DJCheng/embedding_data

1{"query": "Question: Does reference range for serum and salivary testosterone in young men of Mediterranean region?\nAnswer: In men from the Mediterranean region, values of TT>9.7 nmol/L, CFT>0.22 nmol/L, and/or CBT>4.9 nmol/L make the presence of biochemical hypogonadism unlikely. According to the correlation between serum and ST, the clinical value of ST remains to be established.", "pos": "Question: Is lower-normal TSH associated with better metabolic risk factors : A cross-sectional study on Spanish men?\nAnswer: TSH and free T4 within the normal range are associated with the metabolic syndrome. The sample half-below the TSH median (with probably higher functional thyroid status) exhibited better metabolic and cardiovascular profiles.", "neg": "Question: Are the determination of total testosterone and free testosterone ( RIA ) applicable to the evaluation of gonadal function in HIV-infected males?\nAnswer: TT and FT (RIA) are not useful in the differential diagnosis of hypogonadism in HIV-infected males. There is a significant prevalence of hypogonadism in HIV-infected males, with the patient's age and duration of the disease being the only identifiable risk factors.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}2{"query": "Question: Are secretory phospholipases A2 secreted from ciliated cells and increase mucin and eicosanoid secretion from goblet cells?\nAnswer: sPLA2 are secreted from ciliated cells and appear to induce mucin and cysLT secretion from goblet cells, strongly suggesting that airway goblet cells are proinflammatory effector cells.", "pos": "Question: Are lung mast cells a source of secreted phospholipases A2?\nAnswer: sPLA(2) activity is increased in the airways of asthmatic patients. HLMCs express multiple sPLA(2)s and release 1 or more of them when activated by anti-IgE. The sPLA(2)s released by mast cells contribute to LTC(4) production by acting in an autocrine fashion. Mast cells can be a source of sPLA(2)s in the airways of asthmatic patients.", "neg": "Question: Does systemic delivery of DNA or siRNA mediated by linear polyethylenimine ( L-PEI ) induce an inflammatory response?\nAnswer: Taken together our data highlight that linear polyethylenimine is a delivery reagent of choice for nucleic acid therapeutics.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}3{"query": "Question: Is admission hyperglycemia associated with failed reperfusion following fibrinolytic therapy in patients with STEMI : results of a retrospective study?\nAnswer: In patients with STEMI who undergo FT, admission hyperglycemia is an independent predictor of the failure of fibrinolysis.", "pos": "Question: Is higher fasting glucose next day after intravenous thrombolysis independently associated with poor outcome in acute ischemic stroke?\nAnswer: FG is a powerful predictor associated with the outcome in IVT-treated AIS patients independent of AG and HbA1c.", "neg": "Question: Is metabolic flexibility in response to glucose impaired in people with type 2 diabetes after controlling for glucose disposal rate?\nAnswer: This study suggests that metabolic inflexibility to glucose in type 2 diabetic subjects is mostly related to defective glucose transport.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}4{"query": "Question: Do systematic Reviews Published in Emergency Medicine Journals Routinely Search Clinical Trials Registries : A Cross-Sectional Analysis?\nAnswer: Systematic reviews published in emergency medicine journals do not routinely include searches of clinical trials registries. By helping authors identify unpublished trial data, the addition of registry searches may improve the validity of systematic reviews.", "pos": "Question: Do citation indexes reflect methodological quality in lung cancer randomised trials?\nAnswer: Journals with higher citation factors do not appear to publish clinical trials with higher levels of methodological quality, at least for trials in the field of lung cancer research.", "neg": "Question: Are methods for detecting , quantifying , and adjusting for dissemination bias in meta-analysis described?\nAnswer: We present an overview of existing methods to detect, quantify, or adjust for dissemination bias. It remains difficult to advise which method should be used as they are all limited and their validity has rarely been assessed. Therefore, a thorough literature search remains crucial in systematic reviews, and further steps to increase the availability of all research results need to be taken.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}5{"query": "Question: Do obese patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis have a higher 90-day mortality risk with bilateral lung transplantation?\nAnswer: Our results suggest that obese patients who receive a BLT may be at higher risk of 90-day mortality compared with patients of normal weight. Further study is needed to obtain more detailed information about comorbidities and other risk factors for early death that are not included in the OPTN database.", "pos": "Question: Does obesity increase risk of anticoagulation reversal failure with prothrombin complex concentrate in those with intracranial hemorrhage?\nAnswer: Obesity and elevated initial INR are independently associated with anticoagulation reversal failure using the weight-based PCC protocol in patients with warfarin-related acute ICH. Further studies are needed to determine more effective dosing protocols and individualized strategies for anticoagulation reversal after acute ICH, especially among obese patients.", "neg": "Question: Do cardiac procedures in lung transplant recipients increase mortality in selected patients?\nAnswer: Patients who are otherwise deemed to be good candidates for lung transplantation but are found to have an associated cardiac condition that could adversely affect their candidacy may still be considered for transplantation in selected cases if the cardiac abnormality can be addressed either before or during transplantation.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}6{"query": "Question: Does promoter variant rs2301228 on the neural cell adhesion molecule 1 gene confer risk of schizophrenia in Han Chinese?\nAnswer: Our results provide direct evidence for NCAM1 as a susceptibility gene for schizophrenia, which offers support to a neurodevelopmental model and neuronal connectivity hypothesis in the onset of schizophrenia.", "pos": "Question: Does converging evidence implicate the abnormal microRNA system in schizophrenia?\nAnswer: Collectively, results from all 3 lines of evidence, suggest that the genetically based dysregulation of miRNA systems undermines miRNAs' inhibitory effects, resulting in the abnormal upregulation of genome transcription in the development of SZ.", "neg": "Question: Is polymorphism in apoA1 Influences High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels but a Major Risk Factor of Alzheimer 's Disease?\nAnswer: Our data support the observation that apoA1 polymorphism influences cholesterol metabolism and Aβ42 deposition in the brain.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}7{"query": "Question: Are [ Higher nitric oxide levels associated with disease activity in Egyptian rheumatoid arthritis patients ]?\nAnswer: There are increased levels of nitric oxide in the serum of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Nitric oxide correlates significantly with disease activity, inflammatory markers and radiological joint status.", "pos": "Question: Are in patients with rheumatoid arthritis , Dickkopf-1 serum levels correlated with parathyroid hormone , bone erosions and bone mineral density?\nAnswer: In patients with RA, serum levels of DKK1 are significantly increased, correlate with PTH and are associated with increased risk of bone erosions and osteoporosis. However, this finding deserves confirmation in a larger and more selected population.", "neg": "Question: Do synovial concentrations of the angiogenic peptides bFGF and VEGF discriminate rheumatoid arthritis from other forms of inflammatory arthritis?\nAnswer: Both serum bFGF and VEGF concentrations were increased in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Patients treated with steroids had lower synovial fluid bFGF concentrations. Synovial fluid levels of bFGF and VEGF were elevated but could not be used to distinguish rheumatoid arthritis from other forms of inflammatory arthritis.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}8{"query": "Question: Does increased Syk phosphorylation lead to overexpression of TRAF6 in peripheral B cells of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus?\nAnswer: Our results suggest that the activated Syk-mediated TRAF6 pathway leads to aberrant activation of B cells in SLE, and also highlight Syk as a potential target for B-cell-mediated processes in SLE.", "pos": "Question: Does sUMOylation of Grb2 enhance the ERK activity by increasing its binding with Sos1?\nAnswer: Our results provide evidences that Grb2 is SUMOylated in vivo and this modification enhances ERK activities via increasing the formation of Grb2-Sos1 complex, and may consequently promote cell motility, transformation and tumorigenesis.", "neg": "Question: Is eRK phosphorylation increased in papillary thyroid carcinomas with BRAF ( V600E ) mutation compared to that of corresponding normal thyroid tissues?\nAnswer: In human BRAF(V600E) (+) PTCs, ERK phosphorylation is decreased compared to normal thyroid glands and the observed decrease in ERK1/2 MAPK phosphorylation in BRAF(V600E) (+) PTCs may be associated with increased MKP-3 activity.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}9{"query": "Question: Are reasons why erupted third molars extracted in a public university in Mexico?\nAnswer: Women and patients 18 to 34 years of age had erupted 3M extracted more frequently, primarily for prosthetic reasons. The age profile indicated a trend in demand for services that differ from those of overall tooth extractions, but not for the trend across gender.", "pos": "Question: Do women with safety concerns report fewer gender-specific preventive healthcare services?\nAnswer: In this large population-based sample, women with recent self-reported safety concerns report receiving fewer recommended gender-specific preventive services.", "neg": "Question: Do financial incentives always work : an example of cesarean sections in Taiwan?\nAnswer: Cesarean section rates are greater for the higher-order births because of the practice \"once a cesarean section, always a cesarean section\". Against the background of a rapidly declining fertility rate, females play a more important role in the mode of delivery than ever before. As such, financial incentives designed specifically for obstetricians do not have the desired impact. Policies that are aimed at altering behavior should be designed within the social context.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}10{"query": "Question: Does the Boston keratoprosthesis provide a wide depth of focus?\nAnswer: The KPro's wide depth-of-focus makes the visual acuity less dependent on an exact refractive correction at distance and explains the 'pseudoaccomodation' experienced by these patients. This is primarily due to the small pupil diameter of the KPro. The current manufacturing steps in 0.50 dioptre increments appears to be sufficient.", "pos": "Question: Is combination of 5 % phenylephrine and 0.5 % tropicamide eyedrops for pupil dilation in neonates twice as effective as 0.5 % tropicamide eyedrops alone?\nAnswer: The dilated pupil surface area for the combination of 5% phenylephrine and 0.5% tropicamide was almost twice that for 0.5% tropicamide eyedrops alone and provided significantly superior quality of the eye fundus examination.", "neg": "Question: Does severe astigmatic blur interfere with spectacle lens compensation?\nAnswer: Severe astigmatic blur does not interfere with spectacle lens compensation. From this it can be inferred that the average amount of blur is not an important error signal for spectacle lens compensation and therefore probably not for emmetropization either. These results strengthen the case that the sign of defocus is used to direct eye growth.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}11{"query": "Question: Do large portion sizes increase bite size and eating rate in overweight women?\nAnswer: Increasing portion size led to a larger bite size and faster eating rate, but a slower reduction in eating speed during the meal. These changes may underlie greater energy intakes with exposure to large portions. Interventions to reduce bite size and slow eating rate may provide individuals with strategies to reduce the risk of overconsumption.", "pos": "Question: Do obese children and adolescents need increased gastric volumes in order to perceive satiety?\nAnswer: Obese children and adolescents need to ingest greater volumes to feel full which may predispose toward the consumption of larger portion sizes. This may easily lead to overeating if predominantly energy-dense foods are consumed. A reduction in energy-dense foods in the diet of obese children and adolescents appears to be a necessary strategy for managing body weight.", "neg": "Question: Do fermentable fibers affect satiety or food intake by women who do not practice restrained eating?\nAnswer: Functional fibers incorporated into chocolate bars at high fiber doses produce greater gastrointestinal symptoms than control, but do not alter satiety, hunger, or food intake compared with control in the short term.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}12{"query": "Question: Are routine preoperative restaging CTs after neoadjuvant chemoradiation for locally advanced rectal cancer low yield : a retrospective case study?\nAnswer: Because of the financial costs and established risks of intravenous contrast and cumulative radiation exposure, it may be advisable to take a more selective approach to preoperative imaging. Larger, prospective studies may enable identification of an at-risk cohort who would benefit most from restaging CT.", "pos": "Question: Is digital rectal examination in primary care important for early detection of prostate cancer : a retrospective cohort analysis study?\nAnswer: DRE is a key part of the assessment for prostate cancer. It can independently identify patients at risk of prostate cancer, with a substantial proportion of these having clinically significant disease requiring treatment. This study reinforces the importance of DRE in the primary care setting in the assessment for prostate cancer. An abnormal DRE, even in the setting of a normal PSA level, necessitates referral.", "neg": "Question: Is intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy Associated with Perioperative or Survival Benefit over 3D-Conformal Radiotherapy for Rectal Cancer?\nAnswer: IMRT is associated with worse local tumor control without any long-term survival benefit for patients with locally advanced rectal cancer. Given the lack of significant advantage and the higher cost of IMRT, caution should be exercised when using IMRT instead of traditional 3D-CRT for rectal cancer.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}13{"query": "Question: Does pancreatic polypeptide regulate glucagon release through PPYR1 receptors expressed in mouse and human alpha-cells?\nAnswer: Glucose stimulates PP secretion and PP inhibits glucagon release in mouse pancreatic islets. PP receptors are present in alpha-cells of mouse and human pancreatic islets.", "pos": "Question: Do exosomes participate in the alteration of muscle homeostasis during lipid-induced insulin resistance in mice?\nAnswer: Exosomes act as 'paracrine-like' signals and modify muscle homeostasis during high-fat diets.", "neg": "Question: Does in human IgA nephropathy uteroglobin play the role inferred from transgenic mice?\nAnswer: This first report of human IgA nephropathy after the publication of the mouse model shows that UG is not reduced in circulation and is even increased in IgA-Fn complexes. Because aberrant IgA1 glycosylation is the event initiating IgA nephropathy in humans, we speculate that the enhanced incorporation of UG into IgA-Fn complexes might represent feedback to reduce the formation of macromolecular aggregates.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}14{"query": "Question: Do two decades of British newspaper coverage regarding attempt cardiopulmonary resuscitation decisions : Lessons for clinicians?\nAnswer: Regarding DNACPR decision-making, the predominant theme was perceived lack of patient involvement, and, more recently, lack of surrogate involvement. Negative language was common, especially when decisions were presumed unilateral. Increased dialogue, and shared decision-making, is recommended.", "pos": "Question: Do residents ' practices and perceptions about resuscitate orders and pronouncing death : an opportunity for clinical training?\nAnswer: Although most residents discuss DNR status with patients and families, only a quarter are observed in such discussions by attending physicians and only a third feel comfortable with this aspect of clinical care. Developing a structured residency program curriculum to address resident skills in end-of-life care would benefit residency training.", "neg": "Question: Does two Hours of Teamwork Training improve Teamwork in Simulated Cardiopulmonary Arrest Events?\nAnswer: A 2-hour simulation-based teamwork educational intervention resulted in improved perceptions of teamwork behaviors. Participants reported interactions with other disciplines, teamwork behavior education, and debriefing sessions were beneficial for enhancing the program.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}15{"query": "Question: Is increased time from neoadjuvant chemoradiation to surgery associated with higher pathologic complete response rates in esophageal cancer?\nAnswer: A longer interval between completion of neoadjuvant chemoradiation and surgery was associated with higher pathologic complete response rates without an impact on surgical morbidity.", "pos": "Question: Is recurrent dilatation in resistant benign esophageal strictures : timing significant?\nAnswer: Dilatations performed at frequent intervals without waiting for the symptoms of dysphagia can contribute to safer and more effective results in resistant benign esophageal strictures.", "neg": "Question: Does resident participation in flexible sigmoidoscopy affect patient satisfaction?\nAnswer: Patient satisfaction and comfort with flexible sigmoidoscopy was not reduced by resident involvement, though the procedure duration was slightly longer.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}16{"query": "Question: Is epileptic focus localization based on resting state interictal MEG recordings feasible irrespective of the presence or absence of spikes?\nAnswer: Our preliminary results suggest that accurate localization of the epileptogenic focus may be accomplished using noninvasive spontaneous \"resting-state\" recordings of relatively brief duration and without the need to capture definite interictal and/or ictal abnormalities.", "pos": "Question: Does mR imaging relaxometry allow noninvasive characterization of in vivo differentiation of muscle precursor cells?\nAnswer: MR imaging relaxation and diffusion measurements can be used as potential biomarkers for noninvasive in vivo monitoring of the myogenic differentiation process from muscle precursor cells to mature skeletal muscle tissue in muscle cell therapy.", "neg": "Question: Is a corpus luteum a prerequisite for the expression of progesterone induced blocking factor by T-lymphocytes a week after implantation?\nAnswer: These data corroborate previous conclusions that PIBF is detected in a minority of women in the late luteal phase. A corpus luteum is not required for its expression.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}17{"query": "Question: Does seminal Helicobacter pylori treatment improve sperm motility in infertile asthenozoospermic men?\nAnswer: H pylori treatment significantly improves sperm motility in infertile asthenozoospermic men with elevated seminal H pylori IgA.", "pos": "Question: Does hydrogen sulfide protect testicular germ cells against heat-induced injury?\nAnswer: Our results revealed both physiological and pharmacological roles of H2S in testicular germ cells. Exogenous application of H2S may protect germ cells by preservation of mitochondrial function and stimulation of anti-oxidant activity.", "neg": "Question: Is increase of intracellular calcium a cause of pentoxifylline-induced hyperactivated motility or acrosome reaction in human sperm?\nAnswer: Pentoxifylline stimulates hyperactivated motility and acrosome reaction in spermatozoa from fertile men. Its stimulatory effects occur through mechanism(s) other than increase in intracellular calcium.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}18{"query": "Question: Does a migrating ciliary gate compartmentalize the site of axoneme assembly in Drosophila spermatids?\nAnswer: Our findings demonstrate that the ciliary gate can migrate away from the base of the cilium, thereby functioning independently of the centriole and of a static interaction with the axoneme to compartmentalize the site of axoneme assembly.", "pos": "Question: Does raf Kinase Inhibitory Protein protect cells against locostatin-mediated inhibition of migration?\nAnswer: These results suggest that locostatin's effects on cytoskeletal structure and migration are caused through mechanisms independent of its binding to RKIP and Raf/MAP kinase signaling. The protective effect of RKIP against drug inhibition of migration suggests a new role for RKIP in potentially sequestering toxic compounds that may have deleterious effects on cells.", "neg": "Question: Does tubal transport of spermatozoa appear to be dependent on normal cilia function?\nAnswer: Transport of spermatozoa is not dependent on normal ciliary function.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}19{"query": "Question: Is individual Public Transportation Accessibility Positively Associated with Self-Reported Active Commuting?\nAnswer: This study extends the knowledge about the driving forces of using public transportation for commuting by examining the individual public transportation accessibility. Findings suggest that transportation accessibility supports active commuting and planning of improved public transit accessibility has thus a potential of providing health benefits to commuters.", "pos": "Question: Is active Transportation to and on Campus Associated With Objectively Measured Fitness Outcomes Among College Students?\nAnswer: This study documents a relationship between AT behavior and objectively measured fitness among college students and provides a rationale for targeting this behavior as a method for improving health outcomes.", "neg": "Question: Does sense of coherence moderate the relationship between the perceived impact of stress on health and self-rated health in adults with congenital heart disease?\nAnswer: Our findings support the need for further research on the perceived impact of stress on health. Such insights can be valuable for developing interventions aimed at reducing the negative health consequences of stress in patients with congenital heart disease.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}20{"query": "Question: Is congenital penile pathology associated with abnormal development of the dartos muscle : a prospective study of primary penile surgery at a tertiary referral center?\nAnswer: Congenital penile pathology (hypospadias, buried penis) is associated with structural anomalies in dartos tissue. Further research is needed to unveil the pathophysiology of the condition.", "pos": "Question: Is penile Doppler ultrasound in men with stuttering priapism and sickle cell disease -- a labile baseline diastolic velocity a characteristic finding?\nAnswer: Men with SP had a unique baseline Doppler ultrasound waveform, with a low PR waveform and an elevated, variable cavernosal artery velocity. We propose that this may be the sonographic manifestation of a reduced, fluctuating smooth muscle tone and that PDU may have a role for diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring of SP.", "neg": "Question: Is reconstructive option after radical mutilating surgery in children with genitourinary rhabdomyosarcoma : When sparing the bladder an option?\nAnswer: The timing and extent of radical surgery for treatment of genitourinary rhabdomyosarcoma depend on the local anatomical conditions, and the response to previous chemo- and radiotherapy. Cystectomy followed by various reconstructive techniques still remains an important option in the local treatment.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}21{"query": "Question: Is δNp63 expression a protective factor of progression in clinical high grade T1 bladder cancer?\nAnswer: ΔNp63 expression is a favorable prognostic factor in clinically high grade T1 bladder cancer. This marker identifies patients at low risk for progression who could benefit from conservative therapy with transurethral bladder tumor resection and bacillus Calmette-Guérin, avoiding over treatment with immediate radical cystectomy.", "pos": "Question: Does cD73 predict Favorable Prognosis in Patients with Nonmuscle-Invasive Urothelial Bladder Cancer?\nAnswer: High CD73 immunoreactivity was associated with favorable clinicopathological features. Furthermore, it predicts better outcome in the subgroup of pTa and pT1 tumors and may thus serve as additional tool for the selection of patients with favorable prognosis.", "neg": "Question: Is p53 nuclear accumulation associated with decreased disease-free survival in patients with node positive transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder?\nAnswer: Despite credible evidence for p53 nuclear accumulation prognostication in patients with in situ and invasive transitional cell carcinoma, this marker is not predictive of disease-free survival in node positive disease.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}22{"query": "Question: Do high levels of procalcitonin in the early phase after pediatric liver transplantation indicate poor postoperative outcome?\nAnswer: High levels of PCT after pLTx are an early indicator of poor postoperative outcome and may reflect ischemia induced liver cell injury within the context of an ischemia- reperfusion injury.", "pos": "Question: Is low postoperative platelet count associated with negative outcome after liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma?\nAnswer: Postoperative low platelet counts are associated with poor outcome after hepatic resection for hepatocellular carcinoma.", "neg": "Question: Does pediatric renal allograft transplantation normalize the increased cortisol/cortisone ratios of chronic renal failure?\nAnswer: In all children with chronic renal failure plasma and urinary cortisol/cortisone ratios are elevated and do not return to normal levels after renal allograft transplantation. This suggests that renal transplantation does not normalize 11beta-HSD2 activity.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}23{"query": "Question: Is decreased expression of liver-type fatty acid-binding protein associated with poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma?\nAnswer: L-FABP was downregulated in HCC and could be served as a promising prognostic marker for HCC patients.", "pos": "Question: Is downregulation of MicroRNA-1 Associated with Poor Prognosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma?\nAnswer: Low miR-1 expression is associated with shortened survival time. MiR-1 may act as a potential prognostic biomarker for HCC patients.", "neg": "Question: Are p16INK4A gene alterations a prognostic indicator for survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing curative hepatectomy?\nAnswer: p16INK4A is altered frequently and early in HCC, being the predominant mechanism of inactivation promoter hypermethylation. The present results suggest that the p16INK4A gene plays an important role in the pathogenesis of HCC.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}24{"query": "Question: Does ephrin type-B receptor 4 activation reduce neointimal hyperplasia in human saphenous vein in vitro?\nAnswer: Eph-B4 is present and functional in adult human saphenous veins, with intact downstream signaling pathways capable of NO release and prevention of neointimal hyperplasia in vitro. Adventitial delivery of ephrin-B2/Fc activates endothelial Eph-B4 in saphenous veins treated with arterial shear stress in vitro. These results suggest that stimulation of Eph-B4 function may be a candidate strategy for translation to human clinical trials designed to inhibit venous neointimal hyperplasia.", "pos": "Question: Does adenoviral-mediated expression of antisense RNA to basic fibroblast growth factor reduce tangential stress in arterialized vein grafts?\nAnswer: Inhibition of bFGF synthesis in vivo with the use of adenoviral gene transfer of antisense RNA to bFGF promotes a vein graft with decreased tangential stress while maintaining the luminal area. The vein graft wall is remodeled and qualitatively resembles an artery so that wall tangential stress in Ad.ASbFGF and normal artery are not significantly different. The lack of significant difference in lumen circumference among groups suggests that wall thickening in the Ad. ASbFGF grafts is not at the expense of luminal narrowing. Our results suggest that ASbFGF RNA expression may represent an effective strategy in limiting the failure of arterialized venous conduits.", "neg": "Question: Do hypoxia and reoxygenation upregulate adhesion molecules and natural killer cell adhesion on human endothelial cells in vitro?\nAnswer: Both the expression of endothelial adhesion molecules and rolling NK cell adhesion was upregulated by TNF-alpha but not by hypoxia alone or hypoxia followed by reoxygenation supporting the view that anti-inflammatory treatment may reduce ischemia/reperfusion injury.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}25{"query": "Question: Are low serum levels of vitamin D associated with post-stroke depression?\nAnswer: Serum vitamin D levels within 24 h after admission are found to be associated with PSD and may predict its development at 1 month post-stroke.", "pos": "Question: Are subnormal levels of vitamin D associated with acute wheeze in young children?\nAnswer: Our findings support the hypothesis that subnormal levels of vitamin D are associated with acute wheeze in young children.", "neg": "Question: Is vitamin D status in youth with type 1 and type 2 diabetes enrolled in the Pediatric Diabetes Consortium ( PDC ) worse than in youth without diabetes?\nAnswer: Vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency is present in a substantial proportion of youth with diabetes, particularly minorities, but the prevalence appears similar to that in youth without diabetes. Further studies are needed to examine whether youth with diabetes would benefit from vitamin D supplementation.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}26{"query": "Question: Are polymorphisms near TBX5 and GDF7 associated with increased risk for Barrett 's esophagus?\nAnswer: We identified 2 loci associated with risk of BE and provided data to support a further locus. The genes we found to be associated with risk for BE encode transcription factors involved in thoracic, diaphragmatic, and esophageal development or proteins involved in the inflammatory response.", "pos": "Question: Is metabolic syndrome associated with increased risk of Barrett esophagus : A meta-analysis?\nAnswer: Based on the results of current meta-analysis, MS is associated with increased risk of BE. Further long-term follow-up prospective study needs to verify the current results, and definite pathophysiological mechanism needs to be further investigated and clearly elucidated.", "neg": "Question: Is polymorphism of Interleukin-6 associated with the presence or absence of high HPV E6/E7?\nAnswer: Genotypic analysis showed a striking similarity of IL6 polymorphisms in both cases and controls. The allelic distribution in cases and controls for G and C of IL6 were very similar (p=0.186), which could point to similar IL6 functionality for both groups.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}27{"query": "Question: Does danzhi Xiaoyao San ameliorate depressive-like behavior by shifting toward serotonin via the downregulation of hippocampal indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase?\nAnswer: DXS exhibited antidepressant-like effects on rats exposed to CUMS. DXS reduced IDO activity to shift the balance of the Kyn/5-HT pathway toward the 5-HT pathway.", "pos": "Question: Does vagus nerve stimulation have antidepressant effects in the kainic acid model for temporal lobe epilepsy?\nAnswer: The KA rats displayed anhedonia which was significantly decreased by VNS, indicating that this neuromodulatory treatment could likewise diminish depressive symptoms in patients suffering from temporal lobe epilepsy and comorbid depression.", "neg": "Question: Is the clinical antidepressant effect of exogenous agmatine reversed by parachlorophenylalanine : a pilot study?\nAnswer: The antidepressant effect of exogenous agmatine was documented in a small number of MDD subjects, and was not reversed/modified by PCPA confirming findings in animals that therapeutic response is not mediated by serotonergic mechanisms. A NAMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) receptor antagonist, agmatine's recognized function in brain as inhibitory modulator of excitatory glutamatergic transmission suggests a pivotal role for brain glutamate, contributing to the ripening glutamatergic basis of depression, and a rational basis for future antidepressant pharmacotherapy.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}28{"query": "Question: Is p63 more sensitive and specific than 34βE12 to differentiate adenocarcinoma of prostate from cancer mimickers?\nAnswer: Basal cell markers can help to distinguish prostate adenocarcinoma from cancer mimickers.", "pos": "Question: Does altered endosome biogenesis in prostate cancer have biomarker potential?\nAnswer: This discovery of altered endosome biogenesis in prostate cancer may lead to novel biomarkers for more precise cancer detection and patient prognosis.", "neg": "Question: Does [ TNM-Classification of localized prostate cancer : The clinical T-category correspond to the required demands ]?\nAnswer: For localized PCa there is low agreement between clinical and pathologic T category, thus, often leading to understaging. An adaptation of the T classification of the TNM system with division into \"not palpable\" and \"palpable\" appears sufficient for a prognostic prediction.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}29{"query": "Question: Does poor sleep predict symptoms of depression and disability retirement due to depression?\nAnswer: Lack of baseline diagnostic interviews; sleep quality based on self-report.", "pos": "Question: Does sleep Quality predict Persistence of Parental Postpartum Depressive Symptoms and Transmission of Depressive Symptoms from Mothers to Fathers?\nAnswer: Postpartum sleep difficulties may contribute to a vicious cycle between sleep and the persistence of depression after the birth of a child. Sleep problems may also contribute to the transmission of depression within a couple. Psychoeducation and behavioral treatments to improve sleep may benefit new parents.", "neg": "Question: Does mirtazapine improve sleep disorders in Alzheimer 's disease : results from a double-blind , placebo-controlled pilot study?\nAnswer: This study showed no significant therapeutic effects of 15-mg mirtazapine in community-dwelling Alzheimer's disease patients with sleep disorders. Instead, this study found evidence of worsening of daytime sleep patterns.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}30{"query": "Question: Are phospholipase C epsilon 1 ( PLCE1 ) haplotypes associated with increased risk of gastric cancer in Kashmir Valley?\nAnswer: These results suggest that variation in PLCE1 may be associated with GC risk in Kashmir Valley.", "pos": "Question: Does transcription Factor KLF5 bound a Cyclin E1 Polymorphic Intronic Enhancer to Confer Increased Bladder Cancer Risk?\nAnswer: A polymorphic KLF5 binding site near the CCNE1 gene explains genetic risk identified through GWAS. Mol Cancer Res; 14(11); 1078-86. ©2016 AACR.", "neg": "Question: Is pFAPA syndrome a sporadic disease?\nAnswer: These data show that a significant percentage of PFAPA patients present a positive FH of recurrent fever and PFAPA. This familial susceptibility suggests a potential genetic origin for this syndrome.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}31{"query": "Question: Is tGFBI Expression in Cancer Stromal Cells Associated with Poor Prognosis and Hematogenous Recurrence in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma?\nAnswer: High TGFBI expression in ESCC tissues could be a powerful biomarker of poor prognosis and hematogenous recurrence. TGFBI in stromal cells might be a promising molecular target for ESCC treatment.", "pos": "Question: Does tissue factor predict response to chemotherapy in esophageal cancer?\nAnswer: TF expression levels in pretreatment biopsy samples are useful for predicting response to NACT in advanced esophageal cancer. Further studies of mechanisms underlying the relationship between TF expression and chemosensitivity are needed.", "neg": "Question: Do thymidylate synthase and p53 expression in primary tumor predict chemotherapy outcome in metastatic colorectal carcinoma?\nAnswer: Immunohistochemical investigation of TS and p53 of the primary tumour is not useful to predict the outcome of palliative chemotherapy in ACRC. Instead, TS can be regarded as a marker for prediction of time to recurrence.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}32{"query": "Question: Are autoimmune features associated with chronic antibiotic-refractory pouchitis?\nAnswer: There is marked overlap of certain immune markers in patients with pouch dysfunction, especially those with CARP. Microsomal antibody expression and elevated IgG4-positive plasma cell infiltration were independent risk factors for CARP.", "pos": "Question: Are variants in TNFAIP3 , STAT4 , and C12orf30 loci associated with multiple autoimmune diseases also associated with juvenile idiopathic arthritis?\nAnswer: We have demonstrated associations between JIA and variants in the TNFAIP3, STAT4, and C12orf30 regions that have previously shown associations with other autoimmune diseases, including RA and systemic lupus erythematosus. Our results suggest that clinically distinct autoimmune phenotypes share common genetic susceptibility factors.", "neg": "Question: Does insulin resistance alone explain the clustering of cardiovascular risk factors in southern India?\nAnswer: Insulin resistance is not the only underlying factor for the clustering of CVD risk factors in south Indians. These findings are consistent with the presence of several distinct physiological domains, as shown in other ethnic groups.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}33{"query": "Question: Does identical ATP1A3 mutation cause alternating hemiplegia of childhood and rapid-onset dystonia parkinsonism phenotypes?\nAnswer: The discordance of these phenotypes suggests that there are other undiscovered environmental, genetic, or epigenetic factors influencing the development of alternating hemiplegia of childhood or rapid-onset dystonia parkinsonism.", "pos": "Question: Do tECPR2 mutations cause a new subtype of familial dysautonomia like hereditary sensory autonomic neuropathy with intellectual disability?\nAnswer: We suggest that the disease should therefore be classified as a new subtype of hereditary sensory-autonomic neuropathy. The discovery of additional mutations in non-Bukharian patients implies that this disease might be more common than previously appreciated and should therefore be considered in undiagnosed cases of intellectual disability with autonomic features and respiratory symptoms regardless of demographic origin.", "neg": "Question: Are somatic mutations observed by exome sequencing of lymphocyte DNA from monozygotic twins discordant for congenital hypothyroidism due to thyroid dysgenesis?\nAnswer: Either somatic mutations are not significant for the etiology of CH or else such mutations lie outside regions of the genome accessible by exome sequencing technology.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}34{"query": "Question: Does metabolic control analysis of the Trypanosoma cruzi peroxide detoxification pathway identify tryparedoxin as a suitable drug target?\nAnswer: These quantitative kinetic and metabolic analyses pointed out to TXN as a convenient drug target due to its low catalytic efficiency, high control on the flux of peroxide detoxification and role as provider of reducing equivalents to the two main peroxidases in the parasite.", "pos": "Question: Is transsulfuration an active pathway for cysteine biosynthesis in Trypanosoma rangeli?\nAnswer: These findings demonstrate that the RTS pathway is active in T. rangeli, suggesting that this may be the only pathway for cysteine biosynthesis in this parasite. In this sense, the RTS pathway appears to have an important functional role during the insect stage of the life cycle of this protozoan parasite.", "neg": "Question: Is kREX2 essential for either procyclic or bloodstream form Trypanosoma brucei?\nAnswer: KREX2 is a U-specific exonuclease that is dispensable for RNA editing in vivo in T. brucei BFs and PFs. This result suggests that the U deletion activity, which is required for RNA editing, is primarily mediated in vivo by KREX1 which is normally found associated with only one type of editosome. The retention of the KREX2 gene implies a non-essential role or a role that is essential in other life cycle stages or conditions.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}35{"query": "Question: Is basal Flt1 tyrosine kinase activity a positive regulator of endothelial survival and vascularization during zebrafish embryogenesis?\nAnswer: Flt1-tyrosine kinase (TK) activity contributed significantly in endothelial cells survival and vascular development during embryo angiogenesis in zebrafish by engaging PI3K/Akt pathway.", "pos": "Question: Is fOXF1 transcription factor required for formation of embryonic vasculature by regulating VEGF signaling in endothelial cells?\nAnswer: FOXF1 is required for the formation of embryonic vasculature by regulating endothelial genes critical for vascular development and vascular endothelial growth factor signaling.", "neg": "Question: Is ischemia required for arteriogenesis in zebrafish embryos?\nAnswer: We conclude that NO and myeloid cell-dependent collateral vessel development is an evolutionarily ancient response to arterial occlusion and is able to proceed in the absence of ischemia.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}36{"query": "Question: Do immunizations with hepatitis B viral antigens and a TLR7/8 agonist adjuvant induce antigen-specific immune responses in HBV-transgenic mice?\nAnswer: Immunization with CL097-conjugated HBV-Ag reversed immune tolerance in HBV-Tg mice and induced antigen-specific immune responses. TLR7/8 agonists appear to be potent adjuvants for the induction of antigen-specific Th1 responses in an immune tolerant state.", "pos": "Question: Does in vivo T-cell depletion enhance production of anti-GALalpha1,3GAL natural antibodies in alpha1,3-galactosyltransferase-deficient mice?\nAnswer: In vivo T-cell depletion facilitates anti-Gal IgM production, suggesting that T cells deliver inhibitory signals to B cells responding to Gal.", "neg": "Question: Does targeting factor VIII expression to platelets for hemophilia A gene therapy induce an apparent thrombotic risk in mice?\nAnswer: Background Targeting factor (F) VIII expression to platelets is a promising gene therapy approach for hemophilia A, and is successful even in the presence of inhibitors. It is well known that platelets play important roles not only in hemostasis, but also in thrombosis and inflammation. Objective To evaluate whether platelet-FVIII expression might increase thrombotic risk and thereby compromise the safety of this approach. Methods In this study, platelet-FVIII-expressing transgenic mice were examined either in steady-state conditions or under prothrombotic conditions induced by inflammation or the FV Leiden mutation. Native whole blood thrombin generation assay, rotational thromboelastometry analysis and ferric chloride-induced vessel injury were used to evaluate the hemostatic properties. Various parameters associated with thrombosis risk, including D-dimer, thrombin-antithrombin complexes, fibrinogen, tissue fibrin deposition, platelet activation status and activatability, and platelet-leukocyte aggregates, were assessed. Results We generated a new line of transgenic mice that expressed 30-fold higher levels of platelet-expressed FVIII than are therapeutically required to restore hemostasis in hemophilic mice. Under both steady-state conditions and prothrombotic conditions induced by lipopolysaccharide-mediated inflammation or the FV Leiden mutation, supratherapeutic levels of platelet-expressed FVIII did not appear to be thrombogenic. Furthermore, FVIII-expressing platelets were neither hyperactivated nor hyperactivatable upon agonist activation. Conclusion We conclude that, in mice, more than 30-fold higher levels of platelet-expressed FVIII than are required for therapeutic efficacy in hemophilia A are not associated with a thrombotic predilection.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}37{"query": "Question: Are lobar microbleeds associated with a decline in executive functioning in older adults?\nAnswer: Lobar microbleeds, a marker of cerebral amyloid angiopathy, are associated with an accelerated rate of executive function decline. The presence of cerebral amyloid angiopathy may be an important source of cognitive decline in aging. Future work should examine how cerebral amyloid angiopathy interacts with neurodegenerative processes, such as Alzheimer's disease.", "pos": "Question: Do amyloid and APOE ε4 interact to influence short-term decline in preclinical Alzheimer disease?\nAnswer: Clinically normal individuals who are APOE ε4+ and have high Aβ showed the highest cognitive decline. These results suggest that Aβ and APOE ε4 are not redundant contributors of decline in aging but rather interact to promote decline during the short follow-up period examined in this study. Longer follow-up periods will be essential to fully elucidate the influence of Alzheimer disease risk factors on cognitive decline in aging.", "neg": "Question: Are memory deficits in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis exclusively caused by executive dysfunction : a comparative neuropsychological study of amnestic mild cognitive impairment?\nAnswer: The presented results indicate that the interpretation of neuropsychological scores needs to take the distinct cognitive profiles in ALS and aMCI into consideration. Importantly, the observed memory deficits in ALS were distinctly different from those observed in aMCI and can be explained only to some extent in the context of comorbid (coexisting) executive dysfunction. These findings highlight the qualitative differences in temporal lobe dysfunction between ALS and aMCI patients, and support temporal lobe dysfunction as a mechanism underlying the distinct cognitive impairments observed in ALS.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}38{"query": "Question: Is self-reported physical activity in smoking pre-cessation a protective factor against relapse for all?\nAnswer: Previous quit attempts and professional activity were positive predictors of smoking abstinence, with alcohol use disorder a negative predictor. PA was not found to be a significant predictor of smoking relapse, with only a positive interaction term seen for persons on antidepressant treatment. (Am J Addict 2014;XX:1-7).", "pos": "Question: Is the effect of exercise in reducing desire to smoke and cigarette withdrawal symptoms caused by distraction?\nAnswer: A brief bout of moderate-intensity exercise can lead to a rapid reduction in desire to smoke and withdrawal discomfort, which is not due to the distracting effect of exercise or the effects of mood. These findings support recommendations to smokers to use exercise as a means of helping cope with the difficulties encountered when they try to stop.", "neg": "Question: Does precessation treatment with nicotine patch significantly increase abstinence rates relative to conventional treatment?\nAnswer: In view of these findings and similar results from previous studies, current labeling of the nicotine patch, which recommends using nicotine replacement therapy only after the quit date, should be reexamined.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}39{"query": "Question: Is breathlessness at rest the dominant presentation of patients admitted with heart failure?\nAnswer: Many patients admitted with HF are CARBOSE. Shortness of breath at rest may be more alarming, but those who are CARBOSE have a worse prognosis, perhaps reflecting more severe right heart dysfunction. Clinical trials of hospitalized HF may inappropriately exclude patients if they focus on shortness of breath at rest rather than peripheral congestion.", "pos": "Question: Are arterial blood gas derangement and level of comorbidity predictors of long-term mortality of COPD patients treated with mechanical ventilation?\nAnswer: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients treated with invasive mechanical ventilation have substantial long-term mortality. Neither the levels of arterial blood gas values measured immediately before invasive mechanical ventilation was initiated nor the burden of comorbidity were strong determinants of long-term mortality among these patients.", "neg": "Question: Is basal and β-adrenergic cardiomyocytes contractility dysfunction induced by dietary protein restriction associated with downregulation of SERCA2a expression and disturbance of endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ regulation in rats?\nAnswer: The observations reveal that protein restriction induces marked myocardial morphofunctional damage. The pathological changes of cardiomyocyte mechanics suggest the potential involvement of the β-adrenergic system, which is possibly associated with changes in SERCA2a expression and disturbances in Ca(2+) intracellular kinetics.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}40{"query": "Question: Is delayed duodenal stump blow-out following total gastrectomy for cancer : Heightened awareness for the continued presence of the surgical past in the present the key to a successful duodenal stump disruption management . A case report?\nAnswer: Several strategies have been proposed for the successful management post-gastrectomy duodenal stump disruption however; its treatment planning is absolutely determined by the presence or not of generalized peritonitis and hemodynamic instability with hostile abdomen. In such scenario, urgent reoperation is mandatory and the damage control principle should govern the operative treatment.", "pos": "Question: Do an update in the palliative management of malignant dysphagia?\nAnswer: Palliative treatment for oesophageal cancer should be individualized and relate to tumour stage, size and location, the patient's medical condition and his/her personal wishes. The palliative treatment largely includes self-expanding metal stents (SEMS), laser (including photodynamic therapy (PDT)) or a combination of the two to relieve symptoms, this may be employed with or without other treatments such as radiotherapy/chemotherapy (RT/CT) with the aim of reducing tumour bulk and possibly prolonging survival. A multi-disciplinary approach is vital in patients with advanced oesophageal cancer.", "neg": "Question: Is reconstructive option after radical mutilating surgery in children with genitourinary rhabdomyosarcoma : When sparing the bladder an option?\nAnswer: The timing and extent of radical surgery for treatment of genitourinary rhabdomyosarcoma depend on the local anatomical conditions, and the response to previous chemo- and radiotherapy. Cystectomy followed by various reconstructive techniques still remains an important option in the local treatment.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}41{"query": "Question: Are lipoprotein phospholipase A2 mass and activity associated with the diagnosis of acute brain ischemia?\nAnswer: The results of our study do not support the early measurement of Lp-PLA2 mass or activity levels for confirming an ischemic etiology in patients experiencing minor or transient focal neurological events.", "pos": "Question: Is blood pressure associated with haematoma enlargement in acute intracerebral haemorrhage?\nAnswer: In an exploratory analysis, we did not find an association between BP and HE within the first 24 h after an acute ICH.", "neg": "Question: Do spontaneous ripples in the hippocampus correlate with epileptogenicity and not memory function in patients with refractory epilepsy?\nAnswer: Our results suggest that the majority of spontaneous hippocampal ripples, as defined in the present study, may reflect pathological activity, taking into account the association with memory impairment. The absence of negative correlation between memory performance and HFO rates in seizure onset areas could be explained by HFO rates in the SOZ being generally so high that differences between areas with remaining and impaired memory function cannot be seen.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}42{"query": "Question: Is osteoprotegerin associated with subclinical left ventricular systolic dysfunction in diabetic hypertensive patients : a speckle tracking study?\nAnswer: Plasma OPG values could predict subclinical LV systolic dysfunction in diabetic hypertensive patients.", "pos": "Question: Are elevated beta2-glycoprotein I-low-density lipoprotein levels associated with the presence of diabetic microvascular complications?\nAnswer: Elevated serum β2-GPI-LDL levels may be a serological hallmark of enhanced LDL oxidation in vivo and closely associated with the presence of diabetic microvascular complications.", "neg": "Question: Do impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance predict hypertension : a community cohort study?\nAnswer: While metabolic syndrome components related to insulin resistance present at baseline are important risk factors of hypertension, we conclude that coexisting metabolic component, mainly abdominal obesity, rather than IFG and IGT have more predictive value for determining the development of hypertension in a Korean population.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}43{"query": "Question: Do a new model for the standardization of experimental burn wounds?\nAnswer: This is a safe, reliable, easy to construct and use model that has the ability to produce a regular and uniform reproducible burn due to precise temperature control associated with standardized animal positioning.", "pos": "Question: Do skin stretching for primary closure of acute burn wounds?\nAnswer: Skin Stretch for primary closure of acute burn wounds is a suitable technique and can be considered for specific circumscript full-thickness burn wounds. However, future research should be performed to provide additional scientific evidence.", "neg": "Question: Does application of Evicel to cavernous nerves of the rat influence erectile function in vivo?\nAnswer: These data suggest that the hemostatic agent, Evicel, is safe in an experimental rat model of erection physiology, with no detrimental effects on neuroregulatory control of erection.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}44{"query": "Question: Does circulating atrial natriuretic peptide genetic association study identify a novel gene cluster associated with stroke in whites?\nAnswer: This is the first large-scale genetic association study of circulating NT-proANP levels performed with replication and functional assessment that identified genetic variants in the MTHFR-CLCN6-NPPA-NPPB cluster to be significantly associated with NT-proANP levels. The clinical significance of this variation is related to lower NT-proANP levels, higher blood pressures, and an increased risk of stroke in the general community.", "pos": "Question: Are the Expression of RAC1 and Mineralocorticoid Pathway-Dependent Genes Associated With Different Responses to Salt Intake?\nAnswer: RAC1 expression was associated with an increase in MR, NGAL, NF-κB, and HO-1 expression, suggesting that RAC1 could be a mediator of cardiovascular damage induced by sodium, and may also useful to identify subjects with different responses to salt intake.", "neg": "Question: Do cardiovascular malformations caused by NOTCH1 mutations keep left : data on 428 probands with left-sided CHD and their families?\nAnswer: Pathogenic mutations in NOTCH1 were identified in 7% of familial LS-CHD and in 1% of sporadic LS-CHD. The penetrance is high; a cardiovascular malformation was found in 75% of NOTCH1 mutation carriers. The phenotypic spectrum includes LS-CHD, RS-CHD, CTD, and TAA. Testing NOTCH1 for an early diagnosis in LS-CHD/RS-CHD/CTD/TAA is warranted.Genet Med 18 9, 914-923.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}45{"query": "Question: Do whole-genome sequencing and epidemiological analysis provide evidence for cross-transmission of mycobacterium abscessus in a cohort of pediatric cystic fibrosis patients?\nAnswer: We have not demonstrated cross-transmission of M. abscessus within our hospital, except between 1 sibling pair. Alternative routes of acquisition of M. abscessus infection, in particular the environment, require further investigation.", "pos": "Question: Do results of antibiotic susceptibility testing influence clinical outcome in children with cystic fibrosis?\nAnswer: This study contributes to mounting evidence questioning the utility of routine antibiotic susceptibility testing.", "neg": "Question: Does whole genome sequencing reveal mycobacterial microevolution among concurrent isolates from sputum and blood in HIV infected TB patients?\nAnswer: Among HIV-infected patients with poor cellular immunity, infection with multiple strains of M. tuberculosis was found in half of the patients. In those patients with identical strains, whole genome sequencing indicated that M. tuberculosis intra-patient microevolution does occur in a few patients, yet did not reveal a consistent direction of spread between sputum and blood. This suggests that these compartments are highly connected and potentially seed each other repeatedly.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}46{"query": "Question: Are high Atopobium vaginae and Gardnerella vaginalis vaginal loads associated with preterm birth?\nAnswer: High vaginal loads of A. vaginae and G. vaginalis are associated with late miscarriage and prematurity in high-risk pregnancies. A high vaginal load of A. vaginae (DNA level ≥10(8) copies/mL) identifies a population at high risk of preterm birth. Further studies that both screen for and then treat A. vaginae are needed.", "pos": "Question: Is increased serum cancer antigen-125 a marker for severity of deep endometriosis?\nAnswer: Serum CA-125 levels were significantly increased in women with severe forms of endometriosis, OMA, and DIE lesions. In addition, elevated serum Ca-125 levels were associated with more severe and extended DIE lesions. In women with superficial peritoneal lesions, CA-125 levels were not different from women without endometriosis.", "neg": "Question: Is monozygotic twinning after in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection treatment related to advanced maternal age , intracytoplasmic sperm injection , assisted hatching , or blastocyst transfer?\nAnswer: Until definite conclusions are drawn from larger trials, patients receiving IVF should not be overly concerned about the increase in MZT risk when proceeding to various assisted reproductive procedures (i.e., ICSI, AH, and blastocyst transfer). However, there is some evidence that the incidence of monochorionic-monoamniotic twins may be significantly increased after IVF/ICSI cycles. Patients should be informed about the possible obstetric complications regarding this rare type of MZT.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}47{"query": "Question: Is cD30 expression a novel prognostic indicator in extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma , nasal type?\nAnswer: Our results showed that expression of CD30 was not related to response to treatment but was an independent prognostic factor for both OS and PFS in ENKTL, nasal type, which suggests a role for CD30 in the pathogenesis of this disease and may support the incorporation of anti-CD30-targeted therapy into the treatment paradigm for ENKTL.", "pos": "Question: Is increased expression of pleiotrophin a prognostic marker for patients with gastric cancer?\nAnswer: These findings indicated that the expression of PTN is significantly correlated with prognosis in gastric cancer patients, suggesting that the expression of PTN may be used as an independent prognostic marker.", "neg": "Question: Is epithelial ovarian tumors in the reproductive age group : age an independent prognostic factor?\nAnswer: Epithelial ovarian cancer patients age 30 years or younger have a more favorable prognosis because of a higher rate of early stage, low grade tumors. Patients aged 31-40 years also show a more favorable disease profile and clinical outcome, although to a lesser extent, than the average ovarian cancer population. Age does not emerge as an independent prognostic factor for ovarian carcinoma in women younger than 40 years.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}48{"query": "Question: Do [ Clinical study on continuous plasma filtration absorption treatment for burn sepsis ]?\nAnswer: CPFA, which combines hemoabsorption and hemofiltration, can facilitate the treatment of burn sepsis by decreasing the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines efficiently, alleviating systemic inflammatory response, and improving the immune status.", "pos": "Question: Do [ Effects of continuous positive airway pressure treatment of inflammatory factors in patients with overlap syndrome ]?\nAnswer: CPAP treatment significantly reduces the serum levels of CRP and TNF-α so as to improve inflammation responses in OS and OSAS patients.", "neg": "Question: Does repeated applications of cold atmospheric pressure plasma induce resistance in Staphylococcus aureus embedded in biofilms?\nAnswer: The repeated application of cold plasma is a promising option for the treatment of infected wounds without the risk of development of resistance against plasma.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}49{"query": "Question: Do [ Perinatal variables from newborns of Aymara mothers suggest a genetic adaptation to high altitude ]?\nAnswer: Altitude of residence is related to a decrease in perinatal variables that proved to be less pronounced in newborns of mothers with a higher degree of Aymara ancestry. RESULTS suggest a genetic adaptation to hypoxia that could be related to candidate genes linked to the capture, transport or utilization of oxygen.", "pos": "Question: Is the Interaction Between Prenatal Exposure to Home Renovation and Reactive Oxygen Species Genes in Cord Blood IgE Response Modified by Maternal Atopy?\nAnswer: Maternal atopy modified the effect of prenatal exposure to home renovation on CB serum IgE response as well as the interaction between the exposure and neonatal genes involved in the oxidative stress pathway. These findings suggest that the genetically susceptible offspring of atopic mothers may be more vulnerable to the effect of prenatal exposure to home renovation on the development of allergy.", "neg": "Question: Is apomixis prevalent in subnival to nival plants of the European Alps?\nAnswer: The occurrence of apomixis is not correlated to high altitudes, and cannot be readily explained by selective forces due to environmental conditions. The investigated species have probably other adaptations to high altitudes to maintain reproductive assurance via sexuality. We hypothesize that shifts to apomixis are rather connected to frequencies of polyploidization than to ecological conditions.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}50{"query": "Question: Is 25-hydroxyvitamin D status associated with chronic cerebral small vessel disease?\nAnswer: 25(OH)D is inversely associated with lacunes, white matter hyperintensity, and deep CMB. Our findings suggest that 25(OH)D is linked to small vessel disease, and in future trials it should be tested whether 25(OH)D supplementation can prevent small vessel disease.", "pos": "Question: Is serum vitamin D associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Chinese males with normal weight and liver enzymes?\nAnswer: The present study demonstrated that serum 25(OH)D3 levels were inversely associated with NAFLD, even in subjects with normal total body fat, suggesting a potential role of lower levels of vitamin D in the occurrence and development of NAFLD.", "neg": "Question: Is vitamin D status in youth with type 1 and type 2 diabetes enrolled in the Pediatric Diabetes Consortium ( PDC ) worse than in youth without diabetes?\nAnswer: Vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency is present in a substantial proportion of youth with diabetes, particularly minorities, but the prevalence appears similar to that in youth without diabetes. Further studies are needed to examine whether youth with diabetes would benefit from vitamin D supplementation.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}51{"query": "Question: Is cD133-positive tumor cell content a predictor of early recurrence in colorectal cancer?\nAnswer: These findings indicate that CD133 is a valid marker for identifying cancer stem cells from fresh surgically resected colorectal cancer tissues. Furthermore, we successfully established a living tumor tissue bank using surgically resected colorectal tissues with a viability of >70%.", "pos": "Question: Is structural maintenance of chromosomes 4 a predictor of survival and a novel therapeutic target in colorectal cancer?\nAnswer: Our clinical and experimental data suggest that SMC-4 may contribute to the progression of colorectal carcinogenesis. Our study provides a new therapeutic target for colorectal cancer treatment.", "neg": "Question: Do radiological findings support lateral residual tumour as a major cause of local recurrence of rectal cancer?\nAnswer: Lateral pelvic lymph node metastases are not a major cause of local recurrence after TME. Partial mesorectal excision may be associated with an increased risk of local recurrence from tumours in the upper rectum.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}52{"query": "Question: Does traumatic brain injury induce neuroinflammation and neuronal degeneration that is associated with escalated alcohol self-administration in rats?\nAnswer: These results show an association between post-TBI escalation of alcohol drinking and marked localized neuroinflammation at the site of injury. Moreover, these results highlight the relevance of baseline alcohol preference in determining post-TBI alcohol drinking. Further investigation to determine the contribution of neuroinflammation to increased alcohol drinking post-TBI is warranted.", "pos": "Question: Is early activation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 associated with blood-brain barrier disruption after photothrombotic cerebral ischemia in rats?\nAnswer: The early activation of MMP-9 was correlated with the increase in the permeability of the BBB. Our findings suggest that MMP-9 is the key factor involved in BBB disruption and subsequent brain injury after photothrombotic cerebral ischemia in rats.", "neg": "Question: Does chronic binge alcohol consumption diminish effectiveness of continuous antiretroviral suppression of viral load in simian immunodeficiency virus-infected macaques?\nAnswer: These findings indicate that CBA does not attenuate effectiveness of NRTI suppression of viral load, nor does it appear to interact with NRTI to produce toxicity during the initial 2 months of treatment. We conclude that while efforts to reduce AUD in PLWHA should be a priority, counseling on the importance of adherence to ART even on drinking days should also be promoted.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}53{"query": "Question: Does maternal undernutrition induce premature reproductive senescence in adult female rat offspring?\nAnswer: Our data indicate that the maternal nutritional environment programs the reproductive potential of the offspring through alteration of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. The premature reproductive senescence in LBW offspring could be secondary to the development of obesity and hyperleptinemia in these animals in adult life.", "pos": "Question: Does post-weaning diet determine metabolic risk in mice exposed to overnutrition in early life?\nAnswer: These results suggest that post-weaning exposure to a high-fat high-sugar diet has a more profound effect on offspring weight gain and glucose tolerance than exposure to maternal overnutrition. These data emphasise the importance of optimising early life nutrition in offspring of both obese and lean mothers.", "neg": "Question: Is retinol-binding protein-4 strongly associated with insulin sensitivity in normal pregnancies?\nAnswer: The increased fat mass and insulin resistance during normal pregnancy was best explained by measures of fat mass. However, the increase in RBP4 from early to late pregnancy, associated with a decline in insulin sensitivity, potentially indicates interactions with glucose metabolism.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}54{"query": "Question: Does granulocyte colony-stimulating factor prevent loss of spermatogenesis after sterilizing busulfan chemotherapy?\nAnswer: These results demonstrate that G-CSF protects spermatogenesis from gonadotoxic insult (busulfan) in rodents, and this may occur via direct action on CSF3R+ undifferentiated spermatogonia. G-CSF treatment might be an effective adjuvant therapy to preserve male fertility in cancer patients receiving sterilizing treatments.", "pos": "Question: Does s100A3 suppression inhibit in vitro and in vivo tumor growth and invasion of human castration-resistant prostate cancer cells?\nAnswer: Human CRPC cells showed upregulation of S100A3 expression, and S100A3 inhibition reduced tumor cell viability. S100A3 inhibition reduced invasion capability with downregulation of MMP expression. More importantly, S100A3 inhibition resulted in tumor growth suppression in human CRPC xenograft models, suggesting S100A3 could serve as a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of human CRPC.", "neg": "Question: Does neo/adjuvant chemotherapy improve outcome in resected primary synovial sarcoma : a study of the French Sarcoma Group?\nAnswer: As for other high-grade soft-tissue sarcomas, well-planned wide surgical excision with adjuvant radiotherapy remains the cornerstone of treatment for SS. Neo-adjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy should not be delivered outside a clinical trial setting.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}55{"query": "Question: Is saikosaponin b2 a naturally occurring terpenoid that efficiently inhibits hepatitis C virus entry?\nAnswer: Due to its potency, SSb2 may be of value for development as an antagonist of HCV entry and could be explored as prophylactic treatment during the course of liver transplantation.", "pos": "Question: Is sULF2 , a heparan sulfate endosulfatase , present in the blood of healthy individuals and increases in cirrhosis?\nAnswer: SULF2 may be a useful serologic biomarker for liver cirrhosis.", "neg": "Question: Are aPOBEC and iNOS the main intracellular effectors of IFN-gamma-mediated inactivation of Hepatitis B virus replication?\nAnswer: IFN-gamma inhibits HBV replication and up-regulates both iNOS and A3G. However, other pathways appear to have a greater role in IFN-gamma-induced HBV inactivation in the liver.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}56{"query": "Question: Does autotaxin activity have a high accuracy to diagnose intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy?\nAnswer: Increased serum autotaxin activity represents a highly sensitive, specific and robust diagnostic marker of ICP, distinguishing ICP from other pruritic disorders of pregnancy and pregnancy-related liver diseases. Pregnancy and oral contraception increase serum autotaxin to a much lesser extent than ICP.", "pos": "Question: Does the biochemical severity of primary hyperparathyroidism correlate with the localization accuracy of sestamibi and surgeon-performed ultrasound?\nAnswer: Surgeon-performed ultrasound and sestamibi have higher localization rates and PPV, with increasing preoperative serum calcium and PTH levels. Surgeon-performed ultrasound may be a better initial test for patients with lower calcium (<10.5 mg/dL) and PTH (<90 pg/mL) values due to significantly higher localization rates; however, a localizing sestamibi has higher PPV.", "neg": "Question: Is serum creatine kinase a reliable indicator of ectopic pregnancy?\nAnswer: Although the mean value of serum creatine kinase is statistically significantly higher in ectopic pregnancy relative to controls, the distribution curve for creatine kinase values for ectopics is broad, with much overlap with the control curve. Hence, the sensitivity and positive predictive value for this test is poor.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}57{"query": "Question: Does a dedicated research program increase the quantity and quality of orthopaedic resident publications?\nAnswer: Currently in the United States, there are no standard policies or requirements that dictate how research should be incorporated in orthopaedic surgery residency training programs. The results of our study suggest that implementation of a dedicated resident research program improves the quantity and to some extent quality of orthopaedic resident research publications, but this effect did not persist after graduation.", "pos": "Question: Do residency program trainee-satisfaction correlate with results of the European board examination in neurosurgery?\nAnswer: With every one-step improvement on the country-specific satisfaction score for theoretical training, the score in the EBE-NS Part 1 increased by 3.8 %. With every one-step improvement on the country-specific satisfaction score for practical training, the score in the EBE-NS Part 2 increased by 9.47 %. Improving training conditions is likely to have a direct positive influence on the knowledge level of trainees, as measured by the EBE-NS. The effect of the actual working time on the theoretical and practical knowledge of neurosurgical trainees appears to be insignificant.", "neg": "Question: Does protected Resident Research Time Increase the Quantity or Quality of Residency Program Research Publications : A Comparison of 3 Orthopedic Residencies?\nAnswer: Residency programs with dedicated research time did not produce significantly (p > 0.05) more, or higher quality, PRPs than residencies without dedicated research time. It may be that the quantity and quality of PRPs is related more to faculty engagement, research interest, and mentorship at individual programs rather than the number of residents given dedicated time to complete research.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}58{"query": "Question: Does cationic Nanogel-mediated Runx2 and Osterix siRNA Delivery decrease Mineralization in MC3T3 Cells?\nAnswer: Although mRNA and protein knockdown were confirmed as a result of RNAi treatments against Runx2 and Osx, complete elimination of mineralization processes was not achieved. RNAi targeting mid- and late-stage osteoblast differentiation markers such as ALP, osteocalcin, osteopontin, and bone sialoprotein) may produce the desired RNAi-nanogel nanostructured polymer HO prophylaxis.", "pos": "Question: Are mitochondrial SIRT3 and its target glutamate dehydrogenase altered in follicular cells of women with reduced ovarian reserve or advanced maternal age?\nAnswer: SIRT3 mRNA and active protein in granulosa and cumulus cells were decreased in women with reduced ovarian reserve and advanced maternal age.", "neg": "Question: Do urinary crystallization inhibitors prevent crystal binding?\nAnswer: The adherence of crystals to pericellular matrixes may encompass more than their simple fixation to the polysaccharide HA. Calcium oxalate crystal retention is not prevented by coating crystals with urinary constituents such as glycoproteins and, therefore, may predominantly depend on the surface properties of the renal tubular epithelium.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}59{"query": "Question: Do no sex differences exist in posterior condylar offsets of the knee?\nAnswer: Results of our study showed that knees in males exhibited greater posterior condylar offset and greater total condylar height at the medial and lateral femoral condyles, however, there were no sex differences in the ratio of posterior condylar offset to condylar height at either condyle.", "pos": "Question: Are blood cadmium levels associated with a decline in lung function in males?\nAnswer: A higher blood cadmium level, within the normal range, was associated with COPD in males, including those who had never smoked. However, there was no significant association between blood cadmium levels and COPD in females.", "neg": "Question: Does gender difference affect the outcomes of eccentric rotational acetabular osteotomy used in hip dysplasia?\nAnswer: The mean operative time and the blood loss were not significantly different between male and female patients. Postoperative CE angle tended to be smaller in male than female patients. The survival rate was not significantly different between males and females. Gender difference did not affect the clinical outcomes of ERAO in patients with hip dysplasia.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}60{"query": "Question: Do gene polymorphisms of stress hormone and cytokine receptors associate with immunomodulatory profile and psychological measurement?\nAnswer: The data support the notion that gene polymorphisms from various components of the psychoneuroendocrine-immune network may be useful as biomarkers to categorize individual stress-associated immune responses.", "pos": "Question: Does dorsomedial Prefrontal Cortex mediate the Impact of Serotonin Transporter Linked Polymorphic Region Genotype on Anticipatory Threat Reactions?\nAnswer: The converging results from these experiments demonstrate that innate 5-HTTLPR linked variation in dmPFC activity predicts psychophysiological responsivity to pending threats. Our results reveal a neurogenetic pathway mediating interindividual variability in anticipatory responses to threat and yield a novel mechanistic account for previously reported associations between genetic variability in serotonin transporter function and stress-related psychopathology.", "neg": "Question: 's it what you think , it 's how you relate to it : dispositional mindfulness moderates the relationship between psychological distress and the cortisol awakening response?\nAnswer: These findings are consistent with the idea that the tendency to describe and accept experiences may buffer the impact of psychological distress on physiological arousal. These metacognitive processes may be important moderators in unraveling the complex relationship between psychological distress and physiological stress reactivity. Further research is recommended to replicate this approach in other populations.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}61{"query": "Question: Does housing temperature influence the pattern of heat shock protein induction in mice following mild whole body hyperthermia?\nAnswer: Taken together, these data show that housing temperature significantly influences the expression of HSPs in mice after whole body heating and thus should be considered when stress responses are studied in mice.", "pos": "Question: Does exercise improve cognition and hippocampal plasticity in APOE epsilon4 mice?\nAnswer: Our results support the hypothesis that exercise can improve cognitive function, particularly in epsilon4 carriers.", "neg": "Question: Does aberrant interleukin-1 signalling increase susceptibility of mice to NOD2-dependent uveitis?\nAnswer: Our findings highlight the complexity of NOD2 activation and IL-1 signalling effects that can be compounded by local environmental factors of the target organ. These observations may impact how we understand the molecular mechanisms by which NOD2 influences inflammation of the eye versus joint, and consequently, treatment options for uveitis versus arthritis.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}62{"query": "Question: Does intra-articular injection of synthetic microRNA-210 accelerate avascular meniscal healing in rat medial meniscal injured model?\nAnswer: An intra-articular injection of ds miR-210 was effective in the healing of the damaged white zone meniscus through promotion of the collagen type 2 production from meniscus cells and through upregulated of VEGF and FGF2 from synovial cells.", "pos": "Question: Does topical vitamin K1 promote repair of full thickness wound in rat?\nAnswer: Topical vitamin K demonstrates wound healing potential in full-thickness wound model.", "neg": "Question: Does systemic antibiotic therapy significantly improve outcome in a rat model of implant-associated osteomyelitis induced by Methicillin susceptible Staphylococcus aureus?\nAnswer: Systemic perioperative and implant-associated application of antibiotics were both comparably effective to treat implant-associated infections whereas the combined antibiotic therapy further reduced systemic signs of infection time dependent.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}63{"query": "Question: Does pRMT5 enhance generation of induced pluripotent stem cells from dairy goat embryonic fibroblasts via down-regulation of p53?\nAnswer: This study provides an efficient model for future studies on mechanisms underlying goat somatic cell reprogramming and differentiation.", "pos": "Question: Does the ets-domain transcription factor Spdef promote maturation of goblet and paneth cells in the intestinal epithelium?\nAnswer: Spdef acts downstream of Math1 to promote terminal differentiation of a secretory progenitor pool into Paneth and goblet cells.", "neg": "Question: Does delayed blastocyst development influence the outcome of frozen-thawed transfer cycles?\nAnswer: The pregnancy potential of high-grade blastocysts frozen on day 5 and day 6 after in vitro fertilisation and replaced in programmed TBT cycles is comparable.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}64{"query": "Question: Do minimally invasive retroperitoneoscopic surgery for psoas abscess with thoracolumbar tuberculosis?\nAnswer: The retroperitoneoscopic technique for PA gain advantages in terms of shorter hospital stay, minimal invasiveness, absence of radiation, quicker recovery to daily life compared with percutaneous drainage, and anterior or posterior debridement surgery. Despite the technique not been fully clinically proved, it seems to be a recommended option as an effective diagnostic and therapeutic technique for PA, especially with massive or complicated PA.", "pos": "Question: Is a sheathless retrograde approach via the popliteal artery useful and safe for treating chronic total occlusions in the superficial femoral artery?\nAnswer: Based on this retrospective analysis, the use of a microcatheter for SFA CTO retrograde access appears to be superior to 4-F or 6-F sheaths in terms of shorter time to hemostasis and fewer complications.", "neg": "Question: Is initial resection of potentially viable tissue optimal treatment for grades II-IV pancreatic injuries?\nAnswer: Grade II pancreatic injuries do not require routine surgical exploration in children. Grade III and IV injuries in this series were treated with expeditious drainage of the pancreatic bed and did not require routine pancreatectomy or endoscopic stent [corrected] placement as some have recommended. Early drainage shortens hospital stay, and outcomes from this therapy are excellent. Pancreatic resection of exocrine defunctionalized segments of pancreas may be performed safely electively after acute injury if necessary, but anecdotal information from this series indicates that too may not be necessary. Grade V injuries often are accompanied by multiple other organ injuries and are associated with a significant mortality rate. A multi-institutional investigation is warranted to reassess optimal therapy for pancreatic injury in children.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}65{"query": "Question: Is cartilage thickness at the posterior medial femoral condyle increased in femorotibial knee osteoarthritis : a cross-sectional CT arthrography study ( Part 2 )?\nAnswer: Cartilage thickness at the non-weight-bearing posterior aspect of the medial condyle, but not of the lateral condyle, was increased in OA knees compared to non-OA knees. Furthermore, cartilage thickness at the posterior aspect of the medial condyle increased with increasing K/L grade.", "pos": "Question: Is synovial fluid level of aggrecan ARGS fragments a more sensitive marker of joint disease than glycosaminoglycan or aggrecan levels : a cross-sectional study?\nAnswer: Levels of aggrecan ARGS fragments in human synovial fluid are increased in human arthritis, OA and after knee injury, likely reflecting an enhanced cleavage at the 392Glu-393Ala bond in the IGD by aggrecanase. An assay that specifically quantified these fragments better distinguished samples from joints with pathology than assays monitoring aggrecan or glycosaminoglycan concentrations. The newly developed ARGS fragment assay can be used to monitor aggrecanase activity in human joint disease and experimental models.", "neg": "Question: Do lateral osteophytes represent a contraindication to medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty : a 15-year follow-up?\nAnswer: The presence of lateral osteophytes is not a contraindication to medial meniscal-bearing unicompartmental knee arthroplasty. The clinical relevance of this study is that it highlights the importance of an appropriate pre-operative assessment of the lateral compartment as in the setting of full-thickness cartilage at operation lateral osteophytes do not compromise long-term functional outcome or implant survival.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}66{"query": "Question: Does loss of Frzb and Sfrp1 differentially affect joint homeostasis in instability-induced osteoarthritis?\nAnswer: Using the DMM model, we demonstrated that FRZB and SFRP1 differentially modulate joint homeostasis in two distinct compartments of the joint. These data highlight the fine-tuning of Wnt signaling in joint homeostasis and disease, show differential regulation of the cascade in cartilage and subchondral bone, and provide further evidence for a role of endogenous Wnt modulators as key players in OA.", "pos": "Question: Does dkk-1-mediated inhibition of Wnt signaling in bone ameliorate osteoarthritis in mice?\nAnswer: Wnt activation in OA affects the whole joint, particularly bone. Selective inhibition of this pathway in bone by Dkk-1 decreased OA severity through VEGF inhibition.", "neg": "Question: Does aberrant interleukin-1 signalling increase susceptibility of mice to NOD2-dependent uveitis?\nAnswer: Our findings highlight the complexity of NOD2 activation and IL-1 signalling effects that can be compounded by local environmental factors of the target organ. These observations may impact how we understand the molecular mechanisms by which NOD2 influences inflammation of the eye versus joint, and consequently, treatment options for uveitis versus arthritis.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}67{"query": "Question: Does tetraploid complementation prove pluripotency of induced pluripotent stem cells derived from adipose tissue?\nAnswer: We also directed differentiation of iPS cells into chondrocytes, thus adipose-derived iPS cells can be used as models to study chondrogenic differentiation and cartilage regeneration.", "pos": "Question: Do rabbit nucleus pulposus cells facilitate differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells into nucleus pulposus-like cells?\nAnswer: In some condition, ADSCs have the potency to differentiate toward nucleus pulposus-like cells. ADSCs are better seed cells for tissue engineering of artificial nucleus pulposus.", "neg": "Question: Is mesenchymal stromal cell phenotype influenced by confluence during culture expansion?\nAnswer: These data demonstrate that MSC characteristics and plasticity can be maintained during culture expansion from bone marrow mononuclear cells to MSCs and that a homogeneous phenotype of undifferentiated MSCs which persists independent of cell density can be used for clinical therapies.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}68{"query": "Question: Does implementation of the acute care surgery model provide benefits in the surgical treatment of the acute appendicitis?\nAnswer: The ACS model may improve abdominal surgical efficiency and quality. Our study results echoed the benefits of the implementation of the ACS model shown in North America.", "pos": "Question: Does aggressive Aortic Arch and Carotid Replacement Strategy for Type A Aortic Dissection improve Neurologic Outcomes?\nAnswer: An algorithmic approach to TAAD including (1) rapid transport-to-incision-to-cardiopulmonary bypass established centrally, (2) neurocerebral monitoring, (3) liberal use of total arch replacement for clearly defined indications (and hemiarch for all others), and (4) common carotid arterial replacement for concomitant carotid dissections significantly improves outcomes.", "neg": "Question: Does systemic antibiotic therapy significantly improve outcome in a rat model of implant-associated osteomyelitis induced by Methicillin susceptible Staphylococcus aureus?\nAnswer: Systemic perioperative and implant-associated application of antibiotics were both comparably effective to treat implant-associated infections whereas the combined antibiotic therapy further reduced systemic signs of infection time dependent.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}69{"query": "Question: Is radiofrequency ablation plus devascularization the preferred treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma with esophageal varices?\nAnswer: RFA plus devascularization is the preferred treatment of HCC with EVB. RFA plus devascularization should be considered in Child-Pugh class A patients below 50 years of age.", "pos": "Question: Is yttrium-90 radioembolization a safe and effective treatment for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma : a single centre experience of 45 consecutive patients?\nAnswer: Radioembolization with 90Y is a safe and effective treatment for unresectable HCC.", "neg": "Question: Is addition of rituximab associated with survival benefit compared with CHOP alone for patients with stage I diffuse large B-cell lymphoma?\nAnswer: CHOP alone could be as effective as R-CHOP regimen and additional radiotherapy would be necessary for stage I or stage I non-bulky DLBCL patients.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}70{"query": "Question: Is enhancement of in vitro activity of tuberculosis drugs by addition of thioridazine reflected by improved in vivo therapeutic efficacy?\nAnswer: Thioridazine is bactericidal towards Mtb in vitro, irrespective the mycobacterial growth rate and results in enhanced activity of the standard regimen. The in vitro activity of thioridazine in potentiating isoniazid and rifampicin is not reflected by improved therapeutic efficacy in a murine TB-model.", "pos": "Question: Is enhancement of in vitro activity of tuberculosis drugs by addition of thioridazine reflected by improved in vivo therapeutic efficacy?\nAnswer: Thioridazine is bactericidal towards Mtb in vitro, irrespective the mycobacterial growth rate and results in enhanced activity of the standard regimen. The in vitro activity of thioridazine in potentiating isoniazid and rifampicin is not reflected by improved therapeutic efficacy in a murine TB-model.", "neg": "Question: Does taurolidine specifically inhibit growth of neuroblastoma cell lines in vitro?\nAnswer: The observed negative impact on cell growth, highly distinctive in SK-N-BE(2)-M17 and SK-N-SH, implies a taurolidine-specific mode of action that appears dependent on differences on cellular and molecular level. Further investigations are warranted to evaluate its mechanism and probable clinical use.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}71{"query": "Question: Do youth walking and biking rates vary by environments around 5 Louisiana schools?\nAnswer: There is a role and a need for the SRTS program. The environment and other factors influence biking and walking to school.", "pos": "Question: Do mental health service use among high school students exposed to interpersonal violence?\nAnswer: Associations between adolescent violence exposure and mental health service contact vary by forms of exposure. Outreach to a broader set of exposed youth may reduce the impact of violence and its consequences for vulnerable students.", "neg": "Question: Do parent-child physical activity relationships in 12-year old French students depend on family socioeconomic status?\nAnswer: Parental involvement in sport is an important correlate of a young adolescent's participation in structured PA outside school, whatever the family SES or corpulence of the family members.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}72{"query": "Question: Does blockade of Central Angiotensin II AT1 Receptor protect the Brain from Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Normotensive Rats?\nAnswer: Angiotensin II by stimulating AT1 receptors, participates in ischemia-reperfusion injuries and edema formation. AT1 receptor blockade with candesartan decreased ischemic brain injury and edema and improved neurological outcome.", "pos": "Question: Does n2 extenuate experimental ischemic stroke through platelet aggregation inhibition?\nAnswer: N2 can improve the motor function, learning and memory ability in MCAO/R rats while reducing the infarct volume. N2 can inhibit TXA2 formation but promote PGI2, and can inhibit platelet aggregation induced by U46619 and ADP. Further, N2 inhibits thrombosis with a minor adverse effect of bleeding than Clopidogrel. In conclusion, N2 can produce the protective effect on MCAO/R brain injury through inhibiting TXA2 formation, platelet aggregation and thrombosis.", "neg": "Question: Does effective inhibition of nitric oxide production by aminoguanidine reverse hypotension in endotoxaemic rats?\nAnswer: AG inhibited NO formation in a dose-dependent way. Yet, AG had no haemodynamic effects, suggesting a minor cardiovascular influence of iNOS in this endotoxin model, in parallel to what has been found in microbial sepsis.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}73{"query": "Question: Does syngap1 haploinsufficiency damage a postnatal critical period of pyramidal cell structural maturation linked to cortical circuit assembly?\nAnswer: Pathogenic Syngap1 mutations have a profound impact on the dynamics and structural integrity of pyramidal cell postsynaptic structures known to guide the de novo wiring of nascent cortical circuits. These findings support the idea that disrupted critical periods of dendritic growth and spine plasticity may be a common pathologic process in developmental brain disorders.", "pos": "Question: Does complex pattern of interaction between in utero hypoxia-ischemia and intra-amniotic inflammation disrupt brain development and motor function?\nAnswer: Prenatal TSHI and TSHI + LPS lead to different patterns of injury with respect to myelination, axon integrity and gait deficits. Dual injury leads to acute alterations in glial response and cellular inflammation, while TSHI alone causes more prominent chronic white matter and axonal injury. Both injuries cause significant gait deficits. Further study will contribute to stratification of injury mechanisms in preterm infants, and guide the use of promising therapeutic interventions.", "neg": "Question: Is latent inhibition in 35-day-old rats an `` adult '' latent inhibition : implications for neurodevelopmental models of schizophrenia?\nAnswer: The results point to functionality within brain systems regulating LI acquisition but not those regulating LI expression in periadolescent rats, further suggesting that postpubertal maturation of the latter systems may underlie schizophrenia-mimicking LI disruption reported in adult rats following perinatal manipulations and possibly disrupted LI observed in schizophrenia.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}74{"query": "Question: Is pentraxin 3 reduced in bipolar disorder?\nAnswer: Individuals with bipolar disorder have low levels of pentraxin 3 which may reflect impaired innate immunity. An increased understanding of the role of innate immunity in the etiopathogenesis of bipolar disorder might lead to new modalities for the diagnosis and treatment of this disorder.", "pos": "Question: Does dNA hypomethylation of Synapsin II CpG islands associate with increased gene expression in bipolar disorder and major depression?\nAnswer: These findings contribute to previous work showing dysregulation of Synapsins, particularly SYN2, in mood disorders and improve our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms that precipitate these changes likely leading to the BD or MDD phenotype.", "neg": "Question: Is vascular function impaired early in the course of bipolar disorder?\nAnswer: The lack of clinically significant differences in vascular function in this young sample suggests any increased risk either occurs later in the course of illness or is largely due to behavioral risk factors, such as smoking, which was balanced between groups. Substantial insulin resistance is identifiable early in course of illness, perhaps secondary to treatment.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}75{"query": "Question: Are human enteroviruses the cause of neurological impairments in children at the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital?\nAnswer: Non-polio enteroviruses and chikugunya virus were found not to be the etiologic agent responsible for the convulsion with neurologic morbidity observed in the Ghanaian children. Investigation for other viral agents is recommended.", "pos": "Question: Are attention deficits characteristic of schoolchildren with newly diagnosed idiopathic or cryptogenic epilepsy?\nAnswer: Children with newly diagnosed \"epilepsy only\" do not have persistent attention deficits. AED treatment has no detrimental effect on attention. Prior school and behavior difficulties and a maladaptive reaction to the onset of epilepsy rather than epilepsy variables are related to decreased attentional efficiency.", "neg": "Question: Does severe cranial neuropathies caused by fall from heights in children?\nAnswer: Cranial neuropathies due to falls from heights are rare in children and are associated with high visual morbidity. Vision or ocular motility impairment, especially monocular vision loss, may be missed during acute intake to the emergency department, and a high index of suspicion is needed. Assessment of the pupillary response to light is essential.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}76{"query": "Question: Does a whole blood-based perfusate provide superior preservation of myocardial function during ex vivo heart perfusion?\nAnswer: A whole blood-based perfusate (RBC+Plasma) minimizes injury and provides superior preservation of myocardial function during EVHP. The beneficial effect of plasma on the preservation of myocardial function requires further investigation.", "pos": "Question: Does erythropoietin priming improve the vasculogenic potential of G-CSF mobilized human peripheral blood mononuclear cells?\nAnswer: Brief ex vivo EPO-priming is a novel method to augment the vasculogenic potential of human (mob)PBMCs, which would help to achieve better results after intracoronary infusion in myocardial infarction patients.", "neg": "Question: Is platelet function in stored heparinised autologous blood superior to in patient platelet function during routine cardiopulmonary bypass?\nAnswer: Ex vivo preservation of autologous blood in unfractionated heparin does not seem to be profitable to preserve platelet function.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}77{"query": "Question: Is elevated immune monitoring early after cardiac transplantation associated with increased plaque progression by intravascular ultrasound?\nAnswer: Elevated early IM scores are associated with progression of CAV by IVUS. These findings suggest the potential of IM for tailoring of immunosuppressive regimens to minimize the progression of CAV in high-risk patients.", "pos": "Question: Does cholesterol efflux capacity of high-density lipoprotein correlate with survival and allograft vasculopathy in cardiac transplant recipients?\nAnswer: Reduced CEC is associated with disease progression and mortality in CAV patients. These findings suggest the hypothesis that interventions to increase CEC may be useful in cardiac transplant patients for prevention or treatment of CAV.", "neg": "Question: Is prophylactic Plasma Transfusion Before Interventional Radiology Procedures Associated With Reduced Bleeding Complications?\nAnswer: In patients undergoing interventional radiology procedures, preprocedural plasma transfusions given in the setting of elevated INR values were associated with increased periprocedural RBC transfusions. Additional research is needed to clarify this potential association between preprocedural plasma transfusion and periprocedural RBC transfusion.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}78{"query": "Question: Are successional changes in the chicken cecal microbiome during 42 days of growth independent of organic acid feed additives?\nAnswer: Over the 42 d experiment, the cecal bacterial community changed significantly as measured by a variety of ecological metrics and increases in the complexity of co-occurrence networks. Management of poultry to improve animal health, nutrition, or food safety may need to consider the interactive effects of any treatments with the dramatic temporal shifts in the taxonomic composition of the cecal microbiome as described here.", "pos": "Question: Does environment shape the fecal microbiome of invasive carp species?\nAnswer: The environment is a dominant factor shaping the fecal bacterial communities of invasive carps. Captivity alters the microbiome community structure relative to wild fish, while species differences are pronounced within habitats. Despite the absence of a true stomach, invasive carp species exhibited a core microbiota that warrants future study.", "neg": "Question: Does cheating explain selective differences at high and low relatedness in a social amoeba?\nAnswer: These results suggest that social competition and something beyond solitary growth differences occurs during the vegetative stage when amoebae eat bacteria and divide by binary fission. The high degree of repeatability of our results indicates that these effects are strong and points to the importance of new approaches to studying interactions in D. discoideum.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}79{"query": "Question: Does resveratrol enhance palmitate-induced ER stress and apoptosis in cancer cells?\nAnswer: Our results suggest that RSV exerts its cytotoxic role in cancer cells exposed to a saturated FA context primarily by triglyceride accumulation inhibition, probably leading to an intracellular palmitate accumulation that triggers a lipid-mediated cell death. Additionally, this cell death is promoted by ER stress through a CHOP-mediated apoptotic process and may represent a potential anticancer strategy.", "pos": "Question: Does dBD-F induce apoptosis in gastric cancer-derived cells through suppressing HIF2α expression?\nAnswer: From our findings we conclude that DBD-F (i) is cytotoxic to gastric cancer-derived cells and (ii) can induce apoptosis in these cells via the MEK/ERK signaling pathway. In addition, our findings strongly indicate that DBD-F can inhibit HIF2α expression by affecting the phosphorylation status of MEK/ERK in gastric cancer-derived cells.", "neg": "Question: Do anti-oxidants prevent bile acid-induced cell death in rat hepatocytes?\nAnswer: In hepatocytes, bile acid-induced toxicity is not prevented by scavengers of oxidative stress. The beneficial effects observed in patients might be because of the contribution of ROS and cytokines rather than bile acid-mediated oxidative stress. However, the use of specific Src kinase inhibitors might be a useful tool to prevent bile acid-induced injury in liver diseases.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}80{"query": "Question: Is cDK1 and CDK2 activity a strong predictor of renal cell carcinoma recurrence?\nAnswer: CDK1SA of tumors and the CDK2SA are both associated with recurrence and prognosis.", "pos": "Question: Is gSTP1 promoter methylation associated with recurrence in early stage prostate cancer?\nAnswer: Greater GSTP1 promoter methylation in cancer tissue was independently associated with the risk of recurrence in patients with early prostate cancer. This suggests that GSTP1 promoter methylation may be a potential tissue based recurrence marker.", "neg": "Question: Are monitor units predictive of neutron dose for high-energy IMRT?\nAnswer: The predicted increase of second cancer induction rates from intensity-modulated treatment techniques can be overestimated when the neutron dose is simply scaled with monitor units.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}81{"query": "Question: Is torsion of the optic nerve head a prominent feature of normal-tension glaucoma?\nAnswer: Normal-tension glaucoma eyes had a greater ONH torsion compared to POAG eyes with matched axial length. The direction of the ONH tilt and torsion was related to the location of the visual field defect only in NTG eyes.", "pos": "Question: Do alterations of the Lamina Cribrosa Are Associated with Peripapillary Retinoschisis in Glaucoma and Pachychoroid Spectrum Disease?\nAnswer: Enhanced depth imaging OCT of the LC demonstrated alterations associated with peripapillary retinoschisis, pachychoroid spectrum diseases, and glaucoma.", "neg": "Question: Are goldmann applanation tonometry and dynamic contour tonometry correlated with central corneal thickness in primary open angle glaucoma?\nAnswer: In this group of patients with OAG, there was a strong correlation between GAT and DCT measurements of IOP. IOP measured with DCT was consistently higher than IOP measured with GAT. Neither GAT nor DCT measurements were correlated with CCT. This data suggests that factors other than CCT may be involved in the tendency of DCT to produce higher measures of IOP than GAT.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}82{"query": "Question: Is endo first appropriate in some patients with critical limb ischemia because `` bridges are burned ''?\nAnswer: Previous failed EV should be predictive of poor outcome in patients undergoing distal OS for CLI.", "pos": "Question: Is immediate post-traumatic pulmonary embolism associated with right ventricular dysfunction?\nAnswer: Early post-traumatic PE appears to be associated with fewer RV physiologic changes than late post-traumatic PE and may be representative of primary pulmonary thrombosis. It remains to be seen whether early CT findings of PE should be managed according to previously established guidelines for embolic disease.", "neg": "Question: Is previous chronic cerebral infarction predictive for new cerebral ischemia after carotid endarterectomy?\nAnswer: The results of the present study suggest that preoperative chronic cerebral ischemia may aggravate postoperative newly developed cerebral ischemia in patients undergoing CEA.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}83{"query": "Question: Is unrecognized arteriosclerosis associated with wound complications after below-knee amputation?\nAnswer: After formalization of lower extremity amputation for wet gangrene, traditional markers of PAD were not predictive of wound complications. Although formalization of guillotine BKA can safely be performed without significant delay, more thorough assessment of microvascular disease in the perioperative period may be useful in identifying patients at risk for wound failure.", "pos": "Question: Does chronic kidney disease predict long-term mortality after major lower extremity amputation?\nAnswer: Metabolic syndrome is not associated with increased risk of adverse outcomes after lower extremity amputation. However, patients with chronic kidney disease constitute a sub-group of patients at higher risk of postoperative long-term mortality and may be a group to target for intervention.", "neg": "Question: Are outcomes of abdominal wall reconstruction with acellular dermal matrix affected by wound contamination?\nAnswer: Complex abdominal wall reconstructions using ADM demonstrated similar rates of complications between the different CDC wound classifications. This is in contradistinction to published outcomes for abdominal wall reconstruction using synthetic mesh that show progressively higher complication rates with increasing degrees of contamination. These data support the use of ADM rather than synthetic mesh for complex abdominal wall reconstruction in the setting of wound contamination.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}84{"query": "Question: Does hydrogen sulfide reduce inflammation following abdominal aortic occlusion in rats?\nAnswer: Hydrogen sulfide has systemic and renal anti-inflammatory effects in remote IRI following aortic occlusion in rats.", "pos": "Question: Does pentoxifylline associated to hypertonic saline solution attenuate inflammatory process and apoptosis after intestinal ischemia/reperfusion in rats?\nAnswer: The combined use of pentoxifylline and hypertonic saline offers best results on inflammatory and apoptotic inhibitory aspects after intestinal ischemia/reperfusion.", "neg": "Question: Does isoflurane further impair microvascular vasomotion in a rat model of subarachnoid hemorrhage?\nAnswer: In rats, isoflurane does not further impair EDD after SAH and modulates the constrictive response to ET-1. Such an effect of isoflurane would not predispose the SAH-exposed vessels to vasospasm.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}85{"query": "Question: Do seed bank dynamics govern persistence of Brassica hybrids in crop and natural habitats?\nAnswer: Hybrid persistence was found to be highly dependent on the seed bank, suggesting that targeting hybrid seed survival could be an important management option in controlling hybrid persistence. For local risk mitigation, an increased focus on the wild parent is suggested. Management actions, such as control of B. rapa, could indirectly reduce hybrid populations by blocking hybrid replenishment.", "pos": "Question: Do gene expression and genetic analysis reveal diverse causes of recessive self-compatibility in Brassica napus L?\nAnswer: The recessive SC in eight accessions is caused by the loss of function of BnSCR-7 and BnSCR-6 in pollen. Translational repression contributes to the recessive SC in three accessions, whose SRK and SCR genes were expressed normally and had identical CDSs to BrS-29 or BoS-15. SI in 11 F1 hybrids relies on the expression of BnSCR-1300 rather than SRK genes. Other factor(s) independent of the S locus are involved in recessive SC. Therefore, diverse causes underlie recessive SC in B. napus, yielding insight into these complex mechanisms.", "neg": "Question: Is social complexity in bees sufficient to explain lack of reversions to solitary living over long time scales?\nAnswer: We argue that allodapine sociality has been maintained by ecological constraints and the benefits of alloparental care, as opposed to behavioural, genetic or morphological constraints to independent living. Allodapine brood are highly vulnerable to predation because they are progressively reared in an open nest (not in sealed brood cells), which provides potentially large benefits for alloparental care and incentives for reproductives to tolerate potential alloparents. We argue that similar vulnerabilities may also help explain the lack of reversions to solitary living in other taxa with ancient social origins.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}86{"query": "Question: Is actinic keratosis with atypical basal cells ( AK I ) the most common lesion associated with invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the skin?\nAnswer: Direct invasion from proliferating basaloid atypical keratinocytes limited to the epidermal basal layer (AK I), known as the differentiated pathway, was the most common form of progression to cutaneous iSCC in our series. On the other hand, stepwise progression from AK I to AK II and AK III (classic pathway) was seen to be operative in a substantial proportion of iSCC cases. All AK lesions, irrespective of intraepidermal neoplasia thickness, are therefore potentially invasive and tumour advance along adnexal structures might facilitate iSCC development from AK I lesions.", "pos": "Question: Is early increased chemokine expression and production in murine allogeneic skin grafts mediated by natural killer cells?\nAnswer: Early chemokine mRNA expression and protein production in allogeneic skin grafts is amplified by recipient natural killer (NK) cells. These results indicate a novel function for infiltrating NK cells in mediating early increased intra-allograft chemokine production and inflammation during the initiation of acute rejection.", "neg": "Question: Do infants with Kasabach-Merritt syndrome have `` true '' hemangiomas?\nAnswer: KMS is a distinctive disease of infancy, but the underlying vascular lesion is not a \"true,\" classic, involuting type of hemangioma of infancy. This is a different vascular tumor with a resemblance pathologically to either tufted angioma or kaposiform hemangioendothelioma in association with lymphatic-like vessels. Whether the underlying lesion in KMS is a single anatomic entity or heterogeneous cannot be definitely concluded from this study. We need a better understanding of the pathogenesis of KMS to improve our therapeutic management.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}87{"query": "Question: Does high-intensity intermittent exercise increase pulmonary interstitial edema at altitude but not at simulated altitude?\nAnswer: HIIE led to an increase in B-lines at altitude after subacute exposure but not during acute exposure at equivalent simulated altitude. This may indicate pulmonary interstitial edema.", "pos": "Question: Is exercise training bradycardia largely explained by reduced intrinsic heart rate?\nAnswer: We did not find evidence that an increase in parasympathetic tone or a decrease in responsiveness to beta-adrenergic activity accounts for the reduction in resting heart rate with exercise training. We suggest that a decline in heart rate with training is most likely due to decrease in the intrinsic heart rate.", "neg": "Question: Do athletes Condition Inspired Air More Effectively than Nonathletes during Hyperpnea?\nAnswer: This study shows no evidence of improved capacity to condition inspired air in endurance athletes, which could have suggested an increased bronchial blood flow or another adaptive mechanism. The absence of an adaptive mechanism could therefore contribute to airway damage observed in athletes in allowing colder but mainly dryer air to penetrate deeper in the lung.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}88{"query": "Question: Does mild cognitive dysfunction affect diabetes mellitus control in minority elderly adults?\nAnswer: Cognitive dysfunction in the mild range did not seem to affect diabetes mellitus control parameters in this multiethnic cohort of older adults with diabetes mellitus, although it cannot be excluded that cognitive impairment was overcome through assistance from formal or informal caregivers. It is possible that more-severe cognitive dysfunction could affect control.", "pos": "Question: Try ' I to bother the residents too much ' - the use of capillary blood glucose measurements in nursing homes?\nAnswer: Inadequate procedures and training in diabetes care may compromise the rationale for capillary blood glucose measurements in nursing homes, and hence the residents' safety. These concerns should be addressed together with the possibility of involving and empowering residents by exploring their ability and wish to manage their own disease.", "neg": "Question: Is decline in functional capacity unaffected by diet quality alone or in combination with physical activity among generally healthy older adults with T2D from the NuAge cohort?\nAnswer: The absence of effect may be explained by characteristics of this healthy sample of OA with T2D who showed relatively good adherence to dietary recommendations (mean C-HEI=70) and were highly functional shown by minimal, clinically non-significant FC decline over 3 years. More research is needed to confirm the role of DQ in preventing FC decline in a larger diabetic sample showing clinically significant FC decline.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}89{"query": "Question: Are anti-high mobility group box 1 ( anti-HMGB1 ) antibodies related to the occurrence of cutaneous lesions in systemic lupus erythematosus?\nAnswer: Based on the findings of the current study, it is unlikely that anti-HMGB1 antibodies play a role in the development of SLE cutaneous lesions.", "pos": "Question: Are anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies associated with familial Mediterranean fever?\nAnswer: Our results show that anti-CCP antibodies are not associated with FMF.", "neg": "Question: Is squamous papilloma of the urinary tract unrelated to condyloma acuminata?\nAnswer: These data indicate that squamous papilloma is a distinct entity not related to condyloma or verrucous carcinoma. These lesions are benign, HPV DNA negative, DNA diploid, and they lack p53 overaccumulation.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}90{"query": "Question: Does alcohol disrupt levels and function of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator to promote development of pancreatitis?\nAnswer: Based on studies of human, mouse, and guinea pig pancreata, alcohol disrupts expression and localization of the CFTR. This appears to contribute to development of pancreatitis. Strategies to increase CFTR levels or function might be used to treat alcohol-associated pancreatitis.", "pos": "Question: Does cytokine gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells reflect a systemic immune response in alcoholic chronic pancreatitis?\nAnswer: The enhanced gene expression of TNFR-p75, TNFR-p55 and TNF-alpha in unstimulated PBMC demonstrates an enhanced leucocyte activation in patients with late-stage chronic pancreatitis and suggests a pathogenetic role of the cytotoxic TNF-alpha pathway in the clinical features of alcoholic chronic pancreatitis. The pathogenetic role of nitric oxide in chronic pancreatitis remains to be fully elucidated.", "neg": "Question: Does pancreatic growth after pancreatico-biliary diversion increase the capacity to secrete amylase?\nAnswer: PBD evoked hyperplastic changes in the rat pancreas and decreased the concentrations of amylase, trypsin and lipase. However, the capacity of acinar cells to secrete amylase remained intact. The stimulated pancreatic secretion was not changed in volume, but the output of amylase was low in PBD-operated rats. The findings are consistent with the idea that the enlargement of the pancreas following PBD does not improve the secretory capacity.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}91{"query": "Question: Does blood viscosity but not shear stress associate with delayed flow-mediated dilation?\nAnswer: The present study demonstrates that age and blood viscosity but not the magnitude of SS explain the different timing of the dilatory response to ischemia.", "pos": "Question: Does blood transfusion in preterm infants improve intestinal tissue oxygenation without alteration in blood flow?\nAnswer: Pretransfusion baseline splanchnic tissue oximetry and blood flow velocity varied with postnatal age. Blood transfusion improved intestinal tissue oxygenation without altering mesenteric blood flow velocity irrespective of postnatal ages.", "neg": "Question: Does cT-NIHSS mismatch correlate with MRI diffusion-perfusion mismatch?\nAnswer: ASPECTS-NIHSS mismatch did not correlate with MRI diffusion-perfusion mismatch in this clinical cohort. MRI mismatch was associated with decreasing time from stroke onset to scan.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}92{"query": "Question: Does hypercholesterolemia increase the production of leukotriene B4 in neutrophils by enhancing the nuclear localization of 5-lipoxygenase?\nAnswer: Hypercholesterolemia increases LTB4 production in neutrophils by increasing the nuclear localization of 5-LO, which is the result of its phosphorylation by activated ERK1/2.", "pos": "Question: Does notch-1 promote breast cancer cells proliferation by regulating LncRNA GAS5?\nAnswer: Notch-1 promotes breast cancer cells proliferation by regulating LncRNA GAS5.", "neg": "Question: Are serum levels of inhibin B , unlike inhibin A and activin A , altered in women with preeclampsia?\nAnswer: Inhibin A and activin A, but not inhibin B, serum levels are markedly increased in women with preeclampsia. These hormones might serve as an endocrine marker for preeclampsia.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}93{"query": "Question: Do molecular signatures of mood stabilisers highlight the role of the transcription factor REST/NRSF?\nAnswer: Cell line models offer a window of what might happen in vivo but have the benefit of being human derived and homogenous with regard to cell type.", "pos": "Question: Is the transposable element environment of human genes associated with histone and expression changes in cancer?\nAnswer: Taken together, these results suggest that the presence of TEs near genes could favor important variation in gene expression when the cell environment is modified.", "neg": "Question: Is mesenchymal stromal cell phenotype influenced by confluence during culture expansion?\nAnswer: These data demonstrate that MSC characteristics and plasticity can be maintained during culture expansion from bone marrow mononuclear cells to MSCs and that a homogeneous phenotype of undifferentiated MSCs which persists independent of cell density can be used for clinical therapies.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}94{"query": "Question: Does preconditioning of skeletal myoblast-based engineered tissue constructs enable functional coupling to myocardium in vivo?\nAnswer: Although untreated skeletal myoblasts cannot couple to cardiomyocytes, we confirm that mechanical preconditioning enables transplanted skeletal myoblasts to functionally interact with cardiomyocytes in vivo and, thus, reinvigorate the concept of skeletal myoblast-based cardiac cell therapy.", "pos": "Question: Does human cardiac extracellular matrix support myocardial lineage commitment of pluripotent stem cells?\nAnswer: Human cardiac ECM seems to direct differentiation of pluripotent stem cells towards a cardiomyocyte phenotype. This phenomenon supports the use of cardiac ECM preparations for guided stem cell differentiation and myocardial repair, and may ultimately increase the therapeutic efficacy of cell therapy in heart failure patients.", "neg": "Question: Do 5-Azacytidine-treated human mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells derived from umbilical cord , cord blood and bone marrow generate cardiomyocytes in vitro at high frequencies?\nAnswer: Although MSCs may be useful for such clinical applications as bone or cartilage repair, the results presented here indicate that such cells do not generate cardiomyocytes frequently enough for cardiac repair. Their efficacy in heart repair is likely to be due to paracrine mechanisms.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}95{"query": "Question: Does treatment with egg antigens of Schistosoma mansoni ameliorate experimental colitis in mice through a colonic T-cell-dependent mechanism?\nAnswer: Our results demonstrated that the administration of SmSEA reduces the severity of colitis in the adoptive transfer mouse model characterized by an increased Th2 response and a suppressed Th17 response in the colon.", "pos": "Question: Do cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitors ameliorate the severity of experimental colitis in rats?\nAnswer: The effective nimesulide and SC-236-induced amelioration of the severity of the colitis in acetic acid and iodoacetamide-treated rats confirms the role of eicosanoids in their pathogenesis and suggests that COX-2 inhibitors may be of value in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.", "neg": "Question: Does oral tolerance induction resolve gastrointestinal inflammation in a mouse model of food allergy?\nAnswer: Our mouse model would be useful to investigate inflammatory and regulatory mechanisms in food-induced intestinal allergies. Our results suggest potential gastrointestinal inflammation in patients undergoing OIT as continuous administration of allergenic foods, even though the therapy may induce clinical tolerance.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}96{"query": "Question: Is abnormal left ventricular contractile response to exercise in the absence of obstructive coronary artery disease associated with resting left ventricular long-axis dysfunction?\nAnswer: An abnormal LVCRE in the absence of established causes is associated with resting LV long-axis dysfunction and is usually seen in women.", "pos": "Question: Does subclinical left ventricular dysfunction by echocardiographic speckle-tracking strain analysis relate to outcome in sarcoidosis?\nAnswer: LVGLS is impaired in sarcoidosis patients, suggesting subclinical cardiac dysfunction despite the absence of conventional evidence of cardiac disease, and is independently associated with occurrence of cardiac events and/or development of CS.", "neg": "Question: Does restrictive left ventricular filling pattern result from increased left atrial pressure alone?\nAnswer: The restrictive filling pattern is distinguished from overfilling of a normal ventricle by a reduced and delayed E' and a shortened E deceleration time that reflect slow relaxation and increased LV stiffness.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}97{"query": "Question: Is sleep efficiency ( but not sleep duration ) of healthy school-age children associated with grades in math and languages?\nAnswer: Sleep efficiency, but not sleep duration, is associated with academic performance as measured by report-card grades in typically developing school-aged children. The integration of strategies to improve sleep efficiency might represent a successful approach for improving children's readiness and/or performance in math and languages.", "pos": "Question: Do sleep spindle and slow wave frequency reflect motor skill performance in primary school-age children?\nAnswer: Children enhance their accuracy only over an interval with sleep. Unlike previously reported in adults, children enhance their speed independent of sleep, a capacity that may to be lost in adulthood. Individual differences in the dominant frequency of spindles and slow waves were predictive for performance: children performed better if they had less slow spindles, more fast spindles and faster slow waves. On the other hand, overnight enhancement of accuracy was most pronounced in children with more slow spindles and slower slow waves, i.e., the ones with an initial lower performance. Associations of spindle and slow wave characteristics with initial performance may confound interpretation of their involvement in overnight enhancement. Slower frequencies of characteristic sleep events may mark slower learning and immaturity of networks involved in motor skills.", "neg": "Question: Does school-based physical activity compromise children 's academic performance?\nAnswer: The AS! BC model is an attractive and feasible intervention to increase physical activity for students while maintaining levels of academic performance.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}98{"query": "Question: Are vitamin D levels and bone turnover markers related to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in severely obese patients?\nAnswer: Low levels of vitamin D or hyperparathyroidism are common in severely obese patients. Vitamin D and bone metabolism markers were associated neither to NAFLD nor with metabolic syndrome in our series of obese morbid patients.", "pos": "Question: Does obesity Modify the Risk of Differentiated Thyroid Cancer in a Cytological Series of Thyroid Nodules?\nAnswer: The results of this study, in a retrospective series of patients with thyroid nodules, do not confirm previous findings reporting an association between obesity and differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Thus, obese patients with nodular thyroid disease should be managed the same as normal-weight patients.", "neg": "Question: Is serum vitamin D associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Chinese males with normal weight and liver enzymes?\nAnswer: The present study demonstrated that serum 25(OH)D3 levels were inversely associated with NAFLD, even in subjects with normal total body fat, suggesting a potential role of lower levels of vitamin D in the occurrence and development of NAFLD.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}99{"query": "Question: Are outcomes of abdominal wall reconstruction with acellular dermal matrix affected by wound contamination?\nAnswer: Complex abdominal wall reconstructions using ADM demonstrated similar rates of complications between the different CDC wound classifications. This is in contradistinction to published outcomes for abdominal wall reconstruction using synthetic mesh that show progressively higher complication rates with increasing degrees of contamination. These data support the use of ADM rather than synthetic mesh for complex abdominal wall reconstruction in the setting of wound contamination.", "pos": "Question: Do plastic wound protectors affect wound infection rates following laparoscopic-assisted colectomy?\nAnswer: The wound protector, although useful for mechanical retraction of small wounds, does not significantly diminish the rate of wound infection at the bowel resection/anastomotic site. Patients undergoing elective resection for inflammatory processes have higher infection rates than patients undergoing laparoscopic-assisted colectomy for polyps or cancer.", "neg": "Question: Are not all intestinal traumatic injuries the same : a comparison of surgically treated blunt vs. penetrating injuries?\nAnswer: Blunt and penetrating intestinal injury patterns have high injury severity. Significant operative delays occurred in the blunt injury group as well as, anastomotic failures, enteric fistulas, nosocomial infections, and higher cost. These features underscore the complexity of blunt injury patterns and warrant vigilant injury recognition to improve outcomes.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}100{"query": "Question: Does airway pressure release ventilation reduce conducting airway micro-strain in lung injury?\nAnswer: In an injured lung, APRV 75% maintained micro-anatomic gas distribution similar to that of the normal lung. The lung protection demonstrated in previous studies using APRV 75% may be due to a more homogeneous distribution of gas at the micro-anatomic level as well as a reduction in conducting airway micro-strain.", "pos": "Question: Do mitochondrial damage-associated molecular patterns released by abdominal trauma suppress pulmonary immune responses?\nAnswer: Rather than acting as a \"second hit\" to enhance PMN-mediated lung injury, mtDAMPs from trauma and pathogen-associated danger molecules from peritoneal infection diminish PMN accumulation in a contused lung. This may make the lung susceptible to pneumonia. This paradigm provides a novel mechanistic model of the relationship among blunt tissue trauma, systemic inflammation, and pneumonia that can be studied to improve trauma outcomes.", "neg": "Question: Is the risk of nosocomial pneumonia increased during partial liquid ventilation?\nAnswer: This study suggests that different perfluorocarbons affect adhesions differently. Perflubron and FC-77 appear to decrease bacterial adhesion, whereas Rimar does not. Rerflubron does not have a direct bactericidal effect. Furthermore, PLV with perflubron decreased the number of viable bacteria per gram of tissue after an intentional inoculation of the airway, suggesting that the risk of nosocomial pneumonia is unlikely to be increased during PLV and may, in fact, be reduced in patients supported with PLV.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}101{"query": "Question: Do a simplified method of preventing implant hex drive from aspiration or accidental swallowing during stage two implant recovery?\nAnswer: Accidental aspiration or swallowing of the dental instruments during routine implant surgeries can be prevented by tying the implant instruments to the operator's ring with silk ligatures or dental floss.", "pos": "Question: Do a system for context-aware intraoperative augmented reality in dental implant surgery?\nAnswer: The system allowed the surgeon to fully concentrate on the surgery itself. It offered greater flexibility since the surgeon received all relevant information, but was free to deviate from it. Accuracy of the realized implants remains an open issue and part of future work.", "neg": "Question: Is the oral cavity a primary source for implantable pacemaker or cardioverter defibrillator infections?\nAnswer: The frequency of the coincidental detection of bacteria on infected devices and in the oral cavity is low and the detected bacteria are highly abundant colonizers of non-oral human niches.The transmission of oral bacteria to the lead or device of implantable pacemaker or cardioverter defibrillators is unlikely relevant for the pathogenesis of pacemaker or cardioverter defibrillators infections.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}102{"query": "Question: Is late onset spinal motor neuronopathy caused by mutation in CHCHD10?\nAnswer: Mutation c.197G>T p.G66V in CHCHD10 is the cause of the lower motor neuron syndrome LOSMoN/SMAJ. During the preparation of this article other mutations were reported to cause frontotemporal dementia-amyotrophic lateral sclerosis syndrome, indicating that the CHCHD10 gene is largely important for the motor and cognitive neuronal systems.", "pos": "Question: Is a germline missense mutation in COQ6 associated with susceptibility to familial schwannomatosis?\nAnswer: Although the exact oncogenetic mechanisms in this schwannomatosis family remain to be elucidated, our data strongly indicate a probable role of COQ6 mutation and CoQ10 deficiency in the development of familial schwannomatosis.Genet Med 16 10, 787-792.", "neg": "Question: Is thymidine phosphorylase gene mutation a primary cause of mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy ( MNGIE )?\nAnswer: TP gene mutation is not a primary cause of MNGIE, but with a mitochondrial deletion mutation, a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the TP gene may be crucial in the pathogenesis of MNGIE.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}103{"query": "Question: Does low perfusion index affect the difference in glucose level between capillary and venous blood?\nAnswer: In the emergency department, perfusion index value measured by Masimo Radical-7 and capillary blood glucose levels can serve in blood sugar management in critically ill patients.", "pos": "Question: Does induced-hyperglycemia attenuate erythromycin-induced acceleration of hypertonic liquid-phase gastric emptying in type-I diabetic patients?\nAnswer: The erythromycin-induced acceleration on gastric emptying of hypertonic liquids in diabetic patients is related to the plasma glucose level. The induced hyperglycemia reduces the erythromycin-induced acceleration of liquid-phase gastric emptying, decreasing the overall gastric emptying rate. In spite of the inhibitory effect of induced hyperglycemia on the gastric emptying of hypertonic liquids, erythromycin is still able to accelerate the emptying rate and could prove to be a useful prokinetic agent under hyperglycemic conditions.", "neg": "Question: Is [ Blood glucose levels in the first 24 hours of admission a risk factor for mortality in critical care patients ]?\nAnswer: A total of 2,165 of the 2,554 admitted patients during the study period were included (96.5%). Exclusion criteria were absence of plasma glucose determinations. In the bivariate analysis, first and mean glucose blood levels showed significant differences in mortality rates in absolute figures and also when data were classified stratified in three levels (< 60 mg/dl; 60-110 mg/dl or > 110 mg/dl) or in two (normal values 60 to 110 mg/dl and unusual figures < 60 mg/dl or > 110 mg/dl). These significant differences were lost when a logistic model was applied. From the remaining variables, renal function and NEMS showed to be mortality risks factors in this sample.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}104{"query": "Question: Are multiple pathways responsible for anti-inflammatory and cardiovascular activities of Hordeum vulgare L?\nAnswer: These results suggest the likely mechanisms responsible for observed anti-inflammatory and cardiovascular effects of HV in traditional medicine.", "pos": "Question: Do hDAC 1 and 6 modulate cell invasion and migration in clear cell renal cell carcinoma?\nAnswer: Taking together, these results suggest that HDAC1 and HDAC6 may play a role in ccRCC biology and could represent rational therapeutic targets.", "neg": "Question: Does systemic delivery of DNA or siRNA mediated by linear polyethylenimine ( L-PEI ) induce an inflammatory response?\nAnswer: Taken together our data highlight that linear polyethylenimine is a delivery reagent of choice for nucleic acid therapeutics.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}105{"query": "Question: Does [ ITF increase the transcriptional activity of ITF promoter via the JAK-STAT3 signal transduction pathway ]?\nAnswer: ITF increases the transcriptional activity of ITF promoter via the JAK-STAT3 signal transduction pathway.", "pos": "Question: Does gPR39 activate proliferation and differentiation of porcine intramuscular preadipocytes through targeting the PI3K/AKT cell signaling pathway?\nAnswer: It indicated that GPR39 was a transducer of Zn(2+), and enhanced proliferation and differentiation of porcine intramuscular preadipocytes through activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.", "neg": "Question: Does systemic delivery of DNA or siRNA mediated by linear polyethylenimine ( L-PEI ) induce an inflammatory response?\nAnswer: Taken together our data highlight that linear polyethylenimine is a delivery reagent of choice for nucleic acid therapeutics.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}106{"query": "Question: Does clinical evaluation of pazopanib eye drop versus ranibizumab intravitreal injections in subjects with neovascular age-related macular degeneration?\nAnswer: Pazopanib was well tolerated. Daily pazopanib eye drops in neovascular AMD subjects did not result in therapeutic benefit beyond that obtained with ranibizumab alone.", "pos": "Question: Does intravitreal Injection of Normal Saline induce Retinal Degeneration in the C57BL/6J Mouse?\nAnswer: NS is toxic to the C57BL/6J mouse retina and should not be used as a vehicle for intraocular injection. PBS is not toxic to the retina and is a preferred vehicle.", "neg": "Question: Does scatter Photocoagulation Reduce Macular Edema or Treatment Burden in Patients with Retinal Vein Occlusion : The RELATE Trial?\nAnswer: In patients with macular edema resulting from RVO, there was no short-term clinically significant benefit from monthly injections of 2.0-mg versus 0.5-mg ranibizumab injections and no long-term benefit in BCVA, resolution of edema, or number of ranibizumab injections obtained by addition of laser treatment to ranibizumab.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}107{"query": "Question: Does long-term treadmill exercise attenuate tau pathology in P301S tau transgenic mice?\nAnswer: Our results suggest that forced treadmill exercise differently affects the brain and spinal cord of aged P301S tau mice, with greater benefits observed in the spinal cord versus the brain. Our work adds to the growing body of evidence that exercise is beneficial in tauopathy, however these benefits may be more limited at later stages of disease.", "pos": "Question: Is physical performance associated with working memory in older people with mild to severe cognitive impairment?\nAnswer: Physical performance is associated with working memory in older people with cognitive impairment. Future studies should investigate whether physical exercise for increased physical performance can improve cognitive functioning. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov NTR1482.", "neg": "Question: Does increasing intensity during treadmill walking adversely affect walking pattern or quality in newly-ambulating stroke patients : an experimental study?\nAnswer: Walking on a treadmill at increasing intensity did not adversely affect walking pattern or reduce walking quality in newly-ambulating stroke patients. This study adds some support for the inclusion of walking on a treadmill at higher intensities in rehabilitation for newly-ambulating stroke patients.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}108{"query": "Question: Does alpha and beta EEG power reflect L-dopa acute administration in parkinsonian patients?\nAnswer: Assuming that a significant change in EEG power spectrum after L-dopa intake may be related to dopaminergic mechanisms, our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that dopaminergic defective networks are implicated in cortical oscillatory abnormalities at rest in non-demented PD patients.", "pos": "Question: Do dopamine transporters in striatum correlate with deactivation in the default mode network during visuospatial attention?\nAnswer: These findings provide evidence that dopamine transporters modulate neural activity in the DMN and anterior cingulate gyrus during visuospatial attention. Our findings suggest that dopamine modulates attention in part by regulating neuronal activity in posterior parietal cortex including precuneus (region involved in alertness) and cingulate gyrus (region deactivated in proportion to emotional interference). These findings suggest that the beneficial effects of stimulant medications (increase dopamine by blocking DAT) in inattention reflect in part their ability to facilitate the deactivation of the DMN.", "neg": "Question: Is the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus an obligatory trigger site of Parkinson 's disease : a critical analysis of alpha-synuclein staging?\nAnswer: Our results demonstrate a predominant involvement of the SN and NBM in PD but do not support the existence of a medullary induction site of alpha Syn pathology in all PD brains.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}109{"query": "Question: Does subclinical left ventricular dysfunction by echocardiographic speckle-tracking strain analysis relate to outcome in sarcoidosis?\nAnswer: LVGLS is impaired in sarcoidosis patients, suggesting subclinical cardiac dysfunction despite the absence of conventional evidence of cardiac disease, and is independently associated with occurrence of cardiac events and/or development of CS.", "pos": "Question: Is abnormal left ventricular contractile response to exercise in the absence of obstructive coronary artery disease associated with resting left ventricular long-axis dysfunction?\nAnswer: An abnormal LVCRE in the absence of established causes is associated with resting LV long-axis dysfunction and is usually seen in women.", "neg": "Question: Does traditional risk factor assessment capture the extent of cardiovascular risk in systemic lupus erythematosus?\nAnswer: Impaired endothelial function as shown by decreased SAE, and an adverse profile of novel proatherogenic and prothrombotic vascular disease risk factors were prevalent in clinically quiescent SLE. These findings show the vulnerability of patients with SLE for atherosclerosis, and emphasize that assessments based on traditional risk factors alone may be inadequate.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}110{"query": "Question: Are guanine quadruplexes formed by specific regions of human transposable elements?\nAnswer: Conservation of quadruplexes at specific positions of transposable elements implies their importance in their life cycle. The increasing quadruplex presence in evolutionarily young LINE-1 and SVA families makes these elements important contributors toward present genome-wide quadruplex distribution.", "pos": "Question: Is the transposable element environment of human genes associated with histone and expression changes in cancer?\nAnswer: Taken together, these results suggest that the presence of TEs near genes could favor important variation in gene expression when the cell environment is modified.", "neg": "Question: Does the search for DNA homology limit stable homologous pairing promoted by RecA protein?\nAnswer: We conclude that, during the formation of synaptic complexes by RecA, the search for homology is not rate-limiting, and that the iteration frequency of the search is around 10(2)-10(3) s-1. This value agrees well with what has been calculated as the minimum number for such a frequency in genome-wide searches, and limits the possible structures involved in the search for homology to those involving very soft (low energy) interactions. Furthermore, from the order of the reaction at the DNA concentrations found in eukaryotic nuclei, and the rate constant of the overall reaction, we predict that the search for homology is also not the rate-limiting step in the genome-wide searches implicated in meiosis and in gene targeting.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}111{"query": "Question: Is circulating soluble LR11 , a novel marker of smooth muscle cell proliferation , enhanced after coronary stenting in response to vascular injury?\nAnswer: Our study suggested that circulating sLR11 levels may be a potential marker for angiographic late loss in patients after coronary stenting. Further mechanistic studies are expected to know the clinical significance of sLR11 as a novel marker for intimal SMC.", "pos": "Question: Does deletion of LR11 attenuate Hypoxia-Induced Pulmonary Arterial Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation With Medial Thickening in Mice?\nAnswer: LR11 regulated SMC proliferation during the progression of hypoxia-induced medial thickening in mice. The findings obtained from mice, together with those in humans, indicate that sLR11 could serve as a novel biomarker that reflects the pathophysiology of proliferating medial SMC in pulmonary arterial hypertension.", "neg": "Question: Are cXCL4 Plasma Levels Associated with the Extent of Coronary Artery Disease or with Coronary Plaque Morphology?\nAnswer: While CXCL4 may be present and active within the arterial wall, local increase of CXCL4 may not translate into systemically elevated CXCL4 levels. Further studies will have to test whether CXCL4 may still represent a suitable therapeutic target in human atherosclerosis.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}112{"query": "Question: Are de novo donor-specific HLA antibodies associated with early and high-grade bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome and death after lung transplantation?\nAnswer: Taken together, our findings provide evidence that dnDSA is associated with accelerated BOS kinetics and severity, as well as death due to BOS after lung transplantation. In addition, these data support regular monitoring for the development of dnDSA in LTRs and underscore the need for novel strategies to mitigate the increased risk of poor outcomes associated with dnDSA.", "pos": "Question: Do obese patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis have a higher 90-day mortality risk with bilateral lung transplantation?\nAnswer: Our results suggest that obese patients who receive a BLT may be at higher risk of 90-day mortality compared with patients of normal weight. Further study is needed to obtain more detailed information about comorbidities and other risk factors for early death that are not included in the OPTN database.", "neg": "Question: Do cardiac procedures in lung transplant recipients increase mortality in selected patients?\nAnswer: Patients who are otherwise deemed to be good candidates for lung transplantation but are found to have an associated cardiac condition that could adversely affect their candidacy may still be considered for transplantation in selected cases if the cardiac abnormality can be addressed either before or during transplantation.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}113{"query": "Question: Does a systematic review identify valid comorbidity indices derived from administrative health data?\nAnswer: A number of valid comorbidity indices derived from administrative data are available. Selection of an appropriate index should take into account the type of data available, study population, and specific outcome of interest.", "pos": "Question: Are methods for detecting , quantifying , and adjusting for dissemination bias in meta-analysis described?\nAnswer: We present an overview of existing methods to detect, quantify, or adjust for dissemination bias. It remains difficult to advise which method should be used as they are all limited and their validity has rarely been assessed. Therefore, a thorough literature search remains crucial in systematic reviews, and further steps to increase the availability of all research results need to be taken.", "neg": "Question: Is translation of questionnaires measuring health related quality of life standardized : a literature based research study?\nAnswer: This study shows that there seems to be a consensus regarding the translation process (especially for internal validity) although most researchers did not use a translation guide. Moreover, we recommended that clinical researchers should consider three steps covering the process of translation, the qualitative validation as well as the quantitative validation.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}114{"query": "Question: Do comparative metabolomics in vegans and omnivores reveal constraints on diet-dependent gut microbiota metabolite production?\nAnswer: Evidently, residence in globally distinct societies helps determine the composition of the gut microbiota that, in turn, influences the production of diet-dependent gut microbial metabolites.", "pos": "Question: Does environment shape the fecal microbiome of invasive carp species?\nAnswer: The environment is a dominant factor shaping the fecal bacterial communities of invasive carps. Captivity alters the microbiome community structure relative to wild fish, while species differences are pronounced within habitats. Despite the absence of a true stomach, invasive carp species exhibited a core microbiota that warrants future study.", "neg": "Question: Do fungal gene expression levels display a common mode of distribution?\nAnswer: Fungal gene expression patterns cannot generally be described by a single type of distribution (bimodal or Zipf's law). One hypothesis to explain this finding might be that gene expression in fungi is highly dynamic, and fine-tuned at the level of transcription not only for individual genes, but also at a global level.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}115{"query": "Question: Is disruption of SOX6 associated with a rapid-onset dopa-responsive movement disorder , delayed development , and dysmorphic features?\nAnswer: This is the first report of a dopa-responsive movement disorder associated with SOX6 disruption. SOX6 mutations should be considered in the differential diagnosis of unexplained dopa-responsive dystonia syndromes.", "pos": "Question: Is a gain-of-function mutation in the cardiac pacemaker HCN4 channel increasing cAMP sensitivity associated with familial Inappropriate Sinus Tachycardia?\nAnswer: This is the first report of a gain-of-function HCN4 mutation associated with IST through increased sensitivity to cAMP-dependent activation.", "neg": "Question: Does kIT D816V mutation burden correlate to clinical manifestations of indolent systemic mastocytosis?\nAnswer: To our knowledge, this is the first report on the clinical impact of the fraction of KIT D816V mutation positive cells in ISM, which in the present study does not seem to correlate with clinical manifestations of the disease.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}116{"query": "Question: Does capsular closure affect development of heterotopic ossification after hip arthroscopy?\nAnswer: Capsular closure did not seem to alter the rate of HO when compared with a control group of patients in whom the capsulotomy was not repaired.", "pos": "Question: Does surgical time of day affect outcome following hip fracture fixation?\nAnswer: Surgical time of day did not affect 30-day mortality or total number of complications. Age, ASA score, and CCI were associated with adverse outcomes.", "neg": "Question: Does humeral windows and longitudinal split for component removal in revision shoulder arthroplasty?\nAnswer: In both groups, there were no cases of malunion or clinical loosening. These data suggest that windows and longitudinal splits facilitate controlled removal of well-fixed components with high rate of union and low rate of intraoperative or postoperative sequelae.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}117{"query": "Question: Do smoking and unstable hinge fractures cause delayed gap filling irrespective of early weight bearing after open wedge osteotomy?\nAnswer: This study shows that osteotomy gap filling after open wedge HTO is delayed in smokers and in patients in whom opening of the gap resulted in unstable lateral hinge fractures. Early full weight bearing did not have a significant effect on the gap filling rate.", "pos": "Question: Is callus formation related to the expression ratios of estrogen receptors-alpha and -beta in ovariectomy-induced osteoporotic fracture healing?\nAnswer: We conclude that the delayed healing rate and impaired callus quality in OVX-induced osteoporotic fracture is related to the delayed expression of ERs. A high ER-α:ER-β ratio favors callus formation.", "neg": "Question: Is progressive increase in body mass index associated with a progressive increase in joint space narrowing in obese women with osteoarthritis of the knee?\nAnswer: In obese patients with OA, progressively higher BMI values were not accompanied by a progressively increasing rate of JSN. Joint loading was not evaluated, but it is possible that marked obesity limited the functional capacity of some subjects with OA, protecting their knees from loading. For investigators considering eligibility criteria for a trial of a structure-modifying OA drug, these data suggest that recruitment of patients with a BMI much higher than 30 kg/m(2) will not enrich the sample of subjects who will have more rapid JSN than those with a BMI of only 30 kg/m(2).", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}118{"query": "Question: Is topical clobetasol in conjunction with topical tretinoin effective in preventing scar formation after superficial partial-thickness burn ulcers of the skin : A retrospective study?\nAnswer: Clobetasol + tretinoin can significantly decrease the incidence of scar formation in patients with inflammation after re-epithelialization of superficial wounds.", "pos": "Question: Do efficacy of newly formulated ointment containing 20 % active antimicrobial honey in treatment of burn wound infections?\nAnswer: Newly formulated ointment containing 20% active antimicrobial honey is more effective and low-cost alternative preparation for the treatment of burn wound infections.", "neg": "Question: Does immediately preoperative use of biological therapy influence liver regeneration after large resection -- porcine experimental model with monoclonal antibody against epidermal growth factor?\nAnswer: The achieved results of comparable liver regeneration in both the experimental and control groups confirms the use of biological treatment with cetuximab in the pre-operative period for minimizing the recovery period.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}119{"query": "Question: Does the rate of hypo-osmotic challenge influence regulatory volume decrease ( RVD ) and mechanical properties of articular chondrocytes?\nAnswer: Sudden hypo-osmotic challenge increases chondrocyte mechanics by activation of RVD and interaction with the actin cytoskeleton. Moreover, the rate of hypo-osmotic challenge is shown to have a profound effect on chondrocyte morphology and biomechanics. This important phenomenon needs to be considered when studying the response of chondrocytes to pathological hypo-osmotic stress.", "pos": "Question: Does valve interstitial cell tensional homeostasis direct calcification and extracellular matrix remodeling processes via RhoA signaling?\nAnswer: Interstitial cell contractility mediates internal stress state and organization of the aortic valve extracellular matrix. Osteogenesis disrupts interstitial cell mechanical phenotype and drives disorganization, nodule formation, and pro-calcific signaling via a RhoA-dependent mechanism.", "neg": "Question: Is nitric oxide-dependent renal vasodilatation altered in rat with rHuEpo-induced hypertension?\nAnswer: The analysis of our results seems to indicate that the endogenous NO system activity was enhanced in rHuEpo-induced hypertension in rats with normal renal function and a resistance to NO was not developed in renal circulation. Further studies seem to be necessary to better clarify the exact mechanisms underlying the development of rHuEpo-induced hypertension.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}120{"query": "Question: Does liver-specific deletion of augmenter of liver regeneration accelerate development of steatohepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma in mice?\nAnswer: We developed mice with liver-specific deletion of ALR, and showed that it is required for mitochondrial function and lipid homeostasis in the liver. ALR-L-KO mice provide a useful model for investigating the pathogenesis of steatohepatitis and its complications.", "pos": "Question: Does hyperhomocysteinemia independently cause and promotes atherosclerosis in LDL receptor-deficient mice?\nAnswer: Homocysteinemia accelerates atherosclerotic lesions and induces early atherosclerosis independently in LDLr(-/-) mice. Reducing the level of homocysteinemia may be beneficial for prevention and treatment of CHD.", "neg": "Question: Is haploinsufficiency the key mechanism of pathogenesis in a heterozygous Elovl4 knockout mouse model of STGD3 disease?\nAnswer: The detailed characterization of this animal model provides the first in vivo evidence that Elovl4 haploinsufficiency is not the underlying key disease mechanism in STGD3. The results are consistent with a dominant negative mechanism for the deletion mutation. The Elovl4 knockout mouse is one of three complementary animal models that will help elucidate the disease mechanism.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}121{"query": "Question: Does transcriptome analysis of proton pump inhibitor-responsive esophageal eosinophilia reveal proton pump inhibitor-reversible allergic inflammation?\nAnswer: These findings provide definitive evidence that PPI-REE is a disease entity with significant molecular overlap with EoE, suggesting that many patients with PPI-REE represent a continuum of the same pathogenic allergic mechanisms that underlie EoE and thus might constitute a subphenotype of patients with EoE. The ability of PPI therapy to nearly entirely reverse gene expression associated with PPI-REE, particularly that associated with classic features of allergic inflammation, provides new insight into potential disease etiology and management strategies for patients with significant esophageal eosinophilia.", "pos": "Question: Is early polysensitization associated with allergic multimorbidity in PARIS birth cohort infants?\nAnswer: This study highlights, as early as 18 months of age, three profiles of increasing severity with regard to allergic sensitization and diseases. These profiles also differ in terms of allergic morbidity at 6 years. Early sensitization can predict allergic multimorbidity in childhood, and in the case of early polysensitization, multimorbidity is more frequent as soon as infancy.", "neg": "Question: Is polymorphism of Interleukin-6 associated with the presence or absence of high HPV E6/E7?\nAnswer: Genotypic analysis showed a striking similarity of IL6 polymorphisms in both cases and controls. The allelic distribution in cases and controls for G and C of IL6 were very similar (p=0.186), which could point to similar IL6 functionality for both groups.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}122{"query": "Question: Is a high normal thyroid-stimulating hormone associated with arterial stiffness , central systolic blood pressure , and 24-hour systolic blood pressure in males with treatment-naïve hypertension and euthyroid?\nAnswer: Treatment-naïve hypertensive males with high normal TSH and euthyroid showed higher arterial stiffness, central SBP, SVR, and SBP in ABPM and lower cardiac output and PP amplification as compared to the the low normal TSH group, but not females.", "pos": "Question: Is elevated estimated arterial age associated with metabolic syndrome and low-grade inflammation?\nAnswer: Elevated eAA was associated with male sex, higher plasma glucose, and soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor and known CVD independently of age, SBP, and heart rate.", "neg": "Question: Does acute administration of conjugated equine oestrogen improve exercise-induced myocardial ischaemia in men with coronary artery disease?\nAnswer: Acute parenteral oestrogen therapy did not increase total exercise time or time to the onset of electrocardiographic changes of ischaemia in men with chronic stable coronary artery disease. These findings contrast the favourable effects of oestrogen in women in comparable studies and indicate a sex specificity for the acute cardiovascular effects of oestrogen.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}123{"query": "Question: Does rotenone impair autophagic flux and lysosomal functions in Parkinson 's disease?\nAnswer: These studies indicate that the lysosomal dysfunction contributes to rotenone's neurotoxicity and restoration of lysosomal function could be a new therapeutic strategy for Parkinson's disease.", "pos": "Question: Do glutaminase-containing microvesicles from HIV-1-infected macrophages and immune-activated microglia induce neurotoxicity?\nAnswer: These findings support MVs as a potential pathway/mechanism of excessive glutamate generation and neurotoxicity in HAND and therefore MVs may serve as a novel therapeutic target.", "neg": "Question: Is the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus an obligatory trigger site of Parkinson 's disease : a critical analysis of alpha-synuclein staging?\nAnswer: Our results demonstrate a predominant involvement of the SN and NBM in PD but do not support the existence of a medullary induction site of alpha Syn pathology in all PD brains.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}124{"query": "Question: Is interleukin-6 associated with obesity , central fat distribution , and disease severity in patients with acute pancreatitis?\nAnswer: IL-6 is a good marker for AP severity and is associated with obesity and central fat distribution in AP patients.", "pos": "Question: Do increased interleukin-23/17 axis and C-reactive protein are associated with severity of acute pancreatitis in patients?\nAnswer: The serum levels of IL-17, IL-23, and CRP are correlated with the severity of AP and represent valuable prognostic factors in the assessment of disease severity of patients with AP.", "neg": "Question: Is work-related physical activity associated with body mass index and obesity?\nAnswer: These results raise questions about the association between WRPA and obesity and suggest the need to reexamine models of the obesity epidemic that point to automation of the workplace as one of the major explanatory factors.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}125{"query": "Question: Is platelet activation associated with myocardial infarction in patients with pneumonia?\nAnswer: MI is an early complication of pneumonia and is associated with in vivo platelet activation and serum TxB2 overproduction; aspirin 100 mg/day seems insufficient to inhibit thromboxane biosynthesis. (MACCE in Hospitalized Patients With Community-acquired Pneumonia; NCT01773863).", "pos": "Question: Is miR-103a targeting Piezo1 involved in acute myocardial infarction through regulating endothelium function?\nAnswer: MiR-103a might be a potential biomarker of myocardium infarction and could be used as an index for the diagnosis of AMI. It may be involved in the development of high blood pressure and onset of AMI through regulating the Piezo1 expression.", "neg": "Question: Are platelet monocyte aggregates and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 inhibited by aspirin in critical limb ischaemia?\nAnswer: Despite aspirin treatment CLI patients have higher platelet activation and MCP-1 expression than controls and claudicants. With increasing severity of disease aspirin is unable to suppress markers of platelet activation and pro-atherosclerotic chemokine expression which may represent another form of aspirin resistance.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}126{"query": "Question: Is fasting serum dipeptidyl peptidase-4 activity independently associated with alanine aminotransferase in type 1 diabetic patients?\nAnswer: Fasting serum DPP4 activity might be associated with hepatic IR in T1DM patients and a part of soluble DPP4 activity might be of a hepatic origin. Further study investigation is warranted to elucidate this topic.", "pos": "Question: Are decreased plasma levels of select very long chain ceramide species associated with the development of nephropathy in type 1 diabetes?\nAnswer: These studies demonstrate, prospectively, that decreased plasma levels of select ceramide species are associated with the development of macroalbuminuria in type 1 diabetes.", "neg": "Question: Is elevated alanine aminotransferase activity associated with dyslipidemias , but related to insulin resistance and higher disease grades in non-diabetic non-alcoholic fatty liver disease?\nAnswer: This study shows that the associations of increased ALT serum levels in NAFLD patients are different from what are supposed before. By excluding diabetic patients from our population, we find that increased ALT levels are not associated with dyslipidemias but are independently associated with insulin resistance and NAFLD grading on ultrasonographic evaluations. Further studies are needed to confirm our results.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}127{"query": "Question: Is initial combination therapy with metformin , pioglitazone and exenatide more effective than sequential add-on therapy in subjects with new-onset diabetes . Results from the Efficacy and Durability of Initial Combination Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes ( EDICT ) : a randomized trial?\nAnswer: The results of this exploratory study show that combination therapy with metformin/pioglitazone/exenatide in patients with newly diagnosed T2DM is more effective and results in fewer hypoglycaemic events than sequential add-on therapy with metformin, sulfonylurea and then basal insulin.", "pos": "Question: Are new users of metformin at low risk of incident cancer : a cohort study among people with type 2 diabetes?\nAnswer: These results suggest that metformin use may be associated with a reduced risk of cancer. A randomized trial is needed to assess whether metformin is protective in a population at high risk for cancer.", "neg": "Question: Does pioglitazone enhance the effectiveness of lifestyle modification in preventing conversion of impaired glucose tolerance to diabetes in Asian Indians : results of the Indian Diabetes Prevention Programme-2 ( IDPP-2 )?\nAnswer: Despite good adherence to lifestyle modification and drug therapy, no additional effect of pioglitazone was seen above that achieved with placebo. The effectiveness of the intervention in both groups was comparable with that of lifestyle modification alone, as reported from the Indian Diabetes Prevention Programme-1. The results are at variance with studies that showed significant relative risk reduction in conversion to diabetes with pioglitazone in Americans with IGT. An ethnicity-related difference in the action of pioglitazone in non-diabetic participants may be one explanation.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}128{"query": "Question: Does diet-induced obesity prevent the development of acute traumatic coagulopathy?\nAnswer: Obesity prevents the development of ATC following hemorrhage shock. Complications associated with obesity following hemorrhagic shock may be attributed to the preserved hypercoagulable state.", "pos": "Question: Does obesity increase risk of anticoagulation reversal failure with prothrombin complex concentrate in those with intracranial hemorrhage?\nAnswer: Obesity and elevated initial INR are independently associated with anticoagulation reversal failure using the weight-based PCC protocol in patients with warfarin-related acute ICH. Further studies are needed to determine more effective dosing protocols and individualized strategies for anticoagulation reversal after acute ICH, especially among obese patients.", "neg": "Question: Does baseline body mass index significantly affect outcomes after pulmonary thromboendarterectomy?\nAnswer: Pulmonary thromboendarterectomy outcomes have continued to improve, and this surgery can safely be completed in obese patients, previously deemed to be at high risk for poor outcomes.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}129{"query": "Question: Do endothelial progenitor cells induce transplant arteriosclerosis via VEGFR-1/2 activity?\nAnswer: Vandetanib treatment can reduce arteriosclerosis induced by abdominal aorta transplantation by blocking VEGFRs in EPCs.", "pos": "Question: Does ring annuloplasty prevent delayed leaflet coaptation and mitral regurgitation during acute left ventricular ischemia?\nAnswer: Mitral annular area reduction and fixation with an annuloplasty ring eliminated delayed leaflet coaptation and prevented mitral regurgitation during acute left ventricular ischemia after ring implantation.", "neg": "Question: Impairs anterior chordal transection only regional left ventricular function but also regional right ventricular function in mitral regurgitation?\nAnswer: Anterior chordal transection during MV replacement for MR impairs not only regional LV function but also regional RV function.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}130{"query": "Question: Are elevated beta2-glycoprotein I-low-density lipoprotein levels associated with the presence of diabetic microvascular complications?\nAnswer: Elevated serum β2-GPI-LDL levels may be a serological hallmark of enhanced LDL oxidation in vivo and closely associated with the presence of diabetic microvascular complications.", "pos": "Question: Is mean platelet volume associated with glycaemic control and retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus?\nAnswer: This study has shown that an increased MPV is closely associated with poor glycaemic control, which may be a risk factor for diabetic retinopathy. Nonetheless, further prospective studies are needed to assess the relationship between MPV, glycaemic indices and microvascular complications.", "neg": "Question: Is serum gamma-glutamyltransferase associated with subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes?\nAnswer: Serum GGT levels were significantly associated with obesity, atherogenic dyslipidaemia, and metabolic syndrome, but not with the early and late stages of atherosclerotic vascular changes, in patients with type 2 diabetes. Serum GGT level may not be a reliable marker of subclinical atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetes.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}131{"query": "Question: Is bone marrow from blotchy mice dispensable to regulate blood copper and aortic pathologies but required for inflammatory mediator production in LDLR-deficient mice during chronic angiotensin II infusion?\nAnswer: Overall, our study indicated that the effect of bone marrow from blotchy mice during adulthood is dispensable in the regulation of blood copper, plasma cholesterol and phospholipids levels, and aortic pathologies, but contributes to a reduction of MIP-1β, MCP-1, MCP-3, MCP-5, TIMP-1, and VEGF-A production and triglycerides concentration in plasma. Our study also hints that bone marrow transplantation cannot serve as an independent treatment option.", "pos": "Question: Does low-dose vasopressin infusion result in increased mortality and cardiac dysfunction following ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice?\nAnswer: Arginine vasopressin infusion significantly depressed the myocardial function in an ischemia/reperfusion model and increased mortality in comparison with both saline and dobutamine treated animals. The use of vasopressin may be contraindicated in non-vasodilatory shock states associated with significant cardiac injury.", "neg": "Question: Does myeloid interferon-γ receptor deficiency affect atherosclerosis in LDLR ( -/- ) mice?\nAnswer: Overall, our data argue against a role for myeloid IFNγR2 in atherosclerosis development. Since myeloid IFNγ signaling seems to be nonessential throughout atherogenesis, it is important to understand the mechanisms by which IFNγ acts in atherogenesis. In the future new studies should be performed considering other cell-specific targets.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}132{"query": "Question: Are maternal salivary cortisol levels during pregnancy positively associated with overweight children?\nAnswer: Our findings suggest a relatively consistent association between pregnancy cortisol levels and overweight offspring, especially in the second trimester.", "pos": "Question: Is gut colonization with methanobrevibacter smithii associated with childhood weight development?\nAnswer: Presence and higher counts of M. smithii in the gut of children are associated with higher weight z-scores, higher BMI z-scores, and overweight.", "neg": "Question: Is retinol-binding protein-4 strongly associated with insulin sensitivity in normal pregnancies?\nAnswer: The increased fat mass and insulin resistance during normal pregnancy was best explained by measures of fat mass. However, the increase in RBP4 from early to late pregnancy, associated with a decline in insulin sensitivity, potentially indicates interactions with glucose metabolism.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}133{"query": "Question: Is less advanced disease at initiation of salvage androgen deprivation therapy associated with decreased mortality following biochemical failure post-salvage radiation therapy?\nAnswer: Less advanced disease at initiation of SADT is associated with decreased PCSM and OM following BF post-SRT; however, observation may be reasonable for patients with very long PSADTs. A PSADT <3 months prior to SADT initiation significantly predicts an increased risk of PCSM and OM in this patient demographic.", "pos": "Question: Is prostate-specific antigen doubling time subsequent to radical prostatectomy a predictor of outcome following salvage external beam radiation therapy : a single-centre experience?\nAnswer: Salvage EBRT provides effective long-term BFR and metastatic-free survival in a selected group of patients with detectable, rising prostate-specific antigen values following radical prostatectomy. SVI and PSADT are prognostic variables for a non-durable response to salvage EBRT and thus predictors of high-risk prostate cancer in patients in whom neoadjuvant and adjuvant androgen deprivation therapy should be considered.", "neg": "Question: Is preoperative radiation for retroperitoneal sarcoma associated with increased early postoperative morbidity?\nAnswer: In a national cohort of RPS patients, PR is infrequently utilized. Despite the increased prevalence of multiple risk factors, PR patients do not have an increased 30-day postoperative M + M.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}134{"query": "Question: Is low postoperative platelet count associated with negative outcome after liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma?\nAnswer: Postoperative low platelet counts are associated with poor outcome after hepatic resection for hepatocellular carcinoma.", "pos": "Question: Is [ Low expression of SLC22A1 associated with a poor prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma : analysis of 303 patients ]?\nAnswer: Down-regulation of SLC22A1 is a malignant feature and a potential prognostic marker of HCC.", "neg": "Question: Does cutaneous exposure to hypoxia affect skin perfusion in humans?\nAnswer: Reductions in skin-surface PO", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}135{"query": "Question: Does early menarche increase the risk of Type 2 diabetes in young and middle-aged Korean women?\nAnswer: Early menarche increased the risk of Type 2 diabetes in young and middle-aged Korean women although adulthood adiposity attenuated the relationship. Knowledge of age at menarche is important in identifying women at risk for diabetes.", "pos": "Question: Do combined effects of obesity and type 2 diabetes contribute to increased breast cancer risk in premenopausal women?\nAnswer: Obesity and type 2 diabetes, owing to their effects on adipocytokines and inflammatory mediators, contribute to increased breast cancer risk in premenopausal women. This study emphasizes healthy life style and better management of these metabolic disorders to avoid the pathogenesis of breast cancer and of other chronic diseases.", "neg": "Question: Does a 12-week exercise program performed during the second trimester prevent gestational diabetes in healthy pregnant women?\nAnswer: A 12-week exercise program undertaken during the second trimester of pregnancy did not reduce the prevalence of gestational diabetes in pregnant women with BMI in the normal range.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}136{"query": "Question: Does twenty-four hour in-hospital congenital cardiac surgical coverage improve perioperative ECMO support outcomes?\nAnswer: The presence of 24-CCSC significantly decreased the rate of mortality in children supported with ECMO after undergoing cardiac surgery, as well as cardiac arrhythmias and pulmonary complications for perioperative CHS patients receiving ECMO support. This study demonstrates that CHS programs would benefit from 24-CCSC in the care of this critically ill patient population.", "pos": "Question: Does cholesterol efflux capacity of high-density lipoprotein correlate with survival and allograft vasculopathy in cardiac transplant recipients?\nAnswer: Reduced CEC is associated with disease progression and mortality in CAV patients. These findings suggest the hypothesis that interventions to increase CEC may be useful in cardiac transplant patients for prevention or treatment of CAV.", "neg": "Question: Does cardiac arrest affect survival in post-operative cardiovascular surgery patients undergoing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation?\nAnswer: Cardiac arrest did not affect short-tem and long-term mortality in a large cohort of patients with therapy refractory cardiogenic shock undergoing ECMO support following CV surgery. Our results suggest that the decision to initiate ECMO support in this specific patient population should not be influenced by the occurrence of cardiac arrest.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}137{"query": "Question: Does early primary repair of tetralogy of Fallot lead to increased postoperative resource utilization?\nAnswer: Extracardiac anomalies, prematurity, low birth weight, and nonelective surgical intervention are predictors of increased morbidity and increased hospital resource utilization and impose a significant cost burden to the care of these patients. Early primary repair of tetralogy of Fallot can be safely performed without any increase in morbidity or increased hospital resource utilization.", "pos": "Question: Is upper extremity access for fenestrated endovascular aortic aneurysm repair associated with increased morbidity?\nAnswer: Upper extremity access appears to be a safe and feasible approach for patients undergoing FEVAR. Open exposure in the upper extremity may be safer than percutaneous access during FEVAR. Unlike chimney and snorkel grafts, upper extremity access during FEVAR is not associated with an increased risk of stroke, despite the need for multiple visceral vessel stenting.", "neg": "Question: Does early tracheostomy in trauma patients save time and money?\nAnswer: In the current era of increased health-care costs, early tracheostomy significantly decreased both pulmonary morbidity and critical care resource utilization. This translates to an appreciable cost savings, at minimum $52,173 per patient and a potential total savings of $2.8million/year for the entire LT cohort. For trauma patients requiring prolonged ventilator support, early tracheostomy should be performed.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}138{"query": "Question: Are aggregate National Early Warning Score ( NEWS ) values more important than high scores for a single vital signs parameter for discriminating the risk of adverse outcomes?\nAnswer: The recommended NEWS escalation protocol produces additional work for the bedside nurse and responding doctor, disproportionate to a modest benefit in increased detection of adverse outcomes. It may have significant ramifications for efficient staff resource allocation, distort patient safety focus and risk alarm fatigue. Our findings suggest that the RCPL escalation guidance warrants review.", "pos": "Question: Does comparison of not for resuscitation ( NFR ) form across five Victorian health services?\nAnswer: NFR forms should be reviewed and standardised so as to be clear, uniform and consistent with the legislative framework. We propose a two-stage process of documentation. Stage 1 facilitates discussion of patient-specific goals of care and consideration of limitations of treatment. Stage 2 serves to communicate a NFR order. Decisions to withhold resuscitation are inherently complex but could be aided by separating the decision-making process from the communication of the decision, resulting in improved end-of-life care.", "neg": "Question: Are early warning scores generated in developed healthcare settings sufficient at predicting early mortality in Blantyre , Malawi : a prospective cohort study?\nAnswer: Using an EWS generated in developed healthcare systems in resource limited settings results in loss of sensitivity and specificity. A score based on predictors of mortality specific to the Malawian population showed enhanced accuracy but not enough to warrant clinical use. Despite an assumption of common physiological responses, disease and population differences seem to strongly determine the performance of EWS. Local validation and impact assessment of these scores should precede their adoption in resource limited settings.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}139{"query": "Question: Are plant communities on infertile soils less sensitive to climate change?\nAnswer: Based on the current balance of evidence, plant communities on infertile serpentine soils are less sensitive to changes in the climatic water balance than communities on more fertile soils. However, this advantage may in some cases be lessened by their sparser overstorey cover.", "pos": "Question: Does the presence of a below-ground neighbour alter within-plant seed size distribution in Phaseolus vulgaris?\nAnswer: Below-ground neighbour presence affects within-plant seed size distribution in P. vulgaris. This effect appears to be non-resource-mediated, i.e. to be independent of neighbour-induced effects on resource availability. It implies that, based on current environmental cues, plants can make an anticipatory adjustment of their investment strategy in offspring as an adaptation to the local environment in the future.", "neg": "Question: Is apomixis prevalent in subnival to nival plants of the European Alps?\nAnswer: The occurrence of apomixis is not correlated to high altitudes, and cannot be readily explained by selective forces due to environmental conditions. The investigated species have probably other adaptations to high altitudes to maintain reproductive assurance via sexuality. We hypothesize that shifts to apomixis are rather connected to frequencies of polyploidization than to ecological conditions.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}140{"query": "Question: Does licochalcone-A sensitize human esophageal carcinoma cells to TRAIL-mediated apoptosis by proteasomal degradation of XIAP?\nAnswer: The combination of TRAIL and LA might be a novel therapeutic strategy for esophageal carcinoma patients who fail to respond to standard chemotherapy.", "pos": "Question: Does pI3K and Bcl-2 inhibition prime glioblastoma cells to apoptosis through downregulation of Mcl-1 and Phospho-BAD?\nAnswer: Combination therapy with ABT-263 and GDC-0941 has novel therapeutic potential by specifically targeting aberrantly active, deregulated pathways in GBM, overcoming endogenous resistance to apoptosis.", "neg": "Question: Does neo/adjuvant chemotherapy improve outcome in resected primary synovial sarcoma : a study of the French Sarcoma Group?\nAnswer: As for other high-grade soft-tissue sarcomas, well-planned wide surgical excision with adjuvant radiotherapy remains the cornerstone of treatment for SS. Neo-adjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy should not be delivered outside a clinical trial setting.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}141{"query": "Question: Is intranodal cytokeratin particles a predictive marker of efficacy for neoadjuvant therapies in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus?\nAnswer: Our findings suggest that HCP might reflect a degenerative change of cancer cells in lymph nodes and can predict the response to neoadjuvant therapy.", "pos": "Question: Does tissue factor predict response to chemotherapy in esophageal cancer?\nAnswer: TF expression levels in pretreatment biopsy samples are useful for predicting response to NACT in advanced esophageal cancer. Further studies of mechanisms underlying the relationship between TF expression and chemosensitivity are needed.", "neg": "Question: Are p16INK4A gene alterations a prognostic indicator for survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing curative hepatectomy?\nAnswer: p16INK4A is altered frequently and early in HCC, being the predominant mechanism of inactivation promoter hypermethylation. The present results suggest that the p16INK4A gene plays an important role in the pathogenesis of HCC.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}142{"query": "Question: Does iNKT/CD1d-antitumor immunotherapy significantly increase the efficacy of therapeutic CpG/peptide-based cancer vaccine?\nAnswer: Altogether, our study in mice demonstrates that αGC/CD1d-antitumor fusion protein greatly increases the efficacy of a therapeutic CpG-based cancer vaccine, first as an adjuvant during T cell priming and second, as a therapeutic agent to redirect immune responses to the tumor site.", "pos": "Question: Is treatment of established tumor associated with ICAM-1 upregulation and reversed by CD8 depletion in a tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene transfected mouse mammary tumor?\nAnswer: Highly significant in vivo tumor growth inhibition and immune protection after injection with TNF-alpha-transfected tumors appears to be mediated predominantly by CD8+ T cells and ICAM-1 upregulation. These findings suggest that TNF-alpha increases recruitment and adhesion of effector T cells.", "neg": "Question: Do altered intracellular sorting signals influence the efficacy of genetic melanoma vaccines incorporating helper determinants in mice?\nAnswer: Altered intracellular sorting signals do not significantly influence the efficacy of genetic melanoma vaccines incorporating helper determinants in our model system. These results further support the concept that linkage of immunogenic helper sequences can be successfully applied for antigen-specific immunotherapy of melanoma and provide a scientific basis for the translation of this strategy in future clinical applications.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}143{"query": "Question: Is pseudomonas aeruginosa in CF and non-CF homes found predominantly in drains?\nAnswer: These findings implicate drains as important potential sources of P. aeruginosa infection. They suggest that maximizing P. aeruginosa control efforts for drains would reduce exposure with minimal extra burden to CF patients and families.", "pos": "Question: Do pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical and environmental isolates constitute a single population with high phenotypic diversity?\nAnswer: Contrary to what has been described for other bacteria we have found that the P. aeruginosa core genome is constituted by a high proportion of genes and that its pan-genome is thus relatively small. Considering the high degree of genomic conservation between isolates of P. aeruginosa from diverse environments, including human tissues, some implications for the treatment of infections are discussed. This work also represents a methodological contribution for the genomic study of P. aeruginosa, since we provide a database of the comparison of all the proteins encoded by the seventeen strains analyzed.", "neg": "Question: Is pFAPA syndrome a sporadic disease?\nAnswer: These data show that a significant percentage of PFAPA patients present a positive FH of recurrent fever and PFAPA. This familial susceptibility suggests a potential genetic origin for this syndrome.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}144{"query": "Question: Is increased expression of pleiotrophin a prognostic marker for patients with gastric cancer?\nAnswer: These findings indicated that the expression of PTN is significantly correlated with prognosis in gastric cancer patients, suggesting that the expression of PTN may be used as an independent prognostic marker.", "pos": "Question: Does high expression of stathmin protein predict a fulminant course in medulloblastoma?\nAnswer: High stathmin expression correlates with tumor dissemination, is an important prognostic factor of medulloblastoma, and may serve as a useful marker for more intensive adjuvant therapies.", "neg": "Question: Is serum carbohydrate antigen 125 an independent prognostic factor in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia?\nAnswer: The results support a high CA-125 level correlates significantly with many clinical features of advanced stage, poor prognostic factors, and worse TFS and OS. However, CA-125 is not an independent prognostic factor in patients with CLL.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}145{"query": "Question: Does the CC-genotype of the cyclooxygenase-2 gene associate with decreased risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in a Tunisian population?\nAnswer: We conclude that the CC-genotype and C allele of cox-2 T8473C gene polymorphism are associated with decreased risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in a Tunisian population.", "pos": "Question: Is tPH1 A218 allele associated with suicidal behavior in Turkish population?\nAnswer: Our results provide evidence that A allele of TPH1 A218C polymorphism may be associated with suicidal behavior in Turkish population.", "neg": "Question: Is association between frequency of chromosomal aberrations and cancer risk influenced by genetic polymorphisms in GSTM1 and GSTT1?\nAnswer: Despite the small size of the study groups, our results substantiate the cancer risk predictivity of CA frequency, ruling against a strong modifying effect of GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}146{"query": "Question: Does a shoe insole delivering subsensory vibratory noise improve balance and gait in healthy elderly people?\nAnswer: This study provides proof of concept that the application of the principle of stochastic resonance to the foot sole sensory system using a new low-voltage piezoelectric technology can improve measures of balance and gait that are associated with falls. Effective vibratory noise amplitudes range from 70% to 85% of the sensory threshold and can be set once daily.", "pos": "Question: Does evaluation of a new device to prevent fall in persons with Parkinson 's disease?\nAnswer: The WalkAbout may help persons with PD who have more severe disability to walk farther. These data could be beneficial in selecting a helpful walking aid for persons with PD.", "neg": "Question: Does prolonged Achilles Tendon Vibration Alter the Neuromuscular Performance of Plantar Flexor Muscles?\nAnswer: The current study demonstrates that 30 min of Achilles tendon vibration at a low or high frequency using a portable stimulator did not affect the neuromuscular performance of the plantar flexor muscles. These results emphasize the limits of tendon vibration, whatever the frequency applied, for inducing neuromuscular fatigue.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}147{"query": "Question: Do sleep spindle and slow wave frequency reflect motor skill performance in primary school-age children?\nAnswer: Children enhance their accuracy only over an interval with sleep. Unlike previously reported in adults, children enhance their speed independent of sleep, a capacity that may to be lost in adulthood. Individual differences in the dominant frequency of spindles and slow waves were predictive for performance: children performed better if they had less slow spindles, more fast spindles and faster slow waves. On the other hand, overnight enhancement of accuracy was most pronounced in children with more slow spindles and slower slow waves, i.e., the ones with an initial lower performance. Associations of spindle and slow wave characteristics with initial performance may confound interpretation of their involvement in overnight enhancement. Slower frequencies of characteristic sleep events may mark slower learning and immaturity of networks involved in motor skills.", "pos": "Question: Is sleep efficiency ( but not sleep duration ) of healthy school-age children associated with grades in math and languages?\nAnswer: Sleep efficiency, but not sleep duration, is associated with academic performance as measured by report-card grades in typically developing school-aged children. The integration of strategies to improve sleep efficiency might represent a successful approach for improving children's readiness and/or performance in math and languages.", "neg": "Question: Does sleep loss aggravate the deteriorating effect of hypoglycemia on neurocognitive function in healthy men?\nAnswer: One night of total SD deteriorates neurocognitive function as reflected by indicators of attentive stimulus processing, but does not synergistically aggravate the impairing influence of acute hypoglycemia. The findings are not consistent with the view that neurocognitive deteriorations after SD result from challenged cerebral glucose metabolism.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}148{"query": "Question: Does the dual CCR5 and CCR2 inhibitor cenicriviroc redistribute HIV into extracellular space : implications for plasma viral load and intracellular DNA decline?\nAnswer: In contrast to maraviroc, cenicriviroc does not repel virus back into extracellular space. Differences in results may be due to superior binding of cenicriviroc to CCR5 compared with maraviroc.", "pos": "Question: Does single oral dose of maraviroc prevent ex-vivo HIV infection of rectal mucosa in HIV-1 negative human volunteers?\nAnswer: An ex-vivo challenge with a single oral dose of MVC does not prevent ex-vivo infection of human rectal mucosa. The lack of prophylactic efficacy observed suggests that 'on demand' MVC preexposure prophylaxis would not prevent rectal HIV-1 transmission.", "neg": "Question: Do human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C infections induce distinct immunologic imprints in peripheral mononuclear cells?\nAnswer: An aberrant type-I IFN response seen exclusively in HIV-infected individuals could be responsible for the poor therapeutic response experienced by HIV/HCV coinfected individuals receiving interferon-alpha-based current standard of care.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}149{"query": "Question: Do our experiences on the reconstruction of lateral scalp burn alopecia with tissue expanders?\nAnswer: Although the number of case were limited, the ideal and standardized cosmetic results could be obtained by this approach.", "pos": "Question: Do skin stretching for primary closure of acute burn wounds?\nAnswer: Skin Stretch for primary closure of acute burn wounds is a suitable technique and can be considered for specific circumscript full-thickness burn wounds. However, future research should be performed to provide additional scientific evidence.", "neg": "Question: Are cycloid psychoses part of a bipolar affective spectrum : results of a controlled family study?\nAnswer: Our time-consuming methodical procedure implicated a relatively small number of participants due to restricted personnel resources. The restriction to hospitalised probands could possibly cause a limited representativity of the study sample.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}150{"query": "Question: Is prostate-specific antigen doubling time subsequent to radical prostatectomy a predictor of outcome following salvage external beam radiation therapy : a single-centre experience?\nAnswer: Salvage EBRT provides effective long-term BFR and metastatic-free survival in a selected group of patients with detectable, rising prostate-specific antigen values following radical prostatectomy. SVI and PSADT are prognostic variables for a non-durable response to salvage EBRT and thus predictors of high-risk prostate cancer in patients in whom neoadjuvant and adjuvant androgen deprivation therapy should be considered.", "pos": "Question: Is number of positive preoperative biopsy cores a predictor of positive surgical margins ( PSM ) in small prostates after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy ( RARP )?\nAnswer: A preoperative biopsy with ≥3 positive cores in men with small prostates predicts PSM after RARP. In small prostates with PSM, a PSA level of >20 ng/dL is a predictor of BCR. These factors should guide the choice of therapy and indicate the need for closer postoperative follow-up.", "neg": "Question: Does preoperative serum prostate specific antigen reflect biochemical failure rates after radical prostatectomy in men with large volume cancers?\nAnswer: Percent Gleason grade 4/5, cancer location in the peripheral zone, cancer volume and lymph node involvement have prognostic value in large volume prostate cancer. Cancer location in the peripheral zone and percent Gleason grade 4/5 are the most powerful predictors of biochemical failure in men whose cancer is 6 cc or greater and contained in the prostatic capsule. Preoperative serum PSA is not helpful in distinguishing biochemical failure rates in these large volume cancers whether they are organ confined or not.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}151{"query": "Question: Is head-shaft angle a risk factor for hip displacement in children with cerebral palsy?\nAnswer: A high HSA appears to be a risk factor for hip displacement in children with CP.", "pos": "Question: Does dense genotyping of immune-related loci identify HLA variants associated with increased risk of collagenous colitis?\nAnswer: HLA genotype associates with CC, thus implicating HLA-related immune mechanisms in its pathogenesis.", "neg": "Question: Is dysfunctional coping in headache : avoidance and endurance associated with chronic forms of headache?\nAnswer: Dysfunctional coping was seen with high prevalence in the entire patient sample (66%). Against our hypothesis, it was not confined to chronic forms of headache. In respect to our data, we discuss the role of avoidance and endurance coping in headache and its possible role in chronicity.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}152{"query": "Question: Is implementation of a surgical intensive care unit service associated with improved outcomes for trauma patients?\nAnswer: Transition from a pulmonary ICU service to a SICU service at our institution was associated with no change in mortality but an improvement in pulmonary complications, ventilator days, and reintubation rates. Trauma centers currently staffed with a pulmonary ICU service should feel comfortable converting to SICU service and should expect comparable or improved outcomes for trauma patients admitted to the ICU.", "pos": "Question: Does implementation of the acute care surgery model provide benefits in the surgical treatment of the acute appendicitis?\nAnswer: The ACS model may improve abdominal surgical efficiency and quality. Our study results echoed the benefits of the implementation of the ACS model shown in North America.", "neg": "Question: Is quality of Care Within a Trauma Center Altered by Injury Type?\nAnswer: : Risk-adjusted outcomes are consistent within trauma centers across different types of injuries, suggesting that quality improvement efforts should measure, analyze, and focus on hospital-wide systems of care, rather than on isolated quality domains related to specific types of injury.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}153{"query": "Question: Does elevated amygdala activity during reappraisal anticipation predict anxiety in avoidant personality disorder?\nAnswer: Our finding of exaggerated amygdala activity during reappraisal anticipation could reflect anxiety about the impending need to reappraise, anxiety about the certainty of an upcoming negative image, or anxiety relating to anticipated scrutiny of task responses by the experimenters. While we believe that all of these possibilities are consistent with the phenomenology of avoidant personality disorder, future research may clarify this ambiguity.", "pos": "Question: Does dorsomedial Prefrontal Cortex mediate the Impact of Serotonin Transporter Linked Polymorphic Region Genotype on Anticipatory Threat Reactions?\nAnswer: The converging results from these experiments demonstrate that innate 5-HTTLPR linked variation in dmPFC activity predicts psychophysiological responsivity to pending threats. Our results reveal a neurogenetic pathway mediating interindividual variability in anticipatory responses to threat and yield a novel mechanistic account for previously reported associations between genetic variability in serotonin transporter function and stress-related psychopathology.", "neg": "Question: 's it what you think , it 's how you relate to it : dispositional mindfulness moderates the relationship between psychological distress and the cortisol awakening response?\nAnswer: These findings are consistent with the idea that the tendency to describe and accept experiences may buffer the impact of psychological distress on physiological arousal. These metacognitive processes may be important moderators in unraveling the complex relationship between psychological distress and physiological stress reactivity. Further research is recommended to replicate this approach in other populations.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}154{"query": "Question: Does prenatal marijuana exposure predict marijuana use in young adulthood?\nAnswer: PME is associated with subsequent marijuana use in young adulthood after considering the effects of other significant factors. These findings have important implications for public health given the recent trend toward legitimization of marijuana use.", "pos": "Question: Does inhibition during early adolescence predict alcohol and marijuana use by late adolescence?\nAnswer: Compromised inhibitory functioning during early adolescence prior to the onset of substance use was related to more frequent and intense alcohol and marijuana use by late adolescence. Inhibition performance could help identify teens at risk for initiating heavy substance use during adolescence, and potentially could be modified to improve outcome.", "neg": "Question: Do maternal Nrf2 and gluthathione-S-transferase polymorphisms modify associations of prenatal tobacco smoke exposure with asthma and lung function in school-aged children?\nAnswer: This study confirms a detrimental effect of intrauterine tobacco smoke exposure on childhood lung function but no strong evidence of modification by maternal genotype for important antioxidant genes. Adverse effects of fetal exposure to tobacco smoke on the respiratory health of children may be mediated by pathways other than oxidative stress.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}155{"query": "Question: Does nAIF1 inhibit gastric cancer cells migration and invasion via the MAPK pathways?\nAnswer: Our study revealed that NAIF1 plays a role in regulating cellular migration and invasion through the MAPK pathways. It could be a therapeutic target for gastric cancer.", "pos": "Question: Does miR-132 inhibit lung cancer cell migration and invasion by targeting SOX4?\nAnswer: Our finding provides new insight into the mechanism of NSCLC progression. Therapeutically, miR-132 may serve as a potential target in the treatment of human lung cancer.", "neg": "Question: Are proliferation of colo-357 pancreatic carcinoma cells and survival of patients with pancreatic carcinoma altered by insulin glargine?\nAnswer: Regular human insulin and insulin glargine may be used to treat diabetes in patients with pancreatic cancer.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}156{"query": "Question: Is cMV specific cytokine release assay in whole blood optimized by combining synthetic CMV peptides and toll like receptor agonists?\nAnswer: IGRAs using synthetic CMV peptides or native lysate showed the best cytokine signal to noise ratio compared to recombinant antigen and TLR agonists LTA and Poly(I:C) constitute potential costimulating reagents.", "pos": "Question: Does glucocorticoid receptor coordinate transcription factor-dominated regulatory network in macrophages?\nAnswer: Pro- and anti-inflammatory stimuli alter the expression of a vast array of transcription factors and chromatin remodelers. By regulating multiple transcription factors, which propagate the initial hormonal signal, GR acts as a coordinating hub in anti-inflammatory responses. As several KLFs promote the anti-inflammatory program in macrophages, we propose that GR and KLFs functionally cooperate to curb inflammation.", "neg": "Question: Does systemic delivery of DNA or siRNA mediated by linear polyethylenimine ( L-PEI ) induce an inflammatory response?\nAnswer: Taken together our data highlight that linear polyethylenimine is a delivery reagent of choice for nucleic acid therapeutics.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}157{"query": "Question: Does light alcohol consumption play a protective role against non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Japanese men with metabolic syndrome?\nAnswer: The prevalence of NAFLD in light drinkers was significantly lower than in non-drinkers, and supporting previous reports studying the general population, LAC is one of the significant predictors of a decreased prevalence of NAFLD in men with MS.", "pos": "Question: Does light and moderate alcohol consumption significantly reduce the prevalence of fatty liver in the Japanese male population?\nAnswer: The prevalence of FL was significantly and independently decreased by light and moderate alcohol consumption in men of an asymptomatic Japanese population.", "neg": "Question: Is the serum level of NX-DCP-R , but not DCP , increased in alcoholic liver disease without hepatocellular carcinoma?\nAnswer: NX-DCP-R, but not DCP, was not increased in alcoholics without HCC. As for negative screening for HCC, the specificity of the NX-DCP-R in alcoholics without HCC was better than that of DCP in alcoholics without HCC, and so could be a useful negative screening tool for HCC in millions of alcoholics worldwide.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}158{"query": "Question: Do genomic selection accuracies within and between environments and small breeding groups in white spruce?\nAnswer: Given the need for high relatedness between CV sets to obtain good prediction accuracies, we recommend to build GS models for prediction within the same breeding population only. Breeding groups could be merged to build genomic prediction models as long as the total effective population size does not exceed 50 individuals in order to obtain high prediction accuracy such as that obtained in the present study. A number of markers limited to a few hundred would not negatively impact prediction accuracies, but these could decrease more rapidly over generations. The most promising short-term approach for genomic selection would likely be the selection of superior individuals within large full-sib families vegetatively propagated to implement multiclonal forestry.", "pos": "Question: Do performance of genomic prediction within and across generations in maritime pine?\nAnswer: This study suggests that the training of prediction models on parental populations can predict the genetic merit of the progeny with high accuracy: an encouraging result for the implementation of GS in the maritime pine breeding program.", "neg": "Question: Do monogamy and high relatedness preferentially favor the evolution of cooperation?\nAnswer: The solitary ancestral species to cooperative breeders may have been predominantly monogamous, but it cannot be concluded that monogamy is a predisposing state for the evolution of helping behavior. Monogamy may simply be coincidental to other more important life history characteristics such as nest defense or sequential provisioning of offspring. The differing predictive outcome from a gene-based model also supports arguments that inclusive fitness formulations poorly model some evolutionary questions. Nevertheless, cooperation only evolves when benefits are provided for kin: helping alleles did not increase in frequency in the absence of potential gains in indirect fitness. The key question, therefore, is not whether kin selection occurs, but how best to elucidate the differing evolutionary advantages of genetic relatedness versus genetic diversity.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}159{"query": "Question: Do local and general anaesthesia influence outcome of transfemoral aortic valve implantation?\nAnswer: Selection of anaesthesia appears to be more influenced by national practice and operator preference than patient characteristics. In the absence of an observed difference in outcomes for either approach, there is no compelling argument to suggest that operators and centres should change their anaesthetic practice.", "pos": "Question: Is [ The incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting effected by routinely applied manual pre-oxygenation during induction of anesthesia ]?\nAnswer: Since neither routine pre-intubation positive pressure mask ventilation nor the medical qualification of the anesthesilogist affect the incidence of PONV neither variable needs to be taken into account in studies concerning PONV.", "neg": "Question: Do long-term efficacy of the Baerveldt 250 mm2 compared with the Baerveldt 350 mm2 implant?\nAnswer: With a mean follow-up of 40 and 31 months, no differences in surgical success, VA, IOP, number of medications at the last visit, and complication/failure rates were noted between the Baerveldt 250 mm2 and 350 mm2 GDIs, respectively. The size of the GDI may not be associated with surgical outcomes.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}160{"query": "Question: Does multidrug resistant bacteriuria before percutaneous nephrolithotomy predict for postoperative infectious complications?\nAnswer: Our institution demonstrated a relatively high prevalence of MDR bacteriuria in patients undergoing PCNL and that MDR is a significant risk factor for postoperative infectious complications despite appropriate preoperative antibiotics. Further investigations regarding prophylaxis modalities and infection prevention strategies are needed.", "pos": "Question: Do identification of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ( MRSA ) strains isolated from burn patients by multiplex PCR?\nAnswer: This study presented a high MRSA rate in the region under investigation. The 16S rRNA-mecA-nuc multiplex PCR is a good tool for the rapid characterization of MRSA strains. This paper emphasizes the need for preventive measures and choosing effective antimicrobials against MRSA and MRCoNS infections in the burn units.", "neg": "Question: Are post-pyelonephritic renal scars associated with vesicoureteral reflux in children?\nAnswer: Renal scars after first pyelonephritis are in most cases not associated with abnormalities of the urinary tract, but are caused by the infection itself. However, structural abnormalities may predispose to recurrent infections. Following pyelonephritis new renal scars may develop in all age groups in both sexes.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}161{"query": "Question: Is higher fibrinogen level independently linked with the presence and severity of new-onset coronary atherosclerosis among Han Chinese population?\nAnswer: Higher fibrinogen level is independently linked with the presence and severity of new-onset coronary atherosclerosis in Han Chinese population.", "pos": "Question: Is fibromyalgia associated with coronary heart disease : a population-based cohort study?\nAnswer: An association between fibromyalgia and CHD appears to exist.", "neg": "Question: Is myocardial contractility constant during spontaneous atrial fibrillation in patients?\nAnswer: Myocardial contractility is constantly changing from beat to beat in atrial fibrillation because of the influence of the force-interval relationships.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}162{"query": "Question: Is the combination of pill count and self-reported adherence a strong predictor of first-line ART failure for adults in South Africa?\nAnswer: In this setting, a combination of pill count adherence and self-report adherence questions had the highest diagnostic accuracy for VF. Further validation of this simple, low-cost combination is warranted in large prospective studies.", "pos": "Question: Does poor self-rated health predict mortality in patients with stable chronic heart failure?\nAnswer: Poor self-rated health predicts mortality in our long-term follow-up of patients with stable chronic heart failure, even after adjustment for established risk predictors. We encourage clinicians to capture patient-reported self-rated health routinely as an easy to assess, clinically meaningful measure and pay extra attention when self-rated health is poor.", "neg": "Question: Is virological failure after 1 year of first-line ART associated with HIV minority drug resistance in rural Cameroon?\nAnswer: Virological failure after 1 year of ART was not associated with minority drug resistance at baseline but with incomplete adherence. Strategies to assure adherence and uninterrupted drug supplies are pivotal factors for therapy success.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}163{"query": "Question: Does microRNA-19a enhance proliferation of bronchial epithelial cells by targeting TGFβR2 gene in severe asthma?\nAnswer: Our study uncovers a new regulatory pathway involving miR-19a that is critical to the severe phenotype of asthma and indicates that downregulating miR-19a expression could be explored as a potential new therapy to modulate epithelium repair in asthma.", "pos": "Question: Do mesenchymal stem cells regulate airway contractile tissue remodeling in murine experimental asthma?\nAnswer: Therapeutic mesenchymal stem cell infusion in murine experimental asthma is free of unwanted pro-remodeling effects and ameliorates airway hyper-responsiveness and contractile tissue remodeling. These outcomes support furthering the development of mesenchymal stem cell-based asthma therapies, although caution and solid preclinical data building are warranted.", "neg": "Question: Does beta-adrenergic agonism impair the GH response to acylated ghrelin in humans?\nAnswer: The GH-releasing effect of AG is refractory to the inhibitory effect of SLB-induced beta-adrenergic receptor activation. Although further studies are needed to confirm these results during the lifespan and particularly during prolonged exposure to beta agonists, the present data clearly suggest that, among GH stimulatory tests, AG administration might be the most suitable in clinical conditions of chronic treatment with beta-2 agonists, such as in asthmatic disease.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}164{"query": "Question: Are serum triglycerides , but not cholesterol or leptin , decreased in suicide attempters with mood disorders?\nAnswer: This is a cross-sectional study, and we cannot therefore assess whether a decrease in triglycerides caused a mood episode with suicidal ideation that led to a suicide attempt or if the presence of a mood episode originated a loss of appetite and consequent loss of weight, therefore decreasing triglyceride levels.", "pos": "Question: Is soft drink consumption associated with depressive symptoms among adults in China?\nAnswer: This is a cross-sectional study, causal relation remains unknown.", "neg": "Question: Does fasting ghrelin predict food intake after short-term energy restriction?\nAnswer: Fasting ghrelin concentrations did not rise after a 2-day energy restriction regimen. Moreover, changes in ghrelin concentrations during energy restriction were not associated with subsequent ad libitum food intake, suggesting that fasting ghrelin does not act as a hunger signal to the brain. The data did not support our hypothesis that leptin suppresses ghrelin levels.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}165{"query": "Question: Is soft drink consumption associated with depressive symptoms among adults in China?\nAnswer: This is a cross-sectional study, causal relation remains unknown.", "pos": "Question: Are serum triglycerides , but not cholesterol or leptin , decreased in suicide attempters with mood disorders?\nAnswer: This is a cross-sectional study, and we cannot therefore assess whether a decrease in triglycerides caused a mood episode with suicidal ideation that led to a suicide attempt or if the presence of a mood episode originated a loss of appetite and consequent loss of weight, therefore decreasing triglyceride levels.", "neg": "Question: Do unhealthy lifestyles mediate the relationship between socioeconomic status and incident depressive symptoms : the Health ABC study?\nAnswer: In generally healthy persons aged 70-79 years, lifestyle factors do not explain the relationship between SES and depressive symptoms.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}166{"query": "Question: Is blood alcohol concentration negatively associated with gambling money won on the Iowa gambling task in naturalistic settings after controlling for trait impulsivity and alcohol tolerance?\nAnswer: Trait impulsivity and habitual alcohol use were also significant predictors. Results are discussed in terms of acute effects of alcohol on brain systems and the behavioural consequences of such effects on decision making.", "pos": "Question: Does traumatic brain injury induce neuroinflammation and neuronal degeneration that is associated with escalated alcohol self-administration in rats?\nAnswer: These results show an association between post-TBI escalation of alcohol drinking and marked localized neuroinflammation at the site of injury. Moreover, these results highlight the relevance of baseline alcohol preference in determining post-TBI alcohol drinking. Further investigation to determine the contribution of neuroinflammation to increased alcohol drinking post-TBI is warranted.", "neg": "Question: Does chronic binge alcohol consumption diminish effectiveness of continuous antiretroviral suppression of viral load in simian immunodeficiency virus-infected macaques?\nAnswer: These findings indicate that CBA does not attenuate effectiveness of NRTI suppression of viral load, nor does it appear to interact with NRTI to produce toxicity during the initial 2 months of treatment. We conclude that while efforts to reduce AUD in PLWHA should be a priority, counseling on the importance of adherence to ART even on drinking days should also be promoted.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}167{"query": "Question: Does sexual activity predispose to reflux episodes in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease?\nAnswer: Sexual activity does not predispose to increased intraesophageal acid exposure and acid reflux events. Larger studies are needed to confirm our findings in patients who define reflux symptoms during sexual intercourse.", "pos": "Question: Is pharyngeal pH alone reliable for the detection of pharyngeal reflux events : A study with oesophageal and pharyngeal pH-impedance monitoring?\nAnswer: This study demonstrates that pharyngeal pH alone is not reliable for the detection of pharyngeal reflux and that adding distal oesophageal pH analysis is not helpful. The only reliable analysis should take into account impedance patterns demonstrating the presence of pharyngeal reflux event preceded by a distal and proximal reflux event within the oesophagus.", "neg": "Question: Is esophageal Mucosal Impedance Pattern Distinct in Patients With Extraesophageal Reflux Symptoms and Pathologic Acid Reflux?\nAnswer: Patients with symptoms of EER and evidence of acid reflux have an MI lower than those without at 2 cm above the SCJ, with a trend at 5 cm and 10 cm as well. MI may be a tool to assess presence of GERD in patients presenting with EER symptoms.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}168{"query": "Question: Is vascular injury associated with increased mortality in winter sports trauma?\nAnswer: Although vascular injury is an uncommon associated finding in winter sports trauma, it is associated with a significant increase in mortality. These findings highlight the need for rapid identification of traumatic vascular injuries, which predicts worse overall outcomes in this patient population.", "pos": "Question: Does the Intermountain Risk Score predict mortality in trauma patients?\nAnswer: Intermountain Risk Score strongly predicts mortality in trauma patients at this single level I trauma center. The ability to accurately determine a patient's mortality risk at admission makes IMRS a potentially clinically important tool.", "neg": "Question: Is pre-hospital hypothermia associated with increased survival after traumatic brain injury?\nAnswer: Although in-vivo and in-vitro studies demonstrate induced hypothermia may be protective in TBI, our study demonstrates that admission hypothermia was associated with increased mortality in isolated, blunt, moderate to severe TBI. Further prospective research is needed to elucidate the role of thermoregulation in patients sustaining TBI.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}169{"query": "Question: Is a common variant in RAB27A gene associated with fractional exhaled nitric oxide levels in adults?\nAnswer: This study identified a common variant located in RAB27A gene influencing FeNO levels specifically in adults and with a biological relevance to the regulation of FeNO levels. This study provides new insight into the biological mechanisms underlying FeNO levels in adults.", "pos": "Question: Is nociceptin/orphanin FQ receptor gene variation associated with smoking status in Japanese?\nAnswer: The rs2229205 SNP in the OPRL1 gene may be a genetic factor that contributes to individual differences in the vulnerability to smoking in Japanese individuals.", "neg": "Question: Are nicotine effects on retrieval-induced forgetting attributable to changes in arousal?\nAnswer: To test an arousal explanation of nicotine's effects on cognitive inhibition, this study compared the separate and combined effects of an acute dose of nicotine and an arousal manipulation on inhibitory processes associated with the retrieval-induced forgetting (RIF) paradigm.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}170{"query": "Question: Does a dietary phytochemical blend prevent liver damage associated with adipose tissue mobilization in ovariectomized rats?\nAnswer: Adverse hepatic effects secondary to ovariectomy were mitigated through the inclusion of a dietary phytochemical blend in aged ovariectomized rats. The use of such compounds may not only help with weight management and disease risk in menopausal women, but may also prevent the lipotoxicity in NAFLD.", "pos": "Question: Does shinzami Korean purple-fleshed sweet potato extract prevent ischaemia-reperfusion-induced liver damage in rats?\nAnswer: Shinzami extract and anthocyanins have a hepatoprotective effect on the liver damage induced by hepatic I/R by improving antioxidant status. Furthermore, the Shinzami extract may have a more potent effect on the antioxidant status compared with the Shinzami anthocyanins alone.", "neg": "Question: Do anti-oxidants prevent bile acid-induced cell death in rat hepatocytes?\nAnswer: In hepatocytes, bile acid-induced toxicity is not prevented by scavengers of oxidative stress. The beneficial effects observed in patients might be because of the contribution of ROS and cytokines rather than bile acid-mediated oxidative stress. However, the use of specific Src kinase inhibitors might be a useful tool to prevent bile acid-induced injury in liver diseases.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}171{"query": "Question: Is real-time three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography useful for percutaneous closure of multiple secundum atrial septal defects?\nAnswer: RT-3D-TEE provides reliable diagnostic evidence of multiple ASDs and can help the clinician to select an appropriate operation scheme according to the number and morphology of multiple defects prior to percutaneous transcatheter closure. It also allows for proper positioning of the devices during the procedure and provides an effective means of evaluating the success of the procedure. For two devices to be implanted simultaneously in multiple ASDs, the usual requirement for the distance between the two defects may differ between our domestically made devices and the Amplatzer occluder.", "pos": "Question: Does multiplanar reconstruction of three-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography improve the presurgical assessment of mitral prolapse?\nAnswer: Interpretation of 3D transthoracic echocardiographic images with MPR improved the accuracy of the description of the MVP compared with 2D interpretation. This added value of 3D MPR was most important in extensive and/or commissural prolapse.", "neg": "Question: Is the imaginary line method reliable for identification of prosthetic heart valves on AP chest radiographs?\nAnswer: The well known imaginary line method is of limited value when identifying prosthetic valve positions on supine AP CXR's. We advocate the use of the \"valve orifice\" method or the \"perceived direction of blood flow\" method to gain valuable information regarding the presence and position of prosthetic heart valves.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}172{"query": "Question: Do longitudinal patterns of cortisol regulation differ in maltreated and nonmaltreated children?\nAnswer: Interventions for maltreated children may benefit from pre- and post-intervention HPA assessments to determine a component of treatment efficacy. As maltreatment dimensions predicted differential cortisol regulation, assessment of maltreatment experiences is necessary to understand alterations in behavior and HPA regulation post-intervention.", "pos": "Question: Do mental health service use among high school students exposed to interpersonal violence?\nAnswer: Associations between adolescent violence exposure and mental health service contact vary by forms of exposure. Outreach to a broader set of exposed youth may reduce the impact of violence and its consequences for vulnerable students.", "neg": "Question: Does disease Activity Explain It All : How Internalizing Symptoms and Caregiver Depressive Symptoms Relate to Health-related Quality of Life Among Youth with Inflammatory Bowel Disease?\nAnswer: Greater DA independently relates to poorer HRQoL. In addition, DA relates to greater child internalizing problems which in turn relate to higher levels of caregiver depressive symptoms and poorer HRQoL. Providers may consider a family-based approach to screen for internalizing problems, especially in patients with active disease, because caregiver and child mood symptoms may partially explain worsening child HRQoL.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}173{"query": "Question: Does substance Use and Related harm Among Adolescents With and Without Traumatic Brain Injury?\nAnswer: There are strong and demographically stable associations between TBI and substance use. These associations may not only increase the odds of injury but impair the quality of postinjury recovery.", "pos": "Question: Does traumatic brain injury induce neuroinflammation and neuronal degeneration that is associated with escalated alcohol self-administration in rats?\nAnswer: These results show an association between post-TBI escalation of alcohol drinking and marked localized neuroinflammation at the site of injury. Moreover, these results highlight the relevance of baseline alcohol preference in determining post-TBI alcohol drinking. Further investigation to determine the contribution of neuroinflammation to increased alcohol drinking post-TBI is warranted.", "neg": "Question: Are alcohol interventions for trauma patients just for adults : justification for brief interventions for the injured adolescent at a pediatric trauma center?\nAnswer: Injured youth admitted to a pediatric trauma center are a high-risk population. Alcohol misuse is a significant cofactor for trauma for these patients, and effective developmentally appropriate interventions are justified and needed.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}174{"query": "Question: Is eGFR-TKI effective regardless of treatment timing in pulmonary adenocarcinoma with EGFR mutation?\nAnswer: EGFR-TKIs showed similar efficacy in patients with EGFR mutation-positive adenocarcinoma in terms of RR, PFS, and OS irrespective of treatment timing. Although EGFR-TKIs are currently the treatment of choice of first-line treatment in patients with EGFR-positive tumors, the sequential treatment with EGFR-TKI could be a reasonable option when EGFR mutation status cannot be obtained in a short time.", "pos": "Question: Is epidermal growth factor receptor mutation associated with longer local control after definitive chemoradiotherapy in patients with stage III nonsquamous non-small-cell lung cancer?\nAnswer: Our study is the first to show radiosensitive biology of EGFR-mutated tumors in definitive CRT with curative intent. This finding could serve as a credible baseline estimate of EGFR-mutated population in stage III nonsquamous NSCLC.", "neg": "Question: Do all aggressive lymphoma subtypes share similar outcome after front-line autotransplantation : a matched-control analysis by the Groupe d'Etude des Lymphomes de l'Adulte ( GELA )?\nAnswer: This cohort study confirms the high efficacy of front-line ASCT in responding aggressive B-NHL patients with adverse prognostic factors.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}175{"query": "Question: Is diabetes associated with increased risk of venous thromboembolism : a systematic review and meta-analysis?\nAnswer: Diabetes is associated with increased risk of VTE, which may have implications for the primary and secondary prevention of VTE.", "pos": "Question: Is mean platelet volume associated with glycaemic control and retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus?\nAnswer: This study has shown that an increased MPV is closely associated with poor glycaemic control, which may be a risk factor for diabetic retinopathy. Nonetheless, further prospective studies are needed to assess the relationship between MPV, glycaemic indices and microvascular complications.", "neg": "Question: Does diabetes affect ventricular repolarization and sudden cardiac death risk in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy?\nAnswer: Diabetes appears to increase the risk of heart failure in patients with DCM without affecting ventricular repolarization parameters and sudden cardiac death risk.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}176{"query": "Question: Is invasion of uterine cervical squamous cell carcinoma cells facilitated by locoregional interaction with cancer-associated fibroblasts via activating transforming growth factor-beta?\nAnswer: These results suggest that interaction between CSCC cells and surrounding CCAFs activates TGF-β via thrombospondin-1 secretion to facilitate CSCC invasion.", "pos": "Question: Does tumor-α9β1 integrin-mediated signaling induce breast cancer growth and lymphatic metastasis via the recruitment of cancer-associated fibroblasts?\nAnswer: Tumor α9β1 integrin promotes lymphatic metastasis through enhancing invasion. Tumor α9β1 integrin promotes tumor growth through CAFs. Tumor α9β1 integrin enhances the recruitment of CAFs into the primary tumor. Tumor cells induce the production of OPN by CAFs in the primary tumor. CAF-derived OPN promotes tumor growth.", "neg": "Question: Do colony-stimulating factor-1 and its receptor have a role in the pathogenesis of uterine sarcomas?\nAnswer: In contradistinction to endometrial adenocarcinomas, in which CSF-1/CSF-1R is strongly correlated with tumor progression, CSF-1 and CSF-1R overexpression does not appear to play a role in the growth and differentiation of uterine sarcomas.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}177{"query": "Question: Is increased serum cancer antigen-125 a marker for severity of deep endometriosis?\nAnswer: Serum CA-125 levels were significantly increased in women with severe forms of endometriosis, OMA, and DIE lesions. In addition, elevated serum Ca-125 levels were associated with more severe and extended DIE lesions. In women with superficial peritoneal lesions, CA-125 levels were not different from women without endometriosis.", "pos": "Question: Does syndecan-1 enhance the endometrial cancer invasion by modulating matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression through nuclear factor kappaB?\nAnswer: These findings provide evidence that supports that syndecan-1 may have a critical role in carcinogenic progression, particularly, contributing to the development of proliferative and invasive phenotype through NF-kappaB-mediated MMP-9 gene expression in endometrial cancer.", "neg": "Question: Is serum carbohydrate antigen 125 an independent prognostic factor in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia?\nAnswer: The results support a high CA-125 level correlates significantly with many clinical features of advanced stage, poor prognostic factors, and worse TFS and OS. However, CA-125 is not an independent prognostic factor in patients with CLL.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}178{"query": "Question: Do detailed characterization of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in two distinct human solid malignancies show phenotypic similarities?\nAnswer: This study demonstrates that multi-color flow cytometry of freshly digested tumor samples reveals phenotypic differences in TIL vs PBL T cell sub-populations. The TIL composition in primary and metastatic tumors from two distinct histologies were remarkably similar, showing a greater proportion of activated/suppressive Treg (HLA-DR(+), CD39(+), CTLA-4(+) and Helios(+)) and activated cytotoxic T cells (CD8(+)/HLA-DR(+)/CD38(+)) when compared to PBL and an increase in IL-6 mRNA from CD4 TIL.", "pos": "Question: Does discovery-based protein expression profiling identify distinct subgroups and pathways in leiomyosarcomas?\nAnswer: These results suggest that UPS tumors share a similar lineage as leiomyosarcomas and are likely to originate from different stages of differentiation from mesenchymal stem cells to smooth muscle cells.", "neg": "Question: Does volume of lymphatic metastases independently influence prognosis in colorectal cancer?\nAnswer: The number of nodes involved with metastatic tumor, rather the volume of metastatic involvement of the regional lymph nodes, predicts outcome. These results suggest that micrometastatic disease may have a similar prognosis as macrometastatic disease when the same number of lymph nodes are involved with metastatic tumor.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}179{"query": "Question: Do long-term lung cancer survivors have permanently decreased quality of life after surgery?\nAnswer: NSCLC survivors may suffer postoperatively from permanently reduced long-term HRQoL compared to an age- and gender-matched general population. This is essential patient information as more patients are surviving longer.", "pos": "Question: Is smoking a perioperative risk factor and prognostic factor for lung cancer surgery?\nAnswer: Smokers with lung cancer tended to have advanced lung cancer, impaired pulmonary function, and high morbidity after lung cancer surgery. Although multivariate analysis did not show that smoking was associated with poor outcome, non-smokers had significantly better overall survival, even for patients with stage IA lung cancers.", "neg": "Question: 's it over when it 's over : long-term symptoms in cancer survivors -- a systematic review?\nAnswer: Based on longitudinal and cross-sectional evidence, cancer survivors can experience symptoms for more than 10 years following treatment. These symptoms were present in survivors of all four cancer types who underwent a wide variety of treatment. The results indicate that these symptoms should be evaluated and managed to optimize long-term outcomes.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}180{"query": "Question: Does pregestational maternal obesity impair endocrine pancreas in male F1 and F2 progeny?\nAnswer: Maternal HF diet consumed during the preconception period and throughout the gestation and lactation periods in mice promotes metabolism and pancreatic programming in F1 and F2 male offspring, implying intergenerational effects.", "pos": "Question: Does post-weaning diet determine metabolic risk in mice exposed to overnutrition in early life?\nAnswer: These results suggest that post-weaning exposure to a high-fat high-sugar diet has a more profound effect on offspring weight gain and glucose tolerance than exposure to maternal overnutrition. These data emphasise the importance of optimising early life nutrition in offspring of both obese and lean mothers.", "neg": "Question: Do leptin-resistant obese mice form biliary crystals on a high cholesterol diet?\nAnswer: These data suggest that Lep(db) obese mice fed a high cholesterol diet have increased gallbladder volume and decreased biliary cholesterol saturation and crystal formation despite elevated serum cholesterol compared with lean control mice. We conclude that the link among obesity, diet, and gallstone formation may not require hypersecretion of biliary cholesterol and may be related to the effects of diabetes, hyperlipidemia, or both on gallbladder motility.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}181{"query": "Question: Does chloroquine enhance temozolomide cytotoxicity in malignant gliomas by blocking autophagy?\nAnswer: Taken together, these results demonstrate that CQ blocks autophagy and triggers endoplasmic reticulum stress, thereby increasing the chemosensitivity of glioma cells to TMZ.", "pos": "Question: Does cSTMP induce apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction in human myeloma RPMI8226 cells via CHOP-dependent endoplasmic reticulum stress?\nAnswer: Our results indicated that CSTMP could induce apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction in RPMI8226 cells via CHOP-dependent ER stress.", "neg": "Question: Do tSH receptor antibodies alter the function of gonadotropin receptors stably expressed in eukaryotic cells?\nAnswer: Our results confirm the notion of the organ-specific nature of the TSHr antibodies.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}182{"query": "Question: Is long-term therapy with temozolomide a feasible option for newly diagnosed glioblastoma : a single-institution experience with as many as 101 temozolomide cycles?\nAnswer: This study describes the longest experience so far reported with TMZ in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastomas, with as many as 101 cycles, who were treated using GTR. Statistically significant data confirm that median survival correlates with MGMT promoter methylation status as well as with the number of TMZ cycles administered. Long-term TMZ therapy appears feasible and safe.", "pos": "Question: Is 131I therapy and Graves ' disease in a long term observation : euthyroidism a suitable goal . Our experience?\nAnswer: 131I can be the first line treatment for Graves' disease in small-medium thyroids. Calculated doses can achieve a high amount of long term euthyroid patients. Similar results could be expected by fixed doses of 10 mCi.", "neg": "Question: 's it over when it 's over : long-term symptoms in cancer survivors -- a systematic review?\nAnswer: Based on longitudinal and cross-sectional evidence, cancer survivors can experience symptoms for more than 10 years following treatment. These symptoms were present in survivors of all four cancer types who underwent a wide variety of treatment. The results indicate that these symptoms should be evaluated and managed to optimize long-term outcomes.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}183{"query": "Question: Is thiazide-induced hyponatraemia associated with increased water intake and impaired urea-mediated water excretion at low plasma antidiuretic hormone and urine aquaporin-2?\nAnswer: Thiazide diuretics are associated with markedly impaired free water excretion at low ADH and AQP2 in elderly patients. The higher water intake and lower urea excretion in patients points to an important role for polydipsia and urea-mediated water excretion in the pathogenesis of thiazide-induced hyponatraemia.", "pos": "Question: Does the Natural Time Course of Membrane Alterations During Peritoneal Dialysis be Partly Altered by Peritonitis?\nAnswer: On top of the natural course of peritoneal function, peritonitis episodes to some extent influence the time-course of small-solute and fluid transport-especially the transport of solute-free water. Those modifications increase the risk for overhydration.", "neg": "Question: Is physiological saline a biocompatible peritoneal dialysis solution?\nAnswer: 1) Daily infusion of physiological saline into peritoneal cavity may increase the peritoneal lymphatic flow; 2) The significant (apparent) increase in IPV shortly after infusion may suggest increased RISA binding to peritoneal tissues (which may be related to the damage of the tissues, and results in overestimation of the peritoneal fluid absorption rate); 3) Saline is not a biocompatible peritoneal dialysis solution, and should therefore not be used as a control or flush solution.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}184{"query": "Question: Is weight based heparin dosing for thromboembolic disease associated with earlier anticoagulation in surgical patients?\nAnswer: Surgical patients who received an initial weight based UFH infusion achieved earlier therapeutic anticoagulation compared to under-dosed UFH without increasing the occurrence of supratherapeutic PTT levels or hemorrhagic events.", "pos": "Question: Is target weight gain during the first year of hemodialysis therapy associated with patient survival?\nAnswer: The initial fluid removal was related to nutritional markers. The secondary TGW change during the first year of HD treatment calculated after the initial phase of fluid removal was identified as a strong predictor of survival. It was associated with a better food intake whereas the patient case mix was not different. These data highlight the importance of nutrition and food intake in the first year of dialysis therapy and the need for nutritional follow-up and support in incident HD patients. It stresses the need in understanding the key factors associated with food intake in this setting.", "neg": "Question: Does pre-Operative Autologous Blood Donation Affect Pre-Incision Hematocrit in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Patients . A Retrospective Cohort of a Prospective Randomized Trial?\nAnswer: This study supports the use of pre-donation for AIS, without a significant drop in pre-incision Hct. Patients that donate are also much less likely to be exposed to allogenic blood. There may be a surgeon bias to recommend pre-donation in patients with a larger BMI and older age. Future studies are needed from a larger population of patients including those with non-AIS pathology.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}185{"query": "Question: Does prospective international cohort study demonstrate inability of interim PET to predict treatment failure in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma?\nAnswer: This large international cohort delivers 3 novel findings: treatment response assessed by I-PET is comparable across disparate healthcare systems, secondly a negative I-PET findings together with good clinical status identifies a group with an EFS of 98%, and thirdly a single I-PET scan does not differentiate chemoresistant lymphoma from complete response and cannot be used to guide risk-adapted therapy.", "pos": "Question: Does next-generation sequencing survey of biliary tract cancer reveal the association between tumor somatic variants and chemotherapy resistance?\nAnswer: In the largest exploratory analysis of this kind for BTC, 3 prevalent, mutually exclusive mutations represent distinct patient cohorts. These mutations are prognostic and may represent a predictive biomarker for a GP response. Prospective studies to validate these findings are needed, and they should include the incorporation of therapies that exploit the genomic instability observed with these mutations in BTC. Cancer 2016;122:3657-66. © 2016 American Cancer Society.", "neg": "Question: Does integrated FDG-PET/CT make invasive staging of the intrathoracic lymph nodes in non-small cell lung cancer redundant : a prospective study?\nAnswer: The accuracy of integrated FDG-PET/CT scanning is too low to replace invasive intrathoracic lymph node staging in patients with NSCLC. The visual interpretation of the fusion images of the integrated FDG-PET/CT scan can be replaced by the quantitative variable SUV(max)/SUV(liver) without loss of accuracy for intrathoracic lymph node staging.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}186{"query": "Question: Does fungal metabolite myriocin promote human herpes simplex virus-2 infection?\nAnswer: We found that myriocin promotes HSV-2 replication at nanomolar concentrations with yet unknown mechanisms. Further studies may uncover novel mechanisms regulating HSV replication and targets of myriocin action. This may have potential application in enhancing efficacy of oncolytic HSV for cancer therapy and other diseases.", "pos": "Question: Does glioma-derived versican promote tumor expansion via glioma-associated microglial/macrophages Toll-like receptor 2 signaling?\nAnswer: Our results show that versican released from glioma promotes tumor expansion through glioma-associated microglial/macrophage TLR2 signaling and subsequent expression of MT1-MMP. This signaling cascade might be a novel target for glioma therapies.", "neg": "Question: Does herpes simplex virus type 2 coinfection accelerate CD4 count decline in untreated HIV infection?\nAnswer: HSV-2 coinfection was not associated with the rate of CD4 count decline during ART-untreated HIV infection, but was associated with an earlier combined endpoint of ART initiation or CD4 <350 cells/mm(3). Attenuating effects of acyclovir on HIV disease progression observed in recent clinical trials may result from direct anti-HIV activity rather than indirect benefits from HSV-2 suppression.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}187{"query": "Question: Does prenatal zinc reduce stress response in adult rat offspring exposed to lipopolysaccharide during gestation?\nAnswer: Our findings suggest a potential beneficial effect of prenatal zinc, in which the stress response was reduced in offspring that were stricken with infectious/inflammatory processes during gestation.", "pos": "Question: Does zinc treatment ameliorate diarrhea and intestinal inflammation in undernourished rats?\nAnswer: Altogether our findings provide novel mechanisms of zinc action in the setting of diarrhea and undernutrition and support the use of zinc to prevent the vicious cycle of malnutrition and diarrhea.", "neg": "Question: Do anti-oxidant properties of N-acetyl-L-cysteine improve the immune resistance of mice fed dietary lipids to Listeria monocytogenes infection?\nAnswer: On the basis of these results, we can confirm that the administration of NAC improves survival in mice fed LF diet, whereas a reduction in the generation of superoxide radicals was measured in mice fed a FO diet and infected with L. monocytogenes. Similarly, bacterial recovery was diminished in mice fed diets containing LF or HCO. Hence, these data reveal a beneficial effect of NAC in mice fed LF or HCO and a detrimental action of this antioxidant in mice fed diets containing FO or OO.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}188{"query": "Question: Are global histone H3 lysine 27 triple methylation levels reduced in vessels with advanced atherosclerotic plaques?\nAnswer: Together, our data show that in atherosclerosis development alterations in global levels of H3K27Me3 occur. The reduction in the number of nuclei in the tunica media that display the repressive H3K27Me3 mark in vessels with advanced atherosclerosis plaques therefore could be a reflection of the dynamic pattern of smooth muscle cell differentiation and proliferation associated with atherosclerotic disease.", "pos": "Question: Is increased frequency and compromised function of T regulatory cells in systemic sclerosis ( SSc ) related to a diminished CD69 and TGFbeta expression?\nAnswer: These results indicate that soluble factors in SSc plasma inhibit Treg function specifically that is associated with altered Treg CD69 and TGFbeta expression. These data suggest that a defective Treg function may underlie the immune dysfunction in systemic sclerosis.", "neg": "Question: Does myeloid interferon-γ receptor deficiency affect atherosclerosis in LDLR ( -/- ) mice?\nAnswer: Overall, our data argue against a role for myeloid IFNγR2 in atherosclerosis development. Since myeloid IFNγ signaling seems to be nonessential throughout atherogenesis, it is important to understand the mechanisms by which IFNγ acts in atherogenesis. In the future new studies should be performed considering other cell-specific targets.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}189{"query": "Question: Does corn silk maysin induce apoptotic cell death in PC-3 prostate cancer cells via mitochondria-dependent pathway?\nAnswer: These results suggested for the first time that maysin inhibits the PC-3 cancer cell growth via stimulation of mitochondria-dependent apoptotic cell death and may have a strong therapeutic potential for the treatment of either chemo-resistant or androgen-independent human prostate cancer.", "pos": "Question: Does maslinic acid activate mitochondria-dependent apoptotic pathway in cardiac carcinoma?\nAnswer: Our data demonstrated that natural compound, MA, suppressed the growth of cardiac carcinoma by inducing apoptosis via the p38 MAPK/mitochondria/caspase pathway. MA and its derivatives may be promising anti-tumor agents for cardiac carcinoma treatment in the future. (Supplemental Figures available here.).", "neg": "Question: Do dihydrotestosterone and bicalutamide affect periostin expression in androgen-dependent LNCaP prostate cancer cell lines?\nAnswer: We confirmed the role of POSTN in promoting cancer cell growth. Although POSTN transcription is not likely to be androgen-dependent, the fact that increased cell proliferation POSTN-mediated was impaired by BIC suggests an androgen modulation of POSTN interaction proteins.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}190{"query": "Question: Do some Strychnos spinosa ( Loganiaceae ) leaf extracts and fractions have good antimicrobial activities and low cytotoxicities?\nAnswer: The acetone extract and the chloroform fraction had the highest antibacterial activity. By solvent-solvent fractionation it was possible to increase the activity against A. fumigatus and to decrease the cytotoxicity leading to a potentially useful product to protect animals against aspergillosis. Our results therefore support the use of S. spinosa leaves in traditional medicine to treat infectious diseases.", "pos": "Question: Does margaritaria discoidea ( Euphorbiaceae ) stem bark extract attenuate allergy and Freund 's adjuvant-induced arthritis in rodents?\nAnswer: Margaritaria discoidea suppresses allergy and exhibits anti-inflammatory activity in mice. In addition it attenuates Freund's adjuvant-induced arthritis through a reduction in serum levels of TNFα and IL-6 in rats.", "neg": "Question: Do anti-oxidant properties of N-acetyl-L-cysteine improve the immune resistance of mice fed dietary lipids to Listeria monocytogenes infection?\nAnswer: On the basis of these results, we can confirm that the administration of NAC improves survival in mice fed LF diet, whereas a reduction in the generation of superoxide radicals was measured in mice fed a FO diet and infected with L. monocytogenes. Similarly, bacterial recovery was diminished in mice fed diets containing LF or HCO. Hence, these data reveal a beneficial effect of NAC in mice fed LF or HCO and a detrimental action of this antioxidant in mice fed diets containing FO or OO.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}191{"query": "Question: Does maternal immune activation in nonhuman primates alter social attention in juvenile offspring?\nAnswer: In the rhesus monkey model, exposure to MIA at the end of the first trimester results in abnormal gaze patterns to salient social information. The use of noninvasive eye tracking extends the findings from rodent MIA models to more human-like behaviors resembling those in both autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia.", "pos": "Question: Do differential behavior patterns in cynomolgus monkey Macaca fascicularis in home cage in response to human gaze?\nAnswer: These results indicate that, even in their home cage, monkeys display a heightened level of awareness when gazed upon by a human observer, suggesting that human gaze may elicit emotional reactions. Further, under the human gaze, distinct behavioral subpatterns were apparent within the monkey cohort in our study, indicative of subgroups within the cohort.", "neg": "Question: Is latent inhibition in 35-day-old rats an `` adult '' latent inhibition : implications for neurodevelopmental models of schizophrenia?\nAnswer: The results point to functionality within brain systems regulating LI acquisition but not those regulating LI expression in periadolescent rats, further suggesting that postpubertal maturation of the latter systems may underlie schizophrenia-mimicking LI disruption reported in adult rats following perinatal manipulations and possibly disrupted LI observed in schizophrenia.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}192{"query": "Question: Does atractylodes macrocephala Koidz stimulate intestinal epithelial cell migration through a polyamine dependent mechanism?\nAnswer: The results obtained from this study revealed that AMK significantly stimulates the migration of IEC-6 cells through a polyamine dependent mechanism, which could accelerate the healing of intestinal injury. These findings suggest the potential value of AMK in curing intestinal diseases characterized by injury and ineffective repair of the intestinal mucosa in clinical practice.", "pos": "Question: Does docosahexaenoic acid induce M2 macrophage polarization through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ activation?\nAnswer: These findings indicate that DHA can promote resolution of inflammation by facilitating efferocytosis through M2 macrophage polarization. Therefore, DHA may have a therapeutic potential in the management of inflammatory diseases which are related to impaired resolution of inflammation.", "neg": "Question: Does harvest tissue source alter the protective power of stromal cell therapy after intestinal ischemia and reperfusion injury?\nAnswer: Transplantation of MSCs after intestinal I/R injury, irrespective of a tissue source, significantly increases survival and mesenteric perfusion and at the same time limits intestinal damage and inflammation. Further studies are needed to identify the mechanism that these cells use to promote improved outcomes after injury.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}193{"query": "Question: Does chronic exercise normalize changes in Cav 1.2 and KCa 1.1 channels in mesenteric arteries from spontaneously hypertensive rats?\nAnswer: Chronic exercise reduces BP and restores vascular function in MAs from SHR, which might be related to the correction of the Cav 1.2 and KCa 1.1 channel remodelling during hypertension.", "pos": "Question: Does angiotensin II receptor blockade attenuate the deleterious effects of exercise training on post-MI ventricular remodelling in rats?\nAnswer: Following large anterior MI, losartan attenuated LV dilation and scar thinning. In untreated animals, exercise decreased dilation, but also contributed to scar thinning. Therefore, exercise concurrent with blockade of the renin-angiotensin system may provide optimal therapeutic benefit following large anterior MI.", "neg": "Question: Is aortic vasoconstriction related to smooth muscle cells ET-A and ET-B receptors involved in hypoxia-induced sustained systemic arterial hypertension in rats?\nAnswer: This work clearly suggests that, following long term exposure to hypoxia, ET-1 and ET-1 receptors are not involved in the persistence of systemic hypertension in a rat model, and that chronic exposure to severe hypoxic stress was associated with a downregulation of the ET-A receptors response to ET-1.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}194{"query": "Question: Does cXCR3 antagonist VUF10085 bound to an intrahelical site distinct from that of the broad spectrum antagonist TAK-779?\nAnswer: This more detailed definition of a binding pocket within CXCR3 for low MW antagonists should facilitate the rational design of newer CXCR3 antagonists, with obvious clinical potential.", "pos": "Question: Does recombinant kringle 1-3 of plasminogen inhibit rabbit corneal angiogenesis induced by angiogenin?\nAnswer: Recombinant kringle 1-3 appears to inhibit angiogenin-induced angiogenesis in a rabbit corneal pocket assay. Recombinant kringle 1-3 may have therapeutic potential as an antiangiogenic agent.", "neg": "Question: Do papillary muscles attach directly to the solid heart wall?\nAnswer: This new picture of the geometry of the attachment of the PMs to the heart wall may have important implications for the understanding of their function, including the nature of the transmission of the forces between the PMs and the heart wall.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}195{"query": "Question: Does prolonged P wave duration predict stroke mortality among type 2 diabetic patients with prevalent non-major macrovascular disease?\nAnswer: As an easily measurable factor P wave duration merits further studies with higher number of patients to evaluate its importance in the estimation of stroke risk in type 2 diabetic patients with PNMMVD.", "pos": "Question: Is mean platelet volume associated with glycaemic control and retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus?\nAnswer: This study has shown that an increased MPV is closely associated with poor glycaemic control, which may be a risk factor for diabetic retinopathy. Nonetheless, further prospective studies are needed to assess the relationship between MPV, glycaemic indices and microvascular complications.", "neg": "Question: Does sense of coherence moderate the relationship between the perceived impact of stress on health and self-rated health in adults with congenital heart disease?\nAnswer: Our findings support the need for further research on the perceived impact of stress on health. Such insights can be valuable for developing interventions aimed at reducing the negative health consequences of stress in patients with congenital heart disease.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}196{"query": "Question: Do central adenosine A1 and A2A receptors mediate the antinociceptive effects of neuropeptide S in the mouse formalin test?\nAnswer: The above findings suggest that: (i) NPS evokes central antinociceptive effects by activating both A1 and A2A receptors during phase 1, but (ii) only the adenosine A2A receptor during phase 2 of the formalin test.", "pos": "Question: Does pancreatic polypeptide regulate glucagon release through PPYR1 receptors expressed in mouse and human alpha-cells?\nAnswer: Glucose stimulates PP secretion and PP inhibits glucagon release in mouse pancreatic islets. PP receptors are present in alpha-cells of mouse and human pancreatic islets.", "neg": "Question: Does aberrant interleukin-1 signalling increase susceptibility of mice to NOD2-dependent uveitis?\nAnswer: Our findings highlight the complexity of NOD2 activation and IL-1 signalling effects that can be compounded by local environmental factors of the target organ. These observations may impact how we understand the molecular mechanisms by which NOD2 influences inflammation of the eye versus joint, and consequently, treatment options for uveitis versus arthritis.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}197{"query": "Question: Does experimental diabetes mellitus type 1 increase hippocampal content of kynurenic acid in rats?\nAnswer: A novel factor potentially implicated in diabetic hippocampal dysfunction has been identified. Observed increase of KYNA level may stem from the activation of endogenous neuroprotection, however, it may also have negative impact on cognition.", "pos": "Question: Does upregulation of caveolin-1 contribute to aggravated high-salt diet-induced endothelial dysfunction and hypertension in type 1 diabetic rats?\nAnswer: Impaired endothelial Akt activation and increased cav-1 expression and resultant decreased eNOS activation contributes to aggravated high-salt diet-induced endothelial dysfunction and hypertension in DM rats.", "neg": "Question: Does oligofructose affect the development of type 1 diabetes mellitus induced by dietary proteins in the diabetes-prone BB rat model?\nAnswer: In the BB rat model, 5% OF in the diet did not have any protective effects against diet-induced T1DM. The present data do not suggest dietary OF as a promising approach for the dietary prevention of T1DM.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}198{"query": "Question: Does blockade of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway ameliorate delayed gastric emptying in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats?\nAnswer: Inflammation was associated with the development of delayed gastric emptying, and blockade of p38 MAPK pathway with SB203580 ameliorates delayed gastric emptying in diabetic rats, at least in part, by inhibiting the expression of iNOS, TNF-a and IL-1β. Therefore, p38MAPK may serve as a novel target for the therapy of diabetes-related gastrointestinal dysmotility.", "pos": "Question: Does mineralocorticoid Receptor Blockade improve Insulin Sensitivity in the Rat Heart and a Possible Molecular Mechanism?\nAnswer: The above results suggested that aldosterone promoted insulin resistance in the heart and that this effect could be partly reversed by MR blockade through signal transduction in the P38 MAPK pathway and PPARα.", "neg": "Question: Are dexamethasone-induced insulin resistance and pancreatic adaptive response in aging rats modified by oral vanadyl sulfate treatment?\nAnswer: In both young and aging rats, particularly in the latter, hyperinsulinemia and increased in vitro insulin responsiveness to glucose were observed in response to Dex treatment, concomitant with an increase in plasma FFA concentrations. Thus, in glucocorticoid-treated animals, the beta-cell adaptive response occurred in both age groups and could possibly be mediated by increased circulating FFA; however, it was insufficient to prevent hyperglycemia in 60% of aging animals. Oral VOSO(4) administration failed to correct Dex-induced alterations in glucose and lipid metabolism, although it influenced in vitro beta-cell responsiveness to stimuli in aging rats.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}199{"query": "Question: Is high level of plasma matrix metalloproteinase-11 associated with clinicopathological characteristics in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma?\nAnswer: Our study showed that plasma level of MMP-11 may be useful for assessment of the disease progression, especially lymph node metastasis, in patients with OSCC.", "pos": "Question: Does high expression of stathmin protein predict a fulminant course in medulloblastoma?\nAnswer: High stathmin expression correlates with tumor dissemination, is an important prognostic factor of medulloblastoma, and may serve as a useful marker for more intensive adjuvant therapies.", "neg": "Question: Is serum carbohydrate antigen 125 an independent prognostic factor in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia?\nAnswer: The results support a high CA-125 level correlates significantly with many clinical features of advanced stage, poor prognostic factors, and worse TFS and OS. However, CA-125 is not an independent prognostic factor in patients with CLL.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}200{"query": "Question: Is interferon lambda-3 associated with clinical outcome in patients with HCV-induced compensated cirrhosis : a long-term cohort study?\nAnswer: IFN-λ3 determination is fundamental for allocating cirrhotic patients to be treated with IFN, while it has no value in predicting the outcome of the disease.", "pos": "Question: Is the homeostasis model assessment of the insulin resistance score predictive of a sustained virological response in chronic hepatitis C patients?\nAnswer: In this series of treatment-naïve, Caucasian CHC patients at a low risk for the metabolic syndrome, HOMA-IR is not a predictor of SVR, irrespective of the HCV genotype, although it may predict RVR in genotype 3 infection.", "neg": "Question: Does complement C3a predict outcome in cardiac resynchronization therapy of heart failure?\nAnswer: In patients with CRT, elevated C3a levels increase the risk of mortality independent of the NT-proBNP levels or other factors. CRT exerts anti-inflammatory effect by reducing the complement activation.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}201{"query": "Question: Does dorsomedial Prefrontal Cortex mediate the Impact of Serotonin Transporter Linked Polymorphic Region Genotype on Anticipatory Threat Reactions?\nAnswer: The converging results from these experiments demonstrate that innate 5-HTTLPR linked variation in dmPFC activity predicts psychophysiological responsivity to pending threats. Our results reveal a neurogenetic pathway mediating interindividual variability in anticipatory responses to threat and yield a novel mechanistic account for previously reported associations between genetic variability in serotonin transporter function and stress-related psychopathology.", "pos": "Question: Does dorsolateral prefrontal cortex activity predict responsiveness to cognitive-behavioral therapy in schizophrenia?\nAnswer: DLPFC activity and its connectivity with the cerebellum predict responsiveness to CBT for psychosis in schizophrenia. These effects may be mediated by PFC-cerebellum contributions to executive processing.", "neg": "Question: 's it what you think , it 's how you relate to it : dispositional mindfulness moderates the relationship between psychological distress and the cortisol awakening response?\nAnswer: These findings are consistent with the idea that the tendency to describe and accept experiences may buffer the impact of psychological distress on physiological arousal. These metacognitive processes may be important moderators in unraveling the complex relationship between psychological distress and physiological stress reactivity. Further research is recommended to replicate this approach in other populations.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}202{"query": "Question: Does intensity-modulated whole pelvic radiotherapy provide effective dosimetric outcomes for cervical cancer treatment with lower toxicities?\nAnswer: An intensity-modulated radiotherapy plan with appropriate margins encompassing the primary tumour and potential microscopic pelvic disease reduces the dose to organs at risk without compromising target coverage. Intensity-modulated radiotherapy is an appropriate definitive treatment for patients with cervical cancer.", "pos": "Question: Is tumor invasion depth a useful pathologic assessment for predicting outcomes in cervical squamous cell carcinoma after neoadjuvant radiotherapy?\nAnswer: The TID or TIDC measured at the cervical internal surface is a useful and easily applied pathologic prognostic factor for distant metastasis and survival outcomes in patients with cervical squamous cell carcinoma treated with neoadjuvant RT or CCRT.", "neg": "Question: Does irradiation Increase the Penetration Depth of Doxorubicin in Normal Tissue After Pressurized Intra-peritoneal Aerosol Chemotherapy ( PIPAC ) in an Ex Vivo Model?\nAnswer: Irradiation does not increase the penetration depth of doxorubicin into the normal tissue but might have a limiting impact on penetration and distribution of doxorubicin. Further studies are warranted to investigate the impact of addition of irradiation to PIPAC of tumor cells and to find out if irradiation can be used safely as chemopotenting agent for patients with peritoneal metastases treated with PIPAC.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}203{"query": "Question: Does treatment with anti-C5a antibody improve the outcome of H7N9 virus infection in African green monkeys?\nAnswer: Antihuman C5a antibody treatment remarkably reduced the ALI and systemic inflammation induced by H7N9 virus infection. Complement inhibition may be a promising adjunctive therapy for severe viral pneumonia.", "pos": "Question: Is auranofin highly efficacious against Toxoplasma gondii in vitro and in an in vivo experimental model of acute toxoplasmosis?\nAnswer: These results reveal in vitro and in vivo activity of auranofin against T. gondii, suggesting that it may be an effective alternative treatment for toxoplasmosis.", "neg": "Question: Does systemic antibiotic therapy significantly improve outcome in a rat model of implant-associated osteomyelitis induced by Methicillin susceptible Staphylococcus aureus?\nAnswer: Systemic perioperative and implant-associated application of antibiotics were both comparably effective to treat implant-associated infections whereas the combined antibiotic therapy further reduced systemic signs of infection time dependent.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}204{"query": "Question: Are socioeconomic inequalities still a barrier to full child vaccine coverage in the Brazilian Amazon : a cross-sectional study in Assis Brasil , Acre , Brazil?\nAnswer: This study showed that vaccine coverage in the first twelve months of life in Assis Brasil is similar to other areas in the Amazon and it is below the coverage postulated by the Brazilian Ministry of Health. Low vaccine coverage was associated with socioeconomic inequities that still prevail in the Brazilian Amazon. Short and long-term strategies must be taken to update child vaccines and increase vaccine coverage in the Amazon.", "pos": "Question: Are `` These issues n't talked about at home '' : a qualitative study of the sexual and reproductive health information preferences of adolescents in Vanuatu?\nAnswer: Providing adolescents with comprehensive SRH information can have life-long protective benefits, however there are important content gaps in information currently provided in Vanuatu. The broad range of sources preferred by adolescents highlights the need to strengthen information provision through multiple channels to reach in and out-of-school youth and respond to individual needs and contexts.", "neg": "Question: Do urban settings ensure access to services : findings from the immunisation programme in Kampala Uganda?\nAnswer: Complex health system barriers to childhood immunisation still exist in this urban setting; emphasizing that even in urban areas with great physical access, there are hard to reach people. As the rate of urbanization increases especially in sub-Saharan Africa, governments should strengthen health systems to cater for increasing urban populations.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}205{"query": "Question: Does mental fatigue affect maximal anaerobic exercise performance?\nAnswer: Near identical responses in performance and physiological parameters between mental fatigue and control conditions suggest that peripheral mechanisms primarily regulate maximal anaerobic exercise. Whereas mental fatigue can negatively impact submaximal endurance exercise, it appears that explosive power, voluntary maximal strength and anaerobic work capacity are unaffected.", "pos": "Question: Does prolonged mental exertion alter neuromuscular function of the knee extensors?\nAnswer: These findings provide the first experimental evidence that prolonged mental exertion (i) does not reduce maximal muscle activation and (ii) does not increase the extent of central fatigue induced by subsequent endurance exercise. The negative effect of mental fatigue on endurance performance seems to be mediated by the higher perception of effort rather than impaired neuromuscular function.", "neg": "Question: Does combining heat stress and moderate hypoxia reduce cycling time to exhaustion without modifying neuromuscular fatigue characteristics?\nAnswer: Moderate hypoxia in combination with heat stress reduces cycling time to exhaustion without modifying neuromuscular fatigue characteristics. Impaired oxygen delivery or increased cardiovascular strain, increasing relative exercise intensity, may have also contributed to earlier exercise cessation.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}206{"query": "Question: Is tP53 Pro72 allele enriched in oral tongue cancer and frequently mutated in esophageal cancer in India?\nAnswer: Our study revealed the association of Pro72 allele with SCCOT suggesting the effect of this polymorphism on SCCOT risk. Preferential mutation of Pro72 allele exclusively in ESCC indicates the need for further studies to understand the tissue specific effect of p53 polymorphism.", "pos": "Question: Does the RNA editing enzyme APOBEC1 induce somatic mutations and a compatible mutational signature is present in esophageal adenocarcinomas?\nAnswer: Our findings suggest that the ability of APOBEC1 to trigger genetic alterations represents a major layer in its oncogenic potential. Such APOBEC1-induced mutator phenotypes could play a role in the onset of esophageal adenocarcinomas. APOBEC1 could be involved in cancer promotion at the very early stages of carcinogenesis, as it is highly expressed in Barrett's esophagus, a condition often associated with esophageal adenocarcinoma.", "neg": "Question: Is overexpression of p53 in squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue in young patients with no known risk factors associated with mutations in exons 5-9?\nAnswer: These data suggest that the molecular mechanisms by which the young individuals with no risk factors had altered p53 function in oral squamous cell carcinoma may differ from those of the more typical population of individuals who have this malignancy develop.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}207{"query": "Question: Does α-Enolase play a catalytically independent role in doxorubicin-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction?\nAnswer: Our findings provided the evidence that α-enolase has a catalytically independent role in inducing cardiomyocyte apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction, which could be at least partially contributed to the inhibition of AMPK phosphorylation.", "pos": "Question: Does inhibition of endogenous nitric oxide synthase potentiate ischemia-reperfusion-induced myocardial apoptosis via a caspase-3 dependent pathway?\nAnswer: The results of the present study demonstrate that inhibition of endogenous NO synthesis during ischemia and reperfusion leads to an enhanced induction of apoptosis, suggesting that the endogenous NO synthesis protects against apoptotic cell death. Inhibition of NO synthesis thereby activates the caspase cascade, whereas the Bcl-2/Bax protein levels remained unchanged.", "neg": "Question: Is aMPK-dependent inhibitory phosphorylation of ACC essential for maintaining myocardial fatty acid oxidation?\nAnswer: Our findings show AMPK-dependent inactivation of ACC is not essential for the control of myocardial FAO and subsequent cardiac function during a variety of conditions involving AMPK-independent and AMPK-dependent metabolic adaptations.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}208{"query": "Question: Do a qualitative study of the background and in-hospital medicolegal response to female burn injuries in India?\nAnswer: The similarities between accident and intention cluster so tightly as to make them challenging to distinguish, especially given women's understandable reticence to describe burns as non-accidental. The contested status of forensic evidence and a reliance on testimony means that only a minority of cases lead to conviction. The emphasis should be on improving documentation, communication between service providers, and public understanding of the risks of burns.", "pos": "Question: Is health seeking behaviour of parents of burned children in Bangladesh related to family socioeconomics?\nAnswer: Education, economic condition and place of residence were found as the contributory factors in choosing service provider. Education to the parents can contribute in changes in health seeking behaviour which ultimately contribute in reducing morbidity and mortality from childhood burn injuries. Including parent's education a national burn prevention program needs to be developed to combat the devastating child injury, burn.", "neg": "Question: Is high quality acute care for the severely injured consistently available in England , Wales and Northern Ireland : report of a survey by the Trauma Committee , The Royal College of Surgeons of England?\nAnswer: The findings of this survey suggest that high quality care for the severely injured is not available consistently across England, Wales and Northern Ireland, and appear to justify concerns about the ability of the NHS to deal effectively with the current trauma workload and the consequences of a major incident.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}209{"query": "Question: Is african-american race a predictor of seminal vesicle invasion after radical prostatectomy?\nAnswer: AA men have an increased risk of SVI after RP, particularly among men with Gleason ≤ 6 disease. This might represent racial differences in the biology of PCa disease progression, which contribute to poorer outcomes in AA men.", "pos": "Question: Are reclassification rates higher among African American men than Caucasians on active surveillance?\nAnswer: AA men with VLR prostate cancer followed on AS are at significantly higher risk of grade reclassification compared with Caucasians. Therefore, if the goal of AS is to selectively monitor men with low-grade disease, AA men may require alternate selection criteria.", "neg": "Question: Does preoperative serum prostate specific antigen reflect biochemical failure rates after radical prostatectomy in men with large volume cancers?\nAnswer: Percent Gleason grade 4/5, cancer location in the peripheral zone, cancer volume and lymph node involvement have prognostic value in large volume prostate cancer. Cancer location in the peripheral zone and percent Gleason grade 4/5 are the most powerful predictors of biochemical failure in men whose cancer is 6 cc or greater and contained in the prostatic capsule. Preoperative serum PSA is not helpful in distinguishing biochemical failure rates in these large volume cancers whether they are organ confined or not.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}210{"query": "Question: Is self-rated health associated with the length of stay at the intensive care unit and hospital following cardiac surgery?\nAnswer: Lower happiness and self-rated health may influence the outcome of cardiac surgery. Therefore, these variables should be assessed in patients.", "pos": "Question: Does poor self-rated health predict mortality in patients with stable chronic heart failure?\nAnswer: Poor self-rated health predicts mortality in our long-term follow-up of patients with stable chronic heart failure, even after adjustment for established risk predictors. We encourage clinicians to capture patient-reported self-rated health routinely as an easy to assess, clinically meaningful measure and pay extra attention when self-rated health is poor.", "neg": "Question: Do why patients attend cardiac rehabilitation : role of intentions and illness beliefs?\nAnswer: It should now be determined whether interventions aimed at optimising certain perceptions could promote cardiac rehabilitation uptake among those patients who could benefit the most.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}211{"query": "Question: Is integrin-based meningioma cell migration promoted by photon but not by carbon-ion irradiation?\nAnswer: Photon but not carbon-ion IR promotes serum-based meningioma cell migration. Fibronectin receptor integrin ανβ1 signaling can be identified as an important mechanism for serum- and photon-induced migration of WHO class I meningioma cells.", "pos": "Question: Does inflammation-induced chemokine expression in uveal melanoma cell lines stimulate monocyte chemotaxis?\nAnswer: Cytokines derived from activated T cells shifted the UM cell transcriptome toward a more inflammatory state, including upregulation of several chemokines, which led to an increased migration of monocytes. Therefore, UM cells might actively participate in generating a tumor-promoting inflammatory microenvironment.", "neg": "Question: Does [ Hydrocephaly modify neuroblast chain migration in the subventricular zone ( SVZ ) ]?\nAnswer: Sub-chronic hydrocephalus did not modify the proliferation of neural precursors or the migration pattern of neuroblasts in the subventricular zone. This suggests that only the CSF flow and the dissolved signaling proteins are the main regulators of the neuronal migration in vivo.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}212{"query": "Question: Does early-life stress selectively affect gastrointestinal but not behavioral responses in a genetic model of brain-gut axis dysfunction?\nAnswer: Our data suggest that early-life stress, on the background of a genetic predisposition to display an anxiety- and depressive-like phenotype, selectively influences GI function rather than stress-related behaviors. Thus, our findings highlight the importance of genetic predisposition on the outcome of early-life adversity on GI function.", "pos": "Question: Is gut microbiome composition associated with temperament during early childhood?\nAnswer: Differences in gut microbiome composition, including alpha diversity, beta diversity, and abundances of specific bacterial species, were observed in association with temperament in toddlers. This study was cross-sectional and observational and, therefore, does not permit determination of the causal direction of effects. However, if bidirectional brain-gut relationships are present in humans in early life, this may represent an opportunity for intervention relevant to physical as well as mental health disorders.", "neg": "Question: Does disease Activity Explain It All : How Internalizing Symptoms and Caregiver Depressive Symptoms Relate to Health-related Quality of Life Among Youth with Inflammatory Bowel Disease?\nAnswer: Greater DA independently relates to poorer HRQoL. In addition, DA relates to greater child internalizing problems which in turn relate to higher levels of caregiver depressive symptoms and poorer HRQoL. Providers may consider a family-based approach to screen for internalizing problems, especially in patients with active disease, because caregiver and child mood symptoms may partially explain worsening child HRQoL.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}213{"query": "Question: Are historic and current hepatitis B viral DNA and quantitative HBsAg level associated with cirrhosis in non-Asian women with chronic hepatitis B?\nAnswer: Neither historic nor current HBV DNA or the quantitative HBsAg level is associated with the development of HBV-related cirrhosis in non-Asian women.", "pos": "Question: Is hepatitis B virus seropositivity associated with increased risk of carotid atherosclerosis in Taiwanese?\nAnswer: Hepatitis B virus seropositivity was not associated with an increased severity of carotid atherosclerosis in Taiwanese.", "neg": "Question: Is only female age , and not blood type , associated with ovarian reserve?\nAnswer: Blood groups do not constitute a risk or protective factor for ovarian reserve. Therefore, blood groups do not have any predictive value in evaluating ovarian reserve.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}214{"query": "Question: Does patatin-related phospholipase pPLAIIIδ influence auxin-responsive cell morphology and organ size in Arabidopsis and Brassica napus?\nAnswer: These data suggest that the PLAIIIδ gene plays an important role in cell morphology and organ size through its involvement in the regulation of auxin distribution in plants.", "pos": "Question: Does transcriptional profiling of Arabidopsis root hairs and pollen define an apical cell growth signature?\nAnswer: Our results suggest that maintaining apical growth mechanisms synchronized with energy yielding might require a combinatorial network of transcriptional regulation. We propose that this study should constitute the foundation for further genetic and physiological dissection of the mechanisms underlying apical growth of plant cells.", "neg": "Question: Is differential regulation of gene products in newly synthesized Brassica napus allotetraploids related to protein function nor subcellular localization?\nAnswer: Protein identification showed that functionally related polypeptides (isoforms and complex subunits) could be differentially regulated in synthetic B. napus in comparison to its diploid progenitors while such proteins are usually expected to display co-regulation. The genetic redundancy within an allopolyploid could explain why functionally related proteins could display imbalanced levels of expression. No functional category, no metabolic pathway and no subcellular localization was found to be over- or under-represented within non-additive polypeptides, suggesting that the differential regulation of gene products was not related to functional properties of the proteins. Thus, at the protein level, there is no evidence for the \"genomic shock\" expected in neo-polyploids and the overall topology of protein networks and metabolic pathways is conserved in synthetic allotetraploids of B. napus in comparison to its diploid progenitors B. rapa and B. oleracea.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}215{"query": "Question: Does histoscanning have low sensitivity and specificity for seminal vesicle invasion?\nAnswer: HS results did not allow a reliable prediction of SVI within PCa patients. Despite, the application of HS signal volume cut-offs (>0.2 and >0.5 mL), the prediction of SVI within PCa patients remained insufficient.", "pos": "Question: Is single cell segmental aneuploidy detection compromised by S phase?\nAnswer: The results demonstrate that the accuracy to detect segmental chromosomal imbalances is reduced in S-phase cells, which could be a source of misdiagnosis in PGD. Hence, the cell cycle phase of the analyzed cell is of great importance and should be taken into account during the analysis. This knowledge may guide future technological improvements.", "neg": "Question: Do whole mounted radical prostatectomy specimens increase detection of adverse pathological features?\nAnswer: Whole mounted sampling of the radical prostatectomy specimen does not improve detection of adverse pathological features.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}216{"query": "Question: Is low percentage of free prostate-specific antigen ( PSA ) a strong predictor of later detection of prostate cancer among Japanese men with serum levels of total PSA of 4.0 ng/mL or less?\nAnswer: A low %fPSA is a strong predictor of a subsequent diagnosis of prostate cancer among men with tPSA levels ≤4.0 ng/mL. Measurement of %fPSA might enhance the detection of high-grade cancer that warrants aggressive treatment.", "pos": "Question: Does antibacterial therapy improve the effectiveness of prostate cancer detection using prostate-specific antigen in patients with asymptomatic prostatitis?\nAnswer: Using the changes in PSA-related parameters after antibacterial therapy DeltaPSA, DeltaPSAD, and Deltaf/t PSA improve the PC detection rate and decrease unnecessary prostate biopsies in patients with asymptomatic prostatitis.", "neg": "Question: Does preoperative serum prostate specific antigen reflect biochemical failure rates after radical prostatectomy in men with large volume cancers?\nAnswer: Percent Gleason grade 4/5, cancer location in the peripheral zone, cancer volume and lymph node involvement have prognostic value in large volume prostate cancer. Cancer location in the peripheral zone and percent Gleason grade 4/5 are the most powerful predictors of biochemical failure in men whose cancer is 6 cc or greater and contained in the prostatic capsule. Preoperative serum PSA is not helpful in distinguishing biochemical failure rates in these large volume cancers whether they are organ confined or not.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}217{"query": "Question: Is permanent His-bundle pacing feasible , safe , and superior to right ventricular pacing in routine clinical practice?\nAnswer: Permanent HBP without a mapping catheter or a backup right ventricular lead was successfully achieved in 80% of patients. PTh was higher and FT was comparable to those of the RVP group. Clinical outcomes were better in the HBP group than in the RVP group.", "pos": "Question: Is transfemoral aortic valve implantation of Edwards SAPIEN XT without predilatation feasible?\nAnswer: TAVI without predilatation using the transfemoral Edwards SAPIEN XT valve is feasible and safe. Larger studies are required to further evaluate this approach.", "neg": "Question: Is prosthesis-patient mismatch clinically relevant in aortic valve replacement using the Carpentier-Edwards Perimount valve?\nAnswer: The incidence of severe PPM is virtually nonexistent after aortic valve replacement using the Carpentier-Edwards Perimount valve. Moderate PPM is found in 20% of cases and is clinically irrelevant in this population.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}218{"query": "Question: Are clinical and serum-based markers associated with death within 1 year of de novo implant in primary prevention ICD recipients?\nAnswer: Individuals with more comorbidities and elevation of specific serum biomarkers were at increased risk of all-cause mortality despite being deemed as having a reasonable 1-year life expectancy. A simple risk score composed of readily available clinical data and serum biomarkers may better identify patients at high risk of early mortality and improve patient selection and counseling for primary prevention ICD therapy.", "pos": "Question: Does the Intermountain Risk Score predict mortality in trauma patients?\nAnswer: Intermountain Risk Score strongly predicts mortality in trauma patients at this single level I trauma center. The ability to accurately determine a patient's mortality risk at admission makes IMRS a potentially clinically important tool.", "neg": "Question: Is [ Blood glucose levels in the first 24 hours of admission a risk factor for mortality in critical care patients ]?\nAnswer: A total of 2,165 of the 2,554 admitted patients during the study period were included (96.5%). Exclusion criteria were absence of plasma glucose determinations. In the bivariate analysis, first and mean glucose blood levels showed significant differences in mortality rates in absolute figures and also when data were classified stratified in three levels (< 60 mg/dl; 60-110 mg/dl or > 110 mg/dl) or in two (normal values 60 to 110 mg/dl and unusual figures < 60 mg/dl or > 110 mg/dl). These significant differences were lost when a logistic model was applied. From the remaining variables, renal function and NEMS showed to be mortality risks factors in this sample.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}219{"query": "Question: Does astaxanthin prevent TGFβ1-induced pro-fibrogenic gene expression by inhibiting Smad3 activation in hepatic stellate cells?\nAnswer: Taken together, ASTX exerted anti-fibrogenic effects by blocking TGFβ1-signaling, consequently inhibiting the activation of Smad3 pathway in HSCs.", "pos": "Question: Does stat3 signaling activation crosslinking of TGF-β1 in hepatic stellate cell exacerbate liver injury and fibrosis?\nAnswer: We provide a novel role of Stat3 cooperating TGF-β1 in activation and anti-apoptotic effect of HSCs. Stat3 worsens liver fibrosis through the up-regulation of TGF-β1 and fibrotic product expression.", "neg": "Question: Are aPOBEC and iNOS the main intracellular effectors of IFN-gamma-mediated inactivation of Hepatitis B virus replication?\nAnswer: IFN-gamma inhibits HBV replication and up-regulates both iNOS and A3G. However, other pathways appear to have a greater role in IFN-gamma-induced HBV inactivation in the liver.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}220{"query": "Question: Is vitamin D deficiency in mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome patients similar to other cancer patients?\nAnswer: To our knowledge,this is the first study of vitamin D status in CTCL patients. Vitamin D deficiency was present in CTCL and other cancer patients compared with normal and historical controls. Correction of vitamin D deficiency and type of vitamin D supplementation used did not affect the overall clinical disease response.", "pos": "Question: Is serum vitamin D associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Chinese males with normal weight and liver enzymes?\nAnswer: The present study demonstrated that serum 25(OH)D3 levels were inversely associated with NAFLD, even in subjects with normal total body fat, suggesting a potential role of lower levels of vitamin D in the occurrence and development of NAFLD.", "neg": "Question: Is variation in the vitamin D receptor gene associated with risk of colorectal cancer in the Czech Republic?\nAnswer: We conclude that common variation in the VDR gene had little effect on its own on predisposition to sporadic CRC in the Czech population.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}221{"query": "Question: Does genome wide association study identify variants in NBEA associated with migraine in bipolar disorder?\nAnswer: Our study is based on self-reported migraine.", "pos": "Question: Is allodynia associated with a higher prevalence of depression in migraine patients?\nAnswer: This study identified allodynia, in addition to high migraine attack frequency, as a new migraine-specific factor associated with depression.", "neg": "Question: Are migraine headaches associated with a unique depressive symptom profile : results from the Baltimore Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study?\nAnswer: These results suggest that individuals with migraine headaches are more likely to report depressive symptoms but do not display a unique profile of symptoms.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}222{"query": "Question: Is nASH resolution associated with improvements in HDL and triglyceride levels but not improvement in LDL or non-HDL-C levels?\nAnswer: NASH resolution is associated with improvements in TG and HDL but not in other cardiovascular disease risk factors including LDL and non-HDL-C levels. Individuals with resolution of NASH may still be at increased risk of cardiovascular disease. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00063622.", "pos": "Question: Are serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin levels correlated with the complexity and the severity of atherosclerosis in acute coronary syndrome?\nAnswer: NGAL level was positively correlated with lesion complexity and severity of coronary artery disease in patients with NSTE-ACS. Serum NGAL levels on admission are associated with increased burden of atherosclerosis in patients with NSTE-ACS.", "neg": "Question: Does homocysteine-lowering therapy affect inflammatory markers of atherosclerosis in patients with stable coronary artery disease?\nAnswer: In patients with stable CAD, homocysteine-lowering therapy with B-vitamins does not affect levels of inflammatory markers associated with atherogenesis. Failure to reverse inflammatory processes, may partly explain the negative results in clinical secondary B-vitamin intervention trials.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}223{"query": "Question: Is aberrant P-cadherin expression associated to aggressive feline mammary carcinomas?\nAnswer: The results demonstrate a relationship between P-cadherin expression and aggressive biological behaviour of feline mammary carcinomas, suggesting that P-cadherin may be considered an indicator of poor prognosis in this animal species. Moreover, it indicates that, in queens, the aberrant expression of P-cadherin is a better marker of mammary carcinomas aggressive behaviour than the reduction of E-cadherin expression. Further investigation with follow-up studies in feline species should be conducted in order to evaluate the prognostic value of P-cadherin expression in E-cadherin positive carcinomas.", "pos": "Question: Does pTEN loss in biopsy tissue predict poor clinical outcomes in prostate cancer?\nAnswer: PTEN loss at the time of biopsy seems to predict time to development of metastasis, prostate cancer-specific mortality and, for the first time, castration-resistant prostate cancer and response to androgen deprivation therapy after radical prostatectomy. If confirmed by larger studies, this would support the use of PTEN loss as an early marker of aggressive prostate cancer.", "neg": "Question: Are gain-of-function Prolactin Receptor Variants Associated With Breast Cancer and Multiple Fibroadenoma Risk?\nAnswer: PRLR", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}224{"query": "Question: Does casticin inhibit COX-2 and iNOS expression via suppression of NF-κB and MAPK signaling in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated mouse macrophages?\nAnswer: These results suggest that the anti-inflammatory effect of casticin is due to inhibition of proinflammatory cytokines and mediators by blocking the NF-κB, Akt, and MAPK signaling pathways.", "pos": "Question: Does a novel N-acetyl-glucosamine lectin of Lonchocarpus araripensis attenuate acute cellular inflammation in mice?\nAnswer: The novel N-acetyl-D-glucosamine-binding lectin isolated from L. araripensis seeds presents anti-inflammatory effect involving the lectin domain and the inhibition of 5-HT, BK, PGE2, NO, TNF-α and leukocyte rolling and adhesion.", "neg": "Question: Does inhibition of the tissue factor/factor VIIa pathway influence the inflammatory or antibacterial response to abdominal sepsis induced by Escherichia coli in mice?\nAnswer: These data suggest that TF/FVIIa activity contributes to the activation of coagulation during E. coli peritonitis but does not play a role in the inflammatory response or antibacterial host defense.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}225{"query": "Question: Do transcriptome sequencing and comparative analysis reveal long-term flowing mechanisms in Hevea brasiliensis latex?\nAnswer: We conducted high-resolution transcriptome profiling related to LFL in H. brasiliensis. The research facilitates further studies on gene discovery and on the molecular mechanisms related to the estimation of tapping intensity and prolonging latex flowing time. We concluded that it was necessary to improve energy supplies for intensive tapping and the copper ion content of rubber tree latex could be considered as a standard to estimate tapping intensity.", "pos": "Question: Does global transcriptional analysis suggest Lasiodiplodia theobromae pathogenicity factors involved in modulation of grapevine defensive response?\nAnswer: L. theobromae transcriptome was established and validated. Its usefulness was demonstrated through the identification of genes expressed during the infection process. Our results support the hypothesis that heat stress facilitates fungal colonization, because of the fungus ability to use the phenylpropanoid precursors and SA, both compounds known to control host defense.", "neg": "Question: Does the search for DNA homology limit stable homologous pairing promoted by RecA protein?\nAnswer: We conclude that, during the formation of synaptic complexes by RecA, the search for homology is not rate-limiting, and that the iteration frequency of the search is around 10(2)-10(3) s-1. This value agrees well with what has been calculated as the minimum number for such a frequency in genome-wide searches, and limits the possible structures involved in the search for homology to those involving very soft (low energy) interactions. Furthermore, from the order of the reaction at the DNA concentrations found in eukaryotic nuclei, and the rate constant of the overall reaction, we predict that the search for homology is also not the rate-limiting step in the genome-wide searches implicated in meiosis and in gene targeting.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}226{"query": "Question: Does cannabidiol fail to reverse hypothermia or locomotor suppression induced by Δ ( 9 ) -tetrahydrocannabinol in Sprague-Dawley rats?\nAnswer: There is no evidence from this study that elevated CBD content in cannabis could provide protection from the physiological effects of THC, in rats.", "pos": "Question: Does bilateral L1 and L2 dorsal root ganglion block for discogenic low-back pain?\nAnswer: We conclude that blocks of this nociceptive pathway in humans using bilateral DRG blocks has no therapeutic value.", "neg": "Question: Does oral antioxidant supplementation prevent acute mountain sickness : double blind , randomized placebo-controlled trial?\nAnswer: This trial found no evidence of benefit from antioxidant supplementation at high altitude.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}227{"query": "Question: Does miR-1228 promote the proliferation and metastasis of hepatoma cells through a p53 forward feedback loop?\nAnswer: miR-1228 functions as an oncogene by promoting cell cycle progression and cell mobility and negatively regulates the expression of p53. p53 downregulation in turn leads to an increase in miR-1228 expression, thereby forming a positive feedback loop that contributes to cancerogenesis in HCC.", "pos": "Question: Do inflammatory cytokines promote the retrodifferentiation of tumor-derived hepatocyte-like cells to progenitor cells?\nAnswer: Cancer progenitor cells (or metastasis progenitors) may derive from tumor-derived hepatocyte-like cells in an inflammatory environment that is frequently associated with HCC.", "neg": "Question: Are p16INK4A gene alterations a prognostic indicator for survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing curative hepatectomy?\nAnswer: p16INK4A is altered frequently and early in HCC, being the predominant mechanism of inactivation promoter hypermethylation. The present results suggest that the p16INK4A gene plays an important role in the pathogenesis of HCC.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}228{"query": "Question: Does over-expression of small ubiquitin-like modifier proteases 1 predict chemo-sensitivity and poor survival in non-small cell lung cancer?\nAnswer: SENP1 may be a promising predictor of survival, a predictive factor of chemo-sensitivity for NSCLC patients, and potentially a desirable drug target for lung carcinoma target therapy.", "pos": "Question: Does rNAi screen identify a synthetic lethal interaction between PIM1 overexpression and PLK1 inhibition?\nAnswer: Our findings demonstrate that PIM1-overexpressing cancer cells are particularly sensitive to PLK1 inhibition, suggesting that PIM1 might be used as a marker for identifying patients who will benefit from PLK1 inhibitor treatment.", "neg": "Question: Does potential prognostic marker ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase-L1 predict patient survival in non-small cell lung carcinoma?\nAnswer: Although UCH-L1 appears to be involved in carcinogenic processes in NSCLC cell lines, the absence of correlation with patient survival indicates that caution is required in the use of UCH-L1 as a potential prognostic marker for advanced stage and metastasis in lung carcinoma.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}229{"query": "Question: Is wnt signaling involved in 6-benzylthioinosine-induced AML cell differentiation?\nAnswer: Both canonical and non-canonical Wnt signaling were involved in 6-BT-induced differentiation of HL-60 cells, and played opposite roles in this process. Wnt signaling could be involved in the pathogenesis of AML not only by regulating self-renewal of hematopoietic stem cells, but also by playing a role in the differentiation of AML cells.", "pos": "Question: Does a protein complex containing Inscuteable and the Galpha-binding protein Pins orient asymmetric cell divisions in Drosophila?\nAnswer: Pins and Inscuteable are dependent on each other for asymmetric localisation in delaminated neuroblasts. The binding of Pins to Galpha protein offers the intriguing possibility that Inscuteable and Pins might orient asymmetric cell divisions by localising or locally modulating a heterotrimeric G-protein signalling cascade at the apical cell cortex.", "neg": "Question: Does neosquamous epithelium typically arise from Barrett 's epithelium?\nAnswer: Our mutational data support the hypothesis that, in most circumstances, NSE originates in cells different from those responsible for self-renewal of Barrett's epithelium. However, in one case, NSE and Barrett's epithelium seem to have arisen from a progenitor cell that was capable of differentiating into either intestinal metaplasia or NSE.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}230{"query": "Question: Does ginsenoside Rg3 improve erectile function in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats?\nAnswer: Oral gavage with Rg3 appears to both prevent degeneration of neurons in the dorsal nerves and exert an antioxidant effect in the corpus cavernosum of rats.", "pos": "Question: Does sulforaphane prevent Neuronal Apoptosis and Memory Impairment in Diabetic Rats?\nAnswer: SFN could prevent the memory impairment and apoptosis of hippocampal neurons in diabetic rat. The possible mechanism was related to the regulation of neurotropic factors and Akt/GSK3β pathway.", "neg": "Question: Does application of Evicel to cavernous nerves of the rat influence erectile function in vivo?\nAnswer: These data suggest that the hemostatic agent, Evicel, is safe in an experimental rat model of erection physiology, with no detrimental effects on neuroregulatory control of erection.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}231{"query": "Question: Does serum alanine aminotransferase predict the histological course of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in Japanese patients?\nAnswer: A lack of reduction in serum ALT level by at least 30% from baseline was a predictor for histological progression in patients with NASH. Serum ALT level is a better predictor of histological change than insulin resistance or bodyweight and can be a valid index in treatment. Serum ALT should be strictly controlled to prevent liver histological progression in patients with NASH.", "pos": "Question: Is low percentage of free prostate-specific antigen ( PSA ) a strong predictor of later detection of prostate cancer among Japanese men with serum levels of total PSA of 4.0 ng/mL or less?\nAnswer: A low %fPSA is a strong predictor of a subsequent diagnosis of prostate cancer among men with tPSA levels ≤4.0 ng/mL. Measurement of %fPSA might enhance the detection of high-grade cancer that warrants aggressive treatment.", "neg": "Question: Does serum sodium based modification of the MELD improve prediction of outcome in acute liver failure?\nAnswer: We validated the prognostic value of MELD-Na and UKELD in ALF. Classic MELD score calculations performed superior to KCC in the prediction of NSR. Serum Na and Na-based modifications of MELD did not further improve its prognostic value.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}232{"query": "Question: Does hepatic Notch2 deficiency lead to bile duct agenesis perinatally and secondary bile duct formation after weaning?\nAnswer: Cholangiocyte differentiation becomes progressively less dependent on NOTCH2 signaling with age, suggesting that ductal-plate formation is dependent on NOTCH2, but subsequent cholangiocyte differentiation is not.", "pos": "Question: Does canals of Hering loss relate to the progression of the histological stages of primary biliary cirrhosis?\nAnswer: The number of CoH was low in early stages and further decreased with stage progression in PBC. CoH loss, reflecting a reduced supply of progenitor cells to the biliary tree, may be involved in the histological progression of PBC.", "neg": "Question: Are lesion progression and plaque composition altered in older apoE-/- mice lacking tumor necrosis factor-alpha receptor p55?\nAnswer: Progression and destabilization of advanced atherosclerotic lesions does not seem to be mediated via the TNF-alpha receptor p55.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}233{"query": "Question: Does recipient T cell TIM-3 and hepatocyte galectin-9 signalling protect mouse liver transplants against ischemia-reperfusion injury?\nAnswer: Harnessing TIM-3/Gal-9 signalling at the T cell-hepatocyte interface facilitates homeostasis in IR-stressed orthotopic liver transplants. Enhancing anti-oxidant hepatocyte Gal-9 potentiates liver IR-resistance. Negative regulation by recipient TIM-3+CD4+ cells provides evidence for cytoprotective functions of a discrete T cell subset, which should be spared when applying T cell-targeted immunosuppression in transplant recipients.", "pos": "Question: Does ginsenoside Rg1 protect mouse liver against ischemia-reperfusion injury through anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptosis properties?\nAnswer: Pretreatment of mice with Rg1 reduced hepatocellular apoptosis and inhibited inflammatory response, which was in part through the NF-κB signaling pathway. Rg1 may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of IR-induced liver injury.", "neg": "Question: Does targeting factor VIII expression to platelets for hemophilia A gene therapy induce an apparent thrombotic risk in mice?\nAnswer: Background Targeting factor (F) VIII expression to platelets is a promising gene therapy approach for hemophilia A, and is successful even in the presence of inhibitors. It is well known that platelets play important roles not only in hemostasis, but also in thrombosis and inflammation. Objective To evaluate whether platelet-FVIII expression might increase thrombotic risk and thereby compromise the safety of this approach. Methods In this study, platelet-FVIII-expressing transgenic mice were examined either in steady-state conditions or under prothrombotic conditions induced by inflammation or the FV Leiden mutation. Native whole blood thrombin generation assay, rotational thromboelastometry analysis and ferric chloride-induced vessel injury were used to evaluate the hemostatic properties. Various parameters associated with thrombosis risk, including D-dimer, thrombin-antithrombin complexes, fibrinogen, tissue fibrin deposition, platelet activation status and activatability, and platelet-leukocyte aggregates, were assessed. Results We generated a new line of transgenic mice that expressed 30-fold higher levels of platelet-expressed FVIII than are therapeutically required to restore hemostasis in hemophilic mice. Under both steady-state conditions and prothrombotic conditions induced by lipopolysaccharide-mediated inflammation or the FV Leiden mutation, supratherapeutic levels of platelet-expressed FVIII did not appear to be thrombogenic. Furthermore, FVIII-expressing platelets were neither hyperactivated nor hyperactivatable upon agonist activation. Conclusion We conclude that, in mice, more than 30-fold higher levels of platelet-expressed FVIII than are required for therapeutic efficacy in hemophilia A are not associated with a thrombotic predilection.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}234{"query": "Question: Does contrast enhancement pattern on multidetector CT predict malignancy in pancreatic endocrine tumours?\nAnswer: Correlating with the lesion grading and other histological prognostic predictors, CEP may preoperatively suggest the behaviour of pNETs, assisting decisions about treatment. Moreover CEP allows recognition of malignant small tumours, incorrectly classified on the basis of their dimension.", "pos": "Question: Does presence of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Suspicious Lesion predict Gleason 7 or Greater Prostate Cancer in Biopsy-Naive Patients?\nAnswer: Prostate MRI should be considered prior to biopsy in all patients presenting with clinical suspicion for PCa, as presence of a MSR will help guide prebiopsy counseling and provide an opportunity for MRI targeting during biopsy.", "neg": "Question: Does volume of lymphatic metastases independently influence prognosis in colorectal cancer?\nAnswer: The number of nodes involved with metastatic tumor, rather the volume of metastatic involvement of the regional lymph nodes, predicts outcome. These results suggest that micrometastatic disease may have a similar prognosis as macrometastatic disease when the same number of lymph nodes are involved with metastatic tumor.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}235{"query": "Question: Does ketamine inhibit proliferation of neural stem cell from neonatal rat hippocampus in vitro?\nAnswer: Ketamine inhibited proliferation of NSCs from neonatal rat hippocampus in vitro. Suppressing Ca(2+)-PKCα-ERK1/2 signaling pathway may be involved in this inhibitory effect of ketamine on NSCs proliferation.", "pos": "Question: Do increased litter size and suckling intensity inhibit KiSS-1 mRNA expression in rat arcuate nucleus?\nAnswer: Increased litter size and suckling intensity decreased KiSS-1 mRNA expression in the ARC which may contribute to lactation anestrus in rat.", "neg": "Question: Are sodium channel-blocking agents of benefit to rats with kaolin-induced hydrocephalus?\nAnswer: Protection of hydrocephalic brains through pharmacological sodium channel blockade is probably an approach not worth pursuing.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}236{"query": "Question: Does iTRAQ-based quantitative proteome and phosphoprotein characterization reveal the central metabolism changes involved in wheat grain development?\nAnswer: Our results revealed a complex quantitative proteome and phosphorylation profile during wheat grain development. Numerous DEPs are involved in grain starch and protein syntheses as well as adverse defense, which set an important basis for wheat yield and quality. Particularly, some key DEPs involved in starch biosynthesis and stress/defense were phosphorylated, suggesting their roles in wheat grain development.", "pos": "Question: Does transcriptional profiling in response to terminal drought stress reveal differential responses along the wheat genome?\nAnswer: Bread and durum wheat genotypes were characterized by a different physiological reaction to water stress and by a substantially different molecular response. The genome organization accounted for differences in the expression level of hundreds of genes located on the D genome or controlled by regulators located on the D genome. When a genomic stress (deletion of a chromosomal region) was combined with low water availability, a molecular response based on the activation of transposons and retrotransposons was observed.", "neg": "Question: Does iGF-1 moderate the time-dependent transcriptional patterns of key homeostatic genes induced by sustained compression of bovine cartilage?\nAnswer: Sustained compression markedly altered the effects of IGF-1 on expression of genes involved in cartilage homeostasis, while IGF-1 was largely unable to moderate the transcriptional effects of compression alone. The demonstrated co-expressed gene pairings suggest a balance of anabolic and catabolic activity following simultaneous mechanical and growth factor stimuli.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}237{"query": "Question: Are low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin d concentrations associated with increased risk for melanoma and unfavourable prognosis?\nAnswer: Our data support the concept that serum 25(OH)D concentrations are associated with risk and prognosis of melanoma. Whether normalizing serum 25(OH)D concentrations in these patients improves outcomes will require testing in future clinical trials.", "pos": "Question: Are subnormal levels of vitamin D associated with acute wheeze in young children?\nAnswer: Our findings support the hypothesis that subnormal levels of vitamin D are associated with acute wheeze in young children.", "neg": "Question: Does timing of excessive ultraviolet radiation and melanoma : epidemiology support the existence of a critical period of high susceptibility to solar ultraviolet radiation- induced melanoma?\nAnswer: Our data do not provide supporting evidence for the existence of a 'critical period'. The hazardous impact of sunburns seems to persist lifelong and thus activities concerned with melanoma prevention should be directed to the entire population rather than being focused only on younger age groups.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}238{"query": "Question: Does [ Descriptive study of healthcare professionals ' management of tick bite ]?\nAnswer: We conclude that the performance of the healthcare providers that integrate this study does not closely follow general recommendations for extraction, treatment and follow-up care in patients with tick bites. Therefore, there is a need to improve the level of knowledge to ensure quality care in these instances.", "pos": "Question: Are `` There bugs in condoms '' : Tanzanian close-to-community providers ' ability to offer effective adolescent reproductive health services?\nAnswer: Although close-to-community providers are considered a key resource in the community, most have limited capacity to provide ARH services. Without capacity-building investments such as training and cooperation with the mainstream health sector, their contribution to positive reproductive health outcomes is limited, or could indeed lead to adverse outcomes.", "neg": "Question: Do internal medicine residents accurately assess their medical knowledge?\nAnswer: IM residents did not accurately predict their own level of medical knowledge. Taking the examination and experience with previous exams does not appear to improve the ability of these IM residents to predict their performance. Residents need to be taught to rely on the results of standardized examinations such as the ITE to best assess their overall medical knowledge. The factors important for accurate self-assessment of medical knowledge in individual clinical situations remain unexplored.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}239{"query": "Question: Do left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and ejection fraction correlate independently with high-sensitivity cardiac troponin-T concentrations in stable heart failure?\nAnswer: In patients with stable chronic HF, LVEDP and LVEF correlate with the serum concentrations of hs-cTnT, independently of other correlates of elevated plasma concentrations of hs-cTnT.", "pos": "Question: Is cardiovascular variability similarly altered in coronary patients with normal left ventricular function and in heart failure patients?\nAnswer: Our study shows that in coronary patients with no MI and no left ventricular dysfunction, there is a profound alteration of both HR and BP variability as in CHF patients, presumably because of a marked impairment of the autonomic modulation of the heart and blood vessels.", "neg": "Question: Does systolic blood pressure reliably identify vasoactive status in chronic heart failure?\nAnswer: Measurement of systolic BP alone does not reliably indicate the degree of vasoconstriction or vasodilation that exists in patients with CHF. Measurement of SVRI by ICG may help guide determination of need and tolerance for vasodilating medications in CHF.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}240{"query": "Question: Does image-guided placement of long-term central venous catheters reduce complications and cost?\nAnswer: This review supports the use of US for CVC placement with fluoroscopy in reducing the rate of procedural complications. Additionally, with fluoroscopic imaging, postprocedural CXR can be eliminated with associated healthcare savings.", "pos": "Question: Is a sheathless retrograde approach via the popliteal artery useful and safe for treating chronic total occlusions in the superficial femoral artery?\nAnswer: Based on this retrospective analysis, the use of a microcatheter for SFA CTO retrograde access appears to be superior to 4-F or 6-F sheaths in terms of shorter time to hemostasis and fewer complications.", "neg": "Question: Is endoscopic subureteral injection less expensive than outpatient open reimplantation for unilateral vesicoureteral reflux?\nAnswer: In terms of total system reimbursement it is less expensive in our system to treat unilateral vesicoureteral reflux with unilateral extravesical reimplantation than with subureteral Deflux injection using dextranomer-hyaluronic acid. The ability to perform unilateral reimplantation as an outpatient procedure has shifted this relationship.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}241{"query": "Question: Does exosome-mediated transfer of miR-10b promote cell invasion in breast cancer?\nAnswer: Together, our results suggest that a set of specific microRNAs may play an important role in modulating tumor microenvironment through exosomes. Thus, a better understanding of this process may aid in the development of novel therapeutic agents.", "pos": "Question: Does metastasis-associated protein ribosomal RNA processing 1 homolog B ( RRP1B ) modulate metastasis through regulation of histone methylation?\nAnswer: RRP1B, a breast cancer metastasis suppressor, regulates gene expression through heterochromatinization and transcriptional repression, which helps our understanding of mechanisms that drive prognostic gene expression in human breast cancer.", "neg": "Question: Is mRNA expression of RRM1 , ERCC1 and ERCC2 associated with chemosensitivity to cisplatin , carboplatin and gemcitabine in human lung cancer cell lines?\nAnswer: These in vitro results suggest that further studies are needed to evaluate the expression of the RRM1, ERCC1 and ERCC2 genes as predictive biomarkers for sensitivity to platinum agents and gemcitabine.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}242{"query": "Question: Does biolimus-eluting stent with biodegradable polymer improve clinical outcomes in patients with acute myocardial infarction?\nAnswer: BES, compared with SES, significantly improved safety and efficacy outcomes in patients with AMI, especially those with STEMI, at 5-year follow-up.", "pos": "Question: Does pulmonary morbidity improve after autologous stem cell transplantation in POEMS syndrome?\nAnswer: Patients with POEMS syndrome treated with aPBSCT have significant improvement in PFTs, respiratory muscle strength, imaging, and post-transplant IL-6. The improvement in PFTs persists during long-term follow-up.", "neg": "Question: Stenosis carotid artery stenting in high risk patients with carotid artery eligible for endarterectomy : clinical outcome after 5 years?\nAnswer: This study confirms that stent procedures are beneficial for symptomatic carotid stenosis in patients not eligible for surgery.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}243{"query": "Question: Does triptolide inhibit TGF-β1-induced cell proliferation in rat airway smooth muscle cells by suppressing Smad signaling?\nAnswer: Triptolide may function as an inhibitor of asthma airway remodeling by suppressing ASMCs proliferation via negative regulation of Smad signaling pathway.", "pos": "Question: Does chemerin suppress murine allergic asthma by inhibiting CCL2 production and subsequent airway recruitment of inflammatory dendritic cells?\nAnswer: Our study demonstrates that chemerin plays a protective role in allergic asthma by suppressing airway recruitment of inflammatory CD11c(+) CD11b(+) DCs through the inhibition of CCL2 secretion by active lung epithelial cells.", "neg": "Question: Does methylprednisolone enhance the surfactant effects on oxygenation and histology in paraquat-induced rat lung injury?\nAnswer: Intratracheal instillation of surfactant improves gas exchange, ameliorates lung inflammation and results in less lung damage in paraquat-induced rat lung injury. Surfactant with methylprednisolone pretreatment decreases inflammatory cell infiltration, but cannot further improve oxygenation and lung histology.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}244{"query": "Question: Are aerobic capacity and upper limb strength reduced in women diagnosed with breast cancer : a systematic review?\nAnswer: Aerobic capacity and upper extremity strength in women diagnosed with breast cancer are generally lower than population norms. Assessment of values for lower extremity strength is less conclusive. As more research is published, expected values for sub-groups by age, treatment, and co-morbidities should be developed. [Neil-Sztramko SE, Kirkham AA, Hung SH, Niksirat N, Nishikawa K Campbell KL (2014) Aerobic capacity and upper limb strength are reduced in women diagnosed with breast cancer: a systematic review.Journal of Physiotherapy60: 189-200].", "pos": "Question: Does health indicators associated with fall among middle-aged and older women enrolled in an evidence-based program?\nAnswer: Findings have implications for identifying at-risk older women upon enrollment, expanding the reach of AMOB/VLL, and leveraging AMOB/VLL to refer participants to other evidence-based exercise, disease management, and mental health interventions.", "neg": "Question: Is weight training harmful for women with breast cancer-related lymphoedema : a systematic review?\nAnswer: Weight training appears to be safe and beneficial in improving limb strength and physical components of quality of life in women with or at risk of lymphoedema. Pressure garments, supervision and limiting the intensity of the weight training may each be important, but this could not be confirmed with this review.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}245{"query": "Question: Is same-day intrauterine device placement rarely complicated by pelvic infection?\nAnswer: Same-day IUD placement was not associated with higher rates of PID. Concern for asymptomatic STI should not delay IUD placement, and efforts to increase the uptake of this highly effective reversible contraception should not be limited to populations at low risk of STI.", "pos": "Question: Is position-related injury uncommon in robotic gynecologic surgery?\nAnswer: The incidence of position-related injury among women undergoing robotic surgery was extremely low (0.8%). Due to the low incidence we were unable to identify modifiable risk factors for position-related injury following robotic surgery. A standardized, team-oriented approach may significantly decrease position-related injuries following robotic gynecologic surgery.", "neg": "Question: Is seropositivity to multiple sexually transmitted infections common?\nAnswer: Seropositivity to multiple STIs is not common. This fits the concept of different transmission probabilities and the spread of the STIs, and suggests that seropositivity alone should be used with caution as a surrogate to sexual behavior in women.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}246{"query": "Question: Do obese first-degree relatives of patients with type 2 diabetes with elevated triglyceride levels exhibit increased β-cell function?\nAnswer: We characterized FDR-T2DM subjects from central Mexico with NGT and revealed a class of obese subjects with elevated TGs and β-cell function, which may precede PT2DM.", "pos": "Question: Are obesity-related genomic loci associated with type 2 diabetes in a Han Chinese population?\nAnswer: This study indicates that obesity-related genomic loci were associated with type 2 diabetes and glycemic traits in the Han Chinese population.", "neg": "Question: Do nondiabetic Mexican-Americans have reduced insulin responses relative to nondiabetic non-Hispanic whites?\nAnswer: These results suggest that increased insulin resistance rather than decreased insulin secretion is characteristic of nondiabetic Mexican-Americans, a high-risk population for NIDDM.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}247{"query": "Question: Do identification of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ( MRSA ) strains isolated from burn patients by multiplex PCR?\nAnswer: This study presented a high MRSA rate in the region under investigation. The 16S rRNA-mecA-nuc multiplex PCR is a good tool for the rapid characterization of MRSA strains. This paper emphasizes the need for preventive measures and choosing effective antimicrobials against MRSA and MRCoNS infections in the burn units.", "pos": "Question: Do gram negative wound infection in hospitalised adult burn patients -- systematic review and metanalysis-?\nAnswer: Gram-negative infections predominate in burn surgery. This study is the first to establish that burn wound infections do not differ significantly between burn centres. It is the first study to report the pathogens responsible for the majority of Gram-negative infections in these patients. Whilst burn wound infection is not exclusive to these bacteria, it is hoped that reporting the presence of this group of common Gram-negative \"target organisms\" facilitate clinical practice and target research towards a defined clinical demand.", "neg": "Question: Does prolonged bacterial exposure to minocycline/rifampicin-impregnated vascular catheters affect antimicrobial activity of catheters?\nAnswer: Minocycline/rifampicin-impregnated catheters remain effective against MSSA, MRSA, MRSE and VRE, as evidenced by stable zones of inhibition following 21 day sequential exposure to these catheters. The increase in MIC of rifampicin for MRSA may be clinically relevant if the catheter remains in place for >12 days though the strain remained susceptible to minocycline, there was no concurrent increase in the MIC of other tested drugs, and the zones of inhibition remained stable.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}248{"query": "Question: Is coexpression of IQ-domain GTPase-activating protein 1 ( IQGAP1 ) and Dishevelled ( Dvl ) correlated with poor prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer?\nAnswer: Coexpression of IQGAP1 and Dvl in the cytoplasm and nucleus was correlated with the lymph nodal metastase and poor prognosis of NSCLC, and coexpression in nucleus might play a critical role in the activation of canonical Wnt pathway.", "pos": "Question: Is overexpression of β-Catenin and Cyclin D1 Associated with Poor Overall Survival in Patients with Stage IA-IIA Squamous Cell Lung Cancer Irrespective of Adjuvant Chemotherapy?\nAnswer: The present study suggests that simultaneous overexpression of β-catenin and cyclin D1 may be associated with poor overall survival irrespective of platinum-based adjuvant chemotherapy in stage IA-IIA squamous cell carcinoma of the lung.", "neg": "Question: Does potential prognostic marker ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase-L1 predict patient survival in non-small cell lung carcinoma?\nAnswer: Although UCH-L1 appears to be involved in carcinogenic processes in NSCLC cell lines, the absence of correlation with patient survival indicates that caution is required in the use of UCH-L1 as a potential prognostic marker for advanced stage and metastasis in lung carcinoma.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}249{"query": "Question: Do ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants used for pregnant women׳s health conditions in Menoua division-West Cameroon?\nAnswer: Many herbal remedies used for the treatment of pregnant women׳s health conditions in Menoua division-West Cameroon have been revealed. It would therefore be judicious for our government and research institution to evaluate the therapeutic and toxicological potentials of these plants in order to valorize their use.", "pos": "Question: Is isatis canescens a rich source of glucobrassicin and other health-promoting compounds?\nAnswer: I. canescens flower buds represent a naturally rich source of GBS, at a level suitable for its purification. Furthermore, flower bud consumption could provide an intake of health-promoting compounds, with possible antioxidant and chemopreventive properties.", "neg": "Question: Do why primiparous mothers breastfeed in the United States : a national survey?\nAnswer: Additional studies are needed to better understand why women \"prefer to bottle feed\", especially black women. Increasingly effective programs and policies to promote breastfeeding will logically follow. Since physical and medical problems are such common reasons both for never breastfeeding and for stopping breastfeeding, individual healthcare providers can have a significant impact on breastfeeding rates and duration.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}250{"query": "Question: Does shexiang Tongxin dropping pill attenuate atherosclerotic lesions in ApoE deficient mouse model?\nAnswer: Our results demonstrated for the first time that STDP attenuated atherosclerotic lesions in ApoE(-/-) mouse model. Moreover, STDP treatment exhibited multi-targeting effects on pathological, biochemical and molecular aspects of atherosclerosis implicating lipid regulation, fibrosis, inflammation and oxidative stress. Findings from the current study warrant further evaluation of the clinical application of STDP in atherosclerosis treatment.", "pos": "Question: Does plasmalogen modulation attenuate atherosclerosis in ApoE- and ApoE/GPx1-deficient mice?\nAnswer: Plasmalogen enrichment via batyl alcohol supplementation attenuated atherosclerosis in ApoE- and ApoE/GPx1-deficient mice, with a greater effect in the latter group. Plasmalogen enrichment may represent a viable therapeutic strategy to prevent atherosclerosis and reduce cardiovascular disease risk, particularly under conditions of elevated oxidative stress and inflammation.", "neg": "Question: Does acute or subchronic clozapine treatment ameliorate prepulse inhibition ( PPI ) deficits in CPB-K mice with low levels of hippocampal NMDA receptor density?\nAnswer: In summary, (1) this study confirmed our working hypothesis: Lower levels of hippocampal glutamatergic receptor densities correspond to lower sensorimotor gating in CPB-K mice, and (2) acute or subchronic treatment with CLZ did not elevate low PPI levels in CPB-K mice. Thus, further experiments will concentrate on other antipsychotic drugs to prove the predictive validity of this animal model.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}251{"query": "Question: Do aCTN3 R577X genotypes associate with Class II and deepbite malocclusions?\nAnswer: ACTN3 577XX is overrepresented in subjects with skeletal Class II malocclusion, suggesting a biologic influence during bone growth. ACTN3 577XX is underrepresented in subjects with deepbite malocclusion, suggesting that muscle differences contribute to variations in vertical facial dimensions.", "pos": "Question: Is a trabecular plate-like phenotype overrepresented in Chinese-American versus Caucasian women?\nAnswer: Using extreme phenotype selection, we defined a plate- and rod-like trabecular bone phenotype for the TPR ratio trait. The former phenotype is more common in Chinese-American women, while the latter is more typical of Caucasian women. The robustness of these phenotypic associations after controlling for differences in constitution and lifestyle suggest that the TPR ratio may have a genetic basis and that the extreme phenotypes defined in this analysis can be utilized for future studies.", "neg": "Question: Is the highly prevalent H3F3A mutation in giant cell tumours of bone shared by sporadic central giant cell lesion of the jaws?\nAnswer: On the basis of our findings, H3F3A p.Gly34 Trp or p.Gly34 Leu mutations are not a frequent event in CGCL. If these alterations are confirmed to be exclusive of GCT, the assessment of H3F3A mutations may help in the differential diagnosis of GCT and CGCL of the jaws.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}252{"query": "Question: Is percutaneous intervention of circumflex chronic total occlusions associated with worse procedural outcomes : insights from a Multicentre US Registry?\nAnswer: In a contemporary, multicentre CTO PCI registry, LCX was the least common target vessel. Compared with LAD and RCA, PCI of LCX CTOs was associated with a lower rate of procedural success, less efficiency, and a nonsignificant trend for higher rates of complications.", "pos": "Question: Does preoperative mp-MRI of the prostate provide little information about staging of prostate carcinoma in daily clinical practice?\nAnswer: In routine clinical practice, mp-MRI at non-academic centers has very limited clinical value in predicting ECE and SVI. Our data support the current recommendations against the widespread preoperative use of mp-MRI because it is not adding reliable predictive information on the extent of prostate cancer.", "neg": "Question: Is routine intravascular ultrasound scanning guidance of coronary stenting associated with improved clinical outcomes?\nAnswer: These data suggest that the routine performance of IVUS during stent placement influences the performance of the procedure, as judged by differences in procedural characteristics, but does not improve clinical outcome at 9 months.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}253{"query": "Question: Does fiber supplementation lower plasma p-cresol in chronic kidney disease patients?\nAnswer: Supplementing the diet of CKD patients with fiber may be a dietary therapy to reduce p-cresol and improve stool frequency.", "pos": "Question: Does sedum sarmentosum Bunge extract exert renal anti-fibrotic effects in vivo and in vitro?\nAnswer: These findings suggest that SSBE may have therapeutic potential for fibrotic kidney diseases.", "neg": "Question: Do diets fail : the success of medical nutrition therapy in patients with diabetes?\nAnswer: The health-care team can provide practical and useful information to patients with diabetes that will improve management of their disease and enhance their well-being.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}254{"query": "Question: Do antiphospholipid antibodies correlate with stroke severity and outcome in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome?\nAnswer: In young stroke patients with APS, serum levels of IgM aCL within 48 h are correlated with stroke severity and levels of IgG anti-β2GPI within 48 h are correlated with three-month outcomes.", "pos": "Question: Are serum VEGF levels in acute ischaemic strokes correlated with long-term prognosis?\nAnswer: Serum VEGF levels are correlated with long-term prognoses in acute ischaemic stroke patients.", "neg": "Question: Do atherosclerotic plaque rupture and intraplaque hemorrhage correlate with symptoms in carotid artery stenosis?\nAnswer: Almost 70% of plaque specimens demonstrated thrombus, intraplaque hemorrhage, or both. Thrombosis was observed in one fourth of specimens, and intraplaque hemorrhage in almost two thirds of specimens. Sixty four percent of plaques demonstrated neovascularization. It was not possible to demonstrate that complicated plaques (plaque rupture, thrombosis, intraplaque hemorrhage) are associated with symptoms, and it appears that such plaques may occur at any time, irrespective of symptoms.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}255{"query": "Question: Are `` There bugs in condoms '' : Tanzanian close-to-community providers ' ability to offer effective adolescent reproductive health services?\nAnswer: Although close-to-community providers are considered a key resource in the community, most have limited capacity to provide ARH services. Without capacity-building investments such as training and cooperation with the mainstream health sector, their contribution to positive reproductive health outcomes is limited, or could indeed lead to adverse outcomes.", "pos": "Question: Are `` These issues n't talked about at home '' : a qualitative study of the sexual and reproductive health information preferences of adolescents in Vanuatu?\nAnswer: Providing adolescents with comprehensive SRH information can have life-long protective benefits, however there are important content gaps in information currently provided in Vanuatu. The broad range of sources preferred by adolescents highlights the need to strengthen information provision through multiple channels to reach in and out-of-school youth and respond to individual needs and contexts.", "neg": "Question: Do urban settings ensure access to services : findings from the immunisation programme in Kampala Uganda?\nAnswer: Complex health system barriers to childhood immunisation still exist in this urban setting; emphasizing that even in urban areas with great physical access, there are hard to reach people. As the rate of urbanization increases especially in sub-Saharan Africa, governments should strengthen health systems to cater for increasing urban populations.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}256{"query": "Question: Does engineered heart tissue transplantation alter electrical-conduction function in rats with myocardial infarction?\nAnswer: EHT transplantation can improve electrical-conduction and function of MI rats.", "pos": "Question: Does human Amnion-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation ameliorate Liver Fibrosis in Rats?\nAnswer: Transplantation of hAMSCs provided significant improvement in a rat model of liver fibrosis, possibly through the inhibition of Kupffer cell and hepatic stellate cell activation. hAMSCs may be a potential new treatment for liver fibrosis.", "neg": "Question: Does cardiac transplantation effect ischaemia-induced arrhythmias in rats?\nAnswer: The results of these experiments suggest that cardiac innervation is not an important factor in the genesis of ischaemia-induced arrhythmias in rats.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}257{"query": "Question: Does protein kinase D1 deficiency promote differentiation in epidermal keratinocytes?\nAnswer: Cre-recombinase-mediated knockdown represents an additional approach demonstrating that PKD1 is an anti-differentiative, pro-proliferative signal in mouse keratinocytes.", "pos": "Question: Does in vivo T-cell depletion enhance production of anti-GALalpha1,3GAL natural antibodies in alpha1,3-galactosyltransferase-deficient mice?\nAnswer: In vivo T-cell depletion facilitates anti-Gal IgM production, suggesting that T cells deliver inhibitory signals to B cells responding to Gal.", "neg": "Question: Do retinal pigment epithelial cell transplants in retinal degeneration slow mice rescue photoreceptor cells?\nAnswer: This study supports the conclusions of other investigators that the photoreceptor cell is the primary site of the genetic defect that results in retinal dystrophy in the rds mouse model.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}258{"query": "Question: Is cD133 expression correlated with poor prognosis in colorectal cancer?\nAnswer: CD133 expression is correlated with poor prognosis in CRC.", "pos": "Question: Is [ Low expression of SLC22A1 associated with a poor prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma : analysis of 303 patients ]?\nAnswer: Down-regulation of SLC22A1 is a malignant feature and a potential prognostic marker of HCC.", "neg": "Question: Are gain-of-function Prolactin Receptor Variants Associated With Breast Cancer and Multiple Fibroadenoma Risk?\nAnswer: PRLR", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}259{"query": "Question: Does atomoxetine reduce hyperactive/impulsive behaviours in neurokinin-1 receptor 'knockout ' mice?\nAnswer: This evidence that atomoxetine reduces hyperactive/impulsive behaviours in NK1R(-/-) mice consolidates the validity of using NK1R(-/-) mice in research of the aetiology and treatment of ADHD.", "pos": "Question: Does arjunolic acid protect against DNCB-induced atopic dermatitis-like symptoms in mice by restoring a normal cytokine balance?\nAnswer: The results indicate that AA suppresses DNCB-induced AD in mice via redox balance and immune modulation, and could be a safe clinical treatment for AD.", "neg": "Question: Does acute or subchronic clozapine treatment ameliorate prepulse inhibition ( PPI ) deficits in CPB-K mice with low levels of hippocampal NMDA receptor density?\nAnswer: In summary, (1) this study confirmed our working hypothesis: Lower levels of hippocampal glutamatergic receptor densities correspond to lower sensorimotor gating in CPB-K mice, and (2) acute or subchronic treatment with CLZ did not elevate low PPI levels in CPB-K mice. Thus, further experiments will concentrate on other antipsychotic drugs to prove the predictive validity of this animal model.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}260{"query": "Question: Do pre-treatment serum total bilirubin level as an indicator of optimal CPT-11 dosage?\nAnswer: PTB can be used as a predictive marker of CPT-11-induced severe neutropenia and FN. In patients with PTB ≥0.8 mg/dL, the CPT-11 dose should be reduced to less than 80 mg/m(2) with weekly dosing.", "pos": "Question: Do bile CXC motif chemokine 10 levels correlate with anti-donor cytotoxic T cell responses after liver transplantation?\nAnswer: Measurements of bile CXCL10 levels could predict anti-donor cytotoxic T cell responses in liver transplant recipients.", "neg": "Question: Is transcutaneous bilirubinometry influenced by term or skin color in neonates?\nAnswer: TcB measurements using the Draeger JM-103® device correlate significantly with TSB, regardless of term and skin color. Transcutaneous bilirubinometry seems to be a safe and cost-effective screening method for severe hyperbilirubinemia in newborns of different terms and ethnic origins.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}261{"query": "Question: Does the indole derivative NecroX-7 improve nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in ob/ob mice through suppression of mitochondrial ROS/RNS and inflammation?\nAnswer: NecroX-7 treatment improved hepatic steatosis and fibrosis in murine NASH models. These effects occurred through the suppression of whole-cell ROS/RNS and inflammatory responses and suggest that NecroX-7 has a potential therapeutic benefit in steatohepatitis.", "pos": "Question: Does ginsenoside Rg1 protect mouse liver against ischemia-reperfusion injury through anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptosis properties?\nAnswer: Pretreatment of mice with Rg1 reduced hepatocellular apoptosis and inhibited inflammatory response, which was in part through the NF-κB signaling pathway. Rg1 may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of IR-induced liver injury.", "neg": "Question: Do anti-oxidant properties of N-acetyl-L-cysteine improve the immune resistance of mice fed dietary lipids to Listeria monocytogenes infection?\nAnswer: On the basis of these results, we can confirm that the administration of NAC improves survival in mice fed LF diet, whereas a reduction in the generation of superoxide radicals was measured in mice fed a FO diet and infected with L. monocytogenes. Similarly, bacterial recovery was diminished in mice fed diets containing LF or HCO. Hence, these data reveal a beneficial effect of NAC in mice fed LF or HCO and a detrimental action of this antioxidant in mice fed diets containing FO or OO.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}262{"query": "Question: Does fluorescent labelling of intestinal epithelial cells reveal independent long-lived intestinal stem cells in a crypt?\nAnswer: The use of our original lentiviral transgene system to mark individual organoid crypt stem cells showed that long-lived plural crypt stem cells might independently serve as intestinal epithelial cells, resulting in the formation of a completely functional villus.", "pos": "Question: Do transplanted skin-derived precursor stem cells generate enteric ganglion-like structures in vivo?\nAnswer: SKPs are capable of engraftment, migration, and differentiation within aganglionic rodent intestine in vivo. Differentiated SKPs generate structures that resemble enteric ganglia. Our observations suggest that SKPs represent a potential gangliogenic therapeutic agent for Hirschsprung's disease.", "neg": "Question: Is mesenchymal stromal cell phenotype influenced by confluence during culture expansion?\nAnswer: These data demonstrate that MSC characteristics and plasticity can be maintained during culture expansion from bone marrow mononuclear cells to MSCs and that a homogeneous phenotype of undifferentiated MSCs which persists independent of cell density can be used for clinical therapies.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}263{"query": "Question: Does noble-Collip Drum Trauma induce Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation But Not Acute Coagulopathy of Trauma-Shock?\nAnswer: The systemic thrombin generation accelerated by insufficient antithrombin control leads to the consumption of platelets and coagulation factors associated with hyperfibrin(ogen)olysis. These changes are collectively termed disseminated intravascular coagulation with the fibrinolytic phenotype.", "pos": "Question: Does diet-induced obesity prevent the development of acute traumatic coagulopathy?\nAnswer: Obesity prevents the development of ATC following hemorrhage shock. Complications associated with obesity following hemorrhagic shock may be attributed to the preserved hypercoagulable state.", "neg": "Question: Is traumatic brain injury associated with coagulopathy out of proportion to injury in other body regions?\nAnswer: Coagulopathy results from a combination of tissue injury and shock independent of the dominant region of injury. With the use of AIS as a measure of injury severity, traumatic brain injury was not independently associated with more profound coagulopathy.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}264{"query": "Question: Does aminoguanidine inhibit ventricular fibrosis and remodeling process in isoproterenol-induced hypertrophied rat hearts by suppressing ROS and MMPs?\nAnswer: Anti-fibrotic and anti-hypertrophic activities of AG were mainly attributed to its ROS quenching efficacy and its direct interaction with MMP-2 and MMP-9.", "pos": "Question: Does ellagic acid prevent monocrotaline-induced pulmonary artery hypertension via inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation in rats?\nAnswer: Ellagic acid ameliorates monocrotaline-induced pulmonary artery hypertension via exerting its anti-oxidative property inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome signal pathway in rats.", "neg": "Question: Does effective inhibition of nitric oxide production by aminoguanidine reverse hypotension in endotoxaemic rats?\nAnswer: AG inhibited NO formation in a dose-dependent way. Yet, AG had no haemodynamic effects, suggesting a minor cardiovascular influence of iNOS in this endotoxin model, in parallel to what has been found in microbial sepsis.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}265{"query": "Question: Is biliary-enteric reconstruction with hepaticoduodenostomy following laparoscopic excision of choledochal cyst associated with better postoperative outcomes : a single-centre experience?\nAnswer: Laparoscopic excision of choledochal cyst with hepaticoduodenostomy reconstruction is safe and feasible with shorter operative time, ICU stay and overall hospital stay. It is not inferior to HJ in terms of short-term postoperative outcomes.", "pos": "Question: Does the application of McBurney 's single-incision laparoscopic colectomy alleviate the response of patients to postoperative wound pain?\nAnswer: This study further provides evidence for supporting the safety and feasibility of SILC in treating colorectal diseases. More important is that McBurney's SILC not only alleviates the patient response to wound pain, but also provides the same site for a diverting enterostomy to avoid creating an additional wound.", "neg": "Question: Does bilateral transversus abdominis plane block decrease postoperative pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy when compared with local anesthetic infiltration of trocar insertion sites?\nAnswer: Bilateral ultrasound-guided TAP block is equivalent to local anesthetic infiltration of trocar insertion sites for overall postoperative pain in a heterogeneous group of patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}266{"query": "Question: Do international observational study of nutritional support in mechanically ventilated patients following burn injury?\nAnswer: Mechanically ventilated patients following burn develop substantial energy and protein deficits, with lesser deficits observed in survivors.", "pos": "Question: Do gram negative wound infection in hospitalised adult burn patients -- systematic review and metanalysis-?\nAnswer: Gram-negative infections predominate in burn surgery. This study is the first to establish that burn wound infections do not differ significantly between burn centres. It is the first study to report the pathogens responsible for the majority of Gram-negative infections in these patients. Whilst burn wound infection is not exclusive to these bacteria, it is hoped that reporting the presence of this group of common Gram-negative \"target organisms\" facilitate clinical practice and target research towards a defined clinical demand.", "neg": "Question: Are nitric oxide production in burns : plasma nitrate levels increased in patients with minor thermal injuries?\nAnswer: For patients who sustain minor burns, plasma levels of nitrate decrease from those of mean normal controls with time unless there is multiple organ dysfunction or the patient receives extraneous nitrate.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}267{"query": "Question: Is rs2070424 of the SOD1 gene associated with risk of Alzheimer 's disease?\nAnswer: rs2070424 polymorphism of the SOD1 gene is a risk factor for AD in Polish population. Allel G and genotype AG and GG are protective factors for AD.", "pos": "Question: Is the CGGGG insertion/deletion polymorphism of the IRF5 promoter a strong risk factor for primary Sjögren 's syndrome?\nAnswer: Our findings indicate an association of the CGGGG insertion/deletion polymorphism of the IRF5 promoter with primary SS. Patients carrying the 4R CGGGG IRF5 allele had a high level of mRNA for IRF5 in PBMCs and salivary gland epithelial cells, mainly after in vitro viral infection. Patients with high levels of mRNA for IRF5 also had high levels of mRNA for type I IFN-induced genes in PBMCs.", "neg": "Question: Is polymorphism in apoA1 Influences High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels but a Major Risk Factor of Alzheimer 's Disease?\nAnswer: Our data support the observation that apoA1 polymorphism influences cholesterol metabolism and Aβ42 deposition in the brain.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}268{"query": "Question: Is structural maintenance of chromosomes 4 a predictor of survival and a novel therapeutic target in colorectal cancer?\nAnswer: Our clinical and experimental data suggest that SMC-4 may contribute to the progression of colorectal carcinogenesis. Our study provides a new therapeutic target for colorectal cancer treatment.", "pos": "Question: Does constitutive secretion of Interleukin-4 dictate CD133+ side population cells to resist drug treatment and cell death?\nAnswer: Our data suggest that the autocrine secretion of IL-4 is a potential target for the development of novel anticancer drugs to prevent the CSCs-mediated therapy failure and tumorigenesis.", "neg": "Question: Does volume of lymphatic metastases independently influence prognosis in colorectal cancer?\nAnswer: The number of nodes involved with metastatic tumor, rather the volume of metastatic involvement of the regional lymph nodes, predicts outcome. These results suggest that micrometastatic disease may have a similar prognosis as macrometastatic disease when the same number of lymph nodes are involved with metastatic tumor.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}269{"query": "Question: Is intermediate filament protein nestin expressed in developing meninges?\nAnswer: In the present study, nestin positive cells gradually diminished in the developing and maturing meninges during the fetal period. This probably depends on initiation of a decrease in nestin expression and replacement with other tissue-specific intermediate filaments while the differentiation process continues. These differences can make significant contributions to the investigation and diagnosis of various pathological disorders (Tab. 1, Fig. 3, Ref. 36).", "pos": "Question: Are cerebrospinal fluid transferrin levels reduced in patients with early multiple sclerosis?\nAnswer: Our biochemical study provides evidence that altered iron homeostasis within the brain occurs in the very early phases of the disease, and suggests that the transporter protein transferrin may play a role in the increased iron deposition known to occur in the brain of MS patients.", "neg": "Question: Does reversal of early diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities necessarily reflect tissue salvage in experimental cerebral ischemia?\nAnswer: After brief ischemic periods, normalization of the DWI does not necessarily imply that the tissue is normal. Neurons already exhibit evidence of structural damage and stress. Normal GFAP staining suggests that other nonneuronal cell populations may partially compensate for altered fluid balances at the time of DWI reversal despite the presence of neuronal injury. These observations suggest that caution is warranted when relying solely on DWI for assessment of ischemic damage.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}270{"query": "Question: Is dorsal plication without degloving safe and effective for correcting ventral penile deformities?\nAnswer: Penile plication is a safe and effective technique for correcting all directions of curvature. Dorsal plication without degloving produces favorable objective and subjective results comparable to ventral and lateral plication.", "pos": "Question: Does auricular reconstruction using a novel three-flap technique improve the auriculocephalic angle?\nAnswer: The three-flap technique not only improves the appearance of the reconstructed ear, but helps shape a perfect auriculocephalic angle.", "neg": "Question: Does nonoperative immediate weightbearing of minimally displaced lateral compression sacral fractures result in displacement?\nAnswer: : Immediate weightbearing, tempered by patient comfort, is a safe and acceptable treatment for minimally displaced LC sacral fractures and results in union with minimal additional displacement.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}271{"query": "Question: Is work disability related to the presence of arthritis and not to a specific diagnosis . Results from a large early arthritis cohort in Argentina?\nAnswer: 1. Work disability is higher in patients with inflammatory arthritis as compared to the general population. 2. Prevalence of work disability is comparable among patients with undifferentiated and rheumatoid arthritis. 3. Disease activity is the main disease variable associated with work disability.", "pos": "Question: Are variants in TNFAIP3 , STAT4 , and C12orf30 loci associated with multiple autoimmune diseases also associated with juvenile idiopathic arthritis?\nAnswer: We have demonstrated associations between JIA and variants in the TNFAIP3, STAT4, and C12orf30 regions that have previously shown associations with other autoimmune diseases, including RA and systemic lupus erythematosus. Our results suggest that clinically distinct autoimmune phenotypes share common genetic susceptibility factors.", "neg": "Question: Is duration of employment a predictor of disability of cleaners : a longitudinal study?\nAnswer: The cleaning occupation has high disability rates compared with other unskilled occupations. A contribution factor to these high rates is a selection of women with poor health into the occupation.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}272{"query": "Question: Is the highly prevalent H3F3A mutation in giant cell tumours of bone shared by sporadic central giant cell lesion of the jaws?\nAnswer: On the basis of our findings, H3F3A p.Gly34 Trp or p.Gly34 Leu mutations are not a frequent event in CGCL. If these alterations are confirmed to be exclusive of GCT, the assessment of H3F3A mutations may help in the differential diagnosis of GCT and CGCL of the jaws.", "pos": "Question: Are tP53 , BRCA1 , and BRCA2 tumor suppressor genes commonly mutated in survivors of Hodgkin 's disease with second primary neoplasms?\nAnswer: Despite features suggestive of genetic predisposition, the TP53, BRCA1, and BRCA2 genes were not frequently mutated in this cohort of HD patients developing SMNs. Larger studies of these genes or investigations of other genes involved in cellular DNA damage response pathways may identify host genetic factors that contribute to secondary tumorigenesis.", "neg": "Question: Do aCTN3 R577X genotypes associate with Class II and deepbite malocclusions?\nAnswer: ACTN3 577XX is overrepresented in subjects with skeletal Class II malocclusion, suggesting a biologic influence during bone growth. ACTN3 577XX is underrepresented in subjects with deepbite malocclusion, suggesting that muscle differences contribute to variations in vertical facial dimensions.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}273{"query": "Question: Is chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension associated with iron overload?\nAnswer: CTEPH has no association with iron overload. The iron status evaluated by sTfR and ferritin is within the normal limits in this CTEPH population.", "pos": "Question: Is maternal protein intake associated with infant blood pressure?\nAnswer: Variation in maternal total protein intake during pregnancy does not appear to program offspring blood pressure.", "neg": "Question: Are hFE C282Y/H63D compound heterozygotes at low risk of hemochromatosis-related morbidity?\nAnswer: For male compound heterozygotes, mean iron indices do not change during middle age but for female compound heterozygotes menopause results in increased mean SF. Although compound heterozygotes might maintain elevated iron indices during middle age, documented iron overload-related disease is rare.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}274{"query": "Question: Does immunological profiling in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps reveal distinct VEGF and GM-CSF signatures during symptomatic exacerbations?\nAnswer: CRSwNP patients demonstrate distinct immunological changes locally and systemically during acute exacerbation. Growth factors VEGF and GM-CSF may be involved in the immunopathogenesis of subjects with CRS and nasal polyps experiencing exacerbation.", "pos": "Question: Is the CGGGG insertion/deletion polymorphism of the IRF5 promoter a strong risk factor for primary Sjögren 's syndrome?\nAnswer: Our findings indicate an association of the CGGGG insertion/deletion polymorphism of the IRF5 promoter with primary SS. Patients carrying the 4R CGGGG IRF5 allele had a high level of mRNA for IRF5 in PBMCs and salivary gland epithelial cells, mainly after in vitro viral infection. Patients with high levels of mRNA for IRF5 also had high levels of mRNA for type I IFN-induced genes in PBMCs.", "neg": "Question: Is gram-negative bacterial carriage in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis associated with more severe inflammation?\nAnswer: CRSwNP patients colonized with Gram-negative bacteria have a similar pattern of inflammation as assessed by serum biomarkers to those colonized with Gram-positive ones. Gram-negative bacteria may contribute to development of a T helper 2 (Th2) phenotype via other mechanisms, possibly via Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-mediated interleukin 33 (IL-33) production. Differences in phenotype associated with Pseudomonas species carriage suggest a different behavior than other Gram-negative bacteria, supporting their importance as disease modifiers in CRSwNP.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}275{"query": "Question: Do adolescents and young adults with type 1 diabetes display a high prevalence of endothelial dysfunction?\nAnswer: Adolescents with type 1 diabetes displayed evidence of endothelial dysfunction. Good metabolic control (glycated haemoglobin ≤7.5%, 58 mmol/mol) and regular physical activity of at least 4 h a week might be protective.", "pos": "Question: Does age at diagnosis predict deterioration in glycaemic control among children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes?\nAnswer: Older diagnostic age and black race are major risk factors for deterioration in glycemic control early in the course of T1DM. These findings can inform efforts to explore the reasons behind these differences and develop preventive interventions for high-risk patients.", "neg": "Question: Do dietary fats contribute to hyperlipidemia in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes?\nAnswer: Lipid abnormalities remain common in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes who adhere to current dietary recommendations, and they relate to metabolic control but not dietary intake.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}276{"query": "Question: Do azo pigments and quinacridones induce delayed hypersensitivity in red tattoos?\nAnswer: Azo pigments and quinacridones both triggered reactions with similar clinical aspects but with varying histological findings. Patch and prick test results were disappointing with both. Reactions occurred following laser use in 1 case.", "pos": "Question: Do human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C infections induce distinct immunologic imprints in peripheral mononuclear cells?\nAnswer: An aberrant type-I IFN response seen exclusively in HIV-infected individuals could be responsible for the poor therapeutic response experienced by HIV/HCV coinfected individuals receiving interferon-alpha-based current standard of care.", "neg": "Question: Does institutional patient-specific IMRT QA predict unacceptable plan delivery?\nAnswer: IMRT QA is not a reasonable replacement for a credentialing phantom. Moreover, the particularly poor agreement between IMRT QA and the IROC Houston phantoms highlights surprising inconsistency in the QA process.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}277{"query": "Question: Is neoadjuvant treatment response in negative nodes an important prognosticator after esophagectomy?\nAnswer: Treatment-response lymph nodes detected from esophagectomy specimens in patients having undergone neoadjuvant chemotherapy or combined chemoradiation for EAC provide valuable prognostic information, particularly in patients with limited nodal disease. The current practice of considering lymph nodes lacking viable cancer cells, but with evidence of tumor necrosis, as pathologically negative likely results in understaging. Future efforts at revising the staging system for EAC should consider incorporating treatment-response lymph nodes in the analysis.", "pos": "Question: Does tumor stage after neoadjuvant chemotherapy determine survival after surgery for adenocarcinoma of the esophagus and esophagogastric junction?\nAnswer: The stage of esophageal or esophagogastric junction adenocarcinoma after neoadjuvant chemotherapy determines prognosis rather than the clinical stage before neoadjuvant chemotherapy, indicating the importance of focusing on postchemotherapy staging to more accurately predict outcome and eligibility for surgery. Patients who are downstaged by neoadjuvant chemotherapy benefit from reduced rates of local and systemic recurrence.", "neg": "Question: Does american Joint Committee on Cancer staging system accurately predict survival in patients receiving multimodality therapy for esophageal adenocarcinoma?\nAnswer: The current AJCC staging system is not a good predictor of survival after CRT. Although patients with a pCR do have improved long-term survival relative to patients with residual disease, this method places too much emphasis on residual depth of invasion and fails to identify patients with residual disease who have good long-term survival. Recursive partitioning analysis more accurately identifies nodal disease and metastatic disease as the most important prognostic variables. Degree of treatment response is less prognostic than nodal involvement.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}278{"query": "Question: Do adult aortic valve interstitial cells have greater responses to toll-like receptor 4 stimulation?\nAnswer: Adult AVICs exhibit greater inflammatory and osteogenic responses to TLR4 stimulation. The enhanced responses in adult AVICs are at least partly due to lower levels of Stat3 activation in response to TLR4 stimulation relative to pediatric cells. Stat3 functions as a negative regulator of the TLR4 responses in human AVICs. The results suggest that Stat3 activation (tyrosine phosphorylation) may be protective and that TLR4 inhibition could be targeted pharmacologically to treat calcific aortic valve disease.", "pos": "Question: Is aortic valve calcification mediated by a differential response of aortic valve interstitial cells to inflammation?\nAnswer: Proinflammatory stimulation induces an osteogenic phenotype in aortic VICs but not mitral, pulmonic, or tricuspid VICs. We conclude that this differential osteogenic response of aortic VICs contributes to the pathogenesis of calcific aortic stenosis.", "neg": "Question: Is previous coronary artery bypass grafting a risk factor for aortic valve replacement?\nAnswer: The risk of AVR after previous CABG is similar to that for primary AVR+CABG. Valve replacement should, therefore, be pursued despite prior CABG when hemodynamically significant aortic stenosis develops. Furthermore, a circumspect approach to \"prophylactic\" AVR for mild aortic stenosis at primary CABG seems warranted.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}279{"query": "Question: Do pollen tube cell walls of wild and domesticated tomatoes contain arabinosylated and fucosylated xyloglucan?\nAnswer: The results clearly indicate that the male gametophyte (pollen tube) and the sporophyte have structurally different XyG. This suggests that fucosylated XyG may have an important role in the tip growth of pollen tubes, and that they must have a specific set of functional XyG fucosyltransferases, which are yet to be characterized.", "pos": "Question: Does engineering high Zn in tomato shoot through expression of AtHMA4 involves tissue-specific modification of endogenous genes?\nAnswer: In transgenic tomato plants, the export activity of ectopically expressed AtHMA4 changes the cellular Zn status, which induces coordinated tissue-specific responses of endogenous ethylene-related genes and metal transporters. These changes constitute an important mechanism involved in the generation of the metal-related phenotype of transgenic tomato expressing AtHMA4.", "neg": "Question: Is differential regulation of gene products in newly synthesized Brassica napus allotetraploids related to protein function nor subcellular localization?\nAnswer: Protein identification showed that functionally related polypeptides (isoforms and complex subunits) could be differentially regulated in synthetic B. napus in comparison to its diploid progenitors while such proteins are usually expected to display co-regulation. The genetic redundancy within an allopolyploid could explain why functionally related proteins could display imbalanced levels of expression. No functional category, no metabolic pathway and no subcellular localization was found to be over- or under-represented within non-additive polypeptides, suggesting that the differential regulation of gene products was not related to functional properties of the proteins. Thus, at the protein level, there is no evidence for the \"genomic shock\" expected in neo-polyploids and the overall topology of protein networks and metabolic pathways is conserved in synthetic allotetraploids of B. napus in comparison to its diploid progenitors B. rapa and B. oleracea.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}280{"query": "Question: Do clinical events after cessation of lamivudine therapy in patients recovered from hepatitis B flare with hepatic decompensation?\nAnswer: Cessation of lamivudine therapy after recovery from hepatitis B flare with decompensation was safe for most patients. However, 8.2% develop decompensation within 1 year and can be rescued by timely retreatment. With close monitoring, the stopping strategy could be a feasible alternative to indefinite therapy, especially in low resource settings.", "pos": "Question: Is biliary-enteric reconstruction with hepaticoduodenostomy following laparoscopic excision of choledochal cyst associated with better postoperative outcomes : a single-centre experience?\nAnswer: Laparoscopic excision of choledochal cyst with hepaticoduodenostomy reconstruction is safe and feasible with shorter operative time, ICU stay and overall hospital stay. It is not inferior to HJ in terms of short-term postoperative outcomes.", "neg": "Question: Does end-of-treatment virologic response predict relapse after lamivudine treatment for chronic hepatitis B?\nAnswer: Our results suggest that end-of-treatment virologic response cannot predict post-treatment relapse in patients with HBeAg-negative or -positive chronic hepatitis B. The impact of HBV genotype on the response to lamivudine treatment awaits further studies.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}281{"query": "Question: Is miRNA-205 a candidate tumor suppressor that targets ZEB2 in renal cell carcinoma?\nAnswer: miR-205 is a candidate tumor suppressor that targets ZEB2 in RCC.", "pos": "Question: Does miR-622 functions as a tumor suppressor and directly target E2F1 in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma?\nAnswer: These findings indicate that miR-622 may act as a tumor suppressor in ESCC and would serve as a potential therapy target for this disease.", "neg": "Question: Are gain-of-function Prolactin Receptor Variants Associated With Breast Cancer and Multiple Fibroadenoma Risk?\nAnswer: PRLR", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}282{"query": "Question: Does the functional SNP rs3746804 in C20orf54 modify susceptibility to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma?\nAnswer: A close association exists between functional SNP rs3746804 in C20orf54 and susceptibility to ESCC.", "pos": "Question: Is tP53 Pro72 allele enriched in oral tongue cancer and frequently mutated in esophageal cancer in India?\nAnswer: Our study revealed the association of Pro72 allele with SCCOT suggesting the effect of this polymorphism on SCCOT risk. Preferential mutation of Pro72 allele exclusively in ESCC indicates the need for further studies to understand the tissue specific effect of p53 polymorphism.", "neg": "Question: Are gain-of-function Prolactin Receptor Variants Associated With Breast Cancer and Multiple Fibroadenoma Risk?\nAnswer: PRLR", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}283{"query": "Question: Does soluble CD30 predict late acute rejection or safe tapering of immunosuppression in renal transplantation?\nAnswer: In two prospectively followed cohorts of renal transplant patients we found no association between sCD30 and the occurrence of either late acute rejection or acute rejection after reduction of immunosuppression.", "pos": "Question: Are paraoxonase polymorphisms associated with cardiovascular risk in renal transplant recipients?\nAnswer: These data indicate that there is no association between the PON1 gene variants, conferring higher enzyme activity, and the increased cardiovascular risk in renal transplant recipients.", "neg": "Question: Do patients with Pathologically Proven Renal Disease Have Similar Declines in Renal Function Following Robot-Assisted Partial Nephrectomy?\nAnswer: The presence of pathological renal disease in non-neoplastic renal tissue did not place patients at risk for worsened postoperative complications or renal function deterioration following robot-assisted partial nephrectomy.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}284{"query": "Question: Is generalized , severe , chronic periodontitis associated with anemia of chronic disease : a pilot study in urban , Indian males?\nAnswer: Severe periodontal disease can be linked with anemic status.", "pos": "Question: Is elevated plasma calcifediol associated with aggressive periodontitis?\nAnswer: Plasma calcifediol levels might be associated with periodontal inflammation.", "neg": "Question: Is severe anaemia associated with HIV-1 env gene characteristics in Malawian children?\nAnswer: The prevalence of X4 strains in these young HIV-1-subtype-C-infected children that were most likely vertically infected and naïve to anti-retroviral therapy can be considered high compared to previous results from Malawi. It is unlikely that V1-V2-V3 fragment characteristics and HIV co-receptor affinity is an important feature in the development of severe anaemia in Malawian children.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}285{"query": "Question: Does progressive periodontal disease have a simultaneous incremental elevation of gingival crevicular fluid and serum CRP levels?\nAnswer: C-reactive protein levels in gingival crevicular fluid and serum increased proportionately with the severity of periodontal disease. They correlated positively with clinical parameters, including gingival index, probing pocket depth, and clinical attachment level. Thus, it can be considered as a periodontal inflammatory biomarker and deserves further consideration.", "pos": "Question: Is elevated plasma calcifediol associated with aggressive periodontitis?\nAnswer: Plasma calcifediol levels might be associated with periodontal inflammation.", "neg": "Question: Do haplotypes of susceptibility to chronic periodontitis in the Interleukin 8 gene influence protein level in the gingival crevicular fluid?\nAnswer: The IL8 haplotype of susceptibility to CP was neither associated with IL-8 cytokine levels nor with clinical periodontal parameters. Also, CP, IL8 haplotype and IL-8 concentration showed a positive association with the GCF volume levels in the studied patients.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}286{"query": "Question: Is the anterior cingulate cortex a critical hub for pain-induced depression?\nAnswer: Our results show that, at cortical level, the sensory component of chronic pain remains functionally segregated from its affective and anxiodepressive components. Spontaneous tonic pain and evoked allodynia can be experimentally dissociated. Furthermore, the ACC appears as a critical hub for mood disorders, including for the anxiodepressive consequences of chronic pain, and thus constitutes an important target for divulging the underlying mechanism.", "pos": "Question: Does hIV Distal Neuropathic Pain be Associated with Smaller Ventral Posterior Cingulate Cortex?\nAnswer: The posterior cingulate is thought to be involved in inhibiting the perception of painful stimuli. Mechanistically a smaller posterior cingulate cortex structure may be related to reduced anti-nociception contributing to increased distal neuropathic pain.", "neg": "Question: Do pain and disability influence psychological and social factors at work among sick-listed patients with neck and back pain?\nAnswer: Sick-listed patients with neck and back pain who had concurrent anxiety or depression reported increased psychological and social challenges at work. To provide suitable treatment in the clinical setting, further attention should be paid to the interaction between anxiety or depression and perceived job strain.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}287{"query": "Question: Is the low level of glucagon-like peptide-1 ( glp-1 ) a risk factor of type 2 diabetes mellitus?\nAnswer: From this study it can be concluded that levels of intact GLP-1 are an important risk factor for T2DM in the Indonesian population.", "pos": "Question: Is combined glutathione S transferase M1/T1 null genotypes associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus?\nAnswer: The main finding of our study is that the combined, double GSTM1/GSTT1 null genotypes are to be considered among the polymorphic genetic risk factors for type 2 DM.", "neg": "Question: Is metabolic flexibility in response to glucose impaired in people with type 2 diabetes after controlling for glucose disposal rate?\nAnswer: This study suggests that metabolic inflexibility to glucose in type 2 diabetic subjects is mostly related to defective glucose transport.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}288{"query": "Question: Does shinzami Korean purple-fleshed sweet potato extract prevent ischaemia-reperfusion-induced liver damage in rats?\nAnswer: Shinzami extract and anthocyanins have a hepatoprotective effect on the liver damage induced by hepatic I/R by improving antioxidant status. Furthermore, the Shinzami extract may have a more potent effect on the antioxidant status compared with the Shinzami anthocyanins alone.", "pos": "Question: Does a dietary phytochemical blend prevent liver damage associated with adipose tissue mobilization in ovariectomized rats?\nAnswer: Adverse hepatic effects secondary to ovariectomy were mitigated through the inclusion of a dietary phytochemical blend in aged ovariectomized rats. The use of such compounds may not only help with weight management and disease risk in menopausal women, but may also prevent the lipotoxicity in NAFLD.", "neg": "Question: Do anti-oxidants prevent bile acid-induced cell death in rat hepatocytes?\nAnswer: In hepatocytes, bile acid-induced toxicity is not prevented by scavengers of oxidative stress. The beneficial effects observed in patients might be because of the contribution of ROS and cytokines rather than bile acid-mediated oxidative stress. However, the use of specific Src kinase inhibitors might be a useful tool to prevent bile acid-induced injury in liver diseases.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}289{"query": "Question: Does vagus nerve stimulation have antidepressant effects in the kainic acid model for temporal lobe epilepsy?\nAnswer: The KA rats displayed anhedonia which was significantly decreased by VNS, indicating that this neuromodulatory treatment could likewise diminish depressive symptoms in patients suffering from temporal lobe epilepsy and comorbid depression.", "pos": "Question: Does danzhi Xiaoyao San ameliorate depressive-like behavior by shifting toward serotonin via the downregulation of hippocampal indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase?\nAnswer: DXS exhibited antidepressant-like effects on rats exposed to CUMS. DXS reduced IDO activity to shift the balance of the Kyn/5-HT pathway toward the 5-HT pathway.", "neg": "Question: Does valproic acid-mediated inhibition of trimethyltin-induced deficits in memory and learning in the rat directly depend on its anti-oxidant properties?\nAnswer: The results of present study showed that VPA attenuates TMT-induced memory deficits. Protective effects against brain tissues oxidative damage might have a role in the beneficial effects of VPA.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}290{"query": "Question: Is epidermal growth factor receptor mutation associated with longer local control after definitive chemoradiotherapy in patients with stage III nonsquamous non-small-cell lung cancer?\nAnswer: Our study is the first to show radiosensitive biology of EGFR-mutated tumors in definitive CRT with curative intent. This finding could serve as a credible baseline estimate of EGFR-mutated population in stage III nonsquamous NSCLC.", "pos": "Question: Are biologic factors associated with tumor oxygenation prognostic in patients with stage III esophageal cancer : long-term results?\nAnswer: The long-term results confirm that hemoglobin levels during radiotherapy and tumor cell expression of EPO-R are significant prognostic factors in patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer.", "neg": "Question: Is induction chemoradiation superior to induction chemotherapy alone in stage IIIA lung cancer?\nAnswer: Published evidence is sparse but does not support the use of radiation therapy in induction regimens for stage IIIA (N2). Given the potential disadvantages of adding radiation preoperatively, clinicians should consider using this treatment strategy only in the context of a clinical trial to allow better assessment of its effectiveness.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}291{"query": "Question: Is epidemic MRSA clone ST22-IV more resistant to multiple host- and environment-related stresses compared with ST228-I?\nAnswer: Our results support our hypothesis that ST22-IV has a fitness advantage over ST228-I. This fitness advantage could have allowed ST22-IV to displace ST228-I without acquiring additional resistances and could help explain its epidemic success in hospital settings and its spread in Europe and beyond.", "pos": "Question: Is a functional synonymous coding variant in the IL1RN gene associated with survival in septic shock?\nAnswer: In European ancestry subjects, the IL1RN variant rs315952C is preferentially transcribed and associated with increased evoked plasma IL1RA and with improved survival from septic shock. It may be that genetically determined IL1RA levels influence survival from septic shock.", "neg": "Question: Is spa typing alone sufficient to demonstrate endemic establishment of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a low-prevalence country?\nAnswer: MRSA spa type t304 appears to have established itself as an endemic genetic lineage in the study area. spa typing does not provide sufficient resolution when investigating the spread of an endemic-like genetic lineage in a low-prevalence area, and should be supplemented by additional typing techniques.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}292{"query": "Question: Is virological failure after 1 year of first-line ART associated with HIV minority drug resistance in rural Cameroon?\nAnswer: Virological failure after 1 year of ART was not associated with minority drug resistance at baseline but with incomplete adherence. Strategies to assure adherence and uninterrupted drug supplies are pivotal factors for therapy success.", "pos": "Question: Does the level of persistent HIV viremia increase after successful simplification of maintenance therapy to lopinavir/ritonavir alone?\nAnswer: The level of persistent viremia did not increase after stopping NRTI therapy among subjects who maintained virus suppression < 50 copies/ml on LPV/r alone through 48 weeks. This supports further studies of induction-simplification therapy for treatment of HIV-1 infection including the identification of factors predicting success or failure of simplified therapy.", "neg": "Question: Does an integrated community TB-HIV adherence model provide an alternative to DOT for tuberculosis patients in Cape Town?\nAnswer: Weekly community-based adherence support was a viable alternative to daily DOT, with no deterioration in anti-tuberculosis treatment outcomes and an increase in ART initiation.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}293{"query": "Question: Is blood transfusion associated with recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after hepatectomy in Child-Pugh class A patients?\nAnswer: These results suggest that blood transfusion was associated with recurrence of HCC after hepatectomy in patients with HCC and Child-Pugh class A.", "pos": "Question: Is cDK1 and CDK2 activity a strong predictor of renal cell carcinoma recurrence?\nAnswer: CDK1SA of tumors and the CDK2SA are both associated with recurrence and prognosis.", "neg": "Question: Are p16INK4A gene alterations a prognostic indicator for survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing curative hepatectomy?\nAnswer: p16INK4A is altered frequently and early in HCC, being the predominant mechanism of inactivation promoter hypermethylation. The present results suggest that the p16INK4A gene plays an important role in the pathogenesis of HCC.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}294{"query": "Question: Does transcutaneous oxygen tension measurements following peripheral transluminal angioplasty procedure have more specificity and sensitivity than ankle brachial index?\nAnswer: The increase in TcPO2 measurements following PTA procedure has more specificity and sensitivity than does ABI. The use of TcPO2 may represent a more accurate alternative than traditional methods (ABI) used in assessing PTA results. The TcPO2 also allows the radiologist to assess changes in tissue oxygenation during PTA, allowing changes to the procedure and subsequent treatment.", "pos": "Question: Is spleno-renal shunt blood flow an accurate index of collateral circulation in different models of portal hypertension and after pharmacological changes in rats?\nAnswer: Determination of SRSBF by TTU is an accurate way to measure collateral blood flow in different models of intra- and extra-hepatic portal hypertension in rats. Its sensitivity provides accurate measurement of pharmacological changes, unlike the traditional estimation of %PSS by the microsphere method.", "neg": "Question: Does hypotension always make computed tomography scans unfeasible in the management of blunt abdominal trauma patients?\nAnswer: The traditional priority of diagnostic modalities used to manage BAT patients should be reconsidered because of advancements in facilities and understanding of BAT. With shorter scanning times and transportation distances, hypotension does not always make performing a CT scan unfeasible.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}295{"query": "Question: Is obesity associated with increased postoperative complications after operative management of proximal humerus fractures?\nAnswer: Obesity and its resultant medical comorbidities are associated with increased rates of postoperative complications after operative management of proximal humerus fractures. Obese patients for whom operative management of proximal humerus fractures is planned should be counseled preoperatively about their increased risk for postoperative complications.", "pos": "Question: Is obesity associated with increased postoperative complications after operative management of tibial shaft fractures?\nAnswer: In patients who undergo either ORIF or IMN for tibial shaft fractures, obesity and its related medical comorbidities are associated with significantly increased rates of postoperative medical complications, infection, nonunion, and implant removal compared to non-obese patients.", "neg": "Question: Does severe and morbid obesity ( BMI ≥ 35 kg/m ( 2 ) ) increase surgical time and length of hospital stay in total knee arthroplasty surgery?\nAnswer: Severely and morbidly obese (SMO) patients (BMI ≥ 35 kg/m(2)) undergoing TKA surgery do not require longer operative time or hospital stay than non-obese or obese Class I patients. The fact that surgical time was not significantly different could be due to greater specialisation in the treatment of these patients, which may favour a lower incidence of post-operative complications.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}296{"query": "Question: Is radiofrequency ablation a thyroid function-preserving treatment for patients with bilateral benign thyroid nodules?\nAnswer: RF ablation improves cosmetic problems and symptoms and preserves thyroid function in patients with bilateral thyroid nodules.", "pos": "Question: Does adjuvant Stereotactic Radiosurgery reduce Need for Retreatments in Patients with Meningioma Residuals?\nAnswer: aSRS of meningioma residuals had a positive effect on tumor control and should be considered in patients with meningioma residuals.", "neg": "Question: Is diagnostic lobectomy routinely required to exclude malignancy in thyroid nodules greater than four centimetres?\nAnswer: Many patients with large thyroid nodules undergo thyroidectomy for symptom relief alone, regardless of their FNAC results. In such patients where other clinical indicators for thyroidectomy are not present, a benign FNAC result can reassure both patient and surgeon that mandatory surgical excision is not needed to exclude malignancy.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}297{"query": "Question: Does silence of MCL-1 upstream signaling by shRNA abrogate multiple myeloma growth?\nAnswer: There is a syngeneic effect among the three independent STAT3, PI3K and MAPK2 survival-signaling pathways related to MCL-1 expression in MM cells. shRNAs silencing of STAT3, PI3K and MAPK2 together could provide an effective strategy to treat MM.", "pos": "Question: Is sIRT1 required for oncogenic transformation of neural stem cells and for the survival of `` cancer cells with neural stemness '' in a p53-dependent manner?\nAnswer: These results indicate that expression of SIRT1 in cancer cells with neural stemness plays an important role in suppressing p53-dependent tumor surveillance, the abrogation of which may be responsible not only for inducing oncogenic transformation but also for retaining the neural cancer stemness of the cells, suggesting that SIRT1 may be a putative therapeutic target in GSCs.", "neg": "Question: Does thymidylate synthase mRNA expression predict resistance to floxuridine in a choriocarcinoma cell line?\nAnswer: We successfully established an FUDR-resistant human choriocarcinoma sub-line and found that the expression of TS mRNA in FUDR-resistant JeG-3 cells was related to the concentration and phase of FUDR exposure. These data suggest that TS mRNA levels would be of limited use as biomarkers for the prediction of chemoresistance to FUDR-based chemotherapy.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}298{"query": "Question: Does pulse oximetry measure a lower heart rate at birth compared with electrocardiography?\nAnswer: In infants at birth, HRPO is significantly lower compared with ECG with clinically important differences in the first minutes.", "pos": "Question: Does head and neck cooling after cardiac arrest result in lower jugular bulb than esophageal temperature?\nAnswer: During the initial phase of therapeutic hypothermia, Tjb seems to be lower than Tes.", "neg": "Question: Do [ Cerebral Doppler measurements in risk newborn infants have a prognostic value ]?\nAnswer: Cerebral doppler seems to be of little value to determine the prognosis of newborns at risk.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}299{"query": "Question: Does brivaracetam differentially affect voltage-gated sodium currents without impairing sustained repetitive firing in neurons?\nAnswer: The lack of effect of BRV on SRF in neurons suggests that the reported inhibition of BRV on VGSC currents does not contribute to its antiepileptic properties.", "pos": "Question: Is overexpression of the 27 KDa heat shock protein associated with thermoresistance and chemoresistance but not with radioresistance?\nAnswer: It is concluded that the mechanisms responsible for hsp27-mediated heat and drug resistance are not involved in radioprotection.", "neg": "Question: Does acute tryptophan depletion change somatosensory evoked magnetic fields?\nAnswer: Serotonin does not affect stimuli processing in the primary somatosensory cortex.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}300{"query": "Question: Does ascorbic Acid ameliorate nicotine exposure induced impaired spatial memory performances in rats?\nAnswer: Ascorbic acid supplementation was found to be effective in preventing the prenatal nicotine exposure induced cognitive deficits in rat offspring to some extent.", "pos": "Question: Does alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist GTS-21 mitigate isoflurane-induced cognitive impairment in aged rats?\nAnswer: The study demonstrated that pretreatment with α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist GTS-21 attenuates isoflurane-induced learning and memory impairment in aged rats.", "neg": "Question: Does valproic acid-mediated inhibition of trimethyltin-induced deficits in memory and learning in the rat directly depend on its anti-oxidant properties?\nAnswer: The results of present study showed that VPA attenuates TMT-induced memory deficits. Protective effects against brain tissues oxidative damage might have a role in the beneficial effects of VPA.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}301{"query": "Question: Are glutathione s-transferase m1 and t1 gene polymorphisms associated with increased risk of gestational diabetes mellitus development?\nAnswer: This study shows no association between GST gene polymorphisms and GDM.", "pos": "Question: Is birth weight related to risk of diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes : the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study?\nAnswer: Birth weight was not associated with diabetic retinopathy.", "neg": "Question: Is only female age , and not blood type , associated with ovarian reserve?\nAnswer: Blood groups do not constitute a risk or protective factor for ovarian reserve. Therefore, blood groups do not have any predictive value in evaluating ovarian reserve.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}302{"query": "Question: Does heterologous expression of mutated HLA-G1 reduce alloreactivity of human dermal fibroblasts?\nAnswer: We are the first to successfully create a human fibroblast source with reduced alloreactivity using a novel mHLA-G1 construct. This approach may be extended to other cell types including human embryonic stem cells for use in allogeneic transplantation for cell-based regenerative medicine applications.", "pos": "Question: Does infusion of human embryonic kidney cell line conditioned medium reverse kainic acid induced hippocampal damage in mice?\nAnswer: Our present data demonstrate for the first time that infusion of HEK cells/HEK-CM can prevent excitotoxic hippocampal damage and alleviate consequent behavioral abnormalities.", "neg": "Question: Does allogenicity of cryopreserved human fibroblasts : cryopreservation downregulate the allogenicity of fibroblasts making up the matrices of allografts?\nAnswer: Our study suggests that although the fibroblast cell component may be beneficial in restoring allograft function properties initially, it may render the implanted allograft more immunogenic, ultimately resulting in greater rejection and inflammatory responses by the host and, in turn, degeneration of the graft.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}303{"query": "Question: Does a cluster-randomized trial show telephone peer coaching for parents reduces children 's asthma morbidity?\nAnswer: This pragmatic telephone-based peer-training intervention reduced asthma impairment. Asthma risk was reduced in children with Medicaid insurance.", "pos": "Question: Does a pilot study of parent education intervention improve early childhood development among toddlers with sickle cell disease?\nAnswer: We report longitudinal results of the first home visitation program within the early childhood SCD population and show significant improvement in cognitive and EL development. Additionally, home environment was a significant predictor of cognitive development. Randomized controlled trials to test the impact of interventions targeting the home environment are warranted for this vulnerable population.", "neg": "Question: Does mobile phone use discourage adolescent smoking in Japan?\nAnswer: The hypothesis that the decrease in smoking prevalence among Japanese adolescents that has been observed in recent years is due to a mobile phone use can be rejected.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}304{"query": "Question: Is lipoprotein internalisation induced by oncogenic AMPK activation essential to maintain glioblastoma cell growth?\nAnswer: Our findings demonstrate that AMPK plays a crucial role in glioblastoma cell growth and suggest that blocking lipoprotein receptors could potentially be used as a plausible therapeutic approach for these and other type of tumours with high levels of AMPK.", "pos": "Question: Does pI3K and Bcl-2 inhibition prime glioblastoma cells to apoptosis through downregulation of Mcl-1 and Phospho-BAD?\nAnswer: Combination therapy with ABT-263 and GDC-0941 has novel therapeutic potential by specifically targeting aberrantly active, deregulated pathways in GBM, overcoming endogenous resistance to apoptosis.", "neg": "Question: Are regulatory T cells a strong predictor of survival for patients with glioblastoma?\nAnswer: Although immunosuppression is a hallmark of glioblastoma, Tregs as measured in tissue by gene expression, immunohistochemistry, or demethylation and Tregs in peripheral blood measured by flow cytometry do not predict survival of patients. Quantitative DNA demethylation analysis provides an objective, sensitive, and specific way of identifying Tregs and CD3+ T cells in glioblastoma.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}305{"query": "Question: Are tools for assessing the content of guidelines needed to enable their effective use -- a systematic comparison?\nAnswer: None of the tools analyzed enables the structured and comprehensive assessment of the content of guideline recommendations with special regard to their reliability and validity. All tools contribute towards the judicious use of evidence syntheses by supporting their systematic development or assessment. However, further progress is needed, particularly with regard to the assessment of content quality. This includes comprehensive operationalization and documentation of the assessment process to ensure reliability and validity, and therefore to enable the effective use of trustworthy guidelines in the health care system.", "pos": "Question: Is standards and guidelines for observational studies : quality in the eye of the beholder?\nAnswer: The lack of observational study standard/guideline agreement may contribute to variation in study conduct; disparities in what is considered credible research; and ultimately, what evidence is adopted. A common set of agreed on standards/guidelines for conducting observational studies will benefit funders, researchers, journal editors, and decision makers.", "neg": "Question: Are early warning scores generated in developed healthcare settings sufficient at predicting early mortality in Blantyre , Malawi : a prospective cohort study?\nAnswer: Using an EWS generated in developed healthcare systems in resource limited settings results in loss of sensitivity and specificity. A score based on predictors of mortality specific to the Malawian population showed enhanced accuracy but not enough to warrant clinical use. Despite an assumption of common physiological responses, disease and population differences seem to strongly determine the performance of EWS. Local validation and impact assessment of these scores should precede their adoption in resource limited settings.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}306{"query": "Question: Is high blood eosinophil count a risk factor for future asthma exacerbations in adult persistent asthma?\nAnswer: A high blood eosinophil count is a risk factor for increased future asthma exacerbations and excessive short-acting β2-agonist use after adjustment of potential confounders in adults with persistent asthma, which suggests a higher disease burden in patients with asthma and with high blood eosinophil counts.", "pos": "Question: Are women , patients with severe asthma , and patients attended by primary care physicians , at higher risk of suffering from poorly controlled asthma?\nAnswer: After model adjustment, we suggest that being female, suffering from more severe asthma, or being attended by a primary care physician, could pose a significantly higher risk of having poorly controlled asthma in adults.", "neg": "Question: Does beta-adrenergic agonism impair the GH response to acylated ghrelin in humans?\nAnswer: The GH-releasing effect of AG is refractory to the inhibitory effect of SLB-induced beta-adrenergic receptor activation. Although further studies are needed to confirm these results during the lifespan and particularly during prolonged exposure to beta agonists, the present data clearly suggest that, among GH stimulatory tests, AG administration might be the most suitable in clinical conditions of chronic treatment with beta-2 agonists, such as in asthmatic disease.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}307{"query": "Question: Do phosphorus application and elevated CO2 enhance drought tolerance in field pea grown in a phosphorus-deficient vertisol?\nAnswer: Phosphorus application and eCO2 interactively enhanced periodic drought tolerance in field pea as a result of decreased stomatal conductance, deeper rooting and high Pi availability for carbon assimilation in leaves.", "pos": "Question: Does drought degree constrain the beneficial effects of a fungal endophyte on Atractylodes lancea?\nAnswer: Plant traits plasticity was conferred by dual effects of drought stress and FEs, and these factors are interactive. Although FEs can help plants cope with drought stress, the beneficial effects are strictly constrained by drought degree.", "neg": "Question: Is apomixis prevalent in subnival to nival plants of the European Alps?\nAnswer: The occurrence of apomixis is not correlated to high altitudes, and cannot be readily explained by selective forces due to environmental conditions. The investigated species have probably other adaptations to high altitudes to maintain reproductive assurance via sexuality. We hypothesize that shifts to apomixis are rather connected to frequencies of polyploidization than to ecological conditions.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}308{"query": "Question: Do parental characteristics have a larger effect on children 's health behaviour than their body weight?\nAnswer: These results suggest that parental behaviour and role modeling provide an important contribution to childrens' health behaviour, especially at younger ages.", "pos": "Question: Does active lifestyle in childhood and adolescence prevent obesity development in young adulthood?\nAnswer: An active lifestyle throughout childhood and adolescence could prevent obesity development in young adulthood.", "neg": "Question: 's `` It an issue at the moment '' : a qualitative study of mothers about childhood obesity?\nAnswer: Interventions to prevent overweight and obesity need to focus on equipping parents with the skills to translate their knowledge into behavior and lay the foundations early for their children to develop healthy habits.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}309{"query": "Question: Do elevated levels of preoperative circulating CD44⁺ lymphocytes and neutrophils predict poor survival for non-small cell lung cancer patients?\nAnswer: CD44(+) lymphocytes along with neutrophils could serve as an independent prognostic marker for NSCLC patients.", "pos": "Question: Does expression of Bcl-2 predict outcome in locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with cisplatin-based concurrent chemoradiotherapy?\nAnswer: High expression of Bcl-2 may be a useful prognostic factor in locally advanced NSCLC patients treated with cisplatin-based CCRT.", "neg": "Question: Does potential prognostic marker ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase-L1 predict patient survival in non-small cell lung carcinoma?\nAnswer: Although UCH-L1 appears to be involved in carcinogenic processes in NSCLC cell lines, the absence of correlation with patient survival indicates that caution is required in the use of UCH-L1 as a potential prognostic marker for advanced stage and metastasis in lung carcinoma.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}310{"query": "Question: Does cardiac-specific ablation of synapse-associated protein SAP97 in mice decrease potassium currents but not sodium current?\nAnswer: These data suggest that ablation of SAP97 in the mouse heart mainly alters potassium channel function. Based on the important role of SAP97 in regulating the QT interval, DLG1 may be a susceptibility gene to be investigated in patients with congenital long QT syndrome.", "pos": "Question: Does the renin-angiotensin system promote arrhythmogenic substrates and lethal arrhythmias in mice with non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy?\nAnswer: Renin inhibition or genetic deletion of AT1aR suppresses pathological cardiac remodelling that leads to the generation of substrates maintaining VT/VF and reduces the occurrence of sudden death in dnNRSF-Tg mice. These findings demonstrate the significant contribution of RAS activation to the progression of arrhythmogenic substrates.", "neg": "Question: Does mutation of alpha1G T-type calcium channels in mice change anesthetic requirements for loss of the righting reflex and minimum alveolar concentration but delays the onset of anesthetic induction?\nAnswer: The 50% effective concentration for loss of righting reflex and MAC values for the volatile anesthetics were not altered after alpha1G calcium channel knockout, indicating that normal functioning of alpha1G calcium channels is not required for the maintenance of anesthetic hypnosis and immobility. However, the timely induction of anesthesia/hypnosis by volatile anesthetic agents and some intravenous anesthetic agents may require the normal functioning of these channel subunits.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}311{"query": "Question: Does imaging DNA damage allow detection of preneoplasia in the BALB-neuT model of breast cancer?\nAnswer: DDR imaging using (111)In-anti-γH2AX-TAT identified mammary tumors significantly earlier than MR imaging. Imaging the DDR holds promise for the detection of preneoplasia and as a technique for screening cancer-prone individuals.", "pos": "Question: Is a prior diagnosis of breast cancer a risk factor for breast cancer in BRCA1 and BRCA2 carriers?\nAnswer: In a woman with a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation who is diagnosed with breast cancer, the risk of cancer in the contralateral breast depends on the first diagnosis. That observation supports the hypothesis that there are important genetic or non-genetic modifiers of cancer risk in BRCA carriers. Discovering risk modifiers might lead to greater personalization of risk assessment and management recommendations for BRCA-positive patients.", "neg": "Question: Is haptoglobin phenotype a predictor of recurrence free survival in high-risk primary breast cancer patients?\nAnswer: In contrast to our initial results, the haptoglobin phenotype was not identified as a predictor of recurrence free survival in high-risk primary breast cancer in our validation set. Our initial observation in the discovery set was probably the result of a type I error (i.e. false positive). This study illustrates the importance of validation in obtaining the true clinical applicability of a potential biomarker.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}312{"query": "Question: Does glioma-derived versican promote tumor expansion via glioma-associated microglial/macrophages Toll-like receptor 2 signaling?\nAnswer: Our results show that versican released from glioma promotes tumor expansion through glioma-associated microglial/macrophage TLR2 signaling and subsequent expression of MT1-MMP. This signaling cascade might be a novel target for glioma therapies.", "pos": "Question: Does active CREB1 promote a malignant TGFβ2 autocrine loop in glioblastoma?\nAnswer: TGFβ is considered a promising therapeutic target, and several clinical trials using TGFβ inhibitors are generating encouraging results. Here, we discerned the molecular mechanisms responsible for the aberrantly high levels of TGFβ2 found in certain tumors, and we propose biomarkers to predict the clinical response to anti-TGFβ therapies.", "neg": "Question: Is mRNA expression of RRM1 , ERCC1 and ERCC2 associated with chemosensitivity to cisplatin , carboplatin and gemcitabine in human lung cancer cell lines?\nAnswer: These in vitro results suggest that further studies are needed to evaluate the expression of the RRM1, ERCC1 and ERCC2 genes as predictive biomarkers for sensitivity to platinum agents and gemcitabine.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}313{"query": "Question: Is care of patients undergoing vascular surgery at safety net public hospitals associated with higher cost but similar mortality to nonsafety net hospitals?\nAnswer: Patients undergoing vascular surgery at SNPHs, despite being younger, had higher comorbidities, presented more urgently with more advanced disease, and incurred higher costs than the SNPH cohort despite similar adjusted odds of in-hospital mortality. Delayed presentation and higher comorbidities are most likely related to poor access to routine and preventive health care for the SNPH patients.", "pos": "Question: Are hyperglycemia , hypoglycemia , and glycemic complexity associated with worse outcomes after surgery?\nAnswer: We found that hypoglycemia (glucose<71 mg/dL) and hyperglycemia (glucose>140 mg/dL) were associated with increased risk of complications, whereas greater complexity of the glucose time series was associated with mortality.", "neg": "Question: Does use of acute hospital beds increase as the population ages : results from a seven year cohort study in Germany?\nAnswer: Lifelong hospital utilisation for persons who die at 50 or later is directly proportional to the number of years lived. These data contradict results from cross sectional studies that suggest an exponential rise in health care costs as longevity increases. They have important implications for projections of future health care expenditure.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}314{"query": "Question: Does older age limit postbariatric surgery cognitive benefits : a preliminary investigation?\nAnswer: The present study provides preliminary evidence suggesting that older age does not preclude postbariatric surgery cognitive benefits. Prospective studies in more age diverse samples (i.e., up to 70 yr) are needed to determine whether bariatric surgery can reduce risk of age-related neurologic conditions like Alzheimer's disease and stroke.", "pos": "Question: Is aging over 70 Years a Decisively Dismal Prognostic Factor in Gastric Cancer Surgery?\nAnswer: This study demonstrated that there was more number of accompanying disorders with a high surgical risk in the older age group. However, there was no significant difference between the older and younger age groups in terms of the incidence of complications, under the given disease conditions and if proper management was provided.", "neg": "Question: Is pre-surgical cortical activation to food pictures associated with weight loss following bariatric surgery?\nAnswer: We found that neural activity in previously established regions associated with cognitive and behavioral self-regulation predicts weight loss following bariatric surgery. These preliminary findings highlight the role of neural circuitry in the success and maintenance of weight loss and suggest a possible future use of fMRI in screening LAGB surgery candidates.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}315{"query": "Question: Is self-reported sleep disturbance associated with Alzheimer 's disease risk in men?\nAnswer: Improving sleep quality may help reduce the neurodegenerative risk in older men.", "pos": "Question: Is high self-perceived exercise exertion before bedtime associated with greater objectively assessed sleep efficiency?\nAnswer: Against expectations and general recommendations for sleep hygiene, high self-perceived exercise exertion before bedtime was associated with better sleep patterns in a sample of healthy young adults. Further studies should also focus on elderly adults and adults suffering from insomnia.", "neg": "Question: Does sleep loss aggravate the deteriorating effect of hypoglycemia on neurocognitive function in healthy men?\nAnswer: One night of total SD deteriorates neurocognitive function as reflected by indicators of attentive stimulus processing, but does not synergistically aggravate the impairing influence of acute hypoglycemia. The findings are not consistent with the view that neurocognitive deteriorations after SD result from challenged cerebral glucose metabolism.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}316{"query": "Question: Does a group of segmental premotor interneurons regulate the speed of axial locomotion in Drosophila larvae?\nAnswer: Our results suggest that PMSIs control the speed of axial locomotion by limiting, via inhibition, the duration of motor outputs in each segment. Similar mechanisms are found in the regulation of mammalian limb locomotion, suggesting that common strategies may be used to control the speed of animal movements in a diversity of species.", "pos": "Question: Do par3 and dynein associate to regulate local microtubule dynamics and centrosome orientation during migration?\nAnswer: Par3 associates with dynein and contributes to the local regulation of MT dynamics at cell-cell contacts and proper positioning of the centrosome at the cell center. We propose that Par3 acts as a cortical factor that tethers MTs through its association with LIC2 dynein.", "neg": "Question: Does expression of the pair-rule gene homologs runt , Pax3/7 , even-skipped-1 and even-skipped-2 during larval and juvenile development of the polychaete annelid Capitella teleta support a role in segmentation?\nAnswer: C. teleta eve, Pax3/7 and runt homologs all have distinct expression patterns and share expression domains with homologs from other bilaterians. None of the pair-rule orthologs examined in C. teleta exhibit segmental or pair-rule stripes of expression in the ectoderm or mesoderm, consistent with an independent origin of segmentation between annelids and arthropods.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}317{"query": "Question: Do plasma membrane-targeted PIN proteins drive shoot development in a moss?\nAnswer: Our results show that PIN-mediated auxin transport is an ancient, conserved regulator of shoot development.", "pos": "Question: Are organ boundary NAC-domain transcription factors implicated in the evolution of petal fusion?\nAnswer: Together with previous data, our results demonstrate conservation of petunia CUC-like genes in establishing inter-floral whorl organ boundaries, as well as functional evolution to affect the fusion of petunia petals.", "neg": "Question: Is ischemia required for arteriogenesis in zebrafish embryos?\nAnswer: We conclude that NO and myeloid cell-dependent collateral vessel development is an evolutionarily ancient response to arterial occlusion and is able to proceed in the absence of ischemia.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}318{"query": "Question: Do axonal Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease patient-derived motor neurons demonstrate disease-specific phenotypes including abnormal electrophysiological properties?\nAnswer: Human iPSC-derived motor neurons from axonal CMT patients replicated key pathophysiological features observed in other models of MFN2 and NEFL mutations, including abnormal cytoskeletal and mitochondrial dynamics. Electrophysiological abnormalities found in axonal CMT iPSC-derived human motor neurons suggest that these cells are hyperexcitable and have altered sodium and calcium channel kinetics. These findings may provide a new therapeutic target for this group of heterogeneous inherited neuropathies.", "pos": "Question: Does transcranial magnetic stimulation reveal cortical hyperexcitability in episodic cluster headache?\nAnswer: We investigated cortical excitability in episodic cluster headache by using transcranial magnetic stimulation, providing evidence of cortical hyperexcitability in patients both inside and outside bout. We suggest that an abnormal state of cortical excitability could be involved in the pathophysiology of the disease.", "neg": "Question: Is eRK phosphorylation increased in papillary thyroid carcinomas with BRAF ( V600E ) mutation compared to that of corresponding normal thyroid tissues?\nAnswer: In human BRAF(V600E) (+) PTCs, ERK phosphorylation is decreased compared to normal thyroid glands and the observed decrease in ERK1/2 MAPK phosphorylation in BRAF(V600E) (+) PTCs may be associated with increased MKP-3 activity.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}319{"query": "Question: Does gastroprotective effect of the iridoid fraction from Barleria prionitis leave on experimentally-induced gastric ulceration?\nAnswer: The data shows that the iridoid fraction from BPE possesses anti-ulcerogenic and antioxidant potential.", "pos": "Question: Does antioxidant effect of Phyllanthus emblica extract prevent contrast-induced acute kidney injury?\nAnswer: This study demonstrated the protective role of PE extract against CI-AKI.", "neg": "Question: Is successful mitigation of delayed intestinal radiation injury using pravastatin associated with acute injury improvement or tumor protection?\nAnswer: Pravastatin provides effective protection against delayed radiation enteropathy without interfering with the primary antitumor action of radiotherapy, suggesting that clinical transfer is feasible.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}320{"query": "Question: Does tetramethylpyrazine protect lymphocytes from radiation-induced apoptosis through nuclear factor-κB?\nAnswer: The results suggest that TMP had a radioprotective effect through the NF-κB pathway to inhibit apoptosis, and it may be an effective candidate for treating radiation diseases associated with cell apoptosis.", "pos": "Question: Does ibulocydine sensitize human cancers to radiotherapy by induction of mitochondria-mediated apoptosis?\nAnswer: IB demonstrated the property of sensitizing human cancer cells to RT by induction of mitochondria-mediated apoptosis, suggesting that IB deserves to be applied for chemoradiotherapy.", "neg": "Question: Is successful mitigation of delayed intestinal radiation injury using pravastatin associated with acute injury improvement or tumor protection?\nAnswer: Pravastatin provides effective protection against delayed radiation enteropathy without interfering with the primary antitumor action of radiotherapy, suggesting that clinical transfer is feasible.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}321{"query": "Question: Is persistent insomnia associated with mortality risk?\nAnswer: In a population-based cohort, persistent, and not intermittent, insomnia was associated with increased risk for all-cause and cardiopulmonary mortality and was associated with a steeper increase in inflammation.", "pos": "Question: Are complaints of sleep disturbances associated with cardiovascular disease : results from the Gutenberg Health Study?\nAnswer: Given the high prevalence of complaints of sleep disturbances and their strong impact on health status, increased efforts should be undertaken for their identification and treatment.", "neg": "Question: Does cardiac troponin I independently predict mortality in critically ill patients with severe sepsis?\nAnswer: Critically ill patients with severe sepsis who had elevated troponin had increased hospital and intensive care mortality. However, cardiac troponin I did not independently predict hospital mortality.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}322{"query": "Question: Does vitamin E attenuate neurotoxicity induced by deltamethrin in rats?\nAnswer: From this study we concluded that VE supplementation has beneficial impacts on DM neurotoxicity in rats through its antioxidant and antiapoptotic properties.", "pos": "Question: Does rESVERATROL TREATMENT prevent HIPPOCAMAL NEURODEGENERATION IN A RODENT MODEL OF TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY?\nAnswer: Our results demonstrated that RVT had a healing effect on neurons after TBI.", "neg": "Question: Does valproic acid-mediated inhibition of trimethyltin-induced deficits in memory and learning in the rat directly depend on its anti-oxidant properties?\nAnswer: The results of present study showed that VPA attenuates TMT-induced memory deficits. Protective effects against brain tissues oxidative damage might have a role in the beneficial effects of VPA.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}323{"query": "Question: Does glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor promote β-catenin phosphorylation and nuclear translocation in glioma cells?\nAnswer: The results of our study demonstrate that GDNF increases the intracellular phosphorylation level of β-catenin through N-cadherin/Src signaling, which subsequently stimulates the nuclear translocation of β-catenin. This study provides a theoretical basis for us to reveal the role of biological mechanisms on glioma cell by GDNF.", "pos": "Question: Does glioma-derived versican promote tumor expansion via glioma-associated microglial/macrophages Toll-like receptor 2 signaling?\nAnswer: Our results show that versican released from glioma promotes tumor expansion through glioma-associated microglial/macrophage TLR2 signaling and subsequent expression of MT1-MMP. This signaling cascade might be a novel target for glioma therapies.", "neg": "Question: Does in human IgA nephropathy uteroglobin play the role inferred from transgenic mice?\nAnswer: This first report of human IgA nephropathy after the publication of the mouse model shows that UG is not reduced in circulation and is even increased in IgA-Fn complexes. Because aberrant IgA1 glycosylation is the event initiating IgA nephropathy in humans, we speculate that the enhanced incorporation of UG into IgA-Fn complexes might represent feedback to reduce the formation of macromolecular aggregates.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}324{"query": "Question: Does statin treatment affect cytokine release and phagocytic activity in primary cultured microglia through two separable mechanisms?\nAnswer: The disparity in cholesterol dependence of cytokine release and phagocytosis suggests the two effects occur through distinct molecular mechanisms. These two pathways may provide an opportunity for further refinement of pharmacotherapies for neuroinflammatory, neurodegenerative, and neuropsychiatric disorders.", "pos": "Question: Are the expression of efflux and uptake transporters regulated by statins in Caco-2 and HepG2 cells?\nAnswer: These findings reveal that statins exhibits differential effects on mRNA expression of drug transporters, and this effect depends on the cell type. Furthermore, alterations in the expression levels of drug transporters in the liver and/or intestine may contribute to the variability in oral disposition of statins.Acta Pharmacologica Sinica (2009) 30: 956-964; doi: 10.1038/aps.2009.85; published online 22 June 2009.", "neg": "Question: Are memory deficits in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis exclusively caused by executive dysfunction : a comparative neuropsychological study of amnestic mild cognitive impairment?\nAnswer: The presented results indicate that the interpretation of neuropsychological scores needs to take the distinct cognitive profiles in ALS and aMCI into consideration. Importantly, the observed memory deficits in ALS were distinctly different from those observed in aMCI and can be explained only to some extent in the context of comorbid (coexisting) executive dysfunction. These findings highlight the qualitative differences in temporal lobe dysfunction between ALS and aMCI patients, and support temporal lobe dysfunction as a mechanism underlying the distinct cognitive impairments observed in ALS.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}325{"query": "Question: Are the Expression of RAC1 and Mineralocorticoid Pathway-Dependent Genes Associated With Different Responses to Salt Intake?\nAnswer: RAC1 expression was associated with an increase in MR, NGAL, NF-κB, and HO-1 expression, suggesting that RAC1 could be a mediator of cardiovascular damage induced by sodium, and may also useful to identify subjects with different responses to salt intake.", "pos": "Question: Does upregulation of caveolin-1 contribute to aggravated high-salt diet-induced endothelial dysfunction and hypertension in type 1 diabetic rats?\nAnswer: Impaired endothelial Akt activation and increased cav-1 expression and resultant decreased eNOS activation contributes to aggravated high-salt diet-induced endothelial dysfunction and hypertension in DM rats.", "neg": "Question: Is nitric oxide-dependent renal vasodilatation altered in rat with rHuEpo-induced hypertension?\nAnswer: The analysis of our results seems to indicate that the endogenous NO system activity was enhanced in rHuEpo-induced hypertension in rats with normal renal function and a resistance to NO was not developed in renal circulation. Further studies seem to be necessary to better clarify the exact mechanisms underlying the development of rHuEpo-induced hypertension.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}326{"query": "Question: Are statin medications associated with a lower probability of having an abnormal screening prostate-specific antigen result?\nAnswer: Statin use is associated with a reduction in the probability that an older man will have an abnormal screening PSA result, regardless of the PSA threshold. This reduction is more pronounced with higher statin dose, longer statin duration, and higher statin potency.", "pos": "Question: Is low percentage of free prostate-specific antigen ( PSA ) a strong predictor of later detection of prostate cancer among Japanese men with serum levels of total PSA of 4.0 ng/mL or less?\nAnswer: A low %fPSA is a strong predictor of a subsequent diagnosis of prostate cancer among men with tPSA levels ≤4.0 ng/mL. Measurement of %fPSA might enhance the detection of high-grade cancer that warrants aggressive treatment.", "neg": "Question: Do the periurethral glands significantly influence the serum prostate specific antigen concentration?\nAnswer: The greatest difference in median PSA levels that could be found between men with and without periurethral glands when using 3 different ultra-sensitive assays was 0.01 ng./ml., indicating that the periurethral glands do not have a clinically significant effect on serum PSA concentration after radical prostatectomy. Thus, a serum PSA level above the residual cancer detection limit following radical prostatectomy, even if obtained with a ultra-sensitive assay, reflects either malignant or benign residual prostatic tissue, rather than the presence of periurethral glands.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}327{"query": "Question: Does systemic delivery of human bone marrow embryonic-like stem cells improve motor function of severely affected dystrophin/utrophin-deficient mice?\nAnswer: ELSCs could be more efficiently induced to differentiate into myotubes than were MSCs in vitro, and systematically transplanting ELSCs improved muscle motor function and muscle histology in dko mice.", "pos": "Question: Does intrabone marrow injection enhance placental mesenchymal stem cellmediated support of hematopoiesis in mice?\nAnswer: Our results not only elucidated the role of PMSCs in promoting hematopoiesis, but also revealed the therapeutic potential of the combination of PMSCs and IBMI in transplantation.", "neg": "Question: Are transplanted bone marrow stromal cells cellular origin of hepatocellular carcinomas in a mouse model of carcinogenesis?\nAnswer: Hepatic stem cells derived from the bone marrow stromal cells have a low malignant potential in our mouse model of chemical hepatocarcingenesis.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}328{"query": "Question: Is uRG4 overexpression correlated with cervical cancer progression and poor prognosis in patients with early-stage cervical cancer?\nAnswer: Our results demonstrated that elevated URG4 protein expression is associated with a poor outcome in patients with early-stage cervical cancer. URG4 may be a novel prognostic marker and therapeutic target for the treatment of cervical cancer.", "pos": "Question: Is tumor-related leukocytosis associated with poor radiation response and clinical outcome in uterine cervical cancer patients?\nAnswer: This study reveals the aggressive nature of cervical cancer with TRL and its poor response to radiation therapy. Given the unfavorable prognosis and higher probability of treatment failure, optimal diagnostic and therapeutic approaches and careful monitoring for early detection of recurrence should be considered for these patients.", "neg": "Question: Do preoperative serum levels of c-erbB-2 seem to be useful in management of patients with rectal cancer?\nAnswer: Although preoperative serum c-erbB-2 levels were significantly higher in rectal cancer patients than in healthy controls, the soluble c-erbB-2 does not seem to be useful in the diagnosis of rectal cancer due to its low sensitivity. Preoperative serum levels of this oncoprotein were predictive neither for overall survival nor for local recurrence/distant metastases in rectal cancer patients.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}329{"query": "Question: Is fragmented QRS associated with frequency of premature ventricular contractions in patients without overt cardiac disease?\nAnswer: This study demonstrated that the presence of fQRS is associated with frequent PVCs in patients without overt structural heart disease.", "pos": "Question: Is time-domain T-wave alternans strongly associated with a history of ventricular fibrillation in patients with Brugada syndrome?\nAnswer: Elevated time-domain TWA on AECG confirms arrhythmia risk in symptomatic BrS patients without the need for provocative stimuli.", "neg": "Question: Are asymptomatic ventricular premature depolarizations necessarily benign?\nAnswer: The absence of typical VPD-related symptoms may be a risk factor for cardiomyopathy and be associated with an adverse outcome.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}330{"query": "Question: Does adjustment of sensitisation and challenge protocols restore functional and inflammatory responses to ovalbumin in guinea-pigs?\nAnswer: This study has shown that declining allergic responses to Ova in guinea-pigs could be restored by increasing the sensitisation and challenge conditions. It has also demonstrated an important dissociation between EAR, LAR, AHR and inflammation.", "pos": "Question: Does endotoxemia augment neurogenic plasma exudation in guinea pig lungs?\nAnswer: LPS augments neurogenic plasma exudation partly through NK-1 receptors to increase vascular permeability and partly via the generation of oxidative metabolites. Tachykinins released from nerve endings may contribute to endotoxin-related pulmonary inflammatory responses.", "neg": "Question: Does oral tolerance induction resolve gastrointestinal inflammation in a mouse model of food allergy?\nAnswer: Our mouse model would be useful to investigate inflammatory and regulatory mechanisms in food-induced intestinal allergies. Our results suggest potential gastrointestinal inflammation in patients undergoing OIT as continuous administration of allergenic foods, even though the therapy may induce clinical tolerance.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}331{"query": "Question: Is expression of growth arrest and DNA damage inducible 45a in human oral squamous cell carcinoma associated with tumor progression and clinical outcome?\nAnswer: The results showed that Gadd45a was redistributed to cytoplasm in poorly differentiated carcinoma from its nucleus location in normal tissue (P < 0.05). The expression of Gadd45a was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis, tumor stage and tumor histological grade (P < 0.05). Knockdown of Gadd45a gene abolished the G2/M arrest and increased migrating ability of Tca8113 cell (P < 0.05). The results indicate that Gadd45a play an important role in OSCC metastasis by affecting the bioactivity of the tumor cells, and its distribution may serve for the prediction of clinical outcome of OSCC.", "pos": "Question: Does wNT5A induce release of exosomes containing pro-angiogenic and immunosuppressive factors from malignant melanoma cells?\nAnswer: These data indicate that WNT5A has a broader function on tumor progression and metastatic spread than previously known; by inducing exosome-release of immunomodulatory and pro-angiogenic factors that enhance the immunosuppressive and angiogenic capacity of the tumors thus rendering them more aggressive and more prone to metastasize.", "neg": "Question: Does tumor size predict risk of metastatic disease or prognosis of small renal cell carcinomas?\nAnswer: More than 85% of small solid renal tumors are renal cell carcinoma. The majority of localized small renal tumors can be cured with existing surgical approaches. However, there is a small but not insignificant risk of synchronous and metachronous metastatic disease and cancer associated death. Patients considering experimental therapies such as ablation and surveillance should be aware of this. Tumor size alone is not sufficient to distinguish renal cell carcinoma with benign behavior from aggressive small renal cell carcinoma. Survival of patients with small metastatic renal cell carcinoma is better then expected. The biology of these unique tumors should be further studied.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}332{"query": "Question: Does alteration of inflammatory response by shock wave therapy lead to reduced calcification of decellularized aortic xenografts in mice†?\nAnswer: SWs reduce the calcification of subcutaneously implanted decellularized xenografts via the modulation of the acute macrophage-mediated inflammatory response and improves the in vitro repopulation of decellularized grafts. It may therefore serve as a feasible adjunct to heart valve tissue engineering.", "pos": "Question: Does hypoxia augment the calcium-activated chloride current carried by anoctamin-1 in cardiac vascular endothelial cells of neonatal mice?\nAnswer: Ano1 formed CaCC in CVECs of neonatal mice. Hypoxia enhances Ano1-mediated ICl ( C a) density via increasing its expression, altering the ratio of its splicing variants, sensitivity to membrane voltage and to Ca(2+) . Ano1 may play a role in the pathophysiological processes during ischaemia in heart, and therefore, Ano1 might be a potential therapeutic target to prevent ischaemic damage.", "neg": "Question: Does the fibrinogen γA/γ ' isoform promote acute arterial thrombosis in mice?\nAnswer: Both γA/γA and γA/γ' fibrinogen were cleaved by murine and human thrombin and were incorporated into murine and human clots. When γA/γA or γA/γ' was spiked into plasma, γA/γA increased the fibrin formation rate to a greater extent than γA/γ'. In mice, compared to controls, γA/γA infusion shortened the time to carotid artery occlusion, whereas γA/γ' infusion did not. Additionally, γA/γ' infusion led to lower levels of plasma thrombin-antithrombin complexes following arterial injury, whereas γA/γA infusion did not. These data suggest that γA/γ' binds thrombin in vivo and decreases prothrombotic activity. Together, these findings indicate that elevated levels of γA/γA fibrinogen promote arterial thrombosis in vivo, whereas γA/γ' does not.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}333{"query": "Question: Does multicenter immunohistochemical ALK-testing of non-small-cell lung cancer show high concordance after harmonization of techniques and interpretation criteria?\nAnswer: This so-called \"ALK-Harmonization-Study\" shows for the first time that predictive semiquantitative IHC reveals reliable and reproducible results across several labs when methodology and interpretation are strictly defined and the pathologists are uniquely trained. The application of validated ALK IHC assays and its comparison to ALK-FISH is highly needed in future clinical trials. This might answer the question if ALK-IHC cannot only serve as a prescreening tool, but as a stand-alone test at least in cases displaying an unequivocally staining pattern as well as an alternative predictive test in samples with reduced FISH interpretability.", "pos": "Question: Are hDGF and ADAM9 novel molecular staging biomarkers , prognostic biomarkers and predictive biomarkers for adjuvant chemotherapy in surgically resected stage I non-small cell lung cancer?\nAnswer: These results clearly demonstrate that ADAM9 high expression is correlated positively and significantly with HDGF high expression, which provides essential evidence for the novel HDGF-ADAM9 pathway, through which HDGF promotes invasion and metastasis of NSCLC cells; HDGF and ADAM9 are novel molecular staging biomarkers, prognostic biomarkers, which might become useful predictive biomarkers for the selection of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy treatment in surgically resected stage I NSCLC.", "neg": "Question: Do all aggressive lymphoma subtypes share similar outcome after front-line autotransplantation : a matched-control analysis by the Groupe d'Etude des Lymphomes de l'Adulte ( GELA )?\nAnswer: This cohort study confirms the high efficacy of front-line ASCT in responding aggressive B-NHL patients with adverse prognostic factors.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}334{"query": "Question: Does the novel surfactant protein SP-H enhance the phagocytosis efficiency of macrophage-like cell lines U937 and MH-S?\nAnswer: It can be assumed that SP-H is involved in regulating phagocytic activity of macrophages. SP-H is a new player in pulmonary host defence.", "pos": "Question: Are mitogen-activated protein kinases and NFkappaB involved in SP-A-enhanced responses of macrophages to mycobacteria?\nAnswer: These results demonstrate that BCG and SP-A-BCG ingestion by macrophages is accompanied by activation of signaling pathways involving the MAP kinase pathway and NFkappaB.", "neg": "Question: Is membrane-associated heparan sulfate required for rAAV-2 infection of human respiratory epithelia?\nAnswer: Lack of cell membrane HSPG in pulmonary epithelia and other cell lines results in only moderate decrease in susceptibility to rAAV-2 infection, and this decrease may be less important at high MOIs. Other cell membrane glycosaminoglycans can play a role in permitting attachment and subsequent rAAV-2 internalization. Targeting alternative membrane glycosaminoglycans may aid in improving the efficacy of rAAV-2 for pulmonary applications.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}335{"query": "Question: Does the rtPA increase MMP-9 activity in serum during ischaemic stroke?\nAnswer: Thrombolysis applied for IS treatment increases MMP-9 activity in serum, however, rtPA does not facilitate the conversion of pro-MMP-9 into the active form. Our results also suggest the involvement of MMP-3 to the biochemical processes occurring during acute phase of IS.", "pos": "Question: Is postischemic attenuation of cerebral artery reactivity increased in the presence of tissue plasminogen activator?\nAnswer: These results demonstrate that both ischemia and rtPA perfusion diminish cerebral artery reactivity and that the combination may produce an additive effect. This impaired reactivity may contribute to reperfusion-induced injury during or after thrombolysis by altering upstream cerebrovascular resistance.", "neg": "Question: Does infliximab therapy modify MMP-2 and MMP-9 serum concentrations in chronic arthritis?\nAnswer: Our study provides further evidence that blocking TNFalpha by infliximab is a powerful tool in the management of chronic arthritis. Nevertheless, infliximab does not seem to be able to modify the serum expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9, probably because modification of these enzymes is restricted to the site of joint inflammation and serum detection can not truly mirror the local situation. Additional soluble factors correlating with joint damage should be investigated as possible markers for monitoring anti-TNFalpha therapy.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}336{"query": "Question: Does tRAIL receptor deletion in mice suppress the inflammation of nutrient excess?\nAnswer: These data advance the concept that macrophage-associated hepatic and adipose tissue inflammation of nutrient excess requires TR signaling.", "pos": "Question: Does thalidomide control adipose tissue inflammation associated with high-fat diet-induced obesity in mice?\nAnswer: Our results suggest that drugs that can modulate the inflammatory status as well as control adipose tissue expansion could represent an interesting approach in the management of obesity, highlighting the need for further development of such compounds.", "neg": "Question: Is subcutaneous adipose tissue cytokine production responsible for the restoration of systemic inflammation markers during weight loss?\nAnswer: A low-calorie diet is associated with an improvement in the systemic inflammatory status. This seems to be due to energy restriction rather than to adipose mass loss, since inflammatory levels return to baseline soon after weight stabilisation. Furthermore, a negative energy balance and fat mobilisation are associated with increased subcutaneous cytokine adipose expression.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}337{"query": "Question: Are hospitalisation costs for infant bronchiolitis up to 20 times higher if intensive care is needed?\nAnswer: The hospitalisation costs of infants treated in the PICU for bronchiolitis at <12 months of age were approximately four times more than for other inpatients and over 20 times more than for outpatients. Strategies are needed to reduce the need for intensive care.", "pos": "Question: Are early term infants at increased risk of requiring neonatal intensive care?\nAnswer: Being born at early term is associated with increased risk of respiratory disease and hypoglycemia requiring neonatal intensive care. Further efforts directed at decreasing early term deliveries may be warranted.", "neg": "Question: Is spinal cord stimulation cost-effective for non-surgical management of critical limb ischaemia?\nAnswer: Total costs of treatment in CLI are high. Major components are hospital and rehabilitation costs. In contrast to recent reviews, there were no long-term benefits of SCS-treatment. Therefore, cost-effectiveness is reduced to cost-minimisation and SCS-treatment is considerably more expensive than best medical treatment.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}338{"query": "Question: Is hospital readmission associated with poor survival after esophagectomy for esophageal cancer?\nAnswer: Hospital readmissions after esophagectomy for cancer occur frequently and are associated with worse survival. Improved identification of patients at risk for readmission after esophagectomy can inform patient selection, discharge planning, and outpatient monitoring. Optimization of such practices may lead to improved outcomes at reduced cost.", "pos": "Question: Does tumor stage after neoadjuvant chemotherapy determine survival after surgery for adenocarcinoma of the esophagus and esophagogastric junction?\nAnswer: The stage of esophageal or esophagogastric junction adenocarcinoma after neoadjuvant chemotherapy determines prognosis rather than the clinical stage before neoadjuvant chemotherapy, indicating the importance of focusing on postchemotherapy staging to more accurately predict outcome and eligibility for surgery. Patients who are downstaged by neoadjuvant chemotherapy benefit from reduced rates of local and systemic recurrence.", "neg": "Question: Is length of Stay From the Hospital Perspective : Practice of Early Discharge Associated With Increased Readmission Risk After Lung Cancer Surgery?\nAnswer: It is possible for hospitals to develop early discharge practices without increasing readmissions. Further study is needed to identify the critical practice elements that have enabled hospitals to aggressively discharge patients without increasing readmission risk.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}339{"query": "Question: Does polyphenol-enriched diet prevent coronary endothelial dysfunction by activating the Akt/eNOS pathway?\nAnswer: Pomanox supplementation hinders hyperlipemia-induced coronary endothelial dysfunction by activating the Akt/endothelial nitric oxide-synthase pathway and favorably counteracting vascular inflammation and oxidative damage.", "pos": "Question: Does atrial natriuretic peptide induce peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ during cardiac ischemia-reperfusion in swine heart?\nAnswer: Atrial natriuretic peptide may achieve its cardioprotective effects in part via the activation of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ pathway, particularly in central areas of ischemic lesions.", "neg": "Question: Does increased dietary cholesterol increase plasma low density lipoprotein when accompanied by an energy-restricted diet and weight loss?\nAnswer: An increased intake of dietary cholesterol from two eggs a day, does not increase total plasma or LDL cholesterol when accompanied by moderate weight loss. These findings suggest that cholesterol-rich foods should not be excluded from dietary advice to lose weight on account of an unfavorable influence on plasma LDL cholesterol.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}340{"query": "Question: Is malnutrition a prognostic factor in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma ( HCC )?\nAnswer: A significant proportion of patients with HCC is malnourished or at risk for malnutrition. Screening questionnaires and BIA measurement are superior to pure anthropometric measurements to identify the condition that negatively influences survival. The phase angle derived from body impedance analysis is an independent prognostic factor in patients with HCC.", "pos": "Question: Is prediction of critical weight loss during radiation treatment in head and neck cancer patients dependent on BMI?\nAnswer: Pre-treatment BMI, tumor site and stage predicted weight loss above 5 % in HNSCC patients during radiotherapy. BMI should be considered when analyzing weight loss in HNSCC patients receiving curative radiotherapy.", "neg": "Question: Are p16INK4A gene alterations a prognostic indicator for survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing curative hepatectomy?\nAnswer: p16INK4A is altered frequently and early in HCC, being the predominant mechanism of inactivation promoter hypermethylation. The present results suggest that the p16INK4A gene plays an important role in the pathogenesis of HCC.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}341{"query": "Question: Is histiocytoid Sweet syndrome infiltrated predominantly by M2-like macrophages?\nAnswer: The study includes a limited case series. The pathogenesis of the disease remains to be clarified.", "pos": "Question: Is hLA-Cw6 homozygosity in plaque psoriasis associated with streptococcal throat infections and pronounced improvement after tonsillectomy : A prospective case series?\nAnswer: Few patients were included and some data were retrospective.", "neg": "Question: Are current clinical criteria for Lynch syndrome sensitive enough to identify MSH6 mutation carriers?\nAnswer: Amsterdam criteria and each of the Bethesda criteria were inadequate for identifying MSH6 mutation-carrying kindreds. MSH6 mutations may be more common than currently assumed, and the penetrance/expression of MSH6 mutations, as derived from families meeting current clinical criteria, may be misleading. To increase detection rate of MMR mutation carriers, all cancers in the Lynch syndrome tumour spectrum should be subjected to immunohistochemical analysis and/or analysis for microsatellite instability.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}342{"query": "Question: Is sinR a mutational target for fine-tuning biofilm formation in laboratory-evolved strains of Bacillus subtilis?\nAnswer: Our data suggest that standard laboratory culturing conditions do not rapidly select against biofilm formation. Although biofilm matrix production is often reduced in domesticated bacterial strains, we found that matrix production may still have a fitness benefit in the laboratory. We suggest that adaptive specialization of biofilm-forming species can occur through mutations that modulate biofilm formation as in B. subtilis.", "pos": "Question: Does comparison of Xenorhabdus bovienii bacterial strain genomes reveal diversity in symbiotic functions?\nAnswer: The analyses presented here demonstrate that while general mechanisms by which X. bovienii bacterial strains interact with their invertebrate hosts are similar, the specific molecules mediating these interactions differ. Our data support that adaptation of individual bacterial strains to distinct hosts or niches has occurred. For example, diverse metabolic profiles among bacterial symbionts may have been selected by dissimilarities in nutritional requirements of their different nematode hosts. Similarly, factors involved in parasitism (e.g. immune suppression and microbial competition factors), likely differ based on evolution in response to naturally encountered organisms, such as insect hosts, competitors, predators or pathogens. This study provides insight into effectors of a symbiotic lifestyle, and also highlights that when mining Xenorhabdus species for novel natural products, including antibiotics and insecticidal toxins, analysis of multiple bacterial strains likely will increase the potential for the discovery of novel molecules.", "neg": "Question: Do fungal gene expression levels display a common mode of distribution?\nAnswer: Fungal gene expression patterns cannot generally be described by a single type of distribution (bimodal or Zipf's law). One hypothesis to explain this finding might be that gene expression in fungi is highly dynamic, and fine-tuned at the level of transcription not only for individual genes, but also at a global level.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}343{"query": "Question: Does ancient DNA provide new insight into the maternal lineages and domestication of Chinese donkeys?\nAnswer: This study is the first to provide valuable ancient animal DNA evidence for early trade between African and Asian populations. The ancient DNA analysis of Chinese donkeys also sheds light on the dynamic process of the maternal origin, domestication, and dispersal route of ancient Chinese donkeys.", "pos": "Question: Does integration of Bayesian molecular clock methods and fossil-based soft bounds reveal early Cenozoic origin of African lacertid lizards?\nAnswer: This study represents the first attempt to estimate evolutionary ages of a specific group of reptiles exhibiting uncertain phylogenetic relationships, molecular rate variation and a poor fossil record. Our results emphasize the sensitivity of molecular divergence dates to fossil calibrations, and support the use of combined molecular data sets and multiple, well-spaced dates from the fossil record as minimum node constraints. The bioinformatics program used here, TreeTime, is publicly available, and we recommend its use for molecular dating of taxa faced with similar challenges.", "neg": "Question: Do monogamy and high relatedness preferentially favor the evolution of cooperation?\nAnswer: The solitary ancestral species to cooperative breeders may have been predominantly monogamous, but it cannot be concluded that monogamy is a predisposing state for the evolution of helping behavior. Monogamy may simply be coincidental to other more important life history characteristics such as nest defense or sequential provisioning of offspring. The differing predictive outcome from a gene-based model also supports arguments that inclusive fitness formulations poorly model some evolutionary questions. Nevertheless, cooperation only evolves when benefits are provided for kin: helping alleles did not increase in frequency in the absence of potential gains in indirect fitness. The key question, therefore, is not whether kin selection occurs, but how best to elucidate the differing evolutionary advantages of genetic relatedness versus genetic diversity.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}344{"query": "Question: Do a critical analysis of secondary overtriage to a Level I trauma center?\nAnswer: A significant number of patients transferred to our trauma center were discharged within 24 hours; most of them required observation and/or minor procedures. Appropriately increasing primary hospital resources, in addition to interhospital outreach in the form of education or telemedicine, should be considered to decrease the number of avoidable transfers.", "pos": "Question: Does early tracheostomy in trauma patients save time and money?\nAnswer: In the current era of increased health-care costs, early tracheostomy significantly decreased both pulmonary morbidity and critical care resource utilization. This translates to an appreciable cost savings, at minimum $52,173 per patient and a potential total savings of $2.8million/year for the entire LT cohort. For trauma patients requiring prolonged ventilator support, early tracheostomy should be performed.", "neg": "Question: Is length of Stay From the Hospital Perspective : Practice of Early Discharge Associated With Increased Readmission Risk After Lung Cancer Surgery?\nAnswer: It is possible for hospitals to develop early discharge practices without increasing readmissions. Further study is needed to identify the critical practice elements that have enabled hospitals to aggressively discharge patients without increasing readmission risk.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}345{"query": "Question: Is fibromyalgia associated with coronary heart disease : a population-based cohort study?\nAnswer: An association between fibromyalgia and CHD appears to exist.", "pos": "Question: Is higher fibrinogen level independently linked with the presence and severity of new-onset coronary atherosclerosis among Han Chinese population?\nAnswer: Higher fibrinogen level is independently linked with the presence and severity of new-onset coronary atherosclerosis in Han Chinese population.", "neg": "Question: Is polymorphism in apoA1 Influences High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels but a Major Risk Factor of Alzheimer 's Disease?\nAnswer: Our data support the observation that apoA1 polymorphism influences cholesterol metabolism and Aβ42 deposition in the brain.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}346{"query": "Question: Do serum miRNA biomarkers serve as a fingerprint for proliferative diabetic retinopathy?\nAnswer: These data provide evidence that serum miRNAs have the potential to be sensitive, cost-effective biomarkers for the early detection of PDR. These biomarkers could serve as a dynamic monitoring factor for detecting the progression of PDR from NPDR.", "pos": "Question: Are fundus autofluorescence lifetimes increased in non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy?\nAnswer: Fundus Fluorescence lifetimes are significantly increased in NPDR while lens lifetimes are shorter in the patient group. Lifetime changes might be indicative for the accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) which enables detection of the disease with high sensitivity and specificity possibly bearing diagnostic merit.", "neg": "Question: Do markers of renal tubular dysfunction measured annually predict risk of microalbuminuria in the first few years after diagnosis of Type I diabetes?\nAnswer: Raised amounts of urine retinol binding protein and N-acetyl-glycosaminidase are related to HbA1c and the duration of diabetes. They occur in the majority of subjects and are not early markers for the risk of microalbuminuria.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}347{"query": "Question: Does the usage of overtube have a favorable effect on endoscopic submucosal dissection?\nAnswer: We conclude that using an overtube during an upper gastrointestinal ESD decreases the need for suction, favors the speed of dissection, and eases the comfort of the procedure.", "pos": "Question: Does the Aquamantys ( ® ) system improve haemostasis and pneumostasis in open decortication for thoracic empyema?\nAnswer: Our data indicates that the use of irrigated tip RF ablation is safe and effective in improving pneumostasis and haemostasis in decortication for thoracic empyema; and that this translates to morbidity and logistical benefit.", "neg": "Question: Is robotic urological surgery in patients with prior abdominal operations associated with increased complications?\nAnswer: Our study demonstrates that robotic urological surgery can be performed in patients with prior abdominal surgery without increased perioperative complications.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}348{"query": "Question: Do dehydroepiandrosterone and its sulfate predict the 5-year risk of coronary heart disease events in elderly men?\nAnswer: Low serum levels of DHEA and its sulfate predict an increased risk of CHD, but not CBD, events in elderly men.", "pos": "Question: Are high levels of serum vitamin D associated with a decreased risk of metabolic diseases in both men and women , but an increased risk for coronary artery calcification in Korean men?\nAnswer: High levels of serum vitamin D were associated with lower risk of MS, IR and FL in both Korean men and women, but were associated with higher risk of CAC only in men, and not in women.", "neg": "Question: Does dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate predict cardiovascular death in postmenopausal women . The Rancho Bernardo Study?\nAnswer: Although higher DHEAS levels were associated with several major CVD risk factors, they were unrelated to the risk of fatal CVD in women.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}349{"query": "Question: Does aeromonas piscicola AH-3 express an extracellular collagenase with cytotoxic properties?\nAnswer: Collagenases play a central role in processes where collagen digestion is needed, for example host invasion by pathogenic micro-organisms. We identified a new collagenase from Aeromonas using an integrated in silico/in vitro strategy. This enzyme is able to bind and cleave collagen, contributes for AH-3 cytotoxicity and shares low similarity with known bacterial collagenases. This is the first report of an enzyme belonging to the gluzincin subfamily of the M9 family of peptidases in Aeromonas. This study increases the current knowledge on collagenolytic enzymes bringing new perspectives for biotechnology/medical purposes.", "pos": "Question: Does comparison of Xenorhabdus bovienii bacterial strain genomes reveal diversity in symbiotic functions?\nAnswer: The analyses presented here demonstrate that while general mechanisms by which X. bovienii bacterial strains interact with their invertebrate hosts are similar, the specific molecules mediating these interactions differ. Our data support that adaptation of individual bacterial strains to distinct hosts or niches has occurred. For example, diverse metabolic profiles among bacterial symbionts may have been selected by dissimilarities in nutritional requirements of their different nematode hosts. Similarly, factors involved in parasitism (e.g. immune suppression and microbial competition factors), likely differ based on evolution in response to naturally encountered organisms, such as insect hosts, competitors, predators or pathogens. This study provides insight into effectors of a symbiotic lifestyle, and also highlights that when mining Xenorhabdus species for novel natural products, including antibiotics and insecticidal toxins, analysis of multiple bacterial strains likely will increase the potential for the discovery of novel molecules.", "neg": "Question: Do baculovirus-mediated gene transfer and recombinant protein expression interfere with insulin dependent phosphorylation of PKB/Akt in human SHSY-5Y and C3A cells?\nAnswer: Widely-used adenovirus vectors for gene delivery cause a state of insulin unresponsiveness in human SHSY-5Y and C3A cells in culture due to the activation of central protein kinases of the insulin signalling pathway. This phenomenon can be avoided when studying insulin signalling by using recombinant baculovirus as a heterologous viral expression system. In addition, our data may contribute to an understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying baculovirus infection of human cells.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}350{"query": "Question: Does preoperative anemia increase postoperative morbidity in elective cranial neurosurgery?\nAnswer: Preoperative anemia in elective cranial neurosurgery was independently associated with an increased risk of 30-day postoperative mortality and morbidity when compared to non-anemic patients. A hematocrit level below 33% (Hgb 11 g/dl) was associated with a significant increase in postoperative morbidity.", "pos": "Question: Does preoperative anemia increase mortality and postoperative morbidity after cardiac surgery?\nAnswer: In patients undergoing heart surgery, preoperative anemia is associated with an increased risk of mortality and postoperative morbidity.", "neg": "Question: Does nonischemic Postoperative Seizure Increase Mortality After Cardiac Surgery?\nAnswer: When PS is associated with acute cerebrovascular accident, a significant increase in postoperative morbidity and mortality can be expected. However, in those with isolated PS (without evidence of new neurologic injury), perioperative mortality and morbidity are comparable to those without any neurologic complications.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}351{"query": "Question: Does endothelin-Bone morphogenetic protein type 2 receptor interaction induce pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell hyperplasia in pulmonary arterial hypertension?\nAnswer: Endothelin-1 downregulates canonical BMPR2 signaling. This is related to decreased BMPR2 and increased anti-BMP gremlin expression associated with increased activation of p38(MAPK) and results in PA-SMC proliferation.", "pos": "Question: Does microsomal Prostaglandin E Synthase-1-Derived PGE2 inhibit Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Calcification?\nAnswer: Our data revealed the pivotal role of COX-2-mPGES-1-PGE2 axis in vascular calcification. The selective inhibition of COX-2 or mPGES-1 may increase the risk of calcification and subsequent adverse cardiovascular events during chronic renal failure.", "neg": "Question: Does serum proatrial natriuretic peptide increase with higher systolic blood pressure in obese men?\nAnswer: Contrary to known physiological BP responses, MR-proANP was negatively associated with ABP in our study. This suggests that a low amount of circulating NPs could play a role in the early stage of obesity-related hypertension.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}352{"query": "Question: Do long-term results from the Contura multilumen balloon breast brachytherapy catheter phase 4 registry trial?\nAnswer: Use of the CMLB for APBI delivery is associated with acceptable long-term local control and toxicity. Local recurrence-free survival was 97.8% at 3 years. Significant (grade 3) toxicity was uncommon, and no grade 4 toxicity was observed. Treatment at high-volume centers was associated with decreased late toxicity.", "pos": "Question: Do clinical experience with 3-dimensional surface matching-based deep inspiration breath hold for left-sided breast cancer radiation therapy?\nAnswer: The DIBH patient setup appears to provide a fairly reproducible degree of cardiac sparing with random uncertainties of ≈ 0.2 cm. The treatment durations are clinically acceptable and appear not to change significantly over time on an intrapatient basis, and to improve over time on an interpatient basis.", "neg": "Question: Does sequence of radiotherapy with tamoxifen in conservatively managed breast cancer affect local relapse rates?\nAnswer: Although the concurrent use of TAM with RT may theoretically render cancer cells less responsive to RT, this retrospective study suggests that in practical application, concurrent administration of TAM with RT does not compromise local control.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}353{"query": "Question: Does selenium status in pregnancy influence children 's cognitive function at 1.5 years of age?\nAnswer: Low prenatal selenium status seems to be disadvantageous for children's psychomotor and language development. Further studies are needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of these effects.", "pos": "Question: Is cognitive and language performance in children associated with maternal social anxiety disorder : A study of young mothers in southern Brazil?\nAnswer: Our findings suggest that children with mothers suffering from SAD have poorer cognitive abilities and language skills.", "neg": "Question: 's `` It an issue at the moment '' : a qualitative study of mothers about childhood obesity?\nAnswer: Interventions to prevent overweight and obesity need to focus on equipping parents with the skills to translate their knowledge into behavior and lay the foundations early for their children to develop healthy habits.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}354{"query": "Question: Does dexmedetomidine reduce atrial fibrillation after lung cancer surgery?\nAnswer: These results were similar to those published elsewhere on POAF incidence and risk factors. This study could not confirm the hypothesis that the intraoperative use of DEX is associated with a reduced rate of POAF after thoracic surgery for lung cancer.", "pos": "Question: Is cyclooxygenase-2 expression a marker of poor survival in lung cancer?\nAnswer: The results of this study do not support COX-2 expression as an independent prognostic factor in lung cancer. However, since results of the literature are different, further studies made in larger series are needed.", "neg": "Question: Is smoking a perioperative risk factor and prognostic factor for lung cancer surgery?\nAnswer: Smokers with lung cancer tended to have advanced lung cancer, impaired pulmonary function, and high morbidity after lung cancer surgery. Although multivariate analysis did not show that smoking was associated with poor outcome, non-smokers had significantly better overall survival, even for patients with stage IA lung cancers.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}355{"query": "Question: Does extracorporeal shockwave therapy improve short-term functional outcomes of shoulder adhesive capsulitis?\nAnswer: Our results showed that ESWT can be an alternative treatment, at least in the short-term, for primary adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder. In addition, all of the side effects of ESWT were transient and tolerable.", "pos": "Question: Does traditional thermal therapy with indirect moxibustion decrease renal arterial resistive index?\nAnswer: This study of the short-term effects of indirect moxibustion on renal hemodynamics in healthy persons showed that renal vascular resistance was reduced after the therapy.", "neg": "Question: Is extracorporeal shock wave therapy useful after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair?\nAnswer: This study failed to prove that ESWT stimulates rotator cuff healing after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. Additional ESWT after rotator cuff repair could theoretically be advantageous, and it was proven to be safe in this study.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}356{"query": "Question: Do collateral flow and brain changes on computed tomography angiography predict infarct volume on early diffusion-weighted imaging?\nAnswer: Assessment of ASPECTS and collateral flow on CTA-SI may be able to exclude a patient with large infarct on early DWI.", "pos": "Question: Does diffusion-weighted MRI characteristics of the cerebral metastasis to brain boundary predict patient outcomes?\nAnswer: DWI demonstrates changes in the tumor, across the tumor edge and in the peritumoral region which may not be visible on conventional MRI and this may be useful in predicting patient outcomes for operated cerebral metastases.", "neg": "Question: Do clinical Scales Reliably Identify Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients With Large-Artery Occlusion?\nAnswer: Using published cutoffs for triage would result in a loss of opportunity for ≥20% of patients with large-artery occlusion who would be inappropriately sent to a center lacking neurointerventional facilities. Conversely, using cutoffs reducing the false-negative rate to 10% would result in sending almost every patient to a comprehensive stroke center. Our findings, therefore, suggest that intracranial arterial imaging should be performed in all patients with acute ischemic stroke presenting within 6 hours of symptom onset.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}357{"query": "Question: Do angiogenic microvascular endothelial cells release microparticles rich in tissue factor that promotes postischemic collateral vessel formation?\nAnswer: These findings demonstrate that TF-rich mEMPs released by microvascular endothelial cells can overcome the consequences of arterial occlusion and tissue ischemia by promoting postischemic neovascularization and tissue reperfusion.", "pos": "Question: Does tissue factor induce VEGF expression via activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in ARPE-19 cells?\nAnswer: Involvement of the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is an important mediator for TF-induced VEGF production during the process of angiogenesis. Thus, our findings may ascertain the molecular regulation of TF in neovessel formation and show significant therapeutic implications.", "neg": "Question: Does harvest tissue source alter the protective power of stromal cell therapy after intestinal ischemia and reperfusion injury?\nAnswer: Transplantation of MSCs after intestinal I/R injury, irrespective of a tissue source, significantly increases survival and mesenteric perfusion and at the same time limits intestinal damage and inflammation. Further studies are needed to identify the mechanism that these cells use to promote improved outcomes after injury.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}358{"query": "Question: Does adenovirus-mediated NDRG2 inhibit the proliferation of human renal cell carcinoma cell line OS-RC-2 in vitro?\nAnswer: NDRG2 can significantly inhibit the proliferation of OS-RC-2 cells in vitro and its protein is specifically expressed in the mitochondrion.", "pos": "Question: Does nitric oxide inhibit IFN regulatory factor 1 and nuclear factor-kappaB pathways in rhinovirus-infected epithelial cells?\nAnswer: Nitric oxide blocks rhinovirus-mediated activation and nuclear translocation of both NF-kappaB and IRF-1. NO also directly inhibits the binding of each of these transcription factors to their respective recognition sites in the CXCL10 promoter. In addition, the ability of HRV-16 to induce epithelial expression of IRF-1 is dependent, at least in part, on viral activation of NF-kappaB.", "neg": "Question: Is mitochondrial inhibition of uracil-DNA glycosylase mutagenic?\nAnswer: These results suggest that human cell mitochondria contain alternatives glycosylase (s) that may function as back up DNA repair protein (s) that repair uracil in the mitochondria.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}359{"query": "Question: Does introduction of an 8-aminooctanoic acid linker enhance uptake of 99mTc-labeled lactam bridge-cyclized α-MSH peptide in melanoma?\nAnswer: High melanoma uptake and fast urinary clearance of (99m)Tc(EDDA)-HYNIC-AocNle-CycMSHhex highlighted its potential for metastatic melanoma detection in the future.", "pos": "Question: Does high expression of stathmin protein predict a fulminant course in medulloblastoma?\nAnswer: High stathmin expression correlates with tumor dissemination, is an important prognostic factor of medulloblastoma, and may serve as a useful marker for more intensive adjuvant therapies.", "neg": "Question: Do time and tumor type ( primary or metastatic ) influence the detection of BRAF/NRAS mutations in formalin fixed paraffin embedded samples from melanomas?\nAnswer: Preserving sufficient tumor area in FFPE blocks is important. It is necessary to keep the FFPE blocks, no matter their age, as they are necessary to decide the best treatment for the melanoma patient.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}360{"query": "Question: Does bRCAness predict resistance to taxane-containing regimens in triple negative breast cancer during neoadjuvant chemotherapy?\nAnswer: Identifying BRCAness can help predict the response to taxane, and changing regimens for BRCAness TNBC might improve patient survival. A larger prospective study is needed to further clarify this issue.", "pos": "Question: Does next-generation sequencing survey of biliary tract cancer reveal the association between tumor somatic variants and chemotherapy resistance?\nAnswer: In the largest exploratory analysis of this kind for BTC, 3 prevalent, mutually exclusive mutations represent distinct patient cohorts. These mutations are prognostic and may represent a predictive biomarker for a GP response. Prospective studies to validate these findings are needed, and they should include the incorporation of therapies that exploit the genomic instability observed with these mutations in BTC. Cancer 2016;122:3657-66. © 2016 American Cancer Society.", "neg": "Question: Is the verdict in yet . Analysis of the randomized trials of high-dose chemotherapy for breast cancer?\nAnswer: The role of HDC for HRPBC or MBC patients remains undefined. Longer follow-up and mature analyses of the randomized trials are necessary before definitive conclusions are drawn. In the meantime, it is imperative that research continues, to enhance the efficacy of the procedure through innovative strategies.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}361{"query": "Question: Does classical swine fever virus induce oxidative stress in swine umbilical vein endothelial cells?\nAnswer: Our results indicated that CSFV infection induced oxidative stress in SUVECs. These findings provide novel information on the mechanism by which CSFV can alter intracellular events associated with the viral infection.", "pos": "Question: Does human CMV infection of porcine endothelial cells increase adhesion receptor expression and human leukocyte recruitment?\nAnswer: After pig-to-human solid organ transplantation HCMV may infect and activate the porcine endothelium, rendering the xenograft more susceptible to human leukocyte recruitment and rejection.", "neg": "Question: Does herpes simplex virus type I require productive infection to induce tissue factor in human umbilical vein endothelial cells?\nAnswer: HSV-1 induces PCA in HUVEC which is clearly TF-dependent; this response does not require viral replication. These data indicate increased complexity in HSV interactions with vascular endothelium and imply induction of some procoagulant functions by nonproductive infection.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}362{"query": "Question: Does e2F4 regulatory program predict patient survival prognosis in breast cancer?\nAnswer: We defined a prognostic signature, the E2F4 regulatory activity score, and showed it to be significantly predictive of patient outcome in breast cancer regardless of treatment status and the states of many other clinicopathological variables. It can be used in conjunction with other breast cancer classification methods such as Oncotype DX to improve clinical outcome prediction.", "pos": "Question: Is cXCR4 expression on circulating pan-cytokeratin positive cells associated with survival in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer?\nAnswer: This study suggests that CXCR4 may be a prognostic marker in NSCLC, and provides hypothesis-generating results, which may be important in determining metastatic potential. In future studies, we will prospectively evaluate the prognostic significance of pan-cytokeratin/CXCR4+ cells, and determine the mechanisms involved in the regulation of CXCR4 expression on tumor cells in a larger patient population.", "neg": "Question: Does american Joint Committee on Cancer staging system accurately predict survival in patients receiving multimodality therapy for esophageal adenocarcinoma?\nAnswer: The current AJCC staging system is not a good predictor of survival after CRT. Although patients with a pCR do have improved long-term survival relative to patients with residual disease, this method places too much emphasis on residual depth of invasion and fails to identify patients with residual disease who have good long-term survival. Recursive partitioning analysis more accurately identifies nodal disease and metastatic disease as the most important prognostic variables. Degree of treatment response is less prognostic than nodal involvement.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}363{"query": "Question: Do long-term efficacy of the Baerveldt 250 mm2 compared with the Baerveldt 350 mm2 implant?\nAnswer: With a mean follow-up of 40 and 31 months, no differences in surgical success, VA, IOP, number of medications at the last visit, and complication/failure rates were noted between the Baerveldt 250 mm2 and 350 mm2 GDIs, respectively. The size of the GDI may not be associated with surgical outcomes.", "pos": "Question: Do effect of embedded dexamethasone in cochlear implant array on insertion forces in an artificial model of scala tympani?\nAnswer: Incorporation of DXM in silicone for cochlear implant design does not change electrode array insertion forces. It does not raise the risk of trauma during array insertion, making it suitable for long-term in situ administration to the cochlea.", "neg": "Question: Does selective blockade of cholecystokinin type B receptors with L-365,260 impair gallbladder contraction in normal humans?\nAnswer: Multiple oral doses of L-365,260 do not alter ultrasonographically assessed gallbladder contraction at doses shown to be clinically effective in earlier studies. Despite being more difficult to implement, the sum of cylinders method for estimating gall bladder size offers no advantage over the ellipsoid method.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}364{"query": "Question: Is self-reported body fat change in HIV-infected men a marker of decline in physical health-related quality of life with aging , independent of co-morbidity?\nAnswer: Negative self-perceived body fat changes were associated with decline in physical health related quality of life, independent of comorbidities, and may be a marker of an increased risk for physical function decline with aging.", "pos": "Question: Is obesity associated with greater inflammation and monocyte activation among HIV-infected adults receiving antiretroviral therapy?\nAnswer: Obesity was prevalent and independently associated with greater monocyte activation and systemic inflammation. Research is needed to determine how adipose tissue excess is functionally related to persistent immunologic abnormalities among HIV-infected persons with viral suppression.", "neg": "Question: Is sexual activity of young men related to their anthropometric parameters?\nAnswer: In this study's age range, none of the examined anthropometric parameters was perfectly correlated with sexual activity. Obesity and metabolic diseases can cause all types of sexual function to deteriorate in older age, whereas their effects may not yet be prominent at younger ages (below 45 years). Health promotion for all ages should focus on prevention of obesity so as to improve quality of life and sexual health.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}365{"query": "Question: Does transcranial magnetic stimulation reveal cortical hyperexcitability in episodic cluster headache?\nAnswer: We investigated cortical excitability in episodic cluster headache by using transcranial magnetic stimulation, providing evidence of cortical hyperexcitability in patients both inside and outside bout. We suggest that an abnormal state of cortical excitability could be involved in the pathophysiology of the disease.", "pos": "Question: Do axonal Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease patient-derived motor neurons demonstrate disease-specific phenotypes including abnormal electrophysiological properties?\nAnswer: Human iPSC-derived motor neurons from axonal CMT patients replicated key pathophysiological features observed in other models of MFN2 and NEFL mutations, including abnormal cytoskeletal and mitochondrial dynamics. Electrophysiological abnormalities found in axonal CMT iPSC-derived human motor neurons suggest that these cells are hyperexcitable and have altered sodium and calcium channel kinetics. These findings may provide a new therapeutic target for this group of heterogeneous inherited neuropathies.", "neg": "Question: Is dysfunctional coping in headache : avoidance and endurance associated with chronic forms of headache?\nAnswer: Dysfunctional coping was seen with high prevalence in the entire patient sample (66%). Against our hypothesis, it was not confined to chronic forms of headache. In respect to our data, we discuss the role of avoidance and endurance coping in headache and its possible role in chronicity.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}366{"query": "Question: Is motor cortical activity during motor tasks normal in patients with complex regional pain syndrome?\nAnswer: This study shows that the nature of motor dysfunction in CRPS patients differs from that encountered in patients with functional paresis or under circumstances of limb immobilization. This information is important for patients and pain clinicians and could help prevent implementation of therapeutic strategies based on incorrect assumptions.", "pos": "Question: Do brain neuroplastic changes accompany anxiety and memory deficits in a model of complex regional pain syndrome?\nAnswer: The study findings provide novel observations regarding behavioral changes and brain plasticity in a mouse model of CRPS. In addition to elucidating some of the supraspinal correlates of the syndrome, this work supports the potential use of therapeutic interventions that not only directly target sensory input and other peripheral mechanisms, but also attempt to ameliorate the broader pain experience by modifying its associated cognitive and emotional comorbidities.", "neg": "Question: Does repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the left premotor/dorsolateral prefrontal cortex have analgesic effect on central poststroke pain?\nAnswer: The aim of this double-blind, placebo-controlled study was to evaluate the analgesic effects of rTMS to the PMC/DLPFC in CPSP patients. An interim analysis showed a consistent lack of analgesic effect, and the study was terminated. rTMS of the PMC/DLPFC is not effective in relieving CPSP.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}367{"query": "Question: Does peripheral group I metabotropic glutamate receptor activation lead to muscle mechanical hyperalgesia through TRPV1 phosphorylation in the rat?\nAnswer: This article demonstrates that activation of mGlu1/5 leads to phosphorylation of a specific TRPV1 residue via PKC and AKAP150 in trigeminal sensory neurons and that functional interactions between glutamate receptors and TRPV1 mediate mechanical hyperalgesia in the muscle tissue.", "pos": "Question: Does activation of spinal NF-κB/p65 contribute to peripheral inflammation and hyperalgesia in rat adjuvant-induced arthritis?\nAnswer: These findings indicate that spinal NF-κB/p65 plays an important role in the initiation and development of both peripheral inflammation and hyperalgesia. Thus, inhibition of spinal NF-κB/p65 expression may provide a potential treatment to manage painful inflammatory disorders.", "neg": "Question: Do gABA-site antagonism and pentobarbital actions depend on the alpha-subunit type in the recombinant rat GABA receptor?\nAnswer: The GABA-site antagonism does not depend on the subtype of alpha-subunits. Similarly, pentobarbital activates ternary receptors composed of different alpha-subunits in a bicuculline-sensitive manner. The potencies of bicuculline to inhibit pentobarbital-activated currents are identical with receptors containing alpha1, alpha4 or alpha5-subunit. The alpha1beta2 and alpha4beta2 receptors possess higher GABA potencies compared with the alpha1beta2gamma2L and alpha4beta2gamma2L receptors.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}368{"query": "Question: Does lipopolysaccharide preconditioning induce neuroprotection against early brain injury after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage?\nAnswer: LPS preconditioning could modulate MMP-9 and therefore induce neuroprotection against EBI after experimental SAH.", "pos": "Question: Does lipopolysaccharide-induced preconditioning protect against traumatic spinal cord injury by upregulating Nrf2 expression in rats?\nAnswer: LPS preconditioning effectively alleviates TSCI-induced impairment and preserves nervous function in a Nrf2-dependent manner.", "neg": "Question: Does subclinical neurological involvement develop if Wilson 's disease is treated early?\nAnswer: This study suggests that early diagnosis and treatment of WD may prevent the onset of neurologic damage, even at subclinical level.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}369{"query": "Question: Is loss of N-cadherin associated with loss of E-cadherin expression and poor outcomes of liver resection in hepatocellular carcinoma?\nAnswer: Loss of N-cadherin was positively correlated with loss of E-cadherin in HCC. Concurrent loss of both N- and E-cadherin expressions was associated with poor surgical outcomes of HCC patients undergoing liver resection.", "pos": "Question: Is [ Nucleolin expression correlated with carcinogenesis and progression of cervical squamous cell carcinoma ]?\nAnswer: Overexpression of nucleolin plays an important role during carcinogenesis of cervical squamous cell carcinoma and is positively correlated with tumor progression of CIN and cervical squamous cell carcinoma.", "neg": "Question: Are p16INK4A gene alterations a prognostic indicator for survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing curative hepatectomy?\nAnswer: p16INK4A is altered frequently and early in HCC, being the predominant mechanism of inactivation promoter hypermethylation. The present results suggest that the p16INK4A gene plays an important role in the pathogenesis of HCC.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}370{"query": "Question: Does the dual mTORC1 and mTORC2 inhibitor PP242 show strong antitumor activity in a pheochromocytoma PC12 cell tumor model?\nAnswer: Our study showed that PP242 showed strong antitumor activity in a pheochromocytoma PC12 cell tumor model. Based on our study, dual mTORC1/2 kinase inhibitors warrant further investigation as a potential treatment for malignant pheochromocytomas or paragangliomas.", "pos": "Question: Does combination of Photodynamic Therapy and Specific Immunotherapy Efficiently eradicate Established Tumors?\nAnswer: We show that immunotherapy can be efficiently combined with PDT to eradicate established tumors, based on strong local tumor ablation and the induction of a robust systemic immune response. These results suggest combination of active immunotherapy with tumor ablation by PDT as a feasible novel treatment strategy for advanced cancer.", "neg": "Question: Does irradiation Increase the Penetration Depth of Doxorubicin in Normal Tissue After Pressurized Intra-peritoneal Aerosol Chemotherapy ( PIPAC ) in an Ex Vivo Model?\nAnswer: Irradiation does not increase the penetration depth of doxorubicin into the normal tissue but might have a limiting impact on penetration and distribution of doxorubicin. Further studies are warranted to investigate the impact of addition of irradiation to PIPAC of tumor cells and to find out if irradiation can be used safely as chemopotenting agent for patients with peritoneal metastases treated with PIPAC.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}371{"query": "Question: Does s100A3 suppression inhibit in vitro and in vivo tumor growth and invasion of human castration-resistant prostate cancer cells?\nAnswer: Human CRPC cells showed upregulation of S100A3 expression, and S100A3 inhibition reduced tumor cell viability. S100A3 inhibition reduced invasion capability with downregulation of MMP expression. More importantly, S100A3 inhibition resulted in tumor growth suppression in human CRPC xenograft models, suggesting S100A3 could serve as a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of human CRPC.", "pos": "Question: Does celastrol potentiate radiotherapy by impairment of DNA damage processing in human prostate cancer?\nAnswer: Celastrol sensitized PC-3 cells to radiation both in vitro and in vivo by impairing DNA damage processing and augmenting apoptosis. Celastrol might represent a promising new adjuvant regimen for the treatment of hormone-refractory prostate cancer.", "neg": "Question: Do dihydrotestosterone and bicalutamide affect periostin expression in androgen-dependent LNCaP prostate cancer cell lines?\nAnswer: We confirmed the role of POSTN in promoting cancer cell growth. Although POSTN transcription is not likely to be androgen-dependent, the fact that increased cell proliferation POSTN-mediated was impaired by BIC suggests an androgen modulation of POSTN interaction proteins.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}372{"query": "Question: Does a common polymorphism within MSLN affect miR-611 binding site and soluble mesothelin levels in healthy people?\nAnswer: SMRP performance as diagnostic biomarker improved by considering the genotype rs1057147. This polymorphism most likely affects a binding site for miR-611.", "pos": "Question: Are polymorphisms of dopamine pathway genes NRG1 and LMX1A associated with cognitive performance in bipolar disorder?\nAnswer: The risk variants of the rs35753505 SNP were associated with increased performance in several cognitive domains and IQ, whereas the risk variants of the rs11809911 SNP in LMX1A was associated with reduced IQ and memory/learning.", "neg": "Question: Are polymorphisms in the promoter region and at codon 54 of the MBL2 gene associated with IgA nephropathy?\nAnswer: This study indicates that the analysed polymorphisms of the MBL gene do not appear to be primarily involved in the susceptibility and severity of IgAN.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}373{"query": "Question: Is [ Ischemia an independent predictive factor of chronic renal failure after partial nephrectomy in a solitary kidney in patients without pre-operative renal insufficiency ]?\nAnswer: Renal function following PN in a solitary kidney seems to depend on non-reversible factors such as pre-operative glomerular filtration rate. Our findings minimize the role of vascular clamping and ischemia time, which were not significantly associated with chronic renal failure risk in our study.", "pos": "Question: Is poor prognosis indicated by nucleated red blood cells in peripheral blood associated with organ failure of the liver or kidney?\nAnswer: The detection of NRBCs in blood of surgical intensive care patients is of prognostic power with regard to patient mortality. This prognostic significance of NRBCs was independent of some clinical and other laboratory risk parameters. The appearance of NRBCs in blood was not associated with kidney failure or lesion of the liver.", "neg": "Question: Do novel biomarkers early predict the severity of acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery in adults?\nAnswer: Immediately postoperatively, NGAL and cystatin C correlated with and were independent predictors of duration and severity of AKI and duration of intensive care stay after adult cardiac surgery. The combination of both renal biomarkers did not add predictive value.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}374{"query": "Question: Does regional anesthesia improve outcome in patients undergoing proximal humerus fracture repair?\nAnswer: Patients who received regional anesthetic via a brachial plexus interscalene blocks had better functional outcomes and range of motion at the most recent clinical follow-up. Regional anesthesia provides patients with prolonged postoperative pain relief, which may allow for early mobilization, increasing the likelihood that the patient's function and range of motion will return to baseline.", "pos": "Question: Does opioid use after fracture surgery correlate with pain intensity and satisfaction with pain relief?\nAnswer: After operative fracture treatment, patients who take more opioids report greater pain intensity and less satisfaction with pain relief. Greater self-efficacy was the best determinant of satisfaction with pain relief. Evidence-based interventions to increase self-efficacy merit additional study for the management of postoperative pain during recovery from a fracture.", "neg": "Question: Does adequate surgical treatment of periprosthetic femoral fractures following hip arthroplasty correlate with functional outcome and quality of life?\nAnswer: PPF following THA are accompanied by a perceptible decline of function and remarkably high complication rates. In contrast to fracture classification and treatment type, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score predicts outcome.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}375{"query": "Question: Are in patients with rheumatoid arthritis , Dickkopf-1 serum levels correlated with parathyroid hormone , bone erosions and bone mineral density?\nAnswer: In patients with RA, serum levels of DKK1 are significantly increased, correlate with PTH and are associated with increased risk of bone erosions and osteoporosis. However, this finding deserves confirmation in a larger and more selected population.", "pos": "Question: Are [ Higher nitric oxide levels associated with disease activity in Egyptian rheumatoid arthritis patients ]?\nAnswer: There are increased levels of nitric oxide in the serum of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Nitric oxide correlates significantly with disease activity, inflammatory markers and radiological joint status.", "neg": "Question: Do synovial concentrations of the angiogenic peptides bFGF and VEGF discriminate rheumatoid arthritis from other forms of inflammatory arthritis?\nAnswer: Both serum bFGF and VEGF concentrations were increased in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Patients treated with steroids had lower synovial fluid bFGF concentrations. Synovial fluid levels of bFGF and VEGF were elevated but could not be used to distinguish rheumatoid arthritis from other forms of inflammatory arthritis.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}376{"query": "Question: Does multimodal protocol reduce postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing Le Fort I osteotomy?\nAnswer: This multimodal protocol was associated with substantially decreased prevalence of PONV in patients undergoing Le Fort I osteotomy.", "pos": "Question: Does the usage of overtube have a favorable effect on endoscopic submucosal dissection?\nAnswer: We conclude that using an overtube during an upper gastrointestinal ESD decreases the need for suction, favors the speed of dissection, and eases the comfort of the procedure.", "neg": "Question: Does opioid sedation alter intracranial pressure in head injured patients?\nAnswer: The study suggests that when opioids are titrated in head-injured patients, worsening intracranial pressure can be avoided.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}377{"query": "Question: Is a high body mass index in esophageal cancer patients associated with adverse outcomes following esophagectomy?\nAnswer: A high BMI is not associated with increased overall morbidity following esophagectomy; moreover, it is associated with decreased incidence of chylothorax. The better overall survival in patients with high BMI compared with those with low BMI might be due to a relatively low pathological stage. A high BMI should therefore not be a relative contraindication for esophagectomy.", "pos": "Question: Does extreme obesity predict poor cancer outcomes after surgery for renal cell cancer?\nAnswer: Extreme obesity is not associated with worse peri-operative or cancer outcomes after surgery for RCC. Surgery should remain a standard treatment option in well selected morbidly obese patients.", "neg": "Question: Does tumor stage after neoadjuvant chemotherapy determine survival after surgery for adenocarcinoma of the esophagus and esophagogastric junction?\nAnswer: The stage of esophageal or esophagogastric junction adenocarcinoma after neoadjuvant chemotherapy determines prognosis rather than the clinical stage before neoadjuvant chemotherapy, indicating the importance of focusing on postchemotherapy staging to more accurately predict outcome and eligibility for surgery. Patients who are downstaged by neoadjuvant chemotherapy benefit from reduced rates of local and systemic recurrence.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}378{"query": "Question: Are fascial closure after open abdomen : initial indication and early revisions decisive factors -- a retrospective cohort study?\nAnswer: The probability to reach fascial closure after open abdomen seems to increase when open abdomen is performed initially and when early second and third look operations are performed. The presence of pancreatitis seems to be the only negative prognostic marker concerning fascial closure.", "pos": "Question: Is pattern of first recurrent lesions in pancreatic cancer : hepatic relapse associated with dismal prognosis and portal vein invasion?\nAnswer: Hepatic relapse was associated with a dismal prognosis and with pathological portal vein invasion. Novel therapeutic strategies are therefore required to reduce the incidence of hepatic relapse, especially in patients with portal vein invasion.", "neg": "Question: Is papillary balloon dilation itself a cause of post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis ; results of anterograde and retrograde papillary balloon dilation?\nAnswer: The rates of post-procedural pancreatitis and hyperamylasemia were significantly higher after retrograde dilation with EPBD than after antegrade dilation with PTPBD for the removal of bile duct stones. Although the mechanism of pancreatitis following papillary balloon dilation remains unclear, post-EPBD pancreatitis may be associated with procedures before and after balloon dilation similar to mechanical lithotripsy rather than balloon dilation itself.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}379{"query": "Question: Does mR imaging relaxometry allow noninvasive characterization of in vivo differentiation of muscle precursor cells?\nAnswer: MR imaging relaxation and diffusion measurements can be used as potential biomarkers for noninvasive in vivo monitoring of the myogenic differentiation process from muscle precursor cells to mature skeletal muscle tissue in muscle cell therapy.", "pos": "Question: Is diffusion tensor imaging of the posterior cingulate a useful biomarker of mild cognitive impairment?\nAnswer: DTI of the posterior cingulate region discriminates MCI from cognitively normal individuals with accuracy and has the potential to be used as a biomarker of MCI, in particular aMCI.", "neg": "Question: Is mesenchymal stromal cell phenotype influenced by confluence during culture expansion?\nAnswer: These data demonstrate that MSC characteristics and plasticity can be maintained during culture expansion from bone marrow mononuclear cells to MSCs and that a homogeneous phenotype of undifferentiated MSCs which persists independent of cell density can be used for clinical therapies.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}380{"query": "Question: Is higher fasting glucose next day after intravenous thrombolysis independently associated with poor outcome in acute ischemic stroke?\nAnswer: FG is a powerful predictor associated with the outcome in IVT-treated AIS patients independent of AG and HbA1c.", "pos": "Question: Is admission hyperglycemia associated with failed reperfusion following fibrinolytic therapy in patients with STEMI : results of a retrospective study?\nAnswer: In patients with STEMI who undergo FT, admission hyperglycemia is an independent predictor of the failure of fibrinolysis.", "neg": "Question: Is impaired fasting glucose a risk factor for atherosclerosis?\nAnswer: In our case-control study IFG alone was not related to increased IMT. Only IFG in a combination with IGT exhibited atherosclerotic changes of the carotid arteries. IFG is not analogous to IGT as a risk factor for atherosclerosis.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}381{"query": "Question: Is a newly developed mouse monoclonal SOX10 antibody a highly sensitive and specific marker for malignant melanoma , including spindle cell and desmoplastic melanomas?\nAnswer: The newly developed mouse monoclonal SOX10 antibody BC34 is highly sensitive and specific for malignant melanoma, including desmoplastic and spindle cell variants, and appears highly suitable for clinical use.", "pos": "Question: Does dendritic cell-based genetic immunization in mice with a recombinant adenovirus encoding murine TRP2 induce effective anti-melanoma immunity?\nAnswer: Our results demonstrate that DC-based genetic immunization of mice with TRP2, a clinically relevant melanocyte-specific self-antigen, induces effective cellular immunity and prevents metastatic growth of B16 melanoma cells in vivo.", "neg": "Question: Do altered intracellular sorting signals influence the efficacy of genetic melanoma vaccines incorporating helper determinants in mice?\nAnswer: Altered intracellular sorting signals do not significantly influence the efficacy of genetic melanoma vaccines incorporating helper determinants in our model system. These results further support the concept that linkage of immunogenic helper sequences can be successfully applied for antigen-specific immunotherapy of melanoma and provide a scientific basis for the translation of this strategy in future clinical applications.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}382{"query": "Question: Is abdominal aortic diameter increased in males with a family history of abdominal aortic aneurysms : results from the Danish VIVA-trial?\nAnswer: First-degree male relatives of AAA patients have wider aortas and a twofold higher prevalence of AAA compared with the age adjusted background population. The prevalence of AAA was markedly higher in participants related to female, rather than male, patients with AAA.", "pos": "Question: Are plasma fibrinogen and D-dimer concentrations associated with the presence of abdominal aortic aneurysm : a systematic review and meta-analysis?\nAnswer: We found that plasma fibrinogen and D-dimer concentrations are likely to be higher in cases with AAA than control subjects. Higher plasma fibrinogen and D-dimer concentrations may be associated with the presence of AAA.", "neg": "Question: Does family history predict angiographic localization or severity of coronary artery disease?\nAnswer: Sex-specific family history data do not predict angiographic localization of coronary disease in patients presenting with ACS. Maternal stroke and maternal MI probably affect ACS in females by a mechanism unrelated to atherosclerosis or coronary anatomy. However, family history data may still be useful in risk prediction and prognosis of ACS.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}383{"query": "Question: Does dual-specificity phosphatase 6 predict the sensitivity of progestin therapy for atypical endometrial hyperplasia?\nAnswer: Dusp6 could be a predicting marker for deciding the effectiveness of progestin therapy in AEH.", "pos": "Question: Does sOX18 expression predict response to platinum-based chemotherapy in ovarian cancer?\nAnswer: SOX18 may be a new predictive marker for OC.", "neg": "Question: Is late follicular progesterone to estradiol ratio influenced by protocols or gonadotropins used?\nAnswer: Endometrial receptivity is determined by the complex interactions of E2 and P.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}384{"query": "Question: Does endoscopic transphenoidal surgery for acromegaly improve quality of life?\nAnswer: Transsphenoidal surgery improves QOL in acromegaly. Attempts to achieve a cure, avoidance of surgically induced pan-hypotpituitarism and adjuvant therapy, will improve quality of life. Our study demonstrates the important role of the patient-physician relationship to QOL and the need to measure QOL in addition to the traditional measures of outcome.", "pos": "Question: Does aggressive Aortic Arch and Carotid Replacement Strategy for Type A Aortic Dissection improve Neurologic Outcomes?\nAnswer: An algorithmic approach to TAAD including (1) rapid transport-to-incision-to-cardiopulmonary bypass established centrally, (2) neurocerebral monitoring, (3) liberal use of total arch replacement for clearly defined indications (and hemiarch for all others), and (4) common carotid arterial replacement for concomitant carotid dissections significantly improves outcomes.", "neg": "Question: Does aspirin sensitivity compromise quality-of-life outcomes in patients with Samter 's triad?\nAnswer: Although Samter's triad patients present with more severe disease and are more likely to undergo revision surgery, they have postoperative quality-of-life outcomes that are comparable to patients with eCRSwP who are not aspirin sensitive. This is the first study to utilize a disease-specific, validated outcomes instrument in comparing Samter's triad patients with aspirin-tolerant patients who have nasal polyposis and tissue eosinophilia.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}385{"query": "Question: Is smoking history , and not depression , related to deficits in detection of happy and sad faces?\nAnswer: The results of this study provide preliminary evidence for distinctive cognitive decrements in smokers and individuals with depression.", "pos": "Question: Are memory disturbances in `` Ecstasy '' users correlated with an altered brain serotonin neurotransmission?\nAnswer: Our preliminary results may indicate altered 5-HT neuronal function with correlated memory impairment in abstinent MDMA users.", "neg": "Question: Are migraine headaches associated with a unique depressive symptom profile : results from the Baltimore Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study?\nAnswer: These results suggest that individuals with migraine headaches are more likely to report depressive symptoms but do not display a unique profile of symptoms.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}386{"query": "Question: Are fatty acid-amino acid conjugates essential for systemic activation of salicylic acid-induced protein kinase and accumulation of jasmonic acid in Nicotiana attenuata?\nAnswer: Our results reveal that N. attenuata specifically recognizes herbivore-derived FACs in damaged leaves and rapidly send out a long-distance signal to phylotactically connected leaves to activate MAPK and JA signaling, and we propose that FACs that penetrated into wounds rapidly induce the production of another long-distance signal(s) which travels to all systemic leaves and activates TPI defense.", "pos": "Question: Does transcriptome analysis in oak uncover a strong impact of endogenous rhythmic growth on the interaction with plant-parasitic nematodes?\nAnswer: The results highlight that gene response patterns of plants to biotic interactions, both negative (i.e. plant-parasitic nematodes) and beneficial (i.e. mycorrhiza), are largely modulated by endogenous rhythmic growth, and that such plant traits should be considered as an important driver of these relationships in future studies.", "neg": "Question: Does aberrant interleukin-1 signalling increase susceptibility of mice to NOD2-dependent uveitis?\nAnswer: Our findings highlight the complexity of NOD2 activation and IL-1 signalling effects that can be compounded by local environmental factors of the target organ. These observations may impact how we understand the molecular mechanisms by which NOD2 influences inflammation of the eye versus joint, and consequently, treatment options for uveitis versus arthritis.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}387{"query": "Question: Does deficiency in Nrf2 transcription factor decrease adipose tissue mass and hepatic lipid accumulation in leptin-deficient mice?\nAnswer: Nrf2 deficiency in Lep(ob/ob) mice reduced white adipose tissue mass and prevented hepatic lipid accumulation but induced insulin resistance and dyslipidemia. This study indicates a dual role of Nrf2 during metabolic dysregulation-increasing lipid accumulation in liver and white adipose tissue but preventing lipid accumulation in obese mice.", "pos": "Question: Does the phospholipase A ( 2 ) inhibitor methyl indoxam suppress diet-induced obesity and glucose intolerance in mice?\nAnswer: These results show that oral supplementation of a diabetogenic diet with the Pla2g1b inhibitor methyl indoxam effectively suppresses diet-induced obesity and diabetes in mice. This suggests that Pla2g1b inhibition may be a potentially effective oral therapeutic option for treatment of obesity and diabetes.", "neg": "Question: Do leptin-resistant obese mice form biliary crystals on a high cholesterol diet?\nAnswer: These data suggest that Lep(db) obese mice fed a high cholesterol diet have increased gallbladder volume and decreased biliary cholesterol saturation and crystal formation despite elevated serum cholesterol compared with lean control mice. We conclude that the link among obesity, diet, and gallstone formation may not require hypersecretion of biliary cholesterol and may be related to the effects of diabetes, hyperlipidemia, or both on gallbladder motility.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}388{"query": "Question: Do bone Marrow Stromal Cells Inhibit the Activation of Liver Cirrhotic Fat-Storing Cells via Adrenomedullin Secretion?\nAnswer: Our data suggested that BMSCs inhibited CFSC activation in vitro via the AM-Ang II-p47-phox signaling pathway, and since CFSC activation is an essential part of hepatic fibrosis process, this inhibition by BMSCs implies us new insights into the potential treatment of hepatic fibrosis via BMSCs.", "pos": "Question: Does cyclovirobuxinum D suppress lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses in murine macrophages in vitro by blocking JAK-STAT signaling pathway?\nAnswer: CVB-D exerts anti-inflammatory effects in LPS-stimulated murine macrophages in vitro at least in part by blocking the JAK-STAT signaling pathway. The anti-inflammatory actions of CVB-D may contribute to its cardioprotection.", "neg": "Question: Do hypoxia and reoxygenation upregulate adhesion molecules and natural killer cell adhesion on human endothelial cells in vitro?\nAnswer: Both the expression of endothelial adhesion molecules and rolling NK cell adhesion was upregulated by TNF-alpha but not by hypoxia alone or hypoxia followed by reoxygenation supporting the view that anti-inflammatory treatment may reduce ischemia/reperfusion injury.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}389{"query": "Question: Does obesity increase risk of anticoagulation reversal failure with prothrombin complex concentrate in those with intracranial hemorrhage?\nAnswer: Obesity and elevated initial INR are independently associated with anticoagulation reversal failure using the weight-based PCC protocol in patients with warfarin-related acute ICH. Further studies are needed to determine more effective dosing protocols and individualized strategies for anticoagulation reversal after acute ICH, especially among obese patients.", "pos": "Question: Is obesity associated with greater inflammation and monocyte activation among HIV-infected adults receiving antiretroviral therapy?\nAnswer: Obesity was prevalent and independently associated with greater monocyte activation and systemic inflammation. Research is needed to determine how adipose tissue excess is functionally related to persistent immunologic abnormalities among HIV-infected persons with viral suppression.", "neg": "Question: Do impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance predict hypertension : a community cohort study?\nAnswer: While metabolic syndrome components related to insulin resistance present at baseline are important risk factors of hypertension, we conclude that coexisting metabolic component, mainly abdominal obesity, rather than IFG and IGT have more predictive value for determining the development of hypertension in a Korean population.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}390{"query": "Question: Does rNA-seq analysis of the rat placentation site reveal maternal obesity-associated changes in placental and offspring thyroid hormone signaling?\nAnswer: Gene expression analysis of placenta and offspring revealed that each utero-placental compartment responds distinctly to maternal OB with changes in inflammatory signaling, lipid metabolism and hormone stimulus being the predominant effects. OB-induced alterations in 17 genes were confirmed by qPCR, including reductions in thyrotropin-releasing hormone (Trh) in JZ. We further characterized mRNA and protein expression of TH signaling regulators including deiodinases (Dio), TH receptors (Tr), and downstream targets (uncoupling proteins (Ucp)). A concerted down-regulation of multiple facets of thyroid hormone signaling in the JZ and FL was observed. JZ expression of thyroid hormone signaling components Trh, Dio2, Trα, and Ucp2 were negatively associated with maternal leptin. mRNA expression of TRH, TRβ and UCP1 were also decreased in term placenta from OB women. Finally, our studies identified persistent impairments in expression of TH related genes in tissues from offspring of obese dams.", "pos": "Question: Does maternal undernutrition induce premature reproductive senescence in adult female rat offspring?\nAnswer: Our data indicate that the maternal nutritional environment programs the reproductive potential of the offspring through alteration of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. The premature reproductive senescence in LBW offspring could be secondary to the development of obesity and hyperleptinemia in these animals in adult life.", "neg": "Question: Is retinol-binding protein-4 strongly associated with insulin sensitivity in normal pregnancies?\nAnswer: The increased fat mass and insulin resistance during normal pregnancy was best explained by measures of fat mass. However, the increase in RBP4 from early to late pregnancy, associated with a decline in insulin sensitivity, potentially indicates interactions with glucose metabolism.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}391{"query": "Question: Is serum free 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D more closely associated with fibroblast growth factor 23 than other vitamin D forms in chronic dialysis patients?\nAnswer: The relationship between FGF-23 and vitamin D is stronger using free forms of 25-OH-D and 1,25-(OH)2-D. Subsequent studies aiming at MBD should consider including free 25-OH-D and 1,25-(OH)2-D in the analysis.", "pos": "Question: Does use of Estrogen-Containing Contraception be Associated With Increased Concentrations of 25-Hydroxy Vitamin D?\nAnswer: The increase in 25(OH)D with use of estrogen-containing contraceptives raise mechanistic questions regarding the biological pathways involved, and highlights the need for studies that examine possible endogenous estrogen effects on vitamin D.", "neg": "Question: Is vitamin D status in youth with type 1 and type 2 diabetes enrolled in the Pediatric Diabetes Consortium ( PDC ) worse than in youth without diabetes?\nAnswer: Vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency is present in a substantial proportion of youth with diabetes, particularly minorities, but the prevalence appears similar to that in youth without diabetes. Further studies are needed to examine whether youth with diabetes would benefit from vitamin D supplementation.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}392{"query": "Question: Is synovial T cell hyporesponsiveness to myeloid dendritic cells reversed by preventing PD-1/PD-L1 interactions?\nAnswer: SF T cell hyporesponsiveness upon (TSLP-primed) mDC stimulation in RA joints is partially dependent on PD-1/PD-L1 interactions, as PD-1 and PD-L1 are both highly expressed on SF T cells and mDCs, respectively, and inhibiting PD-1 availability restores T cell proliferation. The potential of IL-7 to robustly reverse this hyporesponsiveness suggests that such proinflammatory cytokines in RA joints strongly contribute to memory T cell activation.", "pos": "Question: Does btk inhibition suppress agonist-induced human macrophage activation and inflammatory gene expression in RA synovial tissue explants?\nAnswer: Btk is expressed equivalently in RA and PsA synovial tissue, primarily in macrophages. Btk activity is needed to drive macrophage activation in response to multiple agonists relevant to inflammatory arthritis, and promotes RA synovial tissue cytokine and MMP production. Pharmacological targeting of Btk may be of therapeutic benefit in the treatment of RA and other inflammatory diseases.", "neg": "Question: Does systemic TNF blockade modulate synovial expression of the pro-inflammatory mediator HMGB1 in rheumatoid arthritis patients -- a prospective clinical study?\nAnswer: Pro-inflammatory HMGB1 expression during rheumatoid synovitis was not consistently influenced by TNF-blocking therapy with infliximab. This suggests that TNF is not the main inducer of extranuclear HMGB1 during synovitis and that HMGB1 may represent a TNF-independent molecule that could be considered as a possible target for future therapeutic intervention in RA.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}393{"query": "Question: Does microRNA-29b regulate migration in oral squamous cell carcinoma and its clinical significance?\nAnswer: MiR-29b acts as an oncomir, promoting cell migration through CX3CL1 suppression, and could be a potential therapeutic target for preventing OSCC progression.", "pos": "Question: Does nAIF1 inhibit gastric cancer cells migration and invasion via the MAPK pathways?\nAnswer: Our study revealed that NAIF1 plays a role in regulating cellular migration and invasion through the MAPK pathways. It could be a therapeutic target for gastric cancer.", "neg": "Question: Does the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 ( GPER/GPR30 ) predict survival in patients with ovarian cancer?\nAnswer: GPER mRNA as well as GPER protein is present in both benign and malignant ovarian tumor tissue. About one third of malignant tumors over-expressed both GPER mRNA and protein. This, however, correlated neither with histological or clinical parameters nor with patient survival.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}394{"query": "Question: Are pre-transplant impedance measures of reflux associated with early allograft injury after lung transplantation?\nAnswer: Prolonged bolus clearance, increased total distal reflux episodes, and increased total proximal reflux episodes on pre-transplant MII-pH were associated with decreased time to early allograft injury after lung transplantation. Routine pre-transplant MII-pH may provide clinically relevant data regarding transplant outcomes and peri-transplant care.", "pos": "Question: Is physician preference a major factor in management of vesicoureteral reflux?\nAnswer: A surgeon's historic Deflux utilization was the most important predictor of VUR surgery type. Although data on reflux grade were not available, analysis of patient and surgeon characteristics suggests that surgeon preference is the first or second most critical factor in determining a patient's treatment.", "neg": "Question: Do cardiac procedures in lung transplant recipients increase mortality in selected patients?\nAnswer: Patients who are otherwise deemed to be good candidates for lung transplantation but are found to have an associated cardiac condition that could adversely affect their candidacy may still be considered for transplantation in selected cases if the cardiac abnormality can be addressed either before or during transplantation.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}395{"query": "Question: Is lymphocyte inhibition compromised in mesenchymal stem cells from psoriatic skin?\nAnswer: This study demonstrated abnormalities in MSCs derived from psoriatic skin lesions. We suggest that the attenuated inhibitory effect on T-cell proliferation might be one of the pathogenic mechanisms of psoriasis.", "pos": "Question: Is increased frequency and compromised function of T regulatory cells in systemic sclerosis ( SSc ) related to a diminished CD69 and TGFbeta expression?\nAnswer: These results indicate that soluble factors in SSc plasma inhibit Treg function specifically that is associated with altered Treg CD69 and TGFbeta expression. These data suggest that a defective Treg function may underlie the immune dysfunction in systemic sclerosis.", "neg": "Question: Is eRK phosphorylation increased in papillary thyroid carcinomas with BRAF ( V600E ) mutation compared to that of corresponding normal thyroid tissues?\nAnswer: In human BRAF(V600E) (+) PTCs, ERK phosphorylation is decreased compared to normal thyroid glands and the observed decrease in ERK1/2 MAPK phosphorylation in BRAF(V600E) (+) PTCs may be associated with increased MKP-3 activity.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}396{"query": "Question: Does learning trajectories of children with special health care need across the severity spectrum?\nAnswer: Even children with less complex SCHN are at risk for academic failure. Early identification, together with integrated health and educational support, may promote stronger pathways of educational attainment for these children. Achieving these better outcomes will require the involvement of both educational and health practitioners.", "pos": "Question: Is unilateral hearing loss associated with a negative effect on language scores in adolescents?\nAnswer: These findings suggest that UHL in adolescents is associated with a negative effect on standardized language scores and IQ. They also demonstrate that the developmental gap between children with UHL and children with NH does not resolve as the children progress into adolescence and may even widen as the children grow older. Therefore, these results strongly encourage implementation of early intervention for children with UHL to prevent speech-language delays. More studies in adolescents are warranted to evaluate educational outcomes.", "neg": "Question: Do medications necessarily normalize cognition in ADHD patients?\nAnswer: Even with optimal treatment, based on parents' and teachers' opinions, subtle and not-so-subtle neurocognitive impairments persisted in the ADHD patients. Some ADHD patients may require additional educational assistance, even in the face of successful medication treatment.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}397{"query": "Question: Does deep Sequencing the microRNA profile in rhabdomyosarcoma reveal down-regulation of miR-378 family members?\nAnswer: MiR-378a-3p may function as a tumour suppressor in RMS and the restoration of its expression would be of therapeutic benefit in RMS. Furthermore, the role of epigenetic modifications in RMS deserves further investigations.", "pos": "Question: Does metastasis-associated protein ribosomal RNA processing 1 homolog B ( RRP1B ) modulate metastasis through regulation of histone methylation?\nAnswer: RRP1B, a breast cancer metastasis suppressor, regulates gene expression through heterochromatinization and transcriptional repression, which helps our understanding of mechanisms that drive prognostic gene expression in human breast cancer.", "neg": "Question: Is eRCC1 mRNA expression associated with response and survival after platinum-based chemotherapy regimens in advanced non-small cell lung cancer?\nAnswer: In contrast to recent publications, ERCC1 mRNA expression in our study did not favor a prognostically better outcome after platinum-based chemotherapy in advanced NSCLC. We explore potential reasons for this, including the need for cautious interpretation of mRNA expression data from archival materials and highlight the need for additional translational research linking gene expression with a promising ERCC1 polymorphism.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}398{"query": "Question: Does health indicators associated with fall among middle-aged and older women enrolled in an evidence-based program?\nAnswer: Findings have implications for identifying at-risk older women upon enrollment, expanding the reach of AMOB/VLL, and leveraging AMOB/VLL to refer participants to other evidence-based exercise, disease management, and mental health interventions.", "pos": "Question: Is adherence to exercise programs for older people influenced by program characteristics and personal factors : a systematic review?\nAnswer: Older people's adherence to exercise programs is most commonly measured with dropout and attendance rates and is associated with a range of program and personal factors.", "neg": "Question: Are physical activity/fitness peaks during perimenopause and BMI change patterns associated with baseline activity/fitness in women : a longitudinal study with a median 7-year follow-up?\nAnswer: We concluded that the age-related longitudinal patterns in physical activity and fitness are not linear. Baseline activity and fitness levels are associated with BMI status during adulthood, but do not affect BMI change trajectory.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}399{"query": "Question: Do women know best -- findings from a thematic analysis of 5,214 surveys of abortion care experience?\nAnswer: This analysis highlights specific areas of abortion care that influence patients' experience. The few women who were disappointed by care in the clinic tended to fault readily modifiable clinical factors, and provided suggested areas of improvement to enhance positive experiences related to their abortion care.", "pos": "Question: Do women with safety concerns report fewer gender-specific preventive healthcare services?\nAnswer: In this large population-based sample, women with recent self-reported safety concerns report receiving fewer recommended gender-specific preventive services.", "neg": "Question: Is this baby for turning : Women 's experiences of attempted external cephalic version?\nAnswer: ECV should form part of a range of options provided to women, rather than a default procedure for management of the term breech. For motivated women who fit the safe criteria for vaginal breech birth, not being subjected to a painful experience (ECV) may be optimal. Women should be supported to access services that support vaginal breech birth if this is their choice, and continuity of care should be standard practice.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}400{"query": "Question: Does unit support protect against sexual harassment and assault among national guard soldiers?\nAnswer: A substantial proportion of men and women reported sexual harassment/assault. Greater unit support was associated with diminished odds of sexual harassment/assault during deployment. Programming designed to improve unit cohesion has the potential to reduce sexual harassment and assault.", "pos": "Question: Do mental health service use among high school students exposed to interpersonal violence?\nAnswer: Associations between adolescent violence exposure and mental health service contact vary by forms of exposure. Outreach to a broader set of exposed youth may reduce the impact of violence and its consequences for vulnerable students.", "neg": "Question: Does [ The university stage favor the healthy life style in women students from Granada ]?\nAnswer: The need to sensitize the college female population on the benefits of no-consumption of alcohol and snuff, and regular physical exercise is suggested. It would also be advisable to develop protocols of educational intervention in universities promoting healthy living habits.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}401{"query": "Question: Does the T-box transcription factor Brachyury promote renal interstitial fibrosis by repressing E-cadherin expression?\nAnswer: Our results demonstrate for the first time that Brachyury plays an important role in regulating TGF-β1-mediated renal EMT and could be an attractive target for progression of renal disease therapies.", "pos": "Question: Does microRNA-19a enhance proliferation of bronchial epithelial cells by targeting TGFβR2 gene in severe asthma?\nAnswer: Our study uncovers a new regulatory pathway involving miR-19a that is critical to the severe phenotype of asthma and indicates that downregulating miR-19a expression could be explored as a potential new therapy to modulate epithelium repair in asthma.", "neg": "Question: Do tSH receptor antibodies alter the function of gonadotropin receptors stably expressed in eukaryotic cells?\nAnswer: Our results confirm the notion of the organ-specific nature of the TSHr antibodies.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}402{"query": "Question: Does pneumonia Pathogen Characterization be an Independent Determinant of Hospital Readmission?\nAnswer: Readmission after hospitalization for pneumonia is relatively common and is related to pneumonia pathogen characterization. Pneumonia attributed to potentially antibiotic-resistant bacteria is associated with an increased risk for 90-day readmission, whereas culture-negative pneumonia is associated with lower risk for 90-day readmission.", "pos": "Question: Is acinetobacter baumannii infection in prior ICU bed occupants an independent risk factor for subsequent cases of ventilator-associated pneumonia?\nAnswer: ICU admission or the hospitalization of patients infected by Acinetobacter baumannii increases the risk of AbVAP by subsequent patients.", "neg": "Question: Is viral infection uncommon in adult patients with severe hospital-acquired pneumonia?\nAnswer: Viral pathogens are not uncommon in adult patients with severe HAP who required ICU admission. Since viral pathogens may cause severe HAP and could be a potential source of viral transmission, further investigation is required to delineate the role of viral pathogens in severe HAP.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}403{"query": "Question: Does anemia on admission predict short- and long-term outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke?\nAnswer: Anemia is common among AIS patients and is associated with cardiovascular comorbidities. Low hemoglobin status independently predicts short and long-term mortality.", "pos": "Question: Does preoperative anemia increase mortality and postoperative morbidity after cardiac surgery?\nAnswer: In patients undergoing heart surgery, preoperative anemia is associated with an increased risk of mortality and postoperative morbidity.", "neg": "Question: Is periprocedural myocardial infarction associated with an increased risk of long-term cardiac mortality after coronary bifurcation stenting?\nAnswer: PMI occurs in patients with a higher prevalence of adverse cardiac risks and predicts short-term but not long-term cardiac mortality in patients undergoing bifurcation lesion PCI.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}404{"query": "Question: Does obstructive sleep apnea syndrome increase pedestrian injury risk in children?\nAnswer: Results suggest OSAS may have significant consequences on children's daytime functioning in a critical domain of personal safety, pedestrian skills. Children with OSAS appeared to have greater impulsivity when crossing streets. Results highlight the need for heightened awareness of the consequences of untreated sleep disorders and identify a possible target for pediatric injury prevention.", "pos": "Question: Does childhood injuries and deaths due to fall from windows?\nAnswer: Injuries from falls from windows are a public health problem in Hamilton County, Ohio, especially for young, urban children.", "neg": "Question: Is [ Obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome in children associated with obesity ]?\nAnswer: No differences were observed between the height z-score, weight z-score, BMI z-score, age, and AHI. No association between obesity and OSAHS was found in this series. However, studies of larger, unselected populations are needed to determine if obesity is a risk factor for OSAHS in children.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}405{"query": "Question: Is implementation of continuous capnography associated with a decreased utilization of blood gases?\nAnswer: Continuous capnography resulted in a significant savings over a 6-month period by decreasing the utilization of blood gas measurements.", "pos": "Question: Does rate of Organ Space Infection be Reduced with the Use of an Air Leak Test During Major Hepatectomies?\nAnswer: The use of an intraoperative ALT significantly reduces the rate of OSI following major hepatectomy and may contribute to lower post-discharge readmission rates.", "neg": "Question: Are haemodynamic changes and vasopressin release consistently associated with carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum in humans?\nAnswer: Continuous adequate depth of anaesthesia and normovolaemia may have prevented both a humoral and a haemodynamic response, initiated in the peritoneum by the contact with CO2 in previous investigations.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}406{"query": "Question: Does blood PGC-1α Concentration predict Myocardial Salvage and Ventricular Remodeling After ST-segment Elevation Acute Myocardial Infarction?\nAnswer: Baseline PGC-1α expression and an attenuated systemic response after acute myocardial infarction are associated with greater myocardial salvage and predict less ventricular remodeling.", "pos": "Question: Does invasive aortic pulse wave velocity as a marker for arterial stiffness predict outcome of renal sympathetic denervation?\nAnswer: Patients with lower pulse wave velocity showed a significantly better response to denervation. These findings emphasise that pulse wave velocity might be used as a selection criterion for renal denervation.", "neg": "Question: Is immediate post-traumatic pulmonary embolism associated with right ventricular dysfunction?\nAnswer: Early post-traumatic PE appears to be associated with fewer RV physiologic changes than late post-traumatic PE and may be representative of primary pulmonary thrombosis. It remains to be seen whether early CT findings of PE should be managed according to previously established guidelines for embolic disease.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}407{"query": "Question: Does endoscopic medial orbital fat decompression for proptosis in type 1 grave orbitopathy?\nAnswer: Endoscopic medial orbital fat decompression may be an effective technique for proptosis in selected patients with type 1 Graves orbitopathy and is associated with a low rate of surgically induced diplopia.", "pos": "Question: Is endoscopic gastric volume reduction with a novel articulating plication device safe and effective in the treatment of obesity ( with video )?\nAnswer: Limited number of patients.", "neg": "Question: Does moderate controlled hypotension with sodium nitroprusside improve surgical conditions or decrease blood loss in endoscopic sinus surgery?\nAnswer: Intravenous anesthesia supplemented with N(2) is as effective as moderate controlled hypotension when blood loss, visibility in the surgical field, ACTH, AVP, and cortisol are examined.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}408{"query": "Question: Does lidocaine potentiate the deleterious effects of triamcinolone acetonide on tenocytes?\nAnswer: Our data provide evidence of the detrimental effects of these drugs on tendon tissues. Injection of TA in combination with 1% lidocaine should be used with caution.", "pos": "Question: Do local anesthetics induce chondrocyte death in bovine articular cartilage disks in a dose- and duration-dependent manner?\nAnswer: Our results suggest that local anesthetics (i.e., bupivacaine, lidocaine, or ropivacaine) can have a detrimental effect on chondrocyte viability in bovine articular cartilage disks in a dose- and duration-dependent manner.", "neg": "Question: Does botulinum toxin a decrease calf pain or improve ROM during limb lengthening : a randomized trial?\nAnswer: Local injection of 200 IU BtX-A at the human calf muscle does not appear to reduce calf pain or help enhance ROM of the knee and ankle during tibial lengthening. However, the small sample size provided sufficient power to detect only relatively large clinical effects; future, larger trials will be needed to determine whether smaller differences are present.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}409{"query": "Question: Is pKCε a negative regulator of PVAT-derived vessel formation?\nAnswer: PKCε negatively interferes with vessel progenitor differentiation via interaction with PAK-1.", "pos": "Question: Is acid Sphingomyelinase ( ASM ) a Negative Regulator of Regulatory T Cell ( Treg ) Development?\nAnswer: ASM is a negative regulator of natural and iTreg.", "neg": "Question: Are adrenal endothelin-1 levels associated with aldosterone secretion in primary aldosteronism?\nAnswer: The present data argue against the hypothesis of increased ET-1 secretion from APAs and do not support a general role for adrenal ET-1 in the vascular pathophysiology of PA.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}410{"query": "Question: Does topical bFGF improve Secondary Lymphedema through Lymphangiogenesis in a Rat Tail Model?\nAnswer: Topical bFGF induces lymphangiogenesis and improves lymphedema in the rat tail model.", "pos": "Question: Does topical vitamin K1 promote repair of full thickness wound in rat?\nAnswer: Topical vitamin K demonstrates wound healing potential in full-thickness wound model.", "neg": "Question: Does systemic antibiotic therapy significantly improve outcome in a rat model of implant-associated osteomyelitis induced by Methicillin susceptible Staphylococcus aureus?\nAnswer: Systemic perioperative and implant-associated application of antibiotics were both comparably effective to treat implant-associated infections whereas the combined antibiotic therapy further reduced systemic signs of infection time dependent.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}411{"query": "Question: Is elevated serum creatine phosphokinase associated with mortality and inotropic requirement in critically injured adults?\nAnswer: In critically injured patients, elevated serum CPK level is independently associated with mortality, need for inotropic medication, and duration of inotropic support. This study is the first to evaluate the relationship of CPK level and mortality in addition to surrogate measures of shock in a population of critically injured patients. If these associations are verified prospectively, there may be a role for treatment with hemeprotein reductants, such as paracetamol, to mitigate the effects of shock and end-organ dysfunction.", "pos": "Question: Does endogenous activated protein C predict hemorrhagic transformation and mortality after tissue plasminogen activator treatment in stroke patients?\nAnswer: A high endogenous APC level 2 h after t-PA administration is independently associated with hemorrhagic transformation and mortality in our cohort of stroke patients. Establishing any causal link for these relationships needs further research.", "neg": "Question: Are platelet monocyte aggregates and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 inhibited by aspirin in critical limb ischaemia?\nAnswer: Despite aspirin treatment CLI patients have higher platelet activation and MCP-1 expression than controls and claudicants. With increasing severity of disease aspirin is unable to suppress markers of platelet activation and pro-atherosclerotic chemokine expression which may represent another form of aspirin resistance.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}412{"query": "Question: Does thalidomide control adipose tissue inflammation associated with high-fat diet-induced obesity in mice?\nAnswer: Our results suggest that drugs that can modulate the inflammatory status as well as control adipose tissue expansion could represent an interesting approach in the management of obesity, highlighting the need for further development of such compounds.", "pos": "Question: Does the phospholipase A ( 2 ) inhibitor methyl indoxam suppress diet-induced obesity and glucose intolerance in mice?\nAnswer: These results show that oral supplementation of a diabetogenic diet with the Pla2g1b inhibitor methyl indoxam effectively suppresses diet-induced obesity and diabetes in mice. This suggests that Pla2g1b inhibition may be a potentially effective oral therapeutic option for treatment of obesity and diabetes.", "neg": "Question: Do leptin-resistant obese mice form biliary crystals on a high cholesterol diet?\nAnswer: These data suggest that Lep(db) obese mice fed a high cholesterol diet have increased gallbladder volume and decreased biliary cholesterol saturation and crystal formation despite elevated serum cholesterol compared with lean control mice. We conclude that the link among obesity, diet, and gallstone formation may not require hypersecretion of biliary cholesterol and may be related to the effects of diabetes, hyperlipidemia, or both on gallbladder motility.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}413{"query": "Question: Does mild-to-moderate intensity exercise improve cardiac autonomic drive in type 2 diabetes?\nAnswer: These data suggest that three times per week moderate intensity aerobic exercise for 6 months improves cardiac rhythm regulation as measured by heart rate variability in type 2 diabetic patients.", "pos": "Question: Does clinical trial demonstrate exercise following bariatric surgery improves insulin sensitivity?\nAnswer: Moderate exercise following RYGB surgery provides additional improvements in S(I), S(G), and cardiorespiratory fitness compared with a sedentary lifestyle during similar weight loss.", "neg": "Question: Does short-term exercise training stimulate skeletal muscle ATP synthesis in relatives of humans with type 2 diabetes?\nAnswer: The ability of short-term exercise to stimulate ATP production distinguished individuals with improved insulin sensitivity from those whose insulin sensitivity did not improve. In addition, the NDUFB6 gene polymorphism appeared to modulate this adaptation. This finding suggests that genes involved in mitochondrial function contribute to the response of ATP synthesis to exercise training.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}414{"query": "Question: Is severity of hearing impairment positively associated with urine albumin excretion rate in patients with type 2 diabetes?\nAnswer: The present study showed increased albuminuria was positively associated with the severity of hearing impairment among patients with type 2 diabetes. Screening for hearing impairment in diabetic patients who develop albuminuria might provide early detection of hearing impairment.", "pos": "Question: Is neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio a reliable predictive marker for early-stage diabetic nephropathy?\nAnswer: Increased NLR was significantly associated with DN, and high NLR values may be a reliable predictive marker of early-stage DN.", "neg": "Question: Do markers of renal tubular dysfunction measured annually predict risk of microalbuminuria in the first few years after diagnosis of Type I diabetes?\nAnswer: Raised amounts of urine retinol binding protein and N-acetyl-glycosaminidase are related to HbA1c and the duration of diabetes. They occur in the majority of subjects and are not early markers for the risk of microalbuminuria.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}415{"query": "Question: Are in Rasmussen encephalitis , hemichannels associated with microglial activation linked to cortical pyramidal neuron coupling : a possible mechanism for cellular hyperexcitability?\nAnswer: In RE, these results support the notion that a possible mechanism for cellular hyperexcitability may be related to increased intercellular coupling from pannexin linked to increased microglial activation. Such findings suggest that a possible antiseizure treatment for RE may involve the use of gap junction blockers.", "pos": "Question: Does transcranial magnetic stimulation reveal cortical hyperexcitability in episodic cluster headache?\nAnswer: We investigated cortical excitability in episodic cluster headache by using transcranial magnetic stimulation, providing evidence of cortical hyperexcitability in patients both inside and outside bout. We suggest that an abnormal state of cortical excitability could be involved in the pathophysiology of the disease.", "neg": "Question: Do different strategies moderate primary motor cortex involvement in mental rotation : a TMS study?\nAnswer: This finding suggests that M1 involvement is not exclusively linked with the use of the internal strategy but rather directly with the process of mental rotation. Alternatively, our results might support the hypothesis that M1 is active due to a 'spill-over' effect from adjacent brain regions.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}416{"query": "Question: Do genome-wide ancestry patterns in Rapanui suggest pre-European admixture with Native Americans?\nAnswer: These genetic results can be explained by one or more pre-European trans-Pacific contacts.", "pos": "Question: Is horizontal gene transfer in bdelloid rotifers ancient , ongoing and more frequent in species from desiccating habitats?\nAnswer: Nearly half of foreign genes were acquired before the divergence of bdelloid families over 60 Mya. Nonetheless, HGT is ongoing in bdelloids and has contributed to putative functional differences among species. Variation among our study species is consistent with the hypothesis that desiccating habitats promote HGT.", "neg": "Question: Are elastin polymorphism haplotype and intracranial aneurysms associated in Central Europe?\nAnswer: Our data probably reflect increased genetic heterogeneity of intracranial aneurysm in Europe compared with Japan.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}417{"query": "Question: Are serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin levels correlated with the complexity and the severity of atherosclerosis in acute coronary syndrome?\nAnswer: NGAL level was positively correlated with lesion complexity and severity of coronary artery disease in patients with NSTE-ACS. Serum NGAL levels on admission are associated with increased burden of atherosclerosis in patients with NSTE-ACS.", "pos": "Question: Is elevated plasma apolipoprotein AV in acute coronary syndrome positively correlated with triglyceride and C-reactive protein?\nAnswer: The plasma apoAV concentration is increased and positively correlates with TG and CRP in ACS patients.", "neg": "Question: Does lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 predict mortality or new ischaemic events in acute coronary syndrome patients?\nAnswer: ACS patients had higher Lp-PLA(2) levels than healthy controls. Lp-PLA(2) was significantly correlated to lipid levels but only weakly correlated or unrelated to other well-established risk markers in ACS. The risk of future cardiovascular events or mortality was not related to Lp-PLA(2) levels in ACS patients. The biological role of Lp-PLA(2) and its role as a risk marker in ACS patients still remain unclear.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}418{"query": "Question: Does early tracheostomy in trauma patients save time and money?\nAnswer: In the current era of increased health-care costs, early tracheostomy significantly decreased both pulmonary morbidity and critical care resource utilization. This translates to an appreciable cost savings, at minimum $52,173 per patient and a potential total savings of $2.8million/year for the entire LT cohort. For trauma patients requiring prolonged ventilator support, early tracheostomy should be performed.", "pos": "Question: Do a critical analysis of secondary overtriage to a Level I trauma center?\nAnswer: A significant number of patients transferred to our trauma center were discharged within 24 hours; most of them required observation and/or minor procedures. Appropriately increasing primary hospital resources, in addition to interhospital outreach in the form of education or telemedicine, should be considered to decrease the number of avoidable transfers.", "neg": "Question: Does early primary repair of tetralogy of Fallot lead to increased postoperative resource utilization?\nAnswer: Extracardiac anomalies, prematurity, low birth weight, and nonelective surgical intervention are predictors of increased morbidity and increased hospital resource utilization and impose a significant cost burden to the care of these patients. Early primary repair of tetralogy of Fallot can be safely performed without any increase in morbidity or increased hospital resource utilization.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}419{"query": "Question: Is troponin-I a predictor of a delayed diagnosis of atrial fibrillation in acute ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack?\nAnswer: TnI elevation is associated with a higher likelihood of subsequent AF diagnosis. Identification of these higher risk stroke and TIA cases for more intensive cardiac monitoring may improve stroke secondary prevention practices.", "pos": "Question: Is early repolarization associated with atrial and ventricular tachyarrhythmias in patients with acute ST elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention?\nAnswer: The ER pattern is commonly observed in patients with STEMI and associated with atrial and ventricular tachyarrhythmia during acute setting.", "neg": "Question: Is previous coronary artery bypass grafting a risk factor for aortic valve replacement?\nAnswer: The risk of AVR after previous CABG is similar to that for primary AVR+CABG. Valve replacement should, therefore, be pursued despite prior CABG when hemodynamically significant aortic stenosis develops. Furthermore, a circumspect approach to \"prophylactic\" AVR for mild aortic stenosis at primary CABG seems warranted.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}420{"query": "Question: Does borax partially prevent neurologic disability and oxidative stress in experimental spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury?\nAnswer: Borax treatment seems to protect the spinal cord against injury in a rat ischemia/reperfusion model and improve neurological outcome.", "pos": "Question: Does lipopolysaccharide-induced preconditioning protect against traumatic spinal cord injury by upregulating Nrf2 expression in rats?\nAnswer: LPS preconditioning effectively alleviates TSCI-induced impairment and preserves nervous function in a Nrf2-dependent manner.", "neg": "Question: Does valproic acid-mediated inhibition of trimethyltin-induced deficits in memory and learning in the rat directly depend on its anti-oxidant properties?\nAnswer: The results of present study showed that VPA attenuates TMT-induced memory deficits. Protective effects against brain tissues oxidative damage might have a role in the beneficial effects of VPA.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}421{"query": "Question: Does proteinuria predict postcardiotomy acute kidney injury in patients with preserved glomerular filtration rate?\nAnswer: Urine analysis is usually neglected before cardiac surgery despite the fact that proteinuria is the earliest manifestation of kidney dysfunction. In the current study, we show that urine protein is strongly and independently associated with postoperative acute kidney injury in subjects with preserved estimated glomerular filtration rate. These data suggest that such a relatively simple and clinically easy to use tool as a urinary dipstick may be useful to identify patients at high risk of acute kidney injury before cardiac surgery.", "pos": "Question: Do society of Thoracic Surgeons score predicts kidney injury in patients not undergoing bypass surgery?\nAnswer: The STS score is an effective tool for predicting AKI in patients with coronary artery disease who have not undergone CABG. Frequent monitoring of serum creatinine level or early application of AKI biomarkers are warranted for STS renal failure 5.7% or greater.", "neg": "Question: Is [ Ischemia an independent predictive factor of chronic renal failure after partial nephrectomy in a solitary kidney in patients without pre-operative renal insufficiency ]?\nAnswer: Renal function following PN in a solitary kidney seems to depend on non-reversible factors such as pre-operative glomerular filtration rate. Our findings minimize the role of vascular clamping and ischemia time, which were not significantly associated with chronic renal failure risk in our study.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}422{"query": "Question: Does ultrasound shear wave elastography help discriminate low-grade from high-grade bowel wall fibrosis in ex vivo human intestinal specimens?\nAnswer: Ex vivo bowel wall shear wave speed measurements increase when transmural intestinal fibrosis is present.", "pos": "Question: Does abdominal compression during endoscopy ( the Bolster technique ) demonstrate hidden Schatzki rings ( with videos )?\nAnswer: The Bolster technique is a simple maneuver that can increase detection rates of Schatzki rings during endoscopy.", "neg": "Question: Does surfactant administration for neonatal respiratory distress improve lung interstitial fluid clearance : echographic and experimental evidence?\nAnswer: Data from ultrasound in preterm babies are confirmed by animal experiments.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}423{"query": "Question: Do b-type natriuretic peptides improve cardiovascular disease risk prediction in a cohort of women?\nAnswer: In this multiethnic cohort of women with numerous CV events, NT-proBNP modestly improved measures of CVD risk prediction.", "pos": "Question: Do longitudinal changes of serum COMP and urinary CTX-II predict X-ray defined knee osteoarthritis severity and stiffness in women?\nAnswer: Multiple, biennial measures of COMP or CTX-II taken over a 10-year period were predictive of subsequent OAK and knee stiffness.", "neg": "Question: Are rates of screening colonoscopy increased when women are offered a female endoscopist in a health promotion outreach program?\nAnswer: SCO was offered through an outreach program rather than through in-clinic referrals. The study used a nonrandomized trial comparison group.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}424{"query": "Question: Do novel markers predict death and organ failure following hemorrhagic shock?\nAnswer: Serum concentrations of ADAMTS13, HSP27 and sP-Selectin measured during the admission, appear to be comparable to or better than SBP, BD, SI, HR and StO2 in predicting MODS and death after hemorrhage from trauma. These potential new markers deserve further investigation.", "pos": "Question: Does cT angiography spot sign in intracerebral hemorrhage predict active bleeding during surgery?\nAnswer: The CTA spot sign is associated with more intraoperative bleeding, more postoperative rebleeding, and larger residual ICH volumes in patients undergoing hematoma evacuation for spontaneous ICH. The spot sign may therefore be useful to select patients for future surgical trials.", "neg": "Question: Does a haemoperitoneum indicate active bleeding in the peritoneum in 50 % of hypotensive blunt trauma patients : a study of 110 severe trauma patients?\nAnswer: Haemoperitoneum was associated with PAB in only 52% of hypotensive blunt trauma patients and 63% of bleeding patients. In contrast, 59% of bleeding patients had at least one EPAB. The screening of a haemoperitoneum as a marker of active haemorrhagic source may be confusing and lead to misdiagnosis and inappropriate strategy. Clinician should exclude carefully the presence of any EPAB explaining haemorrhagic shock, before to decide haemostatic treatment.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}425{"query": "Question: Is the diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease often unsupported in clinical practice?\nAnswer: Our study showed that the diagnostic prerequisites were widely unfulfilled, although approximately half of the diagnoses were conclusive for inflammatory bowel disease. Thus, in our assessment of clinical practice: (1) clinicians seldom provide suitable clinical and/or endoscopic information for a histological diagnosis and (2) histopathological diagnoses of inflammatory bowel disease are often not supported by morphology.", "pos": "Question: Do rheumatologists lack confidence in their knowledge of cannabinoids pertaining to the management of rheumatic complaints?\nAnswer: Rheumatologists lacked confidence in their knowledge of cannabinoid molecules in general and in their competence to prescribe any cannabinoid for rheumatic complaints. In line with this uncertainty, there is reticence to prescribe cannabinoid preparations for rheumatology patients. Guidance is required to inform rheumatologists on the evidence regarding cannabinoids.", "neg": "Question: Do internal medicine residents accurately assess their medical knowledge?\nAnswer: IM residents did not accurately predict their own level of medical knowledge. Taking the examination and experience with previous exams does not appear to improve the ability of these IM residents to predict their performance. Residents need to be taught to rely on the results of standardized examinations such as the ITE to best assess their overall medical knowledge. The factors important for accurate self-assessment of medical knowledge in individual clinical situations remain unexplored.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}426{"query": "Question: Does transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt placement increase feasibility of colorectal surgery in cirrhotic patients with severe portal hypertension?\nAnswer: Portal decompression via TIPS placement may enable selected cirrhotic patients with severe portal hypertension to undergo colorectal resection for cancer.", "pos": "Question: Is surgical strategy for the gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors ( GISTs ) larger than 5 cm : laparoscopic surgery feasible , safe , and oncologically acceptable?\nAnswer: In patients with gastric GISTs >5 cm, LAP can be performed with outcomes equivalent to those of OPEN if patient selection and intraoperative judgment are appropriate.", "neg": "Question: Does hypotension always make computed tomography scans unfeasible in the management of blunt abdominal trauma patients?\nAnswer: The traditional priority of diagnostic modalities used to manage BAT patients should be reconsidered because of advancements in facilities and understanding of BAT. With shorter scanning times and transportation distances, hypotension does not always make performing a CT scan unfeasible.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}427{"query": "Question: Does pentoxifylline associated to hypertonic saline solution attenuate inflammatory process and apoptosis after intestinal ischemia/reperfusion in rats?\nAnswer: The combined use of pentoxifylline and hypertonic saline offers best results on inflammatory and apoptotic inhibitory aspects after intestinal ischemia/reperfusion.", "pos": "Question: Does hydrogen sulfide reduce inflammation following abdominal aortic occlusion in rats?\nAnswer: Hydrogen sulfide has systemic and renal anti-inflammatory effects in remote IRI following aortic occlusion in rats.", "neg": "Question: Does systemic antibiotic therapy significantly improve outcome in a rat model of implant-associated osteomyelitis induced by Methicillin susceptible Staphylococcus aureus?\nAnswer: Systemic perioperative and implant-associated application of antibiotics were both comparably effective to treat implant-associated infections whereas the combined antibiotic therapy further reduced systemic signs of infection time dependent.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}428{"query": "Question: Is pattern of first recurrent lesions in pancreatic cancer : hepatic relapse associated with dismal prognosis and portal vein invasion?\nAnswer: Hepatic relapse was associated with a dismal prognosis and with pathological portal vein invasion. Novel therapeutic strategies are therefore required to reduce the incidence of hepatic relapse, especially in patients with portal vein invasion.", "pos": "Question: Is hospital readmission associated with poor survival after esophagectomy for esophageal cancer?\nAnswer: Hospital readmissions after esophagectomy for cancer occur frequently and are associated with worse survival. Improved identification of patients at risk for readmission after esophagectomy can inform patient selection, discharge planning, and outpatient monitoring. Optimization of such practices may lead to improved outcomes at reduced cost.", "neg": "Question: Are p16INK4A gene alterations a prognostic indicator for survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing curative hepatectomy?\nAnswer: p16INK4A is altered frequently and early in HCC, being the predominant mechanism of inactivation promoter hypermethylation. The present results suggest that the p16INK4A gene plays an important role in the pathogenesis of HCC.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}429{"query": "Question: Does first registry result from the newly approved ACURATE TA™ TAVI system†?\nAnswer: The short-term result of the registry shows a safety and efficacy profile comparable, if not improved in some aspects, with previously approved transcatheter aortic valve implantation devices. These 'real-world' data highlight an excellent functional outcome, especially in regard to a low rate of relevant paravalvular leak.", "pos": "Question: Does early experience with a new three-dimensional annuloplasty ring for the treatment of functional tricuspid regurgitation?\nAnswer: Tricuspid valve repair with the Contour 3D annuloplasty ring can be performed with a low rate of residual TR at hospital discharge, a low reoperation rate, and with an excellent early functional outcome.", "neg": "Question: Does dydrogesterone reverse the cardiovascular benefits of percutaneous estradiol?\nAnswer: Both HRT groups showed a reduction in their Framingham score. In contrast to data from other HRT investigations on cardiovascular risk, these formulations proved to be safe, even in the first year of use.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}430{"query": "Question: Does phosphorylation of BK channels modulate the sensitivity to hydrogen sulfide ( H2S )?\nAnswer: Our results suggest that phosphorylation by PKG primes the channels for H2S activation and indicate that channel phosphorylation plays an important role in the response to H2S.", "pos": "Question: Do subtoxic levels of hydrogen peroxide induce brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression to protect PC12 cells?\nAnswer: Based on our results, we conclude that the induction of BDNF by subtoxic levels of H2O2 and its signaling may have roles in PC12 cell protection.", "neg": "Question: Do papillary muscles attach directly to the solid heart wall?\nAnswer: This new picture of the geometry of the attachment of the PMs to the heart wall may have important implications for the understanding of their function, including the nature of the transmission of the forces between the PMs and the heart wall.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}431{"query": "Question: Is cognitive reserve a determinant of health-related quality of life in patients with cirrhosis , independent of covert hepatic encephalopathy and model for end-stage liver disease score?\nAnswer: A higher cognitive reserve is associated with a better HRQOL in patients with cirrhosis, despite similar disease severity and prevalence. This indicates that patients with good cognitive reserve are better able to withstand the demands of cirrhosis progression and CHE, leading to a better HRQOL. Patients with lower cognitive reserve may need more dedicated and earlier measures to improve HRQOL. Cognitive reserve should be considered when interpreting HRQOL and cognitive tests to evaluate patients with cirrhosis.", "pos": "Question: Does cerebral performance category at hospital discharge predict long-term survival of cardiac arrest survivors receiving targeted temperature management*?\nAnswer: Patients with different Cerebral Performance Category scores at discharge have significantly different survival trajectories. Favorable Cerebral Performance Category at hospital discharge predicts better long-term outcomes of survivors of cardiac arrest who received targeted temperature management than those with less favorable Cerebral Performance Category scores.", "neg": "Question: Does sense of coherence moderate the relationship between the perceived impact of stress on health and self-rated health in adults with congenital heart disease?\nAnswer: Our findings support the need for further research on the perceived impact of stress on health. Such insights can be valuable for developing interventions aimed at reducing the negative health consequences of stress in patients with congenital heart disease.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}432{"query": "Question: Does use of PET-CT for the assessment of treatment result in patients with sarcoidosis?\nAnswer: FDG PET-CT may be useful for determining activity and the efficacy of treatments. Methylprednisolone is effective in reducing metabolic activity but does not lead to improvement in functional parameters.", "pos": "Question: Is application of a Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia ( SARA ) in Friedreich 's ataxia patients according to posturography limited?\nAnswer: The SARA, in FRDA patients, correlates with stance with visual control but not without visual control which emphasizes sensory ataxia. This suggests that application of the SARA in Friedreich's ataxia patients according to posturography is possible but presumably limited and FARS, although being a more time consuming scale, may have advantages over SARA in FRDA patients.", "neg": "Question: Are thymidylate synthase and folyl-polyglutamate synthase clinically useful markers of response to pemetrexed in patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma?\nAnswer: Although previous retrospective data suggest that TS and FPGS expression might be potential markers of Pem efficacy in MPM, our data indicate these markers lack sufficient predictive value in individual patients and should not be used to guide therapeutic decisions in the absence of prospective studies.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}433{"query": "Question: Does energy replacement using glucose increase postprandial lipemia after moderate intensity exercise?\nAnswer: In conclusion, energy replacement by glucose did not affect the decrease in postprandial TG concentrations observed after moderate intensity exercise and exercise does not affect changes in PBMC HMGCR, VLDL and LDL receptor mRNA expression.", "pos": "Question: Does intensity of acute exercise affect serum leptin concentrations in young men?\nAnswer: We conclude that 30 min of acute exercise, at varying intensity of exercise and caloric expenditure, does not affect serum leptin concentrations during exercise or for the first 3.5 hours of recovery in healthy young men.", "neg": "Question: Does growth hormone receptor antagonist treatment reduce exercise performance in young males?\nAnswer: GH might be an important determinant of exercise capacity during prolonged exercise, but GHR antagonist did not alter fat metabolism during exercise.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}434{"query": "Question: Is circulating retinol binding protein 4 associated with coronary lesion severity of patients with coronary artery disease?\nAnswer: Plasma RBP4 levels are significantly associated with coronary lesion complexity in women with stable CAD and ACS and predict incident cardiovascular events.", "pos": "Question: Are elevated C-reactive protein levels associated with prevalent dementia in the oldest-old?\nAnswer: In the oldest-old, high CRP levels are associated with increased odds of all-cause dementia, particularly in women. Prospective studies are necessary to confirm whether increased CRP levels are associated with an increased risk of developing dementia in this age group.", "neg": "Question: Is retinol-binding protein-4 strongly associated with insulin sensitivity in normal pregnancies?\nAnswer: The increased fat mass and insulin resistance during normal pregnancy was best explained by measures of fat mass. However, the increase in RBP4 from early to late pregnancy, associated with a decline in insulin sensitivity, potentially indicates interactions with glucose metabolism.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}435{"query": "Question: Is a high quality diet associated with reduced systemic inflammation in middle-aged individuals?\nAnswer: In this cross-sectional study, we found that a high diet quality is associated with lower systemic inflammation. As the incidence of cardiovascular disease and cancer is directly correlated with the levels of inflammation, our findings might indicate a protective role of high-quality diet.", "pos": "Question: Is dietary counseling associated with an improved lipid profile in children with familial hypercholesterolemia?\nAnswer: FH children had a higher intake of SFA than recommended and the SFA intake was positively correlated with plasma TC, LDL-C and apo B levels in FH children not using statins. Importantly, the plasma lipid profile was improved in FH children after dietary counseling where focus was on reducing intake of SFA and dietary cholesterol.", "neg": "Question: Do anti-oxidant properties of N-acetyl-L-cysteine improve the immune resistance of mice fed dietary lipids to Listeria monocytogenes infection?\nAnswer: On the basis of these results, we can confirm that the administration of NAC improves survival in mice fed LF diet, whereas a reduction in the generation of superoxide radicals was measured in mice fed a FO diet and infected with L. monocytogenes. Similarly, bacterial recovery was diminished in mice fed diets containing LF or HCO. Hence, these data reveal a beneficial effect of NAC in mice fed LF or HCO and a detrimental action of this antioxidant in mice fed diets containing FO or OO.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}436{"query": "Question: Does pseudoaneurysm of head and neck vessels have been frequently observed in road side bomb blast victims?\nAnswer: Surgical intervention remains the management of choice for post-traumatic false aneurysms of head and neck in Pakistan. Despite the benefits of endovascular procedures, improvements must be weighed against the added costs on the patients.", "pos": "Question: Is care of patients undergoing vascular surgery at safety net public hospitals associated with higher cost but similar mortality to nonsafety net hospitals?\nAnswer: Patients undergoing vascular surgery at SNPHs, despite being younger, had higher comorbidities, presented more urgently with more advanced disease, and incurred higher costs than the SNPH cohort despite similar adjusted odds of in-hospital mortality. Delayed presentation and higher comorbidities are most likely related to poor access to routine and preventive health care for the SNPH patients.", "neg": "Question: Is balloon-assisted coiling of intracranial aneurysms associated with a higher complication rate?\nAnswer: When BAC is used frequently, it is a safe and effective technique that is associated with complication rates comparable to those of CC. Although BAC is not associated with more stable anatomical results, it should be considered as an alternative therapeutic option for the treatment of broad-based intracranial aneurysms.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}437{"query": "Question: Is altered perineal microbiome associated with vulvovaginitis and urinary tract infection in preadolescent girls?\nAnswer: Vulvovaginitis may cause UTIs by altering the perineal biome such that there is increased colonization of uropathogens.", "pos": "Question: Is interstitial cystitis an etiology of chronic pelvic pain in young women?\nAnswer: The results of this study suggest that interstitial cystitis is an etiology of CPP in young women. Evaluation of the bladder as an origin of pelvic pain is warranted in young women with CPP and urinary frequency or dyspareunia.", "neg": "Question: Are post-pyelonephritic renal scars associated with vesicoureteral reflux in children?\nAnswer: Renal scars after first pyelonephritis are in most cases not associated with abnormalities of the urinary tract, but are caused by the infection itself. However, structural abnormalities may predispose to recurrent infections. Following pyelonephritis new renal scars may develop in all age groups in both sexes.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}438{"query": "Question: Does cystamine improve functional recovery via axon remodeling and neuroprotection after stroke in mice?\nAnswer: These data provide evidence to investigate the promising utility of cystamine for therapy of stroke in a variety of ways, acting principally through BDNF/TrkB pathway.", "pos": "Question: Does salidroside alleviate cachexia symptoms in mouse models of cancer cachexia via activating mTOR signalling?\nAnswer: In the current study, the exciting effect of salidroside on CAC suggested that salidroside supplementation might be a promising approach for a multi-targeted therapy for the treatment of CAC.", "neg": "Question: Does treatment with the immunomodulator FTY720 promote spontaneous bacterial infections after experimental stroke in mice?\nAnswer: Our results corroborate the experimental evidence of the protective effect of FTY720 seen in different rodent stroke models. Interestingly, we found no increase in bacterial lung infections even though FTY720 strongly reduces the number of circulating leukocytes.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}439{"query": "Question: Does anti-IGF-1R monoclonal antibody inhibit the carcinogenicity activity of acquired trastuzumab-resistant SKOV3?\nAnswer: We achieved satisfactory anti-tumor activity using trastuzumab plus LMAb1 in trastuzumab-resistant ovarian cancer model. In similar cases, not only acquired but also de novo, good curative effect might be achieved using combined antibody therapy strategies.", "pos": "Question: Does combination of Photodynamic Therapy and Specific Immunotherapy Efficiently eradicate Established Tumors?\nAnswer: We show that immunotherapy can be efficiently combined with PDT to eradicate established tumors, based on strong local tumor ablation and the induction of a robust systemic immune response. These results suggest combination of active immunotherapy with tumor ablation by PDT as a feasible novel treatment strategy for advanced cancer.", "neg": "Question: Does oregovomab maintenance monoimmunotherapy improve outcomes in advanced ovarian cancer?\nAnswer: Although oregovomab has demonstrated bioactivity, the strategy of monoimmunotherapy is not effective as maintenance therapy after front-line treatment of a favorable subset of patients with advanced ovarian cancer. Future studies of this or other tumor-antigen specific immunization strategies should seek ways to further augment induced immunity.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}440{"query": "Question: Does metabolic efficiency promote protection from pressure overload in hearts expressing slow skeletal troponin I?\nAnswer: Expression of a single fetal myofilament protein into adulthood in the ssTnI-transgenic mouse heart induced downregulation of the gene expression response for pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase to pressure overload. The consequence of elevated pyruvate oxidation in ssTnI during TAC reduced anaplerotic flux, ameliorating inefficiencies in glucose oxidation, with energetic and functional protection against cardiac decompensation.", "pos": "Question: Does the renin-angiotensin system promote arrhythmogenic substrates and lethal arrhythmias in mice with non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy?\nAnswer: Renin inhibition or genetic deletion of AT1aR suppresses pathological cardiac remodelling that leads to the generation of substrates maintaining VT/VF and reduces the occurrence of sudden death in dnNRSF-Tg mice. These findings demonstrate the significant contribution of RAS activation to the progression of arrhythmogenic substrates.", "neg": "Question: Is cardiac hypertrophy a required compensatory response to short-term pressure overload?\nAnswer: In this experimental setting, calcineurin blockade with CsA prevented LV hypertrophy due to pressure overload. TAB mice treated with CsA maintain normal LV size and systolic function.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}441{"query": "Question: Does preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio predict response to first-line platinum-based chemotherapy and prognosis in serous ovarian cancer?\nAnswer: Our findings indicated that high levels of preoperative NLR might be a potential biomarker of worse response to first-line platinum-based chemotherapy and poor clinical outcomes in patients with SOC. Further validation of this easily available parameter as a potential stratification tool in prospective studies should be encouraged.", "pos": "Question: Is elevated preoperative plasma D-dimer level a useful predictor of chemoresistance and poor disease outcome for serous ovarian cancer patients?\nAnswer: Elevated preoperative plasma D-dimer levels were associated with chemoresistance and poor disease outcome in serous ovarian cancer patients. Further validation of this easily available parameter as a promising prognostic biomarker for patients with SOC in prospective studies should be encouraged.", "neg": "Question: Do preoperative serum levels of c-erbB-2 seem to be useful in management of patients with rectal cancer?\nAnswer: Although preoperative serum c-erbB-2 levels were significantly higher in rectal cancer patients than in healthy controls, the soluble c-erbB-2 does not seem to be useful in the diagnosis of rectal cancer due to its low sensitivity. Preoperative serum levels of this oncoprotein were predictive neither for overall survival nor for local recurrence/distant metastases in rectal cancer patients.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}442{"query": "Question: Are alcohol mixed with energy drinks robustly associated with patterns of problematic alcohol consumption among young adult college students?\nAnswer: AmED consumption in the past month is robustly associated with problematic alcohol consumption. The present study describes harmful outcomes associated with AmED consumption, and extends the literature on the combined effects of alcohol and energy drinks on young adult risk behaviors. Further research needs to address causal mechanisms for the AmED and problematic alcohol consumption relation.", "pos": "Question: Does substance Use and Related harm Among Adolescents With and Without Traumatic Brain Injury?\nAnswer: There are strong and demographically stable associations between TBI and substance use. These associations may not only increase the odds of injury but impair the quality of postinjury recovery.", "neg": "Question: Are alcohol interventions for trauma patients just for adults : justification for brief interventions for the injured adolescent at a pediatric trauma center?\nAnswer: Injured youth admitted to a pediatric trauma center are a high-risk population. Alcohol misuse is a significant cofactor for trauma for these patients, and effective developmentally appropriate interventions are justified and needed.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}443{"query": "Question: Does home and workplace built environment support for physical activity?\nAnswer: This study offers empirical evidence on BE supports for domain-specific PA. Findings suggest that diverse, attractive, and walkable neighborhoods around workplaces support walking, bicycling, and use of public transit. Public health practitioners, researchers, and worksite leaders could benefit by utilizing worksite domains and measures from this study for future BE assessments.", "pos": "Question: Is individual Public Transportation Accessibility Positively Associated with Self-Reported Active Commuting?\nAnswer: This study extends the knowledge about the driving forces of using public transportation for commuting by examining the individual public transportation accessibility. Findings suggest that transportation accessibility supports active commuting and planning of improved public transit accessibility has thus a potential of providing health benefits to commuters.", "neg": "Question: Is work-related physical activity associated with body mass index and obesity?\nAnswer: These results raise questions about the association between WRPA and obesity and suggest the need to reexamine models of the obesity epidemic that point to automation of the workplace as one of the major explanatory factors.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}444{"query": "Question: Do young low-income ethnic minority children watch less television when their mothers regulate what they are viewing?\nAnswer: Our findings suggest that regulating content influences viewing amounts in young children approximately 16 months later. Interventions focused on heightening parental regulation of content may improve content and diminish viewing amounts.", "pos": "Question: Is cognitive and language performance in children associated with maternal social anxiety disorder : A study of young mothers in southern Brazil?\nAnswer: Our findings suggest that children with mothers suffering from SAD have poorer cognitive abilities and language skills.", "neg": "Question: Does physical activity attenuate the obesity risk of TV viewing in youth?\nAnswer: Adolescents spending excessive TV time are prone to obesity independently of their PA levels. Families should put TV sets out of adolescents' bedroom and keep TV sets off during meal times.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}445{"query": "Question: Is clinically recognizable error rate after the transfer of comprehensive chromosomal screened euploid embryos low?\nAnswer: The clinically recognizable error rate with qPCR-based CCS is real but quite low. Although evaluated in only a limited number of specimens, mosaicism appears to play a prominent role in misdiagnoses. Mosaic errors present a genuine limit to the effectiveness of aneuploidy screening, because they are not attributable to technical issues in the embryology or analytic laboratories.", "pos": "Question: Is single cell segmental aneuploidy detection compromised by S phase?\nAnswer: The results demonstrate that the accuracy to detect segmental chromosomal imbalances is reduced in S-phase cells, which could be a source of misdiagnosis in PGD. Hence, the cell cycle phase of the analyzed cell is of great importance and should be taken into account during the analysis. This knowledge may guide future technological improvements.", "neg": "Question: Are small pulmonary artery defects reliable indicators of pulmonary embolism?\nAnswer: There is relatively poor interobserver agreement for subsegmental and/or small pulmonary artery defects, especially in CT pulmonary angiograms degraded by technical artifacts. These factors can lead to an increased frequency of inaccurate interpretation or indeterminate diagnosis of subsegmental and/or small defects. Caution is indicated in interpreting the significance of small vascular defects in CT pulmonary angiograms.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}446{"query": "Question: Do human adenovirus Ad36 and its E4orf1 gene enhance cellular glucose uptake even in the presence of inflammatory cytokines?\nAnswer: Unlike Ad36, E4orf1 does not appear to stimulate inflammatory response. Ad36 and E4orf1 both enhance cellular glucose uptake even in presence of inflammation. Further research is needed to harness this novel and beneficial property of E4orf1 to improve hyperglycemia despite chronic inflammation that is commonly present in aging and obesity.", "pos": "Question: Does high glucose attenuate insulin-induced VEGF expression in bovine retinal microvascular endothelial cells?\nAnswer: Both insulin and high glucose can markedly increase VEGF expression in BRECs at the mRNA and protein level. We propose that insulin may upregulate VEGF expression through the PI3-K signalling pathway in BRECs, and high glucose may attenuate insulin-induced VEGF expression by impairing PI3-K signalling pathways.", "neg": "Question: Do baculovirus-mediated gene transfer and recombinant protein expression interfere with insulin dependent phosphorylation of PKB/Akt in human SHSY-5Y and C3A cells?\nAnswer: Widely-used adenovirus vectors for gene delivery cause a state of insulin unresponsiveness in human SHSY-5Y and C3A cells in culture due to the activation of central protein kinases of the insulin signalling pathway. This phenomenon can be avoided when studying insulin signalling by using recombinant baculovirus as a heterologous viral expression system. In addition, our data may contribute to an understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying baculovirus infection of human cells.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}447{"query": "Question: Does femoral insufficiency fractures in the elderly - excessive medial femoral bowing complicate intramedullary nailing?\nAnswer: We suggest the addition of another radiographic pattern of 'excessive medial femoral bowing' in low-energy femoral shaft fractures in elderly patients. This bowing complicates intramedullary nailing. Moreover, these insufficiency fractures should be fixed with long cephalomedullary nails.", "pos": "Question: Is cartilage thickness at the posterior medial femoral condyle increased in femorotibial knee osteoarthritis : a cross-sectional CT arthrography study ( Part 2 )?\nAnswer: Cartilage thickness at the non-weight-bearing posterior aspect of the medial condyle, but not of the lateral condyle, was increased in OA knees compared to non-OA knees. Furthermore, cartilage thickness at the posterior aspect of the medial condyle increased with increasing K/L grade.", "neg": "Question: Are anatomical landmarks of the distal femoral condyles always parallel to the tibial bone cut surface in flexion during total knee arthroplasty?\nAnswer: The anatomical landmarks of the distal femoral condyles are not always parallel to the tibial bone cut surface in flexion. To create a rectangular flexion joint gap, the rotation of the femoral component rotation is based not only on the anatomical landmarks but also on the ligament balance.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}448{"query": "Question: Do mutations in the Arabidopsis homoserine kinase gene DMR1 confer enhanced resistance to Fusarium culmorum and F. graminearum?\nAnswer: These findings suggest that common Arabidopsis DMR1 mediated susceptibility mechanisms occur during infection by both obligate biotrophic oomycete and hemi-biotrophic fungal pathogens, not only in vegetative but also in reproductive plant tissues. This has the potential to aid the development of cereal crops with enhanced resistance to FEB.", "pos": "Question: Does macrolide Resistance in Treponema pallidum correlate With 23S rDNA Mutations in Recently Isolated Clinical Strains?\nAnswer: A macrolide resistant phenotype was demonstrated for all strains harboring a 23S rDNA mutation, demonstrating that either A2058G or A2059G mutation confers in vivo drug resistance.", "neg": "Question: Is a globally occurring indel polymorphism in the promoter of the IFNA2 gene associated with severity of malaria but with the positivity rate of HCV?\nAnswer: Polymorphisms in genes involved in the interferon pathway have been implicated in the resistance or susceptibility against cerebral malaria and HBV. Here we show that an indel polymorphism, which mediates a disadvantageous effect in HBV patients, may also play a disadvantageous role in HCV infections stressing the importance of a fully functional interferon pathway.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}449{"query": "Question: Does ultrasound elastography correlate treatment response by antiviral therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C?\nAnswer: With a few exceptions, SVR improved LS. All patients with an increase in LFI were in the non-SVR group, even though LFI decreased in 2 patients. Our findings suggest that an LFI increase indicates lack of treatment efficacy with antiviral therapy. LFI may be useful for the assessment of treatment efficacy in patients with worsening of LS despite achieving SVR with antiviral therapy.", "pos": "Question: Do human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C infections induce distinct immunologic imprints in peripheral mononuclear cells?\nAnswer: An aberrant type-I IFN response seen exclusively in HIV-infected individuals could be responsible for the poor therapeutic response experienced by HIV/HCV coinfected individuals receiving interferon-alpha-based current standard of care.", "neg": "Question: Does pre-treatment with prednisolone improve the efficacy of subsequent alpha interferon therapy in chronic hepatitis C?\nAnswer: Prednisolone administration and withdrawal induced a rebound in ALT activity and a decrease in HCV-RNA serum concentration in about one third of the patients with chronic hepatitis C. However, these changes did not enhance the effectiveness of subsequent alpha interferon therapy.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}450{"query": "Question: Does very urgent carotid endarterectomy increase the procedural risk?\nAnswer: These data show that very urgent surgery in symptomatic patients can be performed without increased procedural risk. Given the fact that ruptured plaques with neurological symptoms carry the highest risk of a recurrent ischemic event in the first 2 days, treating patients as soon as possible to offer the highest benefit in stroke prevention is recommended.", "pos": "Question: Do clinical Scales Reliably Identify Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients With Large-Artery Occlusion?\nAnswer: Using published cutoffs for triage would result in a loss of opportunity for ≥20% of patients with large-artery occlusion who would be inappropriately sent to a center lacking neurointerventional facilities. Conversely, using cutoffs reducing the false-negative rate to 10% would result in sending almost every patient to a comprehensive stroke center. Our findings, therefore, suggest that intracranial arterial imaging should be performed in all patients with acute ischemic stroke presenting within 6 hours of symptom onset.", "neg": "Question: Is minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting associated with improved clinical outcomes?\nAnswer: Minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting is safe, and early clinical outcomes are comparable, if not superior in some respects, to OPCAB. Extubation in the OR is feasible, well tolerated, and associated with earlier discharge. Shorter hospital stays may decrease resource use and promote earlier return to activities; however, further research is needed.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}451{"query": "Question: Does b7-H4 overexpression impair the immune response of T cells in human cervical carcinomas?\nAnswer: B7-H4 is overexpressed in human cervical cancers, and it is associated with lower numbers of tumor-infiltrating CD8(+)T lymphocytes and therefore less IFN-γ production. In vitro, B7-H4 inhibits the proliferation of CD4(+)T and CD8(+)T but promotes the proliferation of Tregs and the secretion of IL-10 and TGF-β1. B7-H4 plays an important role in depressing the anti-tumor immunity of CD8(+)T cell in microenvironments of cervical cancer.", "pos": "Question: Is tumor-related leukocytosis associated with poor radiation response and clinical outcome in uterine cervical cancer patients?\nAnswer: This study reveals the aggressive nature of cervical cancer with TRL and its poor response to radiation therapy. Given the unfavorable prognosis and higher probability of treatment failure, optimal diagnostic and therapeutic approaches and careful monitoring for early detection of recurrence should be considered for these patients.", "neg": "Question: Does specific immunotherapy to birch allergen enhance suppression of Th2 cells by CD4 ( + ) CD25 ( + ) regulatory T cells during pollen season?\nAnswer: These results suggest that the Th2-suppressive capacity of allergen-stimulated CD25(pos) Treg in vitro is not improved by SIT in spite of increased IL-10 production from T cells.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}452{"query": "Question: Does preoperative mp-MRI of the prostate provide little information about staging of prostate carcinoma in daily clinical practice?\nAnswer: In routine clinical practice, mp-MRI at non-academic centers has very limited clinical value in predicting ECE and SVI. Our data support the current recommendations against the widespread preoperative use of mp-MRI because it is not adding reliable predictive information on the extent of prostate cancer.", "pos": "Question: Does presence of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Suspicious Lesion predict Gleason 7 or Greater Prostate Cancer in Biopsy-Naive Patients?\nAnswer: Prostate MRI should be considered prior to biopsy in all patients presenting with clinical suspicion for PCa, as presence of a MSR will help guide prebiopsy counseling and provide an opportunity for MRI targeting during biopsy.", "neg": "Question: Does the magnitude of early castration-induced primary tumour regression in prostate cancer predict clinical outcome?\nAnswer: Castration therapy causes primary tumour regression in most patients with advanced prostate cancer, but these primary tumour effects are not predictive for systemic disease control. Studies of early changes in metastases during hormonal therapy will probably give more predictive information for clinical outcome than further studies in primary tumours.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}453{"query": "Question: Do gene expression and genetic analysis reveal diverse causes of recessive self-compatibility in Brassica napus L?\nAnswer: The recessive SC in eight accessions is caused by the loss of function of BnSCR-7 and BnSCR-6 in pollen. Translational repression contributes to the recessive SC in three accessions, whose SRK and SCR genes were expressed normally and had identical CDSs to BrS-29 or BoS-15. SI in 11 F1 hybrids relies on the expression of BnSCR-1300 rather than SRK genes. Other factor(s) independent of the S locus are involved in recessive SC. Therefore, diverse causes underlie recessive SC in B. napus, yielding insight into these complex mechanisms.", "pos": "Question: Do seed bank dynamics govern persistence of Brassica hybrids in crop and natural habitats?\nAnswer: Hybrid persistence was found to be highly dependent on the seed bank, suggesting that targeting hybrid seed survival could be an important management option in controlling hybrid persistence. For local risk mitigation, an increased focus on the wild parent is suggested. Management actions, such as control of B. rapa, could indirectly reduce hybrid populations by blocking hybrid replenishment.", "neg": "Question: Is differential regulation of gene products in newly synthesized Brassica napus allotetraploids related to protein function nor subcellular localization?\nAnswer: Protein identification showed that functionally related polypeptides (isoforms and complex subunits) could be differentially regulated in synthetic B. napus in comparison to its diploid progenitors while such proteins are usually expected to display co-regulation. The genetic redundancy within an allopolyploid could explain why functionally related proteins could display imbalanced levels of expression. No functional category, no metabolic pathway and no subcellular localization was found to be over- or under-represented within non-additive polypeptides, suggesting that the differential regulation of gene products was not related to functional properties of the proteins. Thus, at the protein level, there is no evidence for the \"genomic shock\" expected in neo-polyploids and the overall topology of protein networks and metabolic pathways is conserved in synthetic allotetraploids of B. napus in comparison to its diploid progenitors B. rapa and B. oleracea.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}454{"query": "Question: Do prostaglandin D2 and leukotriene E4 synergize to stimulate diverse TH2 functions and TH2 cell/neutrophil crosstalk?\nAnswer: PGD2 and LTE4 activate TH2 cells through different pathways but act synergistically to promote multiple downstream effector functions, including neutrophil migration and survival. Combined inhibition of both PGD2 and LTE4 pathways might provide an effective therapeutic strategy for allergic responses, particularly those involving interaction between TH2 cells and neutrophils, such as in patients with severe asthma.", "pos": "Question: Does alternaria induce Production of Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin in Nasal Fibroblasts Through Toll-like Receptor 2?\nAnswer: The results of this study show that TSLP expression could be induced in nasal fibroblasts by exposure to Alternaria and that TLR2 may be involved in the process. The promotion of TSLP production in nasal fibroblasts by airborne fungi may facilitate the development or exacerbation of Th2-type nasal inflammation, especially in CRS with nasal polyps.", "neg": "Question: Do eosinophils enhance the trans-basement-membrane migration of neutrophils?\nAnswer: Neutrophils migrated by IL-8 may lead eosinophils to accumulate in the airways of patients with severe asthma. On the other hand, it is unlikely that eosinophils migrated by chemoattractants such as CC chemokines regulate neutrophilic inflammation.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}455{"query": "Question: Does consumption of unprocessed cow 's milk protect infants from common respiratory infections?\nAnswer: Early life consumption of raw cow's milk reduced the risk of manifest respiratory infections and fever by about 30%. If the health hazards of raw milk could be overcome, the public health impact of minimally processed but pathogen-free milk might be enormous, given the high prevalence of respiratory infections in the first year of life and the associated direct and indirect costs.", "pos": "Question: Is n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in milk associate to weight gain and growth in premature infants?\nAnswer: These results suggest that the n-3 PUFA composition of milk may be associated with weight gain and growth. Considering the advantages of n-3 LC-PUFA consumption on infant growth and visual function and its association with reduced incidence of premature birth, dietitians should advise pregnant women to increase their intake of foods high in n-3 LC-PUFA.", "neg": "Question: Does milk affect the bioavailability of cocoa powder flavonoid in healthy human?\nAnswer: Cocoa powder dissolved in milk as one of the most common ways of cocoa powder consumption seems to have a negative effect on the absorption of polyphenols; however, statistical analyses have shown that milk does not impair the bioavailability of polyphenols and thus their potential beneficial effect in chronic and degenerative disease prevention.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}456{"query": "Question: Does melatonin-sulforaphane hybrid ITH12674 induce neuroprotection in oxidative stress conditions by a 'drug-prodrug ' mechanism of action?\nAnswer: ITH12674 combines the signalling pathways of the parent compounds to improve its neuroprotective properties. This opens a new line of research for such hybrid compounds to treat neurodegenerative diseases.", "pos": "Question: Does 2-cyclohexylamino-5,8-dimethoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone inhibit LPS-induced BV2 microglial activation through MAPK/NF-kB signaling pathways?\nAnswer: Our findings demonstrate that our newly synthesized compound derived from DMNQ, 2-cyclohexylamino-5,8-dimethoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (R6), might be a therapeutic agent for the treatment of glia-mediated neuroinflammatory diseases.", "neg": "Question: Does the reversal of amphetamine-induced locomotor activation by a selective neurotensin-1 receptor agonist exhibit tolerance?\nAnswer: The results do not support the development of tolerance for the acute antipsychotic-like effect of NT1 agonists and thus lend support to the contention that NT1 agonists are viable candidates as putative novel antipsychotic drugs.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}457{"query": "Question: Does comprehensive analysis suggest simple processes underlying EEG/ERP - demonstration with the go/no-go paradigm in ADHD?\nAnswer: We show how these processes accord with and provide insight on the waveforms reported in the literature.", "pos": "Question: Is social interaction associated with changes in infants ' motor activity?\nAnswer: These results are in line with those reported by previous studies and confirm the relevance of using motor activity to delineate the early forms of interactive episodes in infants.", "neg": "Question: Does the morphology of high frequency oscillations ( HFO ) improve delineating the epileptogenic zone?\nAnswer: HFO types 1 and 2 similarly reflect epileptogenicity.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}458{"query": "Question: Does endometriosis also affect the decidua in contact with the fetal membranes during pregnancy?\nAnswer: Decidua of women with endometriosis is able to generate endometriotic-like lesions in contact with the fetal membranes.", "pos": "Question: Does maternal obesity influence the relationship between location of neonate fat mass and total fat mass?\nAnswer: The relationship between total FM and location of FM is influenced by maternal obesity.", "neg": "Question: Is histocompatibility leukocyte antigen-G expressed by endometriosis or endometrial tissue?\nAnswer: Immune cell inhibition in endometriosis must be mediated by factors other than HLA-G.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}459{"query": "Question: Do endometriotic ovarian cysts negatively affect the rate of spontaneous ovulation?\nAnswer: Endometriotic cysts, no matter what their volume, do not influence the rate of spontaneous ovulation in the affected ovary.", "pos": "Question: Do the presence and extent of endometriosis effect clinical pregnancy and implantation rates in patients undergoing intracytoplasmic sperm injection?\nAnswer: The presence and extent of endometriosis do not affect implantation and clinical pregnancy rates in patients undergoing ICSI.", "neg": "Question: Is only female age , and not blood type , associated with ovarian reserve?\nAnswer: Blood groups do not constitute a risk or protective factor for ovarian reserve. Therefore, blood groups do not have any predictive value in evaluating ovarian reserve.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}460{"query": "Question: Do song characteristics track bill morphology along a gradient of urbanization in house finches ( Haemorhous mexicanus )?\nAnswer: These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that birds with longer beaks and therefore longer vocal tracts sing songs with lower maximum frequencies because longer tubes have lower-frequency resonances. Thus, for the first time, we reveal dual constraints (one biotic, one abiotic) on the song frequency range of urban animals. Urban foraging pressures may additionally interact with the acoustic environment to shape bill traits and vocal performance.", "pos": "Question: Does natal habitat imprinting counteract the diversifying effects of phenotype-dependent dispersal in a spatially structured population?\nAnswer: Taken together, the current and previous findings that pied flycatchers do not always settle in the habitat to which they are best suited suggest that their strong tendency to return to the natal patch regardless of their body size might lead to maladaptive settlement decisions and thus constrain the potential of phenotype-dependent dispersal to promote microgeographic adaptation.", "neg": "Question: Is assortative mating among Lake Malawi cichlid fish populations simply predictable from male nuptial colour?\nAnswer: We suggest that non-visual cues, such as olfactory signals, may play an important role in mate choice and behavioural isolation in these and perhaps other African cichlid fish. Future speciation models aimed at explaining African cichlid radiations may therefore consider incorporating such mating cues in mate choice scenarios.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}461{"query": "Question: Do the effects of ifenprodil on the activity of antidepressant drugs in the forced swim test in mice?\nAnswer: The concomitant administration of certain commonly prescribed antidepressant drugs that affect the serotonergic neurotransmission (i.e., typical tricyclic antidepressants and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) with a negative modulator selectively binding to the GluN1/N2B subunits of the NMDA receptor complex (i.e., ifenprodil) may induce a more pronounced antidepressant-like effect than monotherapy. However, these findings still need to be confirmed in further experiments.", "pos": "Question: Does danzhi Xiaoyao San ameliorate depressive-like behavior by shifting toward serotonin via the downregulation of hippocampal indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase?\nAnswer: DXS exhibited antidepressant-like effects on rats exposed to CUMS. DXS reduced IDO activity to shift the balance of the Kyn/5-HT pathway toward the 5-HT pathway.", "neg": "Question: Does acute or subchronic clozapine treatment ameliorate prepulse inhibition ( PPI ) deficits in CPB-K mice with low levels of hippocampal NMDA receptor density?\nAnswer: In summary, (1) this study confirmed our working hypothesis: Lower levels of hippocampal glutamatergic receptor densities correspond to lower sensorimotor gating in CPB-K mice, and (2) acute or subchronic treatment with CLZ did not elevate low PPI levels in CPB-K mice. Thus, further experiments will concentrate on other antipsychotic drugs to prove the predictive validity of this animal model.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}462{"query": "Question: Does pulmonary morbidity improve after autologous stem cell transplantation in POEMS syndrome?\nAnswer: Patients with POEMS syndrome treated with aPBSCT have significant improvement in PFTs, respiratory muscle strength, imaging, and post-transplant IL-6. The improvement in PFTs persists during long-term follow-up.", "pos": "Question: Does pulmonary rehabilitation during induction chemoradiotherapy for lung cancer improve pulmonary function?\nAnswer: A pulmonary rehabilitation program for patients with non-small cell lung cancer undergoing induction chemoradiotherapy seems to improve respiratory function. It is particularly recommended for smokers and patients with respiratory impairment.", "neg": "Question: Does baseline body mass index significantly affect outcomes after pulmonary thromboendarterectomy?\nAnswer: Pulmonary thromboendarterectomy outcomes have continued to improve, and this surgery can safely be completed in obese patients, previously deemed to be at high risk for poor outcomes.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}463{"query": "Question: Do nitric oxide and cGMP induce COX-2 expression and PGE2 production in human granulosa cells through CREB signaling pathway?\nAnswer: CREB mediates NO and cGMP-induced COX-2 expression and PGE2 production, which subsequently contribute to NO-regulated ovulation in human granulosa cells.", "pos": "Question: Do cell-surface estrogen receptors mediate calcium-dependent nitric oxide release in human endothelia?\nAnswer: Physiological doses of estrogen immediately stimulate NO release from human endothelial cells through activation of a cell-surface estrogen receptor that is coupled to increases in intracellular calcium.", "neg": "Question: Does cu ( II ) complexation affect oxytocin action on pregnant human myometrium in vitro?\nAnswer: The binding of Cu(2+) ions does not abolish the ability of OXT to interact with oxytocin receptors and stimulate myometrial contraction in vitro.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}464{"query": "Question: Does miR-219-5p modulate cell growth of papillary thyroid carcinoma by targeting estrogen receptor α?\nAnswer: Our investigation identified miR-219-5p as a negative regulator of PTC development through targeting of ERα.", "pos": "Question: Is acid Sphingomyelinase ( ASM ) a Negative Regulator of Regulatory T Cell ( Treg ) Development?\nAnswer: ASM is a negative regulator of natural and iTreg.", "neg": "Question: Does treatment with human insulin increase thyroid cancer risk in patients with type 2 diabetes?\nAnswer: This study does not support the role of human insulin therapy in increasing the risk of thyroid cancer in patients with T2DM.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}465{"query": "Question: Is hypothalamic damage associated with inflammatory markers and worse cognitive performance in obese subjects?\nAnswer: DTI detects obesity-associated hypothalamic damage associated with inflammatory markers and worse cognitive performance. This study highlights the potential utility of λ(1) as a surrogate marker of obesity-associated hypothalamic damage.", "pos": "Question: Is a high-fat diet associated with otitis media with effusion?\nAnswer: A high-fat diet was associated with OME and may represent a confounding factor between obesity and OME.", "neg": "Question: Is high-flow-mediated constriction in adults influenced by biomarkers of cardiovascular and metabolic risk?\nAnswer: Increased body mass, fat mass, and body mass index were associated with a greater H-FMC. When H-FMC was present, the FMD response to reactive hyperemia was significantly lower. Because H-FMC has been observed to negatively affect FMD response to reactive hyperemia, we suggest that H-FMC should be noted when analyzing and interpreting FMD data. H-FMC may be an ancillary measure of endothelial health. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2016.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}466{"query": "Question: Is s100A8 a novel therapeutic target for anaplastic thyroid carcinoma?\nAnswer: These findings establish a novel role for S100A8 in the promoting and enhancing of ATC progression. They further suggest that the inhibition of S100A8 could represent a relevant therapeutic target, with the potential of enabling a more effective treatment path for this deadly disease.", "pos": "Question: Does next-generation sequencing of adrenocortical carcinoma reveal new routes to targeted therapies?\nAnswer: Next-generation sequencing can discover targets of therapy for relapsed and metastatic ACC and shows promise to improve outcomes for this aggressive form of cancer.", "neg": "Question: Does tumor size predict risk of metastatic disease or prognosis of small renal cell carcinomas?\nAnswer: More than 85% of small solid renal tumors are renal cell carcinoma. The majority of localized small renal tumors can be cured with existing surgical approaches. However, there is a small but not insignificant risk of synchronous and metachronous metastatic disease and cancer associated death. Patients considering experimental therapies such as ablation and surveillance should be aware of this. Tumor size alone is not sufficient to distinguish renal cell carcinoma with benign behavior from aggressive small renal cell carcinoma. Survival of patients with small metastatic renal cell carcinoma is better then expected. The biology of these unique tumors should be further studied.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}467{"query": "Question: Do associations of Heart Rate With Inflammatory Markers Are Modulated by Gender and Obesity in Older Adults?\nAnswer: Faster HR is associated with proinflammatory state in elderly patients; this association seems to be limited to women with higher BMI.", "pos": "Question: Is walking speed at self-selected exercise pace lower but energy cost higher in older versus younger women?\nAnswer: Preferred exercise pace incurs a higher metabolic cost in older women and needs be taken into consideration when recommending walking as an exercise modality.", "neg": "Question: Are overweight and obesity in old age associated with greater dementia risk?\nAnswer: Older persons with higher BMI scores have less dementia risk than their counterparts with lower BMI scores. High BMI scores in late life should not necessarily be considered to be a risk factor for dementia.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}468{"query": "Question: Do plant traits respond to the competitive neighbourhood at different spatial and temporal scales?\nAnswer: This study demonstrates that the traits of a single clonal individual can respond to different competitive environments in space and time. The results thus contribute to the understanding of competition mechanisms.", "pos": "Question: Is selection on pollen and pistil traits during pollen competition affected by both sexual conflict and mixed mating in a self-compatible herb?\nAnswer: Selection on pollen and pistil traits in C. heterophylla is affected by both sexual conflict and mixed mating, suggesting the importance of jointly considering these factors in plant evolution.", "neg": "Question: Does cheating explain selective differences at high and low relatedness in a social amoeba?\nAnswer: These results suggest that social competition and something beyond solitary growth differences occurs during the vegetative stage when amoebae eat bacteria and divide by binary fission. The high degree of repeatability of our results indicates that these effects are strong and points to the importance of new approaches to studying interactions in D. discoideum.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}469{"query": "Question: Are endoscopy and EUS key for effective surveillance and management of duodenal adenomas in familial adenomatous polyposis?\nAnswer: Limited follow-up period, young age group, uncontrolled study.", "pos": "Question: Is ulcerative proctitis a frequent location of paediatric-onset UC and not a minor disease : a population-based study?\nAnswer: UP is frequent in paediatric-onset UC and should not be considered as a minor disease. Compared with more extensive UC locations, risks for colonic extension, anti-TNF-α therapy and colectomy were similar in UP, whereas the risk for use of IM was lower.", "neg": "Question: Does inadvertent Splenectomy During Resection for Colorectal Cancer Increase Long-term Mortality in a Propensity Score Model : A Nationwide Cohort Study?\nAnswer: This study was limited by its retrospective study design and lack of detailed information on postoperative complications.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}470{"query": "Question: Are well differentiation and intact Smad4 expression specific features of groove pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas?\nAnswer: These results suggest that GPDACs arise from small branch pancreatic ducts around accessory pancreatic duct penetrating the groove and duodenum and are distinguishable from DACs. Molecular immunohistochemistry suggests the accumulation of genetic abnormalities during tumor progression is slow in comparison with cPDACs. Thus, the site of PDAC occurrence, such as the border or inner area of the pancreas head, may determine genetic progressivity.", "pos": "Question: Does transcriptional profiling of peripheral blood in pancreatic adenocarcinoma patients identify diagnostic biomarkers?\nAnswer: Peripheral blood gene expression profiling is an useful tool for the diagnosis of PDAC. We present a validated four-gene predictor set (ANKRD22, CLEC4D, VNN1, and IRAK3) that may be useful in PDAC diagnosis.", "neg": "Question: Is the PAS positive material in gastric cancer cells of signet ring type mucin?\nAnswer: The lack of MUC protein and mRNA in signet ring tumour cells suggests the amorphous substance is not mucin. The lack of MUC mRNA expression in non-signet ring tumour cells questions exocrine differentiation in this tumour group. The abundant protein expression of the general neuroendocrine markers CgA and synaptophysin, and mRNA expression in tumour cells strengthens the hypothesis that this tumour group may be of neuroendocrine origin.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}471{"query": "Question: Does peroxiredoxin 1 promote pancreatic cancer cell invasion by modulating p38 MAPK activity?\nAnswer: Prdx1 associates with the formation of membrane protrusions through modulation of the activity of p38 MAPK, which in turn promotes PDAC cell invasion.", "pos": "Question: Does [ SCF/c-Kit signaling promote invasion of T24 cells via PI3K pathway ]?\nAnswer: SCF/c-Kit signaling promotes the invasiveness of T24 cells, and this effect is mediated by the PI3K pathway.", "neg": "Question: Do dihydrotestosterone and bicalutamide affect periostin expression in androgen-dependent LNCaP prostate cancer cell lines?\nAnswer: We confirmed the role of POSTN in promoting cancer cell growth. Although POSTN transcription is not likely to be androgen-dependent, the fact that increased cell proliferation POSTN-mediated was impaired by BIC suggests an androgen modulation of POSTN interaction proteins.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}472{"query": "Question: Do increased interleukin-23/17 axis and C-reactive protein are associated with severity of acute pancreatitis in patients?\nAnswer: The serum levels of IL-17, IL-23, and CRP are correlated with the severity of AP and represent valuable prognostic factors in the assessment of disease severity of patients with AP.", "pos": "Question: Is cD64 expression increased in patients with severe acute pancreatitis : clinical significance?\nAnswer: The CD64 level was significantly increased in correlation with the disease severity in SAP and may act as a useful marker for predicting the development of SAP.", "neg": "Question: Is serum carbohydrate antigen 125 an independent prognostic factor in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia?\nAnswer: The results support a high CA-125 level correlates significantly with many clinical features of advanced stage, poor prognostic factors, and worse TFS and OS. However, CA-125 is not an independent prognostic factor in patients with CLL.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}473{"query": "Question: Does [ Waist-to-height ratio change with gender , age and pubertal stage in elementary school children ]?\nAnswer: Since WHtR does not vary with age, gender and pubertal status in elementary school children, it is possible to use a single cutoff value, previously defined in this population, to identify children with cardiometabolic risk.", "pos": "Question: Is lower leg growth suppression caused by inhaled glucocorticoids accompanied by reduced thickness of the cutis or subcutis?\nAnswer: Short-term lower leg growth suppression induced by inhaled glucocorticoids is not confounded by variations in thickness of cutis or subcutis. The present observations further establishes knemometry as a reliable tool for assessment of the risk of growth suppression of inhaled glucocorticoids in children with asthma.", "neg": "Question: Is early-onset Crohn 's disease a risk factor for smaller final height?\nAnswer: Prepubertal onset of CD is a risk for lower final height, independent of the initial disease location and the necessity for surgical interventions.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}474{"query": "Question: Do maternal and childhood psychological factors predict chronic disabling fatigue at age 13 years?\nAnswer: Pediatricians need to be aware that children whose mothers experience anxiety and/or depression between pregnancy and child's age 6 years have an increased risk of developing chronic disabling fatigue in early adolescence. Conversely, clinicians need to be alert to fatigue in children whose mothers have longstanding anxiety and depression. These findings suggest the importance of family-based approaches to treatment.", "pos": "Question: Does sleep Quality predict Persistence of Parental Postpartum Depressive Symptoms and Transmission of Depressive Symptoms from Mothers to Fathers?\nAnswer: Postpartum sleep difficulties may contribute to a vicious cycle between sleep and the persistence of depression after the birth of a child. Sleep problems may also contribute to the transmission of depression within a couple. Psychoeducation and behavioral treatments to improve sleep may benefit new parents.", "neg": "Question: Does disease Activity Explain It All : How Internalizing Symptoms and Caregiver Depressive Symptoms Relate to Health-related Quality of Life Among Youth with Inflammatory Bowel Disease?\nAnswer: Greater DA independently relates to poorer HRQoL. In addition, DA relates to greater child internalizing problems which in turn relate to higher levels of caregiver depressive symptoms and poorer HRQoL. Providers may consider a family-based approach to screen for internalizing problems, especially in patients with active disease, because caregiver and child mood symptoms may partially explain worsening child HRQoL.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}475{"query": "Question: Is position-related injury uncommon in robotic gynecologic surgery?\nAnswer: The incidence of position-related injury among women undergoing robotic surgery was extremely low (0.8%). Due to the low incidence we were unable to identify modifiable risk factors for position-related injury following robotic surgery. A standardized, team-oriented approach may significantly decrease position-related injuries following robotic gynecologic surgery.", "pos": "Question: Is same-day intrauterine device placement rarely complicated by pelvic infection?\nAnswer: Same-day IUD placement was not associated with higher rates of PID. Concern for asymptomatic STI should not delay IUD placement, and efforts to increase the uptake of this highly effective reversible contraception should not be limited to populations at low risk of STI.", "neg": "Question: Is seropositivity to multiple sexually transmitted infections common?\nAnswer: Seropositivity to multiple STIs is not common. This fits the concept of different transmission probabilities and the spread of the STIs, and suggests that seropositivity alone should be used with caution as a surrogate to sexual behavior in women.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}476{"query": "Question: Is increased alcohol consumption in urocortin 3 knockout mice unaffected by chronic inflammatory pain?\nAnswer: The increased drinking in Ucn3 KO supports a role for this peptide in alcohol-related behavior. These data suggest the necessity for more research exploring the relationship between alcohol drinking, chronic pain and the CRF system in rodent models.", "pos": "Question: Does traumatic brain injury induce neuroinflammation and neuronal degeneration that is associated with escalated alcohol self-administration in rats?\nAnswer: These results show an association between post-TBI escalation of alcohol drinking and marked localized neuroinflammation at the site of injury. Moreover, these results highlight the relevance of baseline alcohol preference in determining post-TBI alcohol drinking. Further investigation to determine the contribution of neuroinflammation to increased alcohol drinking post-TBI is warranted.", "neg": "Question: Does chronic binge alcohol consumption diminish effectiveness of continuous antiretroviral suppression of viral load in simian immunodeficiency virus-infected macaques?\nAnswer: These findings indicate that CBA does not attenuate effectiveness of NRTI suppression of viral load, nor does it appear to interact with NRTI to produce toxicity during the initial 2 months of treatment. We conclude that while efforts to reduce AUD in PLWHA should be a priority, counseling on the importance of adherence to ART even on drinking days should also be promoted.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}477{"query": "Question: Does serum free light chain response after 2 courses of induction chemotherapy predict prognosis in myeloma patients?\nAnswer: Early response assessment in terms of sFLC after 2 courses of induction CT seems to have a prognostic effect in MM patients. The methodology and timing of the evaluation based on sFLCs needs to be validated in prospective studies.", "pos": "Question: Do measures in the first year of therapy predict the response to interferon beta in MS?\nAnswer: In RRMS patients treated with IFNbeta, the combination of measures of disease activity and the presence of new active lesions on MRI may have a prognostic value for identifying patients with disease activity in the second and third year of therapy.", "neg": "Question: Does complete calcification of colorectal liver metastases on imaging after chemotherapy indicate sterilization of disease?\nAnswer: This preliminary study shows that although imaging evidence of complete calcification of liver metastases may be a good indicator of chemotherapy response, it does not imply sterilization of the malignancy.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}478{"query": "Question: Does protopine inhibit heterotypic cell adhesion in MDA-MB-231 cells through down-regulation of multi-adhesive factors?\nAnswer: The present results suggest that protopine seems to inhibit the heterotypic cell adhesion between MDA-MB-231 cells, and human umbilical vein endothelial cells by changing the expression of adhesive factors.", "pos": "Question: Does [ Methylglyoxal inhibit human umbilical vein cell migration in vitro by down-regulating integrinβ3 ]?\nAnswer: Methylglyoxal inhibits HUVEC migration in vitro by down-regulating integrin β3 expression.", "neg": "Question: Does allogenicity of cryopreserved human fibroblasts : cryopreservation downregulate the allogenicity of fibroblasts making up the matrices of allografts?\nAnswer: Our study suggests that although the fibroblast cell component may be beneficial in restoring allograft function properties initially, it may render the implanted allograft more immunogenic, ultimately resulting in greater rejection and inflammatory responses by the host and, in turn, degeneration of the graft.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}479{"query": "Question: Does hydrogen sulfide protect testicular germ cells against heat-induced injury?\nAnswer: Our results revealed both physiological and pharmacological roles of H2S in testicular germ cells. Exogenous application of H2S may protect germ cells by preservation of mitochondrial function and stimulation of anti-oxidant activity.", "pos": "Question: Does hydrogen sulfide inhibit MPP ( + ) -induced apoptosis in PC12 cells?\nAnswer: H2S significantly protected PC12 cells against cytotoxicity and apoptosis induced by MPP(+), which was associated with the inhibition by H(2)S of MPP(+)-induced dissipation of MMP and overproduction of ROS. These findings can significantly advance therapeutic approaches to the neurodegenerative diseases which are associated with oxidative stress, such as Parkinson's disease.", "neg": "Question: Is the prostatic utricle a Müllerian duct remnant : immunohistochemical evidence for a distinct urogenital sinus origin?\nAnswer: We show that the utricle forms as an ingrowth of specialized cells from the dorsal wall of the UGS as the caudal MDs regress.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}480{"query": "Question: Is long noncoding RNA PCA3 gene promoter region related to the risk of prostate cancer on Chinese males?\nAnswer: The results of this study suggest that short tandem repeat polymorphism of TAAA in the promoter region of PCA3 gene is a risk-increasing factor for prostate cancer in the Chinese population. In addition to the hereditary factor, the insertion mutation of (TAAA)n in a local tissue maybe another mechanism of the onset of PCa.", "pos": "Question: Are common variants in 8q24 associated with risk for prostate cancer and tumor aggressiveness in men of European ancestry?\nAnswer: Although this study does not directly confirm associations of the three specific SNPs (cited above), it corroborates reported signals of association in 8q24 reaffirming that genetic variation on 8q24 influences susceptibility to PC in men of European ancestry. Although our study did not confirm the allelic association of rs1447295, meta-analysis of this SNP provided support to previous reported associations. Further, this study implicates the 8q24 region with aggressive forms of PC.", "neg": "Question: Do dihydrotestosterone and bicalutamide affect periostin expression in androgen-dependent LNCaP prostate cancer cell lines?\nAnswer: We confirmed the role of POSTN in promoting cancer cell growth. Although POSTN transcription is not likely to be androgen-dependent, the fact that increased cell proliferation POSTN-mediated was impaired by BIC suggests an androgen modulation of POSTN interaction proteins.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}481{"query": "Question: Does ski diminish TGF-β1-induced myofibroblast phenotype via up-regulating Meox2 expression?\nAnswer: Ski diminishes the myofibroblast phenotype induced by TGF-β1 through the suppression of Zeb2 by up-regulating the expression of Meox2.", "pos": "Question: Does theanine improve the function of dendritic cells via the downregulation of cyclooxygenase-2 expression?\nAnswer: Theanine inhibits the transcription and translation of COX-2 and regulates the balance of IL-10/IL-12 secretion in bombesin-inhibited DCs, leading to the recovery of a state of activation in DCs.", "neg": "Question: Do expanded effector memory T-lymphocytes in DBA/2 mice inhibit the growth of SL2 tumours?\nAnswer: SL2 tumours induce expansion of effector memory lymphocytes in DBA/2 mice. However, expanded effector memory lymphocytes do not inhibit the growth of tumours.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}482{"query": "Question: Does docosahexaenoic acid induce M2 macrophage polarization through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ activation?\nAnswer: These findings indicate that DHA can promote resolution of inflammation by facilitating efferocytosis through M2 macrophage polarization. Therefore, DHA may have a therapeutic potential in the management of inflammatory diseases which are related to impaired resolution of inflammation.", "pos": "Question: Does atractylodes macrocephala Koidz stimulate intestinal epithelial cell migration through a polyamine dependent mechanism?\nAnswer: The results obtained from this study revealed that AMK significantly stimulates the migration of IEC-6 cells through a polyamine dependent mechanism, which could accelerate the healing of intestinal injury. These findings suggest the potential value of AMK in curing intestinal diseases characterized by injury and ineffective repair of the intestinal mucosa in clinical practice.", "neg": "Question: Does systemic delivery of DNA or siRNA mediated by linear polyethylenimine ( L-PEI ) induce an inflammatory response?\nAnswer: Taken together our data highlight that linear polyethylenimine is a delivery reagent of choice for nucleic acid therapeutics.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}483{"query": "Question: Does different approaches for interpretation and reporting of immunohistochemistry analysis result in the bone tissue - a review?\nAnswer: The overview of the existing approaches in evaluation and interpretation of IHC data, which are provided in the article, can be used in bone tissue research and for either better understanding of existing scoring systems or developing a new one. Standard multiparametric, semiquantitative IHC scoring systems should simplify and clarify the process of interpretation and reporting of received data.", "pos": "Question: Are methods for detecting , quantifying , and adjusting for dissemination bias in meta-analysis described?\nAnswer: We present an overview of existing methods to detect, quantify, or adjust for dissemination bias. It remains difficult to advise which method should be used as they are all limited and their validity has rarely been assessed. Therefore, a thorough literature search remains crucial in systematic reviews, and further steps to increase the availability of all research results need to be taken.", "neg": "Question: Are important technical parameters presented in reports of intraoral digital radiography in endodontic treatment : recommendations for future studies?\nAnswer: The methodologic quality of future publications must be improved to permit replication of studies and comparison of results between studies in dental digital radiography. Our recommendations can improve the quality of studies on diagnostic accuracy.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}484{"query": "Question: Do survey of radiologist attitudes and perceptions regarding the incorporation of a departmental peer review system?\nAnswer: The incorporation of a nonanonymous peer review system generates anxiety and uncertainty within a radiology department. The investigation of physicians' attitudes toward and perceptions about peer review is important for understanding the potential impact not only on patient care but also on radiologists' relationships and psychology in the workplace.", "pos": "Question: Do workplace learning through peer groups in medical school clerkships?\nAnswer: Students achieve many aspects of workplace learning in clerkships through formal or informal workplace-based peer groups. In these groups, peers provide accessible, real-time, and relevant resources to help each other navigate transitions, clarify roles and tasks, manage interpersonal challenges, and decrease isolation. Medical schools can support effective workplace learning for medical students by incorporating continuity with peers in the main clinical clerkship year.", "neg": "Question: Is your professionalism my professionalism : congruence and variance in the views of medical students and faculty about professionalism?\nAnswer: These results raised concerns in relation to the students' understanding of professionalism. It is therefore, important to enhance their learning around the attributes of medical professionalism.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}485{"query": "Question: Does naringin ameliorate memory deficits in experimental paradigm of Alzheimer 's disease by attenuating mitochondrial dysfunction?\nAnswer: Our findings demonstrate that naringin ameliorates mitochondrial dysfunction mediated oxido-nitrosative stress and inflammatory surge in ICV-STZ rats.", "pos": "Question: Does rutin protect against cognitive deficits and brain damage in rats with chronic cerebral hypoperfusion?\nAnswer: Our results provide new insights into the pharmacological actions of rutin and suggest that rutin has multi-targeted therapeutical potential on cognitive deficits associated with conditions with chronic cerebral hypoperfusion such as vascular dementia and Alzheimer's disease.", "neg": "Question: Does valproic acid-mediated inhibition of trimethyltin-induced deficits in memory and learning in the rat directly depend on its anti-oxidant properties?\nAnswer: The results of present study showed that VPA attenuates TMT-induced memory deficits. Protective effects against brain tissues oxidative damage might have a role in the beneficial effects of VPA.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}486{"query": "Question: Does tanshinone IIA attenuate neuropathic pain via inhibiting glial activation and immune response?\nAnswer: Taken together, our study provides evidence that TIIA inhibited SNL-induced neuropathic pain through depressing microglial activation and immune response by the inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) pathways. Our findings suggest that TIIA might be a promising agent in the treatment of neuropathic pain.", "pos": "Question: Does 2-cyclohexylamino-5,8-dimethoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone inhibit LPS-induced BV2 microglial activation through MAPK/NF-kB signaling pathways?\nAnswer: Our findings demonstrate that our newly synthesized compound derived from DMNQ, 2-cyclohexylamino-5,8-dimethoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (R6), might be a therapeutic agent for the treatment of glia-mediated neuroinflammatory diseases.", "neg": "Question: Does long-Term Pain Reduction Imply Improved Functional Outcome in Patients Treated With Combined Supraorbital and Occipital Nerve Stimulation for Chronic Migraine?\nAnswer: There is a paucity of studies in quality of life, productivity, and psychosocial aspects with peripheral nerve stimulation therapy for headache. Patients with a positive response to SONS and ONS also reported overall improvement in their functional status as reflected by MIDAS and BDI in the perioperative period. Unfortunately, this effect waned over the long-term follow-up.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}487{"query": "Question: Are microcirculatory perfusion and vascular reactivity altered in post cardiac arrest patients , irrespective of target temperature management to 33 °C vs 36 °C?\nAnswer: In this relatively small sample size study microcirculatory blood flow and vascular reactivity did not differ nor change between TTM33 and TTM36.", "pos": "Question: Does upright posture improve affect and fatigue in people with depressive symptoms?\nAnswer: The experiment was only brief and a non-clinical sample was used.", "neg": "Question: Does carotid Elongation Affect Angiographic Results of Mechanical Thrombectomy in Acute Stroke?\nAnswer: In this retrospective analysis we report that carotid elongation does not affect angiographic results of mechanical thrombectomy in acute stroke.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}488{"query": "Question: Does gRIN2B mediate susceptibility to intelligence quotient and cognitive impairments in developmental dyslexia?\nAnswer: Our results add further evidence in support of GRIN2B contributing toward DD and deficits in DD. More specifically, our data support the view that GRIN2B influences DD as a categorical trait and its related quantitative phenotypes, thus shedding further light on the etiologic basis and the phenotypic complexity of this disorder.", "pos": "Question: Are copy-number variations enriched for neurodevelopmental genes in children with developmental coordination disorder?\nAnswer: These findings suggest that there may be shared susceptibility genes for DCD and other neurodevelopmental disorders and highlight the need for thorough phenotyping when investigating the genetics of neurodevelopmental disorders. Furthermore, these data provide compelling evidence supporting a genetic basis for DCD, and further implicate rare CNVs in the aetiology of neurodevelopmental disorders.", "neg": "Question: Is polymorphism in apoA1 Influences High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels but a Major Risk Factor of Alzheimer 's Disease?\nAnswer: Our data support the observation that apoA1 polymorphism influences cholesterol metabolism and Aβ42 deposition in the brain.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}489{"query": "Question: Are arterial stiffness and central arterial wave reflection associated with serum uric acid , total bilirubin , and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in patients with coronary artery disease?\nAnswer: N/L ratio and serum UA and TB levels might be used to risk-stratify patients with respect to arterial stiffness in CAD patients, especially in the presence of ACS.", "pos": "Question: Is high serum uric acid associated to poorly controlled blood pressure and higher arterial stiffness in hypertensive subjects?\nAnswer: Based on our data, SUA seems to be associated with an inadequate BP control in subjects treated with antihypertensive drugs, and subjects with both uncontrolled BP and relatively high SUA levels have also an increased arterial stiffness that (per se) could be a cause of worse BP control under treatment.", "neg": "Question: Do traditional clinical risk assessment tools accurately predict coronary atherosclerotic plaque burden : a CT angiography study?\nAnswer: Coronary risk stratification using a risk factor only-based scheme is a weak discriminator of the overall atherosclerotic plaque burden in individual patients. Patients with little or no plaque might be subjected to lifelong drug therapy, whereas many others with substantial plaque might be undertreated or not treated at all.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}490{"query": "Question: Is minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting associated with improved clinical outcomes?\nAnswer: Minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting is safe, and early clinical outcomes are comparable, if not superior in some respects, to OPCAB. Extubation in the OR is feasible, well tolerated, and associated with earlier discharge. Shorter hospital stays may decrease resource use and promote earlier return to activities; however, further research is needed.", "pos": "Question: Is biliary-enteric reconstruction with hepaticoduodenostomy following laparoscopic excision of choledochal cyst associated with better postoperative outcomes : a single-centre experience?\nAnswer: Laparoscopic excision of choledochal cyst with hepaticoduodenostomy reconstruction is safe and feasible with shorter operative time, ICU stay and overall hospital stay. It is not inferior to HJ in terms of short-term postoperative outcomes.", "neg": "Question: Is cardiac catheterization within 1 to 3 days of proximal aortic surgery associated with increased postoperative acute kidney injury?\nAnswer: Cardiac catheterization within 1 to 3 days of elective proximal aortic surgery appears safe and should be considered acceptable practice for patients at low risk of acute kidney injury.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}491{"query": "Question: Is antiproliferative effect induced by novel imidazoline S43126 in PC12 cells mediated by ROS , stress activated MAPKs and caspases?\nAnswer: Our data showed that the effects of S43126 on PC12 cell death were partly mediated by ROS production, MAPK and caspase activation. These results further indicate an emerging role for I1R in apoptotic processes.", "pos": "Question: Does pINK1 trigger autocatalytic activation of Parkin to specify cell fate decisions?\nAnswer: Autocatalytic activation of Parkin bolsters its accumulation on mitochondria and apoptotic response to valinomycin. Our results suggest that PINK1-Parkin constitutes a damage-gated molecular switch that governs cellular-context-specific cell fate decisions in response to variable stress stimuli.", "neg": "Question: Do dihydrotestosterone and bicalutamide affect periostin expression in androgen-dependent LNCaP prostate cancer cell lines?\nAnswer: We confirmed the role of POSTN in promoting cancer cell growth. Although POSTN transcription is not likely to be androgen-dependent, the fact that increased cell proliferation POSTN-mediated was impaired by BIC suggests an androgen modulation of POSTN interaction proteins.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}492{"query": "Question: Does chronic administration of phenytoin induce efflux transporter overexpression in rats?\nAnswer: Overexpression of efflux transporters can be mediated by inducer agents like PHT in a local-concentration dependent manner, and it is reversible once the substance is removed from the body. The recovery of basal Pgp expression could allow the design of dosing schedules that optimize anticonvulsant therapy.", "pos": "Question: Are drug transporters altered in brain , liver and kidney of rats with chronic epilepsy induced by lithium-pilocarpine?\nAnswer: Organic anion transporting polypeptide 2 and P-gp colocalized in tissues that are important in drug absorption, metabolism and excretion. Seizures seem to induce the cerebral changes of P-gp and Oatp2. However, the changes of expression of two transporters exhibit the opposite trend. Organic anion transporting polypeptide 2 might play a different role than P-gp in intractable epilepsy. Our data provide a basis for the assessment of the role of uptake transporters and efflux pumps in the development of intractable epilepsy.", "neg": "Question: Does glutamate transporter localization correspond to the temporary functional recovery and late degeneration after acute ocular ischemia in rats?\nAnswer: While retinal glutamate transport is compromised during an acute ischemic insult, consequent retinal recovery and degeneration are not due to a change in the excitatory amino acid transporter localization or D-aspartate (glutamate analogue) uptake. Rat retina and optic nerve are capable of spontaneous, but temporary, functional recovery after an acute ischemic insult.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}493{"query": "Question: Is negative feedback loop of cholesterol regulation impaired in the livers of patients with Alagille syndrome?\nAnswer: The major upregulators of liver cholesterol might be increased in AGS patients, indicating an impaired negative feedback mechanism and accelerated liver cholesterol accumulation.", "pos": "Question: Is vascular deposition of complement C4d increased in liver allografts with chronic rejection?\nAnswer: The complement system and anti-donor antibodies may contribute to the process of chronic allograft rejection in the liver.", "neg": "Question: Is polymorphism in apoA1 Influences High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels but a Major Risk Factor of Alzheimer 's Disease?\nAnswer: Our data support the observation that apoA1 polymorphism influences cholesterol metabolism and Aβ42 deposition in the brain.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}494{"query": "Question: Is sULF2 , a heparan sulfate endosulfatase , present in the blood of healthy individuals and increases in cirrhosis?\nAnswer: SULF2 may be a useful serologic biomarker for liver cirrhosis.", "pos": "Question: Is saikosaponin b2 a naturally occurring terpenoid that efficiently inhibits hepatitis C virus entry?\nAnswer: Due to its potency, SSb2 may be of value for development as an antagonist of HCV entry and could be explored as prophylactic treatment during the course of liver transplantation.", "neg": "Question: Is malnutrition related to alterations in energy balance in patients with stable liver cirrhosis?\nAnswer: Cirrhotic patients in stable clinical condition with malnutrition show a normal energy balance.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}495{"query": "Question: Does global cortical thinning in acute anorexia nervosa normalize following long-term weight restoration?\nAnswer: Structural brain anomalies in AN as expressed in CT and subcortical volume are primarily the consequence of malnutrition and unlikely to reflect premorbid trait markers or permanent scars, but longitudinal data are needed.", "pos": "Question: Are hair Cortisol Concentrations in Adolescent Girls with Anorexia Nervosa Lower Compared to Healthy and Psychiatric Controls?\nAnswer: We find lower HCC in AN, compared to HC and PC, respectively. Based on the relationship between HCC and BMI-SDS across AN, HC and PC, we argue that HCC might not capture endocrine alterations because of AN pathology-related processes but rather shows consistent relationships with BMI, which extent even to the very low range of BMI values, as present in AN patients. Alternatively, incorporation of cortisol into the hair follicle might have been compromised because of trophic hair follicle disturbances that had been reported in AN patients, previously. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.", "neg": "Question: Does reversal of early diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities necessarily reflect tissue salvage in experimental cerebral ischemia?\nAnswer: After brief ischemic periods, normalization of the DWI does not necessarily imply that the tissue is normal. Neurons already exhibit evidence of structural damage and stress. Normal GFAP staining suggests that other nonneuronal cell populations may partially compensate for altered fluid balances at the time of DWI reversal despite the presence of neuronal injury. These observations suggest that caution is warranted when relying solely on DWI for assessment of ischemic damage.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}496{"query": "Question: Are symptoms in severe aortic stenosis associated with decreased compensatory circumferential myocardial mechanics?\nAnswer: Longitudinal strain was uniformly low in patients with severe AS and lower in those with symptoms. Compensatory circumferential myocardial mechanics (increased apical circumferential strain and rotation) were absent in symptomatic patients. Thus, myocardial mechanics may help in the follow-up of patients with severe AS and timing of valve surgery.", "pos": "Question: Does minimally invasive aortic valve replacement reduce atelectasis in cardiac intensive care?\nAnswer: Patients who had mini AVR had a significantly lower incidence of LLLA in the cardiac ICU than patients who had AVR through a full sternotomy.", "neg": "Question: Does indexed effective orifice area after mechanical aortic valve replacement affect left ventricular mass regression in elderly?\nAnswer: The major finding of our study is that patient-prosthesis mismatch does not affect left ventricular mass regression in patients older than 65 with pure aortic stenosis who underwent mechanical aortic valve replacement. In older patients with low cardiac output requirements, even a small change in the valve effective orifice area after aortic valve replacement with modern efficient mechanical prosthesis, will result in a marked reduction of pressure gradient and this will be associated with a significant regression of left ventricular mass.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}497{"query": "Question: Does negative affectivity predict decreased pain tolerance during low-grade inflammation in healthy women?\nAnswer: NA moderated the effects of inflammation on pain tolerance. This finding is consistent with a synergistic model whereby inflammation may lower the threshold for pain reporting in individuals with increased vulnerability for somatic symptom reporting.", "pos": "Question: Are multiple active myofascial trigger points and pressure pain sensitivity maps in the temporalis muscle related in women with chronic tension type headache?\nAnswer: Multiple active TrPs in the temporalis muscle were found, particularly in the anterior column and in the middle of the muscle belly. Bilateral posterior to anterior decreased distribution of PPTs in the temporalis muscle in women with CTTH was found. The locations of active TrPs in the temporalis muscle corresponded well to the muscle areas with lower PPT, supporting the relationship between multiple active muscle TrPs and topographical pressure sensitivity maps in the temporalis muscle in women with CTTH.", "neg": "Question: 's it what you think , it 's how you relate to it : dispositional mindfulness moderates the relationship between psychological distress and the cortisol awakening response?\nAnswer: These findings are consistent with the idea that the tendency to describe and accept experiences may buffer the impact of psychological distress on physiological arousal. These metacognitive processes may be important moderators in unraveling the complex relationship between psychological distress and physiological stress reactivity. Further research is recommended to replicate this approach in other populations.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}498{"query": "Question: Does regulator of the mucoid phenotype A gene increase the virulent ability of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing serotype non-K1/K2 Klebsiella pneumonia?\nAnswer: We conclude that the pathogenic potential is greater in rmpA(+) ESBL-KP strains than in rmpA(-) ESBL-KP and non-ESBL-KP strains.", "pos": "Question: Does association Between Presence of Virulence Genes and Antibiotic Resistance in Clinical Klebsiella Pneumoniae isolate?\nAnswer: Our results showed a correlation between presence of virulence gene and antibiotic resistance in K. pneumoniae.", "neg": "Question: Is pFAPA syndrome a sporadic disease?\nAnswer: These data show that a significant percentage of PFAPA patients present a positive FH of recurrent fever and PFAPA. This familial susceptibility suggests a potential genetic origin for this syndrome.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}499{"query": "Question: Does chronic psychological stress in high-anxiety rats induce sustained bladder hyperalgesia?\nAnswer: Chronic WAS induces sustained bladder hyperalgesia, lasting over a month after exposure to stress. The urinary frequency demonstrated previously in anxiety-prone rats exposed to chronic WAS seems to be associated with bladder hyperalgesia, suggesting that this is a potential model for future studies of bladder hypersensitivity syndromes such as interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome (IC/PBS).", "pos": "Question: Does inhibition of peripheral FAAH depress activities of bladder mechanosensitive nerve fibers of the rat?\nAnswer: To our knowledge we report for the first time that inhibiting peripheral FAAH depresses the Aδ and C-fiber activity of primary bladder afferents via CB1 and CB2 receptors. CB antagonists alone exerted facilitatory effects on single unit afferent activity during bladder filling in rats. The endocannabinoid system may be involved in physiological control of micturition as regulators of afferent signals.", "neg": "Question: Does adolescent social isolation lead to persistent increases in anxiety- like behavior or ethanol intake in female long-evans rats?\nAnswer: The SI/GH model, which results in robust and enduring increases in anxiety measures and EtOH self-administration in male Long Evans rats, did not result in similar behavioral changes in female rats. These data, and that of others, suggest that adolescent social isolation is not a useful model with which to study neurobiological substrates linking antecedent anxiety and addiction vulnerability in female rats. Given the compelling epidemiological evidence that the relationship between chronic adolescent stress and alcohol addiction is particularly strong in women, there is clearly an urgent need to identify a more effective model with which to study these clinically important relationships in female rodents.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}500{"query": "Question: Does experimental sleep restriction cause endothelial dysfunction in healthy humans?\nAnswer: In healthy individuals, moderate sleep restriction causes endothelial dysfunction.", "pos": "Question: Is high self-perceived exercise exertion before bedtime associated with greater objectively assessed sleep efficiency?\nAnswer: Against expectations and general recommendations for sleep hygiene, high self-perceived exercise exertion before bedtime was associated with better sleep patterns in a sample of healthy young adults. Further studies should also focus on elderly adults and adults suffering from insomnia.", "neg": "Question: Does sleep loss aggravate the deteriorating effect of hypoglycemia on neurocognitive function in healthy men?\nAnswer: One night of total SD deteriorates neurocognitive function as reflected by indicators of attentive stimulus processing, but does not synergistically aggravate the impairing influence of acute hypoglycemia. The findings are not consistent with the view that neurocognitive deteriorations after SD result from challenged cerebral glucose metabolism.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}501{"query": "Question: Are chronic pancreatitis pain pattern and severity independent of abdominal imaging findings?\nAnswer: Mechanisms that determine patterns and severity of pain in patients with chronic pancreatitis are largely independent of structural variants observed by abdominal imaging techniques. Pancreas-relevant quantitative and qualitative pain measures should be included in the evaluation of patients with chronic pancreatitis to assess pain severity independently of imaging findings.", "pos": "Question: Does diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging indicate the severity of acute pancreatitis?\nAnswer: DW-MRI was a compatible and safe image option to differentiate tissue image patterns in patients with mAP, nAP, and nP, mainly in those with contraindications to contrast-enhanced MRI (which is classically required for determining the presence of necrosis) or computed tomography. ADC measures allowed precise differentiation between patterns 1, 2, and 3.", "neg": "Question: Do prostate biopsy culture findings of men with chronic pelvic pain syndrome differ from those of healthy controls?\nAnswer: Bacteria cultured from transperineal prostatic biopsies do not differ between men with and without chronic pelvic pain syndrome. Prostatic bacteria obtained by biopsy are probably not etiologically related to the symptoms in the majority of men with chronic pelvic pain syndrome.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}502{"query": "Question: Is postural change during venous blood collection a major source of bias in clinical chemistry testing?\nAnswer: These results provide further support to the need of standardizing patient's posture during phlebotomy.", "pos": "Question: Does leukocyte concentration and composition in platelet-rich plasma ( PRP ) influence the growth factor and protease concentrations?\nAnswer: These findings demonstrate that leukocytes strongly influence the quality of PRPs. Therefore, modifying the PRP preparation method according to the pathology is essential to achieve better clinical results with PRP therapy.", "neg": "Question: Does pre-Operative Autologous Blood Donation Affect Pre-Incision Hematocrit in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Patients . A Retrospective Cohort of a Prospective Randomized Trial?\nAnswer: This study supports the use of pre-donation for AIS, without a significant drop in pre-incision Hct. Patients that donate are also much less likely to be exposed to allogenic blood. There may be a surgeon bias to recommend pre-donation in patients with a larger BMI and older age. Future studies are needed from a larger population of patients including those with non-AIS pathology.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}503{"query": "Question: Are novel mutations in the displacement loop of mitochondrial DNA associated with acute lymphoblastic leukemia : a genetic sequencing study?\nAnswer: Further investigation of the relationship between mutations in mitochondrial d-loop genes and incidence of acute lymphoblastic leukemia is recommended.", "pos": "Question: Does combined analysis with copy number variation identify risk loci in lung cancer?\nAnswer: Our results further emphasized the importance of copy number variations in cancer and might be a valuable complement to current genome-wide association studies on cancer.", "neg": "Question: Is variation in the DCP1 gene , encoding the angiotensin converting enzyme ACE , associated with increased susceptibility to Alzheimer 's disease?\nAnswer: Further research is needed to elucidate any role that the DCP1 polymorphism may play in relation to Alzheimer's disease. Previous studies may be false positive, or inconsistency in replication may be due to heterogeneity.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}504{"query": "Question: Does anthraquinonyl glycoside facilitate the standardization of graphene electrodes for the impedance detection of lectins?\nAnswer: Anthraquinone-modified ligands could be used to facilitate the standardization of electrochemical impedance sensors for the reproducible, selective analysis of ligand-protein interactions.", "pos": "Question: Does chemical glycosylation of cytochrome c improve physical and chemical protein stability?\nAnswer: The results demonstrate that chemical glycosylation is a potentially valuable method to increase Cyt c stability during formulation and storage and potentially during its application after administration.", "neg": "Question: Do surface EMG electrodes accurately record from lumbar multifidus muscles?\nAnswer: Accurate measurement of multifidus muscle activity requires intra-muscular electrodes.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}505{"query": "Question: Is perfusion CT a valuable diagnostic method for prostate cancer : a prospective study of 94 patients?\nAnswer: CT quantitative perfusion imaging allows PCa to be distinguished from normal prostate tissue. The highest values for BF and BV were observed in the most aggressive PCa grade.", "pos": "Question: Does presence of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Suspicious Lesion predict Gleason 7 or Greater Prostate Cancer in Biopsy-Naive Patients?\nAnswer: Prostate MRI should be considered prior to biopsy in all patients presenting with clinical suspicion for PCa, as presence of a MSR will help guide prebiopsy counseling and provide an opportunity for MRI targeting during biopsy.", "neg": "Question: Is prediction of tumour volume and pathological stage in radical prostatectomy specimens improved by taking more prostate needle-biopsy cores?\nAnswer: While taking more prostate needle biopsy cores seems to improve the detection of prostate cancer, there appears to be no major improvement in prognostic information over that gained from traditional sextant biopsies. Furthermore, the results suggest that the percentage of positive cores is the best predictor of both pathological stage and tumour volume, from among the information readily available from prostate needle biopsy. Given the variability in the number of cores obtained for diagnosis in clinical practice, these results add credence to the use of the percentage of positive cores in the biopsy set, with known predictors such as PSA and Gleason score, into future models that attempt to predict tumour biology.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}506{"query": "Question: Does peritumoral interstitial fluid flow velocity predict survival in cervical carcinoma?\nAnswer: This investigation demonstrates a strong, independent prognostic impact of the pretreatment peritumoral fluid flow velocity in cervical cancer.", "pos": "Question: Does positive expression of miR-361-5p indicate better prognosis for breast cancer patients?\nAnswer: These results indicated that miR-361-5p expression is an independent predictive factor for better prognosis in BC.", "neg": "Question: Does persistent N2 disease after induction therapy jeopardize early and medium term outcomes of pneumonectomy?\nAnswer: Our results suggest that pneumonectomy is justified in patients with persistent N2 disease after induction chemotherapy.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}507{"query": "Question: Do workplace learning through peer groups in medical school clerkships?\nAnswer: Students achieve many aspects of workplace learning in clerkships through formal or informal workplace-based peer groups. In these groups, peers provide accessible, real-time, and relevant resources to help each other navigate transitions, clarify roles and tasks, manage interpersonal challenges, and decrease isolation. Medical schools can support effective workplace learning for medical students by incorporating continuity with peers in the main clinical clerkship year.", "pos": "Question: Does students ' Interest in Surgery affect Laparoscopic Practicing Performance?\nAnswer: Those clerks and interns interested in surgery who had more sessions for self-guided practice, displayed more improvement than those not interested in surgery did. Improvement in performance correlated highly with trainees' number of self-guided practice sessions.", "neg": "Question: Do residents ' practices and perceptions about resuscitate orders and pronouncing death : an opportunity for clinical training?\nAnswer: Although most residents discuss DNR status with patients and families, only a quarter are observed in such discussions by attending physicians and only a third feel comfortable with this aspect of clinical care. Developing a structured residency program curriculum to address resident skills in end-of-life care would benefit residency training.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}508{"query": "Question: Does [ Prevalence of anxiety disturb in patients with Tourette syndrome and tic disturb ]?\nAnswer: Anxiety disorders seem to be linked with the variables of patients'age, duration of disease, gender, pharmacological treatment and presence of comorbidity for obsessive-compulsion disorder (OCD).", "pos": "Question: Is irritable bowel syndrome strongly associated with generalized anxiety disorder : a community study?\nAnswer: Irritable Bowel Syndrome and GAD comorbidity was common and added to impairment in the community. The strong association between psychiatric morbidity and IBS observed in referral centres was not a consequence of increased help-seeking behaviour.", "neg": "Question: Do pain and disability influence psychological and social factors at work among sick-listed patients with neck and back pain?\nAnswer: Sick-listed patients with neck and back pain who had concurrent anxiety or depression reported increased psychological and social challenges at work. To provide suitable treatment in the clinical setting, further attention should be paid to the interaction between anxiety or depression and perceived job strain.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}509{"query": "Question: Do native and denatured egg white protein IgE tests discriminate hen 's egg allergic from egg-tolerant children?\nAnswer: The diagnosis of egg allergy can be significantly improved using a panel of IgE tests to egg proteins in the native or denatured form. The accuracy can be improved using combined IgE testing.", "pos": "Question: Do allergens of Epicoccum nigrum grown in different media for quality source material?\nAnswer: The day-13 culture of EN in SBY was the most potent and may be selected for preparing EN extracts for diagnosis of allergy and future studies.", "neg": "Question: Is eosinophilia in the upper gastrointestinal tract a characteristic feature in cow 's milk sensitive gastro-oesophageal reflux disease . Measurement by two methodologies?\nAnswer: CMH was found not only in infants but also in school age children with GERD. Histology did not identify the cow's milk sensitive GERD subgroup. The computerised histological method provides a more complete evaluation based upon total biopsy area, and helped to limit the bias of uneven biopsy size.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}510{"query": "Question: Is delay of airway epithelial wound repair in COPD associated with airflow obstruction severity?\nAnswer: Our results showed an abnormal bronchial epithelial wound closure process in severe COPD. Further studies are needed to elucidate the contribution and the regulation of this mechanism in the complex pathophysiology of COPD.", "pos": "Question: Are residual perfusion defects in patients with pulmonary embolism related to impaired fibrinolytic capacity?\nAnswer: Prolonged time-to-diagnosis and fibrinolysis imbalance are independent predictors of incomplete perfusion recovery after acute PE.", "neg": "Question: Is persistent airway obstruction after virus infection associated with airway inflammation?\nAnswer: Persistent airway obstruction and uncontrolled asthma are observed in some people after viral asthma exacerbations. These abnormalities are not associated with inflammatory cell influx into the airway lining fluid during the exacerbation and may reflect the involvement of noncellular elements. Further work should explore other mechanisms leading to incomplete airway recovery.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}511{"query": "Question: Do aversive stimuli drive drug seeking in a state of low dopamine tone?\nAnswer: These data demonstrate that stress-induced drug seeking can occur in a terminal environment of low dopamine tone that is dependent on a CRF-induced decrease in midbrain dopamine activity.", "pos": "Question: Is impaired subjective well-being in schizophrenia associated with reduced anterior cingulate activity during reward processing?\nAnswer: In patients with schizophrenia, reduced activation of the dACC during multiple aspects of reward processing is associated with lower SW. As the dACC has been widely linked to coupling of reward and action, and the link to SW is apparent over anticipation and outcome, these findings suggest that SW deficits in schizophrenia may be attributable to reduced integration of environmental rewarding cues, motivated behaviour and reward outcome.", "neg": "Question: Do plain cigarette packs exert Pavlovian to instrumental transfer of control over tobacco-seeking?\nAnswer: Plain packaging may reduce smoking in current smokers by degrading cue-elicited tobacco-seeking.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}512{"query": "Question: Do zero adjusted models with applications to analysing helminths count data?\nAnswer: This paper showed that zero modified NBLH and ZINB models are more appropriate methods for the analysis of data with excess zeros. The choice between the hurdle and zero-inflated models should be based on the aim and endpoints of the study.", "pos": "Question: Does automated quantification with BRASS reduce equivocal reporting of DaTSCAN ( 123I-FP-CIT ) SPECT studies?\nAnswer: Automated quantification of DaTSCAN studies with BRASS and the use of numerical limits can decrease the number of equivocal reports without affecting report accuracy.", "neg": "Question: Is a small p-value from an observed data evidence of adequate power for future similar-sized studies : a cautionary note?\nAnswer: Our results show that the number of zeros after the decimal point in a p-value from an observed sample cannot and should not be used to gauge the adequacy of sample size for a future study that is expected to have sufficient power to detect an effect as big as the observed.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}513{"query": "Question: Does an aboveground pathogen inhibit belowground rhizobia and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in Phaseolus vulgaris?\nAnswer: We demonstrate that aboveground fungal pathogens can affect belowground mutualism with two very different types of microbial symbionts-rhizobia and AMF. Our results suggest that systemically induced PPO activity is functionally involved in this above-belowground interaction. We predict that the top-down effects we show here can drastically impact plant performance in soils with limited nutrients and water; abiotic stress conditions usually mitigated by microbial belowground mutualists.", "pos": "Question: Does the presence of a below-ground neighbour alter within-plant seed size distribution in Phaseolus vulgaris?\nAnswer: Below-ground neighbour presence affects within-plant seed size distribution in P. vulgaris. This effect appears to be non-resource-mediated, i.e. to be independent of neighbour-induced effects on resource availability. It implies that, based on current environmental cues, plants can make an anticipatory adjustment of their investment strategy in offspring as an adaptation to the local environment in the future.", "neg": "Question: Does an invasive Mimosa in India adopt the symbionts of its native relatives?\nAnswer: The native Mimosa spp. in India are not nodulated by the Burkholderia symbionts of their South American relatives, but by a unique group of alpha-rhizobial microsymbionts that are closely related to the 'local' Old World Ensifer symbionts of other mimosoid legumes in north-west India. They appear not to share symbionts with the invasive M. pudica, symbionts of which are mostly beta-rhizobial.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}514{"query": "Question: Does gender influence headache characteristics with increasing age in migraine patients?\nAnswer: Gender has an influence on the characteristics of the headache as well as on the associated symptoms in migraine patients, and this impact varies across the age groups, particularly in women.", "pos": "Question: Do associations of Heart Rate With Inflammatory Markers Are Modulated by Gender and Obesity in Older Adults?\nAnswer: Faster HR is associated with proinflammatory state in elderly patients; this association seems to be limited to women with higher BMI.", "neg": "Question: Does gender affect the degree of induction of tirilazad clearance by phenobarbital?\nAnswer: The results show that phenobarbital induces metabolism of tirilazad and U-89678 similarly in both men and women. Lower levels of tirilazad and U-89678 in SAH patients receiving phenobarbital may adversely impact clinical response.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}515{"query": "Question: Are stress and inflammatory biomarkers and symptoms associated with bioimpedance measures?\nAnswer: MUS is an index of chronic stress and inflammation and BIA-ACC may provide a useful, bloodless and rapid tool in the clinical setting, distinguishing patients with chronic stress/inflammation from healthy subjects and monitoring their response to treatment.", "pos": "Question: Do gene polymorphisms of stress hormone and cytokine receptors associate with immunomodulatory profile and psychological measurement?\nAnswer: The data support the notion that gene polymorphisms from various components of the psychoneuroendocrine-immune network may be useful as biomarkers to categorize individual stress-associated immune responses.", "neg": "Question: Does sense of coherence moderate the relationship between the perceived impact of stress on health and self-rated health in adults with congenital heart disease?\nAnswer: Our findings support the need for further research on the perceived impact of stress on health. Such insights can be valuable for developing interventions aimed at reducing the negative health consequences of stress in patients with congenital heart disease.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}516{"query": "Question: Does piericidin A aggravate Tau pathology in P301S transgenic mice?\nAnswer: This study shows that exposure to piericidin A aggravates the course of genetically determined tau pathology, providing experimental support for the concept of gene-environment interaction in the etiology of tauopathies.", "pos": "Question: Does allergic Lung Inflammation aggravate Angiotensin II-Induced Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms in Mice?\nAnswer: This study suggests a pathological link between airway allergic disease and AAA. Production of one disease aggravates the progression of the other.", "neg": "Question: Does aberrant interleukin-1 signalling increase susceptibility of mice to NOD2-dependent uveitis?\nAnswer: Our findings highlight the complexity of NOD2 activation and IL-1 signalling effects that can be compounded by local environmental factors of the target organ. These observations may impact how we understand the molecular mechanisms by which NOD2 influences inflammation of the eye versus joint, and consequently, treatment options for uveitis versus arthritis.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}517{"query": "Question: Are cognitive-behavioral phenotypes of Williams syndrome associated with genetic variation in the GTF2I gene , in a healthy population?\nAnswer: These findings implicate the GTF2I gene in the neurogenetic basis of social communication and social anxiety, both in Williams syndrome and among individuals in healthy populations.", "pos": "Question: Do gene polymorphisms of stress hormone and cytokine receptors associate with immunomodulatory profile and psychological measurement?\nAnswer: The data support the notion that gene polymorphisms from various components of the psychoneuroendocrine-immune network may be useful as biomarkers to categorize individual stress-associated immune responses.", "neg": "Question: Is pFAPA syndrome a sporadic disease?\nAnswer: These data show that a significant percentage of PFAPA patients present a positive FH of recurrent fever and PFAPA. This familial susceptibility suggests a potential genetic origin for this syndrome.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}518{"query": "Question: Are long-term changes in body weight associated with changes in blood pressure levels?\nAnswer: Absolute and relative changes in body weight are positively associated with changes in blood pressure levels and also affect the risk of cardiovascular events.", "pos": "Question: Is environmental lead exposure associated with visit-to-visit systolic blood pressure variability in the US adults?\nAnswer: This study documents a positive linear relationship between environmental lead exposure and systolic blood pressure variability. Screening adults with fluctuating blood pressure for lead exposure could be warranted.", "neg": "Question: Do impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance predict hypertension : a community cohort study?\nAnswer: While metabolic syndrome components related to insulin resistance present at baseline are important risk factors of hypertension, we conclude that coexisting metabolic component, mainly abdominal obesity, rather than IFG and IGT have more predictive value for determining the development of hypertension in a Korean population.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}519{"query": "Question: Does vascular reconstruction play an important role in the treatment of pancreatic adenocarcinoma?\nAnswer: An aggressive approach for stage II pancreatic cancers with venous or arterial invasion can be performed with comparable results when it is executed by an experienced institution with skilled oncologic and vascular surgeons.", "pos": "Question: Does aggressive Aortic Arch and Carotid Replacement Strategy for Type A Aortic Dissection improve Neurologic Outcomes?\nAnswer: An algorithmic approach to TAAD including (1) rapid transport-to-incision-to-cardiopulmonary bypass established centrally, (2) neurocerebral monitoring, (3) liberal use of total arch replacement for clearly defined indications (and hemiarch for all others), and (4) common carotid arterial replacement for concomitant carotid dissections significantly improves outcomes.", "neg": "Question: Does minimally Invasive Pancreaticoduodenectomy Improve Use or Time to Initiation of Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Patients With Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma?\nAnswer: At a national level, MI-PD does not result in greater use or earlier initiation of adjuvant chemotherapy. As surgeons and institutions continue to gain experience with this complex procedure, it will be important to revisit this benchmark as a justification for its increasing use for patients with pancreatic cancer.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}520{"query": "Question: Is matrix metalloproteinase 10 associated with disease severity and mortality in patients with peripheral arterial disease?\nAnswer: Our results suggest that MMP-10 is associated with severity and poor outcome in PAD.", "pos": "Question: Does plasma TF activity predict cardiovascular mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction?\nAnswer: Systemic TF activity in AMI has an unfavorable prognostic value and as a marker for dysregulated coagulation may add to predict the atherothrombotic risk.", "neg": "Question: Does medial degeneration involve uniformly the whole ascending aorta : morphological , biochemical and clinical correlations?\nAnswer: MD lesions in dilated intrapericardial aorta are more severe in the right postero-lateral wall area, likely due to haemodynamic stress asymmetry.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}521{"query": "Question: Does selective renal blood perfusion induce renal tubules injury in a porcine model?\nAnswer: SRP with a roller pump induces kidney tubule injury. Thus, distal aortic and SRP in our model does not provide adequate kidney protection. Furthermore, the perfusion system provokes red blood cell damage with increased free hemoglobin. Hence, the SRP perfusion technique should be revised and tested.", "pos": "Question: Does hIV Nef protein cause endothelial dysfunction in porcine pulmonary arteries and human pulmonary artery endothelial cells?\nAnswer: HIV Nef protein significantly decreases endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation in porcine pulmonary arteries. It also reduces eNOS expression and induces oxidative stress in both porcine pulmonary arteries and HPAECs. This study demonstrates a new mechanism of HIV Nef, which causes endothelial dysfunction and may contribute to the human pulmonary artery disease in HIV-infected patients.", "neg": "Question: Does remote ischemic preconditioning affect the incidence of acute kidney injury after elective abdominal aortic aneurysm repair?\nAnswer: RIPC did not reduce the risk of postoperative renal failure or myocardial injury in patients undergoing open AAA repair. The authors' results do not support the introduction of this technique to routine clinical practice.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}522{"query": "Question: Does inhibition of urothelial P2X3 receptors prevent desensitization of purinergic detrusor contractions in the rat bladder?\nAnswer: In the rat bladder, medial and basal urothelial cells express P2X3R, and specific inhibition of the receptor leads to a more hyporeflexive bladder condition. This pathway may involve P2X3R driving a paracrine amplification of ATP released from umbrella cells to increase afferent transmission in the sub-urothelial sensory plexus and desensitization of P2X1-mediated purinergic detrusor contractions.", "pos": "Question: Does selective pharmacological blockade of the TRPV1 receptor suppress sensory reflexes of the rodent bladder?\nAnswer: The TRPV1 antagonists JNJ17203212 and JYL1421 increased the threshold for activation of the micturition reflex in the anesthetized rat volume induced micturition reflex model. This effect appeared to be mediated by capsaicin sensitive afferents. JNJ17203212 also inhibited detrusor overactivity induced by intravesical capsaicin and intravesical citric acid. These data extend our understanding of the role of TRPV1 in sensory modulation of the micturition reflex under nonirritant and inflammatory conditions.", "neg": "Question: Does sevoflurane alter norepinephrine-induced intracellular Ca² ( + ) changes in the diabetic rat aorta?\nAnswer: Sevoflurane at clinically relevant concentrations inhibited the NE-induced increase in [Ca²(+)](i) in the aortic smooth muscle from normal rats but not in that from type 2 DM rats. Thus, a Ca²(+)- signalling pathway resistant to sevoflurane appears to exist in the type 2 DM rat aorta.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}523{"query": "Question: Does high lifetime inbreeding depression counteract the reproductive assurance benefit of selfing in a mass-flowering shrub?\nAnswer: Lifetime inbreeding depression strongly counteracts the advantage of reproductive assurance due to selfing in this long-lived species. The poor fitness of selfed offspring should counteract any evolution towards selfing, despite its potential to alleviate the negative consequences of pollen limitation. This study highlights the need to estimate lifetime inbreeding depression, together with mating system and pollination parameters, if we are to understand the actual benefit of selfing and avoid the overestimation of reproductive assurance.", "pos": "Question: Do gene expression and genetic analysis reveal diverse causes of recessive self-compatibility in Brassica napus L?\nAnswer: The recessive SC in eight accessions is caused by the loss of function of BnSCR-7 and BnSCR-6 in pollen. Translational repression contributes to the recessive SC in three accessions, whose SRK and SCR genes were expressed normally and had identical CDSs to BrS-29 or BoS-15. SI in 11 F1 hybrids relies on the expression of BnSCR-1300 rather than SRK genes. Other factor(s) independent of the S locus are involved in recessive SC. Therefore, diverse causes underlie recessive SC in B. napus, yielding insight into these complex mechanisms.", "neg": "Question: Do monogamy and high relatedness preferentially favor the evolution of cooperation?\nAnswer: The solitary ancestral species to cooperative breeders may have been predominantly monogamous, but it cannot be concluded that monogamy is a predisposing state for the evolution of helping behavior. Monogamy may simply be coincidental to other more important life history characteristics such as nest defense or sequential provisioning of offspring. The differing predictive outcome from a gene-based model also supports arguments that inclusive fitness formulations poorly model some evolutionary questions. Nevertheless, cooperation only evolves when benefits are provided for kin: helping alleles did not increase in frequency in the absence of potential gains in indirect fitness. The key question, therefore, is not whether kin selection occurs, but how best to elucidate the differing evolutionary advantages of genetic relatedness versus genetic diversity.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}524{"query": "Question: Are genes associated with antibody-dependent cell activation overexpressed in renal biopsies from patients with antibody-mediated rejection?\nAnswer: ADCC pathways are active in transplant patients with ABMR, and likely mediate allograft injury, providing a potential mechanism for C4d negative ABMR.", "pos": "Question: Is vascular deposition of complement C4d increased in liver allografts with chronic rejection?\nAnswer: The complement system and anti-donor antibodies may contribute to the process of chronic allograft rejection in the liver.", "neg": "Question: Does pediatric renal allograft transplantation normalize the increased cortisol/cortisone ratios of chronic renal failure?\nAnswer: In all children with chronic renal failure plasma and urinary cortisol/cortisone ratios are elevated and do not return to normal levels after renal allograft transplantation. This suggests that renal transplantation does not normalize 11beta-HSD2 activity.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}525{"query": "Question: Does measurement of refractive index by nanoparticle tracking analysis reveal heterogeneity in extracellular vesicles?\nAnswer: Using NTA and Mie scattering theory, we have demonstrated that it is possible to estimate the RI of sub-micron EV using NTA data. EV typically had a modal RI of 1.37-1.39, whereas values of >1.40 were observed for some large (>200 nm) microvesicles.", "pos": "Question: Does comparison of gene expression microarray data with count-based RNA measurements inform microarray interpretation?\nAnswer: Microarray measurements generally correlate with relative RNA molecule counts within optimal ranges but suffer from expression-dependent accuracy bias and precision that varies across datasets. We urge microarray users to consider expression-level effects in signal interpretation and to evaluate noise properties in each dataset independently.", "neg": "Question: Is immunization against a low-frequency human platelet alloantigen in fetal alloimmune thrombocytopenia a single event : characterization by the combined use of reference DNA and novel allele-specific cell lines expressing recombinant antigens?\nAnswer: This study demonstrates that cases of FNAIT attributed to low-frequency PLT alloantigens cannot be regarded as single events. The availability of reference DNA and cell lines expressing recombinant PLT alloantigens can facilitate their identification.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}526{"query": "Question: Do nomograms incorporating serum C-reactive protein effectively predict mortality before and after surgical treatment of renal cell carcinoma?\nAnswer: We have generated nomograms incorporating serum C-reactive protein levels that effectively predict overall mortality and renal cell carcinoma specific mortality. Our findings warrant external validation.", "pos": "Question: Is metastasectomy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma in the era of modern systemic treatment : C-reactive protein an independent predictor of overall survival?\nAnswer: Elevated C-reactive protein >5 mg/L was identified as an independent predictor of survival in a contemporary patient collective undergoing metastasectomy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Future analyses and risk stratification tools for patients undergoing metastasectomy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma should aim to evaluate and include C-reactive protein. To overcome low patient numbers, multi-institutional studies should be carried out.", "neg": "Question: Does volume of lymphatic metastases independently influence prognosis in colorectal cancer?\nAnswer: The number of nodes involved with metastatic tumor, rather the volume of metastatic involvement of the regional lymph nodes, predicts outcome. These results suggest that micrometastatic disease may have a similar prognosis as macrometastatic disease when the same number of lymph nodes are involved with metastatic tumor.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}527{"query": "Question: Do endogenous female sex hormones delay the development of renal dysfunction in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice?\nAnswer: Taken together these data indicate that female sex hormones may delay hypercholesterolemia-induced renal dysfunction and emphasizes the importance of plasma cholesterol control in post-menopausal women.", "pos": "Question: Does ginseng treatment reverse obesity and related disorders by inhibiting angiogenesis in female db/db mice?\nAnswer: These results suggest that ginseng may effectively treat female obesity and related disorders in part by inhibition of angiogenesis.", "neg": "Question: Does combined hormone replacement therapy protect women against the age-related decline in endothelium-dependent vasomotor function?\nAnswer: Long-term combined oral hormone replacement therapy is without beneficial effects on endothelial vasomotor function in healthy postmenopausal women. This supports the view that progesterone may attenuate the beneficial effects of unopposed estrogen replacement.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}528{"query": "Question: Is fractionation of electrograms caused by colocalized conduction block and connexin disorganization in the absence of fibrosis as AF becomes persistent in the goat model?\nAnswer: Electrogram fractionation with increasing persistence of AF results from slow localized conduction or block associated with changes in atrial connexin distribution in the absence of fibrotic change.", "pos": "Question: Is the mechanical fibrillation pattern of the atrial myocardium associated with acute and long-term success of electrical cardioversion in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation?\nAnswer: Higher atrial fibrillatory wall velocities and longer AFCLs determined by echocardiography are associated with acute and long-term success of ECV.", "neg": "Question: Is myocardial contractility constant during spontaneous atrial fibrillation in patients?\nAnswer: Myocardial contractility is constantly changing from beat to beat in atrial fibrillation because of the influence of the force-interval relationships.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}529{"query": "Question: Does severe nutritional risk predict decreased long-term survival in geriatric patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy for benign disease?\nAnswer: Severe nutritional risk can be a useful predictor of long-term survival in geriatric patients undergoing PD, and could improve patient risk stratification preoperatively. Nonoperative management should be strongly considered in geriatric patients with SNR, when malignancy is not suspected.", "pos": "Question: Is prognostic nutritional index associated with survival after total gastrectomy for patients with gastric cancer?\nAnswer: PNI is associated with postoperative survival of patients undergoing TG for GC and is able to divide such patients into two independent groups before surgery.", "neg": "Question: Is aging over 70 Years a Decisively Dismal Prognostic Factor in Gastric Cancer Surgery?\nAnswer: This study demonstrated that there was more number of accompanying disorders with a high surgical risk in the older age group. However, there was no significant difference between the older and younger age groups in terms of the incidence of complications, under the given disease conditions and if proper management was provided.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}530{"query": "Question: Does peripherally administered oxytocin modulate latent inhibition in a manner consistent with antipsychotic drugs?\nAnswer: The facilitation of LI by OT is consistent with the effects produced by APDs and provides further support for the notion that OT has therapeutic potential for schizophrenia.", "pos": "Question: Does dorsolateral prefrontal cortex activity predict responsiveness to cognitive-behavioral therapy in schizophrenia?\nAnswer: DLPFC activity and its connectivity with the cerebellum predict responsiveness to CBT for psychosis in schizophrenia. These effects may be mediated by PFC-cerebellum contributions to executive processing.", "neg": "Question: Does the morphology of high frequency oscillations ( HFO ) improve delineating the epileptogenic zone?\nAnswer: HFO types 1 and 2 similarly reflect epileptogenicity.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}531{"query": "Question: Does generalizability of trial result to elderly Medicare patients with advanced solid tumors ( Alliance 70802 )?\nAnswer: Results of clinical trials for advanced pancreatic cancer and lung cancers tended to correctly estimate survival for Medicare patients aged 65 to 74 years, but to overestimate survival for older Medicare patients by six to eight weeks. These estimates of Medicare patients' survival may aid subsequent patients and their oncologists in treatment decision-making.", "pos": "Question: Does g-8 indicate overall and quality-adjusted survival in older head and neck cancer patients treated with curative radiochemotherapy?\nAnswer: G-8 is indicative of quality-adjusted survival, and should be considered at time of treatment decisions for the older HNCA patient.", "neg": "Question: Does american Joint Committee on Cancer staging system accurately predict survival in patients receiving multimodality therapy for esophageal adenocarcinoma?\nAnswer: The current AJCC staging system is not a good predictor of survival after CRT. Although patients with a pCR do have improved long-term survival relative to patients with residual disease, this method places too much emphasis on residual depth of invasion and fails to identify patients with residual disease who have good long-term survival. Recursive partitioning analysis more accurately identifies nodal disease and metastatic disease as the most important prognostic variables. Degree of treatment response is less prognostic than nodal involvement.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}532{"query": "Question: Do a phase II study of sulforaphane-rich broccoli sprout extracts in men with recurrent prostate cancer?\nAnswer: Treatment with 200 μmoles/day of sulforaphane-rich extracts did not lead to ≥50% PSA declines in the majority of patients. However, because of the safety of treatment and the effects on PSADT modulation, further studies, including those with higher doses, may be warranted to clarify the role of sulforaphane as a prevention agent or treatment agent.", "pos": "Question: Is detection of micrometastatic prostate cancer cells in the lymph nodes by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction predictive of biochemical recurrence in pathological stage T2 prostate cancer?\nAnswer: Nested RT-PCR of the lymph nodes may be a useful pretreatment prognostic test for patients undergoing radical prostatectomy. Further research is necessary using a much larger number of patients with a longer followup.", "neg": "Question: Does chronic periglandular inflammation on prostate needle biopsy increase the likelihood of cancer on subsequent biopsy?\nAnswer: Although inflammation on initial and subsequent biopsy does not predict prostate cancer in this cohort, we cannot dismiss its role in prostate cancer pathogenesis. Additional research is necessary to explore the relationship between prostate inflammation and prostate cancer development.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}533{"query": "Question: Does beta-blocker Treatment Worsen Critical Limb Ischemia in Patients Receiving Endovascular Therapy?\nAnswer: The present results suggest that beta-blocker therapy does not worsen the clinical outcomes after EVT in CLI patients.", "pos": "Question: Does acute Coronary Syndrome Have a Negative Impact on Outcomes after Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting in Patients with Left Main Disease?\nAnswer: ACS did not have a negative impact on early and late outcomes of CABG in patients with LMD.", "neg": "Question: Do early results of a new rotating hinge knee implant?\nAnswer: Our study shows excellent clinical results of the EnduRo TKA. Furthermore, no premature material failure or unusual biological response to the new bearing material could be detected.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}534{"query": "Question: Does electric stimulation at 448 kHz promote proliferation of human mesenchymal stem cells?\nAnswer: These data identify cellular and molecular phenomena potentially underlying the response to CRET and indicate that CRET-induced lesion repair could be mediated by stimulation of the proliferation of stem cells present in the injured tissues.", "pos": "Question: Does human cardiac extracellular matrix support myocardial lineage commitment of pluripotent stem cells?\nAnswer: Human cardiac ECM seems to direct differentiation of pluripotent stem cells towards a cardiomyocyte phenotype. This phenomenon supports the use of cardiac ECM preparations for guided stem cell differentiation and myocardial repair, and may ultimately increase the therapeutic efficacy of cell therapy in heart failure patients.", "neg": "Question: Is mesenchymal stromal cell phenotype influenced by confluence during culture expansion?\nAnswer: These data demonstrate that MSC characteristics and plasticity can be maintained during culture expansion from bone marrow mononuclear cells to MSCs and that a homogeneous phenotype of undifferentiated MSCs which persists independent of cell density can be used for clinical therapies.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}535{"query": "Question: Is pre-surgical cortical activation to food pictures associated with weight loss following bariatric surgery?\nAnswer: We found that neural activity in previously established regions associated with cognitive and behavioral self-regulation predicts weight loss following bariatric surgery. These preliminary findings highlight the role of neural circuitry in the success and maintenance of weight loss and suggest a possible future use of fMRI in screening LAGB surgery candidates.", "pos": "Question: Is snack intake reduced using an implicit , high-level construal cue?\nAnswer: Priming high construal level thinking reduces consumption of high energy dense snacks in the presence of a visual cue-reminder. This may be a practical technique for reducing overeating and has the potential to be extended to other unhealthy behaviors. (PsycINFO Database Record", "neg": "Question: Does biomarker Profile Predict Weight Loss Success in Successful and Unsuccessful Diet-Reduced Obese Individuals : a Prospective Study?\nAnswer: Successful weight loss was associated with changes in adiposity (less fat mass) and unfavorable hunger signals. No baseline biomarker profile was associated with weight loss success. Behavioral factors may have outweighed physiological signals for determining successful weight loss. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00429650.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}536{"query": "Question: Are atherogenic index of plasma and atherogenic coefficient increased in major depression and bipolar disorder , especially when comorbid with tobacco use disorder?\nAnswer: The findings suggest that lipid abnormalities leading to an increased atherogenic potential are involved in the pathophysiology of mood disorders (depression and bipolar disorder) and especially comorbid mood disorder and TUD. The comorbidity between mood disorders and CVD may be partly explained increased through AIP and AC indexes, impacting increments in atherogenic potential.", "pos": "Question: Is sTin2 VNTR polymorphism associated with comorbid tobacco use and mood disorders?\nAnswer: The STin2.12 allele is positively and the STin2.10/10 genotype is negatively associated with comorbid TUD and mood disorders, depression or bipolar depression, suggesting that biological endophenotypes, e.g. disorders in serotonin metabolism, may in part underpin this comorbidity.", "neg": "Question: Does disease Activity Explain It All : How Internalizing Symptoms and Caregiver Depressive Symptoms Relate to Health-related Quality of Life Among Youth with Inflammatory Bowel Disease?\nAnswer: Greater DA independently relates to poorer HRQoL. In addition, DA relates to greater child internalizing problems which in turn relate to higher levels of caregiver depressive symptoms and poorer HRQoL. Providers may consider a family-based approach to screen for internalizing problems, especially in patients with active disease, because caregiver and child mood symptoms may partially explain worsening child HRQoL.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}537{"query": "Question: Do mid-regional proadrenomedullin levels predict recurrence of atrial fibrillation after catheter ablation?\nAnswer: This is the first study revealing the association between MR-proADM elevation before ablation and poor outcomes after ablation of AF. Larger studies are needed to validate these results.", "pos": "Question: Is impaired renal function associated with recurrence after cryoballoon catheter ablation for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation : A potential effect of non-pulmonary vein foci?\nAnswer: Low eGFR at baseline was an independent predictor of recurrence after cryoballoon ablation for paroxysmal AF. The presence of non-PV ectopic beats was significantly increased in patients with impaired renal function, which might be associated with a poor outcome.", "neg": "Question: Do beta-blockers before percutaneous coronary intervention attenuate postprocedural creatine kinase isoenzyme rise?\nAnswer: The results of this large observation study do not support the contention that BB use before PCI decreases myocardial injury.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}538{"query": "Question: Does ellagic acid prevent monocrotaline-induced pulmonary artery hypertension via inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation in rats?\nAnswer: Ellagic acid ameliorates monocrotaline-induced pulmonary artery hypertension via exerting its anti-oxidative property inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome signal pathway in rats.", "pos": "Question: Does cleistocalyx nervosum extract ameliorate chemical-induced oxidative stress in early stages of rat hepatocarcinogenesis?\nAnswer: CE appeared to exert its chemopreventive effects by modulating antioxidant status during DEN and PB induced early stages of hepatocarcinogenesis in rats.", "neg": "Question: Does valproic acid-mediated inhibition of trimethyltin-induced deficits in memory and learning in the rat directly depend on its anti-oxidant properties?\nAnswer: The results of present study showed that VPA attenuates TMT-induced memory deficits. Protective effects against brain tissues oxidative damage might have a role in the beneficial effects of VPA.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}539{"query": "Question: Is preeclampsia associated with lower production of vascular endothelial growth factor by peripheral blood mononuclear cells?\nAnswer: VEGF production by PBMCs is inhibited during PE, creating a downregulation of the microenvironment; this deficiency may contribute to the pathogenesis of disease.", "pos": "Question: Is chronic venous insufficiency associated with elevated level of circulating microparticles?\nAnswer: The findings indicate that CVI is accompanied by an enhanced release of EMPs and PMPs that contribute to altered dysfunctional response of the venous wall.", "neg": "Question: Does serum proatrial natriuretic peptide increase with higher systolic blood pressure in obese men?\nAnswer: Contrary to known physiological BP responses, MR-proANP was negatively associated with ABP in our study. This suggests that a low amount of circulating NPs could play a role in the early stage of obesity-related hypertension.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}540{"query": "Question: Do freezing of gait subtypes have different cognitive correlates in Parkinson 's disease?\nAnswer: Aside from pharmacological differences, unresponsive FOG is associated with executive and visuospatial dysfunction implicating frontostriatal pathways while responsive FOG is associated with hallucinations suggesting involvement of posterior cortical regions. Further study and treatment of FOG should include appropriate subtype classification.", "pos": "Question: Is subcortical atrophy associated with cognitive impairment in mild Parkinson disease : a combined investigation of volumetric changes , cortical thickness , and vertex-based shape analysis?\nAnswer: Patients with Parkinson disease with mild cognitive impairment demonstrated reduced subcortical volumes, which were associated with cognitive deficits. The thalamus, nucleus accumbens, and putamen may serve as potential biomarkers for Parkinson disease-mild cognitive impairment.", "neg": "Question: Are memory deficits in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis exclusively caused by executive dysfunction : a comparative neuropsychological study of amnestic mild cognitive impairment?\nAnswer: The presented results indicate that the interpretation of neuropsychological scores needs to take the distinct cognitive profiles in ALS and aMCI into consideration. Importantly, the observed memory deficits in ALS were distinctly different from those observed in aMCI and can be explained only to some extent in the context of comorbid (coexisting) executive dysfunction. These findings highlight the qualitative differences in temporal lobe dysfunction between ALS and aMCI patients, and support temporal lobe dysfunction as a mechanism underlying the distinct cognitive impairments observed in ALS.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}541{"query": "Question: Does a tourniquet assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation augment myocardial perfusion in a porcine model of cardiac arrest?\nAnswer: T-CPR improves myocardial and cerebral perfusion during CPR. It may provide a new and convenient method for augmenting myocardial and cerebral blood flow during CPR.", "pos": "Question: Does use of the trendelenburg position in the porcine model improve carotid flow during cardiopulmonary resuscitation?\nAnswer: The Trendelenburg position can lead to increased blood flow through the carotid arteries during CPR in this pig model. Future studies should investigate whether this increased blood flow through the carotid arteries leads to improved brain perfusion and better neurologic outcomes.", "neg": "Question: Is excellent coronary perfusion pressure during cardiopulmonary resuscitation good enough to ensure long-term survival with good neurologic outcome : a porcine case report?\nAnswer: Although excellent coronary perfusion pressure renders a return of spontaneous circulation more likely, complications such as acute respiratory injury in the post-resuscitation phase have to be managed carefully in order to ensure good neurological recovery from cardiac arrest.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}542{"query": "Question: Does a common polymorphism in pre-miR-146a underlie Hirschsprung disease risk in Han Chinese?\nAnswer: Our results showed that the polymorphism rs2910164 in pre-miR-146a might alter the production of mature miR-146a and then down-regulate the target gene ROBO1, which plays an important role in pathogenesis of HSCR.", "pos": "Question: Is a genetic variant in primary miR-378 associated with risk and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma in a Chinese population?\nAnswer: These findings indicate that rs1076064 may be a biomarker for HCC susceptibility and prognosis through altering pri-miR-378 transcription.", "neg": "Question: Are chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 2 ( CSPG2 ) gene polymorphisms rs173686 and rs251124 associated with intracranial aneurysms in Chinese Han nationality?\nAnswer: The data do not support the hypothesis that the two SNPs (rs173686 and rs251124) in the promoter region of the CSPG2 gene influence the development of intracranial aneurysms in Chinese Han nationality.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}543{"query": "Question: Do increased litter size and suckling intensity inhibit KiSS-1 mRNA expression in rat arcuate nucleus?\nAnswer: Increased litter size and suckling intensity decreased KiSS-1 mRNA expression in the ARC which may contribute to lactation anestrus in rat.", "pos": "Question: Does ketamine inhibit proliferation of neural stem cell from neonatal rat hippocampus in vitro?\nAnswer: Ketamine inhibited proliferation of NSCs from neonatal rat hippocampus in vitro. Suppressing Ca(2+)-PKCα-ERK1/2 signaling pathway may be involved in this inhibitory effect of ketamine on NSCs proliferation.", "neg": "Question: Does severe experimental uraemia decrease the population of rat pituitary somatotrophs?\nAnswer: These results suggest that severe experimental uraemia interferes with the maturation process of the pituitary gland and support the contention that differences in either the number or the size of pituitary somatotrophs cannot explain the reduced GH secretion previously reported in severely uraemic rats.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}544{"query": "Question: Do glaucoma and associated visual acuity and field loss significantly affect glaucoma-specific psychosocial functioning?\nAnswer: Glaucoma negatively affects PF. Early stage glaucoma with mild VF loss adversely affects anxiety, self-image, and confidence in health care. As VA worsens in advanced glaucoma, anxiety further increases and self-image deteriorates. Ophthalmologists and glaucoma patients need to be aware that both VA and VF losses at different stages of glaucoma negatively impact PF.", "pos": "Question: Does cognitive dysfunction associated with fall in progressive supranuclear palsy?\nAnswer: Recurrent falls in patients with PSP were associated mainly with executive and visuospatial dysfunctions, including (1) impaired coordinated alternating uni- and bimanual motor programming and execution, (2) deficit of attention and decision making in the presence of interference, (3) visuospatial misperception and (4) ideomotor apraxia.", "neg": "Question: Do pain and disability influence psychological and social factors at work among sick-listed patients with neck and back pain?\nAnswer: Sick-listed patients with neck and back pain who had concurrent anxiety or depression reported increased psychological and social challenges at work. To provide suitable treatment in the clinical setting, further attention should be paid to the interaction between anxiety or depression and perceived job strain.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}545{"query": "Question: Does unilateral Hypothalamus Inactivation prevent PTZ Kindling Development through Hippocampal Orexin Receptor 1 Modulation?\nAnswer: It is concluded that LHA inactivation prevented kindling development probably through orexin receptor antagonism. CSF orexin probably acts as an inhibitory step on convulsive intensity through another unknown process.", "pos": "Question: Is hepatic encephalopathy associated with slowed and delayed stimulus-associated somatosensory alpha activity?\nAnswer: The present results provide the first evidence for a slowing of oscillatory activity in the somatosensory system in HE in combination with a previously unknown deficit of S1 in adjusting activation levels back to baseline.", "neg": "Question: Do transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxations result from passive opening of the cardia by gastric distention?\nAnswer: These data refute the hypothesis that transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxations result from passive mechanical distraction of the gastroesophageal junction. Rather, transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxations must occur before the gastroesophageal junction can open.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}546{"query": "Question: Is termination of Nociceptive Bahaviour at the End of Phase 2 of Formalin Test Attributable to Endogenous Inhibitory Mechanisms , but not by Opioid Receptors Activation?\nAnswer: The results of this study suggest the existence of an active inhibitory mechanism, other than the endogenous opioids, that is responsible for termination of nociceptive behaviour at the end of formalin test.", "pos": "Question: Do central adenosine A1 and A2A receptors mediate the antinociceptive effects of neuropeptide S in the mouse formalin test?\nAnswer: The above findings suggest that: (i) NPS evokes central antinociceptive effects by activating both A1 and A2A receptors during phase 1, but (ii) only the adenosine A2A receptor during phase 2 of the formalin test.", "neg": "Question: Does behavioral sensitization to ethanol result in cross-sensitization to NMDA receptor antagonists?\nAnswer: These results indicate that ethanol-induced behavioral sensitization is not associated with increased behavioral sensitivity to NMDA receptor antagonists or altered sensitivity to NMDA receptor agonists. To the extent that changes in sensitivity to these ligands reflect changes in NMDA receptors, these results are inconsistent with the hypothesis that ethanol sensitization is associated with alterations in NMDA receptor-mediated processes.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}547{"query": "Question: Do whole-brain quantitative mapping of metabolites using short echo three-dimensional proton MRSI?\nAnswer: A double-angulation acquisition enables improved metabolic characterization over a wide volume of the brain.", "pos": "Question: Does wireless EEG with individualized channel layout enable efficient motor imagery training?\nAnswer: The present study demonstrates that systematic MI practice in an everyday environment with a user-friendly EEG system results in MI learning effects.", "neg": "Question: Do different strategies moderate primary motor cortex involvement in mental rotation : a TMS study?\nAnswer: This finding suggests that M1 involvement is not exclusively linked with the use of the internal strategy but rather directly with the process of mental rotation. Alternatively, our results might support the hypothesis that M1 is active due to a 'spill-over' effect from adjacent brain regions.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}548{"query": "Question: Does vasopressin raise cardiac enzymes following cardiac surgery : a randomized double-blind clinical trial?\nAnswer: Vasopressin infusion has been used to treat catecholamine-unresponsive shock. In this study, intraoperative vasopressin was used safely as a possible first-line drug for treating hypotension; however, it did not increase the levels of cardiac enzymes after cardiac surgery.", "pos": "Question: Is mild hypercapnia after uncomplicated heart surgery associated with hemodynamic compromise?\nAnswer: The findings of this study suggest that unless there is a specific contraindication to mild hypercapnia, such as pulmonary hypertension or hemodynamic instability, concerns about mild respiratory acidosis should not prevent weaning of sedation and mechanical ventilation after uncomplicated heart surgery.", "neg": "Question: Does catecholamine and volume therapy for cardiac surgery in Germany -- result from a postal survey?\nAnswer: Choice of hemodynamic monitoring is homogenous throughout German centers treating cardiac surgery patients. Norepinephrine is the first line catecholamine in cases of decrease in peripheral vascular resistance. However, catecholamine choice for low cardiac output syndrome varies considerably. HES was the primary colloid used for fluid resuscitation. After conduct of this survey, HES use was restricted by European regulatory authorities in critically ill patients and should only be considered as second-line fluid in surgical patients without renal impairment or severe coagulopathy. Large clinical studies addressing catecholamine and fluid therapy in cardiac surgery patients are lacking.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}549{"query": "Question: Does converging evidence implicate the abnormal microRNA system in schizophrenia?\nAnswer: Collectively, results from all 3 lines of evidence, suggest that the genetically based dysregulation of miRNA systems undermines miRNAs' inhibitory effects, resulting in the abnormal upregulation of genome transcription in the development of SZ.", "pos": "Question: Does promoter variant rs2301228 on the neural cell adhesion molecule 1 gene confer risk of schizophrenia in Han Chinese?\nAnswer: Our results provide direct evidence for NCAM1 as a susceptibility gene for schizophrenia, which offers support to a neurodevelopmental model and neuronal connectivity hypothesis in the onset of schizophrenia.", "neg": "Question: Is tardive dyskinesia associated with the polymorphisms of 5-HT2A receptor gene , serotonin transporter gene and catechol-o-methyltransferase gene?\nAnswer: Our findings indicated that 5-HT2A receptor gene, 5 HTT gene, and COMT gene polymorphisms were similar in schizophrenia with non-TD, schizophrenia with TD, and healthy controls. These polymorphisms, though, do not help to evaluate the susceptibility to TD.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}550{"query": "Question: Do periodontal ligament mesenchymal stromal cells increase proliferation and glycosaminoglycans formation of temporomandibular joint derived fibrochondrocytes?\nAnswer: Results from this study support the mechanism of MSC-chondrocyte interaction, in which MSCs act as secretor of soluble factors that stimulate proliferation and extracellular matrix deposition of chondrocytes.", "pos": "Question: Does complement C3a mobilize Dental Pulp Stem Cells and Specifically Guides Pulp Fibroblast Recruitment?\nAnswer: These results provide the first demonstration of C3aR expression in the dental pulp and demonstrate that C3a is involved in increasing DPSCs and fibroblast proliferation, in mobilizing DPSCs, and in specifically guiding fibroblast recruitment. This provides an additional link to the tight correlation between inflammation and tissue regeneration.", "neg": "Question: Is mesenchymal stromal cell phenotype influenced by confluence during culture expansion?\nAnswer: These data demonstrate that MSC characteristics and plasticity can be maintained during culture expansion from bone marrow mononuclear cells to MSCs and that a homogeneous phenotype of undifferentiated MSCs which persists independent of cell density can be used for clinical therapies.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}551{"query": "Question: Is digital rectal examination in primary care important for early detection of prostate cancer : a retrospective cohort analysis study?\nAnswer: DRE is a key part of the assessment for prostate cancer. It can independently identify patients at risk of prostate cancer, with a substantial proportion of these having clinically significant disease requiring treatment. This study reinforces the importance of DRE in the primary care setting in the assessment for prostate cancer. An abnormal DRE, even in the setting of a normal PSA level, necessitates referral.", "pos": "Question: Does presence of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Suspicious Lesion predict Gleason 7 or Greater Prostate Cancer in Biopsy-Naive Patients?\nAnswer: Prostate MRI should be considered prior to biopsy in all patients presenting with clinical suspicion for PCa, as presence of a MSR will help guide prebiopsy counseling and provide an opportunity for MRI targeting during biopsy.", "neg": "Question: Is prostatic irradiation associated with any measurable increase in the risk of subsequent rectal cancer?\nAnswer: An increased frequency of rectal cancer after prostatic irradiation, apparent on crude analysis, could be attributed to age confounding and other unmeasured confounders associated with prostate cancer treatment and rectal cancer risk.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}552{"query": "Question: Does clinical trial demonstrate exercise following bariatric surgery improves insulin sensitivity?\nAnswer: Moderate exercise following RYGB surgery provides additional improvements in S(I), S(G), and cardiorespiratory fitness compared with a sedentary lifestyle during similar weight loss.", "pos": "Question: Does mild-to-moderate intensity exercise improve cardiac autonomic drive in type 2 diabetes?\nAnswer: These data suggest that three times per week moderate intensity aerobic exercise for 6 months improves cardiac rhythm regulation as measured by heart rate variability in type 2 diabetic patients.", "neg": "Question: Does short-term exercise training stimulate skeletal muscle ATP synthesis in relatives of humans with type 2 diabetes?\nAnswer: The ability of short-term exercise to stimulate ATP production distinguished individuals with improved insulin sensitivity from those whose insulin sensitivity did not improve. In addition, the NDUFB6 gene polymorphism appeared to modulate this adaptation. This finding suggests that genes involved in mitochondrial function contribute to the response of ATP synthesis to exercise training.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}553{"query": "Question: Do differential behavior patterns in cynomolgus monkey Macaca fascicularis in home cage in response to human gaze?\nAnswer: These results indicate that, even in their home cage, monkeys display a heightened level of awareness when gazed upon by a human observer, suggesting that human gaze may elicit emotional reactions. Further, under the human gaze, distinct behavioral subpatterns were apparent within the monkey cohort in our study, indicative of subgroups within the cohort.", "pos": "Question: Does maternal immune activation in nonhuman primates alter social attention in juvenile offspring?\nAnswer: In the rhesus monkey model, exposure to MIA at the end of the first trimester results in abnormal gaze patterns to salient social information. The use of noninvasive eye tracking extends the findings from rodent MIA models to more human-like behaviors resembling those in both autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia.", "neg": "Question: Is assortative mating among Lake Malawi cichlid fish populations simply predictable from male nuptial colour?\nAnswer: We suggest that non-visual cues, such as olfactory signals, may play an important role in mate choice and behavioural isolation in these and perhaps other African cichlid fish. Future speciation models aimed at explaining African cichlid radiations may therefore consider incorporating such mating cues in mate choice scenarios.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}554{"query": "Question: Are genes related to emphysema enriched for ubiquitination pathways?\nAnswer: This study implicates modified protein ubiquitination and degradation as a potentially important pathway in the pathogenesis of emphysema.", "pos": "Question: Is the transposable element environment of human genes associated with histone and expression changes in cancer?\nAnswer: Taken together, these results suggest that the presence of TEs near genes could favor important variation in gene expression when the cell environment is modified.", "neg": "Question: Is mRNA expression of RRM1 , ERCC1 and ERCC2 associated with chemosensitivity to cisplatin , carboplatin and gemcitabine in human lung cancer cell lines?\nAnswer: These in vitro results suggest that further studies are needed to evaluate the expression of the RRM1, ERCC1 and ERCC2 genes as predictive biomarkers for sensitivity to platinum agents and gemcitabine.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}555{"query": "Question: Does unravelling associations between unassigned mass spectrometry peak with frequent itemset mining techniques?\nAnswer: This simple approach offers opportunities to monitor accumulating unexplained mass spectrometry data for emerging new patterns, with possible applications for the development of mass exclusion lists, for the refinement of quality control strategies and for a further interpretation of unexplained spectral peaks in mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry.", "pos": "Question: Do triangle network motifs predict complexes by complementing high-error interactomes with structural information?\nAnswer: Given high-error PPINs with missing information, triangles of mixed datatypes are a promising direction for finding protein complexes. Integrating PPINs with SDDIs improves finding complexes. Structural SDDIs partially explain the high functional similarity of second-level neighbors in PPINs. We estimate that relatively little structural information would be sufficient for finding complexes involving most of the proteins and interactions in a typical PPIN.", "neg": "Question: Does a powerful method for detecting differentially expressed genes from GeneChip arrays that require replicates?\nAnswer: The method presented is a powerful tool for extracting information on differential expression from GeneChip expression studies with limited or no replicates.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}556{"query": "Question: Does celecoxib induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition in epithelial ovarian cancer cells via regulating ZEB1 expression?\nAnswer: Our results indicated that Celecoxib might induce EMT and increase cellular invasiveness in ovarian cancer cells in vitro, which also implied that it needed a comprehensive evaluation in preclinical researches before introducing Celecoxib into the clinical regimen.", "pos": "Question: Is uRG4 overexpression correlated with cervical cancer progression and poor prognosis in patients with early-stage cervical cancer?\nAnswer: Our results demonstrated that elevated URG4 protein expression is associated with a poor outcome in patients with early-stage cervical cancer. URG4 may be a novel prognostic marker and therapeutic target for the treatment of cervical cancer.", "neg": "Question: Is mRNA expression of RRM1 , ERCC1 and ERCC2 associated with chemosensitivity to cisplatin , carboplatin and gemcitabine in human lung cancer cell lines?\nAnswer: These in vitro results suggest that further studies are needed to evaluate the expression of the RRM1, ERCC1 and ERCC2 genes as predictive biomarkers for sensitivity to platinum agents and gemcitabine.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}557{"query": "Question: Is dACT1 involved in human placenta development by promoting Wnt signaling?\nAnswer: DACT1 might play an important role in human placenta development via promoting Wnt signaling.", "pos": "Question: Does [ ITF increase the transcriptional activity of ITF promoter via the JAK-STAT3 signal transduction pathway ]?\nAnswer: ITF increases the transcriptional activity of ITF promoter via the JAK-STAT3 signal transduction pathway.", "neg": "Question: Are serum levels of inhibin B , unlike inhibin A and activin A , altered in women with preeclampsia?\nAnswer: Inhibin A and activin A, but not inhibin B, serum levels are markedly increased in women with preeclampsia. These hormones might serve as an endocrine marker for preeclampsia.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}558{"query": "Question: Do ileal neuroendocrine tumors show elevated activation of mammalian target of rapamycin complex?\nAnswer: mTOR is overexpressed in ileal NETs. Additionally, the loss of ATRX expression was registered, thus underlying a tumorigenic role in a subgroup of these tumors. To enable potential therapeutic application of mTOR inhibitors, further trials with larger study groups are needed.", "pos": "Question: Does glioma-derived versican promote tumor expansion via glioma-associated microglial/macrophages Toll-like receptor 2 signaling?\nAnswer: Our results show that versican released from glioma promotes tumor expansion through glioma-associated microglial/macrophage TLR2 signaling and subsequent expression of MT1-MMP. This signaling cascade might be a novel target for glioma therapies.", "neg": "Question: Does the farnesyl transferase inhibitor RPR-130401 alter radiation susceptibility in human tumor cells with a K-Ras mutation in spite of large changes in ploidy and lamin B distribution?\nAnswer: The data suggest that disruption of orderly progression through mitosis and cytokinesis, is a major outcome of drug action and that this effect proceeds from inhibition of lamin B farnesylation. It is anticipated from the strict additivity of RPR-130401 and radiation that neither induced radiation resistance nor acute or late complications of radiotherapy, should occur in combined treatment with RPR-130401.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}559{"query": "Question: Does core needle biopsy of breast cancer tumors increase distant metastases in a mouse model?\nAnswer: CNB creates an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, increases EMT, and facilitates release of CTCs, all of which likely contribute to the observed increase in development of distant metastases.", "pos": "Question: Does tumor-α9β1 integrin-mediated signaling induce breast cancer growth and lymphatic metastasis via the recruitment of cancer-associated fibroblasts?\nAnswer: Tumor α9β1 integrin promotes lymphatic metastasis through enhancing invasion. Tumor α9β1 integrin promotes tumor growth through CAFs. Tumor α9β1 integrin enhances the recruitment of CAFs into the primary tumor. Tumor cells induce the production of OPN by CAFs in the primary tumor. CAF-derived OPN promotes tumor growth.", "neg": "Question: Does cO2 pneumoperitoneum enhance tumor growth and metastasis : study of a rat cecal wall inoculation model?\nAnswer: A cecal wall inoculation model mimics the natural cascade of colon cancer growth and metastasis. CO2 pneumoperitoneum did not affect the tumor growth and metastasis to the liver and other organs when compared with laparotomy in this model.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}560{"query": "Question: Is hAP1 gene expression associated with radiosensitivity in breast cancer cells?\nAnswer: The present study indicated that HAP1 gene expression was related to the radiosensitivity of breast cancer cells and may play an important role in the regulation of cellular radiosensitivity.", "pos": "Question: Is increased expression of hyaluronic acid binding protein 1 correlated with poor prognosis in patients with breast cancer?\nAnswer: HABP1 might be an independent predictive factor for breast cancer prognosis and up-regulation of HABP1 might play an important role in the metastasis of breast cancer.", "neg": "Question: Are gain-of-function Prolactin Receptor Variants Associated With Breast Cancer and Multiple Fibroadenoma Risk?\nAnswer: PRLR", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}561{"query": "Question: Does patient-conducted anodal transcranial direct current stimulation of the motor cortex alleviate pain in trigeminal neuralgia?\nAnswer: Anodal tDCS over two weeks ameliorates intensity of pain in TN. It may become a valuable treatment option for patients unresponsive to conventional treatment.", "pos": "Question: Does toll-like receptor 4 signaling contribute to Paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy?\nAnswer: The toll-like receptor TLR4 and MyD88 signaling pathway could be a new potential therapeutic target in paclitaxel-induced painful neuropathy.", "neg": "Question: Does opioid sedation alter intracranial pressure in head injured patients?\nAnswer: The study suggests that when opioids are titrated in head-injured patients, worsening intracranial pressure can be avoided.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}562{"query": "Question: Does targeting high mobility group box protein 1 ameliorate testicular inflammation in experimental autoimmune orchitis?\nAnswer: HMGB1 appears to be involved in regulating inflammatory reactions in testes, as HMGB1 is translocated from testicular cells during the course of EAO and blocking its action by ethyl pyruvate (EP) reduces disease progression and spermatogenic damage.", "pos": "Question: Does eGCG attenuate Uric Acid-Induced Inflammatory and Oxidative Stress Responses by Medicating the NOTCH Pathway?\nAnswer: In summary, our findings indicated that Notch-1 plays an important role in the UA-induced inflammatory response, and the downregulation of Notch-1 by EGCG could be an effective approach to decrease inflammation and oxidative stress induced by UA.", "neg": "Question: Is increase of intracellular calcium a cause of pentoxifylline-induced hyperactivated motility or acrosome reaction in human sperm?\nAnswer: Pentoxifylline stimulates hyperactivated motility and acrosome reaction in spermatozoa from fertile men. Its stimulatory effects occur through mechanism(s) other than increase in intracellular calcium.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}563{"query": "Question: Are reclassification rates higher among African American men than Caucasians on active surveillance?\nAnswer: AA men with VLR prostate cancer followed on AS are at significantly higher risk of grade reclassification compared with Caucasians. Therefore, if the goal of AS is to selectively monitor men with low-grade disease, AA men may require alternate selection criteria.", "pos": "Question: Is african-american race a predictor of seminal vesicle invasion after radical prostatectomy?\nAnswer: AA men have an increased risk of SVI after RP, particularly among men with Gleason ≤ 6 disease. This might represent racial differences in the biology of PCa disease progression, which contribute to poorer outcomes in AA men.", "neg": "Question: Does race predict the development of metastases in men with nonmetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer?\nAnswer: The lack of racial differences in the development of metastases and scanning practices observed in this study suggests that, once men have a diagnosis of M0/Mx CRPC, race may not be a prognostic factor. Efforts to understand prostate cancer racial disparities may derive greater benefit by focusing on the risk of developing prostate cancer and on the outcomes of men who have early stage disease. Cancer 2016;122:3848-3855. © 2016 American Cancer Society.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}564{"query": "Question: Does pulmonary rehabilitation during induction chemoradiotherapy for lung cancer improve pulmonary function?\nAnswer: A pulmonary rehabilitation program for patients with non-small cell lung cancer undergoing induction chemoradiotherapy seems to improve respiratory function. It is particularly recommended for smokers and patients with respiratory impairment.", "pos": "Question: Does pharmacological modulation of autophagy enhance Newcastle disease virus-mediated oncolysis in drug-resistant lung cancer cells?\nAnswer: These results demonstrate that combination treatment with autophagy modulators is an effective strategy to augment the therapeutic activity of NDV/FMW against drug-resistant lung cancers.", "neg": "Question: Do why patients attend cardiac rehabilitation : role of intentions and illness beliefs?\nAnswer: It should now be determined whether interventions aimed at optimising certain perceptions could promote cardiac rehabilitation uptake among those patients who could benefit the most.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}565{"query": "Question: Is chronic central serous chorioretinopathy associated with genetic variants implicated in age-related macular degeneration?\nAnswer: Chronic CSC is associated with genetic variants in ARMS2 and CFH, indicating a genetic and pathophysiologic overlap between cCSC and AMD. Intriguingly, alleles in ARMS2 and CFH that confer risk of AMD may be protective for cCSC, and alleles in CFH that are protective for AMD confer risk for cCSC. Significant differences in allele frequencies were found among the phenotypic subgroups for several SNPs, illustrating the importance of correct clinical classification.", "pos": "Question: Is cFI-rs7356506 a genetic protective factor for acute anterior uveitis in Chinese patients?\nAnswer: This study has revealed a significant association between AAU and CFI-rs7356506, suggesting that CFI is involved in the pathogenesis of AAU, and that its influence on AAU may differ depending on gender and HLA-B27 status.", "neg": "Question: Is the high prevalence of autoantibodies to tissue transglutaminase in first-degree relatives of patients with type 1 diabetes associated with islet autoimmunity?\nAnswer: We found a high prevalence of celiac autoimmunity in patients and first-degree relatives of children with type 1 diabetes, but we found limited overlap between islet and celiac autoimmunity in nondiabetic relatives. The high prevalence of celiac autoimmunity may be explained by shared genetic susceptibility and identifies a population within which screening for the disease may be justified.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}566{"query": "Question: Do genetic variations of IL17F and IL23A show associations with Behçet 's disease and Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome?\nAnswer: High gene copy numbers of IL17F and IL23A were associated with BD and VKH syndrome. Enhanced IL17F protein production and PBMC proliferation were associated with high IL17F copy numbers.", "pos": "Question: Is the CGGGG insertion/deletion polymorphism of the IRF5 promoter a strong risk factor for primary Sjögren 's syndrome?\nAnswer: Our findings indicate an association of the CGGGG insertion/deletion polymorphism of the IRF5 promoter with primary SS. Patients carrying the 4R CGGGG IRF5 allele had a high level of mRNA for IRF5 in PBMCs and salivary gland epithelial cells, mainly after in vitro viral infection. Patients with high levels of mRNA for IRF5 also had high levels of mRNA for type I IFN-induced genes in PBMCs.", "neg": "Question: Is polymorphism of Interleukin-6 associated with the presence or absence of high HPV E6/E7?\nAnswer: Genotypic analysis showed a striking similarity of IL6 polymorphisms in both cases and controls. The allelic distribution in cases and controls for G and C of IL6 were very similar (p=0.186), which could point to similar IL6 functionality for both groups.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}567{"query": "Question: Do [ Recovery of maxillary tooth sensibility after Le Fort I osteotomy ]?\nAnswer: Among the teeth that were sensitive before surgery, 87.3 % had not regained sensitivity at D2. The recovery of sensitivity increased at D15. A great displacement of the maxillary bone was an aggravating factor for loss of tooth sensitivity.", "pos": "Question: Do radiotherapy associated with higher rates of dental implant loss?\nAnswer: Irradiation of the head was linked to increased failure rate of implants compared to failure rates in patients who had not undergone radiotherapy. The failure rate was higher in the maxilla and HBO therapy did not improve implant survival.", "neg": "Question: Does partial meniscectomy in the presence of severe osteoarthritis hasten the symptomatic progression of osteoarthritis?\nAnswer: Arthroscopic partial meniscectomy in the presence of Outerbridge grade IV degenerative change is likely to improve symptoms initially in patients with symptomatic meniscal tears and may provide lasting benefit. It does not appear to hasten the progression of the osteoarthritis in these patients.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}568{"query": "Question: Does echogenicity of medium-to-large carotid plaques predict future vascular events?\nAnswer: The association between echogenicity of carotid plaque and incident vascular events is dependent on the plaque size. Echolucent medium-to-large plaques, but not small plaques, are associated with the risk of future total cardiovascular events. This finding suggests that measurement of echolucency in medium-to-large carotid plaques may improve selection of patients at high risk for total vascular events.", "pos": "Question: Does larger A1/M1 diameter ratio predict embolic anterior cerebral artery territorial stroke?\nAnswer: Larger ipsilateral A1 diameters and A1/M1 diameter ratio are associated with embolic ACAS. These findings suggest that A1 diameters and M1 diameters are important in determining the path of emboli that reach the terminal internal carotid artery.", "neg": "Question: Do atherosclerotic plaque rupture and intraplaque hemorrhage correlate with symptoms in carotid artery stenosis?\nAnswer: Almost 70% of plaque specimens demonstrated thrombus, intraplaque hemorrhage, or both. Thrombosis was observed in one fourth of specimens, and intraplaque hemorrhage in almost two thirds of specimens. Sixty four percent of plaques demonstrated neovascularization. It was not possible to demonstrate that complicated plaques (plaque rupture, thrombosis, intraplaque hemorrhage) are associated with symptoms, and it appears that such plaques may occur at any time, irrespective of symptoms.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}569{"query": "Question: Is sTin2 VNTR polymorphism associated with comorbid tobacco use and mood disorders?\nAnswer: The STin2.12 allele is positively and the STin2.10/10 genotype is negatively associated with comorbid TUD and mood disorders, depression or bipolar depression, suggesting that biological endophenotypes, e.g. disorders in serotonin metabolism, may in part underpin this comorbidity.", "pos": "Question: Are atherogenic index of plasma and atherogenic coefficient increased in major depression and bipolar disorder , especially when comorbid with tobacco use disorder?\nAnswer: The findings suggest that lipid abnormalities leading to an increased atherogenic potential are involved in the pathophysiology of mood disorders (depression and bipolar disorder) and especially comorbid mood disorder and TUD. The comorbidity between mood disorders and CVD may be partly explained increased through AIP and AC indexes, impacting increments in atherogenic potential.", "neg": "Question: Does one size fit all : how the tobacco industry has altered cigarette design to target consumer groups with specific psychological and psychosocial needs?\nAnswer: Cigarette brands created to address the psychological/psychosocial needs of smokers may increase the likelihood of smoking initiation and addiction. Awareness of targeted product development will improve smoking cessation and prevention efforts.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}570{"query": "Question: Do mesalazine and thymoquinone attenuate intestinal tumour development in Msh2 ( loxP/loxP ) Villin-Cre mice?\nAnswer: Mesalazine and thymoquinone reduce tumour incidence and multiplicity in Msh2(loxP/loxP) Villin-Cre mice by reduction of MSI independent of a functional mismatch repair system. Both substances are candidate compounds for chemoprevention in Lynch syndrome mutation carriers.", "pos": "Question: Does cystathionine-Gamma-Lyase Gene Deletion protect Mice against Inflammation and Liver Sieve Injury following Polymicrobial Sepsis?\nAnswer: Mice with CSE (an H2S synthesising enzyme) gene deletion are less susceptible to CLP-induced sepsis and associated inflammatory response through ERK1/2-NF-κB p65 pathway as evidenced by reduced inflammation, tissue damage, and LSECs defenestration and gaps formation.", "neg": "Question: Do anti-oxidant properties of N-acetyl-L-cysteine improve the immune resistance of mice fed dietary lipids to Listeria monocytogenes infection?\nAnswer: On the basis of these results, we can confirm that the administration of NAC improves survival in mice fed LF diet, whereas a reduction in the generation of superoxide radicals was measured in mice fed a FO diet and infected with L. monocytogenes. Similarly, bacterial recovery was diminished in mice fed diets containing LF or HCO. Hence, these data reveal a beneficial effect of NAC in mice fed LF or HCO and a detrimental action of this antioxidant in mice fed diets containing FO or OO.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}571{"query": "Question: Does infusion of human embryonic kidney cell line conditioned medium reverse kainic acid induced hippocampal damage in mice?\nAnswer: Our present data demonstrate for the first time that infusion of HEK cells/HEK-CM can prevent excitotoxic hippocampal damage and alleviate consequent behavioral abnormalities.", "pos": "Question: Does heterologous expression of mutated HLA-G1 reduce alloreactivity of human dermal fibroblasts?\nAnswer: We are the first to successfully create a human fibroblast source with reduced alloreactivity using a novel mHLA-G1 construct. This approach may be extended to other cell types including human embryonic stem cells for use in allogeneic transplantation for cell-based regenerative medicine applications.", "neg": "Question: Does atherogenesis in mice require CD40 ligand from bone marrow-derived cells?\nAnswer: These experiments demonstrate that CD40L modulates atherogenesis, at least in mice, primarily by its expression on nonhematopoietic cell types rather than monocytes, T lymphocytes, or platelets, a surprising finding with important pathophysiologic and therapeutic implications.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}572{"query": "Question: Is low transferrin saturation associated with impaired fasting glucose and insulin resistance in the South Korean adults : the 2010 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey?\nAnswer: Lower transferrin saturations were associated with an increased risk of impaired fasting glucose and insulin resistance among general South Korean population.", "pos": "Question: Does early menarche increase the risk of Type 2 diabetes in young and middle-aged Korean women?\nAnswer: Early menarche increased the risk of Type 2 diabetes in young and middle-aged Korean women although adulthood adiposity attenuated the relationship. Knowledge of age at menarche is important in identifying women at risk for diabetes.", "neg": "Question: Do impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance predict hypertension : a community cohort study?\nAnswer: While metabolic syndrome components related to insulin resistance present at baseline are important risk factors of hypertension, we conclude that coexisting metabolic component, mainly abdominal obesity, rather than IFG and IGT have more predictive value for determining the development of hypertension in a Korean population.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}573{"query": "Question: Does maternal nutrition induce gene expression changes in fetal muscle and adipose tissues in sheep?\nAnswer: These findings provide evidence that maternal nutrition during pregnancy can alter the programming of fetal muscle and fat tissues in sheep. The ramifications of the observed gene expression changes, in terms of postnatal growth, body composition, and meat quality of the offspring, warrant future investigation.", "pos": "Question: Is n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in milk associate to weight gain and growth in premature infants?\nAnswer: These results suggest that the n-3 PUFA composition of milk may be associated with weight gain and growth. Considering the advantages of n-3 LC-PUFA consumption on infant growth and visual function and its association with reduced incidence of premature birth, dietitians should advise pregnant women to increase their intake of foods high in n-3 LC-PUFA.", "neg": "Question: Does iGF-1 moderate the time-dependent transcriptional patterns of key homeostatic genes induced by sustained compression of bovine cartilage?\nAnswer: Sustained compression markedly altered the effects of IGF-1 on expression of genes involved in cartilage homeostasis, while IGF-1 was largely unable to moderate the transcriptional effects of compression alone. The demonstrated co-expressed gene pairings suggest a balance of anabolic and catabolic activity following simultaneous mechanical and growth factor stimuli.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}574{"query": "Question: Is premature ejaculation associated with glycemic control in Type 1 diabetes?\nAnswer: Our results show a similar prevalence of PE in young male patients with Type 1 diabetes and in the age-matched control population; in diabetic patients with PE, a higher glycemic variability in the hypoglycemic domain is significantly associated with the PEDT score.", "pos": "Question: Does age at diagnosis predict deterioration in glycaemic control among children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes?\nAnswer: Older diagnostic age and black race are major risk factors for deterioration in glycemic control early in the course of T1DM. These findings can inform efforts to explore the reasons behind these differences and develop preventive interventions for high-risk patients.", "neg": "Question: Do markers of renal tubular dysfunction measured annually predict risk of microalbuminuria in the first few years after diagnosis of Type I diabetes?\nAnswer: Raised amounts of urine retinol binding protein and N-acetyl-glycosaminidase are related to HbA1c and the duration of diabetes. They occur in the majority of subjects and are not early markers for the risk of microalbuminuria.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}575{"query": "Question: Is myocardial scar characteristics based on cardiac magnetic resonance imaging associated with ventricular tachyarrhythmia in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy?\nAnswer: A relatively large peri-infarction mass is associated with sustained VT and/or appropriate ICD therapy, whereas age and lower LVEF are associated with mortality. CMR based tissue characterization could aid in the prediction of specific outcome measures and in clinical decision making.", "pos": "Question: Is infarct characterization and quantification by delayed enhancement cardiac magnetic resonance imaging a powerful independent and incremental predictor of mortality in patients with advanced ischemic cardiomyopathy?\nAnswer: In advanced ischemic cardiomyopathy, PI% is a powerful independent and incremental predictor of all-cause mortality. Infarct heterogeneity offers substantial further risk stratification when compared with quantification of total myocardial scar % alone even after adjusting for clinical risk factors, end-systolic volume index, mitral regurgitation, incomplete revascularization, and implantable cardioverter defibrillator implantation.", "neg": "Question: Is periprocedural myocardial infarction associated with an increased risk of long-term cardiac mortality after coronary bifurcation stenting?\nAnswer: PMI occurs in patients with a higher prevalence of adverse cardiac risks and predicts short-term but not long-term cardiac mortality in patients undergoing bifurcation lesion PCI.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}576{"query": "Question: Does institutional patient-specific IMRT QA predict unacceptable plan delivery?\nAnswer: IMRT QA is not a reasonable replacement for a credentialing phantom. Moreover, the particularly poor agreement between IMRT QA and the IROC Houston phantoms highlights surprising inconsistency in the QA process.", "pos": "Question: Does clinical Examination Predict Response to Albuterol in Ventilated Infants With Bronchiolitis?\nAnswer: A provider's clinical assessment was not a reliable method for determining response to albuterol in children with bronchiolitis. Without assessment of pulmonary mechanics, caution should be used in classifying children with bronchiolitis as responders to albuterol.", "neg": "Question: Does assessment of procedural skills using virtual simulation remain a challenge?\nAnswer: Only the full procedure of the LAP Mentor procedural simulator has enough discriminative power to claim construct validity. However, the lack of quality control, which is indispensible in the evaluation of procedural skills, makes it currently unsuited for the assessment of procedural laparoscopic skills. The role of the simulator in a training context remains to be elucidated.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}577{"query": "Question: Is depression a consistent syndrome : An investigation of unique symptom patterns in the STAR*D study?\nAnswer: Symptoms were dichotomized to construct symptom profiles. Many subjects enrolled in STAR*D reported medical conditions for which prescribed medications may have affected symptom presentation.", "pos": "Question: Are high rates of depressive symptoms among patients with systemic sclerosis explained by differential reporting of somatic symptoms?\nAnswer: High rates of depressive symptoms in SSc are not due to bias related to the report of somatic symptoms. The pattern of differential item functioning between the SSc and Internet groups, however, suggests some qualitative differences in depressive symptom presentation.", "neg": "Question: Are symptoms of Depression Common in Patients With Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus : The INPH-CRasH Study?\nAnswer: Symptoms of depression are overrepresented in INPH patients compared with the population, despite treatment with a shunt. Screening for depression should be done in the evaluation of INPH patients in order to find and treat a coexisting depression.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}578{"query": "Question: Does canals of Hering loss relate to the progression of the histological stages of primary biliary cirrhosis?\nAnswer: The number of CoH was low in early stages and further decreased with stage progression in PBC. CoH loss, reflecting a reduced supply of progenitor cells to the biliary tree, may be involved in the histological progression of PBC.", "pos": "Question: Does hepatic Notch2 deficiency lead to bile duct agenesis perinatally and secondary bile duct formation after weaning?\nAnswer: Cholangiocyte differentiation becomes progressively less dependent on NOTCH2 signaling with age, suggesting that ductal-plate formation is dependent on NOTCH2, but subsequent cholangiocyte differentiation is not.", "neg": "Question: Is hepatitis C virus-associated thrombocytopenia related to serum thrombopoietin levels?\nAnswer: An impaired TPO production did not explain the development of thrombocytopenia in HCV and other mechanisms must be involved.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}579{"query": "Question: Does transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation modulate tinnitus-related beta- and gamma-band activity?\nAnswer: We conclude that tVNS was successful in modulating tinnitus-related beta- and gamma-band activity and thus could have potential as a treatment method for tinnitus.", "pos": "Question: Does rESVERATROL TREATMENT prevent HIPPOCAMAL NEURODEGENERATION IN A RODENT MODEL OF TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY?\nAnswer: Our results demonstrated that RVT had a healing effect on neurons after TBI.", "neg": "Question: Do several mechanical manipulations of the wall of the inner ear affect air and bone conduction auditory thresholds?\nAnswer: It is likely that an alternative mode of cochlear excitation is possible.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}580{"query": "Question: Does lysophosphatidylserine have Bilateral Effects on Macrophages in the Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis?\nAnswer: LysoPS may have proatherosclerotic properties in the setting of foam cell formation as well as antiatherosclerotic effects on inflammation in macrophages.", "pos": "Question: Does aggregated LDL in contact with macrophages induce local increases in free cholesterol levels that regulate local actin polymerization?\nAnswer: We describe a novel process that occurs during agLDL-macrophage interactions in which local release of free cholesterol causes local actin polymerization, promoting a pathological positive feedback loop for increased catabolism of agLDL and eventual foam cell formation.", "neg": "Question: Does medial degeneration involve uniformly the whole ascending aorta : morphological , biochemical and clinical correlations?\nAnswer: MD lesions in dilated intrapericardial aorta are more severe in the right postero-lateral wall area, likely due to haemodynamic stress asymmetry.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}581{"query": "Question: Does early experience with a new three-dimensional annuloplasty ring for the treatment of functional tricuspid regurgitation?\nAnswer: Tricuspid valve repair with the Contour 3D annuloplasty ring can be performed with a low rate of residual TR at hospital discharge, a low reoperation rate, and with an excellent early functional outcome.", "pos": "Question: Does first registry result from the newly approved ACURATE TA™ TAVI system†?\nAnswer: The short-term result of the registry shows a safety and efficacy profile comparable, if not improved in some aspects, with previously approved transcatheter aortic valve implantation devices. These 'real-world' data highlight an excellent functional outcome, especially in regard to a low rate of relevant paravalvular leak.", "neg": "Question: Is endoscopic subureteral injection less expensive than outpatient open reimplantation for unilateral vesicoureteral reflux?\nAnswer: In terms of total system reimbursement it is less expensive in our system to treat unilateral vesicoureteral reflux with unilateral extravesical reimplantation than with subureteral Deflux injection using dextranomer-hyaluronic acid. The ability to perform unilateral reimplantation as an outpatient procedure has shifted this relationship.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}582{"query": "Question: Is human cytomegalovirus infection associated with essential hypertension in Kazakh and Han Chinese populations?\nAnswer: CMV infection is associated with essential hypertension in Kazakh males and Hans in Xinjiang. CMV seropositivity is associated with hypertension in Kazakh males, and CMV antibody titers are associated with blood pressure and hypertension in Han males and females. Moreover, the CMV gB2+gB3 genotype mixture is associated independently with essential hypertension in Kazakh females.", "pos": "Question: Are tNNT2 Gene Polymorphisms Associated with Susceptibility to Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy in Kazak and Han Chinese?\nAnswer: The TNNT2 polymorphisms might play an important role in susceptibility to DCM in Xinjiang Kazak and Han patients.", "neg": "Question: Do impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance predict hypertension : a community cohort study?\nAnswer: While metabolic syndrome components related to insulin resistance present at baseline are important risk factors of hypertension, we conclude that coexisting metabolic component, mainly abdominal obesity, rather than IFG and IGT have more predictive value for determining the development of hypertension in a Korean population.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}583{"query": "Question: Is gut microbiome composition associated with temperament during early childhood?\nAnswer: Differences in gut microbiome composition, including alpha diversity, beta diversity, and abundances of specific bacterial species, were observed in association with temperament in toddlers. This study was cross-sectional and observational and, therefore, does not permit determination of the causal direction of effects. However, if bidirectional brain-gut relationships are present in humans in early life, this may represent an opportunity for intervention relevant to physical as well as mental health disorders.", "pos": "Question: Does early-life stress selectively affect gastrointestinal but not behavioral responses in a genetic model of brain-gut axis dysfunction?\nAnswer: Our data suggest that early-life stress, on the background of a genetic predisposition to display an anxiety- and depressive-like phenotype, selectively influences GI function rather than stress-related behaviors. Thus, our findings highlight the importance of genetic predisposition on the outcome of early-life adversity on GI function.", "neg": "Question: Does the Val66Met polymorphism at the BDNF gene influence Wisconsin Card Sorting Test results in children and adolescents with bipolar disorder?\nAnswer: Our findings from this sample of children and adolescents with BD do not replicate results from studies of adults and suggest the existence of differences in the neurobiology of this disorder across the life cycle. Investigations of larger samples are necessary to confirm these data.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}584{"query": "Question: Is siglec-10 associated with survival and natural killer cell dysfunction in hepatocellular carcinoma?\nAnswer: These findings suggest that Siglec-10 is associated with decreased survival and impaired NK cell function in human HCC. This process may function via the CD24-Siglec-10 interaction, which may represent a therapeutic target in HCC patients.", "pos": "Question: Is serum interleukin-10 but not interleukin-6 related to clinical outcome in patients with resectable hepatocellular carcinoma?\nAnswer: In patients with HCC, the preoperative serum IL-10 level is related to the clinical outcome. IL-10 may play an important role in the progression of HCC.", "neg": "Question: Are p16INK4A gene alterations a prognostic indicator for survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing curative hepatectomy?\nAnswer: p16INK4A is altered frequently and early in HCC, being the predominant mechanism of inactivation promoter hypermethylation. The present results suggest that the p16INK4A gene plays an important role in the pathogenesis of HCC.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}585{"query": "Question: Does alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist GTS-21 mitigate isoflurane-induced cognitive impairment in aged rats?\nAnswer: The study demonstrated that pretreatment with α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist GTS-21 attenuates isoflurane-induced learning and memory impairment in aged rats.", "pos": "Question: Does ascorbic Acid ameliorate nicotine exposure induced impaired spatial memory performances in rats?\nAnswer: Ascorbic acid supplementation was found to be effective in preventing the prenatal nicotine exposure induced cognitive deficits in rat offspring to some extent.", "neg": "Question: Does valproic acid-mediated inhibition of trimethyltin-induced deficits in memory and learning in the rat directly depend on its anti-oxidant properties?\nAnswer: The results of present study showed that VPA attenuates TMT-induced memory deficits. Protective effects against brain tissues oxidative damage might have a role in the beneficial effects of VPA.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}586{"query": "Question: Does honokiol affect melanoma cell growth by targeting the AMP-activated protein kinase signaling pathway?\nAnswer: The results suggest that HNK can target melanoma cells and mark them for cell death through AMPK signaling. Further studies are warranted for developing HNK as an effective chemopreventive/therapeutic agent in melanoma.", "pos": "Question: Do aurkA inhibitors enhance the effects of B-RAF and MEK inhibitors in melanoma treatment?\nAnswer: These findings provide new prospects for melanoma research, including combined B-RAF/AurkA inhibition for B-RAF mutated melanomas and MEK/AurkA inhibitor combination for patients without B-RAF mutations. Moreover, for the first time, we have shown that a B-RAF, MEK and AurkA inhibitor triple drug combination offers increased efficacy against melanoma cell growth and might be considered as a potential treatment strategy for enhancing clinical response in melanoma. However, although this triple drug combination was more effective at the epidermal/dermal junction, the suggested presence of alive and proliferating melanoma cells in the dermal stratum could result in drug resistance and disease recurrence. Molecular characterization of these dermal cells may be critical for the development of novel therapeutic strategies.", "neg": "Question: Is mRNA expression of RRM1 , ERCC1 and ERCC2 associated with chemosensitivity to cisplatin , carboplatin and gemcitabine in human lung cancer cell lines?\nAnswer: These in vitro results suggest that further studies are needed to evaluate the expression of the RRM1, ERCC1 and ERCC2 genes as predictive biomarkers for sensitivity to platinum agents and gemcitabine.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}587{"query": "Question: Do dexamethasone intravitreal implant as adjunct therapy for patients with wet age-related macular degeneration with incomplete response to ranibizumab?\nAnswer: DXI appears to be effective in vision stabilisation, decreasing IRF/SRF and improvement of CRT in eyes with refractory wet AMD.", "pos": "Question: Do pilot study of glaucoma drainage implant surgery supplemented with reticulated hyaluronic acid gel in severe glaucoma?\nAnswer: In eyes with severe glaucoma, the intraoperative application of crosslinked sodium HA gel may improve the efficacy of GDI surgery.", "neg": "Question: Is traditional couching an effective alternative procedure for cataract surgery in Mali?\nAnswer: In Mali, two types of providers offer two different interventions to treat cataract-blind persons. This study suggests that the couching method used by traditional healers is relatively expensive and ineffective. It is also potentially dangerous although this study did not address this question specifically. It is important that health policy makers and medical authorities do what they can to prevent traditional healers from performing the couching procedure, as well as informing the population about the existence of a more-effective and safer alternative. However, while more effective and safer, the results obtained by ICCE are not excellent either. Further, it is important to improve the quality of ophthalmic services in order to provide cataract patients with the best, most accessible and least expensive services possible.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}588{"query": "Question: Is shorter time to target temperature associated with poor neurologic outcome in post-arrest patients treated with targeted temperature management?\nAnswer: In this multicenter cohort of post-arrest TTM patients, shorter induction time was associated with poor neurologic outcome.", "pos": "Question: Does head and neck cooling after cardiac arrest result in lower jugular bulb than esophageal temperature?\nAnswer: During the initial phase of therapeutic hypothermia, Tjb seems to be lower than Tes.", "neg": "Question: Is therapeutic hypothermia after cardiac arrest associated with favorable neurological outcome : a meta-analysis?\nAnswer: Therapeutic hypothermia in the post-cardiac arrest management protocol does not provide any benefit in favorable neurological outcome, survival to hospital discharge, and long term survival. Incidence of pneumonia may be increased with the use of therapeutic hypothermia.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}589{"query": "Question: Do lipopolysaccharide and cytokines inhibit rat cardiomyocyte contractility in vitro?\nAnswer: Prolonged exposure of ARVM to a mixture of LPS and inflammatory cytokines inhibits cell contractility. The effect is mediated by the inhibition of Ca(2+) influx via LTCC, and partially opposed by the inhibition of Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchange. Because both mechanisms are commonly seen in animal models of SIC, we conclude that prolonged challenge with Cytomix-100 of ARVM may represent an accurate in vitro model for SIC.", "pos": "Question: Is basal and β-adrenergic cardiomyocytes contractility dysfunction induced by dietary protein restriction associated with downregulation of SERCA2a expression and disturbance of endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ regulation in rats?\nAnswer: The observations reveal that protein restriction induces marked myocardial morphofunctional damage. The pathological changes of cardiomyocyte mechanics suggest the potential involvement of the β-adrenergic system, which is possibly associated with changes in SERCA2a expression and disturbances in Ca(2+) intracellular kinetics.", "neg": "Question: Is rat middle cerebral artery occlusion a suitable model for the study of stroke-induced spontaneous infections?\nAnswer: Inflammatory and infection changes in Wistar rats subjected to MCAO models may be attributed not only to the brain ischemic injury but to the surgical aggression and/or anaesthetic stress. Consequently, we suggest that stroke-induced immunodepression in ischemic experimental models should be interpreted with caution in further experimental and translational studies, at least in rat stroke models that entail cervicotomy and cranial trepanation.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}590{"query": "Question: Does wogonin modulate hydroperoxide-induced apoptosis via PI3K/Akt pathway in retinal pigment epithelium cells?\nAnswer: Our study showed that wogonin pre-treatment can protect RPE cells from H2O2-induced apoptosis. This suggests potential effect of wogonin in the prevention of retinal diseases associated with H2O2-induced oxidative stress such as AMD.", "pos": "Question: Do natural triterpenic diols promote apoptosis in astrocytoma cells through ROS-mediated mitochondrial depolarization and JNK activation?\nAnswer: Overall, we provide a significant insight into the anticarcinogenic action of erythrodiol and uvaol that may have a potential in prevention and treatment of brain tumors and other cancers.", "neg": "Question: Does valproic acid-mediated inhibition of trimethyltin-induced deficits in memory and learning in the rat directly depend on its anti-oxidant properties?\nAnswer: The results of present study showed that VPA attenuates TMT-induced memory deficits. Protective effects against brain tissues oxidative damage might have a role in the beneficial effects of VPA.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}591{"query": "Question: Do trends in outpatient MRI seem to reflect recent reimbursement cuts?\nAnswer: Although the majority of Medicare outpatient MRI studies had previously been performed in private offices, recent years brought a shift, with more now being performed in HOPDs. This change will increase costs to payers, because reimbursements to HOPDs are generally higher than those to offices. Although radiologists perform the majority of MRI exams that are conducted in private offices, the rate of growth for such exams from 2002 to 2012 was considerably higher among orthopedic surgeons and other physicians than among radiologists.", "pos": "Question: Is continued growth in emergency department imaging bucking the overall trends?\nAnswer: Despite the cessation of overall utilization growth of the various modalities in recent years, ED utilization rates continued to increase. The greatest increases, in terms of accrued new examinations per 1,000, were seen in CT and XR. This suggests that radiologists and ED physicians need to work together to better manage imaging utilization.", "neg": "Question: Does what explain the variation in the direct costs of graduate medical education?\nAnswer: Much of the current variation in residency costs and payments is attributable to accounting and not structural or locational factors. Institutions looking for ways to become more efficient could compare costs of training across institutions without sophisticated adjusters. Federal policymakers should consider a national payment rate per resident to replace the current system based on hospital-specific costs. This proposal would redistribute dollars across residency programs. The proposal would affect payments for direct medical education in the Medicare program and could form the basis for payment for residency education by all payers.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}592{"query": "Question: Is acute kidney injury independently associated with higher mortality after cardiac surgery?\nAnswer: More than 28% of the patients undergoing elective or subacute cardiac surgery developed AKI in this contemporary cohort. Furthermore, acute kidney injury was an independent predictor of increased mortality irrespective of the perioperative risk factors.", "pos": "Question: Does severe aortic arch calcification predict mortality in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis?\nAnswer: In patients undergoing PD, CXR-detected severe AoAC was an independent risk factor for all-cause and CV mortalities.", "neg": "Question: Does nonischemic Postoperative Seizure Increase Mortality After Cardiac Surgery?\nAnswer: When PS is associated with acute cerebrovascular accident, a significant increase in postoperative morbidity and mortality can be expected. However, in those with isolated PS (without evidence of new neurologic injury), perioperative mortality and morbidity are comparable to those without any neurologic complications.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}593{"query": "Question: Is the level of RECQL1 expression a prognostic factor for epithelial ovarian cancer?\nAnswer: These results suggest that RECQL1 is a prognostic factor for EOC and that RECQL1 contributes to potential malignancy by inhibiting apoptosis.", "pos": "Question: Is serum cytokeratin-19 fragment ( Cyfra 21-1 ) a prognostic indicator for epithelial ovarian cancer?\nAnswer: The pretreatment level of serum Cyfra 21-1 had remarkable prognostic significance for EOC, indicating poor survival when it was elevated above 3.0 ng/mL.", "neg": "Question: Are gain-of-function Prolactin Receptor Variants Associated With Breast Cancer and Multiple Fibroadenoma Risk?\nAnswer: PRLR", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}594{"query": "Question: Do [ Clinical significance of continuous thrombocytopenia in predicting sepsis after severe burn ]?\nAnswer: Duration of thrombocytopenia within PBD 10 is one of the risk factors for sepsis in severely burned patients, which can reflect pathophysiological changes in the body, thus providing predictive value for the occurrence of sepsis.", "pos": "Question: Do bile CXC motif chemokine 10 levels correlate with anti-donor cytotoxic T cell responses after liver transplantation?\nAnswer: Measurements of bile CXCL10 levels could predict anti-donor cytotoxic T cell responses in liver transplant recipients.", "neg": "Question: Is transcutaneous bilirubinometry influenced by term or skin color in neonates?\nAnswer: TcB measurements using the Draeger JM-103® device correlate significantly with TSB, regardless of term and skin color. Transcutaneous bilirubinometry seems to be a safe and cost-effective screening method for severe hyperbilirubinemia in newborns of different terms and ethnic origins.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}595{"query": "Question: Does increased pulsatility of the intracranial blood flow spectral waveform on transcranial Doppler point to peripheral arterial disease in stroke patients?\nAnswer: Our findings indicate that PAD cannot be inferred from intracranial flow parameters predictive of arterial disease and risk factors such as hypertension among patients with acute cerebral ischemia.", "pos": "Question: Are lipoprotein phospholipase A2 mass and activity associated with the diagnosis of acute brain ischemia?\nAnswer: The results of our study do not support the early measurement of Lp-PLA2 mass or activity levels for confirming an ischemic etiology in patients experiencing minor or transient focal neurological events.", "neg": "Question: Does interatrial septum motion but not Doppler assessment predict elevated pulmonary capillary wedge pressure in patients undergoing cardiac surgery?\nAnswer: Doppler assessment of PCWP was neither sensitive nor specific enough to be clinically useful in anesthetized patients with mechanical ventilation. The fixed curve pattern of the interatrial septum was the best predictor of raised PCWP.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}596{"query": "Question: Is serum level of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein lower in children with idiopathic scoliosis than in non-scoliotic controls?\nAnswer: COMP was lower in children with idiopathic scoliosis than in a control cohort. In children with scoliosis, high COMP was modestly correlated with high growth velocity, but not with curve severity.", "pos": "Question: Does benign Joint Hypermobility Minimally impact Autonomic Abnormalities in Pediatric Subjects with Chronic Functional Pain Disorders?\nAnswer: Children with chronic functional pain disorders and BJH have autonomic testing findings and comorbid features compared with a similar cohort of subjects without BJH, suggesting that BJH is not the driver of the autonomic and comorbid disorders.", "neg": "Question: Are low TSH levels associated with osteoporosis in childhood?\nAnswer: In childhood, chronic extremely low TSH levels, in the face of normal thyroid hormone levels, are not related to bone loss.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}597{"query": "Question: Do society of Thoracic Surgeons score predicts kidney injury in patients not undergoing bypass surgery?\nAnswer: The STS score is an effective tool for predicting AKI in patients with coronary artery disease who have not undergone CABG. Frequent monitoring of serum creatinine level or early application of AKI biomarkers are warranted for STS renal failure 5.7% or greater.", "pos": "Question: Does proteinuria predict postcardiotomy acute kidney injury in patients with preserved glomerular filtration rate?\nAnswer: Urine analysis is usually neglected before cardiac surgery despite the fact that proteinuria is the earliest manifestation of kidney dysfunction. In the current study, we show that urine protein is strongly and independently associated with postoperative acute kidney injury in subjects with preserved estimated glomerular filtration rate. These data suggest that such a relatively simple and clinically easy to use tool as a urinary dipstick may be useful to identify patients at high risk of acute kidney injury before cardiac surgery.", "neg": "Question: Does the new EuroSCORE II improve prediction of mortality in high-risk patients undergoing cardiac surgery : a collaborative analysis of two European centres?\nAnswer: The new EuroSCORE II does not improve risk prediction in high-risk patients undergoing adult cardiac surgery when compared with original additive and logistic EuroSCOREs. The key problem of risk stratification in high-risk patients has not been addressed by this new model. Future iterations of the score should explore more advanced statistical methods and focus on developing procedure-specific algorithms. Moreover, models that predict complications in addition to mortality may prove to be of increasing value.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}598{"query": "Question: Is penile Doppler ultrasound in men with stuttering priapism and sickle cell disease -- a labile baseline diastolic velocity a characteristic finding?\nAnswer: Men with SP had a unique baseline Doppler ultrasound waveform, with a low PR waveform and an elevated, variable cavernosal artery velocity. We propose that this may be the sonographic manifestation of a reduced, fluctuating smooth muscle tone and that PDU may have a role for diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring of SP.", "pos": "Question: Is a high normal thyroid-stimulating hormone associated with arterial stiffness , central systolic blood pressure , and 24-hour systolic blood pressure in males with treatment-naïve hypertension and euthyroid?\nAnswer: Treatment-naïve hypertensive males with high normal TSH and euthyroid showed higher arterial stiffness, central SBP, SVR, and SBP in ABPM and lower cardiac output and PP amplification as compared to the the low normal TSH group, but not females.", "neg": "Question: Does [ Sildenafil change coronary flow reserve in diabetics with erectile dysfunction ]?\nAnswer: Diabetics with erectile dysfunction often have a CFR in the lower range of normal. Sildenafil did not further reduce CFR. Asymptomatic, severe coronary artery disease often can be found in diabetics with erectile dysfunction. Cardiological screening for contraindications for sildenafil seems mandatory in diabetics with a high cardiovascular risk profile.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}599{"query": "Question: Does inhibition of mitochondrial permeability transition pore restore the cardioprotection by postconditioning in diabetic hearts?\nAnswer: The loss of cardioprotection by IPostC in diabetic state can be overcome by increasing the potency of protective IPostC through its co-application with mPTP inhibition.", "pos": "Question: Does mineralocorticoid Receptor Blockade improve Insulin Sensitivity in the Rat Heart and a Possible Molecular Mechanism?\nAnswer: The above results suggested that aldosterone promoted insulin resistance in the heart and that this effect could be partly reversed by MR blockade through signal transduction in the P38 MAPK pathway and PPARα.", "neg": "Question: Does tlr2 deficiency limit the development of left ventricular hypertrophy in a model of transverse aortic constriction induced pressure overload?\nAnswer: These data suggest that Tlr2 deficiency may promote the development of cardiac hypertrophy and ventricular remodeling after transverse aortic constriction.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}600{"query": "Question: Is botulinum injection useless on fibrotic neuropathic bladders?\nAnswer: Despite its worldwide usage and FDA approval, studies on the effectiveness of botulinumtoxin A on neuropathic bladders in children are controversial. There are now numerous studies attesting to the good results of BoNTA in neuropathic detrusor overactivity; however, only scarce reports comment on the specific features of the disease process among patients and reasons for failure in some. In our study, reviewing the urodynamic findings carefully, it was observed that the patients who did not respond to injections were the ones with no contractions, despite high pressures and low compliance. Therefore, describing the indications of BoNTA as neuropathic detrusor overactivity and urinary incontinence despite anticholinergic medications may lead to mistreatment of patients in the decompensated phase of a hyper-reflexive detrusor. Pretreatment urodynamic evaluation might be a good indicator, without biopsies, of estimating the degree of fibrosis and the patients who will benefit from the injection.", "pos": "Question: Are botulinum toxin injections for chronic sialorrhoea in children effective regardless of the degree of neurological dysfunction : A single tertiary institution experience?\nAnswer: Injection of BTX-A to the submandibular glands of children with neurological disorders is a safe procedure and results in a reduction in drooling in the majority of patients. Children with severe neurological dysfunction respond to BTX-A injections as effectively as their less impaired peers and the degree of response does not appear to be associated with the severity of neurological disability. BTX-A injection is a good initial procedure when drooling surgery is being considered.", "neg": "Question: Is botulinum toxin B an effective treatment of refractory overactive bladder?\nAnswer: BTX-B had a limited duration of action, with most of its symptomatically beneficial effects wearing off by 10 weeks in most of our patients. The short duration of action for BTX-B suggests it is unlikely to gain widespread use in the treatment of DO.", "instruction": "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question."}601