger than expected suggests an atrophic undescended testis; confirmation requires surgical intervention typically diagnostic laparoscopy to seek an intra-abdominal testis or confirm testicular agenesis. However, scrotal or inguinal exploration is sometimes done if a testicular remnant distal to the internal inguinal ring is suspected.","cop":4,"opa":"Open laprotomy","opb":"Nothing to be done","opc":"Scrotal approach","opd":"Inguinal approach","subject_name":"Pediatrics","topic_name":null,"id":"51bdbdd1-de3d-45e7-8bfb-dbd36e1ae434","choice_type":"single"}652{"question":"If multiple firing is done to opaque layer of dental porcelain than It become","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"Too Smooth","opb":"Too glazed","opc":"Become more opaque","opd":"Crack","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"bb51425d-0636-48c5-89ca-4358036b933b","choice_type":"single"}653{"question":"Distolingual extension of the mandibular impression for \na complete denture is limited by the action of:","exp":null,"cop":4,"opa":"Stylohyoid muscle","opb":"Medial pterygoid muscle","opc":"Lateral pterygoid muscle","opd":"Superior constrictor muscle","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"3298a422-a9d1-4c22-969e-7141e50e8552","choice_type":"single"}654{"question":"Among the following propeies of dopamine, which of them is not helpful in acute shock?","exp":"Ans: B. Increase in renal perfusion due to agonist action on DI receptors(Ref: Goodman Gilman 13Ie p1062, 12\/e p355; KDT 71e p134, 6Ie p507)Dopamine at low concentrations (2 to 5 mug\/kg per minute) primarily acts on vascular D, receptors, especially in the renal, mesenteric, and coronary beds.Increased renal perfusion caused by dopamine due to DI agonism (at low doses) doesn't improves survival in acute shock.","cop":2,"opa":"Alpha-1 agonist action leading to peripheral vasoconstriction","opb":"Increase in renal perfusion due to agonist action on DI receptors","opc":"Releases noradrenaline and causes positive inotropic effect","opd":"Direct action on hea beta-1 receptors","subject_name":"Pharmacology","topic_name":null,"id":"a30f9a2b-52f0-4880-980d-d56de2a88910","choice_type":"single"}655{"question":"3.5 kg term male baby, born of uncomplicated pregnancy, developed, respiratory distress at birth, not responded to surfactant, ECHO finding revealed nothing abnormal, X\u2013ray showed ground glass appearance and culture negative. Apgars 4 and 5 at 1 and 5 minutes. History of one month female sibling died before. What is the diagnosis ?","exp":"\"Respiratory distress in an infant along with a positive family history of similarly affected newborn infants strongly suggests, pulmonary alveolar proteinosis\".\nPulmonary alveolar proteinosis \n\nPulmonary alveolar proteinosis is a disorder characterized by the intraalveolar accumulation of pulmonary surfactant.\nTwo clinically distinct forms of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis are seen -\n\n\nFatal form\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 -->\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Presenting shortly after birth (congenital PAP)\n\nu Gradually progressive form -->\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Presenting in older infants and children\nPathology\n\nAlthough the mechanisms that lead to alveolar proteinosis are undefined, histological findings suggests that they result in a disruption of pulmonary surfactant metabolism.\nThe main surface tension lowering agent in surfactant is phospholipids le. primary dipalmitol phosphatidyl choline.\nHowever DPCC needs surfactant protein (in endogenous and natural surfactants) for efficient dispersion which enables the formation of a phospholipid monolayer on the alveolar surface.\nThere are two surfactant proteins present in the body i.e., protein A and protein B.\nIn pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, there is absence of protein B.\nIn the absence of protein B, the rapid spread and absorption of the phospholipid (DPCC) does not take place so they cannot form a phospholipid monolayer on the alveolar surface.\nThis in turn leads to failure of expansion of alveoli leading to poor cardiorespiratory adaptation at birth.\n\nClinical manifestation -\n\nThis disorder is immediately apparent in the newborn period and rapidly leads to respiratory failure.\nCongenital pulmonary alveolar proteinosis is clinically and radiographically indistinguishable from more common disorders of the newborn that lead to respiratory failure including pneumonia, generalized bacterial infection, respiratory distress syndrome and total anomalous pulmonary venous return with obstruction.\n\nDiagnosis\n\nHistopathological examination of lung biopsy specimen is the gold standard for diagnosis.\nOn histopathological examination distal air spaces are filled with a granular, eosinophillic material that stains\n\npositively with periodic - acid schiff reagent and is diastase resistant.\nTreatment\n\nUntreated, alveolar proteinosis in newborns is rapidly fatal and no successful medical therapy has been developed.\nRepeated bronchoalveolar lavage is a temporizing measure.\nLung transplantation is the only therapeutic option but its use is limited by concerns about disease recurrence.","cop":3,"opa":"TAPVC","opb":"Meconium aspiration","opc":"Neonatal pulmonary alveolar proteinosis","opd":"Diffuse herpes simplex infection","subject_name":"Pediatrics","topic_name":null,"id":"f1cbc766-a7ea-44ec-ba8b-997ffc3a028a","choice_type":"single"}656{"question":"Upper lip is formed by the fusion of:","exp":null,"cop":3,"opa":"Maxillary and lateral nasal process.","opb":"Lateral nasal and median nasal process.","opc":"Maxillary, lateral nasal, median nasal process.","opd":"Maxillary, mandibular, lateral nasal, median nasal process.","subject_name":"Anatomy","topic_name":null,"id":"0671ba93-8d80-4028-be83-24a1d3adec61","choice_type":"single"}657{"question":"Increased Monocytic count is seen in Typhoid and which of the following conditions?","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"Parasitic infections","opb":"Sub-Acute Bacterial Endocarditis","opc":"Hodgkin's Lymphoma","opd":"None of the above","subject_name":"Medicine","topic_name":null,"id":"5ca66e2e-503b-4847-a729-c8be53fa9325","choice_type":"multi"}658{"question":"If 2 Implants of size 4 mm are to be placed in a ridge, what should be the minimum width required in the ridge","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"14 mm","opb":"15 mm","opc":"17 mm","opd":"18 mm","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"723bfe80-93c4-411e-8fcf-d6d99cb53ef0","choice_type":"single"}659{"question":"Elderly female present with pain and swelling in the thigh. Xray shows multiple lytic lesions in distal femur with no periosteal reaction. Aspirate from the swelling shows homogenous serosanguinous fluid with RBCs. Which investigation can confirm the diagnosis?","exp":"History is suggestive of blood filled bone tumor seen in Hyperparathyroidism. HYPERPARATHYROIDISM May be primary (due to adenoma or hyperplasia), secondary (due to persistent hypocalcemia) or tertiary (when secondary hyperplasia leads to autonomous overactivity). Fig. X-ray hand--hyperparathyroidism Fig. Brown tumor Figs. A and B: (A) Lamina dura and (B) Resorption of lamina dura Salt pepper skull Parathyroid adenoma Most common cause of primary hyperparathyroidism. Presents with subperiosteal resorption, and replacement of endosteal cavitation marrow by vascular granulation and fibrous tissue (osteitis fibrosa cystica). Classical and pathognomic feature of hyperparathyroidism is subperiosteal coical resorption of middle phalanges on radial aspect Clinical features- Abdominal groans (dyspepsia), psychic moans, renal stones and weak bones (Groans, moans, stones and Bones). Ix- Parathyroid hormone and S. alkaline phosphate are raised. Calcium is high, serum phosphate is low.","cop":2,"opa":"S. Calcium levels","opb":"S. PTH levels","opc":"MRI","opd":"CD1a IHC","subject_name":"Orthopaedics","topic_name":"AIIMS 2019","id":"c6f6754f-21ac-49d0-b8cd-8bf25049d813","choice_type":"single"}660{"question":"Radiation affects all three germ layers (ectoderm mesoderm and endoderm) in which of the following","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Teratoid cyst","opb":"Dermoid cyst","opc":"Thyroglossal cyst","opd":"Branchial cyst","subject_name":"Pathology","topic_name":null,"id":"61ac5df1-c2c1-48ba-9e04-b86120f10110","choice_type":"multi"}661{"question":"Post op pulmonary complications are seen\/expected in all except:-","exp":"General anesthesia produces changes in respiratory system and can cause post op pulmonary complication. Risk factor: Thoracic surgery\/Upper abdomen surgery Cigarette smoker Chronic respiratory disease Emergency surgery Anesthesia time duration if more than 180 minutes Age >70 years\/> 65 years Renal failure patient Poor nutritional status Significant Blood loss or blood transfusion","cop":1,"opa":"BMI>30","opb":"Upper abdominal surgery","opc":"Patient with 7 pack years of smoking","opd":"Age >70","subject_name":"Anaesthesia","topic_name":"AIIMS 2019","id":"8466f417-6a8e-4f07-87f8-556fb5fac62a","choice_type":"multi"}662{"question":"The antidote for heparin is:","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"Penicillinase","opb":"Protamine sulphate","opc":"Pryosulphate","opd":"Potassium sulphate","subject_name":"Pharmacology","topic_name":null,"id":"c628fd13-7ada-40eb-917a-1de334a5ee5b","choice_type":"single"}663{"question":"26 years old female suffers from PPH on her second postnatal day. Her APTT and PTT are prolonged while BT, PT and platelet counts are normal. Likely diagnosis is:","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Acquired hemophilia","opb":"Lupus anticoagulant","opc":"DIC","opd":"Inherited congenital hemophilia.","subject_name":"Gynaecology & Obstetrics","topic_name":null,"id":"eaae5960-af00-46cd-8bf6-2b238919fb76","choice_type":"single"}664{"question":"Which of the following is a tool used in gene editing?","exp":"Answer- A. CRISPRA type of genetic engineering in which DNA is inseed, deleted or replaced in the genome of a living organism using engineered nucleases, or \"molecular scissors.Four Families of Engineered Nucleases being usedMeganucleasesTranscription Activator-Like Effector-based Nucleases (TALEN)Zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs)Clustered Regularly Interspaced Sho Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)-Cas systemForm the basis of a genome editing technology known as CRISPR\/Cas9 that allows permanent modification of genes within organisms.","cop":1,"opa":"CRISPR","opb":"Gene Xpe","opc":"Big Data","opd":"HealthCare App","subject_name":"Pathology","topic_name":null,"id":"543b341f-7350-4a9b-9bc6-63a1a2cee1e8","choice_type":"single"}665{"question":"Which of the following muscles causes the forward movement of the condyle in the glenoid fossa?","exp":"The lateral pterygoid muscle has 2\u00a0heads, one arising from the outer part of the lateral pterygoid plate and other from the base of sphenoid bone. The two heads come together and are inserted into the neck of the condyle. The main function of this muscle is to draw both the head of the condyle and the disc forward during opening movement. Lateral pterygoid muscles cause the forward movement of the condyle into the glenoid fossa.","cop":4,"opa":"Masseter","opb":"Temporalis","opc":"Medial pterygoid","opd":"Lateral pterygoid","subject_name":"Anatomy","topic_name":null,"id":"93c4a1a4-7b8b-4d71-b246-3125604bc899","choice_type":"single"}666{"question":"Which of the following is characteristic of T.B. otitis media -","exp":null,"cop":4,"opa":"Marginal perforation","opb":"Attic perforation","opc":"Large central perforation","opd":"Multiple perforation","subject_name":"ENT","topic_name":null,"id":"693c8309-0775-4b3a-899a-5fd7064993f3","choice_type":"single"}667{"question":"All of the following features are suggestive of asbestosis except:","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Occurs within five years of exposure","opb":"The disease progresses even after removal of contact","opc":"Can lead to pleural mesothelioma","opd":"Sputum contains asbestos bodies","subject_name":"Medicine","topic_name":null,"id":"7c6e7661-04a5-49db-b796-9e2091486f01","choice_type":"multi"}668{"question":"High molecular weight proteins in cataractous lens seen only in humans:","exp":"Ans: D. HM 3 and 4(Ref The Eve 3\/e p305-307: Biochemistry of Eve by David R\/p28)High molecular weight proteins in cataractous lens only in humans = HM 3 & 4.HM3 & HM4:Insoluble high molecular weight proteins.Found in cataractous lens.","cop":4,"opa":"HM 1 and 2","opb":"HM 2 and 3","opc":"HM 2 and 4","opd":"HM 3 and 4","subject_name":"Ophthalmology","topic_name":null,"id":"796d7b5d-f79d-4c6a-860c-198e9404ea07","choice_type":"single"}669{"question":"Which of following in not true about SLE?","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"IgA. IgU against basement of mucosa or increased collagen formation","opb":"ROR-2 gene mutation","opc":"Complement c3 activation and fibroblast formation","opd":"Positive antinuclear antibody test","subject_name":"Pathology","topic_name":null,"id":"36fbf017-4fe4-4eb2-b6e8-5cd677d31a5d","choice_type":"multi"}670{"question":"The surgical registrar successfully performs a testicu!lar biopsy and hands over the specimen to the attend!ing nurse. The sister asks you how to send the speci!men to the pathologist. What fluid will you tell the sister to put the specimen in?","exp":"Ans: C. Bouin's solution(Ref: Surgical Pathology by 'Rosai and Ackerman 9Ie p27; Upper Urinary tract Urothelial Carcinoma by Michael Grasso (2015)1p11)Testicular biopsy specimen should be put into Boitin's solution.\"Bouin's is a noncoagulate picrate solution which is routinely utilized to fix testicular biopsies because it preserves nuclear detail.\"","cop":3,"opa":"95% ethanol","opb":"Zenker's solution","opc":"Bouin's solution","opd":"10% formalin","subject_name":"Pathology","topic_name":null,"id":"29d2e3e3-3b3c-4b84-af19-e8e98c5e104e","choice_type":"single"}671{"question":"Most common phobia in chilhood:","exp":"Zoophobia is found in children of age group 2-4 yrs and it disaapears by 10 yrs of age.","cop":1,"opa":"Zoophobia","opb":"Nyclophobia","opc":"Xenophobia.","opd":"Claustrophobia","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"4ffc9c91-2230-44f7-826f-91b8d683ab20","choice_type":"single"}672{"question":"The finish line used in complete metal cast crown is:","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Chamfer","opb":"Chafer with bevel","opc":"Feather edge","opd":"Shoulder","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"a078a54d-e02d-43f3-8d18-a64ee201c427","choice_type":"single"}673{"question":"In carrier base gutta percha the plastic carrier size of 40- 90 are made by?","exp":null,"cop":4,"opa":"Plastic liquid crystal","opb":"Poly propylene","opc":"Poly sulphide","opd":"Poly sulphone","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"bebb654f-88d5-4a1f-a9fb-dd65b42beeca","choice_type":"single"}674{"question":"A 4-year old girl presents with severe vomiting after a viral fever of 5 days. She is hospitalized and develops cerebral edema. Liver biopsy is most likely to demonstrate w hich of the following?","exp":"Ans. d. Marked microvesicular steatosisReye!s Syndrome (Fatty Liver with Encephalopathy):Acute illness, encountered exclusively in childrenOnset usually follows an upper respiratory tract infection, especially influenza or chickenpoxdegCharacterized clinically by: Vomitingdeg, signs of progressive CNS damagedeg, signs of hepatic injurydeg, hypoglycemiadegCause is unknown, although viral agents and salicylates have been implicate&Morphologically, extensive vacuolization of the liver and renal tubulesdeg.Extensive accumulation of fat droplets within hepatocytes (microvesicular steatosis)","cop":4,"opa":"Centrizonal hemorrhagic necrosis","opb":"Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis","opc":"Ring granulomas","opd":"Marked microvesicular steatosis","subject_name":"Medicine","topic_name":null,"id":"a40a185a-f898-4978-a1aa-17ea136cacce","choice_type":"single"}675{"question":"The carat for Au foil used for restorations is:","exp":"Direct filling gold, also called gold foil, is a\u00a0metallic restorative material that relies on its ductility and malleability to adapt to a cavity preparation. The restorative process requires condensation that makes the final restoration practically a wrought metal.\nKARAT\nIt refers to the parts of pure gold present in 24 parts of alloy, e.g.,\n\u2014 24 karat gold is pure gold.\n\u2014 22 karat gold is 22 parts pure gold and 2 parts of other metal.","cop":4,"opa":"18","opb":"20","opc":"22","opd":"24","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"dce755d7-6fd9-4ec6-b136-74ead349da24","choice_type":"single"}676{"question":"APAF-1 is involved in the activation of which of the following casapses?","exp":"Cytochrome c is released from mitochondria during apoptosis. Once released into the cytosol, cytochrome c binds to a protein called APAF-1 (apoptosis-activating factor-1), forming a multimeric structure called the apoptosome. This complex binds to caspase-9, the critical initiator caspase of the mitochondrial pathway, and promotes its autocatalytic cleavage, generating catalytically active forms of the enzyme.","cop":2,"opa":"Caspase 8","opb":"Caspase 9","opc":"Caspase 3","opd":"Caspase 10","subject_name":"Pathology","topic_name":"AIIMS 2020","id":"75875e90-359b-410d-a777-4cd41003fe93","choice_type":"single"}677{"question":"All of the following are suggestive of domestic violence in a child except:","exp":"Ans: A. Wormian bones(Ref: Reddy 34\/e p417; Parikh 6\/e p4. 187).Wormian bones are seen in Osteogenesis imperfecta and not child abuse.Wormian bones, also known as intrasutural bones or sutural bones, are extra bone pieces that can occur within a suture (joint) in the skull. These are irregular isolated bones that can appear in addition to the usual centres of ossification of the skull and, although unusual, are not rare'Battered baby' syndrome:Suspected due to severe & varied changes in metaphyses, periosteal new bone formation or epiphyseal separation.Also referred as \"Caffey's Syndrome\/Infantile Whiplash Syndrome\".Injuries Type & Pattern:Arms & legs:Move about in a whiplash movement resulting in typical 'corner'or 'bucket-handle'-fractures in metaphyseal region.Classical metaphyseal corner or bucket handle fracture\" - Viually pathognomonic for abuse.Fractures of acromion, sternum & spinous processes - High specificity for abuse.","cop":1,"opa":"Wormian bones","opb":"Microfractures in the sub-ep physeal region","opc":"Corner fractures","opd":"Bucket handle fractures of metaphyses","subject_name":"Forensic Medicine","topic_name":null,"id":"236b5f58-36f4-4644-b7ee-8f90903dba8f","choice_type":"multi"}678{"question":"What should be ideal depth of MTA for root end filling material?","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"1 mm","opb":"3 mm","opc":"5 mm","opd":"7 mm","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"549d38f4-993a-4009-ae9c-c0a7638437e8","choice_type":"single"}679{"question":"The high cou has the power to stay the execution of a pregnant woman according to which section of Criminal Procedure Code?","exp":"Ans: A. 416 CrPC(Ref Reddy 33\/e p392; Textbook on the Indian Penal Code by Krishna Deo Gaur 4\/e p594, the-indian-penal-code-pdf:d74214920)Section 416 of Criminal Procedure Code, 1973:Postponement of capital sentence pregnant woman.Ie., The power of high cou to stay execution of a pregnant woman.Sometimes if fit, commutes the sentence to life imprisonment.","cop":1,"opa":"416 CrPC","opb":"417 CrPC","opc":"418 CrPC","opd":"419 CrPC","subject_name":"Forensic Medicine","topic_name":null,"id":"745734e9-afe6-4098-bd64-66ee49c64dc0","choice_type":"single"}680{"question":"Which of the following muscle divides the sub-mandibular gland into a superficial and deep part?","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"Genioglossus","opb":"Mylohyoid","opc":"Sternohyoid","opd":"Digastric","subject_name":"Anatomy","topic_name":null,"id":"7cfc2dcb-313a-4722-98b1-ac63c7b49e75","choice_type":"single"}681{"question":"Renal osteodystrophy differs from nutritional and genetic form of osteomaLacia in having:","exp":null,"cop":4,"opa":"Hypocalcemia","opb":"Hypercalcemia","opc":"Hypophosphatemia","opd":"Hyperphosphatemia","subject_name":"Medicine","topic_name":null,"id":"0a96136a-d645-4ad6-9f31-53192793e1d0","choice_type":"single"}682{"question":"Skeletal muscles:","exp":null,"cop":3,"opa":"Contracts when calcium is taken up by sacroplasmic reticulum","opb":"Contracts when actin and myosin filaments shorten","opc":"Contraction is initiated by calcium binding to troponin","opd":"Contraction is initiated by calcium binding to tropomyosin","subject_name":"Physiology","topic_name":null,"id":"0827b7a4-82ff-4ede-bd25-21da1822eb9c","choice_type":"single"}683{"question":"The advantage of glass ionomer cement reinforced with metal particles is:","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"Decreased strength but biocompatibility","opb":"Increased resistance to abrasion","opc":"Better colour","opd":"Ease of manipulation","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"498c62ec-aed7-45cd-a1c4-d3415bdaf58c","choice_type":"single"}684{"question":"Best guide for the management of Resuscitation is:","exp":"The best measure of organ perfusion and the best monitor of the adequacy of shock therapy remains the urine output\". Minimum urine output in ADULTS - 1ml\/min Minimum urine output in CHILDRENS - (0.5 - 1) ml\/min","cop":2,"opa":"CVP","opb":"Urine output","opc":"Blood pressure","opd":"Saturation of Oxygen","subject_name":"Surgery","topic_name":"AIIMS 2017","id":"a963bf66-e44e-445f-b3ba-26efcd836ad9","choice_type":"single"}685{"question":"The disturbances occurred during \"Calcification\" stage of tooth development is seen in:","exp":null,"cop":4,"opa":"Peg laterals","opb":"Microdontia","opc":"Supernumerary tooth","opd":"Interglobular dentin","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"2cacbd66-ae8e-45cc-85b8-6242487724b6","choice_type":"single"}686{"question":"All of the following affects bur efficiency except:","exp":"Taper angle and head length and diameter has no effect on bur efficiency.","cop":2,"opa":"Spiral angle","opb":"Head length and diameter","opc":"Neck diameter","opd":"Crosscut","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"112694f0-3fab-4d28-84a7-ebf4721eee1b","choice_type":"multi"}687{"question":"All are structures lying deep to the hyoglossus muscle except:","exp":"The hyoglossus, a quadrilateral sheet of muscle, is the key muscle of the suprahyoid region because it serves as a landmark for neighboring structures in the region.\u00a0\nSuperficial relations:\u00a0\n\nHypoglossal nerve, crosses the lower part of muscle from behind forwards.\nLingual nerve, crosses the upper part of muscle from behind forwards.\nDeep part of the submandibular gland and submandibular duct. The gland lies in the middle of hyoglossus muscle and the duct lies between the gland and the muscle.\nSubmandibular ganglion lies between the lingual nerve and deep part of the submandibular gland.\nStyloglossus muscle\u2014interdigitates with hyoglossus.\nMylohyoid muscle overlaps the hyoglossus anterosuperiorly.\n\nDeep relations:\u00a0\n\nInferior longitudinal muscle of tongue.\nGenioglossus muscle anteriorly.\nMiddle constrictor of pharynx posteriorly.\nGlossopharyngeal nerve.\nStylohyoid ligament.\nLingual artery.\n\nStructures passing deep to posterior border of hyoglossus:\n\nGlossopharyngeal nerve.\nStylohyoid ligament.\nLingual artery.","cop":1,"opa":"Hypoglossal nerve","opb":"Lingual artery","opc":"Stylohyoid muscle","opd":"Geniohyoid muscle","subject_name":"Anatomy","topic_name":null,"id":"cbc66ce4-2ba3-4f5a-b22b-6640ac66581e","choice_type":"multi"}688{"question":"Which of the following disease modifying anti-rheumatoid drugs acts by increasing extracellular adenosine?","exp":"Answer-D. Methotrexate\"Methotrexate is the DMARD of choicefor the treatment of RA and is the anchor drug for most combination therapies.At the dosages ased for lhe treatment of RA, methotrexale has been shown to stimulate adenosine release from cells, producing an anti-inflammatory effect.Methotrexate (MTX) is a folic acid analog that binds with high affinity to the active catalytic site of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR).","cop":4,"opa":"Leflunomide","opb":"Hydroxychloroquine","opc":"Azathioprine","opd":"Methotrexate","subject_name":"Pharmacology","topic_name":null,"id":"5aeb3b7a-9012-4472-a233-740ba0f1dac5","choice_type":"single"}689{"question":"Oral prophylaxis is contraindicated in:","exp":null,"cop":4,"opa":"Prepubertal gingivitis","opb":"Pregnancy gingivitis","opc":"Ulcerative refractory gingivitis","opd":"Leukemic gingivitis","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"d49f81a6-24c9-40e0-952f-8ff63eb6947d","choice_type":"single"}690{"question":"Injury to the right mandibular nerve as it passes through foramen ovale produces the following effects:","exp":"{This is due to damage of lingual branch of mandibular nerve.}","cop":4,"opa":"Loss of taste from the anterior 2\/3 of tongue","opb":"Deviation of the tongue to the left","opc":"Deviation of chin to left when mouth is opened","opd":"Loss of general sensation to anterior 2\/3 of tongue","subject_name":"Anatomy","topic_name":null,"id":"a02c508f-6cf6-4699-b134-e50fd2d84fee","choice_type":"single"}691{"question":"The cross section of the root most prone to vertical root fracture is","exp":"One\u00a0of the\u00a0common\u00a0anatomic\u00a0features\u00a0shared\u00a0by\u00a0teeth\u00a0that\u00a0typically develop VRFs is an oval cross section of the root, with\u00a0a\u00a0buccolingual\u00a0diameter\u00a0being\u00a0larger\u00a0than\u00a0the\u00a0mesiodistal\u00a0diameter.These teeth include the maxillary and mandibular\u00a0premolars, the mesial roots of the mandibular molars, and the\u00a0mandibular incisors. Such anatomy is\u00a0easily\u00a0observed\u00a0in\u00a0the\u00a0axial\u00a0plane\u00a0of\u00a0a\u00a0CBCT\u00a0scan.The fracture in these teeth typically starts in\u00a0the buccolingual plane, specifically at the highest convexity of\u00a0the\u00a0oval\u00a0roots.\nCohen's Pathways of the\u00a0pulp ed 11 pg 809","cop":2,"opa":"Round","opb":"Oval","opc":"Kidney shape","opd":"Elliptical","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"7bfc7fbd-3b3d-42a0-b444-5ed198020986","choice_type":"single"}692{"question":"In which of the following conditions oral screen should\nnot be used:","exp":"Oral screen was first introduced by NEWELL. It works on the principles of both force application and force elimination.","cop":3,"opa":"Nail biting habit","opb":"Tongue thrusting","opc":"Acute infection of tonsils and adenoids","opd":"Thumb sucking","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"fb4ea4bd-0f5f-40fa-b377-d0ae72b374a1","choice_type":"single"}693{"question":"A patient who is on a regimen of steroid therapy and has need for extraction of chronically infected teeth requires premedication with","exp":null,"cop":4,"opa":"Atropine to reduce the hazard of vagal stimulation and cardiac arrest.","opb":"Antihypertensive to combat tendency towards shock","opc":"Antihistaminics to prevent allergic reaction","opd":"Antibiotics","subject_name":"Surgery","topic_name":null,"id":"e55a3e73-a1dc-4355-90f1-34d9f717a6ee","choice_type":"multi"}694{"question":"A 6\u2013month old boy weighing 3.2 kg presents with recurrent vomiting and polyuria. Investigations show blood area 60 mg\/dl creatinine 0.7 mg\/dL, calcium 12.8 mg\/dL, phosphate 3 mg\/dL, pH 7.45, bicarbonate 25 mEq\/L and PTH 140 pg ml (normal <60 pg\/ml). Daily urinary calcium excretion is reduced. Ultrasound abdomen show bilateral nephrocalcinosis. The most likely diagnosis is \u2013","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"Bartter syndrome","opb":"Mutation of the calcium sensing receptor","opc":"Ps eudo\u2013ps eudohypoparathyroidism","opd":"Parathyroid adenoma","subject_name":"Pediatrics","topic_name":null,"id":"d3b541c9-d300-4ced-9a2c-c64eaa672ff0","choice_type":"single"}695{"question":"Type of mouth breathing can be:","exp":null,"cop":4,"opa":"Obstructive.","opb":"Anatomic.","opc":"Habitual.","opd":"All of the above.","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"abacb436-6502-43f9-898a-0c41ef550423","choice_type":"multi"}696{"question":"The order of caries susceptibility of primary teeth is:","exp":"Caries\u00a0susceptibility of primary teeth (in descending order)\n2nd\u00a0molar > 1st molar > canine > lateral incisor > central incisor\nCaries susceptibility of permanent teeth (in descending order)\n1st molar > 2nd molar > Max. 2nd PM > Max. 1st PM & Mand. 2nd PM > Max. central & lateral incisor > Max. canine & Mand. 1st PM > Mand. Central & lateral incisor > Mand. canine\nSurfaces involved in descending order (in primary teeth)\n\u00a0Occlusal > molar interproximal > incisor interproximal. (Proximal surfaces were affected more in first than in second primary molars).","cop":1,"opa":"2nd molar>1st molar>canine","opb":"1st molar>2st molar>canine","opc":"Canine>1st molar>2nd molar","opd":"Canine>2nd molar>1st molar","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"586daa2f-3bc5-4a48-8da5-21374ee1bf07","choice_type":"single"}697{"question":"26 year old, 6 feet 4 inch male presented to the emergency depament with complaints of acute onset dysnea. On examination, he was tachypneic, other vitals were stable. A chest xray was done which shown the following pathology:","exp":"- The given image shows * Absent of Bronchovascular markings on the left lung compared to right lung * Left lung shifted or pushed toward the hilum- Hence, the given image is a case of Pneumothorax- If patient has pneumothorax with mediastinal shift, it is Tension pneumothorax and should be immediately managed with needle inseion in 5th ICS in mid-axillary line.","cop":1,"opa":"Pneumothorax","opb":"Hydropnemo thorax","opc":"Massive pleural effusion","opd":"Pulmonary embolism","subject_name":"Radiology","topic_name":"AIIMS 2017","id":"0f2b4bd8-8032-44cf-bf8e-ff24900ded1e","choice_type":"single"}698{"question":"Acetyl choline release can be increased from presynaptic membrane by:","exp":"Blocking voltage gated K+ channels on presynaptic membrane | K+ exit stops | Membrane does not get hyperpolarized |Continued Ach release When an AP depolarizes the presynaptic membrane=Ca++ channel open=allow release of neurotransmitter=from terminal=into synaptic cleft=forming bridge for the vesicles and release sites of a depolarized membrane. Blocking voltage gated Na++ channels will block the AP propagation Chloride channels are present=on the post synaptic membrane.","cop":3,"opa":"Blocking voltage gated Na+ channels on presynaptic membrane","opb":"Blocking voltage gated Ca+ channels on presynaptic membrane","opc":"Blocking voltage gated K+ channels on presynaptic membrane","opd":"Blocking voltage gated CI- channels on presynaptic membrane","subject_name":"Physiology","topic_name":"AIIMS 2019","id":"fec4f95e-7c1c-4e3e-9245-18cc14fe84e9","choice_type":"single"}699{"question":"In a JubLeitter arca pith crude bih rate of 211, what would be the expected number of ANC registrations?","exp":"Ans. a. 60In a subcenter area with crude bih rate of 20, the expected number of ANC registrations should be approximately 55.Number of Expected Pregnancies per Year Expected no. of live-bihs (Y)\/year= Bih rate (per 1000 population) x Population of the area\/1000 Number of Expected Pregnancies per YearAs some pregnancies may not result in a live bih (i.e., aboions & stillbih may occur), the expected number of live bihs would be an under-estimation of the total number of pregnancies. Hence, a correction factor of 10% is required, i.e., add 10% to the figure obtained above.Total number of Expected Pregnancies Z = Y + 10% of YPopulation under the subcentre = 5000Bih rate = 20Expected no. of live-bihs (Y)\/year = 20 x 5000\/1000 = 100Total number of Expected Pregnancies Z = Y + 10% of Y =100 + 10% of 100 = 110Expected number of ANC registrations will be half of yearly calculation = 55","cop":1,"opa":"60","opb":"80","opc":"100","opd":"120","subject_name":"Social & Preventive Medicine","topic_name":null,"id":"1badc5bb-d61a-48ea-9288-3754612f74a5","choice_type":"single"}700{"question":"A woman comes with obstructed labour and is grossly dehydrated. Investigations reveal fetal demise. What will be the management ?","exp":null,"cop":3,"opa":"Craniotomy","opb":"Decapitation","opc":"Cesarean section","opd":"Forceps extraction","subject_name":"Gynaecology & Obstetrics","topic_name":null,"id":"6ef5b644-f5aa-47bc-ab51-2a580580d453","choice_type":"single"}701{"question":"When a patient is asked to say 'ah' , if the uvula is drawn upwards to the left, the cranial nerve likely to be damaged is","exp":"{All the muscles of soft palate are supplied by pharyngeal plexus derived from the cranial part of accessory nerve except tensor veli palatine which is supplied by the mandibular nerve. The action of musculus uvula is it pulls up the uvula. As the Right accessory is paralysed the uvula is drawn to the left side due to the normal action of left accessory.}","cop":2,"opa":"Vagus","opb":"Rt accessory","opc":"Lt accessory","opd":"Hypoglossal","subject_name":"Anatomy","topic_name":null,"id":"b5135682-e700-4fda-a6b2-39b289c3cc41","choice_type":"single"}702{"question":"Which of the following event has little or no significance?","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Mandibular incisor erupting before mandibular molar","opb":"Mandibular canine erupting before mandibular premolar","opc":"Mandibular 2nd premolar erupting before mandibular 2nd molar","opd":"Maxillary premolar and canine erupting before maxillary 2nd molar","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"17ac8fd0-4e2e-41f5-8a01-93d34668a77e","choice_type":"single"}703{"question":"On rubber dam application gingiva is seen protruding out of margins, it can be seen due to?","exp":null,"cop":4,"opa":"Edematous gingival tissues","opb":"Holes paced too far apart","opc":"Using a light-weight dam","opd":"Holes placed too close together","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"5f65e5aa-a984-49bd-aad6-0292fa0e07d8","choice_type":"single"}704{"question":"Which of these statements depicts vasomotor reversal of Dale?","exp":"Ans: C. Decrease in hea rate on adrenaline administration after phentolamine has been given (Ref: KDT 7\/e e p131, 140).This was first demonstrated by Sir HH Dale (1913) and is called vasomotor reversal of Dale.Blockade of vasoconstrictor alpha-1 (also alpha-2) receptors reduces peripheral resistance and causes pooling of blood in capacitance vessels a venous return and cardiac output are reduced a Fall in BP.Postural reflex is interfered with a marked hypotension occurs on standing a dizziness and syncope. Hypovolemia accentuates the hypotension.Decrease in hea rate on adrenaline administration after phentolamine has been given depicts vasomotor reversal of Dale.The alpha-blocker abolishes the pressor action of adrenaline (injected IV in animals), which then produces only fall in BP due to beta-2 mediated vasodilatation.","cop":3,"opa":"Propranolol followed by adrenaline","opb":"Propranolol followed by noradrenaline","opc":"Decrease in hea rate on adrenaline administration after phentolamine has been given","opd":"Noradrenaline followed by propranolol","subject_name":"Pharmacology","topic_name":null,"id":"fbaace6c-2dbd-458f-a1b6-8e831e7811fa","choice_type":"multi"}705{"question":"Which of the following best describes the resistance form in endodontic root canal preparation?","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"The establishment of apical tug back resistance to prevent the apical root fracture during obturation","opb":"The cavity form which is obtained for application of condenser in vertical compaction","opc":"The cavity form which is designed for application of condenser in lateral compaction","opd":"Cavity form which is designed to obtain for entry of condenser during obturation","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"dc8f8f08-ca45-4ad5-ad3f-278eb9e2bd49","choice_type":"single"}706{"question":"Which of the following statements about high copper silver alloy compared to conventional alloy is not true?","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"It has increased tensile and compressive strength","opb":"It has poor tarnish and corrosion resistance","opc":"Its' edge strength is greater","opd":"Mercury content in the final restoration is less","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"63f0f575-0417-4352-94c2-2a8055fe3739","choice_type":"multi"}707{"question":"Nimodipine is approved for use in:","exp":"Ans: D. Subarachnoid hemorrhage(Ref: Harrison 19\/e p1787, 1735; Ratting 13\/e p202, 12\/e p204).Nimodipine is approved for use in subarachnoid hemorrhage.Subarachnoid hemorrhage:Typically treated with the calcium channel blocker nimodipine, aggressive IV fluid administration, and therapy aimed at increasing blood pressure, typically with vasoactive drugs such as phenylephrine.The IV fluids and vasoactive drugs (hypeensive hypervolemic therapy) are used to overcome the cerebral vasospasm.Early surgical clipping or endovascular coiling of aneurysms is advocated to prevent complications related to re-bleeding.Hydrocephalus, typically heralded by a decreased level of consciousness, may require ventriculostomy drain.","cop":4,"opa":"Subdural hemorrhage","opb":"Extradural hemorrhage","opc":"Intracerebral hemorrhage","opd":"Subarachnoid hemorrhage","subject_name":"Surgery","topic_name":null,"id":"a1726527-12af-47e3-82f1-b1ea871d2659","choice_type":"single"}708{"question":"The first instrument used on the facial surfaces of gingiva while gingivectomy is:","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"Orban's knife","opb":"Kirkland's knife","opc":"BP blade with No. 11 blade","opd":"BP blade with No. 12 blade","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"eae21df0-06e3-49cb-a1f0-1ac41966e11a","choice_type":"single"}709{"question":"Internal occlusal rest provided in partial denture does not provide:","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"Horizontal stabilization","opb":"Retention","opc":"Vertical stop","opd":"Occlusal support","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"f22298ec-ab82-48ba-b238-b99bc3ea35d3","choice_type":"single"}710{"question":"Hyperkalemia in children may occur in all except \u2013","exp":"Hyperkalemia\nHyperkalemia\u00a0defined as serum K+\u00a0concentration > 5.5 meq\/L.","cop":4,"opa":"Insulin deficiency","opb":"Metabolic acidosis","opc":"Acute renal failure","opd":"Cushing's syndrome","subject_name":"Pediatrics","topic_name":null,"id":"105d2b03-08bf-44da-8372-2ddd2dc43326","choice_type":"multi"}711{"question":"The feature that distinguishes herpes zoster from other \nvesiculo butlous eruptions is","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Unilateral occurrence","opb":"Severe burning pain","opc":"Prominent crusting vesicles","opd":"Sub epidermal bulious formation","subject_name":"Pathology","topic_name":null,"id":"1a217f0a-2e93-40b4-b07c-79904e521375","choice_type":"single"}712{"question":"Which of the following is not a technique for protein precipitation?","exp":"Ans: D. Titration with reducing sugar(Ref Harper 30\/e p26)Titration with reducing sugar is not used for protein precipitation.Protein precipitation:Widely used to concentrate proteins & purify them from various contaminants.Used for isolating specific protein in quantities sufficient for analysis.Requires multiple successive purification techniques.Classic approaches:Based on,Isoelectric precipitation - Differences in relative solubility of individual proteins as pH function.Precipitation with ethanol or acetone - Polarity.Salting out with ammonium sulfate.Paper chromatography including TLCD.","cop":4,"opa":"Trichloroacetic acid","opb":"Heat precipitation","opc":"Isoelectric point method","opd":"Titration with reducing sugar","subject_name":"Biochemistry","topic_name":null,"id":"8b3e79da-c35a-4d0c-8bb1-ba5bb9f20949","choice_type":"single"}713{"question":"Resistance to corrosion in a cobalt-chrome casting is due to presence of:","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"High quality iron","opb":"Chrome","opc":"Cobalt","opd":"Nickel","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"a78209a5-9800-45d5-9cab-4838388d53e7","choice_type":"single"}714{"question":"A 60-year-old chronic smoker presented with progres-sive jaundice, pruritus and clay colored stools for 2 months. History of waxing and waning of jaundice was present. A CT scan revealed dilated main pancre-atic duct and common bile duct. What is the likely di-agnosis?","exp":"Ans: B. Periampullary carcinoma(Ref Sabiston 201e p1544, 19\/e p1535-1544; Schwaz 10\/e p1408, 9\/e p1220-1225 Bailey 27\/e p1234, 26\/e p1138, Blumga 5\/e p919-925; Shackelford 7\/e p1190-1196)Suggestive diagnosis is periampullary carcinoma.Since history of waxing and waning episode is seen.The waxing and waning nature of jaundice is due to sloughing of ampullaty cancer, resulting in transient resolution of the jaundice.","cop":2,"opa":"Carcinoma head of pancreas","opb":"Periampullary carcinoma","opc":"Chronic pancreatitis","opd":"H lar cholangiocarcinoma","subject_name":"Surgery","topic_name":null,"id":"20c4de15-f187-4a56-941f-0aa7bc2702ba","choice_type":"single"}715{"question":"Patellar cluck syndrome is interposition of soft tissue at or hyperophied scar:","exp":"Ans: B. Superior pole of patella and impinging on femoral component during extension Patellar Clunk Syndrome is a painful condition associated with a mechanical catching or clunking during active extension following total knee ahroplasty (TKA).The syndrome is caused by growth of interposing soft tissue usually at the superior pole of the patella.This interposed soft tissue cannot be visualized on plain radiographs.","cop":2,"opa":"Superior pole of patella and impinging on femoral component during flexion","opb":"Superior pole of patella and impinging on femoral component during extension","opc":"Inferior pole of patella and impinging on femoral component during flexion","opd":"Inferior pole of patella and impinging on femoral component during extension","subject_name":"Surgery","topic_name":null,"id":"dcf755f4-a047-4777-b656-544752fb83d7","choice_type":"single"}716{"question":"For statistical test output of p value is interpreted as","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Rejective Ho, p <0.05","opb":"Rejective Ho, p>0.05","opc":"Rejective H1, p<0.05","opd":"Accepting Ho, p<0.05","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"fb834019-2bb9-4944-a0a0-0121cc6156fb","choice_type":"single"}717{"question":"What is the most frequently used restorative material?","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"Silicate","opb":"Amalgam","opc":"Composite","opd":"Gold","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"7254944a-e40f-40ee-931d-8769dd163301","choice_type":"single"}718{"question":"Magnesium is needed for the activity of which enzyme?","exp":null,"cop":4,"opa":"Phosphatase","opb":"Aldolase","opc":"Dismutase","opd":"ATPase","subject_name":"Biochemistry","topic_name":null,"id":"afa06daa-f47f-4e6a-92b4-c8da542e9aff","choice_type":"single"}719{"question":"Anterior 2\/3rd of tongue is supplied by","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Facial nerve","opb":"X nerve","opc":"IX nerve","opd":"XI nerve","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"4bb5fc70-f901-4508-bc36-39e1f0b6898f","choice_type":"single"}720{"question":"What percentage of cases of mandibular incisors have single apical foramen","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"97.80%","opb":"82.50%","opc":"60%","opd":"60%- 78%","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"b5177811-b859-4340-9094-b587f8b10f7b","choice_type":"single"}721{"question":"Condensation shrinkage of porcelain during firing depends on:","exp":"Firing shrinkage occurs due to loss of water and densification through sintering. It is about 40% by volume. This can be reduced by proper condensation and firing technique. The higher the firing temperature the greater is the firing shrinkage.","cop":3,"opa":"Rate of arriving at firing temperature.","opb":"Uniformity of particle size.","opc":"Shape and size of particle.","opd":"Type of investment used","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"e4e65063-c1b6-43c7-9dbc-f18bffde95aa","choice_type":"single"}722{"question":"The prevalence of disease in a population is expected to be 50%. An investigator is interested in the range of 45 to 55% with 95% confidence. The minimum sample size required for the study is:","exp":"Answer- D (400)In this question, use Standard Error of propoions.The 95% confidence limits for a propoion are p +- 1.96 s.e.p, where s.e.p is the standard error of a propoion.p = sample propoion = propoion of diseased persons = 0.5 q = 1-p = 0.5 s.e.p .NI(p x q \/ n) Now here, the range of propoions with 95% confidence is mentioned as? 45-55%Hence, 2 s.e.p = 0.55-0.50 = 0.05 s.e.p = 0.0250.025= J(pxq\/n)n = 400Thus, the sample size required will be 400.","cop":4,"opa":"100","opb":"200","opc":"300","opd":"400","subject_name":"Social & Preventive Medicine","topic_name":null,"id":"fc83df2a-e58c-4bb9-b4e8-d20541d3f9c4","choice_type":"single"}723{"question":"Inferior alveolar nerve runs:","exp":null,"cop":3,"opa":"Medial to lateral pterygoid","opb":"From Infratemporal fossa","opc":"Lateral to medial pterygoid","opd":"Lateral to lateral pterygoid","subject_name":"Anatomy","topic_name":null,"id":"f979bdd9-437e-4469-9f00-ee6177716204","choice_type":"single"}724{"question":"A 12-years-old boy presents with a symmetric, expansile cystic lesion in the proximal humerus. All of the following can be done for his treatment except","exp":"Ans. BSolitary bone cyst is the diagnosis of a 12 years old boy, who presents with a symmetric, expansile cystic lesion in the proximal humerus.Solitary Bone Cyst:Common in first two decades, primarily between 5-15 yearsMore common in malesMC site: Proximal humerus (50-60%) >Femur (25-30%)Cyst appears as centrally radioluscent lesions, on the metaphyseal side of the growth plate of a long boneTreatment:CurettageMethylprednisolone acetate injection into lesionRadiographic contrast injection into lesionIntralesional injection of sclerosing agentsSolitary Bone Cyst (Unicameral Bone Cyst)Common in first two decades, primarily between 5-15 yearsQMore common in malesQMC site: Proximal humerusQ (50-60%) >Femur (25-30%)It is not a true cystdeg because not lined by endothelial cells but lined by fibrous tissue and blood vesselsClinical Features:Asymptomaticdeg unless presents as a fractureRadiological Investigations:Cyst appears as centrally radioluscent lesionsQ, on the metaphyseal side of the growth plate of a long boneCoex is thinned but intactQFallen fragment sign\" may present indication that the lesion is fluid filled rather than solidQOther tests are usually not required except in unusual locations such as pelvis. In such locations MRI or CT is indicatedMRI can document extent of the lesion and its cystic natureQMRI helps in distinguishing unicameral cyst (SBC) from aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC), giant celltumor (GCT) and fibrous dysplasiaQTreatment:CurettageQMethylprednisolone acetateQ injection into lesionRadiographic contrast injectionQ into lesionIntralesional injection of sclerosing agentsQ","cop":2,"opa":"Curettage","opb":"Intralesional steroids","opc":"Intralesional sclerosing agents","opd":"Radiotherapy","subject_name":"Surgery","topic_name":null,"id":"fddbb54c-e463-437d-8bd6-f48e23002637","choice_type":"multi"}725{"question":"Iron is taken up into enterocytes through which of the following?","exp":"Ans: B. DMT-1Iron is brought into the cell through an active transpo processProtein DMT-1 (Divalent Metal Transpoer-1),Expressed on the apical surface of enterocytes in initial pa of duodenum.DMT-1 is not specific to iron & transpos other substances like zinc, copper, cobalt & manganese.","cop":2,"opa":"DMT-2","opb":"DMT-1","opc":"Ferroprotein 1","opd":"GLUT1","subject_name":"Pathology","topic_name":null,"id":"4873ac63-79fe-4fdb-a63b-1c4064b80d15","choice_type":"single"}726{"question":"Which is not associated with GDM (Gestational DM)?","exp":"Answer- C. HypeensionA previous diagnosis of gestational diabetes or prediabetes, impaired glucose tolerance, or impaired fasting glycaemia.Being overweight, obeseA previous pregnancy which resulted in a child with a macrosomia.","cop":3,"opa":"Past history of fetal abnormality","opb":"Obesity","opc":"Hypeension","opd":"Macrosomia","subject_name":"Surgery","topic_name":null,"id":"14a9e3be-384f-4b56-99c5-dfd851243951","choice_type":"single"}727{"question":"A person on fat free carbohydrate rich diet continues to grow obese. Which of the following lipoproteins is likely to be elevated in his blood?","exp":"As VLDL is the main transporter of endogenous triglycerides; all the conditions causing increased endogenous triglyceride synthesis will also increase VLDL secretion. And these are:-\n\nWell fed state (not starved).\nHigh level of circulating free fatty acids.\nCarbohydrate rich diet (especially sucrose and fructose)\nPresent of high level of insulin and low level of glycogen.\nEthanol (alcohol) ingestion.\n\nKey Concept:","cop":2,"opa":"Chylomicron","opb":"VLDL","opc":"HDL","opd":"LDL","subject_name":"Biochemistry","topic_name":null,"id":"0cd0e1c4-aabe-4ac3-ae2b-83b0633cb376","choice_type":"single"}728{"question":"Which of the following is the least useful for diagnosis of Spondylolisthesis?","exp":"Ans. c. X-ray lumbar spine- AP view (Ref Tureks 6\/e p503; Maheshwarl 3e\/p 237; Wolfgang 7\/e p 228-29, 206; Sutton 7\/e p\/66'Although for imaging of spondylolisthesis usually all are done, AP view appears to be least useful of these choices. On AP view, spondylolisthesis can show a sign called Napolean Hat sign. The lateral view is useful in detecting spondylolisthesis; it may demonstrate the pars defect.Spondylolisthesis is forward slip of one veebrae upon another; so it is best viewed (or seen earliest) in sagittal images of spine i.e. lateral and oblique X-ray of spine and saggital and axial views of CT and MRIQ","cop":3,"opa":"CT","opb":"MR","opc":"X-ray lumbar spine- AP view","opd":"X-ray lumbar spine- Lateral view","subject_name":"Radiology","topic_name":null,"id":"07549da1-d7ff-4fc2-85a0-a27023bbb810","choice_type":"single"}729{"question":"Which of the following is false about Transfusion-Related Acute Lung Injury?","exp":"Ans: A. Develops within 24 hours(Ref Harrison 19\/e 138e-5, 18\/e p1217)Transfusion-Related Acute Lung Injury (TRALI):MC cause of transfusion related fatalities.Cause:Usually results from transfusion of donor plasma.Risk factors:Smoking.Chronic alcohol useShockLiver surgery (transplantation).Symptoms development:During or within 6 hrs of transfusion.Develops symptoms of hypoxia (PaO2\/FIO2 <300 mmHg).Non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema signs including bilateral interstitial infiltrates on chest X-ray.","cop":1,"opa":"Develops within 24 hours","opb":"Mostly seen after sepsis and cardiac surgeries","opc":"It's a cause of non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema","opd":"Plasma is more likely to cause it than whole blood","subject_name":"Medicine","topic_name":null,"id":"b7dd1d97-3338-4b13-98f3-1b6c61c805b2","choice_type":"multi"}730{"question":"All of the following bones are involves in wrist joint formation EXCEPT?","exp":"Wrist joint aka radiocarpal joint is a synol, ellipsoid joint formed by: - Ulna: - Forms inferior radioulnar joint Function: pronation & supination Separated from wrist joint by an aicular disc. Wrist joint formed by: - Upper: Inferior surface of lower end of radius Aicular disc of the inferior radioulnar joint Lower: Scaphoid Lunate Triquetral (ulnar detion)","cop":2,"opa":"Scaphoid","opb":"Ulna","opc":"Radius","opd":"Triquetral","subject_name":"Anatomy","topic_name":"AIIMS 2018","id":"48306148-c874-49d5-b66e-ebf71d01ca92","choice_type":"multi"}731{"question":"The non-invasive method to measure the blood flow is:","exp":null,"cop":4,"opa":"Electric pulp test","opb":"Percussion","opc":"Radiograph","opd":"Laser Doppler flowmetry","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"862bcd0f-8fb5-4ff7-b242-5898ea4f0c69","choice_type":"single"}732{"question":"All are true about Doctrine ofborrowed servant except?","exp":"Ans: C. Doctor assisting a surgeon for fee in OTBorrowed servant doctrine:The common law principle that the employer of a borrowed employee' rather than the emp|oyee's regular employer is liable for employees actions that occur while the emptoyee is under the control of the temporary employer.Sometimes referred to as borrowed employee doctrine.","cop":3,"opa":"Hospital administration is responsible for the actions of interns and trainees","opb":"A nurse assisting a surgery is a borrowed servant ofthe hospital","opc":"Doctor assisting a surgeon for fee in OT","opd":"Physician is responsible for the acts ofthe orderlies and nursing staff done by his orders","subject_name":"Forensic Medicine","topic_name":null,"id":"5b062fde-455e-4ab5-aa3b-a661c3643f42","choice_type":"multi"}733{"question":"Which antibiotic is effective against pseudomonas and indole +ve proteus?","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"Methicillin","opb":"Carbenicillin","opc":"Lincomycin","opd":"Oxacillin","subject_name":"Pharmacology","topic_name":null,"id":"e1463062-cae7-4994-8ab7-8ccaf975cdc6","choice_type":"single"}734{"question":"Which of the following analysis helps in determining the disproportion in the size between maxillary and mandibular teeth?","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"Pont's analysis","opb":"Bolton's analysis","opc":"Peck and Peck analysis","opd":"Carey's analysis","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"3b34bdec-e2d7-49d8-9b10-ec35a323b491","choice_type":"single"}735{"question":"Trismus is due to inflammation of:","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Medial pterygoid","opb":"Facial nerve irritation","opc":"Superior constrictor","opd":"Buccinator","subject_name":"Surgery","topic_name":null,"id":"aa4176f5-8b14-4c05-ae4d-48e6094afbb2","choice_type":"single"}736{"question":"All of the following are disadvantages of composite restoration except:","exp":null,"cop":4,"opa":"Greater localized occlusal wear","opb":"Recurrent secondary caries","opc":"Technique sensitive","opd":"More time in replacement","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"63be6ad9-c40b-4731-8733-9bbe611387d2","choice_type":"multi"}737{"question":"Which of the following is common to both zinc oxide eugenol cement and polycarboxylate cement?","exp":"Glass ionomers bond to tooth structure by chelation of the carboxyl groups of the polyacrylic acids with the calcium in\u00a0the apatite of the enamel and dentin, in a manner similar to polycarboxylate cement.\nThe setting reaction of ZOE starts with water in the eugenol solution that hydrolyzes the zinc oxide to form zinc hydroxide. The zinc hydroxide and eugenol chelate and solidify.\nRef: Phillips Ed-12th P: 331","cop":3,"opa":"Polyacrylic acid is liquid","opb":"Chemical bond to tooth structure","opc":"Chelation","opd":"Substitution of eugenol by EBA to increase strength of cement","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"031bf440-dc4a-4278-8ab5-1237ab831337","choice_type":"multi"}738{"question":"A 5 year-old child presents with non-utatiening macules and pappules on the skin. Skin biopsy revealed a perivascular IgA deposition. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?","exp":"Ans. a. Henoch-Shonlein purpura (Ref Harrison 19\/e p2100, 18\/e p2797)Presence of non-blanching palpable purpura (vasculitis of skin) and colicky abdominal pain (vasculitis of gastrointestinal tract) in a five-year-old child together with evidence of IgA deposition in immune complexes suggests the diagnosis of Henoch Scholein Purpura","cop":1,"opa":"Henoch Shonlein purpura","opb":"Wegener's granulomatosis","opc":"Kawasaki disease","opd":"Drug-induced vasculitis","subject_name":"Pediatrics","topic_name":null,"id":"87c9ed45-4f13-4ec7-9af1-571dc39c84a9","choice_type":"single"}739{"question":"Which of the following statements about cystic fibrosis (CF) is not true \u2013","exp":"Cystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive disorder of ion transport in epithelial cells that affect fluid secretion in exocrine glands and the epithelial lining of the respiratory, gastrointestinal and reproductive tracts.\nCystic fibrosis occurs due to mutation in the CFTR gene.\nCFTR was initially recognized as chloride conductance channel but it is now recognized that CFTR can regulate multiple ion channels and cellular processes. These include :\nChloride channels\n\n\nPotassium channels\nGap junction channels\nBicarbonate ions","cop":2,"opa":"Autosomal recessive disorder","opb":"Abnormality in CFTR which leads to defective calcium transport","opc":"Mutation in cystic fibrosis transport regulator","opd":"All of the above","subject_name":"Pediatrics","topic_name":null,"id":"ca5cb321-54b4-4b5f-a507-0493c19af96f","choice_type":"multi"}740{"question":"Treatment of choice in childhood thyrotoxicosis :","exp":"Most pediatric endocrinologists recommend initial medical therapy using antithyroid drugs rather than radioiodine or subtotal thyroidectomy.\nThe 2 antithyroid drugs in widest use are methimazole and propylthiouracil.","cop":3,"opa":"Radio Iodine","opb":"Lugols Iodine","opc":"Carbimazole","opd":"Surgery","subject_name":"Pediatrics","topic_name":null,"id":"16b0d12a-6521-4f27-a70f-2726a7a3f6a3","choice_type":"single"}741{"question":"A child with 10 days abdominal pain presented to OPD. Stool microscopy was done which showed the given findings. What is the DOC for the disease caused by the given organism?","exp":"In the given picture the egg contains polar filaments and hooklets and the egg is non bile stained so this is the egg of H.nanan D.O.C- praziquintal","cop":3,"opa":"Albendazole","opb":"Mebandazole","opc":"Praziquintal","opd":"Pyrantelpamoate","subject_name":"Microbiology","topic_name":"AIIMS 2018","id":"423b742c-8580-47ff-a3db-eafd9de39d41","choice_type":"single"}742{"question":"The skin of a patient undergoing radiotherapy will show\nafter 2 weeks?","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Erythema","opb":"Depigmentation","opc":"Radiation induced carcinomas","opd":"No change","subject_name":"Radiology","topic_name":null,"id":"74a4b01c-7f65-4cdf-a9c8-5b0d6989171e","choice_type":"single"}743{"question":"Which of the following histories is not an indication to perform oral glucose tolerance test to diagnose gestational diabetes mellitus?","exp":"Indications for performing GCT: All those conditions in which there is risk of having diabetes.\nOn the basis of risk factors females are categorised into 3 category:\nLow risk\nAll of the folowing:\n\nMember of an ethnic group with a low prevalence of GDM\nNo known diabetes in first degree relatives\nAge <25 years\nWeight normal before pregnancy\nWeight of previous baby normal at birth\nNo history of abnormal glucose metabolism\nNo H\/o poor obstetrical outcome\n\nAverage risk\nOne or more of the following:\n\nMember of an ethnic group with a high prevalence of GDM\nDiabetes in a first degree relative\nAge > 25 years\nOverweight before pregnancy\nWeight high at birth (previous baby)\n\nHigh risk\n\nMarked obesity\nStrong family history of type II DM\nPrevious history of GDM impaired glucose metabolism or glucosouria\nUnexplained stillbirth\nH\/o previous congenitally malformed baby","cop":1,"opa":"Previous Eclampsia","opb":"Previous Congenital anomalies in the fetus","opc":"Previous Unexplained fetal loss","opd":"Polyhydramnios","subject_name":"Gynaecology & Obstetrics","topic_name":null,"id":"71905d50-bffe-468f-ada2-77d845d55daf","choice_type":"single"}744{"question":"For intrusive luxation injuries, \ufb01xation period is about:","exp":"Intrusion\n\nMost severe form of luxation injuries.\nDisplacement is seen.\nTOP is positive.\nMobility is not seen.\u00a0\nHigh\u00a0pitched metallic sound on percussion is heard.\u00a0\nSplinting should be done for 4 weeks.","cop":2,"opa":"2 weeks only","opb":"4 weeks","opc":"4 weeks with semi rigid and 2 week with rigid","opd":"6 to 8 weeks","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"d78f3997-44bd-4b80-acd5-ac1b36c33cf2","choice_type":"single"}745{"question":"Interruption of the optic chiasm will lead to:","exp":"Answer- A. Bitemporal hemianopiaInterruption of the optic chiasma will lead to bitemporal homonymous hemianopia because optic chiasma contains crossed over meclial fibers from both optic nerves, which are responsible for temporal Jield of vision.\"Hemianopia denotes loss of half of the field of vision. The commonest clinical form is homonymous hemianopia, in which the right or left half of the binocular field of vision is lost, owing to loss of the temporal half of one field and lhe nasal half of the other. This condition is due to a lesion situated in any pa of the visual paths from the chiasma to the occipital lobe.","cop":1,"opa":"Bitemporal hemianopia","opb":"Binasal hemianopia","opc":"Homonymous hemianopia","opd":"Normal vision","subject_name":"Ophthalmology","topic_name":null,"id":"d12e4d46-e1d9-4320-860c-184a735d9027","choice_type":"single"}746{"question":"The function of posterior palatal seal is:","exp":null,"cop":3,"opa":"To aid in balanced occlusion","opb":"To aid in insertion and removal of complete denture","opc":"To ensure a complete seal thus helping in retention of a denture","opd":"Retention of mandibular denture by sealing its posterior margin.","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"0d562f06-f38e-4bf3-b1db-f06f0545de1b","choice_type":"single"}747{"question":"All of the following are true about property of polymethyl methacrylate except:","exp":"It is a hard resin with a Knoop hardness number of la to 20 KHN.\nIt has a tensile strength approximately 60 MPa a density of 1.19 g\/ cm3, and a modulus of elasticity of approximately 2.4 GPa.\nIt is chemically stable to heat below 125\u00b0C (About 260\u00b0F), softens at 125\u00b0C, and can be molded as a thermoplastic material.","cop":4,"opa":"KHN 18-20","opb":"chemical stable if heated till 260 degree F","opc":"Modulous of elasticity is 2.4 Gpa.","opd":"Tensile strength 29Mpa.","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"eed5fad1-cadf-4372-b81e-1cbd51b198ac","choice_type":"multi"}748{"question":"A lateral sliding flap done on a tooth with roots denuded for 6 years will show","exp":null,"cop":3,"opa":"PDL fibres attached to cementum","opb":"PDL fibres attached to dentin","opc":"Epithelium adjacent to previously denuded root surface","opd":"Co adaptation to the remaining fibres","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"762c8e46-a58b-4a23-b03d-f5d2055a3fac","choice_type":"single"}749{"question":"A person is criminally not responsible for his actions if at the time of doing it by reason of unsoundness of mind, in incapable of knowing the nature of the act or that he is doing what is either wrong or contrary to the law.","exp":"Mc Naughten rule states that person is criminally not responsible for his actions if he is unsound by mind and incapable of knowing the nature of the act. Curren's rule states the person do not have any capacity to regulate the conduct to the requirements of the law as a result of mental disease. Durham's rule is person's unlawful act is the product of mental disease or mental defect. Irresistsble impulse test states that even if the person knows that the nature and quality of the act and he Is wrong because the free agency of his will has been destroyed by mental disease.","cop":1,"opa":"McNaughten rule","opb":"Curren's rule","opc":"Durham's rule","opd":"Irresistible impulse test","subject_name":"Forensic Medicine","topic_name":"AIIMS 2017","id":"15f7993b-1b86-400a-83c1-a91417ab640c","choice_type":"multi"}750{"question":"Core built up on a molar tooth should preferably be done with a chemically cured composite as:","exp":null,"cop":4,"opa":"Light cure resin lacks sufficient strength for a core","opb":"Core made with a light cure resin would be too opaque and esthetically unacceptable","opc":"core made with a light cure resin would be too brittle and would fracture easily","opd":"Its lower viscosity allows free flow of resin also around pins and post","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"a8e272d3-7afc-4864-a7ca-84e2d6fa0569","choice_type":"multi"}751{"question":"In dislocation of the jaw, displacement of the\narticular disc beyond the articular tubercle of the temporomandibular joint results from spasm or excessive contraction of the following muscle?","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"Buccinator","opb":"Lateral pterygoid","opc":"Masseter","opd":"Temporalis","subject_name":"Surgery","topic_name":null,"id":"d5000ccc-0147-494e-a835-4104cf75bfb9","choice_type":"single"}752{"question":"40-year male patient who was a known smoker presents in AIIMS OPD with fever, latigue, jaundice, yellow colored urine with clay colored stools. For the past few days he had developed aversion to cigarette smoking. On examination scleral icterus was present. LFT are:Total Bill18.5Direct Bill7.5SGOT723SGPT812What investigations will you send for ruling out acute viral hepatitis?","exp":"Ans: B. AntiHAV, HBsAg, IgM antiHBc, AntiHCVRef: Harrison, I8't' ed., pg. 328, 2549-2552, 2550t, 2551tHB- sAgIgM Anti- HAVIgM Anti- HBcAnti-HCVDiagnostic Interpretation+ + Acute hepatitis B Chronic hepatitis B++ Acute hepatitis A superim? posed on chronic hepatitis B+++ Acute hepatitis A and B--+ Acute hepatitis A--++ Acute hepatitis A and B (HBsAg below detection threshold) + Acute hepatitis B (HBsAg below detection threshold) Acute hepatitis C","cop":2,"opa":"HBsAg, IgM antiHBC, AntiHCV AntiHEV","opb":"AntiHAV, HBsAg, IgM antiHBc, AntiHCV","opc":"HBsAg, IgM antiHBC,AntiHDV AntiHCV AntiHEV","opd":"AntiHAV IgMantiHBC, AntiHCV, AntiHEV.","subject_name":"Medicine","topic_name":null,"id":"8a82f9e4-b38f-43f6-9d8d-4ef8a6a4bcbf","choice_type":"single"}753{"question":"Which of these is not a pa of catatonia?","exp":"Ans: A. Akathisia(Ref Kaplan and Sadock 11\/e p329, 871; Niraj Ahuja 7\/e p59).Akathisia:Not a pa of catatonia.Characterized by a subjective & objective sense of restlessness, anxiety & agitation.Ambitendency:Example of negativism.Considered an ambivalence form.Ambivalence:Sign of Schizophrenia.","cop":1,"opa":"Akathisia","opb":"Ambivalence","opc":"Ambitendency","opd":"Akinesia","subject_name":"Radiology","topic_name":null,"id":"e96fadd5-fac8-4cde-9957-d69ed40b3364","choice_type":"single"}754{"question":"Thirty-eight children consumed eatables procured from a single source at a picnic party. Twenty children developed abdominal cramps followed by vomiting and watery diarrhea 6-10 hours after the party. The most likely etiology for the outbreak is:","exp":null,"cop":4,"opa":"Rotavirus infection","opb":"Enterotoxigenic E.coli infection","opc":"Staphylococcal toxin","opd":"Clostridium perfringens infection","subject_name":"Medicine","topic_name":null,"id":"3737f19a-3e69-4ae5-a378-5e91b942cec4","choice_type":"single"}755{"question":"A young female presented with vaginal itching and green frothy genital discharge. Strawberry vagina is seen on examination. What w ill be the drug of choice?","exp":"Answer- C. MetronidazoleHistory of vaginal itching and green frothy genital discharge in a young female with strawberry vagina on examinstion ishighly suggestive of Trichomoniasis. The drag of choice for Trichomoniasis is metronidazole.Treatment:DOC: Metronidazolea (tinidazole is also effective)All sexual paners must be treated concurently to prevent reinfection","cop":3,"opa":"Doxycycline","opb":"Oral fluconazole","opc":"Metronidazole","opd":"Amoxicillin","subject_name":"Skin","topic_name":null,"id":"c8d2885b-1529-4575-abcd-b8afdfb64512","choice_type":"single"}756{"question":"A patient who has recently received a pair of complete denture complains of difficulty in swallowing. The reason for this is most likely to be:","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Excessive vertical dimension of occlusion with resulting decrease in interacclusal distance","opb":"InteroccLusal distance of more than normal","opc":"Alveolar ridge with bony spicules","opd":"Candida albicans colonizing the mouth causing patient discomfort","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"3624f5cd-a2a5-4f5f-9b7e-ee57ea1b3c4a","choice_type":"multi"}757{"question":"Hardness of stone surface is affected by?","exp":"Colloidal\u00a0systems\u00a0such\u00a0as\u00a0agar\u00a0and\u00a0alginate\u00a0retard the setting of gypsum products. If these materials are\u00a0in contact with CaSO4\u00b7\u00bdH2O during setting, a soft, easily abraded surface is obtained. Accelerators such\u00a0as potassium sulfate are added to improve the surface\u00a0quality\u00a0of\u00a0the\u00a0set\u00a0CaSO4\u00b72H2O\u00a0against\u00a0agar\u00a0or\u00a0alginate.\nThese colloids do not retard the setting by altering the\u00a0solubility ratio of the hemihydrate and dihydrate forms, but rather by being adsorbed on the hemihydrate and dihydrate nucleation sites, thus interfering in the hydration reaction. The adsorption of these materials on the nucleating sites retards the setting reaction more effectively than adsorption on the calcium sulfate hemihydrate.\nCraig\u2019s RESTORATIVE DENTAL MATERIALS E 14th P: 255","cop":3,"opa":"Impression wax","opb":"Impression compound","opc":"Hydrocolloid impression material","opd":"Rubber based material","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"dd835fff-6a22-4d99-8d97-6d3524548997","choice_type":"single"}758{"question":"Cleft in facial region;","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"Non fusion of ectodermal process","opb":"Absence or deficiency of mesodermal mass or other failure to penetrate ectodermal grooves","opc":"Covering of mesoderm on both sides by ectodermal process","opd":"Failure of endodermal structures to fuse in midline","subject_name":"Surgery","topic_name":null,"id":"5695dba4-4624-4960-954f-6e7133491216","choice_type":"multi"}759{"question":"The upper denture falls when the patient opens his\nmouth wide. This is due to:","exp":null,"cop":3,"opa":"Thick labial flange","opb":"Over-extended borders","opc":"Thick disto-buccal flange","opd":"Poor peripheral seal","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"6533b64b-cf1f-434d-98a4-7b9a6a5ded3b","choice_type":"multi"}760{"question":"Overload of denture base is caused by:","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Small bases","opb":"Too large bases","opc":"Small teeth","opd":"Large teeth","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"6dfd83ba-ee44-4396-8451-f4bb486a6476","choice_type":"multi"}761{"question":"If during access opening of a maxillary incisor perforation occurs on labial surface just above CEJ, reason is?","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Inability to assess the lingual inclination of crown to root","opb":"Inability to assess the facial inclination of crown to root","opc":"All of the above","opd":"None of the above","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"165f7116-4e35-42cd-b870-5e66df7d0583","choice_type":"multi"}762{"question":"For periodontal patients, the most frequently recommended tooth brushing technique is:","exp":null,"cop":3,"opa":"Scrub technique","opb":"Roll technique","opc":"Sulcular technique","opd":"Fones technique","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"a67a3de5-fa39-4d47-b9f1-ca2a42aa8d70","choice_type":"single"}763{"question":"Which of the following is true regarding blood transfusion of packed RBC?","exp":"18-19 G needle is used for blood transfusion 170-180 u pore filter is used Packed RBC's are stored at a temperature of 2-6? C. Hence, they should be rewarmed before use. Rewarming should be done within 30 minutes of collecting blood from blood bank Transfusion should be completed within 4 hrs of taking the blood from the blood bank FFP and cryoprecipitate are stored at -18 to -30? C. Transfusion with these factors should be staed ASAP as the factors are labile to heat and completed in 20 minutes","cop":2,"opa":"Should be staed within 4 hours of receiving it from blood bank","opb":"Should be completed within 4 hours of receiving from blood bank","opc":"Wait till the patient is stable then transfuse, irrespective of any timing","opd":"Should be completed within 6 hours of receiving from blood bank","subject_name":"Pathology","topic_name":"AIIMS 2018","id":"1cd85138-84f2-4c99-aede-bfd10b5ec9b9","choice_type":"multi"}764{"question":"Endontically treated posterior teeth are more susceptible to fracture than untreated one because:","exp":null,"cop":3,"opa":"Loss of moisture.","opb":"Hollow canals.","opc":"Loss of coronal structure.","opd":"All of the above.","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"562c151c-3bd4-4b3d-8bb1-118503304818","choice_type":"multi"}765{"question":"The following system of depiction of 32 teeth is in accordance with which system?Permanent TeethUpper RightUpper Left1234567891011121314151632313029282726252423222120191817Lower RightLower Left","exp":"Ans: A. Universal system(Ref: Reddy 341e p96-97, 33\/e p99-100).The given system of depiction of the 32 teeth is in accordance with Universal system.Universal system:Teeth are numbered 1 to 16 from upper right to upper left, and 17 to 32 from lower left to lower right.This follows the plan advocated by American and International Society of Forensic Odontology.","cop":1,"opa":"Universal system","opb":"Palmer's system","opc":"Haderup system","opd":"Diagrammatic depiction","subject_name":"Forensic Medicine","topic_name":null,"id":"34d20a1d-da67-4205-b8c7-981dc313289f","choice_type":"single"}766{"question":"Which of the following has intracellular receptor -","exp":"Answer- D. ThyroxineClassic hormones that use intracellular receptors include thyroid and steroid hormones.","cop":4,"opa":"Glucagon","opb":"Insulin","opc":"Epinephrine","opd":"Thyroxine","subject_name":"Medicine","topic_name":null,"id":"789aa0f7-2666-4950-be7e-42b03b1b1a44","choice_type":"single"}767{"question":"Lidocaine is used more commonly in dentistry because :","exp":null,"cop":3,"opa":"Causes less depression of CNS.","opb":"Causes less cardiovascular collapse.","opc":"Causes lesser incidence of allergic reactions.","opd":"Is 50 times more potent then procaine.","subject_name":"Surgery","topic_name":null,"id":"bf67324d-93dd-41a4-919b-313088e3a495","choice_type":"multi"}768{"question":"Negative rake angle means:","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Rake face is ahead of radial line.","opb":"Rake face coincides with radial line.","opc":"Rake face is behind the radial line.","opd":"None.","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"c27b2629-91ce-4214-820f-486a0f7d8add","choice_type":"multi"}769{"question":"Lateral pedicle flap is used for","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"Increasing the width of attached gingiva","opb":"Recession coverage","opc":"Curettage","opd":"Vestibular deepening","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"ea17383a-7256-484c-8935-802442fbb03e","choice_type":"single"}770{"question":"Anterior division of mandibular nerve has:","exp":"Key Concept:\nAll the branches of anterior division of the mandibular nerve are motor except buccal nerve which is sensory.\nReference: TEXTBOOK OF ANATOMY HEAD, NECK AND Brain, Volume III, second edition page no 140","cop":1,"opa":"One sensory and all motor branches","opb":"One motor and all sensory branches","opc":"All motor branches","opd":"All sensory branches","subject_name":"Anatomy","topic_name":null,"id":"d13f2a21-04e2-4c68-9f60-d02262a7ab55","choice_type":"multi"}771{"question":"Transfusion-associated malaria has a shoer incubation period because of the presence in blood of:","exp":"Ans: A. Trophozoites(Ref: Paniker's 7\/e p77, 6\/e p69; Harrison 19\/e p1374)Transfusion associated malaria has a shoer incubation period because of presence of trophozoites in blood.Malaria can be transmitted by blood transfusion, needle-stick injury, sharing of needles by infected injection drug users, or organ transplantation.The incubation period in these settings is often sho because there is no pre-erythrocytic stage of development.Parasites may remain ble in blood bank for 1-2 weeks.As this condition is induced by direct infection of red cells by the merozoites, pre-erythrocytic schizogony and hypnozoits are absent.Relapse does not occur and incubation period is sho.","cop":1,"opa":"Trophozoites","opb":"Sporozoites","opc":"Female gametocyte","opd":"Merozoites","subject_name":"Microbiology","topic_name":null,"id":"a432db53-67f5-4865-af52-18edf81d1225","choice_type":"single"}772{"question":"A boy presented with a history of fever, headache and vomiting since 3 days and disorientation since I day. On examination, neck rigidity was positive. He also had 1 episode of generalized tonic clonic seizures (GTC) and then he became unconscious. CECT was found to be normal. CSF examination reveals a cell count of 300 cells\/mm3 (polymorphs: 50-70%), protein 70 mg\/dL, sugar 50 mg\/dL (blood: 95 mg\/dL). Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?","exp":"Ans. a. Pyogenic meningitis (ReJ: Harrison l9\/e p887, 891, llll, l8\/e p1029, 1692, 3414)The classic CSF abnormalities in bacterial meningitis are:Elevated opening pressure (> 180 mm H2O in 90%)Polymorphonuclear leakocytosis (>100 cells\/ul in 90%)Decreased glucose concentration (<2.2 mmol\/L or <40 mg\/dl and or CSF\/serum glucose ration <0.4 in 60%)Elevated protein concentration (>45 mg\/dl)","cop":1,"opa":"Pyogenic meningitis","opb":"Tubercular meningitis","opc":"Herpes encephalitis","opd":"Cerebral malaria","subject_name":"Medicine","topic_name":null,"id":"36dd849c-4867-4ca6-8f5e-c8419e4634bb","choice_type":"single"}773{"question":"Tooth most frequently requiring RCT is:","exp":"The most common tooth to be affected is mandibular first molar.\nTeeth most frequently requiring RCT is mandibular first molar.","cop":1,"opa":"Mandibular 1st molar","opb":"Maxillary 1st molar","opc":"Mandibular 2nd premolar","opd":"Maxillary 2nd premolar","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"c740e921-43fe-426e-848b-1d918f8424a7","choice_type":"single"}774{"question":"A study finds no significant association between two variables but truly there exists a difference. What type of error is this?","exp":"Ans: B. Type II error(Ref: High Yield Biostatistics\/p46)Type I ErrorType II ErrorThe null hypothesis is true but rejected (False positive)degProbability of type I error is given by p valuedegSignificance (alpha) level is the maximum tolerable probability of type I errorsdegKeep type I error to be minimum; then results are declared to be statistically significantNull hypothesis is not false but is not rejected\/accepted (false negative)degProbability of type II error is given by betadeg","cop":2,"opa":"Type I error","opb":"Type II error","opc":"Random error","opd":"Systematic error","subject_name":"Social & Preventive Medicine","topic_name":null,"id":"0113aaf1-61d3-4d61-a9c7-b5b46e51e7e8","choice_type":"single"}775{"question":"To prepare a cavity on a mandibular first molar in a child\nwe should give:","exp":null,"cop":3,"opa":"Mental nerve block","opb":"Lingual nerve block","opc":"Inferior alveolar nerve block and long buccal nerve block","opd":"Long buccal nerve block","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"d3298813-ec9f-4fb0-8f6d-be5d39543480","choice_type":"single"}776{"question":"While performing Burch operation there was significant bleeding and pooting of blood in the space of Retzius. The source of bleeding cannot be visualized. What is the next step in the management?","exp":"Ans. C. Lift endopelvic fascia by putting fingers in vaginaBurch colposuspension (retropubic urethropexy) involves the attachment of the fascia at the level of the bladder neck to the iliopectineal ligament (Cooper's ligantent).lt is an abdorninally perfbrmed surgery for stress urinary incontinence .","cop":3,"opa":"Call vascular stlrgeon","opb":"Give a generalized suture in bleeding area","opc":"Lift endopelvic fascia by putting fingers in vagina","opd":"Placing surgical drain","subject_name":"Gynaecology & Obstetrics","topic_name":null,"id":"db26ae0d-84ba-41a5-be53-94723de58182","choice_type":"multi"}777{"question":"Radiation causes cell death by:","exp":null,"cop":3,"opa":"Charring of nucleoproteins","opb":"Destroying their mitochondria","opc":"Ionization","opd":"Disruption of cytosol","subject_name":"Radiology","topic_name":null,"id":"36b0d7c6-f5d7-4d5d-a312-c48ec39107e5","choice_type":"single"}778{"question":"A patient of head injury is intubated and ventilated. The ideal mode of ventilation in him would be:","exp":"Ans. a. CMVControlled Mechanical Ventilation (CMV)The ventilator delivers a present number of breathes\/min of a preset volume.","cop":1,"opa":"CMV","opb":"CPAP","opc":"AMV","opd":"SIMV","subject_name":"Anaesthesia","topic_name":null,"id":"9631d6de-2f89-43ce-a707-508f76977a7f","choice_type":"single"}779{"question":"All of the following statements about insulin Afreeza are true except","exp":"AFREEZA insulin : Inhalational preparation of insulin. Sho and fast acting insulin Used incombination with long acting insulin. Needs to be given in multiple dose. Should be used in combination with a long-acting insulin. S\/E- Cough and throat irritation. It should not be used in individuals who smoke and COPD","cop":4,"opa":"Inhalational preparation of insulin","opb":"Not a substitute of injectable insulin","opc":"Needs to be given in multiple doses","opd":"Used in combination with sho acting insulin","subject_name":"Medicine","topic_name":"AIIMS 2018","id":"faf1c5f2-3ab2-492c-b58b-1dd81fd5a6d7","choice_type":"multi"}780{"question":"The lateral lingual swellings and tuberculum impar give rise to:","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"Anterior 1\/3 of tongue","opb":"Anterior 2\/3 of tongue","opc":"Posterior 1\/3 of tongue","opd":"Posterior 2\/3 of tongue","subject_name":"Anatomy","topic_name":null,"id":"4839c894-ec48-45dc-b147-f2e81c11f78a","choice_type":"single"}781{"question":"Impression compound has which of the following characteristic property?","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Low thermal conductivity","opb":"High flow property","opc":"Degradation in presence of moisture","opd":"Remain distortion free up to 72 hrs. pouring can be safely delayed","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"02a06bac-14e5-4bf2-a085-9d14305cd460","choice_type":"single"}782{"question":"Craters in interseptal bone are best eliminated by","exp":null,"cop":4,"opa":"Gingivectomy","opb":"Supragingival curettage","opc":"Interseptal massage with stimulators","opd":"Osseous recontouring","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"1d41cfa5-26ea-42db-b8cb-3a7b7959d954","choice_type":"single"}783{"question":"In pregnancy, the most common cause of transient- diabetes insipidus is:","exp":"Diabetes insipidus can be caused by:\nDeficiency of antiduretic hormone\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Resistance of ADH action\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u2193\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u2193\nCentral diabetes insipidus\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.\n\nA transient form of DI occurs during pregnancy due to:\n\n\u2013 Excessive placental production of vasopressinase\n\u2013 Decreased hepatic clearance due to abnormal liver function there in case of:\n\nPreeclampsia\nFatty liver\nHepatitis.\n\n\nApproximately 60% of women with previously known DI worsen, 20% improve and 20% do not change during pregnancy.\nWorsening is attributed to excessive placental vasopressinase production.\nSome females with DI who develop placental insufficiency show DI improvement, which is attributed to decreased vasopressinase production by the damaged placenta.\n\nSymptoms:\n\nPolyuria (4-15 liters\/day)\nIntense thirst particularly for ice cold fluids.\n\nDiagnosis: is confirmed by water deprivation test.\nTreatment: of choice intranasal L-deamino 8D arginine vasopressin (DDAVP) which is a synthetic analogue of ADH and is resistant to vasopressinase.","cop":1,"opa":"Severe preeclampsia","opb":"Hydramnios","opc":"Multiple pregnancy","opd":"IUGR","subject_name":"Gynaecology & Obstetrics","topic_name":null,"id":"b467f831-a659-457d-9132-1f205935bee8","choice_type":"single"}784{"question":"A 12-years-old child suffers from an avulsed tooth following trauma. The best medium which to carry in the tooth to the dental clinic is:","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"Buccal vestibule","opb":"Milk","opc":"Water","opd":"Cotton","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"7920ff2c-c8bb-482a-9080-b102f83eca18","choice_type":"single"}785{"question":"Which of the following is used in the management of haemophillic patient?","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Tranxemic acid","opb":"Acetic acid","opc":"Ascorbic acid","opd":"Palmitonic acid","subject_name":"Surgery","topic_name":null,"id":"287ee601-bba2-4926-a230-388f13cfa28d","choice_type":"single"}786{"question":"After a class V amalgam restoration, patient experiences pain, which may be due to?","exp":null,"cop":4,"opa":"Dentin (Hyper) sensitivity","opb":"Irreversible pulpal damage","opc":"Injury to adjacent gingiva","opd":"Any of the above","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"dc223256-3048-485a-9ea6-3cd5c2ff39b3","choice_type":"multi"}787{"question":"All of the following influence the efficiency of bur, except:","exp":null,"cop":3,"opa":"Neck diameter","opb":"Length and diameter of bur","opc":"Height of taper of bur","opd":"Spiral angle and cross-cuts of bur","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"89e1c450-ada8-47e4-a966-ffe1ad0f789d","choice_type":"multi"}788{"question":"A man comes with aphasia. He is unable to name things and repetition is poor. However comprehension, fluency and understanding written words is unaffected. He is probably suffering from:","exp":"Ans: D. Conduction aphasia(Ref Harrison 19\/e p 1 76, 18\/e p302)Typical case of conduction aphasia with normal comprehension & fluency, but impaired naming & repetition.Conduction aphasia:Due to damaged arcuate fasciculus.Arcuate fasciculus:Connection between Wernicke's (language comprehension) & Broca's (Language production) areas.Hence, connection lost.Clinical features:Hallmark finding - Inability to repeat words.Comprehension & language expression intact.Inability to transfer understood word to Broca 's area to be expressed.Results in meaningful fluent speech & relatively good comprehension but very poor repetition.","cop":4,"opa":"Anomic aphasia","opb":"Broca's aphasia","opc":"Transcoical sensory aphasia","opd":"Conduction aphasia","subject_name":"Medicine","topic_name":null,"id":"a4ae6ca7-78a0-48fd-956c-4259c141d158","choice_type":"single"}789{"question":"All of the following are true regarding tonsillectomy in children except:","exp":"Answer- A. Extracapsular approach is best for cold approachIntracapsular approach is prefened over exlracapsular approach in tonsillectomyfor cold opproach.'Intracapsular tonsillectomy with bipolar scissors results in less postoperative pain than extracapsular tonsillectomywith bipolar scissors in children age 5 to 19 years.Obstructive sleep apnea is the most common indicationfor T and A.'The most common indication for Tonsillectomy and Adenoidectomy (T and A) was for infectious etiology.","cop":1,"opa":"Extracapsular approach is best for cold approach","opb":"Sleep apnea is an indication","opc":"Adenoids should also be removed if significantly involved","opd":"Cricothyroid region is high and anterior in children than adults","subject_name":"ENT","topic_name":null,"id":"5e7cb3e3-57f6-4748-96dd-0b8f6e2fa902","choice_type":"multi"}790{"question":"Korffs fibres are seen in:","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Mantle dentin","opb":"Secondary dentin","opc":"Reactionary dentin","opd":"Indeed dermal tubules","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"4798d605-979f-48e0-82ee-fea88cb40907","choice_type":"single"}791{"question":"ABCDE mnemonic is used for which disease?","exp":"Answer- B. MelanomaABCDE rule: Asymmetry (one half of the mole doesn't match the other), Border irregularity, Color that is not uniform, Diameter greater than 6 mm (about the size of a pencil eraser), and Evolving size, shape or color","cop":2,"opa":"SCC","opb":"Melanoma","opc":"Basal Cell carcinoma","opd":"Verrucous carcinoma","subject_name":"Surgery","topic_name":null,"id":"1f253e11-f50e-40f8-a36a-16101d47d319","choice_type":"single"}792{"question":"At what age root resorption start","exp":"1st to resorb is Mandibular central incisor start resorbing at 5 years of age","cop":1,"opa":"5 years","opb":"3 years","opc":"6.5 years","opd":"7 years","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"38ced20b-e4ee-4ea8-ae1a-c311cb177f24","choice_type":"single"}793{"question":"Boiled lobster syndrome is seen in poisoning of:","exp":"Ans: A. Boric acid(Ref: Principles of Clinical Toxicology 3\/e p221).Boiled lobster syndrome is seen in poisoning of Boric acid.Features:Major symptom is erythema, desquamation and exfoliation.The skin of the patient looks like a 'boiled lobster'.","cop":1,"opa":"Boric acid","opb":"HNO,","opc":"H,SO4","opd":"Phenol","subject_name":"Forensic Medicine","topic_name":null,"id":"efbacdd9-1c25-4697-8ad9-377c7a8105b8","choice_type":"single"}794{"question":"Sodium iodide sympoer is not present in","exp":"Ans: A. Pituitary gland Sodium iodide sympoer - Not present in the pituitary gland.Sodium-Iodide Sympoer (NIS) is present inThyroiddegSalivary glandsdegGastric mucosadegPlacentaoCiliary body of the eyedegChoroid plexusdegMammary glandsdegCeain cancers derived from these","cop":1,"opa":"Pituitary gland","opb":"Placenta","opc":"Parotid","opd":"Thyroid","subject_name":"Physiology","topic_name":null,"id":"9d2bff20-7d45-402d-af8f-3eb0c1e1e404","choice_type":"single"}795{"question":"Fate of IDL(Intermediate Density Lipoprotein) in plasma","exp":"Fate of IDL in plasma:\n50% IDL particles \u2192 taken up by liver.\nRemaining\u00a050% will convert to \u2192 LDL particle.","cop":3,"opa":"50% is taken up by liver","opb":"50% is converted to LDL particle","opc":"Both 1 and 2","opd":"None of the above","subject_name":"Biochemistry","topic_name":null,"id":"23d04e70-f243-4c16-a7c4-827051a5b62b","choice_type":"multi"}796{"question":"Nowadays, swine flu is in news, it is considered as","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Pandemic","opb":"Epidemic","opc":"Endemic","opd":"Seasonal variation","subject_name":"Medicine","topic_name":null,"id":"2df0c27e-46a1-4f96-9de7-fb847c80a454","choice_type":"single"}797{"question":"A 55-year-old male presents with renal failure. He gives a history of mild bone pains for the last 7 years. X-ray pelvis shows osteolytic lesions. Serum electrophoresis reveals a M spike. Peripheral blood evaluation showed rouleaux formation of RBCs with 35% plasma cells. Bone marrow examination showed a increase in plasma cells with aberrant antigen expression. The most likely diagnosis is:","exp":"Answer- A (Multiple myeloma)Malignant proliferation of plasma cells in the bone marrow results in the production of large number of complete and incomplete immunoglobulins.","cop":1,"opa":"Multiple myeloma","opb":"Monoclonal gammopathy with unknown significance","opc":"Smouldering myeloma","opd":"Plasma cell leukemia","subject_name":"Medicine","topic_name":null,"id":"f2bb0a0b-b19d-41d8-9435-36d7eab51d07","choice_type":"single"}798{"question":"Anterior limit of infratemporal fossa is:","exp":"Infratemporal fossa is an irregular space found below zygomatic arch.\nBoundaries:\n\nAnteriorly : Posterior surface of maxilla.\nMedially : Lateral pterygoid plate and pyramidal process of palatine bone.\nLaterally : Ramus of mandible.\nSuperiorly : Infratemporal surface of greater wing of sphenoid.","cop":2,"opa":"Lateral pterygoid plate","opb":"Maxillary posterior wall","opc":"Pterygomaxillary fissure","opd":"Mastoid process","subject_name":"Anatomy","topic_name":null,"id":"808e56de-bf9d-4a6d-acbe-e27ef3880361","choice_type":"multi"}799{"question":"Which of the following is the diluting segment of kidney?","exp":"Structure Function Glomerulus PCA Descending limb of loop of henle Ascending limb of loop of henle DCT Collecting duct Isotonic ultrafiltration Reabsorption of Na+ H2O, amino acids, HCO3,K+, Ca2+, Cl- Reabsorbs H2O into interstitium, impermeable to solute. Impermeable to H2O,loop diuretics acts here. Resorption of Na, K, Cl, k\/a the diluting segment. Thiazide diuretics act here, removes 10% of Na+& Cl-, some H2O also removed. Aka concentrating segment, absorbs 10 - 12% of H2O under ADH, principle cells reabsorbs Na+& secretes K+ , intercalated cells reabsorbs K+ & secretes HCO-3.","cop":3,"opa":"PCT","opb":"Collecting duct","opc":"Ascending thick loop Henle","opd":"Descending loop of Henle","subject_name":"Physiology","topic_name":"AIIMS 2018","id":"e803c024-5cd2-48f7-a3d1-c72f5e1563a6","choice_type":"single"}800{"question":"Vitamin K dependent factor is","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"II","opb":"III","opc":"IV","opd":"VI","subject_name":"Medicine","topic_name":null,"id":"de56af6c-b937-44b2-bad9-019a76760d67","choice_type":"single"}801{"question":"The principal reason for placing an aluminium filter in\nthe primary beam of radiation is to:","exp":"Although an x-ray beam consists of a continuous spectrum of x-ray photon energies, only photons with sufficient energy to penetrate through anatomic structures and reach the image receptor (digital or film) are useful for diagnostic radiology. Low-energy photons\u00a0that cannot reach the receptor contribute to patient risk but do no offer any benefit. Consequently, it is desirable to remove these low-energy photons from the beam. This removal can be accomplished in part by placing a metallic disk (filter) in the beam path.\u00a0\nA filter preferentially removes low-energy photons from the beam, while allowing high energy photons that are able to contribute to making an image to pass through.\u00a0\nRef: Oral Radiology, Principles and Interpretation \/ Stuart C. White, Michael J. Pharoah - 7th ed - pg - 10","cop":3,"opa":"Reduce exposure time","opb":"Decrease development time of the films","opc":"Reduce radiation to the skin of the patient","opd":"Obtain greater definition of the images of teeth","subject_name":"Radiology","topic_name":null,"id":"dde225f7-adf4-41e8-afe5-f12ab7801578","choice_type":"single"}802{"question":"Myelinated nerve fibres have all of the following properties except","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Conduction is slower in myelinated than in non-myelinated fibres","opb":"Current discharges at nodes of Ranvier","opc":"Outer layer is of lipids","opd":"Depolarisation occurs only at nodes of ranvier","subject_name":"Surgery","topic_name":null,"id":"d1ba41d0-9b08-4fd4-a4fa-22315c0e8ceb","choice_type":"multi"}803{"question":"Central wrapping is done by:","exp":"Primary sensory nerve fiber belongs to type I\u03b1 (A\u03b1) nerve fiber. Each sensory (afferent) nerve fiber has two branches.\u00a0One\u00a0of the\u00a0branches\u00a0supplies\u00a0the\u00a0central portion\u00a0of\u00a0nuclear\u00a0bag\u00a0 fiber. The other branch\u00a0ends\u00a0in\u00a0central\u00a0portion\u00a0of\u00a0the\u00a0nuclear\u00a0chain fiber. These branches end in the form of rings around central portion of nuclear bag and nuclear chain fibers.\nTherefore, these nerve endings are called annulospiral endings.","cop":4,"opa":"Golgi tendon","opb":"Type 2 fibre","opc":"Flower spray ending","opd":"Annulospiral ending","subject_name":"Physiology","topic_name":null,"id":"3ec2a130-23a9-4750-ac4f-a9390c2930ef","choice_type":"single"}804{"question":"Golgi tendon organs used to detect ?","exp":"Ans. C. Tension of muscleThe Golgi tendon organ (GTO) (also called Golgi organ, tendon organ, neurotendinous organ or neurotendinous spindle) is a proprioceptive sensory receptor organ that senses changes in muscle tension. It lies at the origins and inseion of skeletal muscle fibers into the tendons of skeletal muscle.","cop":3,"opa":"Dynamic","opb":"Static","opc":"Tension of muscle","opd":"All","subject_name":"Anatomy","topic_name":null,"id":"93f5e66f-2b58-40a8-84e0-0c4c42dd7a93","choice_type":"multi"}805{"question":"Function of WHO collaborating centers:","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Collection, collation and dissemination of information","opb":"Functioning and forming new guidelines\/definitions for diseases","opc":"Contact with grass root workers","opd":"Collaborate information mainly","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"ee350111-02ad-4142-8dc2-0be524836a16","choice_type":"single"}806{"question":"Vesicoureteric reflux is more common in \u2013","exp":"Clinical manifestations of VUR \n\nIn primary reflux the average age ofpresentation is 2-3 years.\nReflux is more common in females and it is usually detected earlier in females so we can say that reflux is present from birth but it is usually detected at 2-3 years of age but in feinales the age of detection is earlier.\n\nFeatures are -\n\nIn primary reflux the patient usually presents with symptoms of pyelonephritis or cystitis.\nIn secondary reflux manifestation of primary diseases are usually the presenting symptoms\nReflux is the most common cause of pyelonephritis. It is seen in 30-50% of patients with pyelonephritis.\nIt is present in over 75% of patients with radiological evidence of chronic pyelonephritis Diagnosis of Vesicoureteric reflux -\nThe most useful process for conclusive diagnosis of reflux is micturating cystourethrogram.\nThis will demonstrate the grade of reflux as well as urethral anatomy.\nThe other useful technique for detecting vesicoureteric reflux is radionuclide imaging.\nIt is extremaly sensitive at detecting reflux but do not demonstrate the anatomic detail seen with voiding cystourethro gram.\nSo they are used for follow up after micturating cystourethrogram because they offer less radiation exposure.","cop":1,"opa":"Newborn females","opb":"Older girls","opc":"Older boys","opd":"Only during pregnancy","subject_name":"Pediatrics","topic_name":null,"id":"c6da06a8-62d4-49b1-9bce-e4584bbadc62","choice_type":"single"}807{"question":"A young man was on high protein diet and raw eggs. After 3 days he developed weakness. Blood investigation revealed hypoglycemia. Hypoglycemia is due to inhibition of which of the following enzymes","exp":"Ans- c- Pyruvate Carboxylase.When gluconeogenesis is elevated due to low blood glucose levels, the activation by acetyl-CoA of pyruvate carboxylase, which catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate to oxaloacetate, paially alletes this problem, but in conditions such as starvation and untreated diabetes mellitus, ketone bodies are overproduced and cause ketosis.","cop":3,"opa":"Glucose 6 phosphatase","opb":"Glycogen phosphorylase","opc":"Pyruvate Carboxylase","opd":"Glucokinase","subject_name":"Biochemistry","topic_name":null,"id":"bd5b9ca9-7065-4c91-8a54-26c8d3a34501","choice_type":"single"}808{"question":"A 20 year old man fell on an outstretched hand and later had pain in the anatomic snuff box area of hand. What is the deformity in this person. The x - ray after the fall is given below:","exp":"* This is a case of FOOSH (fall on out-stretched hand). X - ray image shows fracture of scaphoid.* Overall most common of FOOSH is colle's fracture. It is common in elderly.* Common in FOOSH occurring in young adult is scaphoid fracture * Common in FOOSH occurring in children is supracondylar of humerus * Pain on anatomical snuffbox signifies scaphoid fracture","cop":4,"opa":"Scaphoid - lunate fracture","opb":"Distal radius fracture","opc":"Ulnar fracture","opd":"Scaphoid fracture","subject_name":"Orthopaedics","topic_name":"AIIMS 2017","id":"dccadcab-84e0-4aec-b33a-7509f61f07fe","choice_type":"multi"}809{"question":"A 70 years old patient presents with a lesion on the cheek with raised, pearly borders and with telangiectasias on surface of the lesion. What is the likely diagnosis?","exp":"Ans: A. Basal cell carcinoma(Ref: Harrison 19\/c p500; Robbins 9\/e p1157)Lesion on the cheek with raised, pearly borders and with telangiectasia on surface of the lesion is highly suggestive of basal cell carcinoma.Basal cell carcinomas:Present as pearly papules containing prominent dilated subepidermal blood vessels (telangiectasias).Arises from epidermal basal cells.Present as a small, slowly growing pearly nodule, often with touous telangiectatic vessels on its surface, rolled borders, and a central crust (nodular BCC).The occasional presence of melanin in this variant of nodular BCC (pigmented BCC) may lead to confusion with melanoma.Morpheaform (fibrosing), infiltrative, and micronodular BCC, the most invasive and potentially aggressive subtypes, manifest as solitary flat or slightly depressed, indurated whitish, yellowish, or pink scar-like plaques.","cop":1,"opa":"Basal cell carcinoma","opb":"Squamous cell carcinoma","opc":"Was","opd":"Actinic keratosis","subject_name":"Surgery","topic_name":null,"id":"91ef49a3-d73b-408b-abf1-0fbfe43805dd","choice_type":"single"}810{"question":"Crude Bih rate for a sub-center is 20. What the number of pregnant woman registered in sub-center?","exp":"Population of a sub-centre =5000 Crude bih rate= 20 per 1000 mid-year population Therefore, no. of bihs= 20\/1000 x 5000=100 Pregnancy wastage factor = 10% (i.e. not all pregnancies result in a live bih, and roughly 10% ANC women have a \"wastage\" of their pregnancy. Therefore, total ANC= 100+ =110 As a thumb rule, Minimum number of ANC that should be registered at a time= 50%. - Min. No. registered in the sub-centre= 110 x 50\/100=55 ~ ~60","cop":4,"opa":"80","opb":"100","opc":"110","opd":"60","subject_name":"Social & Preventive Medicine","topic_name":"AIIMS 2017","id":"23d97589-5dbe-4c51-b3ff-3d102f13d781","choice_type":"single"}811{"question":"A 12 - year - old boy had a cut in his forearm 4 days ago. Now the bleeding has been stopped due to granulation tissue formation. While taking a skin biopsy a pa of the granulation tissue was also included in the specimen. The histology of granulation tissue is shown below. Which type of collagen is found in this granulation tissue?","exp":"In wound healing, granulation tissue formation takes place 2 weeks - Predominantly, it is collagen type 3 >2 weeks - Collagen type 1","cop":3,"opa":"Type 1","opb":"Type 2","opc":"Type 3","opd":"Type 4","subject_name":"Pathology","topic_name":"AIIMS 2018","id":"c0bf19ac-df23-4d2b-8a88-0b2f256fed66","choice_type":"single"}812{"question":"A 61 years old post-menopausal woman with a family history of ovarian cancer presents with pain abdomen. She is on hormone replacement therapy. An abdominal ultrasound revealed a smooth cyst in the right ovary. What should be done next?","exp":"Answer-D. Check CA-125 levels and advise regular follow-up if normalThis is a post-menopausal patient with a simple (smooth) qtst in the ovary. Such a cyst doesn't needfuher investigations,but this patient has two risk factors for malignancy: Family history of ovarian tamor and history of Hormonal therapy.Hence, CA-125 levels should be evaluated and the RMI-I score (Risk of Malignancy index) calcalated before proceedingfor regular follow up. If RMI score exceeds 200,fuher imaging laparoscopic surgery will be needed in this patient.","cop":4,"opa":"Observe and reassure the patient","opb":"Laparoscopic surgery to visualize the nature of the cyst","opc":"Drilling of cysts","opd":"Check CA-125 levels and advise regular follow-up if normal","subject_name":"Gynaecology & Obstetrics","topic_name":null,"id":"641830d8-81c8-4a90-abaf-1d0fc4de838d","choice_type":"single"}813{"question":"A drug X was given continuous intravenous infusion at 1.6 mg\/min. The clearance of the drug is 640 mL\/min. With a half-life of 1.8 hours, what would be the steady state plasma concentration of drug?","exp":"Answer- A. 0.002 mg\/mLCpss is directly propoional to the dose rate & inversely propoional to the clearance of drug.Cpss = Dose rate\/clearanceDose rate= 1.6 mgiml; Clearance= 640 ml\/minCpss = 1.61640 = 0.0025 mg\/ml = 0.002 mg\/ml","cop":1,"opa":"0.002 mg\/mL","opb":"0.004 trig\/mL","opc":"2.88 mg\/mL","opd":"3.55 mg\/mL","subject_name":"Pharmacology","topic_name":null,"id":"5fecb77f-66cc-4650-8201-3759bda2a213","choice_type":"single"}814{"question":"Which of these is seen in Asherman syndrome?","exp":"Ans: B. Hypomenorrhea(Ref: Shaw's 16\/e p250; Novaks 13\/e p351)Hypomenorrhea:Seen in Asherman syndromeAsherman's syndrome:More common with secondary amenorrhea or hypomenorrhea.Causes:In patients with risk factors for endometrial or cervical scarring (history of uterine or cervical surgery), infections related to IUD use & severe pelvic inflammatory disease.Found in 39% patients undergoing hysterosalpingography with previous postpaum curettage.Rare cause: Infections (tuberculosis & schistosomiasis).","cop":2,"opa":"Oligomenorrhea","opb":"Hypomenorrhea","opc":"Metromenorrhagia","opd":"Polymenorrhea","subject_name":"Gynaecology & Obstetrics","topic_name":null,"id":"05c55694-331d-4f11-a9b4-a5efbc32de79","choice_type":"single"}815{"question":"Most common cause of recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy is:","exp":"\"Previous surgery, mostly thyroid surgery, is the most common cause of laryngeal nerve paralysis. Revision thyroidectomy bears a paicularly high risk for inferior and superior laryngeal nerve trauma.\" - Surgery of Larynx and Trachea by Marc Remacle (2015)\/ p271","cop":2,"opa":"Bronchogenic carcinoma","opb":"Thyroid surgery","opc":"Mediastinal tumors","opd":"Pancoast tumor","subject_name":"Surgery","topic_name":"AIIMS 2017","id":"251499f8-5ddb-4d75-9acb-71fa169e64dc","choice_type":"single"}816{"question":"A G2 P1+0+0 diabetic mother present at 32 weeks pregnancy, there is history of full term fetal demise in last pregnancy. Her vitals are stable, sugar is controlled and fetus is stable. Which among the following will be the most appropriate management?","exp":"The most common time of IUD in a diabetic patient is last two weeks of pregnancy, since in this patient there is history of a full term demise as well, so logically speaking we should terminate her pregnancy at 38 weeks.This is what logic says, now let us see what references have to say-\nHigh risk gestational diabetes:\n\nHistory of stillbirth\nHistory of neonatal death\nHistory of fetal macrosomia\nConcomitant obesity and\/or hypertension\nDevelopment of oligohydramnios, polyhydramnios preeclampsia or fetal macrosomia\nInadequate metabolic control with diet alone.\n\n\u201cHigh risk gestational diabetic patients should have their labor induced when they reach 38 weeks with exception of those with a macrosomia fetus (Efw > 4000 g) who should be delivered by cesarean section because of the increased risk of shoulder dystocia\u201d.\nFernando Arias 3\/e, p 449\nInduction of labor: The indications are\n\nDiabetic women controlled on insulin (GDM or class B diabetes) are considered for induction of labor after 38 completed weeks\nWomen with vascular complications (pre-eclampsia, IUGR) often require induction after 37 weeks.","cop":1,"opa":"To induce at 38 weeks","opb":"To induce at 40 weeks","opc":"Cesarean section at 38 weeks","opd":"To wait for spontaneous delivery","subject_name":"Gynaecology & Obstetrics","topic_name":null,"id":"ff070552-6e90-4e3b-ad82-918bed4d632c","choice_type":"single"}817{"question":"Numbness on shaving after parotidectomy due to which nerve injury?","exp":"Answer- B. Auriculotemporal nerve","cop":2,"opa":"Facial nerve","opb":"Auriculotemporal nerve","opc":"Greater auricular nerve","opd":"Occipital nerve","subject_name":"Surgery","topic_name":null,"id":"3559323b-c3a6-42b9-b4a1-33e132361d1f","choice_type":"single"}818{"question":"According to RAMJFORD, occlusal interferences with nervous tension triggers which of the following habit:","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Bruxism","opb":"Thumb sucking","opc":"Tongue thrusting","opd":"All of the above","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"edd5dd5b-34dc-4c3c-9c68-75812480d96c","choice_type":"multi"}819{"question":"True about cow\\'s milk are all except \u2013","exp":"Whey protein constitutes 80% of the protein in human milk, while the main protein in cow's milk is casein\nTable : Compariso, of human milk and cow's milk","cop":1,"opa":"Cow's milk contains 80% whey protein not casein","opb":"Cow milk has less carbohydrate than mothers milk","opc":"Has more K+ and Na+  than infant formula feeds","opd":"All of the above","subject_name":"Pediatrics","topic_name":null,"id":"81b6f78e-d617-455f-b0d6-fd9480077f70","choice_type":"multi"}820{"question":"While performing biomechanical preparation, apical constriction is enlarged to 50 sized  instrument. What would be the next step?","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"Use reverse filing technique","opb":"Reinstrument with larger instrument 1 mm short of previous preparation","opc":"Fit a 50 mm cone and condense carefully","opd":"Fill with 40 sized cone","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"e71cfa3d-6587-429f-8fa8-24cdd6e686d1","choice_type":"multi"}821{"question":"Root value of cremaster reflex is","exp":"In Men, Cremaster muscle & cremaster fascia form middle\/2nd covering of spermatic cord. This muscle & Its associated fascia are supplied by genital branch of GENITOFEMORAL NERVE(L1 L2) Contraction of this muscle & resulting elevation of testis can be stimulated by reflex arc Gently touching the skin at & around the anterior aspect of superior pa of thigh stimulates sensory fibers in femoral branch of genito-femoral N\/ Ilio-Inguinal N. These fibers enter spinal cord at L1 At L1, Sensory fibers stimulate motor fibers carried in genital branch of genito-femoral N, which results in contraction of cremaster muscle & elevation of testis. Cremasteric reflex is more active in children, tending to diminish with age. As with many reflexes, it may be absent in ceain neurological disorders. Although, it can be used for testing spinal cord function at level L1 in men, Its clinical use is limited.","cop":1,"opa":"L1, L2","opb":"L2, L3","opc":"S1, S2","opd":"S3, S4","subject_name":"Anatomy","topic_name":"AIIMS 2017","id":"e60f51ab-3827-4ddd-9649-a6d601b9682c","choice_type":"single"}822{"question":"All of the following are true about venous drainage of esophagus except:","exp":"Ans: C. The cervical esophagus drains directly into the right brachiocephalic vein(Ref: Gray's 411e p1111, 40Ie p950).Cervical pa of esophagus is drained into inferior thyroid vein, not the right brachiocephalic vein.Venous drainage of esophagus:Cervical pa is drained by inferior thyroid vein.Thoracic pa is drained by azygous and hemiazygous veins.Abdominal pa is drained by two venous channels, hemiazygous vein and left gastric vein.","cop":3,"opa":"Thoracic esophagus drains into the azygos vein","opb":"Esophageal veins drain into a submucosal plexus","opc":"The cervical esophagus drains directly into the right brachiocephalic vein","opd":"Lower esophageal veins anastomose with the left gastric vein","subject_name":"Anatomy","topic_name":null,"id":"7d07e718-099e-466f-912a-d1f7240f482b","choice_type":"multi"}823{"question":"A Patient in medical intensive care unit who is intubated ,suddenly removes the endotracheal tube. What should be done next?","exp":"As the ET tube was removed by the patient by himself, it indicates adequate spontaneous breathing and muscle power. Hence assess the patient first, give bag and mask ventilation and look for spontaneous breathing","cop":3,"opa":"Sedate and reintubate","opb":"Make him sit and do physiotherapy","opc":"Assess the patient and give bag and mask ventilation and look for spontaneous breathing","opd":"Give bag and mask ventilation and intubate","subject_name":"Anaesthesia","topic_name":"AIIMS 2017","id":"dea9021b-e874-4096-9195-ac758f2de19d","choice_type":"single"}824{"question":"Disadvantages of grids are:","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"Skin exposure of patient","opb":"Increase exposure time","opc":"Doesn't improve image","opd":"Overall density of radiograph is increased","subject_name":"Radiology","topic_name":null,"id":"e0d4d5a9-71e4-4f84-b750-3894f8c7eaad","choice_type":"multi"}825{"question":"Most commonly missing tooth is","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"Upper 3rd molar","opb":"Lower 3rd molar","opc":"Upper lateral incisor","opd":"Lower 2nd premolar","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"6268aaa4-a6b7-4879-b15a-3861afd83e45","choice_type":"single"}826{"question":"True about enameloma","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"A globule like structure usually found on root due to misplaced ameloblast","opb":"True neoplasm of ameloblast","opc":"Tumor resembling enamel present on gingiva","opd":"Tumor of ameloblast which fail to differentiate terminally","subject_name":"Pathology","topic_name":null,"id":"059d6968-3cf3-49e4-a30c-c15b1f3b3308","choice_type":"multi"}827{"question":"Chewing stroke starts from?","exp":null,"cop":4,"opa":"CO","opb":"CR","opc":"Maximum intercuspation","opd":"CR or CO depends on patient to patient","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"2f009ec1-ddb0-4dc5-a0e1-b46ab022a5fa","choice_type":"single"}828{"question":"Molecule with permanent dipole","exp":null,"cop":4,"opa":"Oxygen","opb":"Helium","opc":"Liquid nitrogen","opd":"Water","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"025ee5f8-15fa-4b65-9e0a-755ae8e2d304","choice_type":"single"}829{"question":"A diabetic patient presented with uncontrolled blood sugar level. He has history of pancreatitis and family history of urinary bladder carcinoma. He does not want to take injectable drugs. Which of the following drug can be added to control his blood sugar?","exp":"Linaglutide(-ide) is a peptide, so not given orally. It is a GLP 1(incretin) analogue and it can cause pancreatitis.Sitagliptin is a DPP 4(dipeptidyl peptidase 4) inhibitor; can cause pancreatitis.Pioglitazone(PPAR- gamma agonist) can cause urinary bladder carcinoma; so can't be given.So, canagliflozin (SGLT 2 inhibitor) can be added.","cop":3,"opa":"Liraglutide","opb":"Sitagliptin","opc":"Canagliflozin","opd":"Pioglitazone","subject_name":"Pharmacology","topic_name":"AIIMS 2017","id":"2b110e57-8338-4189-86e2-cbea7d761c30","choice_type":"single"}830{"question":"A pregnant female with known cardiac disease presents to you in the first trimester with history of warfarin embryopathy what should be advised now?","exp":"Ans. B. Replace warfarin with heparin in First trimesterRef: Williams Obstetrics, 24'h ed.Warf'arin has a low molecular weight and readily crosses the placenta.Exposure between the 6th and 9th weeks may result in warfarin embryopathy characterized by stippling of the veebrae and femoral epiphyses and by nasal hypoplasia with depression ofthe nasal bone.","cop":2,"opa":"Continue warfarin throughout the pregnancy","opb":"Replace warfarin with heparin in First trimester","opc":"Give acicoumarin","opd":"Use LMW heparin","subject_name":"Gynaecology & Obstetrics","topic_name":null,"id":"dfb6dc4a-a4ac-4270-8bf2-807e6efead3a","choice_type":"single"}831{"question":"Which muscle is responsible for translation of condyle?","exp":null,"cop":4,"opa":"Medial pterygoid","opb":"Masseter","opc":"Superior constrictor of pharynx","opd":"Lateral pterygoid","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"936ed4f5-e283-4e25-97a3-a696b0539389","choice_type":"single"}832{"question":"Average daily dose of vitamin-C is:","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"30 - 40 mg","opb":"50 - 60 mg","opc":"60 - 100 mg","opd":"100 - 150 mg","subject_name":"Biochemistry","topic_name":null,"id":"69758996-e5da-4633-a11a-63862d6595c8","choice_type":"single"}833{"question":"It is likely that cell mediated immune reactions (delayed\nhypersensitivity) occur in periodontitis because subjects with periodontitis have","exp":null,"cop":3,"opa":"High levels of histamine in involved gingival tissue","opb":"IgG antibodies reactive with plaque bacterial antigens","opc":"Ttymphocytes sensitized to bacterial plaque antigens","opd":"High Levels of collagenase in gingival fluids","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"57f4102b-4c7f-41b0-8ee5-a221747da8ab","choice_type":"single"}834{"question":"Which of the following is NOT the criteria to discharge a patient of dengue haemorrhagic fever?","exp":"Normal urine output- 1.5 l\/day For discharge patient should become afebrile 24 hrs from shock recovery would not be enough should be kept a little longer to know general well being of patient. Therefore, option a, b, d ruled out. Patients with dengue hemorrhagic fever or dengue shock syndrome may be discharged from the hospital when they meet the following criteria: Afebrile for 24 hours without antipyretics Good appetite, clinically improved condition Adequate urine output Stable hematrocit level Atleast 48 hours since recovery from shock No respiratory distress Platelet count greater than 50,000 cells.","cop":4,"opa":"Afebrile for 24 hours without antipyretics","opb":"Platelet count greater than 50,000 cells","opc":"Return of appetite","opd":"Atleast 24 hours since recovery from shock","subject_name":"Medicine","topic_name":"AIIMS 2019","id":"31579687-1448-4606-9db6-52f9d0cc8a7f","choice_type":"single"}835{"question":"A mother is exposed to Diethyl stilbesterol during pregnancy. All the following features may be seen in the child after birth except :","exp":"\"Women who were exposed to diethylstilbestrol in utero have a high incidence of adenosis of the vagina and cervis. These patient also have, potential reproductive abnormalities, including infertility, habitual abortions and tubal and uterine cavity abnormality. Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina and cervix is a rare sequaele of DES exposure in utero\".","cop":2,"opa":"Clear cell carcinoma","opb":"Microglandular hyperplasia","opc":"Malformation of the vagina and uterus","opd":"Vaginal adenosis","subject_name":"Pediatrics","topic_name":null,"id":"781a68ce-0d78-4685-948b-4dbfa0740f1e","choice_type":"multi"}836{"question":"According to 2011 census, life expectancy at birth for male and female is","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"67 and 70","opb":"70 and 67","opc":"61 and 69","opd":"69 and 61","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"0d73cb93-a494-457a-ae8c-274d92d0947f","choice_type":"single"}837{"question":"which one of the following shows 'Blueberry lips'?","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"MEN syndrome","opb":"Cyanotic heart disease","opc":"Albright syndrome","opd":"Gardner syndrome","subject_name":"Pathology","topic_name":null,"id":"7ea6d180-f468-404f-9ee3-0c68a55b7e51","choice_type":"single"}838{"question":"A surgeon with less experience of laparoscopic cholecystectomy while doing laparoscopic surgery found some stone in common bile duct. What should he ideally do?","exp":"Ans. d. Open CBD explorationLaparoscopic CBD exploration is an advanced surgery and if a surgeon is not trained for this then he should conve the case and do open cholecystectomy and open CBD exploration.The preparation and indications for cholecystectomy are the same whether it is performed by laparoscopy or by open techniques.For patients in whom a laparoscopic approach is not indicated or in whom conversion from a laparoscopic approach is required an open cholecystectomy is performed.","cop":4,"opa":"Open cholecystectomy with choledochoduodenostomy","opb":"Laparoscopic exploration of CBD and removal of stone","opc":"Laparoscopic CBD exploration through the cystic duct","opd":"Open CBD exploration","subject_name":"Surgery","topic_name":null,"id":"6434c78e-ee6b-4e07-afac-ab14fe5f1c4e","choice_type":"multi"}839{"question":"Macrocephaly is seen in which of the following syndromes ?","exp":"LEUCO J ITS TROPHY\n\nLeucodystrophy refers to progressive degeneration of the white matter of the brain clue to imperfect growth or development of the myelin sheath, the fatty covering that acts as an insulator around nerve fibre.\nMyelin which lends its color to the white matter of the brain, is a complex substance made up of at least ten different chemicals.\nThe leucodystrophy are a group of disorders that are caused by genetic defects in hoW myelin produces or metabolizes these chemicals.\nEach of the leucodystrophies in the result of a defect in the gene that controls one (and only one) of the chemicals. Specific leusodystrophies include -\nMetachroinatic leucodystrophy\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u2751 Adrenoleucodystrophy\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \n\n\u200b\u2751 Canavan disease\n\nKrabbe's disease\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u2751 Pelizaeus-Merzhacher disease\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u200b\u00a0\u2751\u00a0Alexander disease\n\n\nSymptoms vary according to the specific type of leucodystrophy and may be difficult to recognize in the early stages of the disease.\n\nCanavan's disease \n\nAutosomal recessive disorder\nCaused due to deficiency of the enzyme N-Aspertoacylase.\nThis leads to accumulation of N-Acetyl aspartic acid in brain and urine.\nIt is characterized by the clinical traid of --> Hypotonia, Head lag, Macrocephaly \n\n\u200b\u200bAdrenoleucodvstrophy\n\nX-linked recessive disorder\nCaused due to deficiency of AcyI-C'oA synthetase.\nOnset is about 5-10 years\nMain symptoms are ataxia, spasticity, motor deficits, cortical blindness.\nMarocephaly is not a key feature \nMetachromatic leucodystrophy \nAutosomal recessive disorder\nCaused due to Arylsulfatase A deficiency\nOnset is in the 2nd year.\nSymptoms are into-ordination, especially gait disturbance, then general regression, optic atrophy, combined upper and lower motor neuron signs.\nMarocephaly usually late. \nKrabbe leucodvstrophy\nAutosomal recessive\nCaused due to deficiency of Beta-galactosidase deficiency\nOnset is in the first 6 months of life\nOptic atrophy, spasticity\nHead often small","cop":3,"opa":"Metachromatic leucodystrophy","opb":"Adrenoleukodystrophy","opc":"Canavan's disease","opd":"Krabbe's disease","subject_name":"Pediatrics","topic_name":null,"id":"062bbde6-1097-4f2f-a08e-1b055158bbc1","choice_type":"single"}840{"question":"According to wein if there is bone resorption but no tooth resorption then substract \u2026\u2026..from the radiographic length","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"1mm","opb":"1.5 mm","opc":"2mm","opd":"2.5 mm","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"e742171b-eafc-4b8c-95e0-024b36b166b4","choice_type":"single"}841{"question":"The 3 embryonic germ layers: ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm are derived from:","exp":"All three embryonic germ layers (ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm) are derived from the epiblast only. The hypoblast contributes to the development of the extraembryonic mesoderm and yolk sac and plays a key role in signaling to establish axial patterning in the embryo itself","cop":1,"opa":"Epiblast only","opb":"Ectoderm from epiblast; mesoderm and endoderm from hypoblast","opc":"Ectoderm and mesoderm from epiblast; endoderm from hypoblast","opd":"Hypoblast only","subject_name":"Anatomy","topic_name":null,"id":"eb41d147-19ed-4497-906a-8997f8979545","choice_type":"single"}842{"question":"A patient presented with acute exacerbation of bronchial asthma. Salbutamol inhalation didn't improve the condition of the patient. So, intravenous coicosteroids and aminophylline were added and the condition improved. What is the mechanism of action of coicosteroids in this condition?","exp":"Ans. b. They increase bronchial responsiveness to salbutamol Coicosteroids has a dual effect in acute asthma with an early facilitator effect on airway beta-2 adrenoreceptor sensitivity and a later effect on airway inflammation, which fuher emphasizes the need fir coicosteroids to he administered as early as possible during an acute asthma attack.\"he molecular mechanism of action of coicosteroids involves several effects on the inflammatory process. The major effect of coicosteroids is to switch off the transcription of multiple activated genes that encode inflammatory proteins such as cytokines, chemokines, adhesion molecules, and inflammatory enzymes. This effect involves several mechanisms, including inhibition of the transcription factor NF-KB, but an impoant mechanism is recruitment of HDAC2 to the inflammatory gene complex, which reverses the histone acetylation associated with increased gene transcription. Coicosteroids also activate anti-inflammatory genes, such as mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase phosphatase-1, and increase the expression of IQ-receptors. Most of the metabolic and endocrine side effects of coicosteroids are also mediated through transcriptional activation.","cop":2,"opa":"They cause bronchodilatation when given with xanthines","opb":"They increase bronchial responsiveness to salbutamol","opc":"They increase the action of aminophylline on adenosine receptors","opd":"They increase the mucociliary clearance","subject_name":"Pharmacology","topic_name":null,"id":"8788091c-a8ef-4155-a7a3-8e85d643f856","choice_type":"single"}843{"question":"A mucostatic impression for a prosthesis is taken for which of the following cases","exp":null,"cop":3,"opa":"Lower RPD with Kennedy I classification","opb":"Lower RPD with Kennedy II Classification","opc":"Upper RPD with Kennedy IV classification","opd":"Full upper and lower denture","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"a5a27cc1-caa6-4a00-b359-d8f37e0181b3","choice_type":"single"}844{"question":"In sequencing for panfacial trauma, requires the first reduction and fixation of:","exp":null,"cop":4,"opa":"Mandible","opb":"ZMC","opc":"NOE region with frontal bone fracture","opd":"First can be any of the above but it should end with maxilla","subject_name":"Surgery","topic_name":null,"id":"fded17fa-a604-4072-93c3-2305305f31ac","choice_type":"multi"}845{"question":"The best preferred biochemical marker for MI","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"CPK MM","opb":"CPK MB","opc":"CPK BB","opd":"All of the above","subject_name":"Medicine","topic_name":null,"id":"6b0bb8d1-376d-4aea-a09a-558cef276dee","choice_type":"multi"}846{"question":"Reichert's cartilage is:","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"1st arch cartilage.","opb":"2nd arch cartilage.","opc":"3rd arch cartilage.","opd":"4th arch cartilage.","subject_name":"Anatomy","topic_name":null,"id":"e45de692-f95a-4443-8eda-0fbe5b2626a9","choice_type":"single"}847{"question":"An epithelial lining is typically found in all of the following except:","exp":null,"cop":3,"opa":"Sinuses","opb":"Fistulae","opc":"Aneurismal bone cysts","opd":"Keratocytes","subject_name":"Pathology","topic_name":null,"id":"bb4fff0d-9fcd-43d1-8f46-b3ca1ce58cd2","choice_type":"multi"}848{"question":"A girl is has white hair. 40% of her classmates are also suffering from the same problem. None of the other people from the same village have white hair. Her brother who is staying with an aunt in the neighbouring village is also normal and does not have white hair. Which of the following explains the probable cause of her white hair?","exp":"Ans. a. EnvironmentalA girl and 40% of her classmates are suffering from white hair. Her brother who is staying with an aunt in the neighboring village is normal and does not have white hair. In the given question, as the girl and many of her classmates (from a single geographical area, in this case, the school) have developed grey hair, the most likely cause would be environmental.Similarly, as many other children from the same school have white hair, the cause is also unlikely to be nutritional.As the girl's brother living in a different village does not have white hair, the cause of the white hair is unlikely to be genetic","cop":1,"opa":"Environmental","opb":"Genetic","opc":"Nutritional","opd":"Infection","subject_name":"Social & Preventive Medicine","topic_name":null,"id":"05984a75-d9af-4a87-8ac5-824576bf0d9f","choice_type":"multi"}849{"question":"Non- working contact is needed in all except:","exp":"In natural dentition non working contact is most damaging hence should be removed as soon as possible.","cop":1,"opa":"Natural dentition.","opb":"Complete denture.","opc":"Distal extension RPDs","opd":"None.","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"e7b48941-5b2f-44c8-b52d-174c1ef47eec","choice_type":"multi"}850{"question":"Which of the following is true?","exp":"1. Bronchial asthma pt. we have to avoid b - blockers, therefore , latanoprost cannot be used in bronchial asthma. Latanoprost can be used in: Herpes Uveitis Cystoid macular edema 2. Topiramate is a sulfa derivative They increase the vascularity of the cilio choroidal circulation due to which the ciliary body and choroid plexus swells up and it pushes the lense forward and it blocks the angle by pushing the iris forward leading to drug induced angle closure glaucoma. 3. Methazolamide is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor Increases the ocular blood flow Used in low tension glaucoma 4. Central scotoma - seen in optic neuritis \/ toxic neuritis \/ toxic amblyopia. 5. Paracentral scotoma - seen in open angle glaucoma.","cop":2,"opa":"Latanoprost is used with caution in patients of bronchial asthma","opb":"Topiramate can cause bilateral angle closure glaucoma","opc":"Methazolamide causes decrease in ocular blood flow","opd":"Central scotoma is seen in open angle glaucoma","subject_name":"Ophthalmology","topic_name":"AIIMS 2019","id":"c02f03a6-ff92-4236-9883-f9e7bf1e02df","choice_type":"multi"}851{"question":"A Patient is having Ph- 7.12, HCO3- 28 and PCO2- S0mmhg. What is the acid base disorder in this patient?","exp":"Ans: C. Respiratory acidosis with renal compensationpH-7.12 so its acidosis.PCO2 is 5o mmHg (normal range 35-45 mmHg) which is higher than the normal s\/o respiratory acidosis.HCO3- is 28 mmol\/L (18-24 mmol\/L) which is higher than the normal range s\/o metabolic compensated alkalosis.","cop":3,"opa":"Metabolic acidosis with respiratory compensation","opb":"Metabolic alkalosis with respiratory compensation","opc":"Respiratory acidosis with renal compensation","opd":"Respiratory alkalosis with renal compensation","subject_name":"Medicine","topic_name":null,"id":"09a9c89f-3985-4790-9278-aee1710c59eb","choice_type":"single"}852{"question":"Fibroblasts in cell-rich zone primarily secretes:","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Type I collagen","opb":"Type VI collagen","opc":"Type V collagen","opd":"Type IV collagen","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"3093a760-fb59-4adb-acf4-736f5aed7e02","choice_type":"single"}853{"question":"A young female patient presents with jaundice and elevated liver enzymes. She has a history of two smilar episodes in the past. Her serum ANA was 1:40 and IgG was 2400 IU. Her serum copper levels were normal and viral markers were negative. A liver biopsy was carried out and based on the pathology repo, you treated her with immunosuppressants and the patient's condition improved. What was the most likely finding on pathology repo to suggest the treatment?","exp":"Ans. c. Autoimmune hepatitisMany of the clinicalfeatures of autoimmune hepatitis are similar to those described for chronic viral hepatitiso.. Fatigue, malaise, anorexia, amenorrhea, acne, ahralgias, and jaundice are commono.. Occasionally ahritis, maculopapular eruptions (including cutaneous vasculitis), erythema nodosum' colitis'pleurisy pericarditis, anemia, azotemiao and sicca syndromeType I autoimmune hepatitis- Associated with marked hyperglobulinemia, lupoid features, circulating ANAsa' andHLA-DR3 or HLA-DR4 (especially BB-DRB1-03).Associated autoantibodies: Autoantibodies against actin as well as atypical pANCAType ll autoimmune hepatitis- Linked to HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DQBI haplotypesAssociated with anti-LKMIType lll autoimmune hepatitis- These patients lack ANA and anti-LKMI but have circulating antibodies to solubleliver antigen\/liver pancreas antigen","cop":3,"opa":"Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis","opb":"Hemosiderosis","opc":"Autoimmune hepatitis","opd":"Primary biliary cirrhosis","subject_name":"Medicine","topic_name":null,"id":"ad3f328f-72a0-4539-be89-1c9b6cce07f6","choice_type":"single"}854{"question":"On applying pressure on angle of jaw while maintaining patent airway which nerve is likely to be damaged:","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"6th","opb":"7th","opc":"4th","opd":"9th","subject_name":"Anatomy","topic_name":null,"id":"e9b1a950-b8d0-4c61-8c49-97a7f246c212","choice_type":"single"}855{"question":"Which is not present in porcelain:","exp":null,"cop":4,"opa":"Silica","opb":"Feldspar","opc":"Calcium carbonate","opd":"Amorphous material","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"1cd8474b-6560-484d-b733-9ba499981029","choice_type":"single"}856{"question":"For data of \"GLOBOCAN 2012\" screening examination for carcinoma of lip incidence was measured. Which of the following is measured for data collection worldwide:","exp":"GLOBOCAN 2012 \n\nMain aim was providing world wise estimate separately for sex- and age-specific on incidence, prevalence and mortality from major types of cancer, at national level","cop":3,"opa":"Age specific only","opb":"Age specific with demographics","opc":"Age specific with gender","opd":"Age specific with growth rate","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"2dead4a7-7dc8-4527-9779-170a5174143e","choice_type":"single"}857{"question":"Which of the following is a schedule X drug?","exp":"Ans. C. Ketamine* The following are the Schedule X drugs mentioned in the Drugs and Cosmetics Rules 1945: Amobarbital, Amphetamine, Barbital, Cyclobarbital, Dexamphetamine, Ethchlorvynol, Glutethimide, Meprobamate, Methamphetamine, Methylphenidate, Methylphenobarbital, Phencyclidine, Phenmetrazine, Secobarbital.","cop":3,"opa":"Thalidomide","opb":"Colistin","opc":"Ketamine","opd":"Halothane","subject_name":"Pharmacology","topic_name":null,"id":"d42801fb-0724-4137-b72a-3eb0d50fc9f1","choice_type":"single"}858{"question":"Diffuse mottling of retina with focal areas of increased and decreased pigmentation between posterior pole and equator (Salt and pepper retinopathy) is observed in all of the following except:","exp":"Ans. a. Resolving retinal detachment (Ref: Kanki 7th\/657- 666, Yanoffs 3rd\/560-567)Salt and Pepper Fundus is a nonspecific term to describe areas of hypopigmentation due to atrophic retinal changes (salt) with pigmentary alterations from pigment migration (pepper) in large poions of retina.Causes of Salt and Pepper Fundus:Rubella (Congenital)Syphillis (Congenital)Leber amaurosis (Congenital)Mayous Batten disease (Maculo-cerebral facial degeneration)Phenothiazine toxicityRetinal dystrophiesFundus flavimaculatus (Stargardt's Disease)AlbinismRetinitis PigmentosaCystinosis","cop":1,"opa":"Resolving retinal detachment","opb":"Phenothiazine toxicity","opc":"Congenital rubella","opd":"Fundus flavimaculatus","subject_name":"Ophthalmology","topic_name":null,"id":"2ecfb0bc-1db8-4ec2-9b0c-c5825f3b0ed9","choice_type":"multi"}859{"question":"Birth weight of a baby can be increased by:","exp":"\u201cSmoking is the single most preventable cause of IUGR in infants born in the united states\u2014women who quit smoking at 7 months gestation have newborns with higher mean birthweights than do women who smoke throughout the pregnancy. Women who quit smoking before 16 weeks of gestation are not at any increased risk for an IUGR infant.\u201d\nCOGDT 10\/e, p 293\nThe answer is further supported by Williams 24\/e, p 882\n\u201cIn prevention of fetal growth restriction \u2013 smoking cessation is critical\u201d\nWilliams 24\/e, p 882","cop":1,"opa":"Cessation of smoking","opb":"Aspirin","opc":"Ca++  and vitamin D supplement","opd":"Bed rest","subject_name":"Gynaecology & Obstetrics","topic_name":null,"id":"21618a55-4eaf-457c-a8fa-a1a2149c566a","choice_type":"single"}860{"question":"Z tracking technique is used in?","exp":"Z track technique Used for giving i.m. injections. In this technique, the skin and tissue are pulled and held firmly while injection is given, and after removing the needle, skin and tissue are released. This prevents tracking (leakage) of the medication into the subcutaneous tissue (underneath the skin) as the track that needle forms is zig zag and drug can't come out.","cop":1,"opa":"Administering long acting antipsychotic","opb":"Lithium monitoring","opc":"Carbamazepine monitoring","opd":"Nicotine patch","subject_name":"Psychiatry","topic_name":"AIIMS 2019","id":"7c9b4d7b-6290-430f-a097-96d88c65ecd8","choice_type":"single"}861{"question":"Ex-Press glaucoma implant is made up of?","exp":"Ans. d. Stainless steelIt is made of made of surgical-grade stainless steel, nonvalved filtration device designed to shunt aqueous humor from the anterior chamber to a subconjunctival filtration bleb.The EX-PRESS Glaucoma Filtration Device is intended to reduce IOP in glaucoma patients when medication and conventional surgical treatments have failed.The device channels aqueous humor through a secure lumen (of either 50 mm or 200 mm) to a half-thickness scleral flap, creating a subconjunctival filtration bleb.It is a minimally invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS) to increase aqueous drainage.It has lower complications of ocular hypotony.The commonly used devices are as follows: Shunts using episcleral explants:* Ahmed glaucoma valve: Silicone* Molteno implant: Polypropelene plate and silicone plate* Baerveldt implant: Silicone Mini-shunts:* Ex-Press(tm) Mini-Shunt: Stainless steel * iStent(r): Titanium","cop":4,"opa":"Silicone","opb":"Titanium","opc":"Gold","opd":"Stainless steel","subject_name":"Ophthalmology","topic_name":null,"id":"eaa184bf-53c5-4755-bee8-a9153e587ff0","choice_type":"single"}862{"question":"A child presents with high grade fever, inspiratory stridor and develops swallowing difficulty with drooling of saliva since last 4-6 hours. Which of the following treatment is recommended apa from general airway management?","exp":"ACUTE EPIGLOTTITIS- The classical presentation of acute epiglottitis is welldescribed. It is of a toxic child with a sho history of sorethroat, inspiratory stridor, muffled voice and droolingdue to odynophagia and dysphagia. Left untreated thereis progressive respiratory distress. The child is febrile. It is commonest between the ages of 2 and 8 Nebulized epinephrine (1mL of 1 in 1000 epinephrinediluted in 3mL of 0.9% saline) has an established role inthe acute paediatric airway in reducing mucosal oedemaby an alpha-agonist effect causing vasoconstriction andbronchodilation; a maximum effect is achieved within30-60 minutes. It may postpone or eliminate the need for an aificial airway, or give symptomaticrelief until effective treatment can be given.","cop":1,"opa":"Nebulized racemic epinephrine","opb":"Anti-diphtheria toxin","opc":"Coicosteroids","opd":"IV ceftriaxone","subject_name":"ENT","topic_name":"AIIMS 2020","id":"2267ecd3-7b7f-4416-86f8-5ef2312e643e","choice_type":"multi"}863{"question":"A measure of location which divides the distribution the ratio of 3:1 is:","exp":null,"cop":3,"opa":"Median","opb":"First quartile","opc":"Third quartile","opd":"Mode","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"68dbef49-f5dd-4ac7-9e00-4afd8d357f70","choice_type":"single"}864{"question":"Rearrange the sequence of hand washing: a. b. c. d.","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"a,c,d,b","opb":"b,c,a,d","opc":"d,a,c,b","opd":"c,a,b,d","subject_name":"Surgery","topic_name":"AIIMS 2019","id":"ba4749e2-e5f5-4a98-8663-2b703e280c6c","choice_type":"single"}865{"question":"A patient presents to your clinic for evaluation of defective hearing. Rinne's test shows air conduction greater than the bone conduction on both sides with Weber test lateralized to right ear. What is the next logical step?","exp":"Ans: B. Schwabach's test(Ref Dhingra 7\/e p23, 5\/e p25-27)Lateralization of Weber's test to right implies either right-sided conductive deafness or left sided sensorineural deafness.Now in conductive deafness bone conduction is better than air conduction in Rinnie's test, hence the patient probably has sensorineural deafness involving the left ear, as per the findings of Rinnie's and Weber tests.In such a case, Schwabach's test should be performed to see the absolute bone.","cop":2,"opa":"Normal test","opb":"Schwabach's test","opc":"Repeat Rinne's test on right side","opd":"Wax removal","subject_name":"ENT","topic_name":null,"id":"d8b1befc-377a-4e40-aef2-3bca58710670","choice_type":"multi"}866{"question":"Phenol red thread test is used for dry eye:","exp":"Ans: A. In the test, volume of tears is measured as it changes color on contact with tears(Ref: Yanoff & Duker 4\/e p277)Phenol red dye test measures the production of tears without topical anesthesia, as the dye changes its color to red on contact with tears.It doesn't require pH ureter for reading the result.Phenol red is a pH indicator used in cell biopsy as it changes colour from yellow to red on pH range from 6.8 to 8.2.Used to measure residual tears in inferior conjunctival sac, especially in dry eye patients.","cop":1,"opa":"In the test, volume of tears is measured as it changes color on contact with tears","opb":"If the color changes to blue, it depicts surface mucin deficiency","opc":"Requires pH meter for reading the result","opd":"Requires topical anesthetic agent","subject_name":"Ophthalmology","topic_name":null,"id":"eaa33fd8-64a3-47a0-b13c-2b49a1f0e37f","choice_type":"single"}867{"question":"Specific plaque hypothesis state that","exp":null,"cop":4,"opa":"All plaque is pathogenic","opb":"Only specific micro-organisms are responsible for pathogenicity of plaque","opc":"Only specific microbes cause caries","opd":"Plaque is pathogenic only when signs of associated disease are present","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"a8ac17a8-7d55-4708-a9d9-fb7b1c05fe1f","choice_type":"multi"}868{"question":"Organism which causes bacterial endocarditis:","exp":null,"cop":3,"opa":"Lacto bacillus","opb":"Streptococcus sanguis","opc":"Streptococcus viridans","opd":"Streptococcus pyogenes","subject_name":"Medicine","topic_name":null,"id":"07de25a2-48ee-4f13-883f-78f9f34656fc","choice_type":"single"}869{"question":"Which of the following alloys has the highest surface roughness?","exp":"The surface of NiTi is rougher (because of surface defects, not the quality of polishing) than that of beta-Ti, which in turn is rougher than steel.\nHowever, there is little or no correlation for orthodontic wires between the coefficients of friction and surface roughness. (i.e., interlocking and plowing are not significant components of the total frictional resistance).\n\nRef: Profitt 4th edition page 378","cop":3,"opa":"Stainless steel","opb":"Elgiloy","opc":"NiTi","opd":"TMA","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"2556604f-14dc-456a-aafb-41416638fd16","choice_type":"multi"}870{"question":"An infant presented with the following lesions on his face and limbs. Which of the following is the most likely causative organism?","exp":"Hand foot and mouth disease can be caused by Coxsackie virus A16, Coxsackie virus B and Enterovirus 71. It is characterized by oral and pharyngeal ulcerations and vesicular rashes of the palms and soles which heal without crusting.","cop":3,"opa":"HSV","opb":"HPV","opc":"Coxsackie","opd":"CMV","subject_name":"Microbiology","topic_name":"AIIMS 2017","id":"176fbf9b-b17d-4a54-9e1e-e3a312424349","choice_type":"single"}871{"question":"Which of the following cannot be diagnosed without positive ANA?","exp":"Repeated negative testing for ANA indicates least chances of having SLE. ANA is positive in 98% of patients with SLE Limited form of scleroderma known as CREST has anti centromere antibody positive and generalized form has anti topoisomerase positive antibody Anti histone antibodies are positive in drug induced lupus Anti SS-A (RO) antibodies and anti SS-B(LA) antibodies are positive in Sjogren's Syndrome","cop":2,"opa":"Drug induced lupus","opb":"SLE","opc":"Sjogren syndrome","opd":"Scleroderma","subject_name":"Pathology","topic_name":"AIIMS 2018","id":"bccac3f6-359f-4795-93a7-1b32d014bce0","choice_type":"single"}872{"question":"Lesions of oral tuberculosis are associated with all the following except:","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"Central caseation","opb":"Hyaline degeneration","opc":"Giant cells in the center","opd":"Presence of epithelioid cells","subject_name":"Pathology","topic_name":null,"id":"2dea3df1-9183-4646-beb5-dd5604fde134","choice_type":"multi"}873{"question":"Which of the following statement is true as far as spring back bending of super-elastic NiTi and non-super elastic NiTI wires is concern?","exp":"Springback\u2014The amount of elastic strain that a metal can recover when loaded to and unloaded from its yield strength; an important property of orthodontic wires.\nReference: Phillips 12th ed page no 396","cop":1,"opa":"Spring back in bending is much greater for superelastic NiTi wires than non-superelastic NiTi","opb":"Spring back in bending is much lesser for superelastic NiTi wires than non-superelastic","opc":"Spring back in bending is same for superelastic Nill wires as well as non-superelastic NiTi wires","opd":"No comparison can be made between the spring back in bending of these two wires","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"f9bbeea9-85b5-48b9-ad6b-ed9466581c8a","choice_type":"multi"}874{"question":"Intra-epithelial bulla are found in","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Pemphigus","opb":"Bullous pemphigoid","opc":"Bullous Lichen planus","opd":"Pemphigoid","subject_name":"Pathology","topic_name":null,"id":"3645e915-e8a7-44fe-8cad-734ce6b71063","choice_type":"single"}875{"question":"Kraissl's lines arc:","exp":"Answer- D. Relaxed tension lines in skinKraissl's lines are essentially exaggerated wrinkle lines obtained by studying the loose skin of elderly faces whilst contracting the muscles of facial expression These lines for the most pa correspond to Relaxed skin tension lines (RSTLs), but slight variation exists on the face, especially on the lateral side of the nose, the lateral aspect of the orbit, and the chin.","cop":4,"opa":"Collagen and elastin lines in stab wounds","opb":"Point of maximum tension in a fracture","opc":"Point of tension in hanging","opd":"Relaxed tension lines in skin","subject_name":"Surgery","topic_name":null,"id":"1e9be6b2-83f1-44ff-8491-077a14501d6e","choice_type":"single"}876{"question":"A surgeon decides to operate a patient of carcinoma cecum and perform a right hemicolectomy through a midline laparotomy approach. You have been instructed to prepare the pas of the patient for surgery. What will you do?","exp":"Ans: A. Clean and drape from the level of nipple to mid-thighArea of Cleaning & Draping in SurgeriesCranial surgeryDepends upon surgeonThyroid or neck surgeryChin to nipple with shoulder & axilladegEye surgeryCut eyelashes of affected eyeNasal surgeryNo shaving unless with mustacheEar surgeryTwo & half inches around eardegChest surgeryBase of neck to waist, axilla & inner armdegAbdominal & pelvic surgeryBase of neck to waist, axilla & inner armdegKidney-anteriorNipple to perineum, side to side; supra scapular region to buttocksVaginal, scrotal, rectal surgeryWaist to perineum plus anterior & inner aspect of thigh & 6 inches from groin; posterior?entire buttocks & anusdegLower extremitiesDigits 2 inches above knee, entire extremity and groindegUpper extremitiesDistal arm 2 inches above elbow, elbow up to axilladeg","cop":1,"opa":"Clean and drape from the level of nipple to mid-thigh","opb":"Clean and drape from chin to knee","opc":"Clean and drape from umbilicus to mid-thigh","opd":"Clean and drape from rib cage to inguinal regions","subject_name":"Surgery","topic_name":null,"id":"36b43626-f928-486f-b724-abecea127f62","choice_type":"single"}877{"question":"Human Developmental Index is a composite measure, which uses?","exp":"Ans: D. Life expectancy at bih, knowledge and decent standard of living.(Ref Park 24\/e p17, 23\/e p17)Human Development Index (HDI):Published on 4 November 2010.Updated on 10 June 2011.Composite statistic of life expectancy, education & income indices.Used to rank countries into 4 tiers of human development. 2010 HDI Repo:Combines three dimensions:A long & healthy life: Life expectancy at bih.Education index: Mean years of schooling and Expected years of schooling.A decent standard of living: GNI per capita (PPP US$).","cop":4,"opa":"Life expectancy at age one, literacy and infant moality","opb":"Freedom, spice and right to express oneself","opc":"Life expectancy at bih, infant moality and quality of life","opd":"Life expectancy at bih, knowledge and decent standard of living.","subject_name":"Social & Preventive Medicine","topic_name":null,"id":"bbb8ca0b-54ed-4f08-a87d-8eef087e37f1","choice_type":"single"}878{"question":"NESTROFT test is a screening test for \u2013","exp":"NESTROFT ( Naked Eye Single Tube Red Cell Osmotic Fragility Test) is a screening test for detection of beta thalassemia trait.\n\nThalassemia screening\n\nWidespead prevlence of thalessemia has led to a pressing demand for community, screening.\nVarious methods for screening of thalassemia trait are available which include peripheral smear examination, RBC indices, 1VIeintzer's fraction, discriminant functions, NESTROFT etc.\nNESTROFT TEST is used in many centres in India for screening of thalassemia trait.\nIf mother is NESTROFT positive, the confirmatory test for HbA2 is done for mother and the father is subjected to screening by NESTROFT. If father is also NESTROFT positive, confirmatory test for HbA2 is done for father.\nIf both the parents have thalessemia trait, there is 1:4 chance of fetus having thalassemia major.\nTherefore, prenatal diagnosis is done by chorionic villus sampling (CVS) in first trimester.\nIf CVS confirms the fetus to be having thalasemia major, termination of pregnancy is indicated after counseling the parents.\nIf the fetus has thalassemia minor (trait) pregnancy is continued as such and baby will have normal lifespan.\nIt is worth noting here that a positive NESTROFT test is seen in other conditions beside beta thalassemia trait. These are iron deficiency anemia, alpha thalassemia trait, homozygous and heterozygous HbE, HbS as well as hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin.\n\nTherefore, a positive NESTROFT test should always be followed by a confirmatory test for HBA2 ( eg. serum electrophoresis).","cop":1,"opa":"\u03b2\u2013thalassemia","opb":"Hereditary spherocytosis","opc":"Autoimmune hemolytic anemia","opd":"Megaloblastic anemia","subject_name":"Pediatrics","topic_name":null,"id":"0c4f5b5b-25ec-459f-9872-a01bc925f211","choice_type":"single"}879{"question":"Difference between the size of the cranium and the cephalogram is:","exp":null,"cop":3,"opa":"No difference","opb":"5% reduction","opc":"5% enlargement","opd":"10% enlargement","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"775d389d-8a07-4e40-bfd4-3e49674ee0e7","choice_type":"single"}880{"question":"Which amino acid does not include post translational modification?","exp":"Selenocysteine (21st amino acid) & Pyrrolysine (22nd amino acid) Formed by co-translational modification Not by post-translational modifications. Selenocysteine and Pyrrolysine 21st amino acid-Selenocysteine- UGA 22nd amino acid - Pyrrolysine - UAG Both UGA, UAG are stop codon but co-translational modification can give rise to amino acid selenocysteine and pyrrolysine. co-translational modification. Enzymes that use selenocysteine as their active sites are called Seleno Proteins. Selenocysteine containing proteins: Glutathione peroxidase Thioredoxin reductase selenoprotein P 5' deiodinases","cop":1,"opa":"Selenocystiene","opb":"Triiodothyronine","opc":"Hydroxy-proline","opd":"Hydroxy-lysine","subject_name":"Biochemistry","topic_name":"AIIMS 2017","id":"b69b1f70-e671-41d6-9f11-a788d34498db","choice_type":"single"}881{"question":"A politician is shot in the back during a rally at level of T8 veebral immediately after the shot he loses all the sensation below level of lesion. Chance of regeneration of spinal cord due to the fact that injured nerve is not able to regenerate is due to reason all except:","exp":"Ans. d. Lack of myelin inhibiting substance(Ref GanonGr 90; Clinical Box 4-)Following CNS injuries several events which provide inappropriate environment for regeneration are: (Ganong 23\/e p90) Astrocytic proliferation)Activation of microgliaScar formationInflammationInvasion of immune cellsCNS neurons do not have the growth promoting chemical needed for the regenerationCNS myelin is a potent inhibitor of axonal growthAxon Regeneration in CNSThe proximal stump of a damaged axon in the CNS will form sho sprouts, but distant stump recovery is rare, and the damaged axons are unlikely to form new synapses. This is because:CNS neurons do not have the growth promoting chemical needed for the regenerationCNS myelin is a potent inhibitor of axonal growth.That is why treatment of brain and spinal cord injuries frequently focuses on rehabilitation rather than reversing the nerve damage. Following CNS injuries, several events which provide inappropriate environment for regeneration are:Astrocytic proliferationActivation of microgliaformationInflammationInvasion of immune cellsNew research is aiming to identify ways to initiate and maintain axonal growth, to direct regenerating axons to reconnect with their target neurons and to reconstitute original neuronal circuit.","cop":4,"opa":"Lack of endoneural tubes","opb":"Lack of growth factors","opc":"Presence of glial scar","opd":"Lack of myelin inhibiting substance","subject_name":"Physiology","topic_name":null,"id":"1a9cdc6b-3c9c-44a2-95d1-68461bf113fc","choice_type":"multi"}882{"question":"Enzyme that catalyses the transfer of a molecule group from one molecule to another is:","exp":null,"cop":3,"opa":"Oxidases","opb":"Oxidases","opc":"Transferases","opd":"Lipases","subject_name":"Biochemistry","topic_name":null,"id":"ad581666-9c58-4d4a-a9df-8c4743715a53","choice_type":"single"}883{"question":"Bacteria are populated most commonly on","exp":null,"cop":3,"opa":"Buccal surface","opb":"Lingual surface","opc":"Interproximal surface","opd":"Occlusal surface","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"68959730-36e4-462f-9827-92a56492b645","choice_type":"single"}884{"question":"Stretch fibers are present in striated muscle, innervation is carried by","exp":null,"cop":4,"opa":"A delta fiber","opb":"C fiber","opc":"unmyelinated fiber","opd":"Gamma fiber","subject_name":"Physiology","topic_name":null,"id":"66d7e017-f2f8-4325-8333-07c45a2fa0e7","choice_type":"single"}885{"question":"Which film is used for caries detection? (or) Which film\nis used for caries detection in children?","exp":null,"cop":4,"opa":"D speed","opb":"E speed","opc":"B speed","opd":"F speed","subject_name":"Radiology","topic_name":null,"id":"f6bd6944-8c47-4037-8871-10855371a4c2","choice_type":"single"}886{"question":"Sending the parents outside the operatory and threatening the child that they won't be back until he stops crying-is an example of which of the following behavior management techniques:","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Omission","opb":"Negative reinforcement","opc":"Positive reinforcement","opd":"Modelling","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"b7507844-7679-49f9-a915-6a242af404d9","choice_type":"single"}887{"question":"Black deposits on conjunctiva in a patient with glaucoma are seen with the use of:","exp":"Ans: C. Epinephrine(Ref: Goodman Gilman 12\/e p286, 326; Katzung 13\/e p161, 12\/e p160; The Cornea by Smolin and Thoft's\/p504)Black deposits on conjunctiva in a patient with glaucoma are seen with use of epinephrine. Latanoprost is associated with iris hyperpigmentation.Epinephrine is unstable in alkaline solution; when exposed to air or light, it turns pink from oxidation to adrenochrome and then brown from formation of polymers.","cop":3,"opa":"Prostaglandins","opb":"Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors","opc":"Epinephrine","opd":"Beta blocker","subject_name":"Pharmacology","topic_name":null,"id":"17ca6005-346f-4f14-b1a3-430d3667d7f0","choice_type":"single"}888{"question":"Which is responsible for adhesion of platelet on exposed collagen fibril after an injury","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Von willebrand factor","opb":"Factor 8","opc":"Factor 9","opd":"Fibronectin","subject_name":"Pathology","topic_name":null,"id":"c29d1c1e-6e29-44f7-8057-35ff7101d0df","choice_type":"single"}889{"question":"Transformation into osteosarcoma is seen with","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Pagets disease and polyostotic fibrous dysplasia","opb":"Pagets disease and osteopetrosis","opc":"Cherubism and polyostotic fibrous dyspLasia","opd":"Cherubism and polyostotic fibrous dyspLasia","subject_name":"Pathology","topic_name":null,"id":"8dd0ea2a-17d4-497d-93a1-a6704930a0db","choice_type":"single"}890{"question":"Accessory canals are most numerous in apical third, which one is 2nd numerous in this regard","exp":"Apical third has accessory canals: 74% of cases\nCoronal 3rd have accessory canals: 15% of cases\nMiddle third has accessory canals: 11% of cases","cop":2,"opa":"Middle Third","opb":"Coronal Third","opc":"Both are equal","opd":"None of the above","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"2b368176-2ef0-4871-8ae4-b1daae990f34","choice_type":"multi"}891{"question":"Injury to which of the following vessels is least likely to result in significant damage:","exp":"Ans. c. Inferior mesenteric aeryInjury to inferior mesenteric aery is least likely to result in significant damage among the given options.Occlusion of the inferior mesenteric aery does not always result in irreversible ischaemia of the descending and sigmoid colon, because the marginal aery of the colon usually receives an adequate supply from the left branch of the middle colic aery.","cop":3,"opa":"Renal aery","opb":"Superior mesenteric aery","opc":"Inferior mesenteric aery","opd":"Celiac trunk","subject_name":"Surgery","topic_name":null,"id":"13ea1b71-7d4f-4dec-babf-485274305ed8","choice_type":"single"}892{"question":"A 65 year old edentulous patient is treated for squamous cell carcinoma involving 2\/3rd of tongue with 50 Gy radiation dose. Which of the following material is best for making impression in this patient?","exp":"The patient has undergone\u00a0radiation therapy,\u00a0which leads to xerostomia. Therefore, in this patient, hydrophilic impression material cannot be used. ZOE impression material\u00a0is also contraindicated in this\u00a0patient, since it\u00a0can adhere to mucosa and leads to ulceration on removal.\nSo, among the options provided, only polysulfide is the best suitable impression material for these kind of patients.","cop":1,"opa":"Polysulfide","opb":"Polyether","opc":"ZOE","opd":"Irreversible hydrocolloids","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"9f8d3d01-cb19-46e5-83d8-e8d33ae57020","choice_type":"single"}893{"question":"Tooth develops from: (Or) Calcified structures of\noral cavity develops from","exp":"Most of skeletal and connective tissues with exception of enamel are derived from ectomesenchymal tissue. Enamel is derived from ectoderm only. Posterior part of oral cavity is formed from endoderm.","cop":1,"opa":"Ectoderm, mesoderm","opb":"Ectoderm","opc":"Mesoderm","opd":"Ectoderm and endoderm","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"a1e41d9c-2e03-4195-a5c9-73ee0ac1b8d1","choice_type":"single"}894{"question":"In a 5-year-old child with mandibular fracture, on a follow up recall after 2 months, what should be done to check the bone healing:","exp":"Clinically stable and symmetric bone, with a normal occlusion and a pain free chewing is indication enough for a completed bone healing in a child.","cop":4,"opa":"OPG at every 2 month till one year","opb":"NCCT","opc":"Single contrast CT","opd":"Clinical examination adequate","subject_name":"Surgery","topic_name":null,"id":"a94187fc-3135-4989-9cc3-e6d5bbce3044","choice_type":"multi"}895{"question":"Ciliocytophthoria caused by","exp":"Answer- C. Viral infectionIt is well known that acute inflammation of the upper airways are caused mainly by viruses, even though after the viral infection a bacterial overlapped infection follows, paly ored by the cytopathic effect of the virus itself on the mucosa.","cop":3,"opa":"Kaagener syndrome","opb":"Fungal infection","opc":"Viral infection","opd":"Bacterial infection","subject_name":"Medicine","topic_name":null,"id":"655d0a62-bfc2-4ee9-a4c3-a40013303b4a","choice_type":"single"}896{"question":"The principal central action of caffeine is on the:","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Cerebral cortex","opb":"Corpus callosum","opc":"Hypothalamus","opd":"Spinal cord","subject_name":"Pharmacology","topic_name":null,"id":"c79bad3a-d97d-4d68-a696-79f136faf0d9","choice_type":"multi"}897{"question":"In root fracture of the apical one-thrid of permanent\nanterior teeth, the teeth usually","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"Discolor rapidly","opb":"Remain in function and are vital","opc":"Undergo papal necrosis and become ankylosed","opd":"Are indicated for extraction and prosthetic replacement","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"72be89e3-7ff0-486a-869f-30c9152486ed","choice_type":"multi"}898{"question":"Mode is","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Value that most frequently occurs in a set of observation","opb":"When observations are arranged in ascending or descending order the value that comes in the centre","opc":"Calculated by adding up the values of a group of items and dividing the sum by the number of items","opd":"Best measure for central tendency in a highly scented distribution","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"9948bff9-4412-403e-a7b4-bf3af5229ed8","choice_type":"single"}899{"question":"The base of an X-ray film is composed of:","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Polyester","opb":"Gelatin","opc":"Nylon","opd":"Bromide","subject_name":"Radiology","topic_name":null,"id":"71a97018-2620-4ead-8abe-20863683353d","choice_type":"single"}900{"question":"Location of MB2 in maxillary first molar","exp":null,"cop":4,"opa":"Distopalatal to MB1","opb":"Mesiobuccal to MB1","opc":"Distobuccal to MB1","opd":"Mesiopalatal to MB1","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"f61e8ed7-4156-466d-a4eb-57ae2dedb0c8","choice_type":"single"}901{"question":"Which of the following abnormalities can be diagnosed in the I st trimester of pregnancy?","exp":"Answer- A. Anencephaly\"Anencephaly is diagnosed by the absence of cranial vault (calvarium) and telencephalon. Brain tissue is angiomatous.Early diagnosis is possible at aboat 13 weeks","cop":1,"opa":"Anencephaly","opb":"Encephalocele","opc":"Meningocele","opd":"Microcephaly","subject_name":"Gynaecology & Obstetrics","topic_name":null,"id":"901769b9-8f5f-48e3-869a-879c1d57ad93","choice_type":"single"}902{"question":"A 50 years old female on junk food diet presented with point hemorrhages in scalp, bleeding in joints and erythemataous lesions in the skin. X-ray of knee joint was suggestive of hemahrosis. Problem lies with:","exp":"Answer- A. Hydroxylation of proline and lysineVitamin C is required for post-translational modification of lysine and proline in collagen synthesisHydroxyproline is formed by post-translational hydroxylation catalyzed by prolyl hydroxylase, whose cofactors are ascorbic acid and Keto- alpha glutarate.","cop":1,"opa":"Hydroxylation of proline and lysine","opb":"Carboxylation of glutamic acid","opc":"Carboxylation of coagulation factors","opd":"Platelet aggregation defect","subject_name":"Medicine","topic_name":null,"id":"288022ee-c8bd-42e6-8e0a-81838367119a","choice_type":"single"}903{"question":"In a 60 yr old hypertensive male with renal failure, renal biopsy shows onion skin appearance. The most likely diagnosis is","exp":null,"cop":3,"opa":"Hyaline arteriosclerosis","opb":"Thrombophlebitis obliterans","opc":"Hyperplastic arteriosclerosis","opd":"Arteriosclerosis obliterans","subject_name":"Pathology","topic_name":null,"id":"4eef4a6b-af8e-4472-9caa-95c1f1a415c8","choice_type":"single"}904{"question":"The inter-arch distance measured when the occlusal rims are in uniform contact is:","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"Freeway space","opb":"Vertical dimension of occlusion","opc":"Vertical dimension of rest","opd":"Christensen's space","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"c2370f77-cd2c-48e3-8b16-d0afe08d1a05","choice_type":"single"}905{"question":"Which of the following is used by RBCs in the fasting state?","exp":"Ans: A. GlucoseGlucose is used by RBCs in fasting state.OrganFedFastingStarvationBrainGlucoseGlucoseKetone bodiesHeaFatty Fatty acidsKetone bodiesLiverGlucoseFatty acidsAmino acidsMusclesGlucoseFatty acidsFatty acids & ketoneAdipose tissueGlucoseFatty acidsFatty acids & ketone RBCsGlucoseGlucose (Ref Harper 30\/e p146, 150, 28\/e p141).","cop":1,"opa":"Glucose","opb":"Alanine","opc":"Ketone body","opd":"Fatty acid","subject_name":"Biochemistry","topic_name":null,"id":"175da91c-e2bf-466d-9a4f-cd8a1b4003d2","choice_type":"single"}906{"question":"A condition where there is loss of interdental bone on facial and lingual plate, without involvement of radicular bone is:","exp":"Reversed Architecture\nReverse (or negative) alveolar bone architecture is the result of a loss\u00a0 of\u00a0 interdental\u00a0 bone,\u00a0 without\u00a0 a\u00a0 concomitant\u00a0 loss\u00a0 of\u00a0 radicular (buccal or lingual\/palatal) bone, thereby reversing the normal (or positive)\u00a0 architecture .\u00a0 Negative\u00a0 architecture\u00a0 is\u00a0 more common in the maxilla of patients with periodontitis.\nLedges\nLedges are plateau-like bone margins that are caused by the resorption of thickened bony plates .\nOsseous Craters\nOsseous craters are a specific type of two-wall defect; they present as concavities in the crest of the interdental bone that is confined within the facial and lingual walls. Craters have been found to make up about one-third (35.2%) of all defects and about two-thirds (62%) of all mandibular defects; they occur twice as often in posterior segments as in anterior segments.\nRef: Newman and Carranza\u2019s Clinical Periodontology, thirteenth edition; page no 325","cop":4,"opa":"Ledge","opb":"Crater","opc":"Intrabony defect","opd":"Reverse architecture","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"d061fd99-52bd-470b-a2c6-09b66b66cc8b","choice_type":"single"}907{"question":"Till what age tetracycline should not be given to prevent discoloration","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"3 year","opb":"8 year","opc":"12 year","opd":"18 year","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"d671e7e4-0614-4b11-8be3-2f453b05e38f","choice_type":"single"}908{"question":"A 50 year old tall thin smoker presents with dyspnoea and palpitations. ECG was done. Diagnosis:","exp":"Question mentions - H\/o smoker first thing that comes in mind is COPD & MC arrhythmia atrial fibrillation. We first see lead II on ECG RR approx. 1.5 and more towards left 2.5. HR=300\/1.5=200\/min Therefore, Patient suffers from tachycardia with variable RR interval. D\/D Atrial fibrillation Multifocal atrial tachycardia P wave absent P wave present Variable RR interval Therefore ruled out P wave varying amplitual and answer is MAT. Trick to solve: First check if patient has tachycardia\/bradycardia RR interval Narrow QRS suggests supraventricular tachycardia COPD is the reason for multifocal atrial tachycardia due to right ventricular strain causing RV enlargement causing right axis duration. Visible P wave variable amplitude RR interval changing Narrow QRS All point towards diagnosis of multifocal atrial tachycardia. Monomorphic VT is ruled out as it has broad QRS complex. Between MAT & AV nodal reentrant tachycardia the H\/o smokers narrows down the diagnosis to MAT.","cop":2,"opa":"Atrial fibrillation","opb":"Multifocal atrial tachycardia","opc":"AV nodal re-entrant tachycardia","opd":"Monomorphic VT","subject_name":"Medicine","topic_name":"AIIMS 2019","id":"a57f4abd-70df-4d6c-92b8-a8174bfa37da","choice_type":"multi"}909{"question":"Which of the following is not a feature of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis \u2013","exp":"Juvenile idiopathic arthritis\n\nJuvenile idiopathic arthritis is broad term that describes a clinically heterogenous group of arthritides of unknown cause, which begin before 16 years of age.\nThis term encompasses several disease categories : -\n\n1. Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (see previous explanations) : -\ni) Pauciarticular (oligoarticular) JRA\nii) Poly-articular JRA\n\nRA. factor (+) ye\nRA factor (-) ye\n\niii) Systemic JRA\n\nJuvenile psoriatic arthritis\nJuvenile enthesitis related arthritis (ERA)\n\n\u200bSubgroups of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIM","cop":4,"opa":"Rheumatoid nodule","opb":"Spikes of high fever","opc":"Uveitis","opd":"Raynaud's phenomenon","subject_name":"Pediatrics","topic_name":null,"id":"b8fad18b-75df-42b6-b06d-8902a10f6e16","choice_type":"single"}910{"question":"For an unbounded amalgam restoration, what should be done before copal varnish is applied ?","exp":"The use of a dentin desensitizer over the prepared tooth structure before placing amalgam is generally recommended.\u00a0\nThe dentin desensitizer is rubbed onto the prepared tooth surface for 30 seconds and excess moisture is removed without desiccating the dentin.\n\nSturdevant's Art and Science of Operative Dentistry. Edition 6. Page: 417","cop":1,"opa":"Dentine desensitiser is applied","opb":"Smear layer is left intact","opc":"Smear layer is modified","opd":"After removal of enamel smear layer only","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"44796bcd-ae11-44de-94da-6bcb502fcad6","choice_type":"single"}911{"question":"In CPITN index zero score means:","exp":null,"cop":3,"opa":"Gingival bleeding","opb":"Grade 1 mobility of teeth","opc":"Healthy tooth","opd":"Spontaneous bleeding","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"b807b86e-b050-49cb-9d49-a57279ab77b2","choice_type":"single"}912{"question":"A five year old male child presents with complaints of fever and abdominal distension. IIe is having vomiting for the last five days. On examination there are 6\u20138 Pus Cell\/hpf in urine. WBC count shows 78% neutrophils. What is the best line of management \u2013","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"Send urine for culture and sensitivity and wait for results","opb":"Send urine for culture and sensitivity and start I.V. antibiotics immediately","opc":"Send urine for culture, do an USG and start chloroquine","opd":"Radio nucleotide studies","subject_name":"Pediatrics","topic_name":null,"id":"61d50780-6165-4945-ad76-ef08e193ec57","choice_type":"single"}913{"question":"A doctor who performed the autopsy on a 26-year-old married woman, committing suicide found the cause of death to be aluminium phosphide poisoning. She was summoned in a cou of law where he willingly hides this information. This is punishable under which section?","exp":"Ans: A. IPC 193(Ref: Reaco 34\/e p I 3, 33\/e p392; Textbooi, on the Indian Penal Code by Krishna 1) Gaur 4\/e p594; the-Indian-penal-code-pdfd74214920)Section 193 - In Indian Penal Code deals with punishment for giving false evidence.","cop":1,"opa":"IPC 193","opb":"CrPC 175","opc":"CrPC 69","opd":"IPC 189","subject_name":"Forensic Medicine","topic_name":null,"id":"1ec93a8b-e2dd-4468-bee1-74100f803516","choice_type":"single"}914{"question":"Loading dose MgSO4 (IV) to be prepared as","exp":"Loading dose of Mgso4: Total: 14 gms Ampule commercially available is: Each 2 ml of injection (50%) = 1 gm of MgSO4 4 gm I\/V as a 20 % solution that is 4 ampules (8 mL=4 gm) + 12 mL NS making it 20 % solution + 10 gm I\/M (5gm IM in each buttock as 50 % solution)","cop":2,"opa":"4 ml 50% w\/v plus 16 ml NS","opb":"8 ml 50% w\/v plus 12 ml NS","opc":"12 ml 50% w\/v plus 8 ml NS","opd":"16 ml 50% w\/v plus 4 ml NS","subject_name":"Gynaecology & Obstetrics","topic_name":"AIIMS 2019","id":"ab34e961-f641-4c92-9324-06da16cc52ef","choice_type":"single"}915{"question":"Apoprotein B-48 is found in","exp":null,"cop":4,"opa":"VLDL","opb":"LDL","opc":"HDL","opd":"Chylomicrons","subject_name":"Biochemistry","topic_name":null,"id":"3a3e9d0e-cf13-4d9c-971f-f9d5cb902994","choice_type":"single"}916{"question":"If the distribution of intra-ocular pressure (IOP) seen in 100 glaucoma patients has an average 30 mm with a SD of 1.0, what is the lower limit of the average IOP that can be expected 95% of times?","exp":"In the given question, Mean (\u03bc) = 30 mm and SD (\u03c3) = 1.0 mm\nThus, 95% values are contained in the range of Mean \u00b1 2 SD (\u00b5 \u00b1 2\u03c3) or 30 \u00b1 2 (1)\nSo, 95% values are contained in the range 30 \u2013 2 mm and 30 + 2 mm OR between 28 and 30 mm.","cop":2,"opa":"26","opb":"28","opc":"32","opd":"259","subject_name":"Social & Preventive Medicine","topic_name":null,"id":"484de2a0-f89b-4e79-88c3-11cb2da4fcde","choice_type":"single"}917{"question":"The radiographic view of choice for diagnosing horizontally favorable and unfavorable # is:","exp":null,"cop":3,"opa":"OPG","opb":"Occlusal","opc":"Lateral Oblique view","opd":"Transpharyngeal","subject_name":"Surgery","topic_name":null,"id":"17f11735-64fc-47ec-b06b-c9124e27c1cf","choice_type":"multi"}918{"question":"Which type of Hb is not affected by Rh isoimmunisation:","exp":"\u201cAn antigen frequently found in routine antenatal screening is the Lewis group (Lea and Leb). The Lewis antigens do not cause erythroblastosis fetalis and differ from all of the other red cell antigens in that they are not synthesized in the red cell membrane but are absorbed into it.\u201d\nFernando Arias 2\/e, p 116","cop":3,"opa":"Anti C","opb":"Anti E","opc":"Anti lewis","opd":"Anti D","subject_name":"Gynaecology & Obstetrics","topic_name":null,"id":"743f2305-10ed-4d66-b6fa-911cacdf2622","choice_type":"single"}919{"question":"The ETDRS cha is used for visual evaluation in diabetic patients. What does ETDRS stand for","exp":"Answer: B. Early treatment for diabetic retinopathy studyETDRS stands for Early treatment for diabetic retinopathy study","cop":2,"opa":"Extended treatment for diabetic retinopathy study","opb":"Early treatment for diabetic retinopathy study","opc":"Emergency treatment for diabetic retinopathy study","opd":"Emerging treatment for diabetic retinopathy study","subject_name":"Ophthalmology","topic_name":null,"id":"bee78f93-a09e-491f-856e-846b81e4aa5c","choice_type":"single"}920{"question":"Working side contact means:","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Contact on lateral movement.","opb":"Contact on medial movement.","opc":"No contact on lateral movement.","opd":"None of the above.","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"e01541a1-1639-433f-ad63-51cd9ac6dee9","choice_type":"multi"}921{"question":"What percentage of accessory canals found in apical third of the root","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"74%","opb":"54%","opc":"94%","opd":"60%","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"cf442471-776c-434b-8186-a07315839c06","choice_type":"single"}922{"question":"The resolving power of a microscope depends upon all of the following except:","exp":"Ans: C. Thickness of the film(Ref Bancroft Theory & Practice of Histochemical Techniques\/p45-47).Resolving power of microscope:Microscope specific.Inversely distance between two objects that can be resolved.Doesn't depend on specimen nature or thickness.According to Abbe's Criterion.","cop":3,"opa":"Size of the apeure","opb":"Focal length of the eyepiece","opc":"Thickness of the film","opd":"Wavelength of light source used","subject_name":"Pathology","topic_name":null,"id":"fb340ec6-b658-4105-ba2d-23e3125fc4e1","choice_type":"multi"}923{"question":"Which type of trauma is associated with destruction of protective layer?","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Intrusion","opb":"Extrusion","opc":"Avulsion","opd":"Lateral luxation","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"a906cd05-9528-42a0-9c91-235eab046938","choice_type":"single"}924{"question":"During diagnostic laparoscopy for undescended testis, there are absent testicular vessels. What should be done next?","exp":"Answer- C","cop":3,"opa":"Explore fuher","opb":"Nothing is to be done","opc":"Inguinal exploration","opd":"Scrotal examination","subject_name":"Surgery","topic_name":null,"id":"e039fc9c-d96d-44e0-9933-b4c4d87bed58","choice_type":"single"}925{"question":"Excessive occlusal forces can be superimposed in all cases, except","exp":null,"cop":4,"opa":"Normal periodontium with normal height of bone","opb":"Normal periodontium with reduced height of bone","opc":"Marginal periodontitis with reduced height of bone","opd":"Marginal periodontitis with normal height of bone","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"954a6f85-767c-4b3a-b422-c5986e63f77b","choice_type":"multi"}926{"question":"The reverse bevel incision is made to","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"Allow atraumatic reflection of the gingival margin","opb":"Remove the infected tissue in the sulcus","opc":"Provide access to the alveolar crest","opd":"All of the above","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"61461258-c43a-48bf-9ecb-3c6450e12912","choice_type":"multi"}927{"question":"Partial veneer crown is contraindicated in","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"Long teeth","opb":"Short teeth","opc":"Tipped teeth","opd":"Tapered teeth","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"5e0d7e21-6ecc-4145-9d27-1d7792ff0b6e","choice_type":"single"}928{"question":"Target sign is seen in?","exp":"Leakage of CSF into the nose is called CSF rhinorrhea. It may be clear fluid or mixed with blood as in acute head injuries. TRAUMA. Most of the cases follow trauma.it can be accidental or surgical. Inflammation, mucoceles of sinuses, sinunasal polyposis, fungal infection of sinuses & osteomyelitis, can all erode the bone and dura. Neoplasms, idiopathic- where cause is unknown and patient has spontaneous leak. SITE OF Leakage- CSF from anterior cranial fossa reaches the nose (1) cribriform plate, (2) roof of ethmoid air cells or (3) frontal sinus. CSF from middle cranial fossa follows injuries to sphenoid sinus, cribriform plate. In fracture of temporal bone, CSF reaches the middle ear and then escapes through the Eustachian tube into the nose (CSF OTORHINORRHOEA) DIAGNOSIS- there is history of clear watery discharge from the nose on bending the head or straining. CSF rhinorrhea should be differentiated from nasal discharge as the former is sudden, gushes in drops when bending and cannot be sniffed back. CSF rhinorrhea after head trauma is mixed with blood and shows \"target sign\" when collected on filter paper.it shows central red spot and peripheral lighter halo sign. LAB TEST = BETA-2 transferrin is seen in CSF and not in the nasal discharge. its presence is a specific and sensitive test.","cop":2,"opa":"Spontaneous CSF Rhinorrhea","opb":"Traumatic CSF Rhinorrhea","opc":"Both","opd":"None","subject_name":"ENT","topic_name":"AIIMS 2017","id":"6b13b5d1-10ab-414c-bfd4-76b9463300f2","choice_type":"multi"}929{"question":"LA deposited in Inferior alveolar nerve block at","exp":null,"cop":3,"opa":"Sigmoid notch","opb":"Coronoid notch","opc":"Lingula","opd":"Groove of mandibular neck","subject_name":"Surgery","topic_name":null,"id":"aae446ea-6c3c-44e3-9fd2-bd056d6d4a1a","choice_type":"single"}930{"question":"In extraction, best time to administer analgesics is:","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Before anaesthesia wears off","opb":"Prior to extraction","opc":"When pain is moderate to severe","opd":"After anaesthesia wears off","subject_name":"Surgery","topic_name":null,"id":"fa7ee43b-5ca6-4b65-a72d-9bafd53b25df","choice_type":"single"}931{"question":"Mantle dentin is a layer next to:","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"DE]","opb":"Pulp","opc":"Dentin","opd":"Enamel","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"bc74b992-2aef-440e-81a2-17958caecbee","choice_type":"single"}932{"question":"The wave ' V ' in BERA represents activity in which of the following ?","exp":"The wave 'V' in BERA represents activity in lateral lemniscus.Auditory brainstem response (ABR):Is used to elicit brainstem responses to auditory stimulation by clicks or tone bursts.It is a non-invasive technique to find the integrity of central auditory pathways through the VIIIth nerve, pons and midbrain.The first, third and fifth waves are most stable and are used in measurements.Wave V Generation of wave V reflects the activity of multiple anatomic auditory structures. The sharp positive peak of wave V arises mainly from the lateral lemniscus, following slow negative wave represents the dendritic potential in the inferior colliculus.","cop":1,"opa":"Lateral lemniscus","opb":"Superior olivary complex","opc":"Cochlear nerve","opd":"Cochlear nucleus","subject_name":"ENT","topic_name":null,"id":"8b538660-2509-4f93-a358-104099bb3cb8","choice_type":"single"}933{"question":"Preconceptional intake of which of the following results in decrease in incidence of neural tube defect:","exp":"\u201cFolic acid has been shown to effectively reduce the risk of neural tube defects (NTDs). A daily 4 mg dose is recommended for patients who have had a previous pregnancy affected by neural tube defects. It should be started atleast 1 month (ideally 3 months) prior to pregnancy and continued through the first 6\u201312 weeks of pregnancy.\u201d\nCOGDT 10\/e, p 197\nRemember:\n\nTherapeutic dose of folic acid (to be given in females with previous history of baby with NTD) - 4 mg.\nProphylactic dose of folic acid = 0.4 mg i.e. 400 mg\nDuration: It should be started 1 month before conception and continued till 3 months of pregnancy.","cop":2,"opa":"Vitamin A","opb":"Folate","opc":"Vitamin E","opd":"Vitamin C","subject_name":"Gynaecology & Obstetrics","topic_name":null,"id":"f3f48369-3b19-470a-bdaa-a5d8fa4d8afa","choice_type":"single"}934{"question":"Lower 2nd molar has","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"\u2018+\u2019 shape","opb":"Distorted \u2018+\u2019 shape","opc":"Y shaped","opd":"H shaped","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"d31db168-d292-495b-a874-4ea4e0adb69d","choice_type":"single"}935{"question":"Failure of partial dentures due to poor clasp design can best be avoided by:","exp":null,"cop":3,"opa":"Using stress breakers","opb":"Using bar type clasps","opc":"Altering tooth contours","opd":"Clasping only those teeth with fairly long crowns and normal bone support","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"d04b4139-513d-4b58-a73a-972e4f8d8031","choice_type":"single"}936{"question":"In excitable cells, repolarization is closely associated with one of the following events:","exp":null,"cop":3,"opa":"Na+ efflux","opb":"Na+ influx","opc":"K+ efflux","opd":"K+ influx","subject_name":"Physiology","topic_name":null,"id":"860d2715-9c6e-4814-894d-48362fb1235d","choice_type":"single"}937{"question":"Hapten is?","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Antigenic and proteinaceous substance","opb":"Protein and non antigenic","opc":"Nonprotein and antigenic","opd":"Nonprotein and non antigenic","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"15b58a11-7341-4318-bf98-b29c4e4ba7c0","choice_type":"single"}938{"question":"Right trochlear nerve palsy can lead to all except:","exp":"Ans: B. Right head tilt(Ref. Yanoff and Duker 4\/e p1228)Right trochlear nerve palsy:Accompanied by compensatory contralateral head tilt (left head tilt), not right head tilt.Signs:Classical sign of unilateral fouh nerve palsy is contralateral head tilt (an 'ocular' toicollis).Exhibited by most patients & usually sole presenting sign in children.Non-ophthalmological causes also considered.Presents with veical diplopia.Torsional diplopia - Due to ocular cyclotorsion accompanies veical diplopia in acquired fouh nerve palsy.","cop":2,"opa":"Diplopia on upward gaze and adduction","opb":"Right head tilt","opc":"Exotropia","opd":"Hyperopia","subject_name":"Ophthalmology","topic_name":null,"id":"a1f7c34e-e009-4447-b459-3fe798b4bbc1","choice_type":"multi"}939{"question":"The lingual extension of a Lower denture is Limited by all of the following (except)","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Modiolus","opb":"Mylohyoid muscle","opc":"Origin of genioglossus","opd":"Sublingual salivary glands","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"6d9828ad-86fa-45fa-b669-4c22f06dd9b0","choice_type":"multi"}940{"question":"Patient with history of tachyarrhythmias is on implantable cardioveer defibrillator. He develops shock. Best method to know the position and integrity of ICD is:","exp":"Ans: A. CECT (Ref Hurst 's The Hea 13\/e p1050)Plain radiograph:Best method to know ICD position & integrity.ICD Lead dislodgement:Radiographically visible.Significant increase in pacing threshold \/decline in electrogram amplitude.","cop":1,"opa":"CECT","opb":"MRI","opc":"USG","opd":"Plain radiograph","subject_name":"Radiology","topic_name":null,"id":"41de4a10-ea29-4f5d-817c-570c5e537bc9","choice_type":"single"}941{"question":"Morris retractor is most commonly used to retract","exp":"Answer- A. Left hypochondrium Left hypochondrium- usesUsed to retract the abdominal wall in a wide mannerInstrument of choice or retraction in left subcostal region because it avoids the risk of splenic injury.","cop":1,"opa":"Left hypochondrium","opb":"Right hypochondrium","opc":"Hernia surgery","opd":"None","subject_name":"Surgery","topic_name":null,"id":"f010ab15-2d53-4002-a0d8-308dc27650c5","choice_type":"multi"}942{"question":"Which of the following is not true about H. influenza?","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"Rarely presents as meningitis in children less than 2 months of age","opb":"Capsular polypeptide protein is responsible for virulence","opc":"Requires factor V and X for growth","opd":"Most common invasive disease of H. influenza is meningitis","subject_name":"Microbiology","topic_name":null,"id":"dbf438a0-20c0-4eb7-a94a-f337ffabf5af","choice_type":"multi"}943{"question":"Which drug is not given in Wilson disease?","exp":"Wilson disease Trientine- copper chelator Penicillamine- also chelator but less used due to nephrotic side effect. Zinc- is competitive inhibitor of copper in absorption of gut. Zinc acetate is DOC for Wilson disease.","cop":2,"opa":"Trientine","opb":"Calcium","opc":"Penicillamine","opd":"Zinc","subject_name":"Medicine","topic_name":"AIIMS 2019","id":"57593a1c-3f1a-46c3-91b9-cf9230080c97","choice_type":"single"}944{"question":"Bullet fingerprinting is:","exp":"Bullet fingerprinting- Primary markings- The rifled firearm leaves its signature on the caridge case and on the bullet. With all rifled firearms, the bullet is slightly larger than the barrel, and as it passes through the barrel, its sides are marked by the rifling of the barrel. Secondary markings- They are produced on the surface of the bullet by imperfection on the inner surface of the barrel. These irregularities are produced by sticking of paicles of the bullet to the bore when shots are fired and is known as metallic fouling. They also result accidentally during the manufacturing process, usually microscopic in nature and have random distribution. They are useful in identifying the specific gun which was fired.","cop":3,"opa":"Human fingerprints on bullet","opb":"Primary marking","opc":"Secondary marking","opd":"Distoed bullet","subject_name":"Forensic Medicine","topic_name":"AIIMS 2018","id":"5051fb2c-dfee-47c4-86b2-39af036755ae","choice_type":"single"}945{"question":"Following intracoronal bleaching immediate composite restoration required, what has to be done:","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Treat with catalase","opb":"Wait for 7 days is mandatory","opc":"Treat with H2O2 for 3 minutes","opd":"Not possible","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"9251f6b9-8124-4f34-8936-c66761486357","choice_type":"single"}946{"question":"Which of the following is developed from the 1st arch:","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"Stylohyoid ligament.","opb":"Spenomandibular ligament.","opc":"Stapes.","opd":"Styloid process.","subject_name":"Anatomy","topic_name":null,"id":"620affae-3d54-4be1-b18c-5b2c89d3332d","choice_type":"single"}947{"question":"A 70 years old male patient presents with amblyopia, exeional chest pain, episodic tachycardia and extra systoles on FCC. What is the probable cause?","exp":"Answer- B. Chronic nicotine poisoningSymptoms of chronic nicotine poisoning are cough, wheezing, dyspnoea, anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea, anemia, faintness,tremors, impaired memory, amblyopia, blindness, irregularity of the hea with extra-systoles and occasionally attacks pain suggesting angina pectoris","cop":2,"opa":"Cocaine poisoning","opb":"Chronic nicotine poisoning","opc":"Arsenophagia","opd":"Cannabis ingestion","subject_name":"Forensic Medicine","topic_name":null,"id":"2ae293df-8147-46d5-bd46-b913a95c2593","choice_type":"single"}948{"question":"All of the following reflex appear at birth except:","exp":"All the reflexes appears at birth except Landau and parachute reflex.","cop":1,"opa":"Landau reflex","opb":"Babinski reflex","opc":"Startle reflex","opd":"Moro's reflex","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"458b49a6-3d4e-445c-9542-51e2c9b466bd","choice_type":"multi"}949{"question":"A child had repeated vomiting and developed metabolic alkalosis. The treatment given is \u2013","exp":"Treatment of metabolic alkalosis due to vomiting or nasogastric suction.\n\nMost children with metabolic alkalosis have one of the chloride responsive etiology (e.g., vomiting).\nIn these situations, administration of suffieeint sodium chloride and potassium chloride to correct volume deficit is necessary to correct metabolic alkalosis.\nAdequate replacement of gastric losses of sodium and potassium in a child with vomiting can minimize or prevent the development of metabolic alkalosis.\nWith adequate intravascular volume and a normal serum potassium concentration, the kidney is able to excrete the excess bicarbonate within a couple of days.","cop":2,"opa":"Ringer lactate","opb":"I.V. normal saline and potassium","opc":"ORS","opd":"I.V. Normal saline","subject_name":"Pediatrics","topic_name":null,"id":"e9d9c003-7fb0-404f-aa20-bea77c101f75","choice_type":"single"}950{"question":"Most used selective medium for streptococcus rnutans is","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"Mac conkey medium","opb":"Mitus salivarius bacitracin agar","opc":"Nutrient agar","opd":"Tellurite medium","subject_name":"Pathology","topic_name":null,"id":"5c98317f-be24-441a-9349-7f423d681dfc","choice_type":"single"}951{"question":"Which characteristic of orthodontic wire describe energy storage capacity?","exp":"Popularly, the term\u00a0resilience is associated with springiness, but it means precisely the\u00a0amount\u00a0of\u00a0energy\u00a0absorbed\u00a0within\u00a0a\u00a0unit\u00a0volume\u00a0of\u00a0a\u00a0structure\u00a0when\u00a0it\u00a0is\u00a0stressed\u00a0to\u00a0its\u00a0proportional limit.\u00a0\nThe resilience\u00a0of\u00a0two\u00a0or\u00a0more\u00a0materials\u00a0can\u00a0be compared\u00a0by observing the areas under the elastic region of their stress-strain plots assuming that they are plotted on the same scale. The material\u00a0with\u00a0the\u00a0larger\u00a0elastic\u00a0area\u00a0has higher resilience.\nKey Concept:\nResilience\u2014The amount of elastic energy per unit volume that is sustained on loading and released upon unloading of a test specimen.\n\u00a0\nReference: Phillips science of dental materials, 12th ed page no 48,55","cop":2,"opa":"Range","opb":"Resilience","opc":"Formability","opd":"Proportional limit","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"2d635300-8808-4fb1-867f-cb4876001cbd","choice_type":"single"}952{"question":"Thickness of luting cement is:","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"20-40 \u03bc","opb":"10-20 \u03bc","opc":"60-80 \u03bc","opd":"1-2 \u03bc","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"88082d18-5e7b-4c2a-81fa-b91139c7276d","choice_type":"single"}953{"question":"Midface is defined as the portion between:","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"Hairline to subnasale","opb":"Glabella to subnasale","opc":"Glabella to menton","opd":"Subnasale to menton","subject_name":"Surgery","topic_name":null,"id":"6a5ff0ef-295a-4c36-b1c0-ea8988d03370","choice_type":"single"}954{"question":"Which of the following anterior pituitary hormones is primarily under inhibitory control of hypothalamus.","exp":null,"cop":4,"opa":"TSH","opb":"GRH","opc":"Somatostatin","opd":"Prolactin","subject_name":"Physiology","topic_name":null,"id":"8814eda0-0abe-43f0-8a8b-e3eeb4586928","choice_type":"single"}955{"question":"Buccal coil spring used to regain space between 1st premolar and 1st molar causes following common post treatment complication:","exp":null,"cop":3,"opa":"Pain","opb":"Gingival irritation","opc":"Tendency of 1st premolar to rotate","opd":"Tendency of 1st premolar to intrude","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"bfe1f29e-4880-4b0b-bc9e-c9b96f580f47","choice_type":"single"}956{"question":"Direct inter dental wiring is also known as:","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"Risdon's wiring","opb":"Gilmer's wiring","opc":"Eyelet wiring","opd":"Col. Stouts wiring","subject_name":"Surgery","topic_name":null,"id":"3cf1de31-2703-4ff6-8091-3992a27a7987","choice_type":"single"}957{"question":"On biopsy report of CGCG on the basis of histologically & morphological similarities differential diagnosis is made between:","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"Fibrous dysplasia","opb":"Hyperparathyroidism","opc":"Osteitis deformans","opd":"Hyperthyroidism","subject_name":"Pathology","topic_name":null,"id":"8dbe206d-75d1-43ba-93fc-5b5c30f72a0a","choice_type":"multi"}958{"question":"Best fluid for factor VIII replacement is:","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"fresh whole blood","opb":"cryoprecipitate","opc":"FFP","opd":"Platelet concentrate","subject_name":"Surgery","topic_name":null,"id":"7f2b9cac-40f0-4e49-8bca-c73cbc38835b","choice_type":"single"}959{"question":"Which of the following feature is not seen in tongue thrusting?","exp":"Characteristics\u00a0of\u00a0tongue thrusting\n\nSpaced dentition\nPrimate spaces\nDeep bite\nFlush terminal plane\n\nMalocclusion\nVarious malocclusions have been reported to be\u00a0caused due to tongue thrust. These can further\u00a0be subdivided as:\na. Features pertaining to the maxilla\n\nProclination of maxillary anteriors resulting in an increase in overjet.\nGeneralised spacing between the teeth.\nMaxillary constriction.\n\nb. Features pertaining to the mandible\n\nRetroclination or proclination of mandibular teeth depending on the type of tongue\u00a0thrust present.\n\nc. Intermaxillary relationships\n\nAnterior or posterior open bite based on the posture of the tongue.\nPosterior teeth crossbite.","cop":2,"opa":"Spaced dentition","opb":"Crowding and crossbite","opc":"Open bite","opd":"Flush terminal plane","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"39857f0f-9c6a-49b4-bb0c-9306c46a4c96","choice_type":"single"}960{"question":"Best way to monitor perfusion of free flap:","exp":null,"cop":3,"opa":"Pulse oximeter","opb":"Laser doppler velocimetery","opc":"Prick test","opd":"Flourescin & dermo flourometer","subject_name":"Surgery","topic_name":null,"id":"26af657d-76a3-44a6-9cd1-96ee335ef8fa","choice_type":"single"}961{"question":"Which of the following structures is not of ectodermal origin:","exp":"Enamel spindles are odontoblastic process, which extend into enamel. Enamel spindles are mesenchymal in origin.","cop":2,"opa":"Hunter-schreger bands","opb":"Enamel spindles","opc":"Enamel tufts","opd":"Enamel lamellae","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"3b1d8bb2-5d19-4dc0-89b4-a8f94ac0e282","choice_type":"single"}962{"question":"Paradoxical undressing seen in -","exp":"Ans- c- hypothermiaParadoxical undressing is a term for a phenomenon frequently seen in cases of lethal hypothermia. Sholy before death, the person will remove all their clothes, as if they were burning up, when in fact they are freezing.","cop":3,"opa":"Immersion syndrome","opb":"Heat cramps","opc":"Hypothermia","opd":"Heat exhaustion","subject_name":"Forensic Medicine","topic_name":null,"id":"731b980a-f36b-45bd-b1cf-538fd90541fc","choice_type":"single"}963{"question":"The single most effective method of reducing patient\nsomatic exposure when taking radiograph is to use:","exp":"Intraoral dental X-ray film is available in two speed groups: D and E\/F.\nClinically, film of speed group E\/F is approximately twice as fast (sensitive) as film of group D and thus requires only half the exposure. Fast films are desirable from the standpoint of exposure reduction. Multiple studies have found that E\/F-speed film is preferred, because it has the same useful density range, latitude, contrast, and image quality as D-speed films and can be used in routine intraoral radiographic examinations without sacrifice of diagnostic information.\u00a0\nCurrent digital sensors offer equal or greater dose savings than E\/F-speed film and comparable diagnostic utility.\nReference: White and Pharoah's Oral Radiology Principles and Interpretation 7th edition page no 33","cop":2,"opa":"A lead apron","opb":"Speed E film","opc":"Added filtration","opd":"An open ended, shielded cone","subject_name":"Radiology","topic_name":null,"id":"7f20e2a3-7048-4782-8dbe-c53dd6ccabc1","choice_type":"single"}964{"question":"There is a swelling in a patient with respect to maxillary LI region, since last 48 hours, the swelling is hot & palpable & rebounds on pressure, the treatment of choice is","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Incision & drainage","opb":"Antibiotic coverage","opc":"Antibiotics of heat only","opd":"Aspiration","subject_name":"Surgery","topic_name":null,"id":"61146ef9-e5d8-48c4-8031-a04cbb34c97e","choice_type":"single"}965{"question":"True about occulomotor nerve are all except","exp":null,"cop":4,"opa":"Carries parasympathetic fibres","opb":"Causes constriction of pupils","opc":"Supplies inferior oblique muscle","opd":"Passes through inferior orbital fissure","subject_name":"Anatomy","topic_name":null,"id":"e2883c94-00e1-42ef-b2c6-c1e3e9011038","choice_type":"multi"}966{"question":"In a free gingival graft, what happens to epithelium of the graft? It:","exp":null,"cop":3,"opa":"Remains as such","opb":"Proliferates","opc":"Degenerates","opd":"Has to be removed by the surgeon","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"7652722e-593d-470a-b2d5-30a15e4bae48","choice_type":"single"}967{"question":"A boy is suffering from acute pyelonephritis. The most specific investigation is","exp":"The answer is A Acute pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection causing inflammation of the kidneys and is one of the most common diseases of the kidney.Pyelonephritis occurs as a complication of an ascending urinary tract infection (UTI) which spreads from the bladder to the kidneys and their collecting systems.Symptoms usually include fever, flank pain, nausea, vomiting, burning on urination, increased frequency, and urgency. The 2 most common symptoms are usually fever and flank pain. E. coli is the most common bacteria causing acute pyelonephritis due to its unique ability to adhere to and colonize the urinary tract and kidneys.Histopathology will usually reveal necrosis or putrid abscess formation within the renal parenchyma. The renal tissues are infiltrated with neutrophils, macrophages and plasma cells. However, architecture is not completely disorganized.The presence of white blood cells within or upon casts strongly suggests pyelonephritis, direct infection of the kidney. They may also be seen in inflammatory states, such as acute allergic interstitial nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, or post-streptococcal acute glomerulonephritis.","cop":1,"opa":"Histopathological examination","opb":"Leucocyte esterase test","opc":"Nitrite test","opd":"Bacteria in gram stain","subject_name":"Medicine","topic_name":null,"id":"ad7de085-c01b-48bf-a1fe-fc7a33dab3d2","choice_type":"single"}968{"question":"Setting expansion of grey MTA when mixed with water is?","exp":null,"cop":3,"opa":"0.68%","opb":"0.12%","opc":"1.02%","opd":"0.80%","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"7dcb4cdd-3d71-4741-9893-db67879699f1","choice_type":"single"}969{"question":"All of the following syndromes are associated with uniparental disomy except-","exp":"Answer- C. Bloom syndromeBloom syndrome is not associated wilh uniparental disomy.Uniparental disomy is the term used when both chromosome of a pair of chromosome in a person with normal number ofchromosome, have been inherited from only one parent.","cop":3,"opa":"Prader-Willi syndrome","opb":"Russell-Silver syndrome","opc":"Bloom syndrome","opd":"Angelman syndrome","subject_name":"Pediatrics","topic_name":null,"id":"52638912-d9ec-4e6c-91a8-01e73bbeefd2","choice_type":"multi"}970{"question":"Which of the following has a male:female ratio of 1:1?","exp":"Seronegative spondyloahritis has a male : female ratio of 1:1. Rheumatoid ahritis and Polymyalgia rheumatica are seen more commonly in females. Gout is more common in males.","cop":3,"opa":"Rheumatoid ahritis","opb":"Gout","opc":"Seronegative spondyloahritis","opd":"Polymyalgia rheumatica","subject_name":"Medicine","topic_name":"AIIMS 2017","id":"dbd53f8c-f995-46d5-93fc-350207f988ec","choice_type":"single"}971{"question":"A diabetic and hypeensive patient taking several drugs presented with septicemia. Serum creatinine levels are 5.7 mg\/dL. Which of the following drug should be stopped?","exp":"Serum creatinine levels are raised indicating renal failure. In renal failure and hepatic failure --> Metformin is C\/I as it |ses the risk of developing lactic acidosis. Contraindicated in patients with an eGFR below 30 mL\/minute\/1.73 m2. eGFR should be measured annually for patients taking metformin therapy. eGFR is preferred over serum creatinine concentration to assess renal function for a person taking metformin therapy Linagliptin is a DPP-4 inhibitor. Metoprolol is a b blocker.","cop":4,"opa":"Insulin","opb":"Metoprolol","opc":"Linagliptin","opd":"Metformin","subject_name":"Pharmacology","topic_name":"AIIMS 2017","id":"524d41bf-ef51-49b4-8662-dcaf2c2798fb","choice_type":"single"}972{"question":"Drug of choice for Rheumatic fever prophylaxis in penicillin allergic patient \u2013","exp":"T\/T of Rhernatic fever\nDrug of choice --> Penicillin\nDrug of choice in penicillin allergic patients -4 Erythromycin\nDrug of choice for prophylaxis in Rheumatic fever -4 enzathine penicillin\nPrimary prevention\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 -\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Benzathine penicillin administared before the 9th day of streptococcal pharyngitis\nSecondary prevention\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0-\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Benzathine penicillin is administered of patients who have had an episode of Rheumatic fever this prevents further attacks\n\nIn penicillin allergic patients erythromycin is administered.","cop":1,"opa":"Erythromycin","opb":"Clindamycin","opc":"Vancomycin","opd":"Gentamycin","subject_name":"Pediatrics","topic_name":null,"id":"6a1a402b-247e-4dd9-80b2-ad2f347b2d02","choice_type":"multi"}973{"question":"Placement of graft will be failure in which class of recession","exp":null,"cop":4,"opa":"class I","opb":"Class II","opc":"Class III","opd":"Class IV","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"04c8a800-af32-40fb-b60e-45d64d189679","choice_type":"single"}974{"question":"The vascular supply of the periodontal ligament is:","exp":null,"cop":4,"opa":"Greatest in the middle-third of a single rooted tooth","opb":"Greatest in the middle-third of a multirooted tooth","opc":"A net-like plexus that runs closer to the cementum than to the bone","opd":"A net-like plexus that runs closer to the bone than to the cementum","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"dc531f41-5306-431e-b925-b56c77261c5b","choice_type":"single"}975{"question":"Commonest cause of TMJ ankylosis is","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Trauma","opb":"Development disturbances","opc":"Infections","opd":"Atrophy","subject_name":"Surgery","topic_name":null,"id":"42dbf12f-7a02-4df7-85b2-e8e2b8638f9b","choice_type":"single"}976{"question":"To prevent sensitivity caused by acid etching and to protect pulp in deep cavities which of the following should be used.","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Ca(OH)2 liner","opb":"ZOE","opc":"Light cured GIC liner","opd":"Varnish","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"d2b006ba-21fa-4ec8-bcda-760d55e8b326","choice_type":"single"}977{"question":"All are true about rheumatic fever, except \u2013","exp":"Rheumatic fever\n\nRheumatic fever is an acute immunologically mediated multisystem inflammatory disease that occurs few weeks after an episode of group A streptococcal pharyngitis.\nThe disease is immune mediated, not a communicable disease.\n\tEpidemiology ofAcute Rheumatic fever.\nThe epidemiology of acute Rheumatic fever is identical to that of group A streptococcal upper respiratory tract infection.\nAs is the case of streptococcal sore throat, acute rheumatic fever most often occurs in children, the peak age related incidence is between 5-15 years.\nEpidemiological risk factor for rheumatic fever, include lower standards of living especially crowding, the disease has been more common among socially and economically disadvantaged populations.\n\nPathogenesis of Rheumatic fever\n\nIt is strongly suspected that acute Rheumatic fever is a hypersensitivity reaction induced by group A streptococci but the exact pathogenesis remains uncertain despite many years of investigation.\nAlthough the precise factor or factors that confer this property are unknown, highly rheumatogenic strains, share certain biological characteristic.\nIt is believed that antibodies directed against the M proteins of certain strains cross reacts with glycoprotein antigens in the heart, joints and other tissues. These strains are (1, 3, 5, 6, 18).\nThe M proteins molecules has a particular surface exposed antigenic domain against which Rheumatic fever patients mount a strong antibody response. These antibodies against the M proteins cross reacts with glycoproteins antigens in the heart, joints and other tissues because these glycoproteins share similar features with M antigenic domain.","cop":3,"opa":"Common in poor socioeconomic group","opb":"Develops after streptococcal pharyngitis","opc":"Communicable disease","opd":"Seen in 5\u201315 years of children","subject_name":"Pediatrics","topic_name":null,"id":"41fac382-483b-4573-99c4-555b80dff3bc","choice_type":"multi"}978{"question":"The case of biliary duct stricture with retching and vomiting, given 3mg morphine epiduraly daily, one day 12 mg mistakenly dose of epidural, morphine given. Not present:-","exp":"Side effect of high dose epidural opioid: Nausea and vomiting Pruritis Urinary retention Respiratory depression High dose of opioid can spread centrally and stimulate CTZ center and can precipitate nausea and vomiting. Pruritis due to morphine is not due to histamine release, high dose morphine can spread centrally, act on trigeminal nerve and cause pruritis. Urinary retention in morphine use is due to it's action on sacral spinal cord, therefore it can happen even at normal dose and not related to high dose. Respiratory depression in morphine overdose due to migration of morphine centrally.","cop":4,"opa":"Itching","opb":"Urinary retention","opc":"Increase vomiting","opd":"Overstimulation of respiratory centre","subject_name":"Anaesthesia","topic_name":"AIIMS 2019","id":"c9aa8c5b-b009-4c7e-a8d4-05cf46db9282","choice_type":"single"}979{"question":"Bonding agents have hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups. The hydrophobic group binds which structure?","exp":"Ideally, a dentin bonding agent should have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic ends. The hydrophilic end displaces the dentinal fluid to wet the surface. The hydrophobic end bonds to the composite resin.\nBonding: The forces or energies between atoms or molecules at an interface that hold two phases together.\nMechanism of bonding:\nDentin adhesive molecule has a bifunctional structure:\nM-R-X\nWhere,\nM is the double bond of methacrylate which copolymerizes with composite resin.\nR is the spacer which makes the molecule large.\nX is a functional group for bonding, which bonds to an inorganic or organic portion of dentin.\nRef: Textbook of Operative Dentistry, Nisha and Amit Garg, 3rd edition, Pg no:239","cop":3,"opa":"Calcium in enamel","opb":"Hydroxyapatite group in hard tissue","opc":"Resin in restoration","opd":"Collagen in dentin","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"eda38a61-8191-470a-a712-84502a7ef918","choice_type":"single"}980{"question":"A patient on 300 mg of aspirin will show all the following except:","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Irreversible inhibition of cyclooxygenase path way","opb":"Prolonged bleeding time","opc":"Inhibition of thromboxane TXA2","opd":"Inhibition of prostaglandin PGI2","subject_name":"Pharmacology","topic_name":null,"id":"dfa174ff-9288-47b3-8768-a17b364ba1d3","choice_type":"multi"}981{"question":"Antimalarial drug used for causal prophylaxis act at which stage of developmental cycle","exp":"Ans. C. Pre-erythrocytic schizogonyPre-erythrocytic schizogony* Occurs inside the parenchymal cells of liver.* Merozoites are liberated into blood.* Drugs acting on this stage will prevent infection of RBC and clinical attack of malaria causal prophylaxis.* Drugs are* Proguanil & Tetracycline - for falciparum.","cop":3,"opa":"Gametogony","opb":"Erythrocytic schizogony","opc":"Pre-erythrocytic schizogony","opd":"Exo-erythrocytic schizogony","subject_name":"Pharmacology","topic_name":null,"id":"c2966f39-a3e7-464d-9048-937bf330c794","choice_type":"single"}982{"question":"A 3-year-old patient reports of painless progressive bilateral facial swellings. The tentative diagnosis is","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Cherubism","opb":"Monostotic fibrous dysplasia","opc":"Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia","opd":"Central giant cell granuloma","subject_name":"Pathology","topic_name":null,"id":"e7237ab3-dee3-49ef-997f-77c555541ca6","choice_type":"single"}983{"question":"Normal WBC count","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"4,000-11,000","opb":"40000 -80000","opc":"13000-17000","opd":"1000-3000","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"2c98bee7-541d-4bef-a8f8-49ffdb6e2213","choice_type":"single"}984{"question":"Provision of WHO mental action gap are all, except:","exp":"WHO developed mental health action gap to improve the care of mental, neurological, substance abuse disorder (low and middle country) These disorder cause large economics costs and are association with violation of human rights The key pa was to develop an evidence-based guideline meant for use by non specialists Mental health action gap involves mobilization of suppo and establish panerships","cop":3,"opa":"Human rights","opb":"Communication regarding care and career","opc":"Screening family members","opd":"Social suppo","subject_name":"Psychiatry","topic_name":"AIIMS 2018","id":"1338302d-2d9f-4d48-ac86-48f3c680594c","choice_type":"multi"}985{"question":"Retraction of the protruded mandible is done by","exp":"Depression of mandible is caused by lateral pterygoid (main), digastric, geniohyoid & mylohyoid. And Elevation of mandible by temporalis, medial pterygoid & masseter.","cop":4,"opa":"Medial Pterygoid","opb":"Lateral pterygoid","opc":"Masseter","opd":"Temporalis","subject_name":"Anatomy","topic_name":null,"id":"9c1d56d9-5f46-4d3f-87e6-894a31c98f27","choice_type":"single"}986{"question":"Methacholine acts at which receptor?","exp":"Ans: B. M2Methacholine is an M2 receptor agonist.ParameterM1M2M3Agonists (Relatively selective)Oxotremorine, MCN-343AMethacholineBethanecholAntagonists (Relatively selective)Pirenzepine, TelenzepineMethoctramine, TripitramineDarifenacin, Solifenacin","cop":2,"opa":"M1","opb":"M2","opc":"M3","opd":"M4","subject_name":"Pharmacology","topic_name":null,"id":"407d4eec-cf0b-460c-bcdb-cf0081ec8c5d","choice_type":"single"}987{"question":"Name the curve which passes through the cusps of all the posteriors, reaches to condyle:","exp":null,"cop":4,"opa":"Curve of Wilson.","opb":"Anti monsoon curve.","opc":"Monsoon curve.","opd":"Curve of spee.","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"4cd85450-80cb-48af-b4d0-30c2d42495f9","choice_type":"multi"}988{"question":"4 yr old child has 0.2 ppm fluoride in drinking water. The child can be administered:","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"1 mg tab\/day","opb":"Rinses 0.2% NaF","opc":"Topical application of fluoride","opd":"Fluoride containing dentifrices","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"0943ce96-d94b-4a3b-8db8-a93ad80ce094","choice_type":"single"}989{"question":"Which or tile following is true about antigenic drift?","exp":"Ans: D. It mostly affects the matrix protein(Ref: Park 24\/e p164, 23\/e p154, 22\/e p145)Antigenic drift:Mechanism for variation in viruses that involves the accumulation of mutations within genes that code for antibody binding sites.Results from genetic recombination of human with animal or an virus, providing a major antigenic change.This can cause a major epidemic or pandemic involving most or all age groups.Antigenic drift involves point mutation in the genes owing to selection pressure by immunity in the host population.This results in a new strain of virus paicles, which cannot be inhibited as effectively by the antibodies that were originally targeted against previous strains, making it easier for the virus to spread throughout a paially immune population, responsible for seasonal epidemics of influenza.","cop":4,"opa":"It is seen only in influenza virus type A","opb":"It is a result of framesshift mutation","opc":"It mostly affects the matrix protein","opd":"It mostly affects the matrix protein","subject_name":"Social & Preventive Medicine","topic_name":null,"id":"0190dc62-5b1a-48f7-b0c2-f91fb0fd66e7","choice_type":"multi"}990{"question":"Most commonly used technique for determination of working length of a 8 year old  child patient of teeth maxillary central incisor:","exp":"As 8 year old patient has central incisor with open apex, hence paper points are most commonly used method.","cop":2,"opa":"Tactile sensation","opb":"Moisture on paperpoint","opc":"Digital","opd":"None","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"90f34466-4378-4d47-bf88-b930ace9b95d","choice_type":"multi"}991{"question":"A Iaday 35 years old lactating mother Presented with a Painful breast lump. Most appropriate initial investigation should be:","exp":"Ans. b. USG(Ref Sutton's Radiology 7\/e p1456; Schwaz 9\/e p467; Sabiston 19\/e p2035-p846) Indications of Breast Ultrasound: ,Itton's Radiology 7\/e p1456)Symptomatic breast lump in women < 35 yearsBreast lump during lactation and pregnancyAssessment of mammographic abnormality (+- fuher mammographic views)Assessment of MRI or scintimammography detected lesionsClinical breast mass with negative mammogramBreast inflammationAugmented breast (together with MRI)","cop":2,"opa":"Mammography","opb":"USG","opc":"MRI","opd":"X-ray","subject_name":"Surgery","topic_name":null,"id":"c25d4907-49a0-4104-83d2-df515cdcf676","choice_type":"single"}992{"question":"Which of the following is caused by Amphotericin B","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Hypo kalemia","opb":"Hyperkalemia","opc":"Hypermagnesemia","opd":"Hyponatremia","subject_name":"Pharmacology","topic_name":null,"id":"8cced5f0-0647-4f31-9ba7-71bebcfb2255","choice_type":"single"}993{"question":"The most common curvature of the palatal root of maxillary first molar is:","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Facial","opb":"Lingual","opc":"Distal","opd":"Mesial","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"7dbd5a5b-1731-4cbd-a3e1-f50c0db1e695","choice_type":"single"}994{"question":"A new marker for mantle cell lymphoma especially useful in Cyclin DI negative cases is:","exp":"Answer- A. SOX 11SOXII expression h a highly specific for mantle cetl lymphoma and identifies the cyclin Dl-negative subtype.Mantle Cell Lymphoma (MCL)Immunophenotype:CD20 CD79a & PAX-5 positive establish B lineageCD5, CD43, FMC-7, cyclin Dl & SOX11 positiveSurface IgM & IgD positiveCDS+ve & CD23 -ve which help to distinguish it from CLL\/SLL.","cop":1,"opa":"SOX 11","opb":"Annexin V","opc":"MYD88","opd":"ITRA I","subject_name":"Pathology","topic_name":null,"id":"fd5e72b2-ff85-4ad8-8457-50ae63f377db","choice_type":"multi"}995{"question":"Type of skull seen in Beckwith hypoglycemic syndrome and fanconi syndrome:","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"Platycephaly.","opb":"Microcephaly.","opc":"Anencephaly.","opd":"Brachcephaly.","subject_name":"Anatomy","topic_name":null,"id":"cbe3d8a4-b91d-45f7-b04f-238825eec503","choice_type":"single"}996{"question":"Centre of rotation during intrusion is at:","exp":null,"cop":4,"opa":"Infinity","opb":"Middle third of tooth","opc":"CEJ","opd":"Outside the tooth","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"7cea5a22-d408-4fce-b026-381149dfd0b3","choice_type":"single"}997{"question":"Koebner phenomenon is seen in","exp":null,"cop":4,"opa":"Impetigo","opb":"Pemphigoid","opc":"Erythema multiforme","opd":"Psoriasis","subject_name":"Pathology","topic_name":null,"id":"c1730172-912a-4744-ad47-3034848202c7","choice_type":"single"}998{"question":"Most abundant cells in Cell rich zone","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Fibroblasts","opb":"Odontoblasts","opc":"Ameloblasts","opd":"Undifferentiated mesencymal cells","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"49590250-c847-4276-9d56-c4b6a8cca048","choice_type":"single"}999{"question":"Countercurrent mechanism is not seen in:","exp":"Ans: C. Eye(Ref Ganong 25\/e p417, 420, 685, 24\/e p687, 419, 422) .Countercurrent mechanism:Not seen in eye.Inflow runs parallel to, counter to & in close proximity to outflow for some distance.Seen in kidney, limbs, testis & intestine.In renal system - Both loops of Henle & vasa recta in renal medulla.Intestine - Villi where oxygen directly diffuses from aerioles to vein.","cop":3,"opa":"Kidney","opb":"Testes","opc":"Eye","opd":"Intestine","subject_name":"Physiology","topic_name":null,"id":"f229b847-b096-4925-ba33-f2a0427cea4d","choice_type":"single"}1000{"question":"Which component of cement causes allergic contact dermatitis??","exp":"Ans : D: ChromiumMost common allergen is hexavalent chromium salts.Allergic contact dermatitis more than irritant contact dermatitis.Level of exposure needed for allergic contact dermatitis 100-400 nglcm2.Taarate, glycine, silicone, dapsone, ferrous sulphate causes conversion from chromium (VI) to chromium (III), which is less allergenic.","cop":4,"opa":"Cobalt","opb":"Nickel","opc":"Iron","opd":"Chromium","subject_name":"Skin","topic_name":null,"id":"cc65668e-675f-4422-a28f-96df292dc630","choice_type":"multi"}1001{"question":"A bank employee felt depressed with no interest in activities came to AIIMS OPD. He was staed on Escitalopram. Which of these adverse effects cannot be explained with escitalopram?","exp":"Ans. C. SialorrheaEscitalopram belongs to a class of drugs known as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI).Improves your energy levels and feelings of well-being and decrease nervousness.Used to treat depression and anxiety.MOA: Works by helping to restore the serotonin balance in the brain.S\/E:Headache, Nausea, Ejaculation disorder, Somnolence, Insomnia, Dry mouth, Constipation, Fatigue, Libido decreased, Inability to achieve orgasm, Gas (flatulence), Toothache, Weight gain, Menstrual disorder, Neck\/shoulder pain, Runny nose & Flu-like syndrome.","cop":3,"opa":"Vivid dreaming","opb":"Anorgasmia","opc":"Sialorrhea","opd":"Nausea","subject_name":"Pharmacology","topic_name":null,"id":"0ba46472-54a7-4bb9-9802-a0546e24cede","choice_type":"single"}1002{"question":"True statements about osteoblasts are all except:","exp":"Ans: C. Have a plasma membrane showing multiple folds(Ref Gray's 40\/e p87, 88, 91)Characteristic of osteoclasts:Plasma membrane showing multiple folds.I.e. ruffled borders are involved in osteocytic resorption.Osteoclasts:Large (40 or more) polymorphic cells.Have upto 20 oval, closely packed nuclei.Howship's lacunae - Lie in close contact with bone surface in resorption bays.Cytoplasm:Contains numerous coated transpo vesicles & microtubule arrays.Involved in vesicles transpo between Golgi stacks & ruffled membrane.Ruffled membrane - Highly infolded cell surface of active osteoclasts at local bone resorption sites.Osteoblasts:Derived from osteoprogenitor (stem) cells of mesenchymal origin.Present in bone marrow & other connective tissues.Proliferate & differentiate after stimulated by bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs a into osteoblasts prior to bone formation.","cop":3,"opa":"Derived from osteoprogenitor cells","opb":"Regulated by BM P","opc":"Have a plasma membrane showing multiple folds","opd":"Have neuropeptide receptors","subject_name":"Anatomy","topic_name":null,"id":"ffd6dc42-8f32-4997-8d0f-b7a0639e02df","choice_type":"multi"}1003{"question":"Heart muscle, true are all except:","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"Act as syncitium","opb":"Has multiple nuclei","opc":"Has gap junctions","opd":"Has branching","subject_name":"Physiology","topic_name":null,"id":"91f37b78-e350-49ad-bcc8-27ae95c9c027","choice_type":"multi"}1004{"question":"IDL has","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Apo B100 and Apo E","opb":"Apo C","opc":"Apo E","opd":"All of the above","subject_name":"Biochemistry","topic_name":null,"id":"bc68c59c-2c2a-4e86-921f-cb1ff395c4d5","choice_type":"multi"}1005{"question":"Fracture of mandible having mandibular height 8 mm, line of treatment:","exp":"As reconstruction plate is load bearing plate.","cop":3,"opa":"Champy's plate","opb":"Lag screw","opc":"Reconstruction plate","opd":"All of the above","subject_name":"Surgery","topic_name":null,"id":"82089776-70c7-48e0-94ae-753e8b72949f","choice_type":"multi"}1006{"question":"Natural disaster causing maximum deaths","exp":"Ans is 'a' i.e. Hydrological DisasterA \"disaster\" can be defined as 'any occurrence that causes damage, ecological disruption, loss of human life or deterioration of health and health services on a scale stiffly-lent to warrant an extraordinary response from outside the affected community or area'.* A \"hazard\" can be defined as any phenomenon that has the potential to cause disruption or damage to people and their environment. - There are many types of disasters such as eahquakes, cyclones, floods, tidal waves, landslides, volcanic eruptions, fires, snowstorms, building collapse, toxicologic accidents, and warfare, etc.* Hydrological disasters (i.e. floods, tsunamis) are associated with causing a maximum death toll. Geological disasters: includes Eahquakes, Avalanches & Volcanic eruptionsMeteorological disasters: include Cyclones, Tornadoes, Hailstorms, Drought, Heatwaves, Blizzards (Blizzards are severe winter storms characterized by low temperature, strong winds, and heavy snow).","cop":1,"opa":"Hydrological","opb":"Meterological","opc":"Geological","opd":"Fires","subject_name":"Social & Preventive Medicine","topic_name":null,"id":"1348a664-1ccc-422f-a083-91d77cb24b92","choice_type":"single"}1007{"question":"A young healthy male patient presented with abdominal pain and history of altered bowel habits from the last 6 months. On CT examination, there was dilated distal pa of ileum, thickened ileocecal junction with thickened cecum with presence of sacculations on the antimesenteric border. The vascularity of adjoining mesentery is also increased and there is surrounding mesentery fat. Which of the following is not a differential diagnosis?","exp":"Answer- D. Ischemic bowel diseaseCT scans associated with bowel ischemia include dilation of the bowel lumen, bowel wall thickening abnormal bowel wall enhancement, aerial occlusion, venous thrombosis, and intramural or poal venous gasDilation of an ischemic bowel segment suggests interruption of normal peristaltic activity.Symmetrical bowel wall thickening greater than 3 mm in a distended segment.","cop":4,"opa":"Ulcerative colitis","opb":"Crohn's disease","opc":"Tuberculosis","opd":"Ischemic bowel disease","subject_name":"Surgery","topic_name":null,"id":"fda4a6bd-3eb5-4641-88da-513b72c1d320","choice_type":"single"}1008{"question":"Kroll designed","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"RPI clasp","opb":"Bar clasp","opc":"Circumferential clasp","opd":"Altered clasp","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"817f4af3-ff25-4483-9498-58543bff63cf","choice_type":"single"}1009{"question":"If multiple myeloma is suspected in a patient's history and intraoral radiograph, which of the following radiographs should be taken to confirm the diagnosis?","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Lateral skull","opb":"Anterior posterior view","opc":"Lateral oblique","opd":"Posterior anterior view","subject_name":"Radiology","topic_name":null,"id":"dbd24ee5-8032-4316-9330-fe831f819c40","choice_type":"single"}1010{"question":"All of the following are signs of respiratory insufficiency except:","exp":"Ans: D. All of the above(Ref Bailey 27\/e p929-925, 26\/e p303: Sobiston 20\/e p557: Harrison 19\/e p1661, 1731, 1732).Respiratory Insufficiency:Inability of lungs to function properly & maintain normal processes of oxygen uptake & carbon dioxide removal.Sign & symptoms of respiratory insufficiency:Fatigue, shoness of breath, heavy breathing, rapid breathing, exercise intolerance, hypoxia, inability to speak & stridor during inspiration.","cop":4,"opa":"Hypoxia","opb":"Inability to speak","opc":"Strider during inspiration","opd":"All of the above","subject_name":"Surgery","topic_name":null,"id":"83190d93-147b-4abc-a5fc-500371388fd5","choice_type":"multi"}1011{"question":"Eutectic mixture of 2.5% lignocaine and 2.5% prilocaine is used for","exp":null,"cop":4,"opa":"Gow gates technique for mandibular nerve block","opb":"Gasserion ganglion block","opc":"Intraputpal anesthesia","opd":"For anesthetizing intact mucosa","subject_name":"Surgery","topic_name":null,"id":"6ffe23a7-3bcd-4e1b-87f3-624fa12eab21","choice_type":"single"}1012{"question":"Primordial cyst develops","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"In place of missing teeth","opb":"In teeth in which crown development is completed","opc":"In periapical region","opd":"In mandibular body","subject_name":"Pathology","topic_name":null,"id":"5d893dcf-745b-4d0f-beac-49218e05a726","choice_type":"single"}1013{"question":"Precipitation of proteins is done by all of these except:","exp":"Ans: C. Adjusting pH to other than the isoelectric pointProtein precipitation is widely used to concentrate proteins and purify them from various contaminants.Protein precipitation occurs at the isoelectric point of the protein and not at any other pH.Selective precipitation exploits differences in relative solubility of individual proteins as a function of pH (isoelectric precipitation), polarity (precipitation with ethanol or acetone), or salt concentration (salting out with ammonium sulfate).","cop":3,"opa":"Adding trichloroacetic acid.","opb":"Adding acetyl alcohol and acetone.","opc":"Adjusting pH to other than the isoelectric point.","opd":"Salts of heavy metals.","subject_name":"Biochemistry","topic_name":null,"id":"9c96643e-d192-43ab-ad4b-d1c6d863fa87","choice_type":"multi"}1014{"question":"Which of the following is not true for rifabutin as compared to rifampicin?","exp":"Ans: D. Rifabutin is more efficacious for pulmonary TB as compared to rifampicin(Ref Goodman Gilman 12\/e p1550, 1552, 1554, 1568; Katzung 12\/e p845)Rifabutin:Stronger activity against Mycobacterium avium complex (compared to rifampicin).Ineffective against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. RifabutinRifampicin (Rifampin)RifapentineProtein binding 718597Oral 2068deg-tmax (hours)2.5-4.01.5-2.05.0-6.0degHalf-life (hours)32-67deg2-5deg14-18Intracellular\/extracellular9524-60degAutoinduction40%deg38%20%CYP3A inductionWeakPronouncedModerateCYP3A substrateYesdegNoNo","cop":4,"opa":"Rifabutin has the longer half-life than rifampicin","opb":"Rifabutin has lesser incidence of drug-interactions","opc":"Rifabutin is more efficacious against MAC as compared to rifampicin","opd":"Rifabutin is more efficacious for pulmonary TB as compared to rifampicin","subject_name":"Pharmacology","topic_name":null,"id":"fc3d5863-8850-4136-8bf9-8f7bb80ca2cb","choice_type":"multi"}1015{"question":"Which of the following is most stable restoration for a G.V. Black class V unstable erosive lesion?","exp":null,"cop":3,"opa":"Acid etch composite","opb":"GIC","opc":"Resin modified GIC","opd":"Compomer","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"a2c69e1b-2b47-4fdb-9eca-12d2338f7d8f","choice_type":"single"}1016{"question":"What is seen in syndrome X?","exp":"Syndrome X is a term used as a placeholder for a newly discovered group of symptoms. It may refer to:\n\nCardiac syndrome X\nMetabolic syndrome\nMetabolic syndrome (Formerly known as syndrome x) can dramatically increase your risk of serious health problems, such as diabetes, heart attacks, and strokes yet often people don't even know what it is.\nMetabolic syndrome is generally defined as a cluster of risk factors, including high blood sugar, extra abdominal fat, high blood pressure, and unhealthy cholesterol levels.\nInsulin resistance. Insulin is used to metabolize glucose. In people with insulin resistance, there is resistance against insulin action, due to which the body keeps making more and more of it to cope with the rising level of glucose. Eventually, this can lead to diabetes.","cop":1,"opa":"Prediabetics","opb":"Prehypertensive","opc":"X chromosome mutation","opd":"More chances of syncope during dental extractions","subject_name":"Pathology","topic_name":null,"id":"11dce32c-3739-443e-a77c-224198dc55a1","choice_type":"single"}1017{"question":"The stiffness of the bristles of a nylon toothbrush is dependent on the:","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Diameter and length of filament","opb":"Amount of polish of filament","opc":"Colour of filament","opd":"Consistency of shape of the filament","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"23b88f5e-b7e3-45c0-9728-787444075c25","choice_type":"single"}1018{"question":"Campbell's lines are seen in:","exp":null,"cop":3,"opa":"Transorbital","opb":"Transpharyngeal","opc":"Occipitomental","opd":"Transcranial","subject_name":"Radiology","topic_name":null,"id":"7af75a95-3b56-4e2e-b091-3c3eef052b67","choice_type":"single"}1019{"question":"Free gingival groove represents","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Histologic depth of gingival sulcus","opb":"False pocket depth","opc":"Depth of gingival sulcus","opd":"None of the above","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"f810f86c-2c67-44e8-b0df-0aafe73fa989","choice_type":"multi"}1020{"question":"All of the following are true regarding oxygenases except :","exp":"Ans. d. Required for carboxylation reaction (Ref Harper 2R\/e p9R-102: Lehninger 5\/e p8l 6).Oxygenase (which belongs to oxido-reductase class) cause incorporation of 2 atoms of 0, (dioxygenase) or 1 atom of 02 (monoxygenase or hydroxylase). Carboxylase enzyme, which belongs to ligase class is required for carboxylation.Cytochromes P450 are (heme containing) monoxygenasesdeg which take pa in hydroxylase cycledeg (NADH, NADPH and Fe2 S2 required), detoxify drugs in liver microsomesdeg (with cytochrome b5, Fe2 S2 not required).","cop":4,"opa":"Incorporate 2 atoms of oxygen","opb":"Incorporate 1 atom of oxygen","opc":"Required for hydroxylation of steroids","opd":"Required for carboxylation of drugs","subject_name":"Biochemistry","topic_name":null,"id":"9915c2b8-8f39-4e35-a9c0-08f2f825137a","choice_type":"multi"}1021{"question":"In females adrenal glands are the exclusive source for secretion of?","exp":"Adrenal Androgens:- Adrenal gland exclusively secretes DHEA (DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE) from adrenal coex, especially during fetal life. It also secretes progesterone & oestrogens in minute quantity, which are female sex hormones, but they primarily come from ovaries. Testosterone in females comes from both ovaries and adrenal glands, but majority from ovaries.","cop":3,"opa":"Estrogen","opb":"Testosterone","opc":"DHEAS","opd":"Progesterone","subject_name":"Physiology","topic_name":"AIIMS 2019","id":"f990288f-3d8a-48a3-a4bf-ea3e1a20bf96","choice_type":"single"}1022{"question":"What is the dose of adrenaline in anaphylactic shock?","exp":"Ans. A. 0.5 ml in 1:1000Severe hypersensitivity reactions, anaphylactic shockIM Injection:* Adults: The usual dose is 500 micrograms (0.5ml of adrenaline 1\/1000). If necessary, this dose may be repeated several times at 5-minute intervals according to blood pressure, pulse and respiratory function.* Half doses of adrenaline may be safer for patients who are taking amitriptyline, imipramine or a beta blocker.Paediatric population:* The following doses of adrenaline 1\/1,000 are recommended:AgeDoseOver 12 years0.5 mg IM (0.5ml 1:1000 solution)6 - 12 years0.3 mg IM (0.3ml 1:1000 solution)6 months - 6 years0.15 mg IM (0.15ml 1:1000 solution)Under 6 months0.01mg\/kg IM (0.01ml\/kg 1:1000 solution)* If necessary, these doses may be repeated at 5-15 -minute intervals according to blood pressure, pulse and respiratory function.","cop":1,"opa":"0.5 ml in 1:1000","opb":"0.5 ml in 1:10000","opc":"1 ml in 1:1000","opd":"1.5 ml in 1:1000","subject_name":"Pharmacology","topic_name":null,"id":"4127528f-2cc3-44bc-b07e-446577f5018c","choice_type":"single"}1023{"question":"Which combination forms day care anesthesia","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Fentanyl, propofol, Isoflurane","opb":"Pethidine, Propofol, Isoflurane","opc":"Thiopental pethidime, Halothane","opd":"Thiopentane, isoflurane fantanyt","subject_name":"Surgery","topic_name":null,"id":"e96f4302-770c-4b98-a01a-cae2bd1dfea0","choice_type":"single"}1024{"question":"CEREC AC which is true","exp":null,"cop":3,"opa":"Creates the image by video recording","opb":"Laser beam is used","opc":"LED is used","opd":"Composite metal resin alloy etc","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"3c51b6f8-0c1e-4f6f-9f2b-9b2463364ff2","choice_type":"multi"}1025{"question":"All are used for postpaum hemorrhage except -","exp":"Ans. B. DinoprostonePostpaum hemorrhage, the loss of more than 500 mL of blood after delivery, occurs in up to 18 percent of bihs and is the most common maternal morbidity in developed countries. Dinoprostone:Naturally occurring prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). It has impoant effects in labour.It also stimulates osteoblasts to release factors which stimulates bone resorption by osteoclasts.As a prescription drug it is used as a vaginal suppository, to prepare the cervix for labour and to induce labour. Indication:For the termination of pregnancy during the second trimester (from the 12th through the 20th gestational week as calculated from the first day of the last normal menstrual period), as well as for evacuation of the uterine contents in the management of missed aboion or intrauterine fetal death up to 28 weeks of gestational age as calculated from the first day of the last normal menstrual period.In the management of nonmetastatic gestational trophoblastic disease (benign hydatidiform mole).Other indications include improving the cervical inducibility (cervical \"ripening\") in pregnant women at or near term with a medical or obstetrical need for labor induction, and the management of postpaum hemorrhage.","cop":2,"opa":"Misoprostol","opb":"Dinoprostone","opc":"Prostaglandin F2 alpha","opd":"Oxytocin","subject_name":"Pharmacology","topic_name":null,"id":"1f6b3a83-ed5e-4d0e-90b3-f740ff95c763","choice_type":"multi"}1026{"question":"Ratio of polymer to monomer in cold cure resin","exp":"When\u00a0the\u00a0powder\u00a0and\u00a0liquid\u00a0components\u00a0are mixed in the proper proportions, a doughlike mass results.\u00a0Commercial products generally use a polymer-to-monomer\u00a0ratio of approximately 3:1 by volume.","cop":1,"opa":"3:1 by volume and 2:1 by weight","opb":"3:1 by weight and 2:1 by volume","opc":"2:1 by volume and 2:1 by weight","opd":"3:1 by volume and 3:1 by weight","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"9c46b53f-f0bc-4e3b-9b2e-9e9595bc38c8","choice_type":"single"}1027{"question":"According to WHO classification of periapical pathology, 4.81 means:","exp":"WHO Classification:\n\nKo\u00a04.4 Acute Apical Periodontitis\nKo 4.5 Chronic Apical Periodontitis\nKo 4.6 Periapical Abscess with sinus formation\n\t\n4.60 Sinus to maxillary antrum\n4.61 Sinus to nasal floor\n4.62 Sinus to oral cavity\n4.63 Sinus to outer skin of face\n\n\nKo 4.7 Periapical Abscess without\u00a0sinus\nKo 4.8 Periapical cyst\n\t\n4.80 Apical \/ lateral cyst\n4.81 Residual cyst\n4.82 Inflammatory paradental cyst.","cop":3,"opa":"Periapical cyst","opb":"Lateral cyst","opc":"Residual cyst","opd":"Inflammatory periodontal cyst","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"0984768a-39e6-4291-bc0d-fd61da9d2829","choice_type":"single"}1028{"question":"Termination of diseases by extermination of micro organisms is?","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Eradication","opb":"Control","opc":"Elimination","opd":"Regional elimination","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"bb58a829-673d-42e3-bd68-b4b9c0a56b80","choice_type":"single"}1029{"question":"Which TCA intermediate is used in haem synthesis:","exp":"Solutions: - The first step of haem synthesis uses succinyl CoA which is intermediate to TCA. Fumarate, Alpha keto gluterate and malate (4C) is also intermediate to TCA. Malonate (3C) or malonyl CoA is inhibitor of 3 pathways in body - Succinate DH of TCA - Complex 2 of ETC - Beta oxidation of Fatty acid Acetyl CoA is not an intermediate of TCA. Haem synthesis It occurs in Mitochondria + cytoplasm (So, doesn't occurs in RBC)","cop":4,"opa":"Fumarate","opb":"Alpha keto gluterate","opc":"Malate","opd":"Succinyl CoA","subject_name":"Biochemistry","topic_name":"AIIMS 2019","id":"0ae79405-095f-47c3-8fa6-e61495e66324","choice_type":"single"}1030{"question":"Presence of glucose in urine indicates:","exp":null,"cop":3,"opa":"Patient suffers from diabetes insipidus","opb":"Patient has consumed excess sugar over long years","opc":"Renal threshold for glucose is exceeded","opd":"None of the above","subject_name":"Medicine","topic_name":null,"id":"308610da-6a5d-46d6-8e39-9d56159a3be0","choice_type":"multi"}1031{"question":"What among the following is the use of this?","exp":"The picture given above shows the WBC filter. | WBC's entering the body of the recipient | are the chances of development of transfusion related reactions. Purpose of having this kind of filter is that: - lesser chances of entry of WBC inside the body of the host. - Prevent the entry of (Cell) aggregates inside the body of the recipient. The size of the WBC filters can range from 170- 200m. The size of the transfusion needle is 18-19 gauge.","cop":2,"opa":"Prevent viral infections","opb":"Prevent transfusion related reactions","opc":"Prevent bacterial contamination","opd":"Prevent blood mismatch","subject_name":"Pathology","topic_name":"AIIMS 2019","id":"4e6da460-99e2-4192-b3b6-b10f8827dce2","choice_type":"single"}1032{"question":"A cell membrane is damaged by inseion of a micro needle, repair shall occur by which of the following process?","exp":"Ans. a. Lateral movement of proteins (Ref Harper 29\/e p464, Ganong 24\/e p36)Harper says 'Another indicator of the dynamic nature of membranes is that a variety of studies have shown that lipids and ceain proteins exhibit lateral diffusion in the plane of their membranes","cop":1,"opa":"Lateral movement of proteins","opb":"Enzyme catalysed process","opc":"Hydrophobic interactions","opd":"An active process involving hydrolysis of ATP","subject_name":"Physiology","topic_name":null,"id":"c5065606-5cbb-4adc-85a7-f7e14bf4a75e","choice_type":"multi"}1033{"question":"The common complication of the local anesthetic prilocaine is:","exp":null,"cop":3,"opa":"Agranulocytosis","opb":"Hepatic dysfunction","opc":"Methemoglobinemia","opd":"Loss of taste","subject_name":"Surgery","topic_name":null,"id":"c4dcbe78-cfc2-4499-a2f1-73e18d4e8cab","choice_type":"single"}1034{"question":"Cross sectional from and dimension of lingual bar major connector is:","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"4 gauge full pear shape","opb":"6 gauge half pear shape","opc":"6 gauge round shape","opd":"gauge flat","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"1bf946f2-32f3-4345-aeae-7a58a68a6f1d","choice_type":"single"}1035{"question":"A 22 year old college boy with history of sex with commercial workers came to Derma OPD with lesion in genital region, tissue from this lesion was examined, which is the most likely finding?","exp":"MOLLUSCUM CONTAGIOSUM VIRUS It is an obligate human pox Virus that produces characteristic skin lesions. Clinical Manifestations Pink pearly wa-like lesions (2-5 mm size),umbilicated with a characteristic dimple at the centre. Lesions are characterized by: - Lack of associated inflammation and necrosis - Found singly or in clusters Distribution: lesions are found anywhere on the body except on palms and soles. Genital lesions are seen in adults Molluscum bodies are the Intracytoplasmic Eosinophilic inclusions seen in skin scrapings stained with histopathological stains.","cop":1,"opa":"Intracytoplasmic vacuolations","opb":"Multinucleated giant cells","opc":"Belongs to Herpes family","opd":"It's a RNA virus","subject_name":"Microbiology","topic_name":"AIIMS 2019","id":"7cc17f9f-5ecd-4e71-b32f-74fdf3a6537b","choice_type":"single"}1036{"question":"Which of the following is advantage of sub-marginal flop?","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Cause less gingival shrinking","opb":"Cause Less scars","opc":"Less intra-operative bleeding","opd":"None of the above","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"874d4aa8-bd34-404b-82a4-acc9bd5a62a9","choice_type":"multi"}1037{"question":"Glossy smooth margins of a casting are due to:","exp":null,"cop":3,"opa":"Shrinkage of alloy on cooling","opb":"Investment breakdown","opc":"Incomplete wax elimination","opd":"Incomplete gas elimination","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"127f11db-dde3-4ebf-9748-9c2e56708e84","choice_type":"multi"}1038{"question":"What is the working time of zinc polycarboxylate cement?","exp":"Control of Working Time\n\nThe working time for polycarboxylate cement is much shorter than that for zinc phosphate cement, approximately 2.5 versus 5\u00a0minutes.\u00a0\u00a0\nThe graph shows\u00a0the\u00a0relative\u00a0viscosities\u00a0and working times of zinc phosphate, polycarboxylate, and GICs as they set.\u00a0\nA cool slab lengthens the working time for zinc carboxylate cement, although it causes the polyacrylic acid to thicken, which hinders mixing.\u00a0\nRefrigerating the powder is useful, because it retards the reaction without raising the viscosity of the liquid.\nPolycarboxylate cements are more viscous than a comparable mix of GIC; however, the polycarboxylate mix undergoes thinning at an increased shear rate.\u00a0\nClinically, this means that rapid spatulation and fast seating will reduce the viscosity of the polycarboxylate cement to ensure complete seating.","cop":3,"opa":"1 minute","opb":"2 minutes","opc":"3 minutes","opd":"4 minutes","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"3569a377-99ad-4363-bb2c-ad95cb9f3a03","choice_type":"single"}1039{"question":"Risk factors for Coronary artery disease are all except","exp":null,"cop":4,"opa":"Smoking","opb":"Increased fibrinogen level","opc":"Hypertension","opd":"Alcohol consumption","subject_name":"Medicine","topic_name":null,"id":"067c672c-d753-487d-aa0b-d6e73f98aa2d","choice_type":"multi"}1040{"question":"In esophageal varices bleeding, which of the following is not used?","exp":"Answer- C. Platelet transfusionBeta-blockersEndoscopic sclerotherapyEndoscopic variceal ligation (banding)A medication called octreotide - will lower the pressure in the swollen veins by tightening the blood vessels and reducing blood flow.Transjugular intrahepatic poosystemic shunt (TIPS) procedure is another potential treatment option for recurrent bleeding esophageal varices","cop":3,"opa":"Endoscopy banding","opb":"Octreotide","opc":"Platelet transfusion","opd":"TIPS","subject_name":"Surgery","topic_name":null,"id":"4720c165-03b3-4a1a-9e51-1f36c0bcd1be","choice_type":"single"}1041{"question":"Posterior pituitary insufficiency leads to:","exp":"ADH SYNTHESIS IN SUPRAOPTIC AND PARAVENTRICULAR NUCLEI OF THE HYPOTHALAMUS AND ADH RELEASE FROM THE POSTERIOR PITUITARY\nFigure shows the neuroanatomy of the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland, where ADH is synthesized and released. The hypothalamus contains two types of magnocellular (large) neurons that synthesize ADH in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus, about five sixths in the supraoptic nuclei and about one sixth in the paraventricular nuclei. Both of these nuclei have axonal extensions to the posterior pituitary.\nThe\u00a0most\u00a0important\u00a0renal\u00a0action\u00a0of\u00a0ADH\u00a0is\u00a0to\u00a0increase\u00a0the\u00a0water permeability\u00a0 of\u00a0 the\u00a0 distal\u00a0 tubule,\u00a0 collecting\u00a0 tubule,\u00a0and collecting\u00a0duct\u00a0epithelia. This effect helps the body to conserve water in circumstances such as dehydration. In the absence of ADH, the permeability of the distal tubules and collecting ducts to water is low, causing the kidneys to excrete large amounts of dilute urine, a condition called diabetes insipidus. Thus, the actions of ADH play a key role in controlling the degree of dilution or concentration of the urine.","cop":2,"opa":"Diabetes mellitus","opb":"Diabetes insipidus","opc":"Dwarfism","opd":"Cretinism","subject_name":"Physiology","topic_name":null,"id":"9aea1874-b4cf-4ba0-8de4-ac60866796ba","choice_type":"single"}1042{"question":"All are used in preterm labour to decrease uterine contractility except:","exp":null,"cop":4,"opa":"Methyl alcohol","opb":"Ritodrine","opc":"Magnesium sulphate","opd":"Dexamethasone","subject_name":"Gynaecology & Obstetrics","topic_name":null,"id":"7bc43b0e-3731-49ad-a734-c924220e3deb","choice_type":"multi"}1043{"question":"Site specificity is seen in:","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"Syphilis","opb":"Recurrent herpes Labialis","opc":"Carcinoma","opd":"Traumatic aphthous ulcer","subject_name":"Pathology","topic_name":null,"id":"cd385d3e-f948-4dbf-bccb-3e67436a580b","choice_type":"single"}1044{"question":"Remodelling theory of craniofacial growth was given by","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Brash","opb":"John hunter","opc":"Vander Klauuw","opd":"Sicher & Weinmann","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"9a664b49-9962-466f-a160-3ae2036dd720","choice_type":"single"}1045{"question":"10-year-old boy visits dentist with complicated crown fracture with abscess formation in 12. X-ray reveals radiolucency in relation to 11, 12. 12 is having immature  blunderbuss canal while 11 has complete root formation, vitality of 11, 21 is negative. What would be the management of this patient?","exp":"Since 11 is mature and has complete root formation, RCT will be preferred for this tooth.\nDue to immature status of 12 as evident from blunder- buss canal revascularization should be attempted for this tooth.","cop":2,"opa":"Apexification of 12 and RCT of 11","opb":"Revascularization in 12 and RCT of 11","opc":"RCT of 12 and 11","opd":"Extraction of 12 and RCT in 11","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"17cb7e3f-0ca7-4937-a407-76bf9f401143","choice_type":"single"}1046{"question":"Lymphocytes found in the pulp proper are:","exp":"Lymphocytes, both T and B, are\u00a0found in cell-rich zone and function in an immune capacity of\u00a0the pulp.\nBut in pulp-proper zone, only T-lymphocytes are present.","cop":1,"opa":"T lymphocytes","opb":"B lymphocytes","opc":"Both","opd":"None","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"56f96be4-b9c5-4ddf-bb48-1f01e541184f","choice_type":"multi"}1047{"question":"A 2 months old child was brought to the subcenter by his mother with complaints of fever for two days. Weight of the child is 2 kg. On examination, the child is restless and irritable, skin pinch went back in 2 seconds, oral mucosa is dry and eyes were sunken. There were ten pustules on his forehead. What should be done at the subcenter?","exp":"Ans: C. Give first dose of antibiotic and refer to higher center in an ambulance with sips of ORS along the way.(Ref .Ghai 8th\/e p752-753: IMNCI Guidelines).Multiple signs of possible serious bacterial infection (10 skin pustules, diarrhea with severe dehydration & weight = 2 kg which is <-3SD).Hence, child should be immediately given first dose of injectable antibiotic, kept warm & referred to hospital with sips of ORS along the way","cop":3,"opa":"Refer to higher center with mother giving frequent sips of ORS.","opb":"Immediately admit the child, give IV fluids and then refer to higher center.","opc":"Give first dose of antibiotic and refer to higher center in an ambulance with sips of ORS along the way.","opd":"Send child home with few packets of ORS and call after 3 days.","subject_name":"Pediatrics","topic_name":null,"id":"bd279945-7401-4ea3-9f54-bcda518ecc9c","choice_type":"multi"}1048{"question":"In a left skewed curve, true statement is:","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"Mean = Median","opb":"Mean < Mode","opc":"Mean >Mode","opd":"Mean = Mode","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"91b1635b-021f-4945-bb1d-5bdeed6389f4","choice_type":"multi"}1049{"question":"Which of the following are seen in ectodermal dysplasia?","exp":"Hyper pyrexia due to hypohidrosis, hypotrichosis, hypodontia, protuberant lips and depressed nasal and supraorbital bridges are important features of ectodermal dysphasia","cop":4,"opa":"Hyperpyrexia","opb":"Protuberant lips and frontal bossing","opc":"Defective or absence of sweat glands","opd":"Any of the above","subject_name":"Pathology","topic_name":null,"id":"cb19c2ac-3ade-4f32-9a3f-64f3d6efd517","choice_type":"multi"}1050{"question":"A 60-year-old has got severe bulla and target lesion which erythema around halo and genital lesions:","exp":"Stevens \u2014 Johnson syndrome is very severe bullous form of erythema multiformae and is characterized by oral, ocular and genital lesions.","cop":1,"opa":"Stevens Jhonson syndrome","opb":"Herpes zoster","opc":"Herpes simplex","opd":"Herpangina","subject_name":"Pathology","topic_name":null,"id":"e03a6d53-0c8b-4bf7-9710-c19083bcb018","choice_type":"single"}1051{"question":"A patient comes to ER with headache describing it as worst headache in his life. What is the next step?","exp":"Worst headache of my life s\/o SAH Any intracranial bleeding, we need to do NCCT Shows blood in syln fissure from MCA (Middle cerebral aery) Lumbar puncture- C\/I as patient may be having | ICT","cop":1,"opa":"CT brain","opb":"Lumbar puncture","opc":"MRI brain","opd":"Observation and analgesics","subject_name":"Medicine","topic_name":"AIIMS 2017","id":"86222cd5-174b-4f22-b54c-280039bb8322","choice_type":"multi"}1052{"question":"According to Vertucci\u2019s classification of root canal, the fig shows:","exp":null,"cop":3,"opa":"Type III","opb":"Type IV","opc":"Type V","opd":"Type VI","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"6f4298ba-7916-4f1d-bd69-bd85a464d629","choice_type":"single"}1053{"question":"In SCHWARTZ formula for calculation of creatinine clearance in a child, the constant depends on the following except \u2013","exp":"Schwartz formula (for creatine clearance in child).\n\nCreatinine clearance = K x height.\/ creatinine.\nK = constant\n\nK depends upon --> Age, Muscle mass, Method of creatinine estimation","cop":4,"opa":"Age","opb":"Method of estimation of creatinine","opc":"Mass","opd":"Severity of renal failure","subject_name":"Pediatrics","topic_name":null,"id":"2a9cc59f-8f5f-4035-8010-07d1cc7a2f64","choice_type":"multi"}1054{"question":"Pulpal medication and thermal protection is given by","exp":null,"cop":3,"opa":"Solution liners (2-5 \u03bcm)","opb":"Suspension Liners (25-30 \u03bcm)","opc":"Traditional Liner (0.2-0.3 mm)","opd":"Cement bases","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"4a6df62e-15c7-471f-8dc7-d13ff49f0502","choice_type":"single"}1055{"question":"Epstein pearls are:","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Gingival cyst of newborn","opb":"Gingival cyst of adult","opc":"Enamel pearls","opd":"Epithelial rests","subject_name":"Pathology","topic_name":null,"id":"9a05d9f9-5d33-4d91-a084-6a11d7701611","choice_type":"single"}1056{"question":"White flecks yellow or brown spots on surface of teeth covering, giving papery white appearance","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Mottled enamel","opb":"Incipient caries","opc":"Dental stains","opd":"Smooth caries","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"d5b9b2b3-09f3-41b8-89a1-232e7c61b806","choice_type":"single"}1057{"question":"Adult stage of filarial worms responsible for diseases in all of the following except:","exp":"Ans: B. Onchocerca volvulus Adult stage of Onchocerca volvulus filarial worms does not cause any illness or disease.Onchocerciasis:Primarily affects skin, eyes & lymph nodes.In contrast to pathology in lymphatic filariasis, onchocerciasis damage elicited by microfilariae & not by adult parasites.Onchocerca microfilariae:Released from female worms causing most severe damage.Migrating microfilariae (exclusively found in interstitial fluids of skin & subdermal tissues not bloodstream).Cause changes in skin pigment & loss of elastic fibers a \"hanging groin, severe intractable & intolerable pruritus.Blindness (primarily men) develops over many years - Due to microfilariae accumulation in vitreous humor.Are not blood borne & hence, concentrate & remain in eye.Visual clouding, photophobia & ultimately retinal damage a Incurable blindness.(Ref: Harrison 19\/e p1420).","cop":2,"opa":"Brugia malayi","opb":"Onchocerca volvulus","opc":"Mansonella ozzardi","opd":"Wuchereria bancrofti","subject_name":"Microbiology","topic_name":null,"id":"77a7b433-d391-4cef-b44e-5a9fd45d4756","choice_type":"multi"}1058{"question":"Tooth in the mandibular arch which is most likely to be\ndisplaced due to arch size discrepancy is","exp":"Mandibular 2nd premolar is the most likely tooth to be displaced due to arch size discrepancy.","cop":4,"opa":"First molar","opb":"Second molar","opc":"First premolar","opd":"Second premolar","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"4abe89b3-2fab-4615-8ba3-be109a8927fb","choice_type":"single"}1059{"question":"Inferiohyroid aery is a branch ol?","exp":"Ans. A. Thyrocervical trunkRef: Grays Anatomy,4Ia ed., pg. 455458Inferior thyroid aery is branch of thyrocervical trunk of subclan aery.The thyrocervical trunk arises fiom the front of the first pa of the subclan aery near the medial border of scalenus anterior, and divides into the inferior thyroid, suprascapular and superficial cervical aeries.","cop":1,"opa":"Thyrocervical trunk","opb":"ICA","opc":"Costocervical trunk","opd":"ECA","subject_name":"Anatomy","topic_name":null,"id":"0b81f878-0e23-4c6b-9fcd-697e8ea660c3","choice_type":"single"}1060{"question":"Secondary flare provides a marginal metal of:","exp":"Secondary flare:\nIt is a flat plane superimposed peripherally to the primary flare. Advantages are:\n\nSecondary flare ensures cavosurface margins to extend into embrasures (self-cleansing area).\nPermits easy burnishing and finishing of the restoration.\nProduces more obtuse-angled and stronger cavosurface margin.\n\nIn class II cast gold inlay, proximal box should have flares so as to have metal of 30-40\u00b0 which is burnishable.","cop":2,"opa":"10-20 degrees","opb":"30-40 degrees","opc":"140-150 degrees","opd":"None of the above","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"aa635b02-d0c0-4006-a489-112ad9829e4d","choice_type":"multi"}1061{"question":"A patient comes to a dentist with decayed mandibular 1st molar which involves the mesiobuccal and distobuccal cusp. The restoration of choice is:","exp":"The cast-metal inlay is an alternative to amalgam or composite when the higher strength of a casting alloy is needed or when the superior control of contours and contacts that the indirect procedure provides is desired. The cast-metal onlay is often an excellent alternative to a crown for teeth that have been greatly weakened by caries or by large, failing restorations but where the facial and lingual tooth surfaces are relatively unaffected by disease or injury. For such weakened teeth, the superior physical properties of a casting alloy are desirable to withstand the occlusal loads placed on the restoration; also the onlay can be designed to distribute occlusal loads over the tooth in a manner that decreases the chance of tooth fracture in the future.\nSturdevant operative dentistry\u00a07th\u00a0Edition, Page No:e94","cop":3,"opa":"Intermediate restoration","opb":"Composite","opc":"Cast metal","opd":"GIC","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"ecc4eaa4-4fcd-4c62-9c73-2a047b98cdc5","choice_type":"single"}1062{"question":"Marathon runner had pain in anteromedial tibia on regular walking\/jogging for long hours. X ray is normal. Doctor orders a bone scan. What may be the probable diagnosis","exp":"Answer: B. Shin splintShin splints (medial tibial stress syndrome) is an inflammation of the muscles, tendons, and bone tissue around your tibia.Pain typically occurs along the inner border of the tibia, where muscles attach to the bone.Shin splint pain most often occurs on the inside edge of your tibia","cop":2,"opa":"Jones fracture","opb":"Shin splint","opc":"Lisfranc fracture","opd":"Nutcracker","subject_name":"Surgery","topic_name":null,"id":"23022df5-e07c-40f9-9f79-b3adff072f5e","choice_type":"single"}1063{"question":"Radiographic finding in Pindborg tumour is","exp":null,"cop":3,"opa":"burst appearance","opb":"Onion-peel appearance","opc":"Driven-snow appearance","opd":"Cherry-blossom appearance","subject_name":"Pathology","topic_name":null,"id":"66a92c79-4225-497b-a55b-349983929898","choice_type":"single"}1064{"question":"Risk of endocarditis is more in all   in all of the following lesions except:","exp":"Risk of endocarditis is less in low pressure lesions like Atrial septal defect (ASD) while it is more in high pressure lesions like ventricular septal defect (VSD), mitral regurgitation and aortic regurgitation.","cop":4,"opa":"VSD.","opb":"MR.","opc":"AR.","opd":"ASD.","subject_name":"Medicine","topic_name":null,"id":"5431f910-7edc-4bf7-a59a-00196a99b846","choice_type":"multi"}1065{"question":"The green stains frequently seen on children's teeth are\ncaused by","exp":null,"cop":4,"opa":"Materia alba","opb":"Enamel defects","opc":"Dentinal defects","opd":"Chromogenic bacteria","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"fe1e99cd-7e44-4118-b421-5944a39e5ae5","choice_type":"single"}1066{"question":"At low infusion rates of 3-5 mcg\/kg\/min, what action is produced by dopamine?","exp":"Ans: B. Increased renal blood flow(Ref: Goodman Gilman 12\/e p355; KDT 7\/e p134. 6\/e p507)Action of dopamine:At low concentrations (2 to 5 mcg\/kg per minute):Primarily acts on vascular D1 receptors.Mainly renal, mesenteric & coronary beds.By activating adenylyl cyclase a raising intracellular cyclic AMP concentrations.D1 receptor stimulation a Vasodilation.Increases in glomerular filtration rate, renal blood flow & Nat+ K+ - ATPase pump.","cop":2,"opa":"Vasoconstriction","opb":"Increased renal blood flow","opc":"Increased cardiac contractility","opd":"Decreased blood pressure","subject_name":"Pharmacology","topic_name":null,"id":"416729b9-8f0b-45d1-aa27-6674dacb9975","choice_type":"single"}1067{"question":"Posselt's diagram indicates?","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Motion of mandible","opb":"Protrusive relation of central incisor","opc":"Antero-superior relation of condyle in articular fossa in CR","opd":"None of the above","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"aec7983a-c204-4413-a238-5363abd77faa","choice_type":"multi"}1068{"question":"Which is the most common site for fracture in zygomatic arch fracture?","exp":null,"cop":3,"opa":"At the suture","opb":"Anterior to zygomaticotemporal suture","opc":"Posterior to zygomaticotemporal suture","opd":"None of the above","subject_name":"Surgery","topic_name":null,"id":"71e11d65-2238-4a3f-9b41-bfb7218c66e5","choice_type":"multi"}1069{"question":"While taking final impression tray should be seated first:","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Anteriorly","opb":"Posteriorly","opc":"Anteriorly or posteriorly depending upon operators choice","opd":"Anteriorly and posteriorly simultaneously","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"01568e8b-f7f3-45bf-b1e0-3927e972d06c","choice_type":"single"}1070{"question":"Following bilateral mandibular fracture in the canine region, the following muscles will tend to pull the mandible back:","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Genioglossus and anterior belly of digastric","opb":"Genioglossus and mylohyoid","opc":"Genioglossus and thyrohyoid","opd":"Genioglossus and masseter","subject_name":"Surgery","topic_name":null,"id":"07f7dc0f-6050-4d44-b532-71e4d2787bac","choice_type":"single"}1071{"question":"The anemia associated with leukemia","exp":null,"cop":3,"opa":"Iron deficiency","opb":"Megaloblastic type","opc":"Myelophthisic type","opd":"All of the above","subject_name":"Medicine","topic_name":null,"id":"b674d02e-af50-4f16-9f81-e3983a854b6a","choice_type":"multi"}1072{"question":"To regain arch length in anterior segment by moving incisors labially","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Cephalometric analysis have to be made before taking up treatment","opb":"Use tongue blade therapy 20 times 1 day","opc":"Use of 7 spring with Hawley's retainer","opd":"Use on anterior bite plane","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"f282ac31-8ff6-4a2b-b1d3-f2ce16552888","choice_type":"multi"}1073{"question":"According to scientists, recent studies says about the pattern of enamel prism demineralization, true is:","exp":"Enamel is mainly composed of millions of enamel rods or prisms, sheaths and a cementing inter rod substance.\nEach rod has a head and tail.\u00a0\nThe head is directed occlusally and the tail is directed cervically.\u00a0\nBasically, acid etching creates a 5 to 50 micron deep microporous layer into which adhesive resin flows.\u00a0\nThis results in a long-lasting enamel bond achieved via micromechanical interlocking between the resin and enamel.\nEtching produces irregular and pitted surface with numerous microscopic undercuts with uneven dissolution of heads and tails, the latter being more resistant.\n\nRef: Textbook of Operative Dentistry, Nisha and Amit Garg, 3rd edition, Pg no:28,237","cop":4,"opa":"Head and tail both are resistant to dissolution","opb":"Head and tail both are not resistant to dissolution","opc":"Head is more resistant to dissolution","opd":"Tail is more resistant to dissolution","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"3ff2f4ae-4e85-475c-9456-223c81930e98","choice_type":"multi"}1074{"question":"Central value of a set of 180 values can be obtained by","exp":"Quartile: Divides a distribution into 4 equal parts, so the number of intercepts required will be 3, i.e. Q1, Q2, Q3\n\n\u2013 So, Zero \u2013 Q1 covers 25% values\n\u2013 Similarly, Q2 \u2013 Q1, Q3 \u2013 Q2 and 100 \u2013 Q3 all cover 25% values each\n\u2013 Thus, Q2 \u2013 Zero, 100 \u2013 Q2 and Q3 \u2013 Q1 all cover 50% values each\n\u2013 Q1 divides a distribution in a ratio of 25 : 75 OR 1 : 3\n\u2013 Q2 divides a distribution in a ratio of 50 : 50 OR 1 : 1, Thus second quartile is equivalent to median\n\u2013 Q3 divides a distribution in a ratio of 75 : 25 OR 3 : 1.\nIn the given question, n = 180\nThus Q2 which is equivalent to median, divides a distribution in a ratio of 50 : 50 OR 1 : 1.","cop":3,"opa":"2nd tertile","opb":"90th percentile","opc":"2nd quartile","opd":"9th decile","subject_name":"Social & Preventive Medicine","topic_name":null,"id":"764c0c80-b716-45a1-9fe7-b13588090401","choice_type":"single"}1075{"question":"In order to reduce non-working side interference, reduce","exp":null,"cop":4,"opa":"Maxillary supporting cusp","opb":"Mandibular supporting cusp","opc":"Both maxillary and mandibular supporting cusps","opd":"Either of the jaw\u2019s supporting cusps","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"73b84afd-bfc4-4fcb-aa45-345d1ef61dfc","choice_type":"multi"}1076{"question":"What will be treatment plan for a parasymphysial fracture in a 55 year old man.","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"IMF for 3 weeks","opb":"IMF for 6 weeks","opc":"Compression plate is must","opd":"Non union will occur if reconstruction plate is not given","subject_name":"Surgery","topic_name":null,"id":"ec6967c1-a9cd-4905-966d-9c9b7bb5a8f2","choice_type":"single"}1077{"question":"ADA sp. Number fir dental excavating burs:","exp":null,"cop":4,"opa":"20","opb":"21","opc":"22","opd":"23","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"f9c97abd-33dd-4262-b287-42f7bd033097","choice_type":"single"}1078{"question":"False about enamel rods is","exp":"Option C is false as diameter of enamel rod (avg) is 5 micrometer at DEJ and 8 micrometer at surface.","cop":3,"opa":"They are perpendicular to tooth surface","opb":"They are parallel to each other","opc":"Diameter of enamel rods is 30micrometer at DEJ","opd":"Diameter of enamel rod is 5 micrometer at DEJ","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"fd188bc0-c100-44ae-bd1e-ef51e94e6425","choice_type":"multi"}1079{"question":"Radiographs are of no help in the diagnosis of","exp":null,"cop":3,"opa":"Cementoma","opb":"Subluxation teeth","opc":"Acute alveolar abscess","opd":"Impacted canines","subject_name":"Radiology","topic_name":null,"id":"1a005431-798b-4360-83a1-01d29c494ca4","choice_type":"single"}1080{"question":"CPR should have a ratio of chest compression to mouth breathing of:","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"1:04","opb":"4:01","opc":"2:03","opd":"3:02","subject_name":"Medicine","topic_name":null,"id":"a35fecfa-0c54-497b-957c-58da96b3716a","choice_type":"single"}1081{"question":"The use of stress breaker in modern dentistry is avoided because","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"It affects abutment more","opb":"It affects alveolar ridge","opc":"It affects both abutment and alveolar ridge","opd":"None of the above","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"08650ad1-3a19-41f4-a1d6-8e44e6413aca","choice_type":"multi"}1082{"question":"Which of the following does not complicate into CHF \u2013","exp":"The ventricular septal defect of TOF is always large enough to allow free exit to the right to left shunt.\nSince the right ventricle is effectively decompressed by VSD, Congestive cardiac failure never occurs in TOE\nExceptions to this rule are : -\n\n\nAnemia\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\nInfective endocarditis\n\niii) Systemic hypertension\niv) Myocarditis complicating TOF\nV) Aortic or pulmonic regurgitation.\n\nRemember:\nFollowing do not occur in TOF -->\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 o Cardiomegaly\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 o CHF\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 o Recurrent chest infections","cop":3,"opa":"Co\u2013relation of aorta","opb":"Transposition of great vessels","opc":"Tetralogy of fallot's","opd":"Patent ductus arteriorus","subject_name":"Pediatrics","topic_name":null,"id":"914b925a-424d-4ca2-8a94-bdd73f14c65f","choice_type":"multi"}1083{"question":"Leeway space is due to ?","exp":"When the primary molars and canine are exfoliated the combined width of primary molars and canine are significantly larger than the premolars and permanent canine that replace them, and the \u201cleeway space\u201d provided by this difference offers an excellent opportunity of natural or orthodontic adjustment of occlusal relationships at the end of the dental transition","cop":1,"opa":"Space differential between deciduous canine and molar and their succedaneous permanent teeth","opb":"Space differential between deciduous incisors and their succedaneous permanent teeth","opc":"Difference between deciduous and permanent maxillary and mandibular canines only","opd":"Difference between deciduous and permanent maxillary and mandibular molars only","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"2fd85795-3aca-4bd2-b367-256d33655e91","choice_type":"single"}1084{"question":"All are sensory to the palate except:","exp":null,"cop":4,"opa":"Maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve","opb":"Facial nerve","opc":"Glossopharyngeal nerve","opd":"Hypoglossal nerve","subject_name":"Anatomy","topic_name":null,"id":"27a55dd4-2931-4c86-ba40-7f3b341c9b34","choice_type":"multi"}1085{"question":"According to Weber-Fechner's law, strength of stimulus perceived is directly propoional to:","exp":"Ans: A. Intensity of stimulus(Ref: Guyton 13\/e p615)According to Weber-Fechner's Law, strength of stimulus perceived is directly propoional to intensity of stimulus.\"Weber-Fechner Principle--Detection of \"Ratio\" of Stimulus Strength: In the mid 1800s, Weber first and Fechner later proposed the principle that gradations of stimulus strength are discriminated approximately in propoion to the logarithm of stimulus strength.","cop":1,"opa":"Intensity of stimulus","opb":"Amplitude of action potential","opc":"Number of neurons stimulated","opd":"Number of receptors stimulated","subject_name":"Physiology","topic_name":null,"id":"98893c1c-a979-476e-8b82-ef3bd2a02da7","choice_type":"single"}1086{"question":"In a functional implant, bone loss seen annually after 1 year is:","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"1.5 to 2 mm","opb":"Less than 0.1 mm","opc":"1 to 2 mm","opd":"1 to 1.5 mm","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"5c1480fc-941a-40a6-895b-537be91bcadb","choice_type":"multi"}1087{"question":"A baby presents with tetany. First thing to be done is administration of :","exp":"The baby presenting with tetany is hypocalcemic, so must be treated immediately with calcium gluconate I.V. Treatment of hypocalcemia.\nAcute or Severe Tetany\nThe objective of the treatment is to correct hypocalcemia immediately with calcium gluconate I.V\nMaintenance management of hypoparathyroidism and chronic hypocakenzia.\nThe objective is to maintain serum calcium and serum phosphase at approximately normal levels. It usually requires.\n\n1.\u00a0Diet\u00a0\u00a0--->\u00a0Calcium supplements and diet rich in calcium.\n2.\u00a0Vitamin D supplementation\u00a0\u00a0--->\u00a0Ergocakiferol or dihydrotachysterol.","cop":3,"opa":"Diazepam","opb":"Vitamin D","opc":"Calcium gluconate","opd":"Calcitonin","subject_name":"Pediatrics","topic_name":null,"id":"73b821cd-6c0f-427f-bd1c-ccc14a5f4267","choice_type":"single"}1088{"question":"Maximum level of alpha fetoprotein is seen in:","exp":"Alpha fetoprotein is the most abundant protein in the fetal serum throughout fetal development.\nIt is transferred from fetus to amniotic fluid when fetus passes urine.\nThe concentration of AFP in amniotic fluid is approximately 100 folds less than in fetal serum, peaks at 13-14 weeks and then decreases in the second trimester (by 10% per week).\nAFP reaches the maternal serum by diffusion across the amniotic membranes and via the placenta.\nThe level of AFP in maternal serum is less than fetal serum as is suggested by:\n\n\u201cFetal serum contains AFP in a concentration 150 times that of maternal serum\u201d.\nCOGDT 10\/e, p 185\n\u201cOrdinarily high level of fetoprotein are found in developing fetus and low levels exist in maternal serum and amniotic fluid\u201d.\nMannual of Laboratory and Diagnostic Test Fishback 7\/e, p 995","cop":1,"opa":"Fetal serum","opb":"Placenta","opc":"Amniotic fluid","opd":"Maternal serum","subject_name":"Gynaecology & Obstetrics","topic_name":null,"id":"065b4850-1738-4a30-9c3f-1fb89d9c0123","choice_type":"single"}1089{"question":"Anthracis causes which pulmonary manifestations-","exp":"Answer- B. Hemorrhagic mediastinitisA low-grade fever and a nonproductive cough. Substernal discomfo early in the illness. Inhalational anthrax progresses rapidly, causing hemorrhagic mediastinitisHigh feverSevere shoness of breathTachypneaCyanosisProfuse diaphoresisHematemesis","cop":2,"opa":"Atypical pneumonia","opb":"Hemorrhagic mediastinitis","opc":"Lung abscess","opd":"Bronchopulmonary pneumonia","subject_name":"Medicine","topic_name":null,"id":"3e2e85ff-abd6-4b35-bab8-b5fe0b78bdd9","choice_type":"single"}1090{"question":"Which of the following vaccine is not included in EPI schedule","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"DPT","opb":"MMR","opc":"BCG","opd":"OPV","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"fedcc613-e577-40ff-a801-5d57fba1548e","choice_type":"single"}1091{"question":"Vasopressin antagonist acts on which pa of the nephron?","exp":"Answer- D (Medullary collecting duct)'The mechanism by which vasopressin exes its anti-diuretic effect is activated by V2 receptors and involves the inseion of aquaporin-2 into the apical (luminal) membranes at the principle cells of the collecting duct.'","cop":4,"opa":"Proximal convoluted tubule","opb":"Distal convoluted tubule","opc":"Coical collecting tubule","opd":"Medullary collecting duct","subject_name":"Pharmacology","topic_name":null,"id":"07c14e46-ad2b-4fde-8652-bd47b36e69ab","choice_type":"single"}1092{"question":"Which of the following anti-tubercular drug can cause ophthalmological toxicity?","exp":"Ethambutol side effect: causes Red Green color blindness (Ophthalmological toxicity) Isoniazid side effects: Neurotoxicity, Hepatotoxicity. Pyrazinamide side effects: Hyperuricemia (gouty ahritis). Rifampicin side effects: Hepatotoxicity, orange red urine and tears etc.","cop":3,"opa":"Isoniazid","opb":"Rifampicin","opc":"Ethambutol","opd":"Pyrazinamide","subject_name":"Pharmacology","topic_name":"AIIMS 2018","id":"604ef1a2-7595-4718-9f8c-12292063e19f","choice_type":"single"}1093{"question":"Compared to unfractionated heparin, Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) has reliable anticoagulant action because:","exp":"Answer- B. It is less protein boundCompared to unfractionated heparin, Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) has reliable anticoagulant action because it is less protein bound.Indications of LMW heparins:Prophylaxis of DVT and pulmonary embolism in high-risk patients undergoing surgery stroke or other immobilized patientsTreatment of established DVTUnstable anginaTo maintain patency of cannulae and shunts in dialysis patients and in extracorporeal circulation.","cop":2,"opa":"It interferes with thrombin and antithrombin III simultaneously","opb":"It is less protein bound","opc":"It is given subcutaneously","opd":"It is cleared by macrophages","subject_name":"Pharmacology","topic_name":null,"id":"7a3a771f-2b56-4af8-b967-3c991b394bc6","choice_type":"single"}1094{"question":"Rake angle for tungsten carbide burs:","exp":null,"cop":4,"opa":"Positive.","opb":"Neutral.","opc":"Slight negative.","opd":"Both BC","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"8abb6456-0bb3-4f01-83e4-138e341b3cd1","choice_type":"multi"}1095{"question":"You went to a sub center as pa of an audit. How many infants should be registered with a health worker working there?","exp":"Ans: B. 100Ref: K Park, 23d ed., pg. 524, 567Estimated no. of infants in a health sub centre covering 5000 population can be calculated as follows:No. of live bih = Bih rate x Population\/ 1000= 20.4 x 5000\/1000 = 102Infant moality for sub centre = No. of live bih x IMR\/1000= 102 x 34\/1000= 3.5 (for calculation purpose we assume it 4)Therefore, total number of infants = 102 -- 4= 98Hence correct answer is 100 (nearest value).","cop":2,"opa":"50","opb":"100","opc":"150","opd":"200","subject_name":"Social & Preventive Medicine","topic_name":null,"id":"ae3aa91a-4bfb-42a5-b8f6-7f8217e18fb0","choice_type":"single"}1096{"question":"Dr Bernhard Giesenhagen gave which of the following","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Bone ring technique","opb":"Bone flap technique","opc":"Overlap technique","opd":"Bone pouch technique","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"01024fa5-94ba-4fa4-b322-6e9733f3553f","choice_type":"single"}1097{"question":"Modification spaces are:","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Spaces other than the original class","opb":"Space posterior to all teeth","opc":"Space anterior to all teeth","opd":"Additional space in class IV","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"99d8d535-2f50-4aeb-8e2e-f798f1aca579","choice_type":"multi"}1098{"question":"What is the nerve supply of the angle of the jaw?","exp":"Ans: D. Greater auricular nerve(Ref: Gray's 41Ie p407, 413, 40Ie p435)The skin over the angle of mandible is supplied by the greater auricular nerve, which carries branches from anterior ramus of C2 and C3. Branches of Upper Cervical Spinal NervesGreat auricular nerveBranches from anterior rami of 2\" & 3rd cervical spinal nervesdegInnervates skin over the angle of mandible, parotid gland & earlobedegLesser occipital nerveBranches from anterior rami of 2\" & 3rd cervical spinal nervesdegInnervates scalp behind the eardeg.Greater occipital nerveBranching off the posterior ramus of the 2\" cervical spinal nervesdegInnervates scalp of occipital areadeg3rd occipital nerve:Branches off the posterior ramus of 3rd cervical nervedegInnervates scalp in occipital & sub occipital areasdeg.","cop":4,"opa":"Mandibular nerve","opb":"Maxillary nerve","opc":"Lesser occipital nerve","opd":"Greater auricular nerve","subject_name":"Anatomy","topic_name":null,"id":"464d6db1-cbf6-44c5-89b0-1599071e3a72","choice_type":"single"}1099{"question":"A child has received full Rabies vaccination in December 2018 and now presented with oozing wound on Great toe and the pet had vaccination also. Next line of management is","exp":"According to NRCP 2015,National Rabies prophylaxis Guidelines (NRPG) says even the pet is vaccinated, no chance is taken, Rabies is 100% Fatal disease. So, Pet's vaccination status is not so relevant in India guidelines Post exposure prophylaxis. 2 IM doses of Rabies vaccine on Day 0,3. Day 0 3 7 14 28 ESSEN Regimen IM 1 1 1 1 1 THAI updated ID Red close R. 2 2 2 0 2 All these vaccinations come under primary level prevention & specific protection. New Recommended Regimens\/ Schedules { NEW GUIDELINES} Type of prophylaxis Regimen POST EXPOSURE INTRAMUSCULAR Essen Regimen (1-1-1-1-1) Day 0,3,7,14,28 POST EXPOSURE INTRADERMAL Updated Thai Red Cross Regimen (2-2-2-0-2) Day 0,3,7,28 POST-EXPOSURE IN VACCINATED INDIVIDUALS Day 0,3 PRE-EXPOSURE PROPHYLAXIS Day 0,7,21\/28","cop":4,"opa":"No vaccine required","opb":"RIG + 5 doses of vaccine","opc":"5 doses of vaccines only","opd":"2 doses of Rabies vaccine","subject_name":"Social & Preventive Medicine","topic_name":"AIIMS 2019","id":"007d53f1-6364-4482-b62e-5b51134a222c","choice_type":"single"}1100{"question":"All of the following are typically associated with the loss of 40% of the circulating blood volume except","exp":null,"cop":3,"opa":"A decrease in the blood pressure","opb":"A decrease in the central venous pressure","opc":"A decrease in the heart rate","opd":"A decrease in the urine output","subject_name":"Pathology","topic_name":null,"id":"d8ca247a-27e4-4f88-b2f8-10492994b912","choice_type":"multi"}1101{"question":"Disappearance of nuclear chromatin is called as","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"Pyknosis","opb":"Karyolysis","opc":"Karyorhexis","opd":"None","subject_name":"Pathology","topic_name":null,"id":"9ebdc9e8-773b-4c70-bfba-363125f478eb","choice_type":"multi"}1102{"question":"Biomineralization is a process by which inorganic `metals' are incorporated in the body and made a pa of biological structures. Example of Biomineralization is seen in:","exp":"Ans. d. Mollusc shell (Ref en.wilkipedia.org\/wiki\/Biomineralization)The mollusc shell is a biogenic composite material that has been the subject of much interest in materials science because of its unusual propeies and its model character for biomineralization.Biomineralization is the process by which, living organisms produce minerals, often to harden or stiffen existing tissues. Such tissues are called mineralized tissues.","cop":4,"opa":"Pinna (anatomy)","opb":"Hooves of cattle","opc":"Honeycomb","opd":"Mollusc shell","subject_name":"Physiology","topic_name":null,"id":"0150cd44-7abc-4723-8a8a-c17de3f20004","choice_type":"single"}1103{"question":"There was an outbreak of MRSA in the hospital and it was found that a nurse of NICU had MRSA colonisation of anterior nares. What is the best treatment?","exp":"Ans. A. Topical bacitracinMRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) infection is a life-threatening bacterial infection caused by Staphylococcus aureus that is resistant to the antibiotic methicillin. Severe cases usually require hospitalization for treatment.MRSA infections are usually treated with systemic antibiotics, either orally or intravenously.Topical bacitracin in combination with neomycin and polymyxin B might be added to the therapy.","cop":1,"opa":"Topical bacitracin","opb":"Oral Vancomycin","opc":"Inhaled colistin","opd":"IV cefazolin","subject_name":"Pharmacology","topic_name":null,"id":"49b456da-591f-4221-b56b-9a04eaa21b77","choice_type":"single"}1104{"question":"What is the location of Meissner's corpuscles?","exp":"Ans. d. Papillary dermisMeissner corpuscles are encapsulated nerve endings present in dermal papillae.Merkel cells location: Stratum basalePacinian corpuscle location: Reticular layer of dermis","cop":4,"opa":"Lucidum","opb":"Basale","opc":"Reticular dermis","opd":"Papillary dermis","subject_name":"Anatomy","topic_name":null,"id":"8cc0f461-86ab-4fdf-97f4-194da3dc5e26","choice_type":"single"}1105{"question":"All are signs of impending Eisenmenger except \u2013","exp":"Eisenmenger syndrome refers to patients with a VSD in which blood is shunted from right to left as a result of development of pulmonary vascular resistance. Initially shunt is from left to right as the systemic vascular pressure is greater than pulmonary vascular pressure. With time pulmonary vascular resistance increases due to change in pulmonary vessel wall as a result of increased flow in pulmonary vessels. When pulmonary vascular pressure exceeds the systemic vascular resistance, reversal of shunt into right to left shunt occurs.\nThis development of right to left shunt due to reversal of left to right shunt as a result of development of pulmonary vascular resistance and pulmonary hypertension is called Eisenmenger syndrome.","cop":1,"opa":"Increased flow murmur across tricuspid & pulmonary valve","opb":"Single S2","opc":"Loud P2","opd":"Graham steel murmur","subject_name":"Pediatrics","topic_name":null,"id":"84fe7359-1ad3-4031-bf62-e4474bb33a86","choice_type":"multi"}1106{"question":"Spiral angle can be defined as:","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Angle between long axis and blade.","opb":"Angle between long axis and cutting edge.","opc":"Angle formed by the blades.","opd":"All are same.","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"e8e4c8af-c2cb-4b44-8865-ff068bdbd6b5","choice_type":"multi"}1107{"question":"G-protein coupled receptor that does not act through opening of potassium channels is","exp":"* DGPCR which act through opening of K+ channels lead to hyper polarisation, thus leading to inhibition.So, receptor which causes stimulation will not act through opening of K+ channels. o Muscarinic M2 receptor, Dopamine D2 receptor and serotonin 5HT1 receptor act through opening of K+ channels.o Whereas Angiotensin 1 receptor act by increasing Ca+2.","cop":4,"opa":"Muscarinic M2 receptor","opb":"Dopamine D2 receptor","opc":"Serotonin 5 HT 1 receptor","opd":"Angiotensin 1 receptor","subject_name":"Pharmacology","topic_name":"AIIMS 2019","id":"a97ea051-7425-4f6f-b909-c32f3801a91f","choice_type":"single"}1108{"question":"Which of these is not a non-contraceptive use of levonorgestrel?","exp":"Ans: B. Premenstrual tension(Ref Williams 24\/e p701: Goodman Gilman 12\/e p1184, 1190)Pre-menstrual tension is not a non-contraceptive use of levonorgestrel.Therapeutic Uses - Levonorgestrel:Emergency contraception:Useful within 120 hours as emergency bih control.Idiopathic menorrhagia:Excessively heavy, regular menses in the absence of intracavitary pathology or coagulopathy.Menometrorrhagia:Excessive bleeding in amount prolonged in duration (regular or irregular intervals).An alternative delivery system - Protect against endometrial hyperplasia in women taking SERM.Management of recurrent pelvic pain secondary to multi- treated endometriosis.LNG-IUS is licensed for use in menorrhagia & to provide endometrial protection to perimenopausal & postmenopausal women on estrogen replacement therapy.LNG-IUS beneficial in endometriosis, adenomyosis, fibroids, endometrial hyperplasia & early stage endometrial cancere (where the patient is deemed unfit for primary surgical therapy).","cop":2,"opa":"Endometriosis","opb":"Premenstrual tension","opc":"Complex endometrial hJperplasia","opd":"Emergencycontraception","subject_name":"Gynaecology & Obstetrics","topic_name":null,"id":"9ccd0247-2723-4707-b569-ca0402842cd9","choice_type":"single"}1109{"question":"Vestibuloplasty all are true except:","exp":"Vestibuloplasty\nThe reduction of alveolar ridge size is frequently accompanied by an apparent encroachment of muscle attachments on the crest of the ridge. These so-called high (mandibular) or low (maxillary) attachments serve to reduce the available denture-bearing area and to undermine denture stability.\u00a0\nKey concept:\nVestibuloplasty is a soft tissue procedure, and does not necessitate bone grafts.\nTYPES OF VESTIBULOPLASTY:-\n\nMucosal advancement (Submucous) V\u2019plasty:\n\nThe mucous membrane of the vestibule is undermined and advanced to line both sides of the extended vestibule.\n\n\nSecondary epithelization vestibuloplasty:\n\nThe mucosa of the vestibule is used to line one side of the extended vestibule, and the other side heals by growing a new epithelial surface.\n\n\nGrafting vestibuloplasty:\n\nSkin, mucous membrane and dermis can be used as a free graft to line one or both sides of the extended vestibule.","cop":2,"opa":"Mucosal advancement","opb":"Use of hydroxyapatite","opc":"Secondary epithelialization","opd":"Usage of epithelial grafts","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"39dea240-7448-438e-a215-545b98c8ef65","choice_type":"multi"}1110{"question":"Following metal alloy held in reducing hardness of orthodontic wires?","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"Chromium","opb":"Cobalt","opc":"Silicon","opd":"Carbon","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"f51955a7-38a2-41d5-8124-a372b3d2c787","choice_type":"multi"}1111{"question":"All of the following are structures in the lateral wall of cavernous sinus except:","exp":"Structures in the Lateral Wall of the Sinus, from above Downwards\n(a) Oculomotor nerve: In the anterior part of the sinus. It divides into superior and inferior divisions which leave the sinus by passing through the superior orbital fissure:\n(b) Trochlear nerve: In the anterior part of the sinus, it crosses superficial to the oculomotor nerve, and enters the orbit throught the superior orbital fissure;\n(c) Ophthalmic nerve: In the anterior part of the sinus. It divides into the lacrimal, frontal and nasocillary nerves;\n(d) Maxillary nerve: It leaves the sinus by passing through the foramen rotundum on its way to the pterygopalatine fossa.\n(e) Trigeminal ganglion: The ganglion and its dural cave project into the posterior part of the lateral wall of the sinus.","cop":3,"opa":"Occulomotor nerve","opb":"Ophthalmic nerve","opc":"Optic chiasma","opd":"Maxillary nerve","subject_name":"Anatomy","topic_name":null,"id":"958ac8f0-f87c-4307-a15f-f32b840fd737","choice_type":"multi"}1112{"question":"Fixation period of intrusive luxation injury is?","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"2 weeks","opb":"4 weeks","opc":"4 weeks, if semi-rigid & 2 weeks, if rigid","opd":"6-8 weeks","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"09fb16da-a86a-48f7-8e1b-c1b81a6c358d","choice_type":"single"}1113{"question":"Judet view of X-ray is for:","exp":"Ans: D. Pelvis(Ref Maheshwari 5\/e p38, 369)Judet's view of X-ray - For acetabular (pelvic) fracture.Judet's views:Standard radiographic projections employed in acetabulum fractures patients.Basically 45\" oblique of affected hip.45\" angle best achieved by rolling patient.Uses:Generally only performed as supplementary view.Useful in demonstrating or confirming acetabular fractures in acute injury cases.","cop":4,"opa":"Calcaneum","opb":"Scaphoid","opc":"Shoulder","opd":"Pelvis","subject_name":"Surgery","topic_name":null,"id":"01cc2fa2-924b-4470-8ef2-a85b934cedb1","choice_type":"single"}1114{"question":"Prostaglandins are synthesized from:","exp":null,"cop":3,"opa":"RNA template","opb":"Rough endoplasmic reticulum","opc":"Polyunsaturated fatty acids","opd":"None of the above","subject_name":"Pathology","topic_name":null,"id":"e1d640e7-5f13-4552-99e0-389fe7a1154d","choice_type":"multi"}1115{"question":"EDTA does not cause which of the following action","exp":null,"cop":4,"opa":"Chelating action","opb":"Irrigation","opc":"Remove smear layer","opd":"Pulp fixation","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"120b8b88-ef18-4c63-a24e-370065a02f25","choice_type":"single"}1116{"question":"Dentigerous cyst is likely to cause which neoplasia","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Ameloblastoma","opb":"Adeno carcinoma","opc":"Fibrosarcoma","opd":"All of the above","subject_name":"Pathology","topic_name":null,"id":"0607ab4a-57c2-4893-ae71-327553d574ca","choice_type":"multi"}1117{"question":"Key indicator for AFP surveillance ?.","exp":"Ans.d) At least one case of non-polio AFP per year per 100000 population of under 15 years The number of AFP cases repoed each year is used as an indicator of a country's ability to detect polio, even in countries where the disease no longer occurs. Polio surveillance It is the most impoant pa of whole polio eradication intiative. It has two components:?Acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) surveillanceAcute flaccid paralysis is defined as acute onset (< 4 weeks) of flaccid paralysis (reduced tone) without other obvious cause in children WHO recommends the immediate repoing and investigation of every case of AFP in children less than 15 years.","cop":4,"opa":"At least one case of non-polio AFP per year per 1000 population of under 5 years","opb":"At least one case of non-polio AFP per year per 100000 population of under 5 year","opc":"At least one case of non-polio AFP per year per 1000 population of under 15 years","opd":"At least one case of non-polio AFP per year per 100000 population of under 15 years","subject_name":"Social & Preventive Medicine","topic_name":null,"id":"7c6fe266-845b-4f4b-8ddb-ca5d016e0396","choice_type":"single"}1118{"question":"Premaxilla is derived from","exp":null,"cop":3,"opa":"Maxillary protuberance","opb":"Palatine bones","opc":"Frontonasal process","opd":"Median process","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"8ae6489e-0c86-48c8-92cf-3819348fc472","choice_type":"single"}1119{"question":"If periodontal surgery is necessary in case of horizontal bone toss in upper anterior region. Which of the following procedure is the most appropriate?","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Papilla preservation flap","opb":"Widman flap","opc":"Coronally displaced flap","opd":"Gingivectomy","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"22c33272-9d2f-4f91-9999-74e84b057914","choice_type":"multi"}1120{"question":"Prolonged administration of streptomycin may result in damage to the:","exp":"Streptomycin (antitubercular) causes vestibular damage\u00a0on\u00a0prolonged\u00a0use.\nAdverse\u00a0effects\n\nThis class of drugs is notorious for their adverse effects like ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity.\nAbout 1\/5th patients given streptomycin 1 gm BD i.m. experience vestibular disturbances although auditory disturbances are less common.\u00a0\nStreptomycin has the lowest nephrotoxicity among aminoglycosides; probably because it is not concentrated in the renal cortex.\n\nReference: Essentials of Medical Pharmacology Eighth Edition KD\u00a0TRIPATHI\u00a0page no 94,798","cop":3,"opa":"Optic nerve","opb":"Facial nerve","opc":"Auditory nerve","opd":"Trigeminal nerve","subject_name":"Pharmacology","topic_name":null,"id":"380d5a44-a18e-4bdf-90be-c812b1ff3885","choice_type":"single"}1121{"question":"Considering the latent period of muscle twitch to be 10 ms, contraction time 40 ms and relaxation time 50 ms, what will be the tetanizing frequency for this muscle?","exp":"Ans: A. 25 HzStimulation frequency at which summation of contractions occurs -Determined by twitch duration of the paicular muscle under study.Example:If twitch duration = 10 ms.Frequencies less than 1\/10 ms (100\/s) - Cause discrete responses interrupted by complete relaxation.Frequencies greater than 100\/s cause summation.Tetany:Continuous contraction of muscle fibers, without latent period & relaxation time.Hence tetanizing frequency depends only on contraction time, i.e. twitch duration.Twitch duration = 40 milliseconds = 0.04 secTetanizing frequency = 1\/0.04 = 25 Hz","cop":1,"opa":"25 Hz","opb":"50 Hz","opc":"100 Hz","opd":"75 Hz","subject_name":"Physiology","topic_name":null,"id":"9a3ac2a9-6d0f-4448-865c-e5bac449c1ec","choice_type":"single"}1122{"question":"Compament of leg without neurovascular bundle?","exp":"Ans. d. Superficial posteriorRef: Grays Anatomy, 4lst ed, pg- 1406-1412 and Last anatomy 12th ed, pg. 142Contents of flexor (posterior) compament:Superficial pa:Gastrocnemius, plantaris and soleus musclesDeep pa:Popliteus, Flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus and Tibialis posterior musclePosterior tibial and peroneal vesselsTibial nerve","cop":4,"opa":"Anterior","opb":"Lateral","opc":"Deep posterior","opd":"Superficial posterior","subject_name":"Anatomy","topic_name":null,"id":"7a51e736-c9fd-452f-8d09-127583a42886","choice_type":"single"}1123{"question":"Which of the following condition must be met for a valid student-t test between means of two groups:","exp":null,"cop":4,"opa":"Number of observation must be same - no","opb":"Standard deviation must be approximately same - no","opc":"Mean should be approximately same - no","opd":"Sample must be small","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"5010a343-a5a4-420b-956f-38a811821ad4","choice_type":"multi"}1124{"question":"V) hich of the following can change the gene expression by methylation and acetylation without affecting the content of the gene?","exp":"Ans.: A. Epigenetics\"Epigenetics is defined as changes that alter the pattern of gene expression that persist across at least one cell division but are not caused by changes in the DNA code. Epigenetic changes include alterations of chromatin structure mediated bymethylation of cytoosine residues in CpG dinucleotides, modification of histones by acetylation or methylation, or changesin higher-order chromosome structure- \" Harrison\"","cop":1,"opa":"Epigenetics","opb":"Translocation","opc":"Inversion","opd":"Transduction","subject_name":"Pathology","topic_name":null,"id":"50aa2943-d234-4743-88e0-286d47774107","choice_type":"single"}1125{"question":"What type of fibers are principal fibers of the PDL?","exp":null,"cop":3,"opa":"Elastic","opb":"Reticular","opc":"Collagenous","opd":"Collagenous and elastic","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"22384629-7dc2-4890-a69e-42dc71fbccfe","choice_type":"single"}1126{"question":"Find faulty statement regarding muscle spindle:","exp":"Each muscle spindle has three essential elements:\u00a0\n(1) A group of specialized intrafusal muscle fibers\u00a0 with contractile polar ends and a noncontractile center.\u00a0\n(2) Large diameter myelinated afferent nerves (types Ia and II) originating in the central portion of the intrafusal fibers.\u00a0\n(3) Small diameter myelinated efferent nerves supplying the polar contractile regions of the intrafusal fibers.","cop":3,"opa":"Central zone has no actin and myosin","opb":"Type 1 nuclear bag fibres has low myosin ATPase activity","opc":"Peripheral zone has no actin and myosin","opd":"Type 2 nuclear bag has high level of myosin ATPase activity","subject_name":"Physiology","topic_name":null,"id":"59803c06-dfe8-48b6-b2de-7f032e738213","choice_type":"multi"}1127{"question":"Injecting dye for diagnosis of salivary gland","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"Angiogram","opb":"Sialography","opc":"Angiogram","opd":"Tomography","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"2e7a8a2b-fa7c-4e90-a4fc-f9eb44674379","choice_type":"single"}1128{"question":"All are causes of subcortical dementia except -","exp":"Alzheimer\u2019s disease is a cortical dementia.","cop":1,"opa":"Alzheimer's disease","opb":"Parkinson's disease","opc":"Supranuclear palsy","opd":"HIV associated dementia","subject_name":"Psychiatry","topic_name":null,"id":"85d37c8a-2bcc-48d9-bc5c-b63495f25ab3","choice_type":"multi"}1129{"question":"Which growth factor Is not present in PRP?","exp":null,"cop":3,"opa":"PDGF aa","opb":"PDGF bb","opc":"PDGF cc","opd":"PDGF Fab","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"a4d559cf-a0bb-4eab-9cd6-023fceb916ad","choice_type":"single"}1130{"question":"A 18-year-old girl was brought to OPD, labia majora separated, labia minora flabby, fourchette tear present and vagina is roomy but Hymen is intact. What could be possible?","exp":"Ans: b. False virginRef: KSN Reddy's The Essentials of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology 33' edn; Page no. 392False VirginHymen is intact but thick and the woman has had sexual intercourse. Labia majora: Flabby, may gap on abduction of thighLabia minora: Loose, blackish-brown, cutaneousVagina deep, roomy, dilated and capacious with less rugosed wall Vagina easily admits two fingers.True VirginLabia majora: Firm, rounded and completeLabia minora: Soft, sensitive and pink in colorFourchette and posterior commissure: Intact * Vaginal wall: Closely approximatedVagina mucosa: Rugose, reddish, sensitive to touchHymen: Intact","cop":2,"opa":"Virgin","opb":"False virgin","opc":"Premenstrual stage","opd":"Molestation","subject_name":"Forensic Medicine","topic_name":null,"id":"eaa8c755-dc9b-4a75-ac66-4664ee83567a","choice_type":"multi"}1131{"question":"A diffuse spreading inflammatory lesion is due to bacterial enzyme","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"Coagulase","opb":"Hyaluronidase","opc":"Peroxidase","opd":"Bradykinin","subject_name":"Pathology","topic_name":null,"id":"8aa86f16-0457-449d-bd8e-59c4e155216a","choice_type":"single"}1132{"question":"Which of the following drugs can be given in renal failure safely?","exp":"Ans: B. Linagliptin(Ref Goodman Gilman 12\/e p1264; Katzung 13\/e p740, 12\/e p761; FDA website: http:\/\/wwwfda.gov\/ Safety\/ MedWatch\/Safetylnformation\/ircm3 I 9215.htm)Linagliptin:Given safely in renal failure.Chronic kidney disease:Major complication in type 2 diabetes.Metformin usage is challenging.More severe renal disease - Less likely for metformin use.Due to safety concerns.","cop":2,"opa":"Saxagliptin","opb":"Linagliptin","opc":"Vildagliptin","opd":"Sitagliptin","subject_name":"Pharmacology","topic_name":null,"id":"6e3b014e-fe90-47f0-8e12-e176a809198f","choice_type":"single"}1133{"question":"Zones of periapical pathology were described by:","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"Palmer","opb":"Fish","opc":"Black","opd":"Hugues","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"d4f6fc8c-f415-4619-9831-8da71140bbac","choice_type":"single"}1134{"question":"Brachcephaly with narrow foramen magnum is seen in:","exp":null,"cop":3,"opa":"Down syndrome.","opb":"Fanconi syndrome.","opc":"Achondroplasia.","opd":"Cleidocranial dysplasia.","subject_name":"Anatomy","topic_name":null,"id":"cabc161c-6c39-4421-8e7a-7ff15d425117","choice_type":"single"}1135{"question":"Gingival hyperplasia is caused by all except","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"Sodium valproate","opb":"Carbamazepine","opc":"Verapamil","opd":"Bleomycin","subject_name":"Pharmacology","topic_name":null,"id":"37332d92-237c-4846-84e5-27def7ec1805","choice_type":"multi"}1136{"question":"A triad of seizure, mental retardation and sebaceous adenoma is seen in \u2013","exp":"Tuberous sclerosis :\n\nIt is an autosomal dominant neurocutaneous syndrome.\nPathology\n\n\nCharacteristics brain, lesion, consists of tubers in the brain.\nThey are typically present in subependyneal region where they undergo calcification producing\u00a0candle dripping appearance.","cop":2,"opa":"Congenital syphilis","opb":"Tuberous sclerosis","opc":"Toxoplasmosis","opd":"Hypothyroidism","subject_name":"Pediatrics","topic_name":null,"id":"e4e4f249-397f-4edb-b3c2-ff0220ef3092","choice_type":"single"}1137{"question":"Which is not seen in neuroimaging of patient of tuberous sclerosis?","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"White matter lesion","opb":"Ependymoma","opc":"Subependymal nodules","opd":"Giant cell astrocytoma","subject_name":"Medicine","topic_name":null,"id":"edcb831f-c060-498e-a756-c2047eb19c15","choice_type":"single"}1138{"question":"Cholesterol crystals in apical periodontitis lesions are believed to be formed from cholesterol released by:","exp":"Apical periodontitis can be caused by both exogenous and endogenous factors.\u00a0\nExogenous factors include microbes and their toxins and noxious metabolic by-products, chemical agents, mechanical irritation, foreign bodies, and trauma.\u00a0\nEndogenous factors include the host\u2019s metabolic products, such as urate and cholesterol crystals, as well as cytokines or other inflammatory mediators that activate osteoclasts.\nOccasionally, foamy macrophages and giant cells are seen, especially associated with cholesterol crystal deposits, which are products of disintegrated cell membranes, disintegrating erythrocytes of stagnant blood vessels within the lesion,\u00a0lymphocytes, plasma cells, macrophages that die and disintegrate in chronic apical lesion.","cop":4,"opa":"Disintegrating erythrocytes of stagnant blood vessels within the lesion","opb":"Lymphocyte, plasma cells, macrophages that die and disintegrate in chronic apical lesion","opc":"Circulating plasma lipids","opd":"All of the above","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"c43e91d9-b41d-480c-a1f2-2fe9eee2bcab","choice_type":"multi"}1139{"question":"The analytical study where population is the unit of study is","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"Cross-sectional","opb":"Ecological","opc":"Case-control","opd":"Cohort study","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"c0b79a36-0b9f-4aa3-b3ac-4435c4a92fe3","choice_type":"single"}1140{"question":"What % is the incidence of vertucci type 8","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"6%","opb":"10%","opc":"2%","opd":"12%","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"9cda8aff-7c42-4c13-af2f-48282d65dbae","choice_type":"single"}1141{"question":"Which of the following is expected when a tooth is lost?","exp":null,"cop":4,"opa":"Decrease in trabecular pattern","opb":"Loss of bone width","opc":"Loss of bone height","opd":"All of the above","subject_name":"Surgery","topic_name":null,"id":"59875469-2175-49d4-9563-8d114e219356","choice_type":"multi"}1142{"question":"In Mandibular 1st molar smallest cusp is","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"Distobuccal","opb":"Distal","opc":"Mesiobuccal","opd":"Mesial","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"79f62df5-e7d6-4526-9866-59ba4c498cfc","choice_type":"multi"}1143{"question":"In a village, despite of health education for oral cancer, people don't follow instructions even after referral with persuasive reminders, people are still reluctant. It best fits under which model:","exp":"Trans-theoretical Model\n\nDeveloped by Prochaska and DiClemente.\nBased on assumption that behavior change is evolutional in nature and occurs in different stages of change through which individuals can progress.\nIt holds habitual behaviors mainly like smoking, nutritional diet, screening for cancer, alcohol consumption, etc., in a series of steps through a cyclical process.","cop":1,"opa":"Trans-theoretical model","opb":"Health belief model","opc":"Social compliance","opd":"Public health model","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"0bfdb9f1-4000-4e4f-bab7-6858195faf99","choice_type":"single"}1144{"question":"Which of the following finger has two dorsal interossei (AIIMS May 2019)","exp":"Dorsal interossei: Dorsal interossei are major abductors of index, middle & ring fingers. Most dorsally situated of all intrinsic muscles. Palpated through skin on dorsal aspect of hand. Tendons of dorsal interossei pass dorsal to deep transverse metacarpal ligament. - 1st dorsal interosseous muscle - largest & inses into lateral side of index finger. - 2nd& 3rd interosseous muscle - inse into lateral & medial sides respectively of middle finger. - 4th dorsal interosseous muscle - inses into medial side of ring finger. Thumb & little finger do not have dorsal interossei as they have their own abductors in thenar & hypothenar muscle groups respectively. Dorsal interossei + palmar interossei + lumbricals flex-metacarpophalangeal joint & extend inter - phalangeal joint.","cop":3,"opa":"Little","opb":"Ring","opc":"Middle","opd":"Index","subject_name":"Anatomy","topic_name":"AIIMS 2019","id":"433889ad-6b7a-4b52-b45d-2e2379f81d5e","choice_type":"single"}1145{"question":"Dimensional stability of elastomeric impression material can be given in descending order as :","exp":null,"cop":3,"opa":"Polysulphide > Polyether > Condensation silicone > Addition silicone","opb":"Polyether > Condensation silicone > Polysulphide > Addition silicone","opc":"Addition silicone > Polyether > Polysulphide > Condensation silicone","opd":"Addition silicone > Condensation silicone Polysulphide > Polyether","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"1d4c9da4-408d-482a-8b33-ca36b97b0bf5","choice_type":"single"}1146{"question":"In a female, intraocular metastasis most commonly occurs from which of the following gynaecological primary?","exp":"Answer- A (Breast)Breast cancer is the most common tumor to metastasize to the eye followed by lung cancer.Intraocular metastases are the most common malignancy of eye, and the primary cause is breast cancer.","cop":1,"opa":"Breast","opb":"Ovary","opc":"Cervix","opd":"Endometrium","subject_name":"Gynaecology & Obstetrics","topic_name":null,"id":"770a2934-5df3-4d53-a79c-0d4358b95016","choice_type":"single"}1147{"question":"Calculate the Age of fetus having CRL 23 cm, foot length 7 cm. Talus is present and testes are present at superficial inguinal ring?","exp":"Ans: C. 7 monthsGestational age can be determined fiom maturation of chorionic villi; foot length and ossification centres.Seventh month:Length 35 cm; crown-rump length 23 cm; foot length 8 cm; weight 900 to 1200 g.Nails are thick.Eyelids open and pupillary membrane disappears.Skin is dusky-red, thick and fibrous.Meconium is found in the entire large intestine.Testes are found at external inguinal ring.Gallbladder contains bile and caecum is seen in the right iliac fossa.Ossification centre is present in the talus.","cop":3,"opa":"5 months","opb":"6 months","opc":"7 months","opd":"8 months","subject_name":"Forensic Medicine","topic_name":null,"id":"c8353fc5-db77-40d7-970a-64309e53ba93","choice_type":"single"}1148{"question":"Serum is:","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"Plasma-clotting factors","opb":"Plasma-fibrin","opc":"Blood-RBC","opd":"Blood-all cellular elements","subject_name":"Physiology","topic_name":null,"id":"d70bc405-92bf-4118-8ea8-70b2ee771de7","choice_type":"multi"}1149{"question":"Which of the following has a radiolucency closest to the dentin:","exp":null,"cop":3,"opa":"ZOE","opb":"Calcium hydroxide","opc":"Silicophosphate","opd":"Gutta percha","subject_name":"Radiology","topic_name":null,"id":"1dfe7f56-a602-4f8a-8ba7-50c3b60fa991","choice_type":"single"}1150{"question":"Indirect retainers are situated:","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"As far anteriorly from the fulcrum line","opb":"As close to the fulcrum line","opc":"At the canine region","opd":"At the mesial marginal ridge of the premolars in the class I case","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"cb67fe1b-fdf5-4478-b16b-7c0fdf4be59b","choice_type":"single"}1151{"question":"Which of the following is a 3-D curve:","exp":"Monsoon\u2019s curve\n\n3-D curve\nSpherical in shape\nCenter \u2013 Glabella\nRadius \u2013 8\u201d\nSurface of phase is thought or said to pass through the occlusal plane including the condyle.","cop":3,"opa":"Curve of spee.","opb":"Anti monsoon curve.","opc":"Monsoon curve..","opd":"None.","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"778778c6-fec1-4d24-a0f2-31d7ac7ee4c8","choice_type":"multi"}1152{"question":"Cementosis are commonly seen in:","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"Females in maxilla","opb":"Females in mandible","opc":"Males in maxilla","opd":"Males in mandible","subject_name":"Radiology","topic_name":null,"id":"f7c7aa89-a69c-495e-8db6-f39c604165d8","choice_type":"single"}1153{"question":"Facial nerve innervates all of the following except:","exp":"All of the following muscles are innervated by facial nerve.\n\nMuscles of facial expression\nOccipito frontalis\nPlatysma\nPosterior belly of digastric\nStapedius\nStylohyoid\nAuricular muscles.","cop":2,"opa":"Platysma","opb":"Anterior belly of digastric","opc":"Stapedius","opd":"Auricular muscles","subject_name":"Anatomy","topic_name":null,"id":"e9be346c-4d68-4290-9ca4-5ea76f8d2280","choice_type":"multi"}1154{"question":"Amalgam restorations give the best clinical service when the residual mercury content is:","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"38-42%","opb":"48-52%","opc":"58-62%","opd":"68-72%","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"3c4ad2aa-1bff-4d56-9cea-358bfcf0eec7","choice_type":"single"}1155{"question":"About intraoperative histopathological analysis, all are true except:","exp":"Ans: A. Gives an immediate definitive diagnosis of tumor (Ref http:\/,www.nchi.iilm.nih.gov\/pmc\/arii,PMC3347896).lntraoperative Histopathological Analysis:Frozen section procedure\/cryosection:Rapid microscopic specimen analysis.Used most often in oncological surgery.Slide quality produced by frozen section lower than formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue processing.Used for presumptive diagnosis.More accurate diagnosis - Fixed tissue processing.","cop":1,"opa":"Gives an immediate definitive diagnosis of tumor","opb":"Used for detecting positive margins after resection","opc":"Used to confirm suspected metastasis","opd":"Sentinel lymph node biopsy in breast carcinoma is an example","subject_name":"Pathology","topic_name":null,"id":"53f00275-55bc-497b-872f-d223d5021601","choice_type":"multi"}1156{"question":"A 23 years old boy, a badminton player, sustained injury of left ankle. He was immobilized for 3 months, the cast was removed and patient was able to walk normally. Later he complained of pain and swelling in the left calf, left ankle and foot. His mother massaged him for 30 minutes. After a while he developed acute onset of breathlessness and was brought to emergency and died. Most likely cause of death is:","exp":"Answer- A. Pulmonary thromboembolismHistory of immobilization for long duration suggests a probahly subclinical deep venous thrombosis that had developed in the patient. On massaging, the thrombus of DVT got dislodged in the pulmonary circulation, causing pulmonary thromboembolism and death.","cop":1,"opa":"Pulmonary thromboembolism","opb":"Congestive cardiac failure","opc":"Massive stroke","opd":"Hypovolemic shock","subject_name":"Medicine","topic_name":null,"id":"a4c17223-91e0-454d-95af-18ddf9a97e41","choice_type":"multi"}1157{"question":"Petechial hemorrhage is seen in","exp":null,"cop":4,"opa":"cyclic neutropenia","opb":"agranulocytosis","opc":"pernicious anemia","opd":"thrombocytopenic purpura","subject_name":"Pathology","topic_name":null,"id":"0f94b2da-37f6-41e8-af47-767fb4c0163b","choice_type":"single"}1158{"question":"Digoxin is obtained from a plant product and has a half-life of 36 hours. How does this information help us in formulating treatment?","exp":"Ans: A. To adjust maintenance dose of digoxin required to keep the blood levels within therapeutic range(Ref Goodman Gilman 12\/e p33. 37: KDT 7\/e p31, 515)Half- life of drug:Determines the maintenance dose of digoxin.Helps maintain therapeutic plasma levels.Maintenance dose also determined by creatinine clearance.Half-life of dioxin:36 to 48 hrs in patients with normal renal function.3.5 to 5 days in anuric patients.In patients with normal renal function, an oral daily maintenance dose without loading dose - steady-state blood concentration in approximately 7 days.Hence daily maintenance dose decided based on half-life ofthe drug.Usual digoxin therapeutic serum concentrations range - 0.8 to 2 ng\/mL.(Note: Loading dose governed by volume of distribution).","cop":1,"opa":"To adjust maintenance dose of digoxin required to keep the blood levels within therapeutic range","opb":"Intravenous administration in emergency and urgent dosing","opc":"Long half-life permits altemate day dosing","opd":"It requires a high loading dose to be administered","subject_name":"Pharmacology","topic_name":null,"id":"8efe2632-49e7-4558-b438-a44fadccdd03","choice_type":"single"}1159{"question":"You have been asked to design a study for a disease whose prevalence in the community is 10%. The alpha error has to be kept at 5% with a relative precision of 20% and a power of 20%. What will be the accurate sample size for this study?","exp":"Ans: B. 900","cop":2,"opa":"400","opb":"900","opc":"1800","opd":"3600","subject_name":"Social & Preventive Medicine","topic_name":null,"id":"9eb1442f-0fb3-4f6b-adaa-41bc417180bb","choice_type":"single"}1160{"question":"The anteroposterior curve is","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Curve of Spee","opb":"Curve of Wilson","opc":"Curve of Monson","opd":"Bonwill's curve","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"cf9b1f6c-4594-4cc8-94bb-3b1c10be80f9","choice_type":"single"}1161{"question":"Which periodontal fibres are consistent and are reconstructed even after the destruction of the alveolar bone?","exp":null,"cop":4,"opa":"Apical","opb":"Alveolar crest group","opc":"Oblique","opd":"Transseptal","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"3ef21987-3285-429c-a8be-5f67efefaaf8","choice_type":"single"}1162{"question":"Condensation reaction occurs in","exp":null,"cop":3,"opa":"Agar","opb":"Alginate","opc":"Polysulfide","opd":"ZOE","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"98035f50-53b3-47c8-b340-392237162fb2","choice_type":"single"}1163{"question":"The following cardiac defects are characterized by ductus dependent blood flow except \u2013","exp":"Congenital heart disease in the newborn can be broadly categorized by the relationship between the patients cardiac defect and the patent ductus arteriosus; this categorization yields four distinct groups:\n\nI. Pulmonary flow ductal dependence.\n\nNewborns with congenital heart disease who are dependent on the potency of their ductus for pulmonary blood flow present with varying degrees of cyanosis.\nCritical Pulmonary Valve Stenosis with Intact Ventricular Septum.\n\nLi Tricuspid Atresia:\n\nTetralogy of Fallot \n\tNi Systemic flow ductal dependence.\n\n\nThese newborns are dependent on their ductus arteriosus for systemic blood flow and unlike the babies who are pulmonary flow dependent, these newborns present with severely decreased cardiac output.\nThis decreased systemic flow is characterized by pallor, diminished peripheral pulses, low urine output, cool extremities and varying degrees of metabolic acidosis.\nThis includes newborns with left ventricular outflow tract obstruction at various levels.\n\n\nCongenital Valvular Aortic Stenosis\nCoarctation of the Aorta\nInterrupted Aortic Arch\nHypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome (HLHS)\n\nIlL\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 xygenation ductal dependence.\n\nThese are babies who are born with congenital heart disease that requires a patent ductus for adequate mixi g of saturated and desaturated blood.\n\n\nTransposition of the Great Vessels (TGV) \n\tIV J uctal independence.\n\n\nThese are neonates who are not dependent on a patent ductus but still require urgent operation.\n\n\nTotal anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR)\nTruncus Arteriosus\nAnomalous origin of the left main coronary alloy from the pulmonaly artery.","cop":3,"opa":"Transposition of great arteries with intact septum","opb":"Interrupted aortic arch","opc":"Truncus arteriosus","opd":"Hypoplastic left heart syndrome","subject_name":"Pediatrics","topic_name":null,"id":"12c9a1fb-87c9-4109-b4c1-9fa0babc98cc","choice_type":"multi"}1164{"question":"The function of 2% potassium sulphate in a gypsum product is:","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"To regulate the setting expansion","opb":"Regulate setting time","opc":"Acts as retarder","opd":"None","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"bb61654e-f671-4125-bad2-3f2dc2eec24b","choice_type":"multi"}1165{"question":"What is the most poable diagnosis based on the findings in the CT scan given below?","exp":"Epidural Hematoma- Biconvex\/lentiform hyperdensity seen Subdural Hematoma - Concavo- convex or crescentic shaped. Subarachnoid Hemorrhage- Shows Hyperdensity in:* Syln fissure* Basal cisterns* Sulcal Spaces","cop":1,"opa":"Extradural hemorrhage","opb":"Subdural hamorrhage","opc":"Intracerebral hamorrhage","opd":"Subarachnoid hamorrhage","subject_name":"Radiology","topic_name":"AIIMS 2018","id":"48f3a95b-0f17-4c55-a104-7ae269bfcc0d","choice_type":"single"}1166{"question":"Mandibular fracture managed by adapting mini plates is a type of","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"Load bearing osteosynthesis","opb":"Load sharing","opc":"Non rigid osteosynthesis","opd":"Rigid osteosynthesis","subject_name":"Surgery","topic_name":null,"id":"b3b61552-3fc0-45ce-82af-2b0e1077add5","choice_type":"single"}1167{"question":"The incubation period of LGV is?","exp":"Ans. C. 10-30 daysThe incubation period for LGV (the time interval between sexual contact and the appearance of symptoms) varies on average from 10 to 14 days. At times the incubation period may be as long as up to 6 weeks after sexual contact with an infected paner. Feature SyphilisHerpes ChancroidLGV Donovanosis Incubation period 9-90 days 2-7 days 1-14 days3 days-6weeks 1-4 weeks(up to 6 months)","cop":3,"opa":"3-7 days","opb":"7-10 days","opc":"10-30 days","opd":"30-90 days","subject_name":"Microbiology","topic_name":null,"id":"f8d6c4a7-2037-44be-bbf6-8a1ea4b0de54","choice_type":"single"}1168{"question":"All of the following are true for ZOE based sealer except?","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Expands on setting & hence provide impervious seal","opb":"Absorb if extruded periapically","opc":"Antibacterial, so prevent entombing of Bacterial","opd":"Slow setting, so results in increased inflammation initially","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"e6972a14-563b-47df-b6f4-ceb004b37b95","choice_type":"multi"}1169{"question":"Maximum amount of phosphate is seen in","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"Bone","opb":"Enamel","opc":"Gingiva","opd":"Dentine","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"5951aa74-d30c-4c33-b1e6-dd5e5d103ca0","choice_type":"single"}1170{"question":"What should be the ideal temperature in delivery room for the neonates to be kept in warmer?","exp":"Ans: A. 22-26degC(Ref Ghai 8\/e p133).Nursery temperature:Ideal temperature in delivery room for neonates in warmer state - 22-26degC (72-78\"F).Should be free from drill of air.Ventilation system for each delivery & resuscitation room designed to control ambient temperature between 72-78 degrees Fahrenheit (22-26 degrees Centigrade) during delivery, resuscitation & stabilization of newborn.","cop":1,"opa":"22-26degC","opb":"28-30degC","opc":"30-35degC","opd":"37degC","subject_name":"Pediatrics","topic_name":null,"id":"5fa2e23f-c19c-4828-b240-59b7a0a84834","choice_type":"single"}1171{"question":"What is the best management of the case shown?","exp":"Candidiasis Rx - Topical clotrimazole - Nystatin lozenges Median rhomboid glossitis Appearance - seen in Candidiasis infection","cop":4,"opa":"Dapsone plus steroids","opb":"Stop smoking and screen for cancer","opc":"Vitamin supplements","opd":"Antifungals for oral candidiasis","subject_name":"Medicine","topic_name":"AIIMS 2018","id":"599273bd-ad8a-4c31-8038-d8d26701bc41","choice_type":"single"}1172{"question":"Spinal cord ends at what level in adults?","exp":"Ans. b. L1 Ref: Grays Anatomy, 4l'' ed., pg. 762-763In the adult, the spinal cord terminates on average at the level of the middle third of the body of the first lumbar veebra which corresponds approximately to the transpyloric plane.Spinal cord extends from C I to L I (lower border) in adults.Filum terminale extends from lower end of spinal cord to the tip of coccyx.Dural sheath extends up to 52 veebrae.Subdural space extends up to 52.Subarachnoid space extends up to 52.Piamater extends up to tip of coccyx.","cop":2,"opa":"T12","opb":"L1","opc":"L2","opd":"L3","subject_name":"Anatomy","topic_name":null,"id":"294f261f-83db-483c-ab08-7ada6462f72b","choice_type":"single"}1173{"question":"Amniotic fluid contains acetyl cholinesterase enzyme. What is the diagnosis ?","exp":"Amniotic fluid Acetylcholineesterase level is elevated in open neural tube defect:\n\nIt has a better diagnostic value than AFP.\nIn case of suspected neural tube defect, on Amniocentesis, if amniotic fluid AFP levels are raised but Acetylcholinesterase levels are normal, patient should be reassured that elevated AFP levels are probably caused by fetal blood contamination but, if acetyl cholinesterase is also elevated along with AFP it is indicative of NTD.\nIt also helps to distinguish between neural tube defect and abdominal wall defects (both of which cause elevated MSAFP):\n\n\u2013 Acetyl cholinesterase is raised in open NTD, but is low in abdominal wall defects.\n\u2013 In patients with NTD, the ratio of acetylcholinesterase to butyrlcholinesterase levels is 0.14 or more. In case of abdominal wall defects this ratio is less than 0.14.","cop":1,"opa":"Open spina bifida","opb":"Gastroschisis","opc":"Omphalocele","opd":"Osteogenesis imperfecta","subject_name":"Gynaecology & Obstetrics","topic_name":null,"id":"d9f1b19f-12f5-467d-a831-ba3d9020d230","choice_type":"single"}1174{"question":"Which of the following cause an increase in ACh release from the presynaptic neuron?","exp":"Ans. D. Blocking K channels* Potassium channel blocker will cause an increase in ACh release from the presynaptic neuron.* Blockade of presynaptic potassium channels promotes activation of voltage-gated calcium channels leading to the increased release of acetylcholine in the neuromuscular junction. Aminopyridines used in the treatment of Lambe-Eaton myasthenic syndrome acts by this mechanism and improves the muscle strength in the patients","cop":4,"opa":"Blocking calcium channels on presynaptic","opb":"Blocking chloride channel on presynaptic","opc":"Blocking Na channel","opd":"Blocking K channels","subject_name":"Pharmacology","topic_name":null,"id":"5419a97a-9132-4f87-9bb5-3ca06dd47507","choice_type":"single"}1175{"question":"Bifid tongue, a congenital anomaly occurs due to non-fusion of:","exp":null,"cop":3,"opa":"Tuberculum impar and lateral lingual swellings","opb":"Hypobranchial eminence and tuberculum impar","opc":"The two lateral lingual swellings","opd":"Some of the above","subject_name":"Pathology","topic_name":null,"id":"d2da473a-f6b7-4c15-a5e2-5a4b4bd1cc8f","choice_type":"multi"}1176{"question":"Hypereosinophilic syndrome is a disease characterized by elevated eosinophil count in the blood for at least 6 months, without any recognizable cause, with involve-ment of either hea, nervous system or bone marrow. What should be the eosinophil count for diagnosis?","exp":"Ans: C. >1500\/ mm3(Ref Harrison 19\/e p1686, 135e-8, 18\/e p481 e-21.5)Eosinophil count for hypereosinophilia syndrome diagnosis = >1.5 x 109\/L (>1500\/mm).Blood Eosinophilia:Neither secondary or clonal.Cause: Idiopathic.Hypereosinophilic Syndrome (HES):Subcategory of idiopathic eosinophilia with persistent increase of AEC to >1.5 x 109\/L (>1500\/ mm3).Features:Presence of eosinophil-mediated organ damage -Cardiomyopathy, gastroenteritis, cutaneous lesions, sinusitis, pneumonitis, neuritis & vasculitis.Also thromboembolic complications, hepatosplenomegaly & either cytopenia or cytosis.","cop":3,"opa":">500\/mm3","opb":">1000\/ mm3","opc":">1500\/ mm3","opd":">2000\/ mm3","subject_name":"Medicine","topic_name":null,"id":"cfb81145-9c8a-41bf-975a-bd76f75be629","choice_type":"single"}1177{"question":"Treatment of kawasaki disease in children is \u2013","exp":null,"cop":3,"opa":"Oral steroids","opb":"IV steroids","opc":"IV Immuno globulins","opd":"Mycophenolate mefentil","subject_name":"Pediatrics","topic_name":null,"id":"bbf80ddc-3f79-48db-ad1e-5e6d0322704a","choice_type":"single"}1178{"question":"The effectiveness of condensing porcelain powder to\nreduce shrinkage is determined by","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Shape and size of the particle","opb":"Thickness of the platinum matrix","opc":"Speed of increase of furnace heat","opd":"Using powder of same particle size","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"32a5b512-866e-4bd6-b9b5-9c26c7625705","choice_type":"single"}1179{"question":"Russell's bodies are found in:","exp":null,"cop":3,"opa":"Activated macrophages","opb":"Histiocytes","opc":"Plasma cells","opd":"Erythrocytes","subject_name":"Pathology","topic_name":null,"id":"0681bb5e-c1f0-4077-8294-93e36efcc83f","choice_type":"single"}1180{"question":"When horse serum is injected intravenously in to a rabbit and again in to the skin two or three weeks later, what is the necrotising reaction that occurs at the site of the second injection?","exp":null,"cop":3,"opa":"Atopy","opb":"Anaphylaxis","opc":"Arthus phenomenon","opd":"Serum sickness","subject_name":"Microbiology","topic_name":null,"id":"84edf98d-5d16-4377-95fc-2bb67058e7d4","choice_type":"single"}1181{"question":"on examination 18 month old child has inward detion of both eyes, which of the following test should be done?","exp":"Answer- B- Cover Uncover TestSince the diagnosis is latent strabismus the correct answer is B > Cover-uncover test. It tells about the presence and type of heterophoria. To perform it, one eye is covered with an occluder and the other is made to fix an object. In the presence of heterophoria, the eye under cover will dete. After a few seconds the cover is quickly removed and the movement of the eye (which was under cover) is observed. Direction of movement of the eyeball tells the type of heterophoria >The forced duction test is performed in order to determine whether the absence of movement of the eye is due to a neurological disorder or a mechanical restriction. The anesthetized conjunctiva is grasped with forceps and an attempt is made to move the eyeball in the direction where the movement is restricted. > FUNDUS EXAMINATION This is essential to diagnose the diseases of the vitreous, optic nerve head, retina and choroid.","cop":2,"opa":"Forced duction test","opb":"Cover Uncover Test","opc":"Fundus Examination","opd":"All of the above","subject_name":"Ophthalmology","topic_name":null,"id":"756277e4-4420-466e-adee-3aee112a7b69","choice_type":"multi"}1182{"question":"Serum sickness syndrome is:","exp":null,"cop":3,"opa":"A transplant immunity","opb":"An anaphylactic shock","opc":"Systemic arthus reaction","opd":"None of the above","subject_name":"Pathology","topic_name":null,"id":"be2f9b03-72ba-413f-b752-51e2f926c097","choice_type":"multi"}1183{"question":"Which of the following is used to denote a continuous variable?","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"Simple bar","opb":"Histogram","opc":"Pie diagram","opd":"Multiple bar","subject_name":"Social & Preventive Medicine","topic_name":null,"id":"1e1777f3-e961-40f6-b597-8abcd9c1d193","choice_type":"single"}1184{"question":"What dose of misoprostol is used orally to control bleeding in post paum hemorrhage?","exp":"Ans: B. 600 micrograms(Ref Williams 24\/e 1785)Approved dose of misoprostol in emergent management of postpaum hemorrhage = 600 pg.Misoprostol (Cytotec):Synthetic prostaglandin E1 analogue.Effective in prevention & treatment of atony & postpaum hemorrhage.Derman (2006) compared a 600 ug oral dose given at delivery against placebo and found that the drug decreased hemorrhage incidence from 12 to 6 percent and that of severe hemorrhage from 1.2 to 0.2 percent.","cop":2,"opa":"400 micrograms","opb":"600 micrograms","opc":"800 micrograms","opd":"1000 micrograms","subject_name":"Gynaecology & Obstetrics","topic_name":null,"id":"9abacba9-f159-401a-b974-9040f9efdd8a","choice_type":"multi"}1185{"question":"Which of the following is the best for determining the threshold for diagnosis of a positive test?","exp":"Ans: C. Receiver-operating characteristic curve(Ref http:ilvvwwlexjansen.com\/nesteg\/ne.sug10\/hl\/h107.pdf)Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve:Defined as a plot of test sensitivity as they coordinate versus its I-specificity or false positive rate (FPR) as the x coordinate.Graphic presentation of relationship between both sensitivity & specificity.Uses:Effective method for evaluating diagnostic test's performances.Excellent way to compare diagnostic tests.Best for determining threshold for diagnosis of positive test.Helps decide optimal model through determining best threshold for diagnostic test.","cop":3,"opa":"Analysis of variance","opb":"Pearson coefficient","opc":"Receiver-operating characteristic curve","opd":"Pre-test probability","subject_name":"Social & Preventive Medicine","topic_name":null,"id":"f8f510ef-4928-4806-ba2a-f984e29463c8","choice_type":"single"}1186{"question":"Highest concentration of desmosomes are seen in which location?","exp":"Desmosomes help in attaching keratinocytes and are present in Epidermis which rules out Option C & D A is St. basale and B is St. Spinosum. Highest concentration of desmosomes are prominently seen in St. spinosum, So answer is B","cop":2,"opa":"A","opb":"B","opc":"C","opd":"D","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":"AIIMS 2017","id":"9a29cd2c-e0d3-4d1e-82a7-32af10b47c9b","choice_type":"single"}1187{"question":"An 8 year old female child following URTI developed maculopapular rash on the jaw spreading onto the trunk which cleared on the 3T day without desquamation and tender post auricular and suboccipital lymphadenopathy. The diagnosis is \u2013","exp":null,"cop":3,"opa":"Kawasaki disease","opb":"Erythema infectiosiun","opc":"Rubella","opd":"Measles","subject_name":"Pediatrics","topic_name":null,"id":"f31cf6f2-74fe-4d49-a8a7-ae85b1359d2b","choice_type":"single"}1188{"question":"A 6 months old child having severe dehydration comes to the casualty with weak pulse and unrecordable B.P. Repeated attempt in gaining I.V. access has failed \u2013 The next best step is \u2013","exp":"\"If I.V. route is unsuccessful, introasseus access in the proximal tibia of an uninjured leg is the preferred alternative for children younger than 6 yrs. In children older than 6 yrs a percutaneous femoral venous line should be attempted.","cop":3,"opa":"Try again","opb":"Jugular vein catheterization","opc":"Intra osseus I.V. fluids","opd":"Venesection","subject_name":"Pediatrics","topic_name":null,"id":"867140e4-9b9f-4784-b252-9720f89a385e","choice_type":"multi"}1189{"question":"All the statements are true about standardization, except","exp":"Standard population: Is a population where numbers in each age and sex group are known\n\nTwo frequently used standard populations are:\n\nSegi world population\nEuropean standard population\n\nChoice of standard population is arbitrary:\n\nAvailable standard populations may be used\nStandard population may also be created using 2 populations\nThe national population need not always be taken as the standard population\nIs commonly used in occupational studies: Comparison of mortality in an industry and general population\nCan be used for occurrence of disease (rather than death)","cop":2,"opa":"Standardization allows comparison to be made between two different populations","opb":"The national population is always taken as the standard population","opc":"For direct standardization age specific rates of the study population are applied to that of the standard population","opd":"For indirect standardization age specific rates of the standard population are applied to the study population","subject_name":"Social & Preventive Medicine","topic_name":null,"id":"2860cd26-5fec-445c-904e-67095651fd15","choice_type":"multi"}1190{"question":"Which of the following is not removed in radical neck dissection","exp":"Answer- B. Digastric muscle* The radical neck dissection consists of removal of all five lymph node groups of one side of the neck (levels I-V).* This includes removal of the sternocleidomastoid muscle, the internal jugular vein, and the spinal accessory nerve.","cop":2,"opa":"Sternocleidomastoid muscle","opb":"Digastric muscle","opc":"Spinal accessory nerve","opd":"Internal jugular vein","subject_name":"Surgery","topic_name":null,"id":"fb136952-1310-4610-aff7-95e8b923ffd9","choice_type":"single"}1191{"question":"Loading dose depends on","exp":null,"cop":1,"opa":"Volume of distribution","opb":"Clearance","opc":"Rate of administration","opd":"Half life","subject_name":"Pharmacology","topic_name":null,"id":"38ab5796-3d7c-4203-a301-db68fa227700","choice_type":"single"}1192{"question":"A 68 years old man had severe chest pain. The patient died on the way to the hospital. In the hospital, at autopsy tetrazolium chloride staining of the hea was done. What will be the color of ble myocardium?","exp":"Answer- A. RedTriphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) stain impas a brick-red color to intact, non-infarcted myocardium where the dehydrogenase enzymes are preserved.If the infarct preceded death by 2 to 3 hours, it is possible to highlight the area of necrosis by immersion of tissue slices in a solution of triphenyltetrazolium chloride. This gross histochemical stain impas a brick-red color to intact, non-infarcted myocardium where lactate dehydrogenase activily is preserved.","cop":1,"opa":"Red","opb":"Blue","opc":"Dark brown","opd":"Pink","subject_name":"Pathology","topic_name":null,"id":"137a6893-800d-4ef6-a9b9-8e55a19b5476","choice_type":"single"}1193{"question":"A neonate has central cyanosis and short systolic murmur on the 2nd day of birth. The diagnosis is \u2013","exp":"Out of the four options, only 1st two are cyanotic heart disease i.e. TOF & TGV.\nTOF can be ruled out as it does not cause cyanosis at birth.\n\nNelson says - \"Often cyanosis is not present of birth, but with increasing hypertrophy of the right ventricular\ninfiindibulum and patient growth, Cyanosis occurs later in the 1st year of life.\"\n\nShort systolic murmur is not of much help in reaching the diagnosis as it is present in both the conditions. Transposition of great vessels \nTransposition of great vessels is defined as : -\n\ni) Aorta arising from right ventricle.\nii)Pulmonary artery arising from the left ventricle.\n\nAnatomically TGA is divided into :-\n\nA) Complete variety\n\nRight atrium is connected to right ventricle and right ventricle is connected to aorta.\nLeft atrium is connected to left ventricle and left ventricle is connected to pulmonary artery.\nThis results in complete separation of systemic and pulmonary circulation : -","cop":2,"opa":"Tetralogy of Fallot's","opb":"Transposition of great vessels","opc":"Atrial septal defect","opd":"Ventricular Septal defect","subject_name":"Pediatrics","topic_name":null,"id":"470d2dcb-0af2-4dae-8598-208eff783a95","choice_type":"multi"}1194{"question":"Christmas disease is due to deficiency of","exp":null,"cop":4,"opa":"Hagernan Factor","opb":"Platelets","opc":"Plasma thromboplastin antecedent","opd":"Plasma thromboplastin component","subject_name":"Pathology","topic_name":null,"id":"def993c5-605f-48c5-afb4-01a6f29fcc73","choice_type":"single"}1195{"question":"Latest drug reccntly approved for Amyotrophic Lateral sclerosis is?","exp":"Ans: C. EdaravoneRef href=\"https:\/\/www\/\">https:\/\/www.br ai ntrop ic. c om\/noo t rop ics\/p i rac etam\/Edaravone is a novel neuroprotective agent for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)","cop":3,"opa":"Piracetam","opb":"Ceftriaxone","opc":"Edaravone","opd":"Doxycycline","subject_name":"Pharmacology","topic_name":null,"id":"8b2bc220-f5f6-4651-89b7-c38432303837","choice_type":"single"}1196{"question":"Water content in enamel by volume","exp":null,"cop":2,"opa":"2-3%","opb":"6-7%","opc":"20-25%","opd":"10-12%","subject_name":"Dental","topic_name":null,"id":"47efd329-c1b4-49eb-8318-1cf2174b9ad9","choice_type":"single"}1197{"question":"The given below device is\/used for:","exp":"Pneumatic compression stocking is used to prevent DVT in patients with immobilization for longer duration of time. These are helpful in patients at moderate risk for DVT as a prophylactic measure but these are not effective against established thrombosis. It is used especially in bariatric population and can be used in their room, operation room or post-operative area. - DVT should be initially managed by heparin or low-molecular-weight heparin. - Long-term management is done by anti-coagulation with warfarin. - Inferior vena cava filter is indicated for patients not benefiting from medical treatment.","cop":1,"opa":"Pneumatic compression stocking","opb":"Varicose vein","opc":"Hypothermia","opd":"Cellulitis","subject_name":"Surgery","topic_name":"AIIMS 2018","id":"131f5cb9-45ff-4698-992a-dfb143a3c237","choice_type":"single"}1198{"question":"Autogenic inhibition is afunction of","exp":null,"cop":4,"opa":"Intrafusal fibre","opb":"Extrafusal fibre","opc":"Muscle spindle","opd":"Golgi tendon organ","subject_name":"Physiology","topic_name":null,"id":"ef7dd5a4-386f-45e2-aa47-b2e9835f7169","choice_type":"single"}1199{"question":"Which is not a monosaccharide?","exp":null,"cop":3,"opa":"Glucose","opb":"Galactose","opc":"Maltose","opd":"Fructose","subject_name":"Biochemistry","topic_name":null,"id":"64fb619d-cfcf-450f-a317-cb760dca53e3","choice_type":"single"}1200{"question":"A patient with cough was sputum AFB negative but chest X-ray was suggestive of TB. What should be the next step according to RNTCP?","exp":"Answer- C. Nucleic acid amplification testCaridge Based Nucleic Acid Amplification Test (CB-NAAT): The CB'NAAT is known as the GeneXpeft in mostcountries other than India This is prefered first diagnostic test in children and people with TB and HIC co-infection","cop":3,"opa":"Line probe assay","opb":"Culture","opc":"Nucleic acid amplification test","opd":"Tuberculin test","subject_name":"Social & Preventive Medicine","topic_name":null,"id":"82a21b84-e5d6-46d5-98bc-46fc75641f7b","choice_type":"multi"}

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