rpapun/HighlightGenerationUsingCatBoostRegressor

1Filename,Abstract,Predicted_Highlight21,In recent years irritability has received increasing attention among mental health professionals given its transdiagnostic associations with diverse forms of psychopathology . In contrast to other emotional states and traits however literature addressing associations between irritability and related temperament and personality constructs is limited . In addition those who study irritability have diverse perspectives on its neurobiological substrates . In this comment we situate irritability in the literatures on child temperament and adult personality and describe a model in which irritability derives from low tonic dopamine levels and low phasic DA reactivity in subcortical neural structures implicated in appetitive responding . We note that different findings often emerge in neuroimaging studies when irritability is assessed in circumscribed diagnostic groups versus representative samples . We conclude with directions for future research and propose that more authors use hierarchical Bayesian modeling which captures functional dependencies between irritability and other dispositional traits that standard regression models are insensitive too . Treatment implications are also considered .,We conclude with directions for future research and propose that more authors use hierarchical Bayesian modeling which captures functional dependencies between irritability and other dispositional traits that standard regression models are insensitive too . In this comment we situate irritability in the literatures on child temperament and adult personality and describe a model in which irritability derives from low tonic dopamine levels and low phasic DA reactivity in subcortical neural structures implicated in appetitive responding . Treatment implications are also considered .32,Treatments of neurodegenerative diseases are severely hampered by the presence of the blood brain barrier precluding efficient brain drug delivery . The development of drug nanocarriers aims at increasing the brain therapeutic index would represent a real progress in brain disease management . PEGylated polyester nanoparticles are intensively tested in clinical trials for improved drug delivery . Our working hypothesis was that some surface parameters and size of NPs could favor their penetration across the BBB and their neuronal uptake . Polymeric material PEG,Our working hypothesis was that some surface parameters and size of NPs could favor their penetration across the BBB and their neuronal uptake . Treatments of neurodegenerative diseases are severely hampered by the presence of the blood brain barrier precluding efficient brain drug delivery . The development of drug nanocarriers aims at increasing the brain therapeutic index would represent a real progress in brain disease management .43,The blood brain barrier prevents the permeability of drugs into the brain and as such limits the management of various brain diseases . To overcome this barrier drug encapsulating nanoparticles or vesicles drug conjugates and other types of drug delivery systems have been developed . However the brain targeting ability of nanoparticles or vesicles is still insufficient . Recently among the various brain targeting ligands previously studied for facilitating transcellular BBB transport several sugar appended nanocarriers for brain delivery were identified . Meanwhile cyclodextrins have been used as nanocarriers for drug delivery since they can encapsulate hydrophobic compounds with high biocompatibility . Therefore in this study we created various sugar appended cyclodextrins to discover novel brain targeting ligands . As a result of the six sugar appended CyDs lactose appended CyD showed greater cellular uptake in hCMEC D3 cells human brain microvascular endothelial cells than other sugar appended CyDs did . In addition the permeability of Lac CyD within the,In addition the permeability of Lac CyD within the Therefore in this study we created various sugar appended cyclodextrins to discover novel brain targeting ligands . Recently among the various brain targeting ligands previously studied for facilitating transcellular BBB transport several sugar appended nanocarriers for brain delivery were identified .54,Utilization of unique acidic environment in various disease sites has been quite advantageous in targeted drug delivery . Among the widely explored pH sensitive moieties such as hydrazone orthoester imine vinylether,Among the widely explored pH sensitive moieties such as hydrazone orthoester imine vinylether Utilization of unique acidic environment in various disease sites has been quite advantageous in targeted drug delivery .65,Drug delivery to the posterior segment of the eye is challenging due to several anatomical and physiological barriers . Thus there is a need for prolonged action and targeted drug delivery to treat retinal diseases . Intravitreal injections avoid anterior eye barriers but the vitreoretinal interface and inner limiting membrane may prevent access of drug delivery systems to the retina . Existing data on retinal permeation of intravitreal nanoparticles are sparse and probably misleading due to the inter species differences of retinal structures in rodents and humans . To bridge this gap retinal permeation of light activated liposomes was studied in an ex vivo bovine explant system that simulates the structure of vitreoretinal interface and intact ILM . Our findings indicate that the particle size plays a significant role in determining the retinal penetration as the liposomes of 100nm sized failed to overcome the ILM and could not permeate into the retina . In addition our results demonstrate the impact of surface charge and PEG coating on retinal penetration . Small anionic liposomes with PEG coating showed the most extensive distribution and cellular localization in the retina . In summary this study extends understanding of ocular barriers and provides valuable information to augment design of retinal drug delivery systems .,In addition our results demonstrate the impact of surface charge and PEG coating on retinal penetration . Intravitreal injections avoid anterior eye barriers but the vitreoretinal interface and inner limiting membrane may prevent access of drug delivery systems to the retina . Small anionic liposomes with PEG coating showed the most extensive distribution and cellular localization in the retina .76,Owing to their tremendous potential the inference of nano scaled materials has revolutionized many fields including the medicine and health particularly for development of various types of targeted drug delivery devices for early prognosis and successful treatment of various diseases including the brain disorders . Owing to their unique characteristic features a variety of nanomaterials have shown tremendous success in achieving the prognostic and therapeutic goals for early prognosis and treatment of various brain maladies such as Alzheimer s disease Parkinson s disease brain lymphomas and other ailments . However serious attention is needful due to innumerable after effects of the nanomaterials . Despite their immense contribution in optimizing the prognostic and therapeutic modalities biological interaction of nanomaterials with various body tissues may produce severe nanotoxicity of different organs including the heart liver kidney lungs immune system gastro intestinal system skin as well as nervous system . However in this review we have primarily focused on nanomaterials induced neurotoxicity of the brain . Following their translocation into different regions of the brain nanomaterials may induce neurotoxicity through multiple mechanisms including the oxidative stress DNA damage lysosomal dysfunction inflammatory cascade apoptosis genotoxicity and ultimately necrosis of neuronal cells . Our findings indicated that rigorous toxicological evaluations must be carried out prior to clinical translation of nanomaterials based formulations to avoid serious neurotoxic complications which may further lead to develop various neuro degenerative disorders .,However in this review we have primarily focused on nanomaterials induced neurotoxicity of the brain . Following their translocation into different regions of the brain nanomaterials may induce neurotoxicity through multiple mechanisms including the oxidative stress DNA damage lysosomal dysfunction inflammatory cascade apoptosis genotoxicity and ultimately necrosis of neuronal cells . However serious attention is needful due to innumerable after effects of the nanomaterials .87,As one of the deadliest diseases cancer frequently resists existing therapeutics because they do not target all cells within a progressing tumor for example both tumor stem and proliferating cells . This frequently results in enrichment of invasive and metastatic drug resistant tumor cells subpopulations cancer recurrence and eventually patient mortality . Thus there is an urgent need to identify specific markers by which the targeted imaging and or therapeutic guided missile like agents can specifically detect and or eradicate all cancer cells within a heterogeneous tumor while leaving the normal cells intact . As a member of heat shock protein 70 superfamily glucose regulated protein 78 has been documented as a molecular chaperone in the endoplasmic reticulum which mainly responds to ER stresses in normal cells . There is over expression of GRP78 on the surface of cancer cells and angiogenic endothelial cells which makes it a promising target for different types of peptides and antibodies that can be employed for targeted cancer therapy or imaging . In this review we discuss the biological processes functional importance and translocation mechanisms of cell surface GRP78 in tumor cells . As a cancer biomarker we also review the potential applications of csGRP78 targeted therapy and imaging and finally we suggest a brief roadmap ahead of csGRP78 targeting for targeted theranostic implications .,In this review we discuss the biological processes functional importance and translocation mechanisms of cell surface GRP78 in tumor cells . As a cancer biomarker we also review the potential applications of csGRP78 targeted therapy and imaging and finally we suggest a brief roadmap ahead of csGRP78 targeting for targeted theranostic implications . This frequently results in enrichment of invasive and metastatic drug resistant tumor cells subpopulations cancer recurrence and eventually patient mortality .98,Adeno associated virus is a promising vector for gene therapy but its broad tropism can be detrimental if the transgene being delivered is harmful when expressed ubiquitously in the body i.e . in non target tissues . Delivering the transgene of interest to target cells at levels high enough to be therapeutically effective while maintaining safety by minimizing delivery to off target cells is a prevalent challenge in the field of gene therapy . We have developed a protease activatable vector platform based on AAV9 that can be injected systemically to deliver therapeutic transgenes site specifically to diseased cells by responding to extracellular proteases present at the disease site . The provector platform consists of a peptide insertion into the virus capsid which disrupts the virus ability to bind to cell surface receptors . This peptide contains a blocking motif flanked on either side by cleavage sequences that are recognized by certain proteases . Exposure to proteases cleaves the peptides off the capsid activating or switching ON the provector . In response to the activation the provectors regain their ability to bind and transduce cells . Here we have designed a provector that is activated by cysteine aspartic proteases which have roles in inflammation and apoptosis and thus are elevated at sites of diseases such as heart failure neurodegenerative diseases and ischemic stroke . This provector demonstrates a 200 fold reduction in transduction ability in the OFF state compared to AAV9 reducing the virus ability to transduce off target healthy tissue . Following exposure to and proteolysis by caspase 3 the provector shows a 95 fold increase in transduction compared to the OFF state . The switchable transduction behavior was found to be a direct result of the peptide insertion ablating the ability of the virus to bind to cells . In vivo studies were conducted to characterize the biodistribution blood circulation time neutralizing antibody formation and targeted delivery ability of the caspase activatable provector in a model of heart failure .,The switchable transduction behavior was found to be a direct result of the peptide insertion ablating the ability of the virus to bind to cells . In vivo studies were conducted to characterize the biodistribution blood circulation time neutralizing antibody formation and targeted delivery ability of the caspase activatable provector in a model of heart failure . Following exposure to and proteolysis by caspase 3 the provector shows a 95 fold increase in transduction compared to the OFF state .109,The use of intraperitoneal administration of nanoparticles has been reported to facilitate higher concentrations of nanoparticles in metastatic peritoneal tumors . While this strategy is appealing for limiting systemic exposure of nanocarrier delivered toxic cargoes and increasing nanoparticle concentrations in avascular peritoneal tumors little is known about the mechanism of nanoparticle accumulation on tumor tissues and currently no nanoparticle based product has been approved for intraperitoneal delivery . Here we investigated the nanoparticle specific characteristics that led to increased peritoneal tumor accumulation using MCM 41 type mesoporous silica nanoparticles as our model system . We also investigated the components of the peritoneal tumor stroma that facilitated nanoparticle tumor interaction . The tumor extracellular matrix is the main factor driving these interactions specifically the interaction of nanoparticles with collagen . Upon disruption of the collagen matrix nanoparticle accumulation was reduced by 50 . It is also notable that the incorporation of targeting ligands did not increase overall tumor accumulation,We also investigated the components of the peritoneal tumor stroma that facilitated nanoparticle tumor interaction . Upon disruption of the collagen matrix nanoparticle accumulation was reduced by 50 . It is also notable that the incorporation of targeting ligands did not increase overall tumor accumulation1110,Osteoarthritis is a common degenerative disease involving numerous joint tissues and cells with a growing rate in prevalence that ultimately results in a negative social impact . Early diagnosis OA progression monitoring and effective treatment are of significant importance in halting OA process . However traditional imaging techniques lack sensitivity and specificity which lead to a delay in timely clinical intervention . Additionally current treatments only slow the progression of OA but have not meet the largely medical need for disease modifying therapy . In order to overcome the above mentioned problems and improve clinical efficacy nanotheranostics has been proposed on OA remedy which has confirmed success in animal models . In this review different imaging targets based nanoprobe for early and timely OA diagnosis is first discussed . Second therapeutic strategies delivered by nanosystem are summarized as much as possible . Their advantages and the potential for clinical translation are detailed discussed . Third nanomedicine simultaneously combined with the imaging for OA treatment is introduced . Nanotheranostics dynamically tracked the OA treatment outcomes to timely and individually adjust therapy . Finally future prospects and challenges of nanotechnology based OA diagnosis imaging and treatment are concluded and predicted . It is believed that nanoprobe and nanomedicine will become prospective in OA therapeutic revolution .,Nanotheranostics dynamically tracked the OA treatment outcomes to timely and individually adjust therapy . Third nanomedicine simultaneously combined with the imaging for OA treatment is introduced . In order to overcome the above mentioned problems and improve clinical efficacy nanotheranostics has been proposed on OA remedy which has confirmed success in animal models .1211,We review the challenges of next generation therapeutics for both systemic and localised delivery to brain tumours and discuss how recent engineering advances may be used to enhance brain penetration of systemic delivery therapies .,We review the challenges of next generation therapeutics for both systemic and localised delivery to brain tumours and discuss how recent engineering advances may be used to enhance brain penetration of systemic delivery therapies .1312,Most attempts to define life have concentrated on individual theories mentioning others hardly at all but here we compare all of the major current theories . We begin by asking how we know that an entity is alive and continue by describing the contributions of La Mettrie Burke Leduc Herrera Bahadur DArcy Thompson and especially Schrdinger whose book,We begin by asking how we know that an entity is alive and continue by describing the contributions of La Mettrie Burke Leduc Herrera Bahadur DArcy Thompson and especially Schrdinger whose book Most attempts to define life have concentrated on individual theories mentioning others hardly at all but here we compare all of the major current theories .1413,Excitability is an intrinsic feature of a living matter . A commonly accepted feature of an excitable medium is that a local excitation leads to a propagation of circular or spiral excitation wave fronts . This is indeed the case in fully excitable medium . However with a decrease of an excitability localised wave fragments emerge and propagate ballistically . Using FitzhHughNagumo model we numerically study how excitation wave fronts behave in a geometrically constrained medium and how the wave fronts explore a random planar graph . We uncover how excitability controls propagation of excitation in angled branches influences arrest of excitation entering a sudden expansion and determines patterns of traversing of a random planar graph by an excitation waves .,This is indeed the case in fully excitable medium . Using FitzhHughNagumo model we numerically study how excitation wave fronts behave in a geometrically constrained medium and how the wave fronts explore a random planar graph . We uncover how excitability controls propagation of excitation in angled branches influences arrest of excitation entering a sudden expansion and determines patterns of traversing of a random planar graph by an excitation waves .1514,The SBML standard is used in a number of online repositories for storing systems biology models yet there is currently no Web capable JavaScript library that can read and write the SBML format . This is a severe limitation since the Web has become a universal means of software distribution and the graphical capabilities of modern web browsers offer a powerful means for building rich interactive applications . Also there is a growing developer population specialized in web technologies that is poised to take advantage of the universality of the web to build the next generation of tools in systems biology and other fields . However current solutions require,Also there is a growing developer population specialized in web technologies that is poised to take advantage of the universality of the web to build the next generation of tools in systems biology and other fields . The SBML standard is used in a number of online repositories for storing systems biology models yet there is currently no Web capable JavaScript library that can read and write the SBML format . This is a severe limitation since the Web has become a universal means of software distribution and the graphical capabilities of modern web browsers offer a powerful means for building rich interactive applications .1615,This is a review of recent work on how the physics of evolution accounts for the origin changes and future of social systems . Evolution means the changes that happen with discernible direction in time . Changes are everywhere because physical features of freedom to change are in every moving and flowing system . With freedom comes evolution and with evolution come all these visible things movement change configurations diversity multiple scales and the universality of social organization phenomena such as human settlements hierarchy economics economies of scale and diminishing returns .,This is a review of recent work on how the physics of evolution accounts for the origin changes and future of social systems . Evolution means the changes that happen with discernible direction in time . Changes are everywhere because physical features of freedom to change are in every moving and flowing system .1716,The cytoskeleton of cilia and flagella is so called axoneme a stable cylindrical architecture of nine microtubule doublets . Axoneme performs periodic bending motion by utilizing specific dynein motor family powered by ATP hydrolysis . It is still unclear how this highly organized ciliary beat is being initiated and strongly coordinated by the combined action of hundreds dynein motors . Based on the experimental evidences we here elaborate a plausible scenario in which actually calcium ions play the roles of catalytic activators and coordinators of dynein attachments doing it in superposition with already known mechanical control tools of ciliary beat . Polyelectrolyte properties of microtubules incorporated in axoneme doublets enable the formation and propagation of soliton like ionic clouds of Ca,Polyelectrolyte properties of microtubules incorporated in axoneme doublets enable the formation and propagation of soliton like ionic clouds of Ca The cytoskeleton of cilia and flagella is so called axoneme a stable cylindrical architecture of nine microtubule doublets . Based on the experimental evidences we here elaborate a plausible scenario in which actually calcium ions play the roles of catalytic activators and coordinators of dynein attachments doing it in superposition with already known mechanical control tools of ciliary beat .1817,Bacterial essence of mitochondria and chloroplasts was initially proclaimed in general outline . Later the remarkable insight gave way to an elaborate hypothesis . Finally it took shape of a theory confirmed by molecular biology data . In particular the,Finally it took shape of a theory confirmed by molecular biology data . In particular the Bacterial essence of mitochondria and chloroplasts was initially proclaimed in general outline .1918,The endosymbiosis theory most widely accepted variant surmises the engulfment of a bacterial cell by an archaeal cell . For decades this scenario was reputed to be an unconfirmed hypothesis and only recently it has obtained an indirect proof in Asgard archaea environmental DNA encoding eukaryotic signaturesactin cytoskeleton small GTPases and ESCRT complex . In view of growing interest to this aspect of the endosymbiosis theory it seemed timely to revisit the basic terms eukaryotic cell eukaryotes nucleated organisms . The article highlights the ambiguous applications of these terms and seeks for their consistency with regard to phylogeny and taxonomy . Additionally new name Caryosignifera is proposed for the phylum represented by the underexplored Asgard archaea manifested by above mentioned environmental DNA cultured species of engulfing Asgard archaea eukaryotic host cells in nucleated organisms .,In view of growing interest to this aspect of the endosymbiosis theory it seemed timely to revisit the basic terms eukaryotic cell eukaryotes nucleated organisms . Additionally new name Caryosignifera is proposed for the phylum represented by the underexplored Asgard archaea manifested by above mentioned environmental DNA cultured species of engulfing Asgard archaea eukaryotic host cells in nucleated organisms . The endosymbiosis theory most widely accepted variant surmises the engulfment of a bacterial cell by an archaeal cell .2019,Fuzzy based self organizing aggregation method was suggested in the present study for swarm robots . In the suggested method Swarm robots evaluate their limited sensor input via rules of fuzzy logic and display aggregation behavior with the suggested aggregation method . In the meantime swarm robots also have the ability to escape the obstacles in a bounded arena with this method . Swarm robots perceive the neighboring robots with this method make individual decisions and display aggregation behaviors . Different from the traditional self organizing aggregation methods the suggested approach utilizes fuzzy logic controllers to evaluate limited sensor data . Systematic experiments were applied on different number of swarm robots with different detection areas in arenas of different sizes . Moreover noise was applied on the sensor inputs for examining the performance of the fuzzy logic based self organizing aggregation method . The scalability and flexibility of the self organizing aggregation behaviors of swarm robots were evaluated by way of systematic experiments . The swarm robots displayed aggregation behavior during the systematic experiments applied despite the changes in the number of robots and detection distances .,Moreover noise was applied on the sensor inputs for examining the performance of the fuzzy logic based self organizing aggregation method . Fuzzy based self organizing aggregation method was suggested in the present study for swarm robots . In the suggested method Swarm robots evaluate their limited sensor input via rules of fuzzy logic and display aggregation behavior with the suggested aggregation method .2120,Paces of change are faster in cultural evolution than in biological evolution due to different levels of stability in information storage . This study develops mathematical models to investigate the consequences of differential mutation rates on the ability of groups of information units to survive over many generations . We examined the ability of groups composed of connected units to live on despite the occurrence of deleterious mutations that occur at probabilities ranging from 10,We examined the ability of groups composed of connected units to live on despite the occurrence of deleterious mutations that occur at probabilities ranging from 10 This study develops mathematical models to investigate the consequences of differential mutation rates on the ability of groups of information units to survive over many generations . Paces of change are faster in cultural evolution than in biological evolution due to different levels of stability in information storage .2221,What is life and Erwin Schrdinger s answer negative entropy inspired researchers in the 20th century to unite physics chemistry and physiology into a new synthesis that many believe to be an important foundation for life science today . Decades after Schrdinger life scientists are still fascinated by the riddle that entropy can only accumulate in physical systems which often leads to biological deterioration and death but life finds ways to persist and prevail . So to say life negates entropy . Can this fascination and research concept be broadened even further to human culture Short after Schrdinger s publication Claude Shannon coined the term information entropy . Information entropy accumulates when noise interferes during communication . Eventually all useful information is lost . Yet from this observation something surprising can be inferred . Not only biological life but also cultural life has the ability to persist and prevail in spite of the accumulation of entropy . Does this insight mean that cultural life also negates entropy in Schrdinger s sense These questions guided me over several years of research during which I developed and tested a new theory of culture based on variation selection processes and homeostatic regulation . My contribution is to discover that these two processes not only make statements about biological life . They also explain some of the most important phenomena of culture returning fashions polarization diversification cycles of growth and reform and the formation of common ethos across entire bodies of knowledge . With access to big data and supercomputing I tested my theory against hundreds of thousands of news magazine articles books and TV transcripts as well as textual content collected from the social media . Historical institutional and geographical information was extracted from these data using a new method and new interactive tools were created to interpret the results . What should not be missed when reading this article is that the theory proposed here reveals a striking equivalence between nature and culture . The article states this equivalence in mathematical terms and contextualizes it in the history of science . The mathematical breakthrough is relevant because it aligns the humanities to science while also allowing for live evaluation of what I call cultural diversification cycles .,What should not be missed when reading this article is that the theory proposed here reveals a striking equivalence between nature and culture . The article states this equivalence in mathematical terms and contextualizes it in the history of science . They also explain some of the most important phenomena of culture returning fashions polarization diversification cycles of growth and reform and the formation of common ethos across entire bodies of knowledge .2322,Centrosome composed of two centrioles arranged in an orthogonal configuration is an indispensable cellular organelle for mitosis . 130 years after its discovery the structural functional relationship of centrosome is still obscure . Encouraged by the telltale signs of the Mouse and Magnet experiment Paul Schafer pioneered in the research on electromagnetism of centriole with electron microscopy in the late 1960s . Followed by the decades long slow progression of the field with sporadic reports indicating the electromagnetisms of mitosis . Piecing together the evidences we generated a mechanistic model for centrosome function during mitosis in which centrosome functions as an electronic generator . In particular the spinal rotations of centrioles transform the cellular chemical energy into cellular electromagnetic energy . The model is strongly supported by multiple experimental evidences . It offers an elegant explanation for the self organized orthogonal configuration of the two centrioles in a centrosome that is through the dynamic electromagnetic interactions of both centrioles of the centrosome .,Encouraged by the telltale signs of the Mouse and Magnet experiment Paul Schafer pioneered in the research on electromagnetism of centriole with electron microscopy in the late 1960s . Followed by the decades long slow progression of the field with sporadic reports indicating the electromagnetisms of mitosis . The model is strongly supported by multiple experimental evidences .2423,Promoter recognition is an important part of functional genomic annotation but a difficult problem . Many studies have been carried out to address this issue . However they still can not meet application needs . Most of the methods exhibit specificity and the objects analyzed are relatively simple especially for prokaryotes . Hence more research on prokaryotic promoters is lacking .,Most of the methods exhibit specificity and the objects analyzed are relatively simple especially for prokaryotes . Hence more research on prokaryotic promoters is lacking . Promoter recognition is an important part of functional genomic annotation but a difficult problem .2524,Intercellular calcium signaling allows cells to communicate with each other and to interact with adjacent cells . Gap junction is the most common and important way for cellular communication . Recently mathematical models have been widely used to gain a precise and quantitative understanding of the dynamics of intracellular calcium ions Ca,Gap junction is the most common and important way for cellular communication . Recently mathematical models have been widely used to gain a precise and quantitative understanding of the dynamics of intracellular calcium ions Ca Intercellular calcium signaling allows cells to communicate with each other and to interact with adjacent cells .2625,Here I use the rationale assuming that if of a certain trait that exerts its function in some aspect of the genetic code or more generally in protein synthesis it is possible to identify the evolutionary stage of its origin then it would imply that this evolutionary moment would be characterized by a high translational noise because this trait would originate for the first time during that evolutionary stage . That is to say if this trait had a non marginal role in the realization of the genetic code or in protein synthesis then the origin of this trait would imply that more generally it was the genetic code itself that was still originating . But if the genetic code were still originating at that precise evolutionary stage then this would imply that there was a high translational noise which in turn would imply that it was in the presence of a protocell i.e . a progenote that was by definition characterized by high translational noise . I apply this rationale to the mechanism of modification of the base 34 of the anticodon of an isoleucine tRNA that leads to the reading of AUA and AUG codons in archaea bacteria and eukaryotes . The phylogenetic distribution of this mechanism in these phyletic lineages indicates that this mechanism originated only after the evolutionary stage of the last universal common ancestor namely during the formation of cellular domains i.e . at the stage of ancestors of these main phyletic lineages . Furthermore given that this mechanism of modification of the base 34 of the anticodon of the isoleucine tRNA would result to emerge at a stage of the origin of the genetic code despite in its terminal phases then all this would imply that the ancestors of bacteria archaea and eukaryotes were progenotes . If so all the more so the LUCA would also be a progenote since it preceded these ancestors temporally . A consequence of all this reasoning might be that since these three ancestors were of the progenotes that were different from each other if at least one of them had evolved into at least two real and different cells basically different from each other then the number of cellular domains would not be three but it would be greater than three .,I apply this rationale to the mechanism of modification of the base 34 of the anticodon of an isoleucine tRNA that leads to the reading of AUA and AUG codons in archaea bacteria and eukaryotes . The phylogenetic distribution of this mechanism in these phyletic lineages indicates that this mechanism originated only after the evolutionary stage of the last universal common ancestor namely during the formation of cellular domains i.e . Furthermore given that this mechanism of modification of the base 34 of the anticodon of the isoleucine tRNA would result to emerge at a stage of the origin of the genetic code despite in its terminal phases then all this would imply that the ancestors of bacteria archaea and eukaryotes were progenotes .2726,A metapopulation model is investigated to explore how the spatial heterogeneity affects predatorprey interactions . A RosenzweigMacArthur predatorprey model with dispersal of both the prey and predator is formulated . We propose such a system as a well mixed spatial model . Here partially mixed spatial models are defined in which the dispersal of only one of the communities is considered . In our study the spatial heterogeneity is induced by dissimilar dispersal rates between the patches . A large difference between the predator dispersal rates may stabilize the unstable positive equilibrium of the model . The existence of two ecological phenomena are found under independent harvesting strategy stability switching and hydra effect . When prey or predator is harvested in a heterogenious environment a positive stable steady state becomes unstable with increasing the harvesting effort and a further increase in the effort leads to a stable equilibrium . Thus a stability switching happens . Furthermore the predator biomass in both the patches increases when the patch with a higher predator density is harvested resulting a hydra effect . These two phenomena do not occur in the non spatial RM model . Hence spatial heterogeneity induces stability switching and hydra effect .,The existence of two ecological phenomena are found under independent harvesting strategy stability switching and hydra effect . A RosenzweigMacArthur predatorprey model with dispersal of both the prey and predator is formulated . A large difference between the predator dispersal rates may stabilize the unstable positive equilibrium of the model .2827,The Predictive Processing Theory and its foundational Free Energy Principle provide a unifying theoretical groundwork that subsumes theories of perception cognition and action . Recently Colin Klein contends that PP FEP can not explain adaptive action with the same force that they deal with perceptions . In his answer to the objection Clark points out that FEP explains action desire and motivation on the basis of minimisation of energy . I argue that this answer begs the question of the unifying framework of FEP . I assume that FEP PP alone can not provide an ultimately compelling explanation of action . However I argue that when paired with a high level theory of psychology such as Theriault et al.s theory of social conformation in terms of the sense of should the coupled theories provide an inclusive symmetrical explanation of action . The symmetry of explanations is not a gap but a feature on this specific occasion .,In his answer to the objection Clark points out that FEP explains action desire and motivation on the basis of minimisation of energy . The symmetry of explanations is not a gap but a feature on this specific occasion . I argue that this answer begs the question of the unifying framework of FEP .2928,Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition is a natural and reversible process involved in embryogenesis wound healing and thought to participate in the process of metastasis . Multiple signals from the microenvironment have been reported to drive EMT . However the tight control of this process on physiological scenarios and how it is disrupted during cancer progression is not fully understood . Here we analysed a regulatory network of EMT accounting for 10 key microenvironment signals focusing on the impact of two cell contact signals on the reversibility of EMT and the stability of resulting phenotypes . The analysis showed that the microenvironment is not enough for stabilizing Hybrid and Amoeboid like phenotypes requiring intracellular de regulations as reported during cancer progression . Our simulations demonstrated that RPTP activation by cell contacts have the potential to inhibit the process of EMT and trigger its reversibility under tissue growth and chronic inflammation scenarios . Simulations also showed that hypoxia inhibits the capacity of RPTPs to control EMT . Our analysis further provided a theoretical explanation for the observed correlation between hypoxia and metastasis under chronic inflammation and predicted that de regulations in FAT4 signalling may promote Hybrid stabilization . Taken together we propose a natural control mechanism of EMT that supports the idea that EMT is tightly regulated by the microenvironment .,Here we analysed a regulatory network of EMT accounting for 10 key microenvironment signals focusing on the impact of two cell contact signals on the reversibility of EMT and the stability of resulting phenotypes . Taken together we propose a natural control mechanism of EMT that supports the idea that EMT is tightly regulated by the microenvironment . However the tight control of this process on physiological scenarios and how it is disrupted during cancer progression is not fully understood .3029,Waddingtons epigenetic landscape is a classic metaphor for describing the cellular dynamics during the development modulated by gene regulation . Quantifying Waddingtons epigenetic landscape by mathematical modeling would be useful for understanding the mechanisms of cell fate determination . A few computational methods have been proposed for quantitative modeling of landscape however to model and visualize the landscape of a high dimensional gene regulatory system with realistic details is still challenging . Here we propose a Monte Carlo method for modeling the Waddingtons epigenetic landscape of a gene regulatory network . The method estimates the probability distribution of cellular states by collecting a large number of time course simulations with random initial conditions . By projecting all the trajectories into a 2 dimensional plane of dimensions,Here we propose a Monte Carlo method for modeling the Waddingtons epigenetic landscape of a gene regulatory network . The method estimates the probability distribution of cellular states by collecting a large number of time course simulations with random initial conditions . By projecting all the trajectories into a 2 dimensional plane of dimensions3130,Single neurons in an autaptic culture exhibit various types of firing pattern with different firing durations and rhythms . However a neuron with autapses has often been modeled as an oscillator providing a monotonic firing pattern with a constant periodicity because of the lack of a mathematical model . In the work described in this study we use computational simulation and whole cell patch clamp recording to elucidate and model the mechanism by which such neurons generate various firing pattens . In the computational simulation three types of spontaneous firing pattern i.e . short long lasting and periodic burst firing patterns are realized by changing the combination ratio of,short long lasting and periodic burst firing patterns are realized by changing the combination ratio of In the computational simulation three types of spontaneous firing pattern i.e . In the work described in this study we use computational simulation and whole cell patch clamp recording to elucidate and model the mechanism by which such neurons generate various firing pattens .3231,This study investigates the effect of international migration experience on entrepreneurship in sending areas . To identify prosperous businesses that create jobs and encourage economic development this study isolates businesses other than street vending enterprises with non family employees . Retrospective life history data from the Mexican Migration Project was used to estimate the annual probability of becoming an entrepreneur across 170 Mexican communities between 1975 and 2017 . This study found that any prior migration experience increases the probability of entrepreneurial entry relative to non migrants accumulated months of migration experience are positively associated with the probability of entrepreneurial entry undocumented status is associated with a lower probability of entrepreneurial entry . The positive effect of accumulated migration experience on entrepreneurship suggests that international migrants can accumulate human and financial resources that are essential to early stage entrepreneurship . Thus entrepreneurship represents an important pathway through which international migration can encourage economic development in less developed regions . At the same time the results suggest that that immigration policies in receiving countries can undercut migrants capacities to mobilize resources and contribute to economic development upon return . These findings suggest that target migration creates a winwin by addressing labor shortages in receiving countries while transferring resources to sending areas that enable economic mobility and development .,This study investigates the effect of international migration experience on entrepreneurship in sending areas . This study found that any prior migration experience increases the probability of entrepreneurial entry relative to non migrants accumulated months of migration experience are positively associated with the probability of entrepreneurial entry undocumented status is associated with a lower probability of entrepreneurial entry . At the same time the results suggest that that immigration policies in receiving countries can undercut migrants capacities to mobilize resources and contribute to economic development upon return .3332,We adopt a complementary methods approach to investigate whether and how heterogeneity in individual returns to a public good affects public good provision . We engage smallholder farmers in Sri Lanka in a one shot framed lab in the field experiment within which the farmers rates of return to the public good are exogenously varied and a survey including a question about the farmers willingness to contribute time to the construction of a specific hypothetical public good the return from which for a given farmer would depend on his or her circumstances in everyday life . In the former we find weak evidence that heterogeneity in individual returns increases contributions . In the latter we find that those facing a higher return would contribute more but no evidence that heterogeneity has an effect either way at the group level . We conclude that heterogeneity in returns does not explain why collective action remains a challenge in farming communities in developing countries . From a methodological point of view we find that using complementary methods provides a more balanced account of communities potential engagement in public good provision,In the latter we find that those facing a higher return would contribute more but no evidence that heterogeneity has an effect either way at the group level . In the former we find weak evidence that heterogeneity in individual returns increases contributions . From a methodological point of view we find that using complementary methods provides a more balanced account of communities potential engagement in public good provision3433,Who participates in modern agricultural value chains and what determinants inform HVM participation remains a question of interest to researchers and policymakers . This issue is noteworthy because of the positive welfare effects of HVM participation . In this article we review the empirical literature on determinants influencing HVM participation . We use quantitative descriptive statistics and,In this article we review the empirical literature on determinants influencing HVM participation . This issue is noteworthy because of the positive welfare effects of HVM participation . We use quantitative descriptive statistics and3534,On the eve of the 50th anniversary of the founding of the CGIAR this paper revisits the genesis of the international center model for agricultural research . This model became fashionable in the 1960s and was arguably the major institutional innovation of the 20th century for foreign assistance to agriculture . While the founding of the first IARCs is universally attributed to the Rockefeller and Ford Foundations we argue that based on new evidence the creation of the IARCs was a logical conclusion of a process involving many actors that began immediately after World War I . First we review FAO efforts to build regional and global research networks for the major cereals in the immediate post WWII period . These networks linked closely to USDA and its legacy of scientific collaboration across US states that together with the Foundations strongly influenced the design of the first two international centers for the major cereals . In Latin America the various efforts by the US National Academy of Sciences the US government and the countries of the region resulted in the creation of three centers for tropical agriculture with a broader research focus on farming systems and natural resources . Finally we show how the establishment of four IARCs in Africa in different ways drew on a colonial legacy that had moved toward centralization of research across colonial territories since before WWII . All of these efforts over many decades involved a good deal of experimentation in organization funding and governance to arrive at the standard IARC model that emerged . By the late 1960s the genesis of another six IARCs was already in place stimulating the creation of the CGIAR to fund and coordinate the IARCs . The review concludes with a brief reflection on the successes and challenges of the IARC model over 50years and its relevance today .,On the eve of the 50th anniversary of the founding of the CGIAR this paper revisits the genesis of the international center model for agricultural research . This model became fashionable in the 1960s and was arguably the major institutional innovation of the 20th century for foreign assistance to agriculture . The review concludes with a brief reflection on the successes and challenges of the IARC model over 50years and its relevance today .3635,Community centered development has gained renewed interest as a means of providing aid to fragile states . This paper aims to explore how CCD aid projects in a fragile state are shaped by distinctive ideologies . Using document reviews stakeholder interviews and spatial analysis this paper analyzes two aid projects in Myanmar the Korean government supported,Using document reviews stakeholder interviews and spatial analysis this paper analyzes two aid projects in Myanmar the Korean government supported This paper aims to explore how CCD aid projects in a fragile state are shaped by distinctive ideologies . Community centered development has gained renewed interest as a means of providing aid to fragile states .3736,Developing countries are highly vulnerable to the COVID 19 pandemic in part due to the lack of international support for ensuring progress towards the 17 Sustainable Development Goals . Yet the mounting financial burden faced by all countries means that additional support is unlikely to be forthcoming in the near future . It is critical that developing countries find innovative policy mechanisms to achieve sustainability and development aims in a cost effective manner . This requires identifying affordable policies that can yield immediate progress towards several SDGs together and aligns economic incentives for longer term sustainable development . We identify three policies that meet these criteria a fossil fuel subsidy swap to fund clean energy investments and dissemination of renewable energy in rural areas reallocating irrigation subsidies to improve water supply sanitation and wastewater infrastructure and a tropical carbon tax which is a levy on fossil fuels that funds natural climate solutions . Such innovative and cost effective policy mechanisms do not require substantial external support and they foster greater progress towards achieving the SDGs in poorer economies .,Developing countries are highly vulnerable to the COVID 19 pandemic in part due to the lack of international support for ensuring progress towards the 17 Sustainable Development Goals . Yet the mounting financial burden faced by all countries means that additional support is unlikely to be forthcoming in the near future . It is critical that developing countries find innovative policy mechanisms to achieve sustainability and development aims in a cost effective manner .3837,This article discusses the prospects for forging new social contracts in highly fragile and conflict affected countries . Building on analytical insights from the political settlements and state fragility literature conceptualising peacebuilding processes as efforts to forge social contracts enables us to address the roles of governments social groups citizens and external stakeholders . We discuss the potential for peacebuilding processes to realise social contracts by assessing societal perceptions of the core public good that citizens expect the state to provide namely protection . We address two cases where stateness was destroyed by foreign intervention and civil war Iraq and Libya . We discuss the troubled recent trajectories of efforts to build peace in Iraq and Libya along the substantive spatial and temporal dimensions of the social contract . Drawing on interviews survey results and estimates of civilian casualties we take a bottom up perspective of their societies experiences and expectations regarding protection . We conclude that in both countries the provision of protection by the state and others runs counter to the expectations of significant parts of the population . At the national level major social groups have been unable to overcome mutual distrust while continued threats to physical security reduce the prospects that any social contract able to deliver other public goods can ever emerge . Existing political settlements in both countries have rewarded the politicization of ethno sectarian identity and have benefited economic war lordism . We conclude that as social contracts at the national level are unlikely to emerge the consequences of de facto break ups of both countries must be acknowledged if social contracts at sub national levels are to have any chance of delivering peace .,We discuss the troubled recent trajectories of efforts to build peace in Iraq and Libya along the substantive spatial and temporal dimensions of the social contract . We conclude that in both countries the provision of protection by the state and others runs counter to the expectations of significant parts of the population . This article discusses the prospects for forging new social contracts in highly fragile and conflict affected countries .3938,The COVID 19 pandemic has hit at a time when microfinance is at its historical peak with an estimated 139 million microfinance customers globally . Cambodias microfinance sector is one of the fastest growing and like others in the Global South has moved from offering entrepreneurial capital to everyday liquidity and even disaster relief . In this Viewpoint however we argue that the promotion of microfinance as market based relief and recovery from the pandemic should be a source of concern not comfort . We firstly suggest that as a result of the health and economic impacts associated with COVID 19 credit taking is likely to escalate further in terms of the number of borrowers and loan amounts . Second we contend that a growing reliance on MFIs will leave households undernourished and further vulnerable to its disciplining and extractive impulses . Third we argue that the interplay between over indebtedness pre existing malnutrition challenges and the global public health crisis of COVID 19 represents a major challenge to gender equality and sustainable development . Coordination between the Cambodian government microfinance lenders international investors and development partners is vital to offer debt relief . Furthermore to reverse the reliance of so many households on the microfinance industry for survival inclusive socio economic policies and public welfare services must be prioritised .,We firstly suggest that as a result of the health and economic impacts associated with COVID 19 credit taking is likely to escalate further in terms of the number of borrowers and loan amounts . Third we argue that the interplay between over indebtedness pre existing malnutrition challenges and the global public health crisis of COVID 19 represents a major challenge to gender equality and sustainable development . Coordination between the Cambodian government microfinance lenders international investors and development partners is vital to offer debt relief .4039,Indias progressive Right to Information Act is a global model . The RTIA was adopted a decade and a half ago to serve as a check on corruption and to advance democracy citizen equity and public accountability . Little primary research has been conducted on the implementation of the RTIA . This research employs a socio political and technocratic framework to study influences on RTIA implementation over time from the citizen requester demand side and the governmental supply side from an institutional development process perspective . Our constructivist approach utilizes in depth semi structured interviews from frequent information requesters and information commissioners,Little primary research has been conducted on the implementation of the RTIA . This research employs a socio political and technocratic framework to study influences on RTIA implementation over time from the citizen requester demand side and the governmental supply side from an institutional development process perspective . The RTIA was adopted a decade and a half ago to serve as a check on corruption and to advance democracy citizen equity and public accountability .4140,Agricultural labor productivity remains low in China . The unique land tenure system and fast growing land rental market in China provides a new perspective in understanding the ALP problem . This study investigates the impact of participation in the land rental market on operator households agricultural labor productivity in rural China . Using national representative farm level data propensity matching score and mediation analysis we find that farm households ALP has improved about 43 after renting in farmland . The mediation analysis reveals that farm size in cultivation family farm labor input and capital services input are mediating variables through which land rental affects ALP . The indirect effect of land rental on labor productivity is mainly through the single variable mediation path namely farm size and family farm labor input . Additionally the two variable mediation path is through farm size and capital services input farm size and family farm labor input .,This study investigates the impact of participation in the land rental market on operator households agricultural labor productivity in rural China . The indirect effect of land rental on labor productivity is mainly through the single variable mediation path namely farm size and family farm labor input . The unique land tenure system and fast growing land rental market in China provides a new perspective in understanding the ALP problem .4241,This contribution analyzes the social impacts of participatory approaches introduced by international development agencies and the Chinese central government on dam resettlement in China . By analyzing resettlement villages in Yunnan Province we first explore the complex ways in which local governments implemented one specific participatory approach namely the right for dam resettlers to choose between self or government organized resettlement . We examine the reactions and specific responses of dam migrants to this participatory approach and probe how this right to choose testifies to political rationalities that convey a narrow understanding of participation and shift responsibility for resettlement outcomes from the state to households . Secondly we highlight the ways in which migrant households navigate the new participatory approach and its impacts on post resettlement livelihoods . We notably highlight how the right to choose reshuffled pre resettlement social and power relations between local authorities and self and government resettlers . Our study demonstrates first that in Chinas socialist governmentality participatory approaches create liberal and socialist dam migrant subjectivities . The former cope with various disincentives and are successfully responsibilized and turned into obedient subjects . The latter are incentivized to be obedient and responsible but instead frequently challenge the local state . Second households which have decided to self organize their resettlement in line with liberal rationalities are socially and economically marginalized regardless of their earlier social status . By applying a governmentality analytics this study thus provides a nuanced picture of processes of marginalization and contestation in the course of dam induced resettlement . Instead of running along the lines of rich and poor marginalization through participation cuts across the economic divide and can better be explained by differentiating between liberal and socialist subjects .,This contribution analyzes the social impacts of participatory approaches introduced by international development agencies and the Chinese central government on dam resettlement in China . Instead of running along the lines of rich and poor marginalization through participation cuts across the economic divide and can better be explained by differentiating between liberal and socialist subjects . We notably highlight how the right to choose reshuffled pre resettlement social and power relations between local authorities and self and government resettlers .4342,The expansion of large scale non discretionary social policy has been one of the most important policy innovations in Latin America in recent decades . While these benefits have reduced the political manipulation of low income citizens discretionary social programswhose distribution follows opaque criteria and are often allocated according to political considerationscontinue to exist . Employing an original survey in Mexico we explore how citizens both beneficiaries and non beneficiaries experience and perceive access to discretionary social programs . While the literature on clientelism emphasizes the distribution of discretionary benefits by party agents in exchange for electoral support a number of recent studies have found that access to discretionary social benefits can also operate through community associations or interest organizations . We conducted a list experiment in our survey to detect whether in the experience or perception of the respondent social benefits are allocated on the basis of partisan campaign support or organizational participation . Our findings reveal that organizational brokerage is at least as important as the much studied role of party mediated clientelism for access to discretionary benefits .,We conducted a list experiment in our survey to detect whether in the experience or perception of the respondent social benefits are allocated on the basis of partisan campaign support or organizational participation . Our findings reveal that organizational brokerage is at least as important as the much studied role of party mediated clientelism for access to discretionary benefits . Employing an original survey in Mexico we explore how citizens both beneficiaries and non beneficiaries experience and perceive access to discretionary social programs .4443,Food systems are important sites of economic stress political response and adaptation . Access to food is also an important marker of how well a society distributes its wealth reflecting the state of political accountability economic redistribution and the societys level of commitment to uphold the right to food . The COVID 19 pandemic has exposed the interconnected weaknesses of our food social and economic systems and offers lessons for building more just and resilient food systems . We focus on three lessons learned anew in the pandemic food insecurity both reflects and reinforces inequity food workers are essential yet treated as sacrificial and racialized migrant food workers face unique forms of inequity . These lessons chosen for their ethical salience global relevance and political urgency show how interconnected inequities revealed by the pandemic are undermining resilience . We conclude with specific policy recommendations for redress both within and beyond food systems . This will not be the final global pandemic nor is it the only shock that regions are currently experiencing . COVID 19 is an opening to think about how societies might center justice and equity in efforts to build back better . Governments should take this opportunity to invest in structural changes to reduce persistent inequities in food access due to poverty health outcomes decent work and overall wellbeing especially for racialized communities and migrants .,Access to food is also an important marker of how well a society distributes its wealth reflecting the state of political accountability economic redistribution and the societys level of commitment to uphold the right to food . The COVID 19 pandemic has exposed the interconnected weaknesses of our food social and economic systems and offers lessons for building more just and resilient food systems . We conclude with specific policy recommendations for redress both within and beyond food systems .4544,Several countries in Africa have either deployed or considering using digital contact tracing as part of their Covid 19 containment strategy amidst calls for the use of technology to improve the efficiency of traditional contact tracing . We discuss some of the complexities entailed in using DCT in Africa . Adopting a socio technical perspective we argue that if DCT design and deployment are not well thought out it can lead to unintended consequences particularly in a continent like Africa with disproportionate levels of digital divides and other structural inequalities . We suggest that any adoption of DCT by African countries must take account of their compatibility with local resources values social structure and domestic political factors . Accordingly we propose a process of,We discuss some of the complexities entailed in using DCT in Africa . We suggest that any adoption of DCT by African countries must take account of their compatibility with local resources values social structure and domestic political factors . Accordingly we propose a process of4645,The novel coronavirus disease 2019 developed into a pandemic on March 11 . COVID 19 not only brought life crisis but also incurred psychological stress tension anxiety fear and despair among affected populations . How to help people overcome traumatic stress reactions and get out of psychological crisis has become a public concern that needs to be resolved in time . This article reported the psychological responses caused by the COVID 19 epidemic in China based on relevant experience and studies . The anti epidemic measures of self quarantine and social distancing were deployed to contain the spread of COVID 19 but inevitably caused a certain extent of side effect frustration and anxiety in the general public . Especially the front line medical rescue staff and COVID 19 patients were more susceptible to developing psychological disorders . Correspondingly adaptive strategies and public health policies were rapidly implemented in China to deal with outbreak caused mental stress . The psychological impact of COVID 19 and coping strategies adopted in China provided warning and reference for countries that are and going to be affected by this natural disaster .,The anti epidemic measures of self quarantine and social distancing were deployed to contain the spread of COVID 19 but inevitably caused a certain extent of side effect frustration and anxiety in the general public . This article reported the psychological responses caused by the COVID 19 epidemic in China based on relevant experience and studies . The psychological impact of COVID 19 and coping strategies adopted in China provided warning and reference for countries that are and going to be affected by this natural disaster .4746,This paper studies child health focusing on differences in anthropometric outcomes between Christians and non Christians in India . The non Christian group includes Hindus and Muslims . Estimates indicate that young Christian children are less likely to be stunted as compared to similar aged children of Hindu and Muslim identities . The Christian relative advantage is particularly pronounced for girls . Using representative data on child health outcomes and information on the location of Protestant and Catholic missions differences in the relative timing of establishment of missions in the same area political crises that mission establishing countries were engaged in during India s colonial history and historical information from the 1901 Census we find that Christian girls are significantly less likely to be stunted as compared to similarly aged non Christian girls . We find no relative stunting advantage for Christian boys which we attribute to son preference and patriarchy among Hindus in particular . An analysis of explanatory mechanisms indicates that elementary and higher education schools as well as hospitals pharmacies and print shops associated with the advent of Christianity improved the relative human capital of women with subsequent long term implications for young Christian girls in India today . Our results survive a series of robustness and specification checks .,Using representative data on child health outcomes and information on the location of Protestant and Catholic missions differences in the relative timing of establishment of missions in the same area political crises that mission establishing countries were engaged in during India s colonial history and historical information from the 1901 Census we find that Christian girls are significantly less likely to be stunted as compared to similarly aged non Christian girls . This paper studies child health focusing on differences in anthropometric outcomes between Christians and non Christians in India . The non Christian group includes Hindus and Muslims .4847,Smallholder farmers in developing countries often suffer from high risk and limited market access . Contract farming may improve the situation under certain conditions . Several studies analyzed effects of contracts on smallholder productivity and income with mixed results . Most existing studies focused on one particular contract scheme . Contract characteristics rarely differ within one scheme so little is known about how different contract characteristics may influence the benefits for smallholders . Here we address this research gap using data from oil palm farmers in Ghana who participate in different contract schemes . Some of the farmers have simple marketing contracts while others have resource providing contracts where the buyer also offers inputs and technical services on credit . A comparison group cultivates oil palm without any contract . Regression models that control for selection bias show that resource providing contracts increase farmers input use and yield . Resource providing contracts also incentivize higher levels of specialization and an increase in the scale of production . These effects are especially pronounced for small and medium sized farms . In contrast the marketing contracts have no significant effects on input use productivity and scale of production . The results suggest that resource providing contracts alleviate market access constraints while simple marketing contracts do not in this context .,Resource providing contracts also incentivize higher levels of specialization and an increase in the scale of production . In contrast the marketing contracts have no significant effects on input use productivity and scale of production . The results suggest that resource providing contracts alleviate market access constraints while simple marketing contracts do not in this context .4948,This study examines whether the flow of information pertaining to COVID 19 helps to contain the pandemic . We capture the information flow of the pandemic using the Google Search Volume Index for the keyword,We capture the information flow of the pandemic using the Google Search Volume Index for the keyword This study examines whether the flow of information pertaining to COVID 19 helps to contain the pandemic .5049,We study the effect of spatial inequality on economic activity . Given that the relationship is highly simultaneous in nature we use exogenous variation in geographic features to construct an instrument for spatial inequality which is independent from any man made factors . Our instruments are inequality measures based on grid level data for existing countries as well as for artificial countries . In the construction of the instrumental variable we use both a parametric regression analysis as well as a random forest classification algorithm . Our IV regressions show a significant negative relationship between spatial inequality and economic activity . This result holds if we control for country level averages of different geographic variables . Therefore we conclude that geographic heterogeneity is an important determinant of economic activity .,We study the effect of spatial inequality on economic activity . In the construction of the instrumental variable we use both a parametric regression analysis as well as a random forest classification algorithm . This result holds if we control for country level averages of different geographic variables .5150,Despite the firm consensus that income inequality is intrinsically undesirable its impact on economic growth is much disputed . We posit that the relationship between income inequality and economic growth is conditioned by the level of equality of opportunity . Our testable hypothesis is simple in societies where opportunities are unequally distributed where the material circumstances of parents act as binding constraints on the opportunities available to their children income inequality exerts a greater drag on future growth . In contrast in societies with a more equal distribution of opportunities an increase in income inequality can be more easily reversed and need not constrain investment opportunities and growth . We identify equality of opportunity with intergenerational mobility that is the degree of the correlation between parents attainments and childrens attainments . We use several recently developed internationally comparable measures of intergenerational mobilityincluding the World Banks comprehensive GDIM databaseto confirm that the negative impact of income inequality on growth is higher the lower is intergenerational mobility . Our results suggest that omitting intergenerational mobility leads to misspecification shedding light on why the empirical literature on income inequality and growth has been so inconclusive .,We posit that the relationship between income inequality and economic growth is conditioned by the level of equality of opportunity . We identify equality of opportunity with intergenerational mobility that is the degree of the correlation between parents attainments and childrens attainments . We use several recently developed internationally comparable measures of intergenerational mobilityincluding the World Banks comprehensive GDIM databaseto confirm that the negative impact of income inequality on growth is higher the lower is intergenerational mobility .5251,Illegal economic activities are not only associated with higher levels of violent crime they may also increase unforeseen risks and cause other negative unintended consequences for populations . This paper investigates the causal effects of illegal gold mining on malaria incidence . For this purpose I employ unique Colombian satellite data with the location of illegal gold mines matched to municipal governmental health reports on the number of malaria cases . To identify causal effects I use preexisting geochemical gold anomalies as an instrumental variable for illegal gold production . I find positive and large effects of illegal gold mining on malaria incidence . My estimates suggest that when an area containing illegal gold mines increases by 1hectare the annual parasite index for malaria increases by 1.04 cases per 100 000 inhabitants .,This paper investigates the causal effects of illegal gold mining on malaria incidence . For this purpose I employ unique Colombian satellite data with the location of illegal gold mines matched to municipal governmental health reports on the number of malaria cases . I find positive and large effects of illegal gold mining on malaria incidence .5352,One of the immediate responses to COVID 19 has been a call to ban wildlife trade given the suspected origin of the pandemic in a Chinese market selling and butchering wild animals . There is clearly an urgent need to tackle wildlife trade that is illegal unsustainable or carries major risks to human health biodiversity conservation or meeting acceptable animal welfare standards . However some of the suggested actions in these calls go far beyond tackling these risks and have the potential to undermine human rights damage conservation incentives and harm sustainable development . There are a number of reasons for this concerns . First calls for bans on wildlife markets often include calls for bans on wet markets but the two are not the same thing and wet markets can be a critical underpinning of informal food systems . Second wildlife trade generates essential resources for the worlds most vulnerable people contributing to food security for millions of people particularly in developing countries . Third wildlife trade bans have conservation risks including driving trade underground making it even harder to regulate and encouraging further livestock production . Fourth in many cases sustainable wildlife trade can provide key incentives for local people to actively protect species and the habitat they depend on leading to population recoveries . Most importantly a singular focus on wildlife trade overlooks the key driver of the emergence of infectious diseases habitat destruction largely driven by agricultural expansion and deforestation and industrial livestock production . We suggest that the COVID 19 crisis provides a unique opportunity for a paradigm shift both in our global food system and also in our approach to conservation . We make specific suggestions as to what this entails but the overriding principle is that local people must be at the heart of such policy shifts .,First calls for bans on wildlife markets often include calls for bans on wet markets but the two are not the same thing and wet markets can be a critical underpinning of informal food systems . Most importantly a singular focus on wildlife trade overlooks the key driver of the emergence of infectious diseases habitat destruction largely driven by agricultural expansion and deforestation and industrial livestock production . We suggest that the COVID 19 crisis provides a unique opportunity for a paradigm shift both in our global food system and also in our approach to conservation .5453,Migrant workers play a significant role in the economy of Bangladesh pumping approximately USD15 billion into the economy that directly contributes to the socio economic development of Bangladesh every year . These workers and their dependents are in a socially vulnerable and economically difficult situation due to the dire impacts of the COVID 19 . Migrant workers from Bangladesh in other countries are facing adverse impacts such as unemployment short working hours isolation poor quality of living social discrimination and mental pressure while their dependents at home are facing financial crisis due to the limited or reduced cash flow from their working relatives . A significant number of migrant workers have been sent back to Bangladesh and many are in constant fear of being sent back due to the impacts of COVID 19 in their host countries . Thus COVID 19 intensifies numerous socio economic crises such as joblessness consumption of reserve funds by family members and shrinking of the countrys remittance inflow . In this situation the most urgent and important need is to give financial security and social safety to the workers abroad and those who have returned to Bangladesh . Apart from diplomatic endeavors to maintain the status quo of policy the government of Bangladesh may take initiatives to provide financial support to these workers as a short term strategy to overcome hardships during the pandemic and design a comprehensive plan with a detailed database of all migrant workers to create a need based and skilled workforce as a long term solution . These strategies can mitigate the impacts of COVID 19 at present and address migration related problems in future .,These strategies can mitigate the impacts of COVID 19 at present and address migration related problems in future . Migrant workers play a significant role in the economy of Bangladesh pumping approximately USD15 billion into the economy that directly contributes to the socio economic development of Bangladesh every year . Apart from diplomatic endeavors to maintain the status quo of policy the government of Bangladesh may take initiatives to provide financial support to these workers as a short term strategy to overcome hardships during the pandemic and design a comprehensive plan with a detailed database of all migrant workers to create a need based and skilled workforce as a long term solution .5554,Payments for Ecosystem Services are now a prominent policy instrument for conserving tropical forests . PES are voluntary direct and contractual an ES buyer pays an ES steward for adopting conservation practices for a fixed term . A defining feature of PES is its quid pro quo conditionality e.g . stewards are paid only if they deliver contracted conservation outcomes . Most studies on PES effectiveness focus on the,Most studies on PES effectiveness focus on the A defining feature of PES is its quid pro quo conditionality e.g . PES are voluntary direct and contractual an ES buyer pays an ES steward for adopting conservation practices for a fixed term .5655,Burkina Fasos 2008 Bt cotton adoption was Africas largest genetically modified crop introduction principally for small farmers and became its most celebrated success story . In 2016 however Burkina Faso announced an abrupt phase out of Bt cotton citing millions of dollars of losses due to inferior lint quality . In hindsight quality issues were conspicuously absent from the success narrative particularly given that cotton sector actors were aware of problems for a decade . Recent data also reveal significantly lower yield gains and substantial inequalities between farmers further questioning the success story and the evaluation literature it relied upon . Why and how was such a faulty and incomplete success narrative produced and promoted To answer this we draw on extended fieldwork conducted over ten years in Burkina Faso to critically examine how the knowledge used to build this success narrative was produced . We first scrutinize the evaluation literature pointing out flaws and blindspots in the methodologies and reporting of findings . We then extend our analysis drawing on political ecology and critical science studies to focus on the power relations of knowledge production . We focus on three themes and show how the political economic context favored the production of positive results with Monsanto holding substantial power over the evaluation process the narrow epistemologies of agronomic evaluation produced apolitical knowledge that overlooked how local level power dynamics shaped data collection and in at least two cases the returns accrued by smaller scale Bt cotton farmers the knowledge produced via these processes was used to accrue material benefits to Monsanto and helped to promote GM crops across the continent . We conclude that future GM crop evaluations should be more self reflexive critical and transparent in how power shapes the evaluation process and agricultural outcomes for differentiated farmers .,We first scrutinize the evaluation literature pointing out flaws and blindspots in the methodologies and reporting of findings . We then extend our analysis drawing on political ecology and critical science studies to focus on the power relations of knowledge production . We focus on three themes and show how the political economic context favored the production of positive results with Monsanto holding substantial power over the evaluation process the narrow epistemologies of agronomic evaluation produced apolitical knowledge that overlooked how local level power dynamics shaped data collection and in at least two cases the returns accrued by smaller scale Bt cotton farmers the knowledge produced via these processes was used to accrue material benefits to Monsanto and helped to promote GM crops across the continent .5756,The United Nations 2030 Sustainable Development Goals agenda has been hailed as the most comprehensive and integrated framework for addressing the twin challenges of global environmental change and global development . This all encompassing framework has provided a unique intersection for inter and trans disciplinary critical research and scholarship aimed at interrogating and improving public policy . Nevertheless there are crucial premises underpinning the agenda that have rarely been interrogated or subjected to explicit scrutiny . As a consequence much of the analytical work focusing on the SDGs their targets indicators and the interrelations between these replicates these premises with problematic implications . We demonstrate that the,We demonstrate that the As a consequence much of the analytical work focusing on the SDGs their targets indicators and the interrelations between these replicates these premises with problematic implications . The United Nations 2030 Sustainable Development Goals agenda has been hailed as the most comprehensive and integrated framework for addressing the twin challenges of global environmental change and global development .5857,Conventional microfinance institutions can promote financial inclusion but they also prompt ethical concerns regarding the social consequences of commercialization and high interest rates . Islamic MFIs which adhere to Sharias prohibition of,Conventional microfinance institutions can promote financial inclusion but they also prompt ethical concerns regarding the social consequences of commercialization and high interest rates . Islamic MFIs which adhere to Sharias prohibition of5958,In the context of the major potential impacts of COVID 19 on agriculture and agricultural trade in developing countries this Viewpoint discusses the advantages of adopting a conceptual framework previously used to discuss the impact of the HIV AIDS pandemic on agriculture and rural livelihoods . The framework is made up of two pairs of linked concepts 1 Susceptibility or the chance of an individual becoming infected 2 Resistance or the ability of an individual to avoid infection 3 Vulnerability or the likelihood of significant impacts occurring at individual household or community level and 4 Resilience the active responses that enable people to avoid the worst impacts of an epidemic at different levels or to recover faster to a level accepted as normal . This framework allows the clear formulation of key questions for COVID 19 factors in the labor process itself that make people more or less susceptible broader socio economic and biophysical determinants of susceptibility factors that make farm households food enterprises and value chains more vulnerable to the impacts of the pandemic and aspects of COVID 19 responses by governments and the private sector that might increase vulnerability . Brief examples of susceptibility of value chain operations and of their vulnerability to COVID 19 lockdown measures are given . A focus on resistance and resilience encourages investigation of local level responses by communities and NGOs which with appropriate monitoring and learning could be scaled up .,In the context of the major potential impacts of COVID 19 on agriculture and agricultural trade in developing countries this Viewpoint discusses the advantages of adopting a conceptual framework previously used to discuss the impact of the HIV AIDS pandemic on agriculture and rural livelihoods . This framework allows the clear formulation of key questions for COVID 19 factors in the labor process itself that make people more or less susceptible broader socio economic and biophysical determinants of susceptibility factors that make farm households food enterprises and value chains more vulnerable to the impacts of the pandemic and aspects of COVID 19 responses by governments and the private sector that might increase vulnerability . The framework is made up of two pairs of linked concepts 1 Susceptibility or the chance of an individual becoming infected 2 Resistance or the ability of an individual to avoid infection 3 Vulnerability or the likelihood of significant impacts occurring at individual household or community level and 4 Resilience the active responses that enable people to avoid the worst impacts of an epidemic at different levels or to recover faster to a level accepted as normal .6059,Remote areas are often characterized by lower welfare outcomes due to economic disadvantages and higher transaction costs for trade . But their poorer situation may also be linked to worse public service delivery . Relying on large household surveys in rural Ethiopia we explore this by assessing the association of two measures of remoteness the distance of service centers to district capitals and the distance of households to service centers with public service delivery in agriculture and health sectors . In the agriculture sector we document statistically significant and economically meaningful associations between exposure to agriculture extension and the two measures of remoteness . For health extension only the last mile matters . These differences between the two sectors could be due to the fact that more remote villages tend to have fewer agriculture extension workers who also put in fewer hours than their peers in more connected areas . This does not apply in the health sector . These findings provide valuable inputs for policymakers aiming to improve inclusiveness in poor rural areas .,In the agriculture sector we document statistically significant and economically meaningful associations between exposure to agriculture extension and the two measures of remoteness . Relying on large household surveys in rural Ethiopia we explore this by assessing the association of two measures of remoteness the distance of service centers to district capitals and the distance of households to service centers with public service delivery in agriculture and health sectors . This does not apply in the health sector .6160,Womens patterns of time use which proxy the work burdens associated with productive and reproductive activities are an important determinant of nutrition and well being in LMICs . However there is a lack of empirical evidence on how patterns of time use translate into patterns of physical activity and energy expenditure particularly in rural areas where seasonal agricultural labour plays such an important role . We address this gap by integrating energy expenditure data derived from wearable tri axial accelerometers with time use data from conventional recall based surveys . Using datasets from agricultural households in four rural communities in India and Nepal our results show that there are significant gender differences in the patterns of time use and energy expenditure . Men and women participate equally in productive work however women shoulder most of the additional reproductive work burdens in rural households at the expense of leisure opportunities . Our results provide insights into womens responses to opportunities for productive work and highlight the nature of trade offs they face .,Men and women participate equally in productive work however women shoulder most of the additional reproductive work burdens in rural households at the expense of leisure opportunities . Our results provide insights into womens responses to opportunities for productive work and highlight the nature of trade offs they face . Womens patterns of time use which proxy the work burdens associated with productive and reproductive activities are an important determinant of nutrition and well being in LMICs .6261,In India the government launched a US 22.6 billion financial support package for the poor and marginalized as a result of Covid 19 . Approximately US 4.2 billion came from a vast pile of unspent social special purpose funds . How and why did such a large volume of funds accumulate in the first place and why did it take a public health emergency to release them What might be the consequences of their use under such emergency conditions especially for our understanding of governance and accountability in social welfare provision,In India the government launched a US 22.6 billion financial support package for the poor and marginalized as a result of Covid 19 . How and why did such a large volume of funds accumulate in the first place and why did it take a public health emergency to release them What might be the consequences of their use under such emergency conditions especially for our understanding of governance and accountability in social welfare provision Approximately US 4.2 billion came from a vast pile of unspent social special purpose funds .6362,Universal access to safe drinking water will require an investment of over 140 billion in capital expenditures to meet the targets set by the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals . The World Bank estimates that recurring operations and maintenance costs for basic water and sanitation services will rise from about 4 billion to over 30 billion per year by 2030 significantly outweighing capital costs for basic WASH services . Yet available funding from regional national and international sources regularly prioritizes capital investment in new water infrastructure leading to significant unfunded operation and maintenance mandates for service providers operating in low income settings where consumer payments can not practically cover operating costs . Capital maintenance is deferred leading to poor utility financial performance and decreased service for water customers . In this paper we present indicative funding models valuation of existing assets and expenditures of four medium sized urban water utilities in low middle and high income communities representing a broad range of operating contexts . Yet we find common operating challenges . None of the four utilities are spending enough on capital maintenance to sustain service levels and we find that the gap between the life cycle costs of water service delivery and associated revenues of water services ranges from 1 to 17 per customer each year . Discounting life cycle costs by service and coverage levels further widens the funding gap . All utilities would need additional funding to reach universal access with full coverage of life cycle costs ranging from 6 of budgets to nearly 8 times current funding levels . This would not be economically or politically feasible through tariffs alone which are already currently subsidized in all contexts . The contribution of progressive tax monies to subsidize services is taken for granted in high income contexts and unavailable in poorer ones that must rely on insufficient and irregular foreign aid or national budget allocations in strained economies . These findings contrast with a commonly shared view in the global development sector that local or at minimum regional financial sustainability of water supplies is achievable . Consequently our findings suggest that national governments and international donors should acknowledge that long term support of local water service delivery is both necessary appropriate and likely more cost effective than current funding models .,In this paper we present indicative funding models valuation of existing assets and expenditures of four medium sized urban water utilities in low middle and high income communities representing a broad range of operating contexts . None of the four utilities are spending enough on capital maintenance to sustain service levels and we find that the gap between the life cycle costs of water service delivery and associated revenues of water services ranges from 1 to 17 per customer each year . Discounting life cycle costs by service and coverage levels further widens the funding gap .6463,The map presented in this brief note summarizes regional differences in population age structures between the NUTS 3 regions of Europe in the context of unequal age and sex specific death risks associated with the spread of the COVID 19 pandemic . Since older people are exposed to much higher death risks older populations are expected to face much more difficult challenges coping with the pandemic . The urban rural dimension turns out to be very important as the remote rural areas are also the oldest . In the map NUTS 3 regions of Europe are colored according to the deviation from European pooled estimate of the proportion of population at risk of death due to COVID 19 . We assume that 5 6 of the populations get infected and experience age specific infection fatality ratios modelled by the Imperial College COVID 19 Response Team . We adjust IFRs by sex ratios of age specific case fatality ratios observed in the European countries that are included in the COVerAGE DB . Thus we effectively introduce a summary measure of population age structures focused on the most vulnerable to the pandemic . Such an estimate for the total European population is 1 . The map reflects the unequal population age structures rather than the precise figures on COVID 19 fatality . It is a case if scenario that highlights the possible effect of the population age structures a demographic perspective . This analysis clearly shows the contribution of regional differences in population age structures to the magnitude of the pandemic other things equal we expect to see a four fold variation in average regional infection fatality ratios across Europe due only to differences in the population structures .,Thus we effectively introduce a summary measure of population age structures focused on the most vulnerable to the pandemic . It is a case if scenario that highlights the possible effect of the population age structures a demographic perspective . We assume that 5 6 of the populations get infected and experience age specific infection fatality ratios modelled by the Imperial College COVID 19 Response Team .6564,Dairy polar lipids seem to exhibit antiplatelet effects . However it is not known what molecular species may be responsible . In this study we confirmed using C30 reversed phase ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution accurate mass tandem mass spectrometry that fermentation of yoghurts from ovine milk using specific starter cultures altered the PL composition . These lipid alterations occurred concomitant with increased antithrombotic properties of the yoghurts PL fractions against platelet activating factor and thrombin induced platelet aggregation . Specifically elevation in phosphatidylethanolamine sphingomyelin phosphatidylcholine and their molecular species were observed following yoghurt fermentation . Furthermore PC PE SM and several other molecular species were significantly inversely correlated with the inhibition of PAF and thrombin . These molecular species were abundant in the most bioactive yoghurts fermented by,Furthermore PC PE SM and several other molecular species were significantly inversely correlated with the inhibition of PAF and thrombin . These lipid alterations occurred concomitant with increased antithrombotic properties of the yoghurts PL fractions against platelet activating factor and thrombin induced platelet aggregation . These molecular species were abundant in the most bioactive yoghurts fermented by6665,Peptidyl post translational modifications could influence the final quality of processed meat . In this study the peptide oxidative phenomena in Spanish dry cured ham,Peptidyl post translational modifications could influence the final quality of processed meat . In this study the peptide oxidative phenomena in Spanish dry cured ham6766,Food allergens that cause anaphylactic reactions have become an important health problem worldwide . Among them shrimp is a popular seafood in many cuisines . The best way to avoid allergic reactions is to mitigate the intake of food allergens . In this study a loop mediated isothermal amplification assay was developed for the detection of shrimp DNA . Using LAMP primers the identification of shrimp DNA by the LAMP assay was specific and rapid . It exhibited no cross reaction with the DNA of other Crustacea including crabs and lobster and at least 0.01 shrimp DNA existed in the test sample . Additionally the sensitivity of LAMP for detecting shrimp DNA was 100 fold greater than that of conventional PCR . LAMP for the detection of shrimp DNA was reproducible regardless of whether the genomic DNA was extracted from boiled steamed or roasted shrimp samples . In summary the LAMP assay established herein not only could be potentially used for diagnosing shrimp DNA but could also be applicable for identifying shrimp allergens in commercial food products in marketplaces .,In this study a loop mediated isothermal amplification assay was developed for the detection of shrimp DNA . Additionally the sensitivity of LAMP for detecting shrimp DNA was 100 fold greater than that of conventional PCR . Using LAMP primers the identification of shrimp DNA by the LAMP assay was specific and rapid .6867,The objectives of the present work were to investigate the influence of Gum Arabic on the physicochemical properties and ultra high temperature processability of lactoglobulin stabilized,The objectives of the present work were to investigate the influence of Gum Arabic on the physicochemical properties and ultra high temperature processability of lactoglobulin stabilized6968,The present work describes a novel and rapid approach for evaluating total phenolic compounds in tea and fruits using colorimetric spots and the digital image based method . Colorimetric spots were formed by reacting diazotized aminobenzenes namely sulfanilic acid sulfanilamide or aniline with TPCs in the extract to form an azo dye . The limit of detection was 6.5 5.5 or 5.1mg GAE L,The present work describes a novel and rapid approach for evaluating total phenolic compounds in tea and fruits using colorimetric spots and the digital image based method . The limit of detection was 6.5 5.5 or 5.1mg GAE L Colorimetric spots were formed by reacting diazotized aminobenzenes namely sulfanilic acid sulfanilamide or aniline with TPCs in the extract to form an azo dye .7069,This paper describes a simple efficient and rapid analytical method for extraction and determination of nitrite in meat and chicken products by vortex assisted supramolecular solvent based liquid phase microextraction prior to spectrophotometric detection . The SUPRAS was rapidly formed by the addition of a colloidal decanoic acid suspension to tetrahydrofuran . The validation studies were carried out in terms of linearity limit of detection limit of quantitation matrix effects robustness uncertainty measurement precision accuracy and certified reference material analysis using optimized experimental conditions . The LOD LOQ linearity and matrix effect were 0.035ngmL,This paper describes a simple efficient and rapid analytical method for extraction and determination of nitrite in meat and chicken products by vortex assisted supramolecular solvent based liquid phase microextraction prior to spectrophotometric detection . The SUPRAS was rapidly formed by the addition of a colloidal decanoic acid suspension to tetrahydrofuran . The LOD LOQ linearity and matrix effect were 0.035ngmL7170,Polyphosphates are permitted as food additives but their undeclared utilisation is considered fraudulent . They improve water holding capacity of the seafood preventing biochemical physical changes during commercialization . The key objective of this study was the detection of polyphosphate in various seafood categories by means of high performance ion exchange chromatography with suppressed conductometry coupled to Q Exactive Orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry . Ten frozen cuttlefish samples did not reveal any treatment while in ten frigate tunas high concentration of orthophospate was found . Unambiguous hexametaphosphate presence was demonstrated in four prawn samples while triphosphate was quantified in another four prawn samples that contained orthophosphate as well . Other samples sporadically encompassed polyphosphates profiles that varied according species and processing type . This analytical approach provided sustenance in better understanding regarding utilization of polyphosphates through HRMS fingerprinting of anionic species that would be specific in food safety control .,The key objective of this study was the detection of polyphosphate in various seafood categories by means of high performance ion exchange chromatography with suppressed conductometry coupled to Q Exactive Orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry . They improve water holding capacity of the seafood preventing biochemical physical changes during commercialization . Ten frozen cuttlefish samples did not reveal any treatment while in ten frigate tunas high concentration of orthophospate was found .7271,Different baking conditions were used in order to evaluate its effects on bread aspects . Doughs were baked at 160 190 and 220C during 9 12 15 and 20min and characterized in relation to color change oxalate and mineral concentration and protein digestibility . The higher the baking temperature and time the higher the crust color change the lower the oxalate concentration and the higher the amount of some macro minerals . Protein digestibility may also be favored however it does not follow a linear correlation . Although it is not possible to obtain a condition that favors the content of all minerals protein digestibility and reduces oxalate content the use of high temperatures and times is important as it can reduce oxalate and thereby prevent its associated problems . Understanding how to optimize it during baking could be used to produce breads with a higher mineral bioavailability an important strategy for food industry and also when using alternative flours .,The higher the baking temperature and time the higher the crust color change the lower the oxalate concentration and the higher the amount of some macro minerals . Although it is not possible to obtain a condition that favors the content of all minerals protein digestibility and reduces oxalate content the use of high temperatures and times is important as it can reduce oxalate and thereby prevent its associated problems . Doughs were baked at 160 190 and 220C during 9 12 15 and 20min and characterized in relation to color change oxalate and mineral concentration and protein digestibility .7372,The conjugate prepared from epigallocatechin gallate and soy protein isolate under alkaline and aerobic conditions was analyzed using a Nano LC Q Orbitrap MS MS technique . The sulfhydryl and free amino groups of SPI were involved in covalent binding . Fifty one peptides were conjugated with EGCG . Fifty nine modified sites were identified located on Cys His Arg and Lys respectively . It is the first time to confirm that each of the two phenolic rings of EGCG contained a reactive site that bound to an amino acid residue . The amino acid residue reactivity amino acid sequence and composition affected the EGCG binding site in SPI . Lys and Arg residues are the most likely sites for modification and modification appears to reduce IgE binding . This study is helpful to elucidate the pattern of covalent binding of polyphenols to proteins in food systems and provides a theoretical basis for the directional modification of soy proteins with polyphenols .,This study is helpful to elucidate the pattern of covalent binding of polyphenols to proteins in food systems and provides a theoretical basis for the directional modification of soy proteins with polyphenols . The sulfhydryl and free amino groups of SPI were involved in covalent binding . It is the first time to confirm that each of the two phenolic rings of EGCG contained a reactive site that bound to an amino acid residue .7473,Tofu gel was made by using citric acid in combination with varied volumetric ratios of nano fish bone . The gel properties were investigated by colorimetry penetration tests scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy . As the volumetric ratio increased from 0 to 3 the soluble calcium concentrations of soymilk linearly increased from 1.78 to 6.42mg mL . Correspondently yield moisture and texture values of the tofu gel increased continuously while syneresis and whiteness decreased . Furthermore ionic bonds hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonds increased by 140 40 and 10 respectively . With the addition of NFB the helices of the soybean proteins changed to sheets and random coil structures . Additionally the tofu gel network became more orderly and denser . The results confirmed that NFB can be utilized as a functional coagulant ingredient to improve the properties of acid induced tofu gels .,With the addition of NFB the helices of the soybean proteins changed to sheets and random coil structures . Correspondently yield moisture and texture values of the tofu gel increased continuously while syneresis and whiteness decreased . Additionally the tofu gel network became more orderly and denser .7574,Oil foams that are based on oleogels are stabilized by the presence of crystalline particles at the air bubble surface and in bulk . The size of crystalline particles is an important parameter in oil foam stabilization . The creation process can tune its properties . The aim of this study was to determine the effect of altering the weight ratio between long chain fatty acids and fatty alcohols on the oil foam . Two optimal weight ratios R 7 3 and R 8 2 for which mixed crystals were present produced the best foams in terms of overrun foam firmness and foam stability . R not only affected the crystal size but also the number of crystalline particles present in the oleogel . Mixed crystals help to produce and stabilize the foams . We highlighted that there is a link between the oleogel stability and hardness with their resulting oleofoam properties .,The aim of this study was to determine the effect of altering the weight ratio between long chain fatty acids and fatty alcohols on the oil foam . Oil foams that are based on oleogels are stabilized by the presence of crystalline particles at the air bubble surface and in bulk . R not only affected the crystal size but also the number of crystalline particles present in the oleogel .7675,Coumarins derivatives of cinnamic acid are found in wines aged in wooden barrels . The lab made molecularly imprinted polymers selective for simple coumarins were used in three forms as sorbents in solid phase extraction cartridge or pipette tip and coated on to the surface of magnetite for magnetic extraction . MIP 7 hydroxycoumarin had greater selectivity and extraction efficiency compared with conventional SPE sorbents . Batch extraction with MIP coated on to magnetic particles was relatively time consuming compared with conventional and pipette tip SPE . The advantage of pipette tip SPE was reduced solvent volumes . LOQs for MISPE offline coupled with HPLC were less than 1.5gmL,The advantage of pipette tip SPE was reduced solvent volumes . Batch extraction with MIP coated on to magnetic particles was relatively time consuming compared with conventional and pipette tip SPE . Coumarins derivatives of cinnamic acid are found in wines aged in wooden barrels .7776,The two phase technology for olive oil extraction generates large amounts of pat olive cake a by product that is rich in bioactive health promoting compounds . Here response surface methodology was used to maximize supercritical CO,The two phase technology for olive oil extraction generates large amounts of pat olive cake a by product that is rich in bioactive health promoting compounds . Here response surface methodology was used to maximize supercritical CO7877,Hot peppers are sensitive to low temperature and seed browning significantly reduces the fruit quality . This study aims to clarify the mechanisms of seed browning in terms of metabolite changes . Metabolites were analysed during a 30 day storage period at 2C and 10C . Gamma aminobutyric acid tyrosine phenylalanine and isoleucine concentrations were significantly higher at 2C storage than at 10C . Reactive oxygen species generation was associated with seed browning . Transcription of jasmonic acid synthesis and ROS scavenging genes were higher in hot peppers stored at 2C than those stored at 10C . This study elucidated the mechanisms underlying seed browning and chill damage in hot peppers during storage at low temperatures and our findings may help improve hot peppers quality following harvesting .,This study aims to clarify the mechanisms of seed browning in terms of metabolite changes . Hot peppers are sensitive to low temperature and seed browning significantly reduces the fruit quality . This study elucidated the mechanisms underlying seed browning and chill damage in hot peppers during storage at low temperatures and our findings may help improve hot peppers quality following harvesting .7978,This study aimed to investigate the difference between ginger slices and splits during microwave vacuum drying procedures . MVD ginger slices showed a higher shrinkage rate and a higher hardness value with a more porous structure of the surface layer . MVD ginger splits had higher rehydration rates at the first 15min of the rehydration . Nine optimal wavelengths were selected by regression coefficients from the partial least squares regression model based on the raw data . A simplified PLSR model based on optimal wavelengths showed a good performance with a coefficient of determination in prediction,MVD ginger slices showed a higher shrinkage rate and a higher hardness value with a more porous structure of the surface layer . MVD ginger splits had higher rehydration rates at the first 15min of the rehydration . A simplified PLSR model based on optimal wavelengths showed a good performance with a coefficient of determination in prediction8079,This work reports a new method to evaluate the antioxidant capacity of infusions and beverages based on superoxide radicals . Radicals produced by the enzymatic reaction between acetylcholinesterase and hypoxanthine oxidized antioxidant molecules present in commercially available samples or standard solutions which was monitored by means of cyclic voltammetry using a carbon paste electrode . The Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity of red wine coffee and green tea determined using this method were and respectively . This method suggested TEAC,This work reports a new method to evaluate the antioxidant capacity of infusions and beverages based on superoxide radicals . The Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity of red wine coffee and green tea determined using this method were and respectively . This method suggested TEAC8180,Insects represent a novel source of edible high nutritional value proteins which are gaining increasing interest as an alternative to traditional animal foods . In this work cricket flour was used to produce gluten free sourdough breads suitable for celiac people and source of proteins . The doughs were fermented by different methods and pH and microbial growth volatile compounds protein profile and antioxidant activity before and after baking were analyzed and compared to standard gluten free doughs . The results showed that cricket enriched doughs and the standard had similar fermentation processes . Cricket enrichment conferred to the breads a typical flavoring profile characterized by a unique bouquet of volatile compounds made by nonanoic acid 2 4 nonadienal 1 hexanol 1 heptanol and 3 octen 2 one expressed in different amounts depending on the type of inoculum . Finally antioxidant activities were significantly enhanced in cricket breads indicating that cricket powder provides to bakery gluten free goods high nutritional value proteins and antioxidant properties .,Cricket enrichment conferred to the breads a typical flavoring profile characterized by a unique bouquet of volatile compounds made by nonanoic acid 2 4 nonadienal 1 hexanol 1 heptanol and 3 octen 2 one expressed in different amounts depending on the type of inoculum . In this work cricket flour was used to produce gluten free sourdough breads suitable for celiac people and source of proteins . The results showed that cricket enriched doughs and the standard had similar fermentation processes .8281,Tempeh a traditional Indonesian soybean product produced by fermentation is especially popular because of its umami taste . In this study a novel umami peptide GENEEEDSGAIVTVK was identified in the small peptide fraction of the water extract of tempeh using LC MS MS analysis and database assisted identification . The umami taste of GK 15 was further validated using sensory evaluation which suggested that GK 15 may be one of the key components contributing to the umami taste in tempeh . To rationalize the biological effect of GK 15 molecular docking of GK 15 into the,In this study a novel umami peptide GENEEEDSGAIVTVK was identified in the small peptide fraction of the water extract of tempeh using LC MS MS analysis and database assisted identification . To rationalize the biological effect of GK 15 molecular docking of GK 15 into the The umami taste of GK 15 was further validated using sensory evaluation which suggested that GK 15 may be one of the key components contributing to the umami taste in tempeh .8382,In this study metabolomics and proteomics were employed to investigate the change mechanism of nonvolatile compounds during white tea processing . A total of 99 nonvolatile compounds were identified among which the contents of 13 free amino acids caffeine theaflavins 7 nucleosides and nucleotides and 5 flavone glycosides increased significantly while the contents of theanine catechins theasinesins 3 proanthocyanidins and phenolic acids decreased significantly during the withering period . The results of proteomics indicated that the degradation of proteins accounted for the increase in free amino acid levels the weakened biosynthesis in addition to oxidation also contributed to the decrease in flavonoid levels the degradation of ribonucleic acids contributed to the increase in nucleoside and nucleotide levels during the withering period . In addition the drying process was found to slightly promote the formation of white tea taste . Our study provides a novel characterization of white tea taste formation during processing .,In addition the drying process was found to slightly promote the formation of white tea taste . In this study metabolomics and proteomics were employed to investigate the change mechanism of nonvolatile compounds during white tea processing . The results of proteomics indicated that the degradation of proteins accounted for the increase in free amino acid levels the weakened biosynthesis in addition to oxidation also contributed to the decrease in flavonoid levels the degradation of ribonucleic acids contributed to the increase in nucleoside and nucleotide levels during the withering period .8483,Mass spectrometry based methods coupled with stable isotope dilution have become effective and widely used methods for the detection and quantification of food allergens . Current methods target signature peptides resulting from proteolytic digestion of proteins of the allergenic ingredient . The choice of appropriate stable isotope labelled internal standard is crucial given the diversity of encountered food matrices which can affect sample preparation and analysis . We propose the use of concatemer an artificial and stable isotope labelled protein composed of several concatenated signature peptides as internal standard . With a comparative analysis of three matrices contaminated with four allergens the concatemer approach was found to offer advantages associated with the use of labelled proteins ideal but unaffordable and circumvent certain limitations of traditionally used synthetic peptides as internal standards . Although used in the proteomic field for more than a decade concatemer strategy has not yet been applied for food analysis .,We propose the use of concatemer an artificial and stable isotope labelled protein composed of several concatenated signature peptides as internal standard . With a comparative analysis of three matrices contaminated with four allergens the concatemer approach was found to offer advantages associated with the use of labelled proteins ideal but unaffordable and circumvent certain limitations of traditionally used synthetic peptides as internal standards . Current methods target signature peptides resulting from proteolytic digestion of proteins of the allergenic ingredient .8584,The reasons for the change in the water retention capability of salted pork caused by potassium chloride instead of sodium chloride were investigated . Accompanied by the gradually increased substitution rate of KCl the oxidative degradation of protein water content water activity a,The reasons for the change in the water retention capability of salted pork caused by potassium chloride instead of sodium chloride were investigated . Accompanied by the gradually increased substitution rate of KCl the oxidative degradation of protein water content water activity a8685,Fermented camel milk possesses a weak gel structure . We aimed to 1 investigate the characteristics bioactivities and rheological properties of the exopolysaccharide produced by,We aimed to 1 investigate the characteristics bioactivities and rheological properties of the exopolysaccharide produced by Fermented camel milk possesses a weak gel structure .8786,Aflatoxins are potent carcinogens present in numerous crops . Access to accurate methods for evaluating contamination is a critical factor in aflatoxin risk assessment . Versicolorin A a precursor of aflatoxin B,Versicolorin A a precursor of aflatoxin B Access to accurate methods for evaluating contamination is a critical factor in aflatoxin risk assessment . Aflatoxins are potent carcinogens present in numerous crops .8887,During wheat cultivation glyphosate based herbicides are recommended to be applied a week prior to harvest during the ripe stage of physiological maturity . However some grains may not be at this physiological stage due to non uniform maturation within the field . The goal of this study was to determine the effect of glyphosate based herbicide timing on the chemistry of wheat gluten proteins and shikimic acid accumulation . The results of the study indicate that pre harvest glyphosate application does not impact the amino acid composition protein secondary structure or gluten protein composition . However pre harvest glyphosate application decreased the molecular weight of SDS extractable and unextractable proteins and significantly increased the amount of shikimic acid accumulation especially when applied early . Thus this study indicates that pre harvest use of glyphosate based herbicides can cause significant differences in wheat protein chemistry and shikimic acid levels especially when applied earlier than recommended emphasizing the importance of timely application .,The goal of this study was to determine the effect of glyphosate based herbicide timing on the chemistry of wheat gluten proteins and shikimic acid accumulation . Thus this study indicates that pre harvest use of glyphosate based herbicides can cause significant differences in wheat protein chemistry and shikimic acid levels especially when applied earlier than recommended emphasizing the importance of timely application . However pre harvest glyphosate application decreased the molecular weight of SDS extractable and unextractable proteins and significantly increased the amount of shikimic acid accumulation especially when applied early .8988,The aim of this work was to study the effect of thickness of samples air velocity and infrared power on the drying kinetics and quality attributes of blanched eggplant slices during infrared drying . The drying experiments were made by Response Surface Methodology based on a BoxBehnken design . Experiments were conducted at a thickness of 3 5 and 7mm air velocity of 0.5 1.25 and 2m s as well as at infrared power 1000 1500 and 2000W . The drying time was affected by operating parameters . The drying processes increased total phenolic content and potassium content significantly . The total color difference,The aim of this work was to study the effect of thickness of samples air velocity and infrared power on the drying kinetics and quality attributes of blanched eggplant slices during infrared drying . The drying experiments were made by Response Surface Methodology based on a BoxBehnken design . The total color difference9089,Zero salted yellow alkaline noodles were immersed in solutions of resistant starch HYLON VII or fruit coating Semperfresh containing a range of salt between 10 and 30 . The objective was to evaluate the effect of salt coatings on the textural handling cooking and sensory properties of YAN . Increasing salt in the coatings caused a reduction in optimum cooking time cooking loss and increase in cooking yield . The mechanical and textural parameters sensory hardness springiness and overall sensory acceptability of the salt coated noodles however decreased with increasing salt application . HC Na10 and SC Na10 showed the highest textural and mechanical parameters sensory hardness and springiness . The differences in the parameters were attributed mainly to the water absorption properties of starch that was affected by salt application . Thus the quality of salt coated noodles was dependent mainly on the amounts of salt applied in the coatings rather than on the types of coatings used .,The objective was to evaluate the effect of salt coatings on the textural handling cooking and sensory properties of YAN . Thus the quality of salt coated noodles was dependent mainly on the amounts of salt applied in the coatings rather than on the types of coatings used . The differences in the parameters were attributed mainly to the water absorption properties of starch that was affected by salt application .9190,A magnetic porous organic framework was rationally designed and served as a sorbent for magnetic solid phase extraction of six nitroimidazoles from chicken meat prior to their assay by high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection . The M POF exhibited good magnetic responsiveness and outstanding affinity to nitroimidazoles with large adsorption capacity up to 36mgg,The M POF exhibited good magnetic responsiveness and outstanding affinity to nitroimidazoles with large adsorption capacity up to 36mgg A magnetic porous organic framework was rationally designed and served as a sorbent for magnetic solid phase extraction of six nitroimidazoles from chicken meat prior to their assay by high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection .9291,Thermal processing is a traditional method for processing hawthorn into food or medicine . In this study the compositions of free and bound phenolic compounds in raw hawthorn were analyzed by ultra performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry and the effect of thermal processing on phenolics and antioxidant activity was determined . Among the phenolics identified in unheated hawthorn 26 were soluble while only 10 were insoluble bound . Thermal processing caused a significant reduction in total soluble phenolics content but an increase in total insoluble bound phenolics,In this study the compositions of free and bound phenolic compounds in raw hawthorn were analyzed by ultra performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry and the effect of thermal processing on phenolics and antioxidant activity was determined . Among the phenolics identified in unheated hawthorn 26 were soluble while only 10 were insoluble bound . Thermal processing caused a significant reduction in total soluble phenolics content but an increase in total insoluble bound phenolics9392,Phytosterols are a group of sterols distributed in foods and plants where it is prone to oxidation . In this work we studied the reaction mechanism of phytosterols using density functional theory calculation and experimental methods to study the photooxidation of phytosterols . Under LED light illumination experimental photooxidation of these phytosterols gives rise to the prior three kind oxides of phytosterol 6 OH 7 OH and 7 OH . The mechanistic investigations by DFT suggest that singlet oxygen,In this work we studied the reaction mechanism of phytosterols using density functional theory calculation and experimental methods to study the photooxidation of phytosterols . The mechanistic investigations by DFT suggest that singlet oxygen Under LED light illumination experimental photooxidation of these phytosterols gives rise to the prior three kind oxides of phytosterol 6 OH 7 OH and 7 OH .9493,Illegal usage of agonists as the animal growth promoters can lead to multiple harmful impacts to public health thus detection of agonists at trace level in complex sample matrixes is of great importance . In recent years emergence of advanced nanomaterials greatly facilitates the advancement of sensors in terms of sensitivity specificity and robustness . Plenty of nanoparticles based sensors have been developed for agonists determination . In this review we comprehensively summarized the construction of emerging nanoparticles based sensors and nanomaterial based enzyme linked immunosorbent assay . Impressively the applications of nanoparticles based sensors and nano ELISAs in the detection of agonists have also been summarized and discussed . In the end future opportunities and challenges in the design construction of nanoparticles based sensors and their applications in agonist assay are tentatively proposed .,In the end future opportunities and challenges in the design construction of nanoparticles based sensors and their applications in agonist assay are tentatively proposed . In this review we comprehensively summarized the construction of emerging nanoparticles based sensors and nanomaterial based enzyme linked immunosorbent assay . In recent years emergence of advanced nanomaterials greatly facilitates the advancement of sensors in terms of sensitivity specificity and robustness .9594,The sensory qualities and shelf life of tea beverage strongly affected by tea cream that forms by the interaction of polyphenols and protein . The study aimed to investigate the effects of the interactions between tea polyphenols and bovine serum albumin on tea cream formation at different concentrations . The tea cream formation increased with TPs and BSA concentration increased . The optimal concentration for high clarities and contents of phytochemicals was selected by the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution . The interaction mechanism of TPs BSA was investigated by fluorescence spectroscopy UVvisible absorption spectroscopy synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy and molecular docking . TPs interacted with BSA via static quenching process affecting tryptophan and tyrosine residue microenvironment of BSA . Ester catechins had more binding affinity than non ester catechins . Hydrogen bonds were the main interaction forces of TPs BSA .,The study aimed to investigate the effects of the interactions between tea polyphenols and bovine serum albumin on tea cream formation at different concentrations . The optimal concentration for high clarities and contents of phytochemicals was selected by the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution . The sensory qualities and shelf life of tea beverage strongly affected by tea cream that forms by the interaction of polyphenols and protein .9695,This study examined the effects of exogenous citrulline and water availability on antioxidant attributes and essential oil constituents of,This study examined the effects of exogenous citrulline and water availability on antioxidant attributes and essential oil constituents of9796,In Crimson Seedless grapes the appearance of senescence caused by abnormal dark red color the loss of crisp taste caused by the decrease in firmness and the fading of sweetness caused by the decrease in total soluble sugar are the main problems affecting its edible qualities after storage . In the mesocarp burdock fructooligosaccharide restricted sucrose export therefore more carbohydrates were retained directly leading to higher TSS and sweetness and cell osmotic pressure and firmness were retained indirectly . In the exocarp BFO restricted sucrose import therefore the signal molecule sucrose was reduced and the senescence related processes were inhibited . The downregulation of,The downregulation of In Crimson Seedless grapes the appearance of senescence caused by abnormal dark red color the loss of crisp taste caused by the decrease in firmness and the fading of sweetness caused by the decrease in total soluble sugar are the main problems affecting its edible qualities after storage . In the exocarp BFO restricted sucrose import therefore the signal molecule sucrose was reduced and the senescence related processes were inhibited .9897,Rehydration in an alkaline solution has been shown to improve the rehydration behaviour of milk protein isolate . In this study the focus is on citric acid neutralization of MPI powder dissolved in alkaline solution . The results showed that alkalization induced more negative zeta potential compared to MPI control reducing it from 22.4mV to 32.6mV . Neutralization had a relatively similar zeta potential value as alkalized sample . Sodium carbonate addition increased pH and caused a consequential reduction of ionic calcium in aqueous phase and neutralization caused a small increase in ionic calcium . Soluble aggregate of casein protein and whey protein was suggested in alkalization and neutralization process by non reducing SDS PAGE . In addition neutralization kept a stable colloidal particle size for pHs decreased to pH 9 8 and 7 however alkalization and neutralization created casein aggregates of larger colloidal particle size than primary casein micelle in control MPI .,In this study the focus is on citric acid neutralization of MPI powder dissolved in alkaline solution . Soluble aggregate of casein protein and whey protein was suggested in alkalization and neutralization process by non reducing SDS PAGE . Sodium carbonate addition increased pH and caused a consequential reduction of ionic calcium in aqueous phase and neutralization caused a small increase in ionic calcium .9998,By products of Belgian endive represent an interesting yet underutilised source of dietary fibre . Dietary fibre concentrates that are low in sugar and neutral in taste are sought by the food industry to increase DF content and improve texture in food products . The aim was to set up a biorefinery process to produce DFC from forced roots of Belgian endive and characterise the resulting product . As a control non treated forced roots powder was tested . Water extraction significantly decreased the content of sugars phenolic acids and sesquiterpene lactones in DFC BE . In contrast total dietary fibre concentration was higher in DFC BE in comparison to FRP BE . DFC BE offers an excellent water holding capacity of 14.71g water g DW and a swelling capacity of 23.46mL water g DW suggesting possible use as a functional food ingredient .,Water extraction significantly decreased the content of sugars phenolic acids and sesquiterpene lactones in DFC BE . The aim was to set up a biorefinery process to produce DFC from forced roots of Belgian endive and characterise the resulting product . Dietary fibre concentrates that are low in sugar and neutral in taste are sought by the food industry to increase DF content and improve texture in food products .10099,In this study the reinforced carnauba wax based oleogel with adipic acid was prepared and its potential for application in the cake and the beef burger was evaluated . As a result the addition of AA in CW based oleogels caused to form new intramolecular or intermolecular hydrogen bonding and improve the thermal behavior and crystallinity of oleogels . Additionally the increase of AA concentration higher than 3 of oleogel formulation significantly increased the strength of oleogels . The formulated food models with partial substitution CW2 AA4 oleogel as the optimized sample showed an acceptable texture profile color and organoleptic characteristics . Consequently reinforced oleogel with carnauba wax adipic acid in bakery and meat products can provide considerable promise to develop food products with lower saturated and trans fatty acid .,Additionally the increase of AA concentration higher than 3 of oleogel formulation significantly increased the strength of oleogels . In this study the reinforced carnauba wax based oleogel with adipic acid was prepared and its potential for application in the cake and the beef burger was evaluated . The formulated food models with partial substitution CW2 AA4 oleogel as the optimized sample showed an acceptable texture profile color and organoleptic characteristics .101100,Quantification of the specific folate vitamers to estimate total folate in foods is not standardized . A collaborative study including eight European laboratories was conducted in order to determine the repeatability and reproducibility of the method for folate quantification in foods using the plant origin glutamyl hydrolase as part of the extraction procedure . The seven food samples analyzed represent the food groups fruits vegetables dairy products legumes offal fish and fortified infant formula . The homogenization step was included and six folate vitamers were analyzed using LC MS MS. Total folate content expressed as folic acid equivalent was 17490g 100g in all samples . Horwitz ratio values were within the acceptable range except for fish . The results for fortified infant formula a certified reference material confirmed the trueness of the method . The collaborative study is part of a standardization project within the Nordic Committee on Food Analysis .,The results for fortified infant formula a certified reference material confirmed the trueness of the method . The collaborative study is part of a standardization project within the Nordic Committee on Food Analysis . Quantification of the specific folate vitamers to estimate total folate in foods is not standardized .102101,Antarctic krill oil is an emerging dietary supplement containing metal ions that influence oil oxidation . Thus this study focuses on the effect and mechanism of metal ions on phospholipid oxidation in AKO . Firstly AKO containing Mg,Thus this study focuses on the effect and mechanism of metal ions on phospholipid oxidation in AKO . Antarctic krill oil is an emerging dietary supplement containing metal ions that influence oil oxidation . Firstly AKO containing Mg103102,The demand for the development of fast easy to use and low cost analytical methods for food adulteration analysis has being increasing in the last years . Although infrared spectroscopic techniques offer these advantages the validation of screening methods requiring the application of multivariate data treatment is less frequently described in literature thus limiting their use as routine tools in control laboratories for food fraud monitoring . In this paper an EU validation procedure for screening methods was successfully applied to a multivariate FT NIR spectroscopic method for the screening of durum wheat pasta samples adulterated with common wheat at the screening target concentration of 3 . Good results in terms of the cut off value and false suspect rates demonstrated that the present validation approach would be a proof of strategy to be used for multivariate infrared methods applied for screening purposes .,In this paper an EU validation procedure for screening methods was successfully applied to a multivariate FT NIR spectroscopic method for the screening of durum wheat pasta samples adulterated with common wheat at the screening target concentration of 3 . Good results in terms of the cut off value and false suspect rates demonstrated that the present validation approach would be a proof of strategy to be used for multivariate infrared methods applied for screening purposes . The demand for the development of fast easy to use and low cost analytical methods for food adulteration analysis has being increasing in the last years .104103,The aged wine spirit is a beverage with great aromatic complexity . Their volatile compounds with odorant power coming from the distillate and from the wood used in its ageing and the interactions that take place in the process enhanced by oxygen all contribute to this complexity .,The aged wine spirit is a beverage with great aromatic complexity . Their volatile compounds with odorant power coming from the distillate and from the wood used in its ageing and the interactions that take place in the process enhanced by oxygen all contribute to this complexity .105104,Castration may decrease off odors and improve meat flavor . Meat flavor is generated through complex chemical reactions that involve hydrophilic and hydrophobic flavor precursors . In this study we investigated the flavor precursors in psoas major muscles of castrated and intact sheep using lipidomics and targeted metabolomics . Castration decreased testosterone levels and increased intramuscular fat content . Six hundred fourteen lipid molecules confirmed showed a separation between castrated and intact sheep based on principal component analysis . Fourteen lipid species and 224 lipid molecules increased in castrated sheep . Targeted metabolomics analysis showed that 18 hydrophilic metabolites were affected by castration however only hypoxanthine significantly increased in the castration group . Among 45 volatiles identified 1 octen 3 ol and hexanal were significantly higher in castrated sheep . These results revealed that lipids hydrophilic metabolites and volatile compounds in lamb were affected by castration which might be beneficial in lamb quality .,In this study we investigated the flavor precursors in psoas major muscles of castrated and intact sheep using lipidomics and targeted metabolomics . Castration decreased testosterone levels and increased intramuscular fat content . Among 45 volatiles identified 1 octen 3 ol and hexanal were significantly higher in castrated sheep .106105,Aimed to study the characteristics of prolyl endopeptidase and its possible role in the degradation of collagen we cloned the full length cDNA sequence of PEP from abalone,Aimed to study the characteristics of prolyl endopeptidase and its possible role in the degradation of collagen we cloned the full length cDNA sequence of PEP from abalone107106,Ultrasound has been recognized as a non thermal technology for accelerating blueberry wine aging for flavor development . However influence of US on anthocyanin and color characteristics is uncertain . In this study US was applied to new blueberry wine and changes in color characteristics anthocyanin content and anti oxidant capacity were evaluated at early stage of aging period . Low frequency power US resulted in an improvement in color characteristics and lower chromatic aberration as compared to untreated samples specially at condition of 180W 20min and 2 cycles . Furthermore this contribution was attributed to unattenuated anthocyanins protected from US stress . Importantly the structural polarity dependence was mediated by the impact of US on anthocyanins . Additionally anti oxidant activity of blueberry wine was not adversely affected under a moderate US condition . US treatment of blueberry wine was therefore considered to significantly enhance the color presentation hinting at the possibility of promoting blueberry wine aging .,Importantly the structural polarity dependence was mediated by the impact of US on anthocyanins . US treatment of blueberry wine was therefore considered to significantly enhance the color presentation hinting at the possibility of promoting blueberry wine aging . In this study US was applied to new blueberry wine and changes in color characteristics anthocyanin content and anti oxidant capacity were evaluated at early stage of aging period .108107,Bioprospecting for seaweed derived multimodal acting products have earned increasing attention in the fight against diseases of multifactorial origin such as neurodegenerative conditions . This is a pioneer study on the,This is a pioneer study on the Bioprospecting for seaweed derived multimodal acting products have earned increasing attention in the fight against diseases of multifactorial origin such as neurodegenerative conditions .109108,The present work describes the evaluation of fig peels and blackthorn fruit extracts as natural purple colorants in doughnuts and in a typical Brazilian pastry called beijinho . The extracts were screened for their antioxidant activity as well as their antibacterial capacity . Nutritionally the employed extracts did not induce significant changes contrarily to the observed for the rheological features mainly the darker purple tone observed when blackthorn extract was used in the icing solution . After 24h both prepared formulations showed a decrease in color intensity with no significant differences between fig and blackthorn extracts . In turn the firmness and consistency of the doughnuts benefited from using natural colorants in the icing solution while beijinhos became softer and chewier which are valued attributes . A significant increase in the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities was also observed for both natural extracts . Accordingly the evaluated extracts are promising candidates as natural food colorants .,A significant increase in the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities was also observed for both natural extracts . Nutritionally the employed extracts did not induce significant changes contrarily to the observed for the rheological features mainly the darker purple tone observed when blackthorn extract was used in the icing solution . The present work describes the evaluation of fig peels and blackthorn fruit extracts as natural purple colorants in doughnuts and in a typical Brazilian pastry called beijinho .110109,species are aromatic herbs used as food and or ethnomedicine worldwide however the use of these plants is often impeded by misidentification . Here molecular and chemotaxonomic approaches were combined to assist in the morphology based authentication of,Here molecular and chemotaxonomic approaches were combined to assist in the morphology based authentication of species are aromatic herbs used as food and or ethnomedicine worldwide however the use of these plants is often impeded by misidentification .111110,Folates are essential micronutrients for human health . The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of storage processing and cooking methods on folate content and identify factors with great influence on folate retention in wheat grains and wheat based foods . For this the folate levels of wheat grains after 28months of storage wheat flours noodles fermented dough steamed bun and bread were sequentially analyzed . An average of 26 folate loss was observed after eight month storage in wheat grains . The milling process with an extraction rate of 70 led to a severe folate loss . The folate retention rate in noodles was 78 . Fermentation by yeast production enabled a 1.54 fold enhancement of folate levels in steamed bun and bread . Boiling steaming and baking led to a folate loss of 13 16 and 11 respectively . These results help to guide industrial household preparation of wheat based foods for folate nutrition .,The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of storage processing and cooking methods on folate content and identify factors with great influence on folate retention in wheat grains and wheat based foods . The milling process with an extraction rate of 70 led to a severe folate loss . The folate retention rate in noodles was 78 .112111,L. has showed considerable content in phenolic compounds especially flavan 3 ols . The interest of flavan 3 ols has increased due their bioactive actions namely antioxidant and antimicrobial activities and by association of their consumption to diverse health benefits including the prevention of obesity cardiovascular diseases or cancer . These compounds mainly catechin have been showed potential for use as natural preservative in foodstuffs however their degradation is increased by pH and temperature of processing and storage which can limit their use by food industry . To model the degradation kinetics of these compounds under different conditions of storage three kinds of machine learning models were developed i random forest ii support vector machine and iii artificial neural network . The selected models can be used to track the kinetics of the different compounds and properties under study without the prior knowledge requirement of the reaction system .,The selected models can be used to track the kinetics of the different compounds and properties under study without the prior knowledge requirement of the reaction system . To model the degradation kinetics of these compounds under different conditions of storage three kinds of machine learning models were developed i random forest ii support vector machine and iii artificial neural network . L. has showed considerable content in phenolic compounds especially flavan 3 ols .113112,The self microemulsifying delivery system was fabricated by whey protein isolate daidzein and surfactants the interaction of WPI Dai and D Tocopherol polyethylene glycol succinate was hereby studied in the absence or presence of Tween 20 . The increase of surfactant concentration led to the decrease of the modulus and changes of protein interfacial conformation which allowed the formation of a strong intermolecular network . The environment and structure of WPI and daidzein could be changed by TPGS and the addition of Tween 20 could further enhance the interaction between the components by changing TPGS structure . With the increase of surfactants and oil phase,With the increase of surfactants and oil phase The environment and structure of WPI and daidzein could be changed by TPGS and the addition of Tween 20 could further enhance the interaction between the components by changing TPGS structure . The increase of surfactant concentration led to the decrease of the modulus and changes of protein interfacial conformation which allowed the formation of a strong intermolecular network .114113,Brazilian livestock with a herd of more than 215 million animals is distributed over a vast area of 160 million hectares leading the country to the first position in the world beef exports and second in beef production and consumption . Animals risen in the biomes Amaznia Caatinga Cerrado Pampa and Pantanal were selected for this study . Beef samples were analyzed for their elemental content by neutron activation analysis and classified according to their origin by three machine learning algorithms . Significant differences were observed between the beef elemental content from the different biomes for all multivariate contrasts using NPMANOVA . The highest classification performance was obtained for the biomes Amaznia and Caatinga using Multilayer Perceptron . Results showed the feasibility of combining trace element content and machine learning approaches for the Brazilian beef traceability .,Results showed the feasibility of combining trace element content and machine learning approaches for the Brazilian beef traceability . Brazilian livestock with a herd of more than 215 million animals is distributed over a vast area of 160 million hectares leading the country to the first position in the world beef exports and second in beef production and consumption . The highest classification performance was obtained for the biomes Amaznia and Caatinga using Multilayer Perceptron .115114,The mechanism of flavor retention in chicken broth from the perspective of gelatin affecting the flavor binding ability of emulsions was investigated . Results showed that fat was the important reservoir for aroma compounds in the emulsion . The particle sizes of emulsions significantly decreased with prolonged stewing time of gelatin which was consistent with the results from confocal laser scanning microscopy and interfacial tension . The ability of pre heated gelatin emulsions to bind volatile compounds with higher hydrophobicity was enhanced . When 0.1 gelatin was added into chicken broth the total amount of the main volatile compounds increased from 458.83ng g to 1218.42ng g. In summary the pre heated gelatin increased the interfacial pressure of water oil interface resulting in a smaller particle size of oil droplets and these further increased the binding area between oil droplets and flavor compounds . This appears to be the mechanism that gelatin enhances the flavor intensity of chicken broth .,The ability of pre heated gelatin emulsions to bind volatile compounds with higher hydrophobicity was enhanced . When 0.1 gelatin was added into chicken broth the total amount of the main volatile compounds increased from 458.83ng g to 1218.42ng g. In summary the pre heated gelatin increased the interfacial pressure of water oil interface resulting in a smaller particle size of oil droplets and these further increased the binding area between oil droplets and flavor compounds . The mechanism of flavor retention in chicken broth from the perspective of gelatin affecting the flavor binding ability of emulsions was investigated .116115,The aim of this work was to identify and quantify the bioaccesible phenolic compounds and evaluate their relationship with the antioxidant properties of three different cookies formulated with 10.5 peach pulp incorporation and 50 fat or added sucrose reduction . Peach pulp and dietary fiber were incorporated in cookie formulation and two levels of fat or sucrose were analyzed . Cookie quality was modified by fruit incorporation and reduction of fat and added sucrose . Fruit incorporation changed the polyphenol profile and improved antioxidant properties . Most phenolic compounds quantified in both the extracts and the different stages of the simulated digestion were higher in the sucrose fat reduced samples than in the control samples which represents a nutritional improvement of the pulp enriched cookies . Evaluation of the bioaccessibility of polyphenols from cookies showed that a fraction of polyphenol could be absorbed by the small intestine . This fraction ranged between 21 and 25 according to the sample .,The aim of this work was to identify and quantify the bioaccesible phenolic compounds and evaluate their relationship with the antioxidant properties of three different cookies formulated with 10.5 peach pulp incorporation and 50 fat or added sucrose reduction . Most phenolic compounds quantified in both the extracts and the different stages of the simulated digestion were higher in the sucrose fat reduced samples than in the control samples which represents a nutritional improvement of the pulp enriched cookies . Fruit incorporation changed the polyphenol profile and improved antioxidant properties .117116,The comparative study was performed in order to assess the most suitable matrix polymer for ascorbyl palmitate . The antioxidant was loaded into the 75 25 blend films based on polysaccharides octenyl succinic anhydride modified starch water soluble soy polysaccharides and gelatin . The AP was present in the films both in the form of longitudinal crystals and microglobules . Because of amphiphilic character the AP had the moisturizing action on the films however its addition reduced film solubility in water . AP did not affect the water vapor permeability and tensile strength of the OSA based carrier . The Makoid Banakar with T,The Makoid Banakar with T The AP was present in the films both in the form of longitudinal crystals and microglobules . AP did not affect the water vapor permeability and tensile strength of the OSA based carrier .118117,The mood pyramid of cocoa which was previously proposed as a new concept consists of four levels . Roasting is a crucial process for flavor development in cocoa but is likely to have a negative impact on the phytochemicals . We investigated the effect of roasting time and temperature on the potential mood enhancing compounds corresponding to the distinct mood pyramid levels . Phytochemicals were analyzed using UPLC HRMS while the flavor was mapped via aroma and generic descriptive analysis . Results revealed that roasting at 130C for 30min did not significantly affect the levels of epicatechin procyanidin B2 and theobromine while salsolinol significantly increased . Moreover bitterness and astringency were reduced and the desired cocoa flavor was developed . Thus through selection of appropriate roasting time and temperature conditions phytochemicals of interest could be retained without comprising the flavor .,We investigated the effect of roasting time and temperature on the potential mood enhancing compounds corresponding to the distinct mood pyramid levels . The mood pyramid of cocoa which was previously proposed as a new concept consists of four levels . Moreover bitterness and astringency were reduced and the desired cocoa flavor was developed .119118,In this study a new method for simultaneous determination of cyantraniliprole chlorantraniliprole tetrachlorantraniliprole cyclaniliprole and flubendiamide in edible mushrooms by high performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry combined with a modified QuEChERS procedure . The samples were extracted using acetonitrile and then cleaned up by primary secondary amine and octadecylsilane . The determination of these insecticides was achieved in less than 5min using an electrospray ionization source in positive mode for cyantraniliprole and chlorantraniliprole while negative mode for tetrachlorantraniliprole cyclaniliprole and flubendiamide . The linearities of the calibrations for all target compounds were acceptable R,The determination of these insecticides was achieved in less than 5min using an electrospray ionization source in positive mode for cyantraniliprole and chlorantraniliprole while negative mode for tetrachlorantraniliprole cyclaniliprole and flubendiamide . The linearities of the calibrations for all target compounds were acceptable R In this study a new method for simultaneous determination of cyantraniliprole chlorantraniliprole tetrachlorantraniliprole cyclaniliprole and flubendiamide in edible mushrooms by high performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry combined with a modified QuEChERS procedure .120119,The dominant volatile off flavor compounds of pea and soy milk were investigated by gas chromatography olfactometry mass spectrometry sensory evaluation and odor activity values which led to the identification of their differences . We identified 11 aroma compounds as important odorants with OAVs greater than 1 in pea and soy milk . OAVs contribution rate demonstrated that 6 compounds contributed most to the characteristic off flavor of pea milk among which 2 methoxy 3 isopropyl methyl pyrazine hexanal 2 4 nonadienal and 2 4 decadienal contributed more than others . For soy milk 1 octen 3 one hexanal 2 4 nonadienal and 2 4 decadienal showed more important contributions . These odor active compounds were divided into non lipoxygenase and LOX pathways based on their synthesis . Several endogenous enzymes that are important to the LOX pathway were identified by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and the contents of key off flavor compounds were found to be related to the enzyme activities while the lipid content was not an important factor .,Several endogenous enzymes that are important to the LOX pathway were identified by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and the contents of key off flavor compounds were found to be related to the enzyme activities while the lipid content was not an important factor . The dominant volatile off flavor compounds of pea and soy milk were investigated by gas chromatography olfactometry mass spectrometry sensory evaluation and odor activity values which led to the identification of their differences . We identified 11 aroma compounds as important odorants with OAVs greater than 1 in pea and soy milk .121120,Perchlorate a persistent pollutant interferes with iodine uptake by the thyroid . Perchlorate exposure mainly occurs through ingested food understanding the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of perchlorate in foods facilitate more accurate human health risk assessments . An in vitro digestion Caco 2 cell model was used for this research . The bioaccessibility of perchlorate in the control group lettuce rice and formula was 93.45 70.14 70.25 and 63.68 respectively . The bioavailability of perchlorate was as follows control group 43.45 rice 37.17 lettuce 35.13 and formula 30.72 . The absorptive apparent permeability coefficient of the control lettuce rice and formula was 30101nm s 3265nm s 54161nm s and 4188nm s respectively . The results suggested that the risk from perchlorate was overestimated only when considering the content of perchlorate in foods and that the presence of food matrices reduced perchlorate bioavailability by differing degrees .,The absorptive apparent permeability coefficient of the control lettuce rice and formula was 30101nm s 3265nm s 54161nm s and 4188nm s respectively . The bioaccessibility of perchlorate in the control group lettuce rice and formula was 93.45 70.14 70.25 and 63.68 respectively . The results suggested that the risk from perchlorate was overestimated only when considering the content of perchlorate in foods and that the presence of food matrices reduced perchlorate bioavailability by differing degrees .122121,This study aimed at investigating two strategies to enhance the bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds from whole wheat breads enzymatic bioprocessing and addition of green coffee infusion . Although both strategies had a significant effect on increasing the contents of total soluble phenolic compounds in breads the addition of green coffee infusion was much more relevant than enzymatic bioprocessing . The phenolic compounds present as soluble forms were completely released from all breads matrix already at the oral phase of digestion . While gastric digestion did not promote the release of insoluble phenolic compounds intestinal conditions led to a slight release . All bread samples showed maximum phenolic compounds bioaccessibility after 4h of gut fermentation . Upon the end of,Although both strategies had a significant effect on increasing the contents of total soluble phenolic compounds in breads the addition of green coffee infusion was much more relevant than enzymatic bioprocessing . Upon the end of While gastric digestion did not promote the release of insoluble phenolic compounds intestinal conditions led to a slight release .123122,The phenolic compound hydroxytyrosol and its derivatives are responsible for some of the health benefits of the intake of virgin olive oil having shown antiangiogenic properties . In this study we explored the antiangiogenic potential of six synthetic hydroxytyrosyl alkyl ethers . Our results showed that all compounds affected endothelial cell viability,In this study we explored the antiangiogenic potential of six synthetic hydroxytyrosyl alkyl ethers . The phenolic compound hydroxytyrosol and its derivatives are responsible for some of the health benefits of the intake of virgin olive oil having shown antiangiogenic properties . Our results showed that all compounds affected endothelial cell viability124123,As a veterinary antibiotic lincomycin residues in milk are raising concerns of public on account of potential harm to human health . Efficient strategy is eagerly desired for detection of LIN from milk samples . Hence lincomycin molecularly imprinted membranes were developed for selective separation of LIN as an efficient pretreatment of milk samples . The synergistic effect of polyethylenimine and dopamine provided effective antifouling performance by improving the hydrophilicity . Based on click chemistry specific recognition sites were facilely formed on membranes using 4 vinylpyridine as functional monomers . The satisfactory rebinding capacity 151.62mgg,The synergistic effect of polyethylenimine and dopamine provided effective antifouling performance by improving the hydrophilicity . The satisfactory rebinding capacity 151.62mgg Hence lincomycin molecularly imprinted membranes were developed for selective separation of LIN as an efficient pretreatment of milk samples .125124,Acrylamide is a toxic industrial chemical but is also found in heated potato foods such as French fries due to the Maillard reaction between amino acids and reducing sugars . However high temperature cooking is often required for flavoring browning and sterilizing of raw ingredients . Imidazole dipeptides such as carnosine alanyl,However high temperature cooking is often required for flavoring browning and sterilizing of raw ingredients . Acrylamide is a toxic industrial chemical but is also found in heated potato foods such as French fries due to the Maillard reaction between amino acids and reducing sugars . Imidazole dipeptides such as carnosine alanyl126125,In this study we tested the exogenous application of phytosulfokine for delaying the yellowing of broccoli florets during cold storage . Our results showed that the lower yellowing in broccoli florets treated with 150nM PSK was probably due to the higher endogenous accumulation of PSK leading to the endogenous accumulation of guanosine 3 5 cyclic monophosphate . Besides broccoli florets treated with 150nM PSK exhibited a higher accumulation of phenols and flavonoids by triggering gene expression and activities of phenylalanine ammonia lyase,In this study we tested the exogenous application of phytosulfokine for delaying the yellowing of broccoli florets during cold storage . Our results showed that the lower yellowing in broccoli florets treated with 150nM PSK was probably due to the higher endogenous accumulation of PSK leading to the endogenous accumulation of guanosine 3 5 cyclic monophosphate . Besides broccoli florets treated with 150nM PSK exhibited a higher accumulation of phenols and flavonoids by triggering gene expression and activities of phenylalanine ammonia lyase127126,In order to evaluate differences in the peptide profile and bioactive potential in dairy products by increasing the protein content and using proteolytic bacteria strain to enable the release of bioactive peptides a high protein yogurt with adjunct culture was developed . The effect of protein content the addition of,The effect of protein content the addition of In order to evaluate differences in the peptide profile and bioactive potential in dairy products by increasing the protein content and using proteolytic bacteria strain to enable the release of bioactive peptides a high protein yogurt with adjunct culture was developed .128127,To improve the utilization of cod skin collagen peptides we heated them with xylose at 80C 100C and 120C for up to 150min to prepare xylose CSCP Maillard reaction products and then investigated their physicochemical and functional properties . The results showed that Arg Lys Phe and Asp were the major amino acids involved in the Maillard reaction . After being heated at 120C for 150min the ABTS scavenging activity and reducing power of xylose CSCP MRPs were 99.59 and 0.887 absorbance units respectively . Xylose CSCP MRPs had better emulsifying properties and foaming properties than CSCP . Furthermore 26 volatile compounds including 2 5 dimethyl pyrazine and 2 ethyl 3 5 dimethylpyrazine were identified from xylose CSCP MRPs by gas chromatography ion mobility spectrometry . Newly formed heterocyclic compounds might be responsible for the flavor and antioxidant capacity of xylose CSCP MRPs . These results suggest the potential for xylose CSCP MRPs to serve as functional food ingredients .,Newly formed heterocyclic compounds might be responsible for the flavor and antioxidant capacity of xylose CSCP MRPs . The results showed that Arg Lys Phe and Asp were the major amino acids involved in the Maillard reaction . After being heated at 120C for 150min the ABTS scavenging activity and reducing power of xylose CSCP MRPs were 99.59 and 0.887 absorbance units respectively .129128,The aims of this study were to evaluate the role of encapsulant materials on the stability of bioactive compounds of red ginger extract powder during storage and determine the composition of the encapsulant materials which produced red ginger extract powder with best stability of bioactive compounds during storage . This study consisted of three compositions of encapsulant materials which are maltodextrin gum arabic with ratio 10 0 8 2 and 5 5 . The results showed that several compositions of encapsulant materials produced different stability of bioactive compounds of red ginger extract powder . Based on the study result increasing amount of gum arabic used had better protection to the stability of bioactive compounds of the powders during storage .,Based on the study result increasing amount of gum arabic used had better protection to the stability of bioactive compounds of the powders during storage . The aims of this study were to evaluate the role of encapsulant materials on the stability of bioactive compounds of red ginger extract powder during storage and determine the composition of the encapsulant materials which produced red ginger extract powder with best stability of bioactive compounds during storage . The results showed that several compositions of encapsulant materials produced different stability of bioactive compounds of red ginger extract powder .130129,A cascade process for the sequential recovery of proteins and feruloylated arabinoxylan from wheat bran is proposed involving a protein isolation step enzymatic destarching and subcritical water extraction . The protein isolation step combining lactic acid fermentation and cold alkaline extraction reduced the recalcitrance of wheat bran thus improving the total yields of the subsequent subcritical water extraction . The time evolution of subcritical water extraction of feruloylated arabinoxylan was compared at two temperatures . Longer residence times enhanced the purity of target feruloylated arabinoxylans whereas higher temperatures resulted in faster extraction at the expense of significant molar mass reduction . The radical scavenging activity of the extracted feruloylated arabinoxylans was preserved after the initial protein isolation step . This study opens new possibilities for the cascade valorization of wheat bran into enriched protein and non starch polysaccharide fractions which show potential to be used as functional food ingredients .,A cascade process for the sequential recovery of proteins and feruloylated arabinoxylan from wheat bran is proposed involving a protein isolation step enzymatic destarching and subcritical water extraction . The radical scavenging activity of the extracted feruloylated arabinoxylans was preserved after the initial protein isolation step . The protein isolation step combining lactic acid fermentation and cold alkaline extraction reduced the recalcitrance of wheat bran thus improving the total yields of the subsequent subcritical water extraction .131130,In this study recombinant rice quiescin sulfhydryl oxidase was expressed and characterized and its performance in flour processing quality was further evaluated . The purified rQSOX exhibited the highest sulfhydryl oxidation activity using dithiothreitol as a substrate accompanying the production of H,The purified rQSOX exhibited the highest sulfhydryl oxidation activity using dithiothreitol as a substrate accompanying the production of H In this study recombinant rice quiescin sulfhydryl oxidase was expressed and characterized and its performance in flour processing quality was further evaluated .132131,Sorghum derived 3 deoxyanthocyanin pigments are stable relative to their anthocyanin analogs and are of growing interest in food applications . However the 3DXA are poorly extractable from grain tissue . This work aimed to determine the relative stability and extractability of sorghum 3 DXA vs anthocyanins from maize and cowpea under microwave assisted extraction . UVVis and UPLC MS MS spectrometry were used to characterize the properties . The 3 DXA remained structurally stable to MAE conditions up to 1200W 100C 30min . MAE increased sorghum 3 DXA yield 100 versus control . On the other hand both maize and cowpea anthocyanins were unstable and rapidly degraded under MAE . Cell wall derived ferulate esters were detected in sorghum and maize MAE extracts indicating cell wall degradation occurred during MAE . Thus the enhanced extraction of 3 DXA under MAE was due to their structural stability along with improved diffusion from cell matrix due to microwave induced sorghum cell wall disruption .,On the other hand both maize and cowpea anthocyanins were unstable and rapidly degraded under MAE . This work aimed to determine the relative stability and extractability of sorghum 3 DXA vs anthocyanins from maize and cowpea under microwave assisted extraction . UVVis and UPLC MS MS spectrometry were used to characterize the properties .133132,Various pesticides employed in modern agriculture result in large amounts of pesticide residues in agricultural production greatly threatening human health . Herein we report a facile approach to fabricate a reduced graphene oxide cyclodextrin modified glassy carbon electrode for the sensitive electrochemical sensing of imidacloprid . Three different modified electrodes using CDs,Herein we report a facile approach to fabricate a reduced graphene oxide cyclodextrin modified glassy carbon electrode for the sensitive electrochemical sensing of imidacloprid . Various pesticides employed in modern agriculture result in large amounts of pesticide residues in agricultural production greatly threatening human health . Three different modified electrodes using CDs134133,This study was to examine the formation of advanced glycation end products in black tea during drying process at 90 120 and 150C for 1h . Nine AGEs including N,This study was to examine the formation of advanced glycation end products in black tea during drying process at 90 120 and 150C for 1h . Nine AGEs including N135134,Pomegranate seed oil is valuable source of bioactive compounds with health beneficial effects but it is sensitive to oxidation due to high content of PUFA . In order to improve stability of pomegranate seed oil the influence of natural antioxidant and a combination of synthetic antioxidant and pomegranate peel extract was investigated . The oxidation process was followed by monitoring fatty acid composition and measuring the quality and stability parameters of oil during storage for 12days at 65 C. Furthermore total phenolic content and DPPH radical scavenging activity was measured . Pomegranate peel extract as well as a combination of pomegranate peel extract and BHT can have a significant positive impact on improvement of the quality and stability parameters of pomegranate seed oil . Furthermore such activity was better than BHT used alone .,In order to improve stability of pomegranate seed oil the influence of natural antioxidant and a combination of synthetic antioxidant and pomegranate peel extract was investigated . The oxidation process was followed by monitoring fatty acid composition and measuring the quality and stability parameters of oil during storage for 12days at 65 C. Furthermore total phenolic content and DPPH radical scavenging activity was measured . Pomegranate peel extract as well as a combination of pomegranate peel extract and BHT can have a significant positive impact on improvement of the quality and stability parameters of pomegranate seed oil .136135,The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the use of ethanol ultrasound and or vacuum as a pretreatment to melon drying . Eight types of pretreatments were performed in which samples were immersed in ethanol solutions with different concentrations using four treatment conditions immersion immersion with ultrasound with vacuum and with ultrasound and vacuum . Drying was performed at 60C and five different semi theoretical drying mathematical models were examined to characterize the drying curves and quality analyses were carried out . The condition that obtained the lower drying time was using the US pretreatment in 100 ethanol solution . Drying caused a diminution of bioactive compounds and influenced color parameters . However the samples immersed in 50 ethanol solution and dried obtained minor losses of total phenolics total carotenoids and ascorbic acid contents .,The condition that obtained the lower drying time was using the US pretreatment in 100 ethanol solution . The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the use of ethanol ultrasound and or vacuum as a pretreatment to melon drying . Drying was performed at 60C and five different semi theoretical drying mathematical models were examined to characterize the drying curves and quality analyses were carried out .137136,Protein isolates were prepared from wet heat processed and unprocessed alfalfa seeds and characterized for composition and functionality at different pH . APIc and APIp exhibited high content of all the essential amino acids . Antinutrient content of APIp was lower in comparison to APIc and marked reduction in the trypsin inhibitor and lectin activity was observed . Processing did not cause much reduction of bioactive constituents and antioxidant activity of APIp . Alfalfa protein isolates exhibited complex polypeptide banding ranging from molecular weight of 1175kDa . APIp exhibited change in the conformation of protein discerned as alteration in interrelated nuances of ATR FTIR spectra XRD pattern morphology charge on proteins and reduced solubility in comparison to APIc due to processing . APIp exhibited marked improvement in the functional properties in comparison to APIc discerned as improved hydration surface active and gelation properties . Highest hydration and surface active properties were exhibited at pH 9.0 even though APIp at pH 7.0 showed fairly similar functional properties as APIc and APIp at pH 9.0 . APIp exhibited reduced least gelation concentration in comparison to APIc at pH 7.0 and also engendered gelation at pH 4.0 and 9.0 contrary to APIc .,Antinutrient content of APIp was lower in comparison to APIc and marked reduction in the trypsin inhibitor and lectin activity was observed . APIc and APIp exhibited high content of all the essential amino acids . APIp exhibited marked improvement in the functional properties in comparison to APIc discerned as improved hydration surface active and gelation properties .138137,The aim of this study is to extract zinc and manganese from foods and vegetables using an amphiphilic copolymer adsorbent poly co 2 vinylpyridine which was synthesized via reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer polymerization from styrene and 2 vinyl pyridine in the presence of a trithiocarbonate and 2 2 azo bis isobutyro nitrile in toluene solution under argon at 80C . Fourier Transform Infrared and proton nuclear magnetic resonance,The aim of this study is to extract zinc and manganese from foods and vegetables using an amphiphilic copolymer adsorbent poly co 2 vinylpyridine which was synthesized via reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer polymerization from styrene and 2 vinyl pyridine in the presence of a trithiocarbonate and 2 2 azo bis isobutyro nitrile in toluene solution under argon at 80C . Fourier Transform Infrared and proton nuclear magnetic resonance139138,Due to their antioxidant properties polyphenols are finding novel applications in the fields of Food Technology and Functional Nutrition in the development of innovative functional food products and in Cosmetics and Regenerative Medicine in the development of formulations for skin disorders .,Due to their antioxidant properties polyphenols are finding novel applications in the fields of Food Technology and Functional Nutrition in the development of innovative functional food products and in Cosmetics and Regenerative Medicine in the development of formulations for skin disorders .140139,Aqueous coenzyme Q10 dispersions were prepared using sugary maize dendrimer like glucan with solid dispersion treatment . After measuring solubility recovery rate and loading rate the initial weight ratio of CoQ10 SMDG was optimized to be 1 27 with the solubility markedly increasing up 188.8 folds compared to pure CoQ10 solution . The structural characterizations of CoQ10 SMDG formulation showed crystal CoQ10 was entrapped in SMDG matrix for amorphous state associated with the strong interactions with glucan chains . The antioxidant activity of CoQ10 SMDG was assessed via DPPH and FRAP assay . DPPH scavenging activity and FRAP value of it were as high as 95.1 and 0.87mM respectively . The cellular uptake of CoQ10 in CoQ10 SMDG group was significantly higher than that of natural CoQ10 . CoQ10 SMDG also exhibited significant protective effects against cellular damage in H,The antioxidant activity of CoQ10 SMDG was assessed via DPPH and FRAP assay . The structural characterizations of CoQ10 SMDG formulation showed crystal CoQ10 was entrapped in SMDG matrix for amorphous state associated with the strong interactions with glucan chains . After measuring solubility recovery rate and loading rate the initial weight ratio of CoQ10 SMDG was optimized to be 1 27 with the solubility markedly increasing up 188.8 folds compared to pure CoQ10 solution .141140,This study investigated the effect of pH on the denaturation extent the surface chemical composition the water sorption isotherm and the glass transition temperature of camel and bovine whey proteins powders . The LC MS analysis indicated that the Lactoglobulin was the most denatured protein in bovine whey powders regardless the pH value while this protein was totally absent in camel whey . The Lactalbumin was relatively heat stable after drying and predominated the powder surface in both camel and bovine whey powders regardless the pH or acidic . Analysis of the water sorption isotherms indicated that decreasing the pH induced the increase of the water activity of lactose crystallization for camel and bovine whey powders . Finally decreasing the pH led to the decrease of the glass transition temperature of camel and bovine whey powder .,This study investigated the effect of pH on the denaturation extent the surface chemical composition the water sorption isotherm and the glass transition temperature of camel and bovine whey proteins powders . Finally decreasing the pH led to the decrease of the glass transition temperature of camel and bovine whey powder . Analysis of the water sorption isotherms indicated that decreasing the pH induced the increase of the water activity of lactose crystallization for camel and bovine whey powders .142141,The nutritional and commercial value of the sweet cherry provides it a great economic importance in Italy . The aim of this study was to characterize 35 sweet cherry cultivars and one of sour cherry by analyzing values of different pomological and nutraceutical traits identifying cultivars with antioxidant activity and total anthocyanins content closest to those present in literature for Ferrovia . To this goal a multivariate metric index through the Soft Independent Modeling of Class Analogy analyzing an artificial dataset and testing a real one two hierarchical clustering and a principal component analysis were performed . The multivariate analyses result simultaneously investigated all the variables highlighting cvs . Sylvia Graffione nero Col di Mosso Ferrovia Mora della Punta Bianchetta Nuchis and Sandra to be more similar to literature data of Ferrovia . This matrix index was a useful tool to select the most commercial promising varieties .,The nutritional and commercial value of the sweet cherry provides it a great economic importance in Italy . The multivariate analyses result simultaneously investigated all the variables highlighting cvs . This matrix index was a useful tool to select the most commercial promising varieties .143142,Benzotriazoles and benzothiazoles are two groups of emerging concern and high production volume contaminants . Via the biomagnification of the food web they could jeopardize human health . In this work rapid determining the presence of five BTRs and two BTs in marketed fish was performed by a novel double vortex ultrasonic assisted matrix solid phase dispersion and UHPLC electrospray ionization quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry detection . Unlike traditional MSPD we simplified the method without the use of mortar pestle and SPE column procedures . The DVUA MSPD factors were screened by a multilevel categorical design and then optimized by Box Behnken Design plus with response surface methodology . The limits of quantification were 0.152ngg,Unlike traditional MSPD we simplified the method without the use of mortar pestle and SPE column procedures . The limits of quantification were 0.152ngg Via the biomagnification of the food web they could jeopardize human health .144143,Semicarbazide is a protein bound nitrofurazone metabolite that is detrimental to human health . Therefore to ensure food safety it is necessary to detect SEM in food samples . To this end we developed a novel electrochemical sensor to detect SEM by using a molecularly imprinted polymer as the recognition element . Computer aided molecular modelling was performed to guide the synthesis of the MIP and subsequently MIP carboxylated single walled carbon nanotubes chitosan was prepared as the sensing platform to develop the electrochemical sensor . The linear range of the sensor was 0.047.6ngmL,The linear range of the sensor was 0.047.6ngmL To this end we developed a novel electrochemical sensor to detect SEM by using a molecularly imprinted polymer as the recognition element . Computer aided molecular modelling was performed to guide the synthesis of the MIP and subsequently MIP carboxylated single walled carbon nanotubes chitosan was prepared as the sensing platform to develop the electrochemical sensor .145144,The consumption of halophytes as healthy gourmet food has increased considerably in the past few years . However knowledge on the nutritional profile of domesticated halophytes is scarce and little is known on which cultivation conditions can produce plants with the best nutritional and functional properties . In this context,However knowledge on the nutritional profile of domesticated halophytes is scarce and little is known on which cultivation conditions can produce plants with the best nutritional and functional properties . The consumption of halophytes as healthy gourmet food has increased considerably in the past few years . In this context146145,Endogenous lipase and lipoxygenase play important roles in accelerating lipid oxidation . Polyphenols are a series of commonly used chemicals for preserving fish and seafood products due to their positive inhibitory effects on lipid oxidation . However the mechanism involved is still unknown . The inhibitory effects of chlorogenic acid on lipase and lipoxygenase were investigated and explored with multi spectroscopic and molecular docking approaches . Results showed that CGA could inhibit the activities of lipase and lipoxygenase with concentration increased in a highly dose dependent manner . CGA quenched intrinsic fluorescence intensities of enzymes by static quenching and binding with CGA which led to changes in 3D structures of enzymes . Results of the molecular docking confirmed binding modes binding sites and major interaction forces between CGA and enzymes which reduced the corresponding activity . Thus this study could provide basic mechanisms of the inhibitory effects of polyphenols on lipid oxidation during food preservation .,The inhibitory effects of chlorogenic acid on lipase and lipoxygenase were investigated and explored with multi spectroscopic and molecular docking approaches . Results showed that CGA could inhibit the activities of lipase and lipoxygenase with concentration increased in a highly dose dependent manner . Thus this study could provide basic mechanisms of the inhibitory effects of polyphenols on lipid oxidation during food preservation .147146,A solid phase extraction method for enriching and purifying estrogenic disrupting compounds based on the estrogen response element was established . The estrogen receptor was used for molecular recognition as it specifically binds EDCs . An estrogen response element was used to maintain the activity of the estrogen receptor . High performance liquid chromatography was used to quantify the EDCs . This method combined with HPLC was applied to detect three kinds of EDCs such as bisphenol A 17 estradiol and diethylstilbestrol in a liquid milk matrix with recoveries of 84.18.2 to 113.62.9 . The limits of detection and quantification of the established method were 110,The limits of detection and quantification of the established method were 110 A solid phase extraction method for enriching and purifying estrogenic disrupting compounds based on the estrogen response element was established . An estrogen response element was used to maintain the activity of the estrogen receptor .148147,Soybean protein isolate was incubated with flaxseed gum at 60C for 3days under high hydrostatic pressure . Results showed improvement in solubility of SPI upon glycation with FG . The maximum solubility reached 86.84 when SPI FG was treated at pH 8.0 and 200MPa . The occurrence degrees and sites of SPI FG glycation suggested that moderate pressure significantly promoted Maillard reactions but higher pressures suppressed these reactions . The secondary structure of the glycated proteins varied greatly with respect to helix and random coil contents and vibrations of the amide II band at 200MPa . These microstructural changes increased the solubility over a broad pH range . The conformational changes in the glycated SPI supported the improved solubility of SPI FG . Overall HHP represents a potential method of controlling glycation to improve protein processability and expand their applicability in the food industry .,Overall HHP represents a potential method of controlling glycation to improve protein processability and expand their applicability in the food industry . The secondary structure of the glycated proteins varied greatly with respect to helix and random coil contents and vibrations of the amide II band at 200MPa . The conformational changes in the glycated SPI supported the improved solubility of SPI FG .149148,The effect of roasting of chia seed at different temperatures on bioactive constituents in extracts and on the quality of oil was evaluated . At higher temperatures crude protein and ash contents increased whereas total phenolic flavonoid carotenoid and antioxidant activities decreased . The predominant phenolic constituents were myrcetin and rosmarinic 3 4 dihydroxybenzoic caffeic and gallic acids which all decreased with increasing temperatures . Notably myrcetin content ranged from 75.59mg 100g to 85.49mg 100g . Tocopherols were predominant nutrients and their levels ranged from 654.86mg 100g to 698.32mg 100g . Concentrations of linolenic linoleic and oleic acids from unroasted chia seeds were higher than those from roasted ones . This study revealed that chia seeds should be heated at temperatures below or equal to 90C in order to preserve their nutrient profile .,The effect of roasting of chia seed at different temperatures on bioactive constituents in extracts and on the quality of oil was evaluated . The predominant phenolic constituents were myrcetin and rosmarinic 3 4 dihydroxybenzoic caffeic and gallic acids which all decreased with increasing temperatures . Concentrations of linolenic linoleic and oleic acids from unroasted chia seeds were higher than those from roasted ones .150149,Poly was synthesized via the electropolymerization of melamine monomer which was then characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy . The possible polymerization mechanisms of melamine were also revealed by FT IR spectroscopy and UVVis spectroscopy . Next the PMel modified GCE was used for the simultaneous determination of nitrite NO,Next the PMel modified GCE was used for the simultaneous determination of nitrite NO The possible polymerization mechanisms of melamine were also revealed by FT IR spectroscopy and UVVis spectroscopy . Poly was synthesized via the electropolymerization of melamine monomer which was then characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy .151150,A new kind of multi component membrane was prepared by combining gelatin solution porogen and an inclusion complex of ionic liquid and beta cyclodextrin in a simple physical manner for selective separation of tea polyphenols from green tea crude extracts . After screening it was found that the resulting membrane containing the IL of dicationic,After screening it was found that the resulting membrane containing the IL of dicationic A new kind of multi component membrane was prepared by combining gelatin solution porogen and an inclusion complex of ionic liquid and beta cyclodextrin in a simple physical manner for selective separation of tea polyphenols from green tea crude extracts .152151,Some halophyte plants are currently used in gourmet cuisine due to their unique organoleptic properties . Moreover they exhibit excellent nutritional and functional properties being rich in polyphenolics and vitamins . These compounds are associated to strong antioxidant activity and enhanced health benefits . This work compared the nutritional properties and antioxidant potential of three species,This work compared the nutritional properties and antioxidant potential of three species Moreover they exhibit excellent nutritional and functional properties being rich in polyphenolics and vitamins . These compounds are associated to strong antioxidant activity and enhanced health benefits .153152,A novel of magnetic dummy template molecularly imprinted polymers were prepared by surface molecular imprinting technique . The structure of polymers were characterized and the binding properties were assessed by adsorption experiments . The synthetic mag MWCNTs DMIPs exhibit satisfying adsorption capacity excellent selectivity and fast adsorption rate toward phenoxy carboxylic acid herbicides . Afterwards a reliable analytical method for selective separation and determination of trace PCA herbicides in cereals was established by using magnetic solid phase extraction and UPLC MS MS detection . A series of requisite factors were optimized in detail to achieve expected extraction performance . Under the optimum MSPE parameters the mean spiked recoveries for analytes in different cereals ranged from 86.7 to 95.2 with intra and inter day precision not greater than 8.5 and 10.6 respectively . At last the developed method was successfully utilized for determination the four PCA herbicides in actual cereals .,At last the developed method was successfully utilized for determination the four PCA herbicides in actual cereals . The structure of polymers were characterized and the binding properties were assessed by adsorption experiments . Afterwards a reliable analytical method for selective separation and determination of trace PCA herbicides in cereals was established by using magnetic solid phase extraction and UPLC MS MS detection .154153,Enzymatic tenderization is extensively applied in the meat industry whereas its influence on meat flavor has seldom been evaluated . Proteinase K papain bromelain and Flavourzyme were used to treat beef muscle and the changes in volatile compounds and odors were subsequently analyzed . Proteolysis by proteinase K was found to elevate the average bitterness of the identified peptides by generating peptides with high Q values whereas proteolysis by papain generated the highest level of amino acids . Enzymatic treatment by Flavourzyme and bromelain significantly elevated the levels of ketones and odors whereas excessive proteolysis by papain and proteinase K largely reduced the levels of esters and aldehydes . The level of amino acids and degree of hydrolysis were found to be predominant factors that regulated the level of volatiles and odors . These results highlighted the huge influence of enzymatic tenderization on meat flavor depending on degree of hydrolysis and cleavage pattern of applied proteases .,Proteolysis by proteinase K was found to elevate the average bitterness of the identified peptides by generating peptides with high Q values whereas proteolysis by papain generated the highest level of amino acids . The level of amino acids and degree of hydrolysis were found to be predominant factors that regulated the level of volatiles and odors . These results highlighted the huge influence of enzymatic tenderization on meat flavor depending on degree of hydrolysis and cleavage pattern of applied proteases .155154,Background . Motor development research has seen substantial recent growth . However much remains to be understood about the nature and extent of motor impairments in neurodevelopmental disorders including their potential as early markers and or causal determinants of downstream functioning in other domains . Aims and Methods . In this narrative review drawing primarily on the autism literature by way of example we review current accounts of the nature and consequences of motor functioning . We consider conventional approaches to measurement and study design and current limited approaches to tackling heterogeneity . Conclusions and Implications . We argue that ongoing adherence to traditional diagnostic outcome classification stands in the face of mounting evidence that characteristics of neurodevelopmental disorders lie on a continuum with variability in the general population and that three broad research avenues stand to offer a better understanding of motor functioning The use of technology and advanced statistical methods for a more nuanced understanding of motor abilities exploiting the prospective longitudinal tracking of at risk infants to understand developmental consequences of early motor difference and employing randomized controlled trials to test the utility of motor therapies whilst also testing causal hypotheses about the role of motor functioning .,In this narrative review drawing primarily on the autism literature by way of example we review current accounts of the nature and consequences of motor functioning . We argue that ongoing adherence to traditional diagnostic outcome classification stands in the face of mounting evidence that characteristics of neurodevelopmental disorders lie on a continuum with variability in the general population and that three broad research avenues stand to offer a better understanding of motor functioning The use of technology and advanced statistical methods for a more nuanced understanding of motor abilities exploiting the prospective longitudinal tracking of at risk infants to understand developmental consequences of early motor difference and employing randomized controlled trials to test the utility of motor therapies whilst also testing causal hypotheses about the role of motor functioning . We consider conventional approaches to measurement and study design and current limited approaches to tackling heterogeneity .156155,To evaluate the efficacy of Neurologic Music Therapy using a traditional and a technological intervention in improving the coordination of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder as a primary outcome and the timing and strength control of their movements as secondary outcomes . Twenty two children with ASD completed 8 NMT sessions as a part of a 2 month intervention . Participants were randomly assigned to either use an elastic touch display or tambourines . We conducted pre and post assessment evaluations including the Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire and motor assessments related to the control of strength and timing of movements . All participants improved their coordination according to the DCDQ scores and exhibited better control of their movements according to the strength and timing assessments after the intervention . Participants who used the elastic touch display scored higher on the DCDQ . NMT is an efficacious treatment to improve the coordination skills of children with ASD . Elastic touch displays provide more benefits than the use of tambourines .,Elastic touch displays provide more benefits than the use of tambourines . Participants who used the elastic touch display scored higher on the DCDQ . We conducted pre and post assessment evaluations including the Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire and motor assessments related to the control of strength and timing of movements .157156,The Test component of the Movement Assessment Battery for Children 2nd Edition is used worldwide to identify children with Developmental Coordination Disorder . In China practitioners have been using this test with the assumption that the published UK norms are valid for Chinese children . However no systematic investigation has previously been undertaken to check this assumption . 2185 children aged 310 years old from a national representative sample in China were therefore recruited to the current study . Performance on the Movement ABC 2 was assessed and compared with the UK standardization norms . Gender differences were also examined . The comparisons revealed that Chinese children were generally better in Manual Dexterity and Balance tasks compared to their UK peers while UK children were better in Aiming Catching tasks . Further analysis showed an interaction of country and age with mixed results . For both countries girls were generally better in Manual Dexterity and Balance tasks and boys were generally better in Aiming Catching . Possible explanations for the country differences are discussed . The results suggest that local norms for the Movement ABC 2 Test are needed in China .,Performance on the Movement ABC 2 was assessed and compared with the UK standardization norms . The Test component of the Movement Assessment Battery for Children 2nd Edition is used worldwide to identify children with Developmental Coordination Disorder . The results suggest that local norms for the Movement ABC 2 Test are needed in China .158157,Students with extensive support needs have the ability to learn a variety of mathematical skills when taught using scientifically validated strategies e.g .,Students with extensive support needs have the ability to learn a variety of mathematical skills when taught using scientifically validated strategies e.g .159158,Many children with developmental coordination disorder have mathematical problems which are more pronounced for mathematical skills that also require executive functions . Although empirical evidence is missing math and special education need teachers of children with DCD report difficulties with mathematical word problem solving that can be remediated by providing the children with scaffolds cueing the intermediate steps . This study aims to find empirical evidence for the effectivity of such additional support . In addition we want to investigate whether the difficulties are due to inefficient arithmetic or executive functioning skills . A DCD and a control group solved word problems with and without scaffolds and conducted a series of tasks measuring calculation and executive skills . Performance improves when scaffolds are presented to children with DCD . Children with DCD and control children differ on executive functioning tasks but perform similarly on arithmetic tests . Providing scaffolds for word problem solving is effective in children with DCD . Scaffolds possibly reduce the required cognitive load making the problem solvable for DCD children that have reduced executive functioning skills .,This study aims to find empirical evidence for the effectivity of such additional support . Although empirical evidence is missing math and special education need teachers of children with DCD report difficulties with mathematical word problem solving that can be remediated by providing the children with scaffolds cueing the intermediate steps . Scaffolds possibly reduce the required cognitive load making the problem solvable for DCD children that have reduced executive functioning skills .160159,Mathematical difficulties in individuals with Williams Syndrome and in individuals with Down Syndrome are well established . Perceptual subitizing and conceptual subitizing are domain specific precursors of mathematical achievement in typically developing population . This study employed for the first time eye tracking methodology to investigate subitizing abilities in WS and DS . Twenty five participants with WS and 24 participants with DS were compared to a younger group of TD children matched for mental age . Participants were asked to enumerate one to six dots arranged either in a dice or a random pattern . Accuracy rates and analyses of reaction time showed no significant differences between the clinical groups and the control group suggesting that all participants used the same processes to perform the enumeration task in the different experimental conditions . Analyses of the eye movements showed that both individuals with WS and individuals with DS were using inefficient scanning strategies when counting . Moreover analyses of the eye movements showed significantly shorter fixation duration in participants with DS compared to the control group in all the experimental conditions . The current study provides evidence that individuals with WS and individuals with DS perform both perceptual subitizing and conceptual subitizing . Moreover our results suggest a fixation instability in DS group that does not affect their performance when subitizing but might explain their low accuracy rates when counting . Findings are discussed in relation to previous studies and the impact for intervention programmes to improve counting and symbolic mathematical abilities in these populations .,The current study provides evidence that individuals with WS and individuals with DS perform both perceptual subitizing and conceptual subitizing . Analyses of the eye movements showed that both individuals with WS and individuals with DS were using inefficient scanning strategies when counting . This study employed for the first time eye tracking methodology to investigate subitizing abilities in WS and DS .161160,A parent coaching intervention program was launched in a Quebec community based organization for autism spectrum disorder . This initiative was intended to support families following the childs diagnosis as they awaited public early intensive behavioral intervention services . The parent mediated intervention program based on the Early Start Denver Model included a 3h parent group training an initial assessment followed by the development of an individualized intervention plan 8 weeks of live coaching a final assessment to evaluate childrens progress and a feedback meeting with families . The present study used a mixed method design to assess the feasibility and acceptability of the program . Ten families and four coaches participated in the present study . Parents and coaches perceived and achieved high levels of implementation overall and there was a moderate improvement of parents teaching skills . All participating families and coaches were satisfied or highly satisfied with the program and found it acceptable .,The present study used a mixed method design to assess the feasibility and acceptability of the program . Parents and coaches perceived and achieved high levels of implementation overall and there was a moderate improvement of parents teaching skills . The parent mediated intervention program based on the Early Start Denver Model included a 3h parent group training an initial assessment followed by the development of an individualized intervention plan 8 weeks of live coaching a final assessment to evaluate childrens progress and a feedback meeting with families .162161,Academic outcomes for autistic individuals are heterogeneous but the reasons for this are unknown . Attention is known to predict learning in typical development but there is less evidence about this relationship in Autism Spectrum Disorders even though attention is reported as atypical in this group . To investigate reading and maths achievement profiles for children with and without an ASD focusing on the role of attention in these profiles and to enable a better understanding of individual differences . Reading maths and attention abilities of 22 autistic children and 59 TD children were measured using standardised assessments . A hierarchical cluster analysis that included all children revealed three distinct transdiagnostic subgroups characterised by children with good average and poorer divided attention and academic achievement respectively . Children with poorer attention and achievement displayed relative weaknesses in maths while children with average or above average attention and achievement showed no such weakness . The findings provide a novel insight into the relationship between attention and achievement and understanding individual differences in ASD and typical development .,The findings provide a novel insight into the relationship between attention and achievement and understanding individual differences in ASD and typical development . Academic outcomes for autistic individuals are heterogeneous but the reasons for this are unknown . To investigate reading and maths achievement profiles for children with and without an ASD focusing on the role of attention in these profiles and to enable a better understanding of individual differences .163162,Despite difficulties entering the workforce people on the autism spectrum are often successful . Furthermore they are suggested to bring unique abilities related to the repetitive and restrictive behaviours and interests diagnostic domain that may be advantageous in employment . This critical and systematic review examined evidence supporting the superior workplace performance of employees on the autism spectrum particularly regarding the RRBI domain . A systematic review evaluated empirical peer reviewed studies that assess employees on the autism spectrums performance in the workplace or on work specific tasks . Nine databases were searched with additional papers identified from reference lists and consultation . Two quantitative and four qualitative papers met criteria . Results reflect themes attention to detail tolerance of repetitive tasks special circumscribed interests other RRBI related advantages concerns . Due to the nature and quality of the identified studies there is currently no strong evidence supporting or negating a workplace autism advantage . This review highlights the need for more research and urges constraint in utilising stereotypes that may not apply to all on the autism spectrum arguing an individual differences approach to supporting autism strengths at work .,This critical and systematic review examined evidence supporting the superior workplace performance of employees on the autism spectrum particularly regarding the RRBI domain . This review highlights the need for more research and urges constraint in utilising stereotypes that may not apply to all on the autism spectrum arguing an individual differences approach to supporting autism strengths at work . Despite difficulties entering the workforce people on the autism spectrum are often successful .164163,Children with Social Communication Disorder or High Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder have persistent deficits in language structure and language use . This feasibility study evaluated a novel parent preference based outcome measure and secondary outcomes associated with the Social Communication Intervention Programme . 15 UK speech and language practitioners identified 20 children aged 511 years with pragmatics language needs . Practitioners received SCIP training and supervision . Children received 20 SCIP therapy sessions . Primary endpoint was a goal attainment scale . Before intervention parents provided three prioritised communication goals refined into a series of steps . After intervention parents and practitioners rated each goal compared to T1 and parents provided a narrative on outcomes . Secondary outcomes Childrens Communication Checklist 2 Social Language Development Test and observational ratings of conversational interaction . All children except one progressed on T2 SCIP GAS parent outcomes . All children progressed on practitioner SCIP GAS ratings . 82.5 of parent comments supported their own SCIP GAS ratings . Secondary outcomes measures Only SLDT Making Inferences scores and TOPICC 2 ratings showed improvement at T2 . A preference based social communication measure showed feasibility as an outcome measure following social communication intervention for children who have HFASD or SPCD .,This feasibility study evaluated a novel parent preference based outcome measure and secondary outcomes associated with the Social Communication Intervention Programme . Secondary outcomes Childrens Communication Checklist 2 Social Language Development Test and observational ratings of conversational interaction . 82.5 of parent comments supported their own SCIP GAS ratings .165164,Individuals with mild intellectual disability or borderline intellectual functioning are at high risk for developing post traumatic stress disorder and substance use disorders . In individuals without MID BIF Seeking Safety is found to be effective in treating PTSD and SUD simultaneously . However little is known about integrated treatment of PTSD and SUD in individuals with MID BIF . This review aims to provide an overview of studies about this type of triple psychopathology as well as PTSD or SUD in individuals with MID BIF . No studies were found on integrated treatment of PTSD and SUD in individuals with MID BIF . Thirty two studies were found on treatment of either PTSD or SUD in individuals with MID BIF . Only 9.4 of these studies mentioned the co morbidity of PTSD and SUD . Suggestions for adapting treatment to individuals with MID BIF were provided on communication structure non verbal elements network coping skills therapeutic relationship and use of suitable and reliable instruments to measure treatment progress . More research is needed on the effectivity of EMDR or Imaginary Exposure combined with SUD treatment and on the adaption of SeSa tot individuals with MID BIF as well as on this type of triple psychopathology in general .,Only 9.4 of these studies mentioned the co morbidity of PTSD and SUD . More research is needed on the effectivity of EMDR or Imaginary Exposure combined with SUD treatment and on the adaption of SeSa tot individuals with MID BIF as well as on this type of triple psychopathology in general . No studies were found on integrated treatment of PTSD and SUD in individuals with MID BIF .166165,Public support for the rights of persons with intellectual disability and their acceptance in local communities has been rarely studied internationally and the variables associated with more positive attitudes remain to be confirmed . To develop and test a model that brought together personal organisational and national predictors related to public attitudes that have been previously identified in past research . Self completed online surveys were undertaken with market research panels in 17 countries and in eight cities in the USA with a total of 36 508 respondents who were representative in terms of gender and age . Path analysis was used to explore the inter relationships among the predictor possible mediating and outcomes variables . The resulting model was a good fit for the data . Support for the rights and community acceptance of people with ID was highest among university educated respondents those who were comfortable at meeting people with ID and those living in countries with very high ratings on the Inequality Adjusted Human Development Index . The model could guide further research into public attitudes alongside the development of interventions to promote more positive attitudes . Further research into the validity of the model is proposed .,Further research into the validity of the model is proposed . The model could guide further research into public attitudes alongside the development of interventions to promote more positive attitudes . The resulting model was a good fit for the data .167166,It has been hypothesised that deficits in the functions of predictive motor control and internal modeling may contribute to motor control issues of children with Developmental Coordination Disorder . Virtual reality technologies have great potential to provide opportunity for Motor observation and motor imagery which could enhance learning and development of motor skills in children with DCD . Thus the present study aimed to investigate the benefits of a VR training intervention to improve predictive motor control functions of children with DCD . Forty female children with DCD were randomly assigned to VR and control groups . In this study an experimental pre post and follow up design was used and Predictive motor control functions were measured before and after the VR intervention and two months later . Predictive motor control was evaluated using MI action planning and rapid and online control tests . VR intervention consisted of a selection of Xbox 360 Kinect games that were performed for sixteen 30 min sessions over 8 weeks . Compared to the control group the VR group improved significantly on measures of MI motor planning and rapid and online control scores from pre to post test and retained their performance to follow up . Overall it seems that virtual reality training program may be used as an appropriate intervention approach for developing the ability of MI and predictive motor control functions in DCD children .,Thus the present study aimed to investigate the benefits of a VR training intervention to improve predictive motor control functions of children with DCD . In this study an experimental pre post and follow up design was used and Predictive motor control functions were measured before and after the VR intervention and two months later . Compared to the control group the VR group improved significantly on measures of MI motor planning and rapid and online control scores from pre to post test and retained their performance to follow up .168167,The dual task paradigm is an ecologically valid approach to assess cognitive function in relation with motor demands particularly for children with Down syndrome . This study aimed to determine DT performance for a complex Change of Direction walking task in children with DS . The sample included 12 children with DS 12 typically developing children matched for chronological and 12 TD children matched for mental age . We examined DT performance with the Trail Walking Test participants walked along a fixed pathway following a prescribed path delineated by target markers of increasing sequential numbers and increasing sequential numbers and letters . Motor and cognitive dual task costs were calculated . For the TWT an ANOVA with repeated measures revealed significant differences between DS and the CA but not the MA group . Overall there were significant decreases in speed with increasing cognitive demands . In addition all children produced higher cognitive compared to motor DTC which were more pronounced in the cognitively more challenging condition . The assessment of motor and cognitive performance in a DT paradigm provided insight in how motor and or cognitive impairment constrains the ability of children to successfully perform activities in a complex and dynamical environment .,For the TWT an ANOVA with repeated measures revealed significant differences between DS and the CA but not the MA group . The assessment of motor and cognitive performance in a DT paradigm provided insight in how motor and or cognitive impairment constrains the ability of children to successfully perform activities in a complex and dynamical environment . In addition all children produced higher cognitive compared to motor DTC which were more pronounced in the cognitively more challenging condition .169168,This paper reviews and discusses research on arithmetical strengths and weaknesses in children with specific developmental cognitive disabilities . It focusses on children with dyslexia developmental language disorder attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and autism . In general studies show that arithmetical weaknesses are commoner in children with any of these disorders than in controls . Autism is sometimes associated with specific strengths in arithmetic but even in autism it is commoner for arithmetic to be a relative weakness than a relative strength . There may be some genetic reasons why there is an overlap between mathematical difficulties and other developmental learning difficulties but much of the reason seems to be that specific aspects of arithmetic are often influenced by other factors including language comprehension phonological awareness verbal and spatial working memory and long term memory and executive functions . The findings discussed here will be discussed in relation to Penningtons Multiple Deficit Model .,This paper reviews and discusses research on arithmetical strengths and weaknesses in children with specific developmental cognitive disabilities . The findings discussed here will be discussed in relation to Penningtons Multiple Deficit Model . There may be some genetic reasons why there is an overlap between mathematical difficulties and other developmental learning difficulties but much of the reason seems to be that specific aspects of arithmetic are often influenced by other factors including language comprehension phonological awareness verbal and spatial working memory and long term memory and executive functions .170169,Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder show a heightened drive toward systemizing which is the capability to analyze or the drive to construct a rule based system . In addition executive function deficits as well as diminished language capacity and vocabulary have been consistently demonstrated in individuals with ASD . The primary purpose of this study was to create a model to understand how these constructs interact in children with ASD . Forty six children diagnosed with ASD along with their parents and teachers participated . All children completed standardized vocabulary testing . For each child one parent and one teacher completed executive function and systemizing scales . For parents and teachers systemizing was significantly associated with vocabulary . For parents systematizing was significantly associated with all executive function subscales however for teachers systemizing was only significantly associated with half of the executive function subscales . The mediation model indicated that the relationship between vocabulary and systemizing was fully mediated by executive function for parents but the model was not significant for teachers . This model demonstrates that systemizing vocabulary and executive function should not be studied in isolation when attempting to understand the behaviors of children with ASD and can help us to better plan educational and therapeutic interventions .,The mediation model indicated that the relationship between vocabulary and systemizing was fully mediated by executive function for parents but the model was not significant for teachers . The primary purpose of this study was to create a model to understand how these constructs interact in children with ASD . This model demonstrates that systemizing vocabulary and executive function should not be studied in isolation when attempting to understand the behaviors of children with ASD and can help us to better plan educational and therapeutic interventions .171170,Positive dimension of mental health has gained less attention in previous research on individuals with neurodevelopmenal disorders . However knowledge on factors associated with mental well being is crucial for planning effective interventions for this target group . The aim of the study was to investigate the determinants of positive mental health among young adults with neurodevelopmental disorders . The study sample consisted of 171 young adults with a diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder or ADHD ADD . The data were collected with questionnaires . The mean score of SWEMWBS was 20.98 . Provisions of social relationships functional capacity and self rated state of health associated independently with positive mental health . The level of positive mental health of study participants was relatively low compared with previous studies in other clinical settings or general populations . Promotion of social competence and social relationship should be included in rehabilitation programmes targeted at individuals with neurodevelopmental disorder . This may be beneficial in reaching also other goals set for the rehabilitation such as increasing capacity to work or study .,The aim of the study was to investigate the determinants of positive mental health among young adults with neurodevelopmental disorders . The mean score of SWEMWBS was 20.98 . Promotion of social competence and social relationship should be included in rehabilitation programmes targeted at individuals with neurodevelopmental disorder .172171,Childrens executive functioning is often negatively associated with a developmental language disorder and positively related to bilingualism . However both regarding children with DLD and bilingual children findings are mixed and few studies have investigated the combination of DLD and bilingualism in relation to EF . This study investigated the effects of DLD and bilingualism on childrens EF development . Monolingual and bilingual children with DLD and typical development TD Monolinguals and bilinguals with DLD had weak working memory and inhibition skills at each time point compared to TD peers which could partly be explained by verbal short term memory limitations . Positive effects of bilingualism emerged when controlling for Dutch vocabulary and morphology skills and were most pronounced at time 1 . Monolinguals and bilinguals with DLD have similar and persistent EF deficits which are partly secondary to verbal short term memory weaknesses . Bilinguals performed better on EF than monolinguals when Dutch language knowledge was controlled for . This effect was found regardless of DLD and was most prominent at age 56 years .,This study investigated the effects of DLD and bilingualism on childrens EF development . This effect was found regardless of DLD and was most prominent at age 56 years . Positive effects of bilingualism emerged when controlling for Dutch vocabulary and morphology skills and were most pronounced at time 1 .173172,Student focused planning has emerged as a primary indicator of post school success . However without mandated policies or procedures in place for transition planning in Australia students with autism will continue to be minimally engaged or completely disengaged from the transition planning process in schools . This is likely to significantly impact post school outcomes for these students . While previous studies have investigated the extent of student involvement in their IEP transition planning meetings none of these studies considered the views of students with autism despite research suggesting that children are experts of their own experiences and their own lives . The aim of the current study was to determine how involved students with autism were in the transition planning process . Interviews were conducted with 18 students with autism aged 1518 years . Interviews were analysed using inductive content analysis . The results revealed that students lacked knowledge of the transition planning process however many students expressed the desire to be significantly involved in the process . The majority of students reported that they only contributed minimally during meetings . Numerous students reported being unaware of existing transition practices that were in place for them . There is an urgent need for transition planning to be mandated in Australia to allow students with disabilities to receive appropriate support in school .,The aim of the current study was to determine how involved students with autism were in the transition planning process . The majority of students reported that they only contributed minimally during meetings . Numerous students reported being unaware of existing transition practices that were in place for them .174173,Researchers seldom focus on the services needed for Hispanic children with ASD especially in regard to physical activity . The purpose of this study was to explore why Hispanic families with children with ASD seek out and participate in PA and to describe the strategies and supports needed by Hispanic families of children with ASD to improve PA participation . Participants in this descriptive qualitative study were Hispanic parents of children with ASD who participated in one on one semi structured telephone interviews . Interviews were transcribed and then analyzed using thematic line by line analysis . Two major themes emerged from the data 1 Personal Responsibility and 2 Every Day is a Different Challenge . Parents were motivated to engage in PA because of perceived health benefits for themselves and their children . Parents faced famililal and external barriers that impacted their participation . Participants commented on the role of culture in the context of these barriers . Further research is needed regarding culturally responsive PA interventions for Hispanic families with children with ASD .,The purpose of this study was to explore why Hispanic families with children with ASD seek out and participate in PA and to describe the strategies and supports needed by Hispanic families of children with ASD to improve PA participation . Participants commented on the role of culture in the context of these barriers . Researchers seldom focus on the services needed for Hispanic children with ASD especially in regard to physical activity .175174,In Italy due to the COVID 19 emergency hospitals and health services were required to undergo rapid changes in organization and assistance delivery in order to control the epidemic outbreak . The confinement of the population and the outbreak impact on health care systems disrupted the routine care for non COVID 19 patients . Particular challenges have been faced for services working with neurodevelopmental disabilities and pediatric neurological disorders . We present the adaptation of our Child Neurology and Developmental Neuropsychology Service at the Developmental Neurology Unit which is responsible for cognitive and behavioral assessment of children with neurodevelopmental disorders and neurological diseases on an inpatient outpatient basis to the epidemic outbreak . In particular we describe the introduction of telehealth in clinical practice and provide qualitative and quantitative data regarding the feasibility of the telemedicine protocol and the level of satisfaction experienced by families . Patients admitted on an inpatient basis are limited to non deferrable cases all patients do pre admission screening to exclude COVID 19 infection . Child neurologists and psychologists have switched the out patient visits to telemedicine sessions despite they had little to no previous experience in telemedicine . Families response to the proposal of video sessions has been positive with 93 of families accepting it preparing appropriate devices and conditions to participate at home . Main barriers to tele sessions access were socio economic and linguistic disadvantage together with familiar health issues . The Telemedicine Satisfaction Questionnaire revealed high level of agreementi between expected care and actual care received by patients and caregivers . The experience of our Service confirms the importance of an inclusive response to emergency with respect to people with disabilities ensuring the quality and continuity of care in times of population quarantine . Our experience could be useful worldwide to evaluate the feasibility of the Italian emergency response applied to the assistance of children with neurodevelopmental disabilities .,The confinement of the population and the outbreak impact on health care systems disrupted the routine care for non COVID 19 patients . The experience of our Service confirms the importance of an inclusive response to emergency with respect to people with disabilities ensuring the quality and continuity of care in times of population quarantine . In particular we describe the introduction of telehealth in clinical practice and provide qualitative and quantitative data regarding the feasibility of the telemedicine protocol and the level of satisfaction experienced by families .176175,Even though it has been widely known that parents influence physical activity behaviors of children without disabilities there is no consensus about the effects of parents on PA behaviors of children with disabilities . The purpose of this study was to systematically review published literature examining the effects of parents on PA behaviors of children with disabilities . A systematic literature search was performed in three databases . The search identified 13 studies which met predetermined inclusion criteria . Of the 13 studies 10 studies were conducted in United States and Canada . The remaining three studies were from three different countries Italy Australia and Hong Kong . From the 13 studies 24 parental factors were identified and categorized into four different dimensions a The associations between parental factors and PA behaviors in children with disabilities varied depending on the dimensions of the parental factors . Further studies are warranted to confirm the association between parental factors and PA behaviors in children with disabilities including cross cultural comparisons .,The purpose of this study was to systematically review published literature examining the effects of parents on PA behaviors of children with disabilities . Of the 13 studies 10 studies were conducted in United States and Canada . From the 13 studies 24 parental factors were identified and categorized into four different dimensions a The associations between parental factors and PA behaviors in children with disabilities varied depending on the dimensions of the parental factors .177176,Individuals with autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability more frequently experience potentially traumatic events and may be more vulnerable to trauma related symptoms . However it is unclear how such symptoms are captured on tools used for behavioural and psychiatric assessment in this population . To explore whether and how PTEs are associated with symptom reports in adults with ASD and ID . Associations and group differences for death of a close relative and serious disease injury in a close relative caregiver friend were explored in a clinical sample of 171 adults with ASD and ID referred for psychiatric assessment . Symptoms were measured using Aberrant Behavior Checklist and Psychopathology in Autism Checklist . Disease injury was associated with higher scores on ABC irritability ABC hyperactivity and self injurious behaviour . Death was associated with lower scores on ABC lethargy and ABC stereotypic behaviour . Some associations reached significance only when controlling for ASD ID or verbal language skills but the identified associations were not robust . No associations were found for PAC . There is a risk of under appreciating the impact of PTEs in this population unless ASD ID and verbal language skills are taken into account .,There is a risk of under appreciating the impact of PTEs in this population unless ASD ID and verbal language skills are taken into account . Death was associated with lower scores on ABC lethargy and ABC stereotypic behaviour . To explore whether and how PTEs are associated with symptom reports in adults with ASD and ID .178177,Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder has been associated with hyperfocus a transient experience of enhanced attentional focus and diminished awareness of time and the environment . This study aims to investigate the association between the frequency duration and pervasiveness of hyperfocus across different situations in adults with and without ADHD . Within a healthy sample assessed in different studies which need to be addressed in future research .,This study aims to investigate the association between the frequency duration and pervasiveness of hyperfocus across different situations in adults with and without ADHD . Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder has been associated with hyperfocus a transient experience of enhanced attentional focus and diminished awareness of time and the environment . Within a healthy sample assessed in different studies which need to be addressed in future research .179178,While COVID 19 outbreak has had adverse psychological effects in children with special needs the mental state and burden on their caregivers during this pandemic has yet to be reported . The objectives of this study were to describe the mental health status and the change in perceived strain among caregivers during the COVID 19 outbreak . Two hundred sixty four caregivers completed an online survey that assessed demographics use and perspective on tele rehabilitation homecare therapy caregivers strain and mental health . The prevalence of depression anxiety and stress symptoms were found to be 62.5 20.5 and 36.4 respectively . A significant difference in caregiver strain This study identified a high prevalence of depression and significant change in strain displayed by caregivers during the COVID 19 outbreak . We identified several factors associated with poor mental health and perceived strain that can be used to help safeguard caregivers .,The objectives of this study were to describe the mental health status and the change in perceived strain among caregivers during the COVID 19 outbreak . We identified several factors associated with poor mental health and perceived strain that can be used to help safeguard caregivers . The prevalence of depression anxiety and stress symptoms were found to be 62.5 20.5 and 36.4 respectively .180179,Research shows that parents of children with autism spectrum disorder are burdened with childcare responsibilities and at increased risk for elevated stress and poor family quality of life . Little is known however about the dynamic interactions between mothers and fathers perceived parenting stress in relating to parental involvement and FQOL especially in the Chinese cultural context . This study examined the intrapersonal and interpersonal effects of parenting stress on parental involvement and FQOL for families of children with ASD in mainland China . A total of 210 Chinese couples total Both parents parenting stress was negatively associated with their own involvement and FQOL . Moreover fathers parenting stress was indirectly related to mothers perceptions of FQOL through their involvement in the care of their child with ASD . The findings highlight the important roles of fathers parenting stress and involvement in affecting their own and their partners satisfaction with FQOL within Chinese families raising a child with ASD .,This study examined the intrapersonal and interpersonal effects of parenting stress on parental involvement and FQOL for families of children with ASD in mainland China . Little is known however about the dynamic interactions between mothers and fathers perceived parenting stress in relating to parental involvement and FQOL especially in the Chinese cultural context . Moreover fathers parenting stress was indirectly related to mothers perceptions of FQOL through their involvement in the care of their child with ASD .181180,Insomnia is highly prevalent in children with neurodevelopmental disorders yet little research exists on sleep treatment access utilization and provision in this population . This study explores barriers and facilitators to access use and provision of treatment for sleep problems as experienced by parents of children with NDDs including Autism Spectrum Disorder Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Cerebral Palsy and Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder and health care professionals who work with children with these conditions . Transcripts from online focus groups and interviews conducted separately with parents of children with NDDs parent factors and the challenging intensive nature of sleep treatment . Facilitators included positive beliefs and attitudes education support and ability to modify treatments for NDD symptoms . Barriers and facilitators were similar across all four NDDs . Results highlight a need for more education about sleep in NDDs and to develop accessible interventions as well as the potential of a transdiagnostic approach to sleep treatment in this population .,Transcripts from online focus groups and interviews conducted separately with parents of children with NDDs parent factors and the challenging intensive nature of sleep treatment . Results highlight a need for more education about sleep in NDDs and to develop accessible interventions as well as the potential of a transdiagnostic approach to sleep treatment in this population . This study explores barriers and facilitators to access use and provision of treatment for sleep problems as experienced by parents of children with NDDs including Autism Spectrum Disorder Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Cerebral Palsy and Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder and health care professionals who work with children with these conditions .182181,Playfulness is well known to be vital for child development . However not much is known regarding One hundred forty two families living in Israel and their children aged 47 years participated in the study . Parent child play interaction was videotaped and coded for parental playfulness . Parents reported on child BP using the CBCL questionnaire . Parents in the ID group showed lower levels of playfulness compared to parents in the TD group . Fathers playfulness acted as a moderator in the link between developmental status and child BP . These results highlight the unique role of fathers playfulness in the developmental status of a child diagnosed with ID .,These results highlight the unique role of fathers playfulness in the developmental status of a child diagnosed with ID . Parents in the ID group showed lower levels of playfulness compared to parents in the TD group . Parents reported on child BP using the CBCL questionnaire .183182,There is increasing evidence that children with developmental coordination disorder have deficits in sensory motor integration but it is unclear whether the sense of agency generated by sensory motor integration is altered . To investigate whether there is a difference in the time window for SoA between children with DCD and typically developing children . An agency attribution task was used to quantitatively measure and compare the time window for SoA in 15 children with DCD and 46 children in the TD group . Variables that correlated with the time window for SoA were also examined in both groups of children . The time window for SoA was significantly extended in children with DCD compared to TD children . The time window for SoA in TD children was significantly associated with manual dexterity whereas the time window for SoA in children with DCD was significantly associated with depressive tendency . The time window for SoA is altered in children with DCD . The present results suggest that there may be a bidirectional relationship between an internal model deficit and depressive tendency and SoA in children with DCD .,The present results suggest that there may be a bidirectional relationship between an internal model deficit and depressive tendency and SoA in children with DCD . Variables that correlated with the time window for SoA were also examined in both groups of children . An agency attribution task was used to quantitatively measure and compare the time window for SoA in 15 children with DCD and 46 children in the TD group .184183,The presence of child disabilities might affect the amount of caregiving attention the child receives with potential ramifications on the development of the child and increasing the likelihood of developing a more severe condition . Little is known about the association between child disabilities and caregiving practices in less developed countries penalized by both lack of data and a research bias toward western societies . In this study we apply data mining methods on a large Our results highlight that compared to other types of disabilities intellectual disabilities increased the risk of being neglected by the caregiver in those activities oriented to the cognitive development . The education of the caregiver and the socioeconomical development of the country are actively involved in the moderation of the risk . We demonstrated that educational policies of parental training such as psychoeducation regarding intellectual disabilities and destigmatization campaigns are needed to benefit parental practices in low and middle income countries .,In this study we apply data mining methods on a large Our results highlight that compared to other types of disabilities intellectual disabilities increased the risk of being neglected by the caregiver in those activities oriented to the cognitive development . The education of the caregiver and the socioeconomical development of the country are actively involved in the moderation of the risk . The presence of child disabilities might affect the amount of caregiving attention the child receives with potential ramifications on the development of the child and increasing the likelihood of developing a more severe condition .185184,Studying sit to stand in children with Cerebral Palsy addressing the domains of ICF allows determining the factors influencing STS in this population . To systematically review the literature on STS in children with CP identifying which ICF domains have been assessed and how they relate to sit to stand . A literature search was conducted in electronic databases by combining the keywords AND AND . We included cross sectional articles published in English that assessed STS movements in children with CP up to 18 years old . 25 articles met the inclusion criteria . All of them assessed Body Functions and Structure . According to them body alignment muscle strength and postural sway affect STS movement . Six studies related Activity and Participation with STS demonstrating that worse scores in scales that evaluate activities and participation are related to the poorer STS execution . Contextual factors were addressed in 15 studies childrens age bench height manipulation of sensory information and mechanical restriction impact the way children execute STS . Contextual factors and Body Functions and Structure impact the STS in children with CP . However few studies have evaluated the participation of these children . Based on the theoretical framework of the ICF it is important that future studies evaluate functional tasks in children with CP and the components that can affect them . The adoption of the biopsychosocial model strengthens the understanding of functioning which can contribute to rehabilitation planning .,The adoption of the biopsychosocial model strengthens the understanding of functioning which can contribute to rehabilitation planning . Studying sit to stand in children with Cerebral Palsy addressing the domains of ICF allows determining the factors influencing STS in this population . Based on the theoretical framework of the ICF it is important that future studies evaluate functional tasks in children with CP and the components that can affect them .186185,Specific learning disorders are common as is their comorbidity . It has been suggested that the core cognitive deficit in dyscalculia is an impairment in numerical magnitude processing similarly in dyslexia phonological processing deficits are considered to be the main cognitive deficit . Cognitive theories on comorbid dyslexia dyscalculia have suggested a number of hypotheses about which cognitive deficits underlie the comorbidity . However few studies have thus far directly compared the abovementioned cognitive correlates of dyscalculia and dyslexia .,Cognitive theories on comorbid dyslexia dyscalculia have suggested a number of hypotheses about which cognitive deficits underlie the comorbidity . However few studies have thus far directly compared the abovementioned cognitive correlates of dyscalculia and dyslexia . It has been suggested that the core cognitive deficit in dyscalculia is an impairment in numerical magnitude processing similarly in dyslexia phonological processing deficits are considered to be the main cognitive deficit .187186,In recent years consumers emotional responses have been found to be an important complement to sensory and hedonic evaluations for the prediction of food choice and consumption behaviour . Given this trend it is essential that the influence of contextual variables on emotion are investigated . The present study contributes to the discussion with an investigation of the effect of social context on implicit emotional responses to food images . 87 participants viewed food images of varying acceptability either alone with a stranger or with a friend . Subjective liking ratings were measured using a labelled affective magnitude scale and facial muscle activity from zygomaticus major corrugator supercilii and levator labii superioris were measured with an EMG recording system . Controlling for individual differences in facial expressivity and food image acceptability using linear mixed models it was found that the presence of a co acting stranger facilitated muscle activity indicative of a disgust response increased the strength of relationship between muscle activity and subjective liking ratings and led to lower subjective liking overall . No differences in muscle activity or subjective liking were found between subjects who participated alone and with a co acting friend . This suggests that the influence of social context is complex where the relationship between the subject and the social environment can impact both hedonic and emotional evaluations of food stimuli . These findings indicate that facial EMG can be a useful dynamic and implicit measure of emotion in consumer research but it is critical to consider the social context of the testing environment .,This suggests that the influence of social context is complex where the relationship between the subject and the social environment can impact both hedonic and emotional evaluations of food stimuli . The present study contributes to the discussion with an investigation of the effect of social context on implicit emotional responses to food images . Given this trend it is essential that the influence of contextual variables on emotion are investigated .188187,Current lifestyles always pose increasing time pressure that can result in unhealthy diets . Our study addresses the role that high quality plant based convenience foods can play in promoting healthier consumptions . While convenience foods are in fact often associated with poor nutritional values the spread of healthy convenience foods could respond to the needs of new lifestyles and promote better food choices . The study is based on a multicomponent model of the Theory of Planned Behaviour that has made it possible to verify how control factors such as cooking skills product availability budget time pressure and interest in healthy eating can affect the consumption of precooked plant based foods . The results of Structural Equation Models applied to a sample representative of the Italian population highlight the presence of a consistent group of consumers that consider plant based convenience foods as a useful means to improve their diet . For this cluster the control factors that significantly influence behaviour are market availability interest in healthy eating and time pressure . The advancements in knowledge that this research produces are translated into guidelines for producers retailers and policy makers that in synergy might encourage consumers to replace unhealthy foods with healthy ones .,For this cluster the control factors that significantly influence behaviour are market availability interest in healthy eating and time pressure . While convenience foods are in fact often associated with poor nutritional values the spread of healthy convenience foods could respond to the needs of new lifestyles and promote better food choices . Our study addresses the role that high quality plant based convenience foods can play in promoting healthier consumptions .189188,Intensive cattle production is one of the primary causes of biodiversity loss . Pasture based animal husbandry has the potential to reverse this negative trend . Pasture raised livestock products represent a premium niche with an extra value through a cleaner environmental footprint and care for animal welfare including wildlife . This review focuses on recent scientific findings in consumer behavior regarding pasture raised products . A systematic literature search was conducted in online databases using a fixed search term . Thirty nine relevant consumer studies published between 2000 and 2019 in the English language were selected for the review . The Alphabet Theory was applied as a theoretical framework to analyze the findings .,Intensive cattle production is one of the primary causes of biodiversity loss . Thirty nine relevant consumer studies published between 2000 and 2019 in the English language were selected for the review . The Alphabet Theory was applied as a theoretical framework to analyze the findings .190189,Current food trends such as healthy eating plant based diets and sustainability encourage consumers to eat more vegetables . However it is a challenge for many including the younger generations to meet the dietary recommendations regarding vegetable intake . The purpose of this study was to investigate if vegetable convenience products can increase the daily intake of vegetables among young consumers .,The purpose of this study was to investigate if vegetable convenience products can increase the daily intake of vegetables among young consumers . However it is a challenge for many including the younger generations to meet the dietary recommendations regarding vegetable intake . Current food trends such as healthy eating plant based diets and sustainability encourage consumers to eat more vegetables .191190,Grandparents are playing an increasingly important role in shaping the nutrition environment and eating behaviours of their grandchildren . Yet research assessing the various feeding practices of grandparents and the association between grandparents engagement in these practices and the nutritional quality of the food consumed by their grandchild is limited . Accordingly the present study examined the feeding practices of grandparents who report providing childcare to their grandchildren developed and tested a model linking the various practices of grandparent caregivers to the frequency with which their grandchildren consume healthy and unhealthy foods while in grandparental care and explored the socio demographic predictors of engagement in feeding practices . An online survey was administered to grandparents who reported providing regular care to at least one grandchild aged 314years,Accordingly the present study examined the feeding practices of grandparents who report providing childcare to their grandchildren developed and tested a model linking the various practices of grandparent caregivers to the frequency with which their grandchildren consume healthy and unhealthy foods while in grandparental care and explored the socio demographic predictors of engagement in feeding practices . Yet research assessing the various feeding practices of grandparents and the association between grandparents engagement in these practices and the nutritional quality of the food consumed by their grandchild is limited . Grandparents are playing an increasingly important role in shaping the nutrition environment and eating behaviours of their grandchildren .192191,Recent studies have pointed out some cross modal correspondences between flavoured beverages as well as basic taste solutions and specific geometric visual cues . Some of them associate known drink tastes to shapes of receptacles . In particular sweetness is associated with curved receptacles and bitterness with sharp angled ones . Our study aimed to test the hypothesis according to which near threshold solutions might also activate this cross modal correspondence . We used two different cup forms one curved and the other sharp angled with pure sweet and bitter solutions just above sensorial thresholds . We designed two tasks using a two alternative forced choice test . Participants had to decide which drink was sweeter Task 1 and bitterer Task 2 from the curved and sharp angled cups . Results showed the cross modal correspondence but only when participants drank first from the curved cup and second from the sharp angled cup . The effect disappeared when participants drank first from the sharp angled cup and second from the curved cup . This suggests that the correspondence emerges using sweet and bitter near threshold solutions in specific conditions . On the other hand results also showed that confidence level of responses was significantly higher in the bitter task than in the sweet task . We discuss these complex results in the light of different theoretical proposals to explain this cross modal correspondence .,On the other hand results also showed that confidence level of responses was significantly higher in the bitter task than in the sweet task . We discuss these complex results in the light of different theoretical proposals to explain this cross modal correspondence . This suggests that the correspondence emerges using sweet and bitter near threshold solutions in specific conditions .193192,Consumers physiological responses such as heart rate electrodermal responses and frontal alpha activity can enhance the understanding of the consumers food experience . This study looked at physiological responses of the autonomic nervous system as a measure for level of arousal and to responses of the central nervous system as a measure for approach withdrawal motivational tendency to accepted and non accepted solutions and drinks .,This study looked at physiological responses of the autonomic nervous system as a measure for level of arousal and to responses of the central nervous system as a measure for approach withdrawal motivational tendency to accepted and non accepted solutions and drinks . Consumers physiological responses such as heart rate electrodermal responses and frontal alpha activity can enhance the understanding of the consumers food experience .194193,Front of package nutrition labels are designed to help consumers evaluate the healthiness of foods and to promote healthier food choices . In this study an online experiment with Swiss consumers,Front of package nutrition labels are designed to help consumers evaluate the healthiness of foods and to promote healthier food choices . In this study an online experiment with Swiss consumers195194,The Dietary Guidelines for Americans stress the importance of a diet high in vegetables however intake remains low . Recently we found that self identified low vegetable consumers ate the recommended daily amounts of vegetables when they were provided,Recently we found that self identified low vegetable consumers ate the recommended daily amounts of vegetables when they were provided The Dietary Guidelines for Americans stress the importance of a diet high in vegetables however intake remains low .196195,Immersive technologies such as virtual reality and augmented reality have been recently explored in the field of food consumption studies from different perspectives . The present study utilized virtual reality technology in a within subject experiment with three conditions to examine whether a varying virtual eating environment can alter consumers emotional responses to the eating situation and whether the resulting emotional responses correlate with consumers wanting liking and hedonic evaluations of healthy and unhealthy snacks . In addition the study analyzed whether a virtual eating environment that generates a positive emotional response can raise consumers rating of a healthy snack to the same level as an unhealthy snack consumed in a plain unimmersed environment . The results showed a correlation between positive emotional responses and the pre tasting evaluations of both snacks . In terms of hedonic evaluations positive emotional responses correlated mainly with consumers evaluation of the unhealthy snack . When pre tasting wanting and liking evaluations are compared between experimental conditions the results indicate that a healthy snack is rated higher in a virtual reality environment that induces a more positive emotional response . The healthy snack was also rated at the same level as the unhealthy snack consumed in a plain environment . No differences between conditions were observed in consumers hedonic evaluations of the products . EEG and heart rate measurement results indicate that this might be because tasting a healthy snack generates more cognitive processing than an unhealthy snack . This might reduce the influence of the virtual eating environment on consumers evaluations . To conclude virtual reality technologies might have the potential to support consumers eating experiences and healthy food choices by improving their evaluations of the products .,This might reduce the influence of the virtual eating environment on consumers evaluations . In terms of hedonic evaluations positive emotional responses correlated mainly with consumers evaluation of the unhealthy snack . The results showed a correlation between positive emotional responses and the pre tasting evaluations of both snacks .197196,Food package labels can significantly influence food portion size choice . In this research we investigate whether package labels featuring the word surprise influence food portion size choice of hedonic snacks . Surprise appeals are used frequently by the food industry to encourage product choice but their effect on portion size choice is not yet well understood . In four experimental studies we investigate the effect of surprise labelswithout changing the level of information about the producton food portion size choice . We consistently find that surprise labels compared to conventional labels increase food portion size choice . We furthermore show that this effect is driven by an increase in anticipated enjoyment associated with the surprise labeled snack . Theoretically our findings contribute to literature on the implications of the halo effect in food portion size choice by showing that a surprise label triggers a positive halo effect and thereby increases portion size choice .,In four experimental studies we investigate the effect of surprise labelswithout changing the level of information about the producton food portion size choice . We furthermore show that this effect is driven by an increase in anticipated enjoyment associated with the surprise labeled snack . In this research we investigate whether package labels featuring the word surprise influence food portion size choice of hedonic snacks .198197,In the last decade considerable interest was given to the measurement of emotional responses to samples . Such measures were designed to go beyond liking and better understand how the actual product with or without a context could elicit positive of negative emotions that help inform overall product performance . Products can be optimised according to their emotions profile as well as their sensory profile and such information is valuable from a marketing point of view as it opens new doors for advertising claims etc . What needs further investigation is how relevant and how valid this information is . In recent studies it was argued that emotional responses are not so much driven by the samples themselves but by the context gravitating around the samples and around the assessors .,In the last decade considerable interest was given to the measurement of emotional responses to samples . In recent studies it was argued that emotional responses are not so much driven by the samples themselves but by the context gravitating around the samples and around the assessors . What needs further investigation is how relevant and how valid this information is .199198,At Australian wine shows public tastings after formal judging provide an efficient condition for consumer preference testing to identify wine styles that are both liked and innovative . The aim of this study was to devise a method to conveniently obtain that information . We developed a new method relative preference mapping based on projective mapping and using relative scoring to make the task cognitively less demanding . Using wine consumers we tested the concept of a two dimensional labelled map to identify an innovative product and determined the level of difficulty in using a map scale .. The RPM method highlighted innovative wine styles those wines that were simultaneously liked and considered different to a reference . Liking results from the RPM method were similar to results from the traditional 9 point hedonic scale providing validity for the preference component of the new method . RPM conveniently and simultaneously identifies preferred and innovative wine styles in a 2D product map a unique contribution that no other scale is capable of achieving .,The aim of this study was to devise a method to conveniently obtain that information . Using wine consumers we tested the concept of a two dimensional labelled map to identify an innovative product and determined the level of difficulty in using a map scale .. Liking results from the RPM method were similar to results from the traditional 9 point hedonic scale providing validity for the preference component of the new method .200199,Since a variety of packaging and containers have become commercially available in the market there has been a rapidly growing interest in the influences of hand feel touch cues on consumer perceptions and emotional responses toward food and beverage products . This study aimed to determine whether hand feel touch cues of cup sleeve materials could be associated with imagined and consumed basic tastes and thereby affect the perception of brewed coffee . Participants were asked to evaluate twelve different cup sleeve materials with respect to evoked emotions and their degree of matching with each of the four basic taste qualities and brewed coffee related flavor attributes . Individual cup sleeve materials were found to be more associated with specific taste qualities coffee related flavors and emotions . Hand feel touch cues of different sleeves were also found to be associated with taste qualities consumed . For example towel linen stainless steel and cardboard materials were matched with sweet salty sour and bitter taste qualities respectively . Specific physical characteristics of cup sleeve materials were found to be involved in mediating such cross modal associations between hand feel touch and taste cues . In Study 3 participants were asked to evaluate brewed coffee samples in paper cups both with cardboard sleeves and those made from the other test materials . While participants rated black coffee samples with a towel sleeve less bitter than those with a cardboard sleeve such differences were not observed in other pairwise comparisons . In conclusion this study provided empirical evidence that hand feel touch cues can be associated with specific taste or coffee related flavor attributes thereby modulating consumer perception of brewed coffee .,In Study 3 participants were asked to evaluate brewed coffee samples in paper cups both with cardboard sleeves and those made from the other test materials . This study aimed to determine whether hand feel touch cues of cup sleeve materials could be associated with imagined and consumed basic tastes and thereby affect the perception of brewed coffee . Hand feel touch cues of different sleeves were also found to be associated with taste qualities consumed .201200,A panellists experience with a specific sensory method can influence product differentiation during a sensory task . Projective mapping and ultra flash profiling have been used extensively to create a description of food products . The objective of this study was to identify how familiarization with a specific sensory method can influence the results . As such this study compares the results of a PM and UFP task completed by experienced panellists to the results from trained panellists nave consumers and individuals who are employed in the wine industry . All panellists evaluated eight single varietal white wines produced in Nova Scotia Canada . The experienced panellists in this study had experience with the PM task however they did not have experience or knowledge about the products being tested . There was no significant correlation between nave consumers and the experienced panellists . However there was a high similarity between the results of the experienced panellists and the trained panellists . The experts results were significantly different from the other participants . The results of this study indicate that knowledge of the sensory method effects the panellists evaluations and that experienced panellists may be a viable option to evaluate food products when time resources or samples are limited . More studies need to be done to explore the use of experienced panellists to evaluate different food products .,The objective of this study was to identify how familiarization with a specific sensory method can influence the results . However there was a high similarity between the results of the experienced panellists and the trained panellists . The results of this study indicate that knowledge of the sensory method effects the panellists evaluations and that experienced panellists may be a viable option to evaluate food products when time resources or samples are limited .202201,Current meat consumption habits will need to change especially those of Western consumers . The level of meat consumption is unsustainable and a recent study estimates a necessary reduction of 90 of the current intake . Insects are a promising alternative to existing protein sources but previous literature has emphasised the initial level of disgust displayed towards insects as a food option . The overall aim of this paper is to understand the attitude of consumers towards eating insects also termed entomophagy in order to outline the barriers that prevent adoption and provide insights in order to overcome these . Data were collected through an online questionnaire with a representative sample of Danish consumers . Several constructs from the literature were measured food neophobia disgust intention to try and intention to eat regularly . In addition a new attitude scale was used that specifically measures the attitude towards entomophagy . A discrete choice experiment was a part of the questionnaire . Using LatentGold 5.1 a segmentation analysis based on the choice experiment was conducted . The influences of intention were analysed using hierarchical regression in SPSS 25 . Results of the choice experiment indicate that different segments of consumers of entomophagy exist and that different segments are interested in different types of insects . Younger consumers and males are more positive towards entomophagy in general and the insect options in the choice experiment . Results of the regression analysis indicate that the attitude toward eating insects is multidimensional and that there seem to be indications of attitude ambivalence in all segments . The interest in entomophagy is important as it will be a key factor in overcoming the barrier of disgust and turning insects into an acceptable food choice in the Western world .,The overall aim of this paper is to understand the attitude of consumers towards eating insects also termed entomophagy in order to outline the barriers that prevent adoption and provide insights in order to overcome these . A discrete choice experiment was a part of the questionnaire . The level of meat consumption is unsustainable and a recent study estimates a necessary reduction of 90 of the current intake .203202,In human research images of food are often used as cues in place of real foods . To elicit anticipatory responses in targeted populations cultural differences and population norms with regard to food preferences need to be considered . This pilot study aimed to construct two image paradigms for experimental use within the Australian population . A dataset of 200 images from the licenced database,A dataset of 200 images from the licenced database This pilot study aimed to construct two image paradigms for experimental use within the Australian population . To elicit anticipatory responses in targeted populations cultural differences and population norms with regard to food preferences need to be considered .204203,This study aimed to further the development and application of the Global profile approach by extending it to another product category alcoholic cocktails investigating the relationship between sensory emotions context appropriateness in consumers differing for liking patterns and integrating the approach beyond product differentiation to consumer differentiation thus improving and gaining a further insight into differences among consumers . This was done taking into account consumer differences in oral responsiveness personality traits familiarity explicit responses to products and implicit attitudes towards brand .,This study aimed to further the development and application of the Global profile approach by extending it to another product category alcoholic cocktails investigating the relationship between sensory emotions context appropriateness in consumers differing for liking patterns and integrating the approach beyond product differentiation to consumer differentiation thus improving and gaining a further insight into differences among consumers . This was done taking into account consumer differences in oral responsiveness personality traits familiarity explicit responses to products and implicit attitudes towards brand .205204,Craft beer is a product category that continues to expand and craft beer drinkers are generally differentiated from traditional beer drinkers in terms of their preference for innovative beers with novel and complex flavor profiles and greater involvement in beer and product focused behaviors and activities . The present research explores the existence of flavor driven segments within the overall craft beer segment where some declared craft beer drinkers exhibit the characteristic craft beer preference while others exhibit a preference for less complex and more traditional flavors . Research conducted with craft style and traditional style beers confirmed such preference segments in a group of male New Zealanders . The preference segments perceived the sensory and holistic conceptual characteristics of the beers similarly . However they differed in specific attitudes and behaviors toward craft beers that were associated with the extent of their use and exposure to craft beers . The presence of the two preference segments was interpreted as being the result of a normal transition of declared craft beer drinker preferences away from the lighter flavors of the traditional style beers to which they had been accustomed and toward the more novel and robust flavors of craft beers . This shift in flavor preferences is tentatively attributed to the same exposure effects that are responsible for flavor preference development in other foods and beverages . The implications for craft and traditional brewers are discussed and suggestions for future research presented .,The preference segments perceived the sensory and holistic conceptual characteristics of the beers similarly . The implications for craft and traditional brewers are discussed and suggestions for future research presented . The presence of the two preference segments was interpreted as being the result of a normal transition of declared craft beer drinker preferences away from the lighter flavors of the traditional style beers to which they had been accustomed and toward the more novel and robust flavors of craft beers .206205,Check All That Apply and Free Comment provide a so called contingency table containing citation counts of words or descriptors by products . This table is most often analysed using correspondence analysis . CA aims at decomposing dependence between products and descriptors into axes of maximal and decreasing dependencies which is reasonable if the dependence has been previously established by a chi square test . However the p value of this test is not valid when the observations are not independent or when the contingency table contains too many low expected citation rates . In addition rejecting independence with a chi square test only means that at least the first CA axis captures some dependence . This paper presents a test to determine the number of axes of the CA that capture significant dependence and proposes a Monte Carlo approach to compute valid p values for this test . The variability in the products coordinates in the CA space is often evaluated by means of a total bootstrap procedure . The paper proposes to rely on this test to determine the number of axes to consider for the Procrustes rotations of such a procedure . Finally to investigate which words are cited more often for each product the paper proposes performing Fishers exact tests per cell on the derived contingency table obtained by reversing the CA computations on the axes capturing significant dependence . The benefits of accounting for the dimensionality of the dependence in the analyses are demonstrated on real CATA data .,This paper presents a test to determine the number of axes of the CA that capture significant dependence and proposes a Monte Carlo approach to compute valid p values for this test . The paper proposes to rely on this test to determine the number of axes to consider for the Procrustes rotations of such a procedure . The benefits of accounting for the dimensionality of the dependence in the analyses are demonstrated on real CATA data .207206,The aim of this work was to explore based on language of experts and consumers how they define the concept of gastronomy and Mexican cuisine applying the Theory of Social Representation . Gastronomy has become very relevant in the recent years and numerous researches on the matter have been published . Likewise gastronomy has become one of the main drivers for tourists to travel to a certain destination such as Mexico whose traditional cuisine has been included within the List of Intangible Cultural Heritage of UNESCO . This research was carried out in two phases the first one through 22 semi structured interviews with chefs who work in public and private schools of gastronomy in Mexico and the second one through a convenience sampling in Central Mexico with a sample of 329 Mexican consumers . Information was obtained through Open Ended questions Word Association technique and Free Listing task . Interviews were recorded transcribed and analyzed through content analysis . The words or terms obtained from the WA were grouped into categories by means of lemmatization process . Through FL there were obtained the main foods ingredients or dishes of Mexican cuisine and Cognitive Salience Index was calculated . Results of this research establish that gastronomy is a complex concept and that the social representation of chefs and consumers are related with traditional and human aspects sensory characteristics of foods apart from techniques methods and forms of food preparation . In this sense the categories foods and ingredients that characterize Mexican cuisine are discussed based on the language of experts and consumers applying the Theory of Social Representation .,The aim of this work was to explore based on language of experts and consumers how they define the concept of gastronomy and Mexican cuisine applying the Theory of Social Representation . In this sense the categories foods and ingredients that characterize Mexican cuisine are discussed based on the language of experts and consumers applying the Theory of Social Representation . This research was carried out in two phases the first one through 22 semi structured interviews with chefs who work in public and private schools of gastronomy in Mexico and the second one through a convenience sampling in Central Mexico with a sample of 329 Mexican consumers .208207,The tetrad is a popular sensory discrimination method used widely in the sensory and consumer fields . This short communication provides a novel concise and elegant form of the psychometric function based on a noncentral,This short communication provides a novel concise and elegant form of the psychometric function based on a noncentral The tetrad is a popular sensory discrimination method used widely in the sensory and consumer fields .209208,Consumers and policy makers interest in local foods is growing . Accordingly researchers are also increasingly paying attention to the consumption of local foods . Studies have identified preference for local foods as an emergent consumer ideology called locavorism but they have not yet addressed its antecedents or put it into a theoretical context . In addition extant research provides several insights into local food buying behaviour in developed economies however studies simultaneously conducted in developed and emerging economies are lacking . To address these research gaps this study develops a conceptual framework with proposed relationships among values beliefs and attitudes towards and intentions to purchase local foods in China and Denmark . We conducted an online survey in China and Denmark that evaluated our constructs with pre developed multiple item measures . Using structural equation modelling to test the integrated model we find that values and long term orientation are antecedents of consumer beliefs but the influences of values on consumer beliefs differ between collectivistic dominated China and individualistic dominated Denmark . Specifically collectivistic values are significantly and positively related to locavorism in both countries while individualistic values are strongly linked to locavorism only in Denmark collectivistic values have no effects on fresh start mindset for the two samples but individualistic values are significantly and positively related to a fresh start mindset in Denmark . In addition consumer beliefs are significantly and positively associated with attitudes towards and intentions to buy local foods . Local food marketers can use our findings to target their communications more effectively .,Using structural equation modelling to test the integrated model we find that values and long term orientation are antecedents of consumer beliefs but the influences of values on consumer beliefs differ between collectivistic dominated China and individualistic dominated Denmark . To address these research gaps this study develops a conceptual framework with proposed relationships among values beliefs and attitudes towards and intentions to purchase local foods in China and Denmark . Accordingly researchers are also increasingly paying attention to the consumption of local foods .210209,This study investigates the important managerial issue of whether the packaging language of the Western consumer packaged food products should be adapted for emerging markets . An experiment using a 2 2 design was conducted instore with real products to enhance the studys external validity . With Pakistan as the contextual emerging market Pakistani shoppers were exposed to the English and adapted packaging of the two products and rated their quality perception packaging likability and attributes associated with the packaging . They also tasted and rated their overall satisfaction with the taste and chose their preferred packaging . Underpinned by standardisation and adaptation literature and symbolic perception theory the findings show that consumers rated and preferred the English packaging more than the adapted packaging . Also while the English packaging was associated with attributes including elegance and trustworthiness the adapted packaging was viewed as more personalised . Furthermore the findings hold across demographic variables of income and English language literacy . These findings run contrary to the prevailing strategy of Western global brands in emerging markets where the usual practice is to localise the packaging of the brands as they enter the markets . The findings provide both theoretical and practical insights into the implications of localisation strategy of Western brands in emerging markets .,The findings provide both theoretical and practical insights into the implications of localisation strategy of Western brands in emerging markets . Furthermore the findings hold across demographic variables of income and English language literacy . This study investigates the important managerial issue of whether the packaging language of the Western consumer packaged food products should be adapted for emerging markets .211210,Initial research indicates that the use of immersive technologies may improve the predictive validity and reliability of liking scores in consumer testing . However how immersive technologies impact Just About Right ratings is hardly known . Forty five participants took part in three tasting sessions each in a different context 1 laboratory 2 immersive context simulating a caf using audiovisual cues and 3 real caf . Each session participants tasted four tomato soups varying in salt content preceded by a warm up sample . Liking optimal levels of sensory attributes and engagement were measured . Results showed that there were no differences in liking or JAR ratings on sensory attributes of the soups across the three contexts . Nevertheless participants felt more engaged in the real caf and simulated caf than in the laboratory . These results contribute to a better understanding of how sensory differences as assessed in a laboratory or immersive context relate to sensory differences that consumers would notice when they use the products in real life .,Initial research indicates that the use of immersive technologies may improve the predictive validity and reliability of liking scores in consumer testing . Results showed that there were no differences in liking or JAR ratings on sensory attributes of the soups across the three contexts . Nevertheless participants felt more engaged in the real caf and simulated caf than in the laboratory .212211,The aim of the study was to identify the importance of individual food product attributes as well as their relation to the purchase behaviour . To achieve this consumer preferences were decomposed in conditions of full access to information and data was compared with actual consumer behaviour related to making purchasing decisions in front of the store shelf . Based on data from 338 respondents conjoint analysis and repeated ANOVA measurements were carried out allowing to eliminate individual behavioural patterns . The results showed a dissonance between the consumers attitudes towards the attributes and their shopping behaviour . The processing method was the most important declared attribute for consumers meanwhile this information was the least searched for during purchase . At the same time shelf life period marked as the least important was the main information searched for by consumers when shopping . The results also show a clear dislike towards the use of microwaves as a preservation method while traditional thermal preservation was marked as the most positive for consumers . In addition consumers were classified into 3 heterogeneous groups identifying differences in the preferences of food attributes . The obtained results have practical value relating not only to the preferences of individual attributes but also to their various variants . The results can be a guide for companies to properly label food products . The indicated dissonance illustrates the educational gap and related insufficient motivation to get to know the product before buying it . This is extremely important in connection with technological development and new food processing methods .,The processing method was the most important declared attribute for consumers meanwhile this information was the least searched for during purchase . The results also show a clear dislike towards the use of microwaves as a preservation method while traditional thermal preservation was marked as the most positive for consumers . To achieve this consumer preferences were decomposed in conditions of full access to information and data was compared with actual consumer behaviour related to making purchasing decisions in front of the store shelf .213212,Previous eye tracking research has demonstrated that high calorie food cues capture visual attention particularly in individuals with overweight and weight concerns . The present experiment investigated whether this attentional bias can be influenced by context variables and changes over time . This was studied via time course analysis . Ninety women were presented with 60 picture pairs that either showed a combination of high calorie food low calorie food high calorie food non food or low calorie food non food . The women were assigned to one of three groups overweight with weight concerns normal weight with weight concerns normal weight without weight concerns . The relative number of fixations on food cues was examined across the course of the picture pair presentations for one second intervals . High calorie food was fixated more often than low calorie food and non food only during the first second of the picture pair presentation . Subsequently all participants showed the tendency to gaze on low calorie cues when these cues were combined with high calorie cues . This study revealed timing related context effects on visual food cue reactivity . While the early attentional bias to high calorie cues could not be changed by context this was possible during the later processing stage . Future studies need to examine whether the observed context effect can influence food choices and eating behavior .,The relative number of fixations on food cues was examined across the course of the picture pair presentations for one second intervals . Future studies need to examine whether the observed context effect can influence food choices and eating behavior . The present experiment investigated whether this attentional bias can be influenced by context variables and changes over time .214213,Check All That Apply is a popular method used for collecting word based sensory descriptions from consumers . Free Comment as a response to open ended questions is an interesting alternative because it removes biases due to the use of a predefined list of descriptors . In the context of a home used test FC enables subjects to express themselves more naturally . The present study investigated the relevance of the use of FC at home for word based sensory description of a set of products . Two groups of 60 consumers of red wines characterised four French red wines from different terroirs performing either a CATA task or a FC task . The two sensory tasks were performed at home according to sensory modality visual olfactory and gustatory . The first objective was to investigate whether a FC protocol can be successfully conducted at home and whether it enables the characterisation and discrimination of a set of products . The second objective was to investigate whether extrinsic sensory information affects FC descriptions . The third objective was to investigate whether CATA and FC provide comparable information in the HUT context . The results show that an FC protocol is feasible at home and that the extrinsic sensory information did not affect FC descriptions . FC enabled better characterisation and discrimination of the products than CATA . A new test of product differences based on the total bootstrap procedure was proposed to compare FC and CATA .,A new test of product differences based on the total bootstrap procedure was proposed to compare FC and CATA . The present study investigated the relevance of the use of FC at home for word based sensory description of a set of products . FC enabled better characterisation and discrimination of the products than CATA .215214,This study proposes a new model for understanding the behavior of consumers of organic products using the theory of self esteem and the congruence among images containing organic and transgenic attributes . The study employed image visualization metrics based on experiments using the eye tracking instrument . The methodological part was divided into two stages . The first was based on a Discrete Choice model obtaining the following probabilities of the consumer choosing the product 2.52 8.5 4.3 2.43 and 5.2 for an increase in self esteem for the male gender for the presence of an organic seal for the presence of a transgenic seal and for the presence of a seal that represents a large property respectively . The second stage was based on hypothesis tests as a complementary methodology to the first stage . In this context the time metrics total fixation of look on the product and time of first fixation on the product for the organic vs. transgenic seals did not differ for individuals classified as having low self esteem and in individuals of the male gender . As for women and for individuals with high self esteem these metrics were lower in the visualizations of an organic seal compared to the transgenic ones . We conclude that visual attention is influenced by the self esteem and the congruency of the image in food decision . It is suggested that other studies should delve more deeply into applying the model to other behaviors and products .,This study proposes a new model for understanding the behavior of consumers of organic products using the theory of self esteem and the congruence among images containing organic and transgenic attributes . We conclude that visual attention is influenced by the self esteem and the congruency of the image in food decision . The first was based on a Discrete Choice model obtaining the following probabilities of the consumer choosing the product 2.52 8.5 4.3 2.43 and 5.2 for an increase in self esteem for the male gender for the presence of an organic seal for the presence of a transgenic seal and for the presence of a seal that represents a large property respectively .216215,Many people implicitly believe that unhealthy foods are tastier than healthy foods even when they explicitly report that they dont . It is unclear whether this unhealthy tasty intuition is already present in childhood . Children from families with a lower socioeconomic position consume poorer diets than children from families with a higher SEP. Paradoxically populations with a lower SEP are underrepresented in research and least reached by lifestyle interventions . This study explored implicit and explicit associations between healthiness tastiness and liking of foods in primary school aged children and parents with a lower SEP .,This study explored implicit and explicit associations between healthiness tastiness and liking of foods in primary school aged children and parents with a lower SEP . It is unclear whether this unhealthy tasty intuition is already present in childhood . Children from families with a lower socioeconomic position consume poorer diets than children from families with a higher SEP. Paradoxically populations with a lower SEP are underrepresented in research and least reached by lifestyle interventions .217216,The aims of the present study are to assess the impact of a pleasure oriented intervention on the nutritional quality of midafternoon snacks chosen by mother child dyads and to evaluate the evolution of the relationship between the liking and perceived healthiness of the food items offered for the snack choices . Data were collected at two laboratory sessions during which children and mothers were separately asked to choose two food items for a midafternoon snack first for themselves and then for the other dyad member . Participants also rated their liking and perceived healthiness of the 10 food items . After T1 dyads were randomly assigned to an experimental group with an in home pleasure oriented intervention to stimulate the pleasure of consuming healthy foods or to a control group . Our study shows the lack of a significant effect of the intervention on the nutritional quality of snacks chosen at T2 . However for the children in the experimental group the relationship between liking and perceived healthiness which was not significant at T1,However for the children in the experimental group the relationship between liking and perceived healthiness which was not significant at T1 Our study shows the lack of a significant effect of the intervention on the nutritional quality of snacks chosen at T2 . Participants also rated their liking and perceived healthiness of the 10 food items .218217,Front of Pack nutrition labels are emerging as a prominent public policy tool for promoting healthy eating . In this study we question how different FoP nutrition labels ranging from more directive to semi directive and non directive affect perceived visual attention and nutritional quality perception . The visual attention was measured by eye tracing measures and nutritional quality by healthiness perception and recommended frequency of consumption . Seventy six participants were randomly assigned in one of three experimental conditions where they were asked to give estimates on eight different chocolate snack bars . To test whether participants estimates were accurate we surveyed fifty six nutritionists and asked for their assessments of the same group of products . The results showed that Nutriscore required least visual attention in terms of dwell time number of fixations and average fixation duration followed by MTL and GDA . Participants in NS and MTL condition gave significantly higher estimates of nutritional quality compared to experts estimates . Most accurate estimates came from products with GDA label . Color coded fields required less visual attention compared to GDA without adding to visual efficiency . More directive FoP nutrition labels require less visual attention but lead to inflated estimates of products nutrition quality in the category of less healthy products . In creating public policies removing the possibility for consumers to process nutritional information and absolute estimates of products nutrition quality should not be disregarded .,The visual attention was measured by eye tracing measures and nutritional quality by healthiness perception and recommended frequency of consumption . The results showed that Nutriscore required least visual attention in terms of dwell time number of fixations and average fixation duration followed by MTL and GDA . To test whether participants estimates were accurate we surveyed fifty six nutritionists and asked for their assessments of the same group of products .219218,This paper reports the estimation of an Actor Partner Interdependence Model examining how meal preparation focus measured by taste context and thriftaffect actors and partners satisfaction with food related life in cohabiting couples . Questionnaires were administered to 187 different sex couples in Denmark . Both members of the couple reported their degree of agreement with a set of statements regarding meal production focus and the SWFRL scale . Using the APIM and structural equation modeling we found that the womans SWFRL was positively associated with her own focus on taste in meal production as wells as by her partners focus on taste . Womens SWFRL was also positively associated with their own focus on physical context in meal production and negatively by their partners focus on physical context . The mans SWFRL only was positively associated with his own focus on physical context and by his partners focus on thrift in meal production . These results suggest that meal preparation focus relationships between members of a couple through by both actor and partner effects can effectively contribute to increase both their satisfaction with food related life and their well being .,This paper reports the estimation of an Actor Partner Interdependence Model examining how meal preparation focus measured by taste context and thriftaffect actors and partners satisfaction with food related life in cohabiting couples . The mans SWFRL only was positively associated with his own focus on physical context and by his partners focus on thrift in meal production . Both members of the couple reported their degree of agreement with a set of statements regarding meal production focus and the SWFRL scale .220219,The liking of food in the presence of background noise has been associated with the noise type and level . So far however there have been few studies investigating the non acoustic factors associated with food perception in the presence of background noise . This study investigated the food liking due to three non acoustic factors in the presence of background noise relative to the ambient background noise . Fifteen participants rated the liking of food via questionnaires . The perceptual relative food liking due to age gender and noise sensitivity at different noise types and levels were presented . The results indicated that age noise sensitivity and gender influence relative food liking . Females had lower liking ratings of food than males,The results indicated that age noise sensitivity and gender influence relative food liking . This study investigated the food liking due to three non acoustic factors in the presence of background noise relative to the ambient background noise . Fifteen participants rated the liking of food via questionnaires .221220,Nowadays there is a growing interest to add value to food industry by products and incorporate them as new ingredients for novel food products . However there is very little knowledge about consumers reactions towards novel food products made with upcycled ingredients . This manuscript provides the first critical scientific investigation of UK consumers preferences for novel food products made with upcycled ingredients using four attributes price flour protein and Carbon Trust label . Using a hypothetical ranking experiment involving biscuits results showed that consumers prefer biscuits made with conventional flour and tend to reject biscuits made with upcycled sunflower flour . Results suggest there is heterogeneity in consumers valuation with three groups identified the first group with price sensitive consumers and the strongest preferences for low price biscuits the second group with traditionalist consumers and strongest rejection for upcycled sunflower flour the third group with environmentalist consumers and the strongest preference for biscuits with the Carbon Trust label . Most consumers had not heard of upcycled ingredients before but they would consider buying foods with upcycled ingredients . These findings provide insights into the psychology of consumers preferences which can be used to most effectively communicate the benefits of upcycled ingredients to the public . This will also have important implications for future labelling strategies for policy makers providing valuable insights to upcycled food products manufacturers .,Results suggest there is heterogeneity in consumers valuation with three groups identified the first group with price sensitive consumers and the strongest preferences for low price biscuits the second group with traditionalist consumers and strongest rejection for upcycled sunflower flour the third group with environmentalist consumers and the strongest preference for biscuits with the Carbon Trust label . This manuscript provides the first critical scientific investigation of UK consumers preferences for novel food products made with upcycled ingredients using four attributes price flour protein and Carbon Trust label . Most consumers had not heard of upcycled ingredients before but they would consider buying foods with upcycled ingredients .222221,Discrete choice experiments have become an important tool for assessing the preferences of consumers for finfish seafood products . This investigation presents a systematic literature review of studies performed in the last 20years that use DCEs to analyse consumers preferences for finfish products with the purpose to identify the main insights of consumer behaviour towards these products the most used attributes for this type of experiments and to discuss and compare some willingness to pay estimations . We found that origin was the most used attribute for this kind of experiments while other important factors were the harvest method a specific certification label and the species or products considered . The WTP estimates evidenced that consumers are willing to pay premiums for domestic products while similarly wild products were preferred over farmed products . Also there were higher WTP estimates for certified products in which specific certification labels were better options rather than just claiming that the product was certified or not . All claims and labels related to sustainability nutritional health and safety information provided premiums that consumers were willing to pay however the importance differed depending on the type of label or claim the country and species . Future research should consider the influence of being or not the main purchaser in the household as it might affect the WTP values . Also given the importance future research extensions using DCEs are needed on the Chinese and Asian finfish market .,Also given the importance future research extensions using DCEs are needed on the Chinese and Asian finfish market . We found that origin was the most used attribute for this kind of experiments while other important factors were the harvest method a specific certification label and the species or products considered . This investigation presents a systematic literature review of studies performed in the last 20years that use DCEs to analyse consumers preferences for finfish products with the purpose to identify the main insights of consumer behaviour towards these products the most used attributes for this type of experiments and to discuss and compare some willingness to pay estimations .223222,Emojis were suggested for children to be used to measure food elicited emotions . The present study was aimed to explore the appropriateness of emojis to describe pre adolescents emotions elicited by foods recalled in relation to different evoked eating contexts and to explore related age and gender differences . Fifty five boys and forty one girls aged 913 participated to the study . First subjects were asked to recall by means of an open ended question the foods they had in specific eating contexts Most liked food and Most disliked food Breakfast Dinner Snack Birthday and Novel food . Then they were asked to select the emojis appropriate to describe their feelings for the context related foods by selecting from a list of 92 facial emojis . Emojis selected by more than 20 of children in at least one eating context qualified as food related . In total 46 emojis resulted as appropriate to describe emotions in different eating contexts . Pre adolescents used mainly positive emojis except for the context Most disliked food where mainly negative emojis were used . Most food related emojis resulted from Most liked food and Most disliked food but the context Birthday also added some context specific emojis . The number of selected emojis varied across evoked eating contexts eliciting different foods . Age and gender significantly affected emoji selection across and within foods elicited by varied eating contexts with girls and 911 year old subjects selecting some emojis more frequently across all contexts but also within contexts . The approach used in the present study has the potential to be used for the development of a food related emotion measurement tool for pre adolescents . Future research aimed at interpreting the meaning of facial emojis is needed and should consider age and gender differences .,The present study was aimed to explore the appropriateness of emojis to describe pre adolescents emotions elicited by foods recalled in relation to different evoked eating contexts and to explore related age and gender differences . The number of selected emojis varied across evoked eating contexts eliciting different foods . Future research aimed at interpreting the meaning of facial emojis is needed and should consider age and gender differences .224223,Food liking is one of the main determinants of food intake . Salt taste perception and preference that play a role in liking of salt may be genetically determined although research in humans is scarce . The aim of this study was to explore the associations between genetics salt taste perception preference self reported salt habit and intake . The participants were young and healthy adults . Salt taste thresholds were determined with British Standard ISO3972 2011 methodology and salt taste preference by ratings of saltiness and pleasantness of tomato soup with salt concentrations reflecting salt content in foods . Self reported salt habit was determined by asking participants how salty they usually eat their food and salt intake with two 24 hour 5 step multiple pass recalls . Genotyping for variants in the,The aim of this study was to explore the associations between genetics salt taste perception preference self reported salt habit and intake . Food liking is one of the main determinants of food intake . Genotyping for variants in the225224,Little research has been published on emotional responses evoked by completely new innovative food products . The objectives of the present study were 1 to assess the emotional response to new products in two different scenarios looking at the smoothie pouch or tasting the smoothie with the smoothie pouch alongside 2 to compare the information obtained when the participants use photographs or use words to express emotions . In the Pack alone scenario similar emotional spaces and sample configurations were obtained with both images and words . In the Pack and tasting scenario the richness of the emotional response increased when using images . In both scenarios the participants used a greater number of negative emotions when these were presented as images rather than as words . This could be considered an advantage as it enables some negative emotional loads to be portrayed . The present results also demonstrate that evaluating the emotional response allows effective discrimination between samples with similar overall liking scores .,In the Pack and tasting scenario the richness of the emotional response increased when using images . In both scenarios the participants used a greater number of negative emotions when these were presented as images rather than as words . In the Pack alone scenario similar emotional spaces and sample configurations were obtained with both images and words .226225,As tasting is a dynamic process temporal data are collected simultaneously with tasting . Indeed most newly reported studies involving consumers have been conducted using the Temporal Dominance of Sensations or Temporal Check That Apply methods . Concurrent data collection reduces potential bias such as memory but it attaches great importance to the moment at which the sensations are cited . Thus it results in measurement of durations possibly made imprecise due to heterogeneity in consumers behaviour which could affect conclusions . A new retrospective method inspired from Temporal Order of Sensations Pick 3 and Rank and the 3 phases of wine evaluation is introduced in this article . Based on a concept close to dominance the Attack Evolution Finish method allows consumers to select one descriptor each at the beginning at the middle and at the end of the tasting . The results obtained with two different panels carrying out both the AEF and TDS tasks on dark chocolates are compared . The conclusions are very similar in terms of product discrimination . The retrospective task removes the consumers heterogeneity in terms of the number of citations delays and durations and thus requires no data transformation before analyses . In view of these results rather than promoting a new method the article raises questions about the level of detail to look at in temporal sensory data .,In view of these results rather than promoting a new method the article raises questions about the level of detail to look at in temporal sensory data . A new retrospective method inspired from Temporal Order of Sensations Pick 3 and Rank and the 3 phases of wine evaluation is introduced in this article . The results obtained with two different panels carrying out both the AEF and TDS tasks on dark chocolates are compared .227226,Berlynes theory of hedonic appreciation in experimental esthetics includes complexity as a relevant dimension in the development of preferences . However the soundness of this theory in the field of food and beverages has been challenged . The work reported here investigates the influence of perceived complexity on consumers preferences for some dairy desserts . Given the limits on sensory complexity reported in the literature we controlled for consumers level of familiarity with the products used enough products to be able to test a quadratic model evaluated sensory complexity with consumers and analyzed data after clustering . Seven gourmet dairy desserts were tested by 145 French consumers unfamiliar with this type of product in a quantitative study . Products were also sensory characterized by a panel using an adaptation of Sequential Profiling . We distinguished four groups of consumers with different perceptions of sensory complexity . For one group the influence of complexity on preference was in line with Berlynes theory . Individual differences were also underlined between groups as the self reported eating style and the level of familiarity with dairy products . Finally our results confirm the importance of a dynamic evaluation to understand sensory complexity . Indeed our findings show the influence of the number of sensations and their temporal evolution on sensory complexity . For the first time we underline the potential effect of texture and flavor sensations on perceived complexity .,For the first time we underline the potential effect of texture and flavor sensations on perceived complexity . The work reported here investigates the influence of perceived complexity on consumers preferences for some dairy desserts . Indeed our findings show the influence of the number of sensations and their temporal evolution on sensory complexity .228227,Innovations are an important part of the further advancement of societies in general as well as of companies in particular . Individuals can benefit from the advantages of innovations while companies can maintain or increase their market share and profitability . However especially in the food sector scientific or technological innovations often encounter mistrust and rejecting reactions from consumers resulting in decreasing acceptance of those innovations . Therefore this paper aims to gain a deeper comprehension of consumer acceptance of innovative food products as well as to identify antecedent factors of innovation related perception . For the empirical investigation of our conceptualized model an online survey was conducted in Germany and the collected data were analyzed through structural equation modeling . The results confirmed a high predictive power of the multi dimensional model of consumer acceptance . Our first major finding indicates that relative advantage naturalness novelty and discomfort are the most important driving factors of the innovation related perception of food products . Further important findings show that innovation related perception has a strong positive and highly significant impact on customer perceived value respectively a strong negative and highly significant impact on the customer perceived risk . In summary innovation related perception customer perceived value as well as customer perceived risk are all important variables related to the acceptance of an innovative food product . The food sector can benefit from the insights provided by this study to communicate and market their products accordingly to the results to reduce mistrust and increase acceptance of food innovations on the consumer side .,The results confirmed a high predictive power of the multi dimensional model of consumer acceptance . In summary innovation related perception customer perceived value as well as customer perceived risk are all important variables related to the acceptance of an innovative food product . Further important findings show that innovation related perception has a strong positive and highly significant impact on customer perceived value respectively a strong negative and highly significant impact on the customer perceived risk .229228,We are surrounded by sensory food cues such as odors that may trigger conscious decisions and even lead to eating it is therefore crucial to better understand the effect of food odors on behavioral responses . Food odor exposure has been shown to enhance appetite for food products with similar properties sensory specific appetite . This suggests that based on previous encounters with foods we have learned to detect the nutritional content of foods through our sense of smell . We investigated the influence of aware exposure of macronutrient related odors on various measures of eating behavior in a cross over intervention study . Thirty two normal weight healthy and unrestrained Dutch females took part in five test sessions . On each test session they were exposed to one of five conditions and assessed on specific appetite food preferences and intake . Odor exposure increased congruent appetite after protein related odor exposure . Similarly protein related odor exposure influenced the liking for protein foods and the preference ranking for savory products . However food intake was not affected by smelling congruent food odors . Together this indicates that exposure to food odors may mostly influence appetite but does not impact subsequent food intake . Moreover appetite seems to be triggered by taste qualities rather than macronutrient information of the food as signaled by olfactory cues . Future studies should investigate the role of awareness in more detail to fully understand how odors might be used to steer people towards healthier food choices .,We investigated the influence of aware exposure of macronutrient related odors on various measures of eating behavior in a cross over intervention study . This suggests that based on previous encounters with foods we have learned to detect the nutritional content of foods through our sense of smell . Similarly protein related odor exposure influenced the liking for protein foods and the preference ranking for savory products .230229,Organically certified wild plant foods are rarely addressed in scientific or public discourses on organic food even though 30 of the worlds organically certified land is dedicated to wild plant gathering . This oversight may leave organic consumers unaware of the market relevance of wild plant foods . The aim of this study was therefore to understand organic consumers attitudes knowledge and purchasing and gathering practices with respect to wild plant foods and how sociodemographic variables and attitudes can predict knowledge and practices . A purposive sample was drawn from 22 urban and rural food markets across Austria and 497 organic consumers were interviewed using successive freelists and four point Likert scale questions on attitudes . Data were analysed using exploratory factor analysis and multiple linear regressions . Organic consumers knew a median of nine wild food plants and reported five as being gathered and one as being purchased . They valued food quality and the responsible harvest of wild food plants but assigned them a low economic relevance with some respondents sceptical about their suitability as food . Rural residence a higher share of organic consumption and a greater emphasis on responsible harvesting predicted knowledge and gathering of a larger number of plant species . These results confirm that organic consumers know gather and have positive attitudes with respect to wild plant foods although they are hardly aware about their market relevance . We argue that consumers need to be better informed about the wild origin of food ingredients and the added value of organic certification of wild plant foods .,We argue that consumers need to be better informed about the wild origin of food ingredients and the added value of organic certification of wild plant foods . This oversight may leave organic consumers unaware of the market relevance of wild plant foods . Rural residence a higher share of organic consumption and a greater emphasis on responsible harvesting predicted knowledge and gathering of a larger number of plant species .231230,The increasing intake of energy dense snacks among children is one of the contributing factors to childhood overweight . To understand childrens snacking habits snack choices of parents are essential to take into account . General parenting is one of the important factors that can influence the development of healthy eating patterns and weight status among children . Therefore this study aims to explore how the key constructs of general parenting relate to mothers snack choice for their children aged 27years . The Dutch version of the validated Comprehensive General Parenting Questionnaire was used to assess the key constructs of general parenting . An extensive 13 day diary study with 136 Dutch mothers was used to measure the snacks mothers provided their children aged 24years and 57years . For both groups of mothers in our sample differences were found on the scores of coercive control and overprotection . No differences between the mothers were present on the key constructs behavioral control nurturance and structure . Results give a first indication that more mothers who scored relatively higher on coercive control provided unhealthy products like candy and cookies and fewer mothers provided vegetables compared to mothers who scored lower on coercive control . A higher score on coercive control combined with a higher score on overprotection was associated with fewer mothers providing unhealthy products like cookies and candies .,The Dutch version of the validated Comprehensive General Parenting Questionnaire was used to assess the key constructs of general parenting . No differences between the mothers were present on the key constructs behavioral control nurturance and structure . For both groups of mothers in our sample differences were found on the scores of coercive control and overprotection .232231,Sound can have a profound impact on our eating experience and behavior . The term sonic seasoning arising from crossmodal correspondences denotes the tendency for soundtracks with congruent taste flavor attributes to alter peoples food perception . However the implicit behavior effects of such sound taste correspondence have not yet been tested . Employing eye tracking technology the current study explored the influence of custom composed taste congruent soundtracks on visual attention to food and how this audio visual relationship differs across cultures . Seventy two participants were each exposed to three sound conditions while observing different food items in a choice paradigm . Across both cultures participants spent more time fixating on sweet food while listening to sweet music and salty food when listening to salty music while no differences were observed in the no music condition . Danish participants had regardless of sound condition longer fixation times on the food images compared to their Chinese counterparts . Participants choices in each sound condition were consistent with fixation time spent implying a clear congruency effect between music and choice behavior . Our findings provide evidence of how specifically tailored music can guide consumers visual attention to specific food items suggesting that the brain indeed integrates multiple streams of sensory information during decision making . The cross cultural aspect of our study can ultimately be valuable for understanding auditory nudging in different market segments .,Employing eye tracking technology the current study explored the influence of custom composed taste congruent soundtracks on visual attention to food and how this audio visual relationship differs across cultures . The cross cultural aspect of our study can ultimately be valuable for understanding auditory nudging in different market segments . Danish participants had regardless of sound condition longer fixation times on the food images compared to their Chinese counterparts .233232,The dichotomous divide between vegetarians and omnivores seems clear Omnivores eat meat whereas vegetarians do not . Yet classifying people dichotomously as,The dichotomous divide between vegetarians and omnivores seems clear Omnivores eat meat whereas vegetarians do not . Yet classifying people dichotomously as234233,The present research included two field studies investigating firstly the effects of round and angular typefaces on taste expectations and secondly how such expectations may have downstream effects on naturalistic consumer choice . A taste experiment conducted at a science festival asked participants,The present research included two field studies investigating firstly the effects of round and angular typefaces on taste expectations and secondly how such expectations may have downstream effects on naturalistic consumer choice . A taste experiment conducted at a science festival asked participants235234,This study describes differences in considerations and value conflicts between mothers living in the North and the South of Italy during snack provision to their 27years old children . Semi structured interviews with 20 mothers living in the North and 20 mothers living in the South of Italy were conducted . Participants matched on educational level and weight status . Mothers considerations in snack provision were grouped into four key themes health related child related time related and product related . North Italian mothers showed more health related considerations while providing a snack compared to mothers living in the South . In case mothers from the South mentioned healthiness as a consideration it was often related to giving energy . The child related key theme revealed that a snack needs to be liked by the child otherwise Italian mothers do not provide it . For the time related key theme differences were small between North and South Italian mothers . The product related key theme showed the brand to be more important for South Italian mothers . Mothers from the North of Italy experienced more value conflicts all related to health . The current studied showed that even within the same country geographical differences in mothers considerations and value conflicts for providing snacks exist . This implies that snack choice considerations and values seem to be influenced by tradition and family culture .,This study describes differences in considerations and value conflicts between mothers living in the North and the South of Italy during snack provision to their 27years old children . Semi structured interviews with 20 mothers living in the North and 20 mothers living in the South of Italy were conducted . Mothers from the North of Italy experienced more value conflicts all related to health .236235,The use of immersive technologies allows for the addition of contextually relevant information into the otherwise sterile laboratory experience . The addition of context has been hypothesized to yield improved sample discriminability in part due to enhanced involvement or engagement of the panelist . A questionnaire was recently developed to characterize consumer engagement during sensory and consumer testing . The main factors contributing to engagement were active involvement purposeful intent and affective value . The objective of this study was to further validate the temporal reliability of the engagement questionnaire and evaluate how subject engagement changes when assessing red wines in a traditional immersive and actual environment . After evaluating the wines in each environment participants rated their level of agreement on a 10 item questionnaire that measured overall levels of engagement with a task . Participants were less actively involved in the wine evaluation F,The objective of this study was to further validate the temporal reliability of the engagement questionnaire and evaluate how subject engagement changes when assessing red wines in a traditional immersive and actual environment . The use of immersive technologies allows for the addition of contextually relevant information into the otherwise sterile laboratory experience . The main factors contributing to engagement were active involvement purposeful intent and affective value .237236,We examine the effectiveness of specific nudges in the choice environment to foster healthy choice and consumption among consumers with fast vs. slow life history strategies short term impulsive reward sensitive vs. long term reflective controlled fociassociated with low and high socio economic status respectively . The results of two experiments conducted in a field and an online setting show that consumers with a fast rather than slow life history strategy are more susceptible to scarcity cues boosting choice and actual consumption of healthy foods when these cues are associated with the healthy option . Conversely for slow LHS consumers the evidence suggests that scarcity cues are less influential and instead abundance cues tend to foster healthy choice . Finally in line with the LHS logic acute food craving mediates the impact of scarcity vs. abundance cues for fast but not slow strategists while perceptions of socially validated trust in the food source fulfill this role for slow but not fast strategists .,The results of two experiments conducted in a field and an online setting show that consumers with a fast rather than slow life history strategy are more susceptible to scarcity cues boosting choice and actual consumption of healthy foods when these cues are associated with the healthy option . Finally in line with the LHS logic acute food craving mediates the impact of scarcity vs. abundance cues for fast but not slow strategists while perceptions of socially validated trust in the food source fulfill this role for slow but not fast strategists . We examine the effectiveness of specific nudges in the choice environment to foster healthy choice and consumption among consumers with fast vs. slow life history strategies short term impulsive reward sensitive vs. long term reflective controlled fociassociated with low and high socio economic status respectively .238237,Nutritional claims and health claims on food products have been introduced as interpretative aids to simplify the information provided on food labelling . However HCs have been criticised for being unappealing and an information overload on food packages . We aimed to explore whether adding a HC to the associated NC is a good strategy or information overload in a close to real non hypothetical choice experiment with real products and real payments . Consumers valuation of two NCs and HCs in breakfast biscuits is measured in two treatments . Treatment A communicates NCs and tests for the external ecological validity of the experiment while treatment B communicates both the NC and the associated HC . Results from the willingness to pay estimates showed that consumers are willing to pay premiums for the fat related HC in addition to the NC while not for the claims related to the fibre content .,Treatment A communicates NCs and tests for the external ecological validity of the experiment while treatment B communicates both the NC and the associated HC . Results from the willingness to pay estimates showed that consumers are willing to pay premiums for the fat related HC in addition to the NC while not for the claims related to the fibre content . Consumers valuation of two NCs and HCs in breakfast biscuits is measured in two treatments .239238,We conducted a virtual reality study to examine the color that first came to a persons mind when he or she was drinking tea . The participants were asked to drink Chinese green or red tea without any visual cues and then to show the first color in their mind on a circle or a cup of tea in VR . The results revealed that they were able to detect the difference in the bitterness and astringency of the two types of tea . Despite variations in the specific colors chosen by different individuals their color responses for Chinese green tea were more greenish than those for Chinese red tea thus indicative of some associations between the greenred component of color and the bitterness and astringency . Moreover the results also revealed that the color responses made on the virtual tea were more similar to the actual color of tea beverages than those made on the virtual circle suggesting that the participants may rely on a concrete object to exemplify a given flavor they experienced without visual cues . These results provide novel findings about color flavor associations for complicated and subtle flavors and shed some light on how to modulate the participants color flavor associations via modifying the food or drink that they bring up to their mind to exemplify a certain flavor .,The results revealed that they were able to detect the difference in the bitterness and astringency of the two types of tea . Despite variations in the specific colors chosen by different individuals their color responses for Chinese green tea were more greenish than those for Chinese red tea thus indicative of some associations between the greenred component of color and the bitterness and astringency . Moreover the results also revealed that the color responses made on the virtual tea were more similar to the actual color of tea beverages than those made on the virtual circle suggesting that the participants may rely on a concrete object to exemplify a given flavor they experienced without visual cues .240239,Measuring food evoked emotions dynamically during consumption can be done using explicit self report methods such as Temporal Dominance of Emotions and implicit methods such as recording facial expressions . It is not known whether or how dynamic explicit and implicit emotion measures correspond . This study investigated how explicit self reported food evoked emotions evaluated with TDE are related to implicit food evoked emotions determined from facial expressions . Fifty six participants evaluated six yogurts with granola pieces varying in size hardness and concentration using multiple bite assessment employing TDE for the first third and fifth bite of consumption . Consumers were video recorded during each bite of consumption and facial expressions were analysed using FaceReader .,Consumers were video recorded during each bite of consumption and facial expressions were analysed using FaceReader . Fifty six participants evaluated six yogurts with granola pieces varying in size hardness and concentration using multiple bite assessment employing TDE for the first third and fifth bite of consumption . This study investigated how explicit self reported food evoked emotions evaluated with TDE are related to implicit food evoked emotions determined from facial expressions .241240,The perception that a food is healthy or low fat has been proposed as an important issue influencing eating behaviour . This study had two aims a to test the perceived health value of two popular foods in Brazil and b to investigate the impact of consuming these foods on subsequent food reward . Individual differences in adiposity and eating behaviour traits were also explored . Twenty four adults were included mean Body Mass Index 27.64.1kg m2 and mean weight 77.414.8kg . They attended the laboratory on two different occasions for Perceived high Fat and perceived Low Fat conditions . Food reward was tested by the LFPQ BR in fasted and fed states for each condition . Two popular food in Brazil were chosen to be used as test meals and were prepared in order to be similar in terms of weight calorie content and macronutrient composition it was hypothesised that Coxinha would be perceived as less healthy and higher fat content than a chicken sandwich . A paper based visual analogue scale was used to confirm this hypothesis . Anthropometric measures and eating behaviour traits scores were undertaken . Results showed that the two nutritionally matched foods differed on several indicators of perceived healthiness including perceived fat content . Post consumption there was an increased implicit wanting for high fat sweet food after the PLF meal . Exploratory analyses showed that cognitive restraint was an independent predictor for the perception of the fat content of PHF and moderated the impact of PHF on implicit wanting . These findings have implications for food marketing and the role of restrained eating on food perception and food reward .,They attended the laboratory on two different occasions for Perceived high Fat and perceived Low Fat conditions . Results showed that the two nutritionally matched foods differed on several indicators of perceived healthiness including perceived fat content . Exploratory analyses showed that cognitive restraint was an independent predictor for the perception of the fat content of PHF and moderated the impact of PHF on implicit wanting .242241,Alcoholic cocktails are consumed in very different situations and then consumers may differ in their favorite context to drink a cocktail . Diversity in the preferred context of cocktail consumption may reflect individual differences in taste responsiveness and personality traits as well as cocktail liking . This study aims at 1 extending the efficacy of a coupled semiotic and statistical methodology for text analysis in uncovering aspects of preferred contexts of cocktail consumption 2 testing if specific preferred contexts of cocktail consumption are related to individual differences 3 investigating the relationships between preferred context to have cocktails and patterns of liking for cocktails . 159 cocktails consumers were characterized by personality traits cocktail involvement alcoholic beverages intake and PROP taster status and were asked to describe their preferred context to consume an alcoholic cocktail . Consumers were then asked to taste in blind conditions and rate their liking of six alcoholic aperitif cocktails . Three thematic clusters were identified,This study aims at 1 extending the efficacy of a coupled semiotic and statistical methodology for text analysis in uncovering aspects of preferred contexts of cocktail consumption 2 testing if specific preferred contexts of cocktail consumption are related to individual differences 3 investigating the relationships between preferred context to have cocktails and patterns of liking for cocktails . Consumers were then asked to taste in blind conditions and rate their liking of six alcoholic aperitif cocktails . Diversity in the preferred context of cocktail consumption may reflect individual differences in taste responsiveness and personality traits as well as cocktail liking .243242,The common practice of particle addition into semisolid foods is known to influence sensory textural properties but the resulting influence on consumer acceptability is not well understood . A systematic trial was therefore designed involving a set of nine yoghurt samples to investigate the effect of particle addition on consumer acceptability . Agar microgels were fabricated and added to yoghurt at varying levels of modulus particle size and particle concentration . The yoghurt samples were presented to consumers who rated acceptability and subsequently selected from the attributes,A systematic trial was therefore designed involving a set of nine yoghurt samples to investigate the effect of particle addition on consumer acceptability . The yoghurt samples were presented to consumers who rated acceptability and subsequently selected from the attributes The common practice of particle addition into semisolid foods is known to influence sensory textural properties but the resulting influence on consumer acceptability is not well understood .244243,The most common tools to understand perception of food products are hall tests surveys and observations . However these approaches require large samples to get reliable results and they are rather costly and time consuming . Furthermore they are also highly expert dependent and rely on the assumption that study participants can express their preferences consciously and explicitly . In our paper we suggest an electroencephalography based approach to evaluate perceived product similarity in a cross modal taste visual task . We tested two potential neurometrics measured from Fz electrode the amplitude of the N400 like evoked response potentials and the power of induced gamma oscillations during 400600ms period after visual stimulus presentation . Both metrics showed a strong correlation with the perceived similarity scores at both individual and group levels however N400 like amplitude had greater inter subject variability making it less suitable for practical applications . The results based on the power of induced gamma oscillations could be compared to traditional hall tests and may potentially reveal subtle differences in food perception that can not be captured in the hall tests .,In our paper we suggest an electroencephalography based approach to evaluate perceived product similarity in a cross modal taste visual task . We tested two potential neurometrics measured from Fz electrode the amplitude of the N400 like evoked response potentials and the power of induced gamma oscillations during 400600ms period after visual stimulus presentation . The most common tools to understand perception of food products are hall tests surveys and observations .245244,Although ensuring food safety is still an urgent social issue in China ethical consumption practices are relatively new and ethical food is not widely consumed . Chinese consumers often face confusing information about a particular food product s safety and are concerned about the situation . Drawing upon stress coping theory this study examines whether consumer confusion and negative emotions drive intentions to adopt ethical food . Data collected from a sample of 505 consumers were analyzed using structural equation modeling . The results show that consumer confusion has a significant impact on negative emotions which in turn influence intentions to purchase ethical food products . This research advances the food preference literature by providing a new perspective on ethical consumption based on coping strategies . The findings are important for policymakers and business leaders seeking to develop and better promote safer and more ethical food programs in China .,This research advances the food preference literature by providing a new perspective on ethical consumption based on coping strategies . The findings are important for policymakers and business leaders seeking to develop and better promote safer and more ethical food programs in China . The results show that consumer confusion has a significant impact on negative emotions which in turn influence intentions to purchase ethical food products .246245,Insect based foods have gained much attention as an alternative source of protein in recent years because of their high nutritional content and low production costs . However consumer acceptance of insect based foods still poses a big challenge in many societies . Across three studies we examined how social companions and location are associated with peoples willingness to eat insect based foods . We also examined the positive arousing and positive calming emotions that were evoked by several eating contexts . The results of Studies 1 and 2 revealed that participants expected that they would be more willing to eat insect based foods with friends and in pubs and at food festivals . The results of Study 3 replicated the main findings of the first two studies using the actual names of insect based food products namely mealworm burger and cricket chocolate bar . Moreover these contexts where people would be more willing to eat insect based foods were associated with positive arousing emotions rather than positive calming emotions . Taken together then these findings reveal the role of contexts associated with positive arousing emotions in eating insect based foods and provide practical advice concerning the situations in which the consumers acceptance of insect based foods may be increased .,The results of Study 3 replicated the main findings of the first two studies using the actual names of insect based food products namely mealworm burger and cricket chocolate bar . We also examined the positive arousing and positive calming emotions that were evoked by several eating contexts . Taken together then these findings reveal the role of contexts associated with positive arousing emotions in eating insect based foods and provide practical advice concerning the situations in which the consumers acceptance of insect based foods may be increased .247246,This study explores the role of food brand logo orientation on consumers perceptions and attitudes regarding food products through four studies . Study 1 examines the effects of food brand logo orientation on consumer perceptions of food tastiness and risk . The findings suggest that diagonal food brand logos result in higher taste and risk perception in branded food . Study 2 reveals the underlying mechanisms of this effect by introducing perceived movement as a mediator between logo orientation and food perception . The results support the inference that movement is an underlying mechanism for the effect . Study 3 examines the effects of brand logo orientation and regulatory focus on consumer attitudes regarding branded food . The results suggest that for consumers with a promotion focus a diagonal oriented logo leads to a more favorable attitude toward the food . For consumers with a prevention focus a diagonal oriented logo leads to a less favorable attitude toward the food . Study 4 establishes validity of the above findings regarding native English speakers .,Study 2 reveals the underlying mechanisms of this effect by introducing perceived movement as a mediator between logo orientation and food perception . Study 1 examines the effects of food brand logo orientation on consumer perceptions of food tastiness and risk . Study 3 examines the effects of brand logo orientation and regulatory focus on consumer attitudes regarding branded food .248247,CATA questions are popular for sensory product characterisation tasks with consumers . Lingering uncertainty over the meaning of term citation frequency was addressed in the present research which directly compared CATA questions with intensity and applicability ratings obtained on 10cm unstructured line scales . In three studies evidence fitting with expectations based on the extant literature was obtained to confirm that citation frequency reflects intensity . The two response types were strongly linearly related meaning that it is possible to infer significant differences between samples for a given CATA term as representing differences in perceived intensity . This finding emphasises how despite the simplicity of the CATA task and the fact that individual responses are not measures of intensity the average citation frequencies do reflect perceived intensity . Therefore across a group of consumers there is no information loss relative to rating scales . A systematic difference between citation frequencies and intensity ratings was attenuation of scale use in the latter which was between 15 and 80 on a 0 to 100 scale . Attenuation was less pronounced in CATA responses which spanned approx . 5 to 85 . In the second part of the research which included six studies CATA questions were compared with applicability ratings obtained on 10cm unstructured line scales . The results were highly similar to the comparison between CATA questions and intensity scales and further confirmed that average CATA term citation frequency can be interpreted as representing consumers intensity perceptions . The attenuation in scale range was again observed . Collectively the results contribute further support for the popularity of CATA questions for sensory characterization by consumers in product testing .,This finding emphasises how despite the simplicity of the CATA task and the fact that individual responses are not measures of intensity the average citation frequencies do reflect perceived intensity . Collectively the results contribute further support for the popularity of CATA questions for sensory characterization by consumers in product testing . A systematic difference between citation frequencies and intensity ratings was attenuation of scale use in the latter which was between 15 and 80 on a 0 to 100 scale .249248,Excessive salt in the diet can pose significant health risks and therefore the reduction of salt derived from food is an important issue relating to human nutrition and health . Furthermore the perception of saltiness will be different among people when considering their innate sensitivity gender age psychological traits and dietary habits . In this study 31 younger participants and 29 older participants were used as research subjects . A web based questionnaire survey was used to collect information regarding of socio demographics consumption frequency and liking for salty and pungent food as well as personality traits throughout the younger and the older participants . In addition the 6 n propylthiouracil ratings were tested by the generalized Labeled Magnitude Scale in the laboratory conditions . The rated difference from control method was used to test the sensitivity differences in the saltiness of NaCl and the pungent sensation elicited by Sichuan pepper oleoresin between the younger and older groups . The results showed that the thresholds were significantly lower in the younger group than in the older group except for the detection threshold of saltiness . Furthermore the recognition threshold of saltiness decreased in the presence of the sub threshold pungency solution while the salty intensity was enhanced in both the younger and older groups when exposed to the slightly pungent solution compared to the control . For the younger group the enhancement percentage of the salty intensity was between 9.3 and 12.5 while at the concentration of 4.05g L the salty enhancement percentage increased by 6.4 in the older group . In addition the reduction percentageof NaCl reached a level of up to 34.4 in the younger group and was 4.4 in the older group . The Partial Least Squares Regression results indicated that the percentage change in salty intensity increased when the detection threshold of saltiness the sensation seeking ratings and PROP ratings increased . On the contrary the change decreased when the age life satisfaction ratings detection threshold of pungency and consumption frequency of salty food increased . These findings not only provide new information for the flavor design of salt reduced food and dishes but also be valuable to public health as well as economic benefits .,On the contrary the change decreased when the age life satisfaction ratings detection threshold of pungency and consumption frequency of salty food increased . In addition the reduction percentageof NaCl reached a level of up to 34.4 in the younger group and was 4.4 in the older group . The results showed that the thresholds were significantly lower in the younger group than in the older group except for the detection threshold of saltiness .250249,The Dietarian Identity Questionnaire assesses how an individual thinks feels and behaves regarding the consumption or eschewal of animal products . This instrument offers a useful method for understanding how omnivores vegetarians and vegans alike construct their eating behaviours . In the current study,In the current study The Dietarian Identity Questionnaire assesses how an individual thinks feels and behaves regarding the consumption or eschewal of animal products . This instrument offers a useful method for understanding how omnivores vegetarians and vegans alike construct their eating behaviours .251250,This paper investigates the relationship between the choice drivers for wine among Chinese consumers with their personal values using two sets of Best Worst Scaling data .,This paper investigates the relationship between the choice drivers for wine among Chinese consumers with their personal values using two sets of Best Worst Scaling data .252251,Application of tribology in food systems has primarily focused on liquids and semi solids . The present study examined texture perception in a solid food using apples as the proof of concept . The study aimed to assess a the ability of tribological measurements to predict a multicomponent sensory property in hard food and b the impact of two common motion patterns on tribological measurements and mathematical correlations with sensory texture of a hard food . The textures of ten apple varieties were evaluated by a trained sensory panel while friction and wear behavior were measured instrumentally . Spearman correlations indicated that texture attributes significantly correlated with total penetration depth and with friction coefficients during the transient phase but not with friction coefficients from the steady state phase in both rotational and linear tribology . This was an important finding as the steady state phase is predominantly used in food tribology research yet our findings showed poor correlations with steady state data while showing strong correlations with sensory perception in the transient phase . The strong mathematical correlations found in the transient phase suggest that test conditions that provoke a dynamic friction response from the sample may more closely resemble the conditions under which humans perceive friction during oral processing .,The textures of ten apple varieties were evaluated by a trained sensory panel while friction and wear behavior were measured instrumentally . The study aimed to assess a the ability of tribological measurements to predict a multicomponent sensory property in hard food and b the impact of two common motion patterns on tribological measurements and mathematical correlations with sensory texture of a hard food . The present study examined texture perception in a solid food using apples as the proof of concept .253252,The aim of the present work was to explore the effect of the inclusion of nutritional warnings on consumer associations with labels of ultra processed products . The study was conducted in Uruguay at two points in time before and after the compulsory implementation of nutritional warnings . A total of 163 participants evaluated three labels of ultra processed products using a word association task . In the first evaluation performed 9months before the entry into force of nutritional warnings labels were presented without warnings . Nine months later participants evaluated the labels with warnings again . Data were analyzed using content analysis . At T1 when labels were presented without nutritional warnings responses to the word association task were related to a description of the product category expected sensory characteristics of the products brand names liking and eating occasions . However when the labels were presented with the warnings at T2 a significant increase in the frequency of mention of responses was observed within the categories,The aim of the present work was to explore the effect of the inclusion of nutritional warnings on consumer associations with labels of ultra processed products . The study was conducted in Uruguay at two points in time before and after the compulsory implementation of nutritional warnings . However when the labels were presented with the warnings at T2 a significant increase in the frequency of mention of responses was observed within the categories254253,While drinkability is of paramount importance when discussing beer there is no established methodology to assess it . The main objective of the present study was to develop a new method of sensory evaluation with consumers to obtain a better understanding of beer drinkability . With the aim of being practically and effectively used in a wide range of consumer tests in an,The main objective of the present study was to develop a new method of sensory evaluation with consumers to obtain a better understanding of beer drinkability . With the aim of being practically and effectively used in a wide range of consumer tests in an While drinkability is of paramount importance when discussing beer there is no established methodology to assess it .255254,Gathering information from social networks such as Twitter has emerged to obtain spontaneous and direct opinions of users about a topic . This study focuses on using co occurrence networks to analyse Twitter information . The objectives were to study the impact of text pre treatment and to apply co occurrence networks for analysing what is said on Twitter about specific topics like gluten free . As such 16 386 tweets in Spanish containing terms sin gluten and gluten free were collected . A subset of 3000 tweets was used to make co occurrence networks two ways i from the manually coded text and ii from pre cleaned text . Results indicate that the co occurrence network from pre cleaned text provides meaningful information showing structure and relevance for terms like the network from coded text . The whole set of tweets was used to explore Twitter information on gluten free showing users share information about products occasions social situations and places but also product characteristics sensations and diet or health issues related to the products . Five product categories critical for the lack of gluten occupied most tweets and according to the related terms were intended to recommend how to get these gluten free products and to exhibit what they prepare and eat . These aspects were different among products and separated co occurrence networks allowed better identification .,The objectives were to study the impact of text pre treatment and to apply co occurrence networks for analysing what is said on Twitter about specific topics like gluten free . Five product categories critical for the lack of gluten occupied most tweets and according to the related terms were intended to recommend how to get these gluten free products and to exhibit what they prepare and eat . A subset of 3000 tweets was used to make co occurrence networks two ways i from the manually coded text and ii from pre cleaned text .256255,Bitterness is classically considered undesirable in foods and beverages . Yet widespread commercial success of beers indicate bitterness is desirable for some consumers . Here we tested whether personality traits influence beer liking and intake . Under laboratory conditions beer consumers rated liking and intensity of 2 pale ales and a lager and intensity of two bitter solutions . Participants also completed intake and personality questionnaires . A liking ratio for each beer was calculated from each participants liking for that specific beer and their total liking for all beers . Participants were classified as weekly monthly or yearly pale ale consumers using intake data . Using intensity ratings personality measures and other parameters hierarchical linear regression was used to predict liking ratios and logistic regression was used to predict beer intake frequency . A significant interaction between Sensation Seeking and quinine bitterness was found for the liking ratio of a pale ale . The interaction revealed liking of the pale ale increased with Sensation Seeking but only if quinine bitterness was also high . Intake models showed increased odds of frequent pale ale intake with greater quinine bitterness and lower liking for lager beer . These data suggest liking and intake of pale ales is positively related to Sensation Seeking and bitter taste perception . Contrary to findings in other bitter foods and beverages the high bitterness found in pale ales may be desirable for some consumers .,A significant interaction between Sensation Seeking and quinine bitterness was found for the liking ratio of a pale ale . The interaction revealed liking of the pale ale increased with Sensation Seeking but only if quinine bitterness was also high . Contrary to findings in other bitter foods and beverages the high bitterness found in pale ales may be desirable for some consumers .257256,Electronic cigarettes are a recent development in tobacco harm reduction . They are marketed as a healthier alternative to conventional cigarettes but their health impact is unknown . Therefore the aim of this study was to investigate the odor perception of smokers and vapers in comparison to non smokers . For the study 181 study participants aged 18 to 46years were selected and divided into three groups including the control group as well as two investigated groups consisted of smokers and vapers . The individuals were evaluated by applying the Sniffin Sticks odor threshold discrimination and identification test . To express the overall results a composite threshold discrimination identification score was calculated . The results of the threshold test showed a significant difference between non smokers and smokers as well as smokers and vapers . The data of odor discrimination and odor identification as well as the TDI score revealed a significant difference between all three evaluated groups . Furthermore according to the Pearson test there was a significant correlation between the pack years and odor threshold and the TDI score . However the correlation between the pack years and the results of the odor discrimination and identification was not statistically significant . Besides the duration of vaping and amount of consumed liquid did not correlate with the odor threshold discrimination identification as well as the TDI score . Finally it can be stated that the non smoker group exhibited the best performance in the conducted olfactory tests closely followed by the vapers . In contrast the consumption of cigarettes had a negative impact on the olfactory perception of smokers .,Therefore the aim of this study was to investigate the odor perception of smokers and vapers in comparison to non smokers . In contrast the consumption of cigarettes had a negative impact on the olfactory perception of smokers . The individuals were evaluated by applying the Sniffin Sticks odor threshold discrimination and identification test .258257,Targeted interventions have important under explored potential for reducing meat consumption . We hypothesized that group specific interventions targeting reduction for reducer moderate hindrance and strong hindrance meat eaters would be effective . All participants were randomly assigned to one of three treatment conditions designed for these three meat eating groups or to a control condition . Following the intervention up to 28days of food diaries were gathered to measure their consumption of animal products which were weighted according to their greenhouse gas emissions . The targeted interventions significantly outperformed the non targeted interventions . That is participants in the group matched conditions reduced their animal product consumption by 40g of CO,That is participants in the group matched conditions reduced their animal product consumption by 40g of CO The targeted interventions significantly outperformed the non targeted interventions . Following the intervention up to 28days of food diaries were gathered to measure their consumption of animal products which were weighted according to their greenhouse gas emissions .259258,The use of virtual reality in sensory science studies can offer new possibilities for experimental design . For instance VR allows for the modification of visual product properties without changing the product composition . In a set of two augmented virtuality studies we investigated whether the results we obtained in real life settings were comparable to the results we obtained in a VR environment . In Study 1 we transferred an existing sensory science experiment to a VR setting . We invited 100 participants to taste two juices and a piece of cake . In the VR environment participants saw the product either in its original colour or in a modified product atypical colour . After the product tasting we asked them to identify the most dominant flavour . Participants had more difficulties identifying the flavour when the product was shown in a modified colour than when it was shown in its original colour . In Study 2 we added an RL control condition to facilitate a direct comparison between the two conditions and to verify our findings from Study 1 . A chi square test for association revealed no significant differences between the RL and VR conditions . We conclude that sensory studies can be successfully transferred to VR and obtain a generally similar pattern of results .,For instance VR allows for the modification of visual product properties without changing the product composition . In Study 2 we added an RL control condition to facilitate a direct comparison between the two conditions and to verify our findings from Study 1 . After the product tasting we asked them to identify the most dominant flavour .260259,Food waste is a significant problem and consumers tendency to reject misshapen produce has been identified as a key contributing factor . The current work investigates the implications of consumers incorporating aesthetic beauty into their prototypesmental renderingsof fruits and vegetables . It is proposed that consumers have idealized prototypes for produce and this impacts the aversion to misshapen produce . The authors draw on prototype theory to predict that consumers personal experiences will influence the extent to which their prototypes for these foods have been biased towards aesthetic beauty and consequently how they respond to produce that is misshapen . Across three studies the authors demonstrate that consumers who have direct experience with produce cultivation view produce that is low in aesthetic beauty as more prototypical less disgusting and more desirable . This work contributes to the food waste literature by offering novel insights into the psychological basis of the aversion to misshapen produce . These findings also present important implications for food policy .,It is proposed that consumers have idealized prototypes for produce and this impacts the aversion to misshapen produce . This work contributes to the food waste literature by offering novel insights into the psychological basis of the aversion to misshapen produce . The current work investigates the implications of consumers incorporating aesthetic beauty into their prototypesmental renderingsof fruits and vegetables .261260,This study analyzed childrens 5 to 12years old and their mothers vegetable liking in three countries . Liking measures were collected using tasting sessions in which fourteen different vegetables were tasted . Three factors were tested country status and products . The results showed that mothers gave higher liking vegetable scores than their children when all the participants were analyzed together,The results showed that mothers gave higher liking vegetable scores than their children when all the participants were analyzed together This study analyzed childrens 5 to 12years old and their mothers vegetable liking in three countries . Three factors were tested country status and products .262261,3D printing has the potential to produce on demand food tailored to individuals needs and preferences . The present study explored 3D printed food acceptance in a real life military setting . Over a period of 4weeks soldiers consumed and evaluated multiple recovery snack bars . In week 1 participants received a benchmark bar that was created with conventional manufacturing processes . In week 2 to 4 participants received a 3D printed snack bar with increasing customisation options choice of texture in week 2 choice of texture and taste in week 3 and choice of texture taste and ingredients in week 4 . Attitudes towards 3D food printing and potential drivers of 3D printed food acceptance were assessed in weeks 1 and 4 before and after repeated consumption of the snack bars .,The present study explored 3D printed food acceptance in a real life military setting . 3D printing has the potential to produce on demand food tailored to individuals needs and preferences . Attitudes towards 3D food printing and potential drivers of 3D printed food acceptance were assessed in weeks 1 and 4 before and after repeated consumption of the snack bars .263262,Sensory scientists have adapted several sensory methods to fit childrens cognitive abilities according to their different developmental stages . Although children have been reported to be able to use sensory methods to describe foods and beverages published applications are limited to static characterizations . In this context the objective of the study was to evaluate the feasibility of using two dynamic methods for sensory characterization with children . A video featuring colored circles was used to convey the idea of temporal perception and to familiarize children with the methods . A series of six vanilla milk desserts was used in the tasting session . A total of 102 children recruited from two Uruguayan schools participated in the study . They were randomly divided in two groups each of which used one of the methods . Results showed that TCATA and TDS allowed capturing the dynamics in the video . However TCATA provided a more detailed description of how the colored circles evolved with time than TDS . In the case of the milk desserts samples both methodologies showed similar results regarding the most relevant sensory characteristics . However children mostly used them as static methods . In the TDS task children dithered for long before selecting a new attribute which points towards difficulties in evaluating dominance . Results from the present work suggest that refinements are needed to make TCATA and TDS methods applicable with children for characterizing food stimuli .,In this context the objective of the study was to evaluate the feasibility of using two dynamic methods for sensory characterization with children . A video featuring colored circles was used to convey the idea of temporal perception and to familiarize children with the methods . A series of six vanilla milk desserts was used in the tasting session .264263,In several situations it is desired to simultaneously alter the intensities of two food stimuli without affecting acceptance or causing sensory rejection . However at present it is only possible to determine sensory thresholds by varying just one stimulus at a time . The objective of this study was to propose a new methodology the Hedonic Thresholds Methodology Varying Two Stimuli HTM,The objective of this study was to propose a new methodology the Hedonic Thresholds Methodology Varying Two Stimuli HTM In several situations it is desired to simultaneously alter the intensities of two food stimuli without affecting acceptance or causing sensory rejection . However at present it is only possible to determine sensory thresholds by varying just one stimulus at a time .265264,Consumers increasingly fulfil the role of co creators by collaborating with producers in new product development . Communicating that the product has been co developed with consumers tends to positively influence consumer perceptions . However research remains limited regarding,Consumers increasingly fulfil the role of co creators by collaborating with producers in new product development . Communicating that the product has been co developed with consumers tends to positively influence consumer perceptions . However research remains limited regarding266265,This study aimed to determine how sample temperatures affect sensory attributes of and emotional responses to tomato soup samples . Six professionally trained panelists evaluated two tomato soup products randomly served at four temperatures 25 40 55 and 70C and rated intensities of 29 attributes . Trained panelists found that five attributes changed with sample temperature of tomato soup . A total of 103 consumers also evaluated the same tomato soup products served at four temperatures using check all that apply ballots related to sensory attributes and emotional responses . The 27 emotional and 20 sensory attributes differed significantly among samples of two product types served at four temperatures . A principal component analysis showed that variation in sensory attributes could better be explained by product type rather than sample temperature while emotional response variation was attributed more to sample temperature than to product type . Sensory and emotional drivers of liking were also found to differ with sample temperature . Another study in which 66 consumers characterized sensory and emotional attributes of purified water at the four temperatures was conducted . Consumer emotional responses to water samples changed with sample temperature while sensory perception varied only minimally . In conclusion our findings provide empirical evidence that sample temperature significantly influences both emotional responses and sensory attributes and temperature effects vary with the type of food .,Another study in which 66 consumers characterized sensory and emotional attributes of purified water at the four temperatures was conducted . The 27 emotional and 20 sensory attributes differed significantly among samples of two product types served at four temperatures . In conclusion our findings provide empirical evidence that sample temperature significantly influences both emotional responses and sensory attributes and temperature effects vary with the type of food .267266,The consumption of infusions is affected by many factors namely those associated with culture health and sensory properties . The main goal of this research was to explore and understand consumers perceptions and behaviours regarding consumption and preparation of herbal infusions applying a mixed methodology the evaluation of consumers behaviours assessed through direct self reported measures and indirect methods such as free word association and auto videography . A total of 489 Portuguese consumers replied to a web based questionnaire . Based on their frequency of consumption and availability 60 participants were selected for an observational study . Over 27 of the participants had at least a daily cup of herbal infusion and over 74 had it at least every week . At home participants reported the use of teapots or mugs cups to prepare their infusions and mostly chose bags . Approximately 80 of the respondents removed the bags or loose leaves after steeping mainly based on the infusion colour . The freeword association results show that daily and weekly consumers establish a stronger connection with the sensory emotional health and wellbeing dimensions of the product while less frequent consumers only consider the composition of the herbal infusion . From the observational study it was noticeable that most of the consumers take less than one minute to steep the infusions clearly below the four to ten minutes recommended for the most popular herbal infusions like lemon verbena or peppermint . These results emphasize the need for communication strategies focused on the preparation process to give consumers tools to improve their sensory experience .,The freeword association results show that daily and weekly consumers establish a stronger connection with the sensory emotional health and wellbeing dimensions of the product while less frequent consumers only consider the composition of the herbal infusion . Approximately 80 of the respondents removed the bags or loose leaves after steeping mainly based on the infusion colour . The main goal of this research was to explore and understand consumers perceptions and behaviours regarding consumption and preparation of herbal infusions applying a mixed methodology the evaluation of consumers behaviours assessed through direct self reported measures and indirect methods such as free word association and auto videography .268267,The purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of front of pack variations on consumer attention . In a laboratory experiment using an eye tracking method the authors exposed 165 respondents to planograms containing target products displaying identical FOPs or FOPs with variations . Attention was measured by fixation duration and fixation counts and eye movements were recorded at 250Hz . The findings showed that FOP variations catch respondents attention . Visual saliency has often been defined as a physical property of an object . In the current study we show the importance of also taking into account the interaction of one stimulus with other stimuli . To our knowledge this is the first time that the effects of FOP variations have been investigated . On a managerial level the current study offers a simple and low priced solution to cut through the clutter and catch consumers attention which is the first step to a product purchase .,The purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of front of pack variations on consumer attention . In the current study we show the importance of also taking into account the interaction of one stimulus with other stimuli . On a managerial level the current study offers a simple and low priced solution to cut through the clutter and catch consumers attention which is the first step to a product purchase .269268,Temporal Dominance of Sensations and Temporal Check All That Apply are the most popular methods used with consumers for the temporal sensory characterization of a set of products . However TDS and TCATA share the same limitation they rely on a predefined and necessarily short list of descriptors . Free Comment enables the sensory characterization of a set of products freed of any issue induced by the use of a list of descriptors but for practical reasons collecting FC descriptions concurrently to the product intake is nearly impossible . Attack Evolution Finish is an alternative to TDS and TCATA that replace concurrent by retrospective data collection . In AEF subjects are asked to choose in a list one descriptor for each of the so called periods Attack Evolution and Finish . The paper introduced Free Comment Attack Evolution Finish to extend FC to temporal sensory analysis where descriptor selections of AEF are replaced by FC descriptions . FC AEF has been used at home with 63 consumers having tasted five dark chocolates . The data were analysed product wise and period wise and showed that FC AEF enabled to provide temporal discrimination and characterization of the products . The product wise analyses identified in each period the descriptors of each product enabling this discrimination . The period wise analyses identified for each product the descriptors generating a temporal kinetic of its perception .,Temporal Dominance of Sensations and Temporal Check All That Apply are the most popular methods used with consumers for the temporal sensory characterization of a set of products . Free Comment enables the sensory characterization of a set of products freed of any issue induced by the use of a list of descriptors but for practical reasons collecting FC descriptions concurrently to the product intake is nearly impossible . The data were analysed product wise and period wise and showed that FC AEF enabled to provide temporal discrimination and characterization of the products .270269,Due to its simplicity Check all that apply is a promising method for consumer studies with children to generate sensory and other descriptions of samples and to find their drivers of liking . This paper explores how childrens approach to the CATA test influences the outcome based on two case studies that illustrate suitable setups for CATA tests with children of the age group 69 . The children s approach to the CATA task was described with ticking style indicators based on which three ticking style groups were defined . One group ticked only a few attributes probably due to cognitive limitations e.g . lack of reading skills limited vocabulary or ability to focus on the task . The second group gradually increased their number of ticked attributes per sample over the test while the third subgroup ticked a steady number of attributes throughout the test . The two latter groups are likely to represent different test strategies one using the CATA list relatively to the sample space and one using the CATA list as in a more absolute way . Analysis regarding data validity assessed by the detection of pre defined Design of Experiment sample differences and the alignment to a trained panel using Quantitative Descriptive Analysis revealed that ticking style played a crucial role . This study shows the importance of analysing ticking style as a validation strategy for CATA tests run with children and as a tool to gain insights into underlying test strategies .,This paper explores how childrens approach to the CATA test influences the outcome based on two case studies that illustrate suitable setups for CATA tests with children of the age group 69 . Analysis regarding data validity assessed by the detection of pre defined Design of Experiment sample differences and the alignment to a trained panel using Quantitative Descriptive Analysis revealed that ticking style played a crucial role . The children s approach to the CATA task was described with ticking style indicators based on which three ticking style groups were defined .271270,Both food image and name are important in advertising and packaging which means that identifying their effects on consumer preferences is of both conceptual and managerial importance . However although an increasing body of research currently focuses on the impact of food attributes on consumers whether the sensory correspondences between food shape and name typeface affect consumer reactions is an under researched topic . This paper thus comprises five studies to demonstrate the congruence effect between food shape and name typeface whereby consumers prefer foods with a round shape that are labeled with a round name typeface . This shapetypeface congruence effect is driven by the psychological mechanism of processing fluency which derives from the sensory correspondences between food shape and name typeface . Finally this study identifies an important boundary condition of the congruence effect confirming it affects only the consumer response to hedonic and not utilitarian goods . Using multiple foods and typefaces the findings provide significant implications for processing fluency sensory correspondences and food marketing .,This shapetypeface congruence effect is driven by the psychological mechanism of processing fluency which derives from the sensory correspondences between food shape and name typeface . Finally this study identifies an important boundary condition of the congruence effect confirming it affects only the consumer response to hedonic and not utilitarian goods . However although an increasing body of research currently focuses on the impact of food attributes on consumers whether the sensory correspondences between food shape and name typeface affect consumer reactions is an under researched topic .272271,Research on the relationship between vegetarianism and subjective well being has produced inconsistent results which may partly be due to small sample sizes and divergent operationalizations of well being . For these reasons the present study aimed to thoroughly examine this association in two large representative samples from Germany Study 1,Research on the relationship between vegetarianism and subjective well being has produced inconsistent results which may partly be due to small sample sizes and divergent operationalizations of well being . For these reasons the present study aimed to thoroughly examine this association in two large representative samples from Germany Study 1273272,The present research investigates the general effect of auditory noise control in individuals eating and drinking experiences . In particular the study applied passive vs active commercial headphone noise control techniques to an urban drinking situation . Here each participant drank twice the same coffee while exposed to a louder vs less loud version of the same background noise of a food court in busy hours . Note that by loud louder and less loud we are referring to differences in the sound level of the noise .,The present research investigates the general effect of auditory noise control in individuals eating and drinking experiences . Note that by loud louder and less loud we are referring to differences in the sound level of the noise . Here each participant drank twice the same coffee while exposed to a louder vs less loud version of the same background noise of a food court in busy hours .274273,Satisfaction with food related life is one component of satisfaction with life . Although researchers have identified associations between satisfaction with food related life and specific food behaviours it is still not clear how consumers conceptualize this complex construct . The aims of the present study were to explore consumers conceptualization of SWFRL to compare how parents and adolescents in dual headed households perceive SWFRL and to identify aspects that would increase their SWFRL . One hundred and sixty four dual families composed of mother father and at least one adolescent child between 10 and 17years of age participated in the study . They completed a word association task with Being satisfied with my food related life and completed the sentence I would be more satisfied with my food related life if . Participants responses were aligned with the formal definition of SWFRL . References to specific foods and food characteristics were also mentioned in the word association task . No significant differences were found between parents and adolescents in the frequency of mention of responses related to the identified categories and supra categories suggesting lack of differences in their conceptualization of SWFRL . Changes in eating behaviours and individuals resources for purchasing and preparing foods were regarded as the main factors that could increase SWFRL . Differences between family members were found in some of the aspects associated with an increase in SWFRL . Results from this study can aid in the development of strategies for promoting changes in eating habits and increasing SWFRL targeted at different family members .,Differences between family members were found in some of the aspects associated with an increase in SWFRL . Results from this study can aid in the development of strategies for promoting changes in eating habits and increasing SWFRL targeted at different family members . The aims of the present study were to explore consumers conceptualization of SWFRL to compare how parents and adolescents in dual headed households perceive SWFRL and to identify aspects that would increase their SWFRL .275274,Involvement in vegetable preparation is thought to be an effective strategy to increase childrens vegetable intake but the evidence from experimental studies is scarce . A between subject experiment was executed in a restaurant setting to investigate the effect of participation in vegetable preparation on 46 year old childrens vegetable intake . After a baseline evening meal intervention children participated in a vegetable preparation session together with an enthusiastic chef . Control children participated in small groups in a book reading activity . Subsequently they ate an evening meal . Follow up sessions at one month and three months were included to assess possible longer term effects . Vegetable intake was the main outcome . Secondary outcomes were vegetable choice and involvement in food related activities at home . For all four sessions childrens vegetable intake ranged between 50 and 60g in both conditions . Participation in carrot preparation did not increase childrens vegetable intake . Involvement in food related activities at home remained stable in the intervention group whereas it decreased slightly in the control group . A cluster analysis identified four distinct vegetable eating patterns over time suggesting that there are different segments of children . To conclude participating once in an out of home vegetable preparation session with an enthusiastic chef did not influence childrens intake of a familiar vegetable but it may support their general involvement in food related activities at home .,A between subject experiment was executed in a restaurant setting to investigate the effect of participation in vegetable preparation on 46 year old childrens vegetable intake . Vegetable intake was the main outcome . Involvement in food related activities at home remained stable in the intervention group whereas it decreased slightly in the control group .276275,Subjective taste intensity in adults is affected by the scent of food . Previous studies have shown that children compared with adults prefer sweet tasting foods as well as foods with a familiar smell . However how taste smell congruency and smell familiarity develop in early toddlerhood is still unclear . Here we examined the effects of the odours of soy sauce one of the most familiar foods in Japan and honey which is a sweet gustatory stimulus but unfamiliar to younger Japanese toddlers by comparing the sugared water consumption of toddlers under different odour conditions . Forty seven younger,Subjective taste intensity in adults is affected by the scent of food . Here we examined the effects of the odours of soy sauce one of the most familiar foods in Japan and honey which is a sweet gustatory stimulus but unfamiliar to younger Japanese toddlers by comparing the sugared water consumption of toddlers under different odour conditions . Forty seven younger277276,The present study investigated the effects of thinking style health related consumption purpose and their interaction on food choice using yogurt packages . For each yogurt four 2 level label variables were used in a discrete choice experiment image taste description probiotics claim and nutritional information . The choice experiment was completed by 148 female study participants while their eye movements were recorded using a remote eye tracker . The expanded Cognitive Reflection Test was used to evaluate their thinking style . The participants self reports on the purpose of their yogurt consumption were used to evaluate whether or not the purpose of product consumption was associated with health per participant . Results from the choice task showed that both CRT and health related consumption purpose influenced the effect of image and nutritional information variables . For the participants visual attention the CRT significantly influenced all four label variables while health related consumption purpose only significantly influenced the image variable . Visual attention towards image decreased when the purpose of product consumption was associated with health . In addition the attention towards and the importance attached to nutritional information increased with increasing CRT scores but these effects were diminished when the participants purpose of product consumption was related to health . These results show that the influence of thinking style on food choice may be moderated by the consumers health related consumption purpose .,Results from the choice task showed that both CRT and health related consumption purpose influenced the effect of image and nutritional information variables . The present study investigated the effects of thinking style health related consumption purpose and their interaction on food choice using yogurt packages . Visual attention towards image decreased when the purpose of product consumption was associated with health .278277,Traditionally wines have been described using lexicons and trained panels . However consumers of wine have varying knowledge about wine s sensory properties and they may interpret these attributes in different manners or use different words to describe the wines . As such the objective of the study was to investigate how consumers evaluate cool climate wines produced in Nova Scotia Canada . The study involved 972 wine consumers and 76 wines . Each wine was evaluated using projective mapping and ultra flash profiling . Each PM and UFP involved seven different wines and one replicate sample . The participants were able to distinguish between the different varieties of wine and positioned the identical samples together . Overall the participants used many attributes that described the taste and aroma of the wines as well as distinguished wines based on their sweetness and bitterness . The participants used very few terms to describe the mouthfeel and appearance of the wines . Based on these results wine producers and organizations may want to focus on educating consumers on the importance of mouthfeel and appearance attributes of wines . Overall the participants in this study had a low level of objective wine knowledge but they purchased wine frequently and were interested in wine . Wine producers and organizations should create labels that use descriptors that are used by consumers but also include descriptors that educate the consumers .,The participants were able to distinguish between the different varieties of wine and positioned the identical samples together . The participants used very few terms to describe the mouthfeel and appearance of the wines . Based on these results wine producers and organizations may want to focus on educating consumers on the importance of mouthfeel and appearance attributes of wines .279278,This preliminary study describes the impact of the COVID 19 health crisis on peoples interests opinions and behaviour towards food . Here the evolution of peoples internet searches the characteristics of the most watched YouTube videos and Tweeted messages in relation to COVID 19 and food was studied . Additionally an online questionnaire studied changes in food shopping habits during the lockdown motivations behind the changes and perceived reliability of the information received from media . Results showed initial trending searches and most watched YouTube videos were about understanding what COVID 19 is and how the illness can progress and spread . When the official statement of a pandemic was released trending searches in relation to food and shopping increased . Data retrieved from Twitter also showed an evolution from shopping concerns to the feeling of uncertainty for the oncoming crisis . The answers to the online questionnaire showed reduction of shopping frequency but no changes in shopping location . Products purchased with higher frequency were,Additionally an online questionnaire studied changes in food shopping habits during the lockdown motivations behind the changes and perceived reliability of the information received from media . Here the evolution of peoples internet searches the characteristics of the most watched YouTube videos and Tweeted messages in relation to COVID 19 and food was studied . This preliminary study describes the impact of the COVID 19 health crisis on peoples interests opinions and behaviour towards food .280279,A growing body of research has demonstrated the existence of cross modal correspondences that involve tastes and sounds . For example front vowels and voiceless consonants are more matched with sweetness than back vowels and voiced consonants . However research on taste sound correspondences so far has focused mainly on the vowel position and or consonant types . The literature on onomatopoeia and phonaesthetics suggests that vowel length can be used to convey pleasure or euphony and displeasure . This paper explores the linkages between vowel length and taste attributes . Specifically this paper investigated the link between long vowel sounds and sweetness . In three studies we demonstrate that people expect words containing long vowels to connote sweeter tastes than words containing short vowels . Our findings reveal the importance of vowel length in taste sound associations and show its linkage with the taste continuum .,Specifically this paper investigated the link between long vowel sounds and sweetness . This paper explores the linkages between vowel length and taste attributes . Our findings reveal the importance of vowel length in taste sound associations and show its linkage with the taste continuum .281280,Research on food waste reduction suggests that solutions aimed at reducing waste early in the consumption cycle are the most impactful . Based on this premise food research labs and food manufacturers have started creating and selling foods made from food ingredients that are generally discarded . Such foods termed upcycled foods are safe for human consumption and provide a promising solution to reduce food waste . However the commercial success of this new category of foods will depend on consumers acceptance . This research examines a key indicator of acceptance consumers willingness to pay . We find that although consumers are willing to pay less for upcycled foods compared to conventional alternatives messaging increases consumers willingness to pay . Specifically we find that rational messaging is more effective than emotional messaging . Overall our findings suggest that upcycled foods may command good acceptance among consumers .,Research on food waste reduction suggests that solutions aimed at reducing waste early in the consumption cycle are the most impactful . However the commercial success of this new category of foods will depend on consumers acceptance . Specifically we find that rational messaging is more effective than emotional messaging .282281,Tooth segmentation acts as a crucial and fundamental role in dentistry for doctors to make diagnosis and treatment plans . In this paper we propose a Two Stage Attention Segmentation Network on dental panoramic X ray images to address the issues suffered in the tooth boundary and tooth root segmentation task which are caused by the low contrast and uneven intensity distribution . We firstly adopt an attention model which is embedded with global and local attention modules to roughly localize the tooth region in the first stage . Without any interactive operator the attention model so constructed can automatically aggregate pixel wise contextual information and identify coarse tooth boundaries . To better obtain final boundary information we use a fully convolutional network as the second stage to further segment the real tooth area from the attention maps obtained from the first stage . The effectiveness of TSASNet is substantiated on the benchmark dataset containing 1 500 dental panoramic X ray images our proposed method achieves 96.94 of accuracy 92.72 of dice and 93.77 of recall significantly superior to the current state of the art methods .,The effectiveness of TSASNet is substantiated on the benchmark dataset containing 1 500 dental panoramic X ray images our proposed method achieves 96.94 of accuracy 92.72 of dice and 93.77 of recall significantly superior to the current state of the art methods . In this paper we propose a Two Stage Attention Segmentation Network on dental panoramic X ray images to address the issues suffered in the tooth boundary and tooth root segmentation task which are caused by the low contrast and uneven intensity distribution . We firstly adopt an attention model which is embedded with global and local attention modules to roughly localize the tooth region in the first stage .283282,Dropout is commonly used in deep neural networks to alleviate the problem of overfitting . Conventionally the neurons in a layer indiscriminately share a fixed drop probability which results in difficulty in determining the appropriate value for different tasks . Moreover this static strategy will also incur serious degradation on performance when the conventional dropout is extensively applied to both shallow and deep layers . A question is whether selectively dropping the neurons would realize a better regularization effect . This paper proposes a simple and effective surrogate dropout method whereby neurons are dropped according to their importance . The proposed method has two main stages . The first stage trains a surrogate module that can be jointly optimized along with the neural network to evaluate the importance of each neuron . In the second stage the output of the surrogate module is regarded as a guidance signal for dropping certain neurons approximating the optimal per neuron drop rate when the network converges . Various convolutional neural network architectures and multiple datasets including CIFAR 10 CIFAR 100 SVHN Tiny ImageNet and two medical image datasets are used to evaluate the surrogate dropout method . The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves a better regularization effect than the baseline methods .,The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves a better regularization effect than the baseline methods . This paper proposes a simple and effective surrogate dropout method whereby neurons are dropped according to their importance . The proposed method has two main stages .284283,Linear discriminant analysis is among the most popular supervised dimensionality reduction algorithms which has been largely followed in the fields of pattern recognition and data mining . However LDA has three major drawbacks . One is the challenge brought by small sample size problem second makes it sensitive to outliers due to the use of squared,One is the challenge brought by small sample size problem second makes it sensitive to outliers due to the use of squared Linear discriminant analysis is among the most popular supervised dimensionality reduction algorithms which has been largely followed in the fields of pattern recognition and data mining . However LDA has three major drawbacks .285284,Clustering is a task used to group data from variegated sources including Big Data the Internet of Things and social media . Density peaks clustering has become a popular clustering technique for its simplicity and quality . However DPC requires a proper subset of input data points to be selected as centers using a plot called decision graph . This manual specification adds subjectivity and instability besides breaking the continuous flow of the algorithm . Automatic center detection approaches struggle with obtaining good results while avoiding to add parameters and complexity to the algorithm . We propose an approach to automatically determine cluster centers by detecting gaps between data points in a one dimensional version of the decision graph we detect these gaps heuristically by comparing the distance between pairs of consecutive points in terms of their gamma score . We tested our approach on synthetic and UCI data sets . Results show that the number of clusters is accurately predicted in comparison to other state of the art methods using F score and Adjusted Rand Index .,This manual specification adds subjectivity and instability besides breaking the continuous flow of the algorithm . Results show that the number of clusters is accurately predicted in comparison to other state of the art methods using F score and Adjusted Rand Index . We propose an approach to automatically determine cluster centers by detecting gaps between data points in a one dimensional version of the decision graph we detect these gaps heuristically by comparing the distance between pairs of consecutive points in terms of their gamma score .286285,There has contradictions in timeliness and diversity in the design schemes of complex product systems . The traditional solidified knowledge template for the knowledge reuse purpose can not meet the rapid design needs of complex products . This paper proposes a configurable knowledge ontology model and a corresponding design method for rapid derivation of complex products . Based on the combination of basic knowledge elements customized knowledge elements and assorted knowledge elements a knowledge structural body is constructed by unitizing knowledge ontology into units of knowledge . And a dynamic structured knowledge template configuration method based on physical form configuration and virtual form association is proposed . The knowledge configuration information is transmitted and parsed in XML form and the virtual form is established to associate and dynamically configure the corresponding physical form knowledge structure . Based on the structured knowledge model configuration template a rapid derivative design method for electronic equipment is proposed . The rapid derivation design process is divided into three stages requirement analysis index demonstration and scheme formation . By establishing seven knowledge attributes such as global local scope retrieval the required product knowledge elements rule knowledge elements and tools are dynamically configured to realize the dynamic processing of design parameters based on configuration knowledge elements and then form a corresponding design scheme . Finally a rapid derivation design system is developed and applied to electronic equipment which verifies the rationality and effectiveness of the proposed model and method .,Finally a rapid derivation design system is developed and applied to electronic equipment which verifies the rationality and effectiveness of the proposed model and method . This paper proposes a configurable knowledge ontology model and a corresponding design method for rapid derivation of complex products . Based on the structured knowledge model configuration template a rapid derivative design method for electronic equipment is proposed .287286,Community is an important property of networks . Recently label propagation based community detection algorithms develop rapidly since they can discover communities with high efficiency . However the results of most of them are inaccurate and unstable because the node order of label updating and the mechanism of label propagation are random . In this paper a new label propagation algorithm Graph Layout based Label Propagation Algorithm is proposed to reveal communities in networks which aims at detecting accurate communities and improving stability by exploiting multiple graph layout information . Firstly GLLPA draws networks to compact layout based on the force directed methods with,Firstly GLLPA draws networks to compact layout based on the force directed methods with However the results of most of them are inaccurate and unstable because the node order of label updating and the mechanism of label propagation are random . In this paper a new label propagation algorithm Graph Layout based Label Propagation Algorithm is proposed to reveal communities in networks which aims at detecting accurate communities and improving stability by exploiting multiple graph layout information .288287,In this paper for the first time a feature selection procedure is modeled as a multi criteria decision making process . This method is applied to a multi label data and we have used the TOPSIS method as a famous MCDM algorithm to evaluate the features based on their relationship with multiple labels as different criteria . Our proposed method,Our proposed method In this paper for the first time a feature selection procedure is modeled as a multi criteria decision making process . This method is applied to a multi label data and we have used the TOPSIS method as a famous MCDM algorithm to evaluate the features based on their relationship with multiple labels as different criteria .289288,Generalized zero shot classification is a challenging task to recognize test data which may come from seen or unseen classes . Existing methods suffer from the bias problem that the unseen images are easy to be misclassified to seen classes . Generating some fake unseen samples by Generative Adversarial Network has been a popular method . However these models are not easy to train . In this paper we proposed a method by learning domain invariant unseen features for generalized zero shot classification . Specifically we learn the support seen class set for each unseen class for transferring knowledge from source to target domain . The unseen samples of each class are generated based on the combinations of the samples from its support seen class set . In addition for dealing with the domain shift problem between source and target domains we learn domain invariant unseen features by minimizing the Maximum Mean Discrepancy distance of seen data generated unseen data and then project target data to the common space . For dealing with the bias problem we select some confident target unseen samples to augment training samples for training the classifier . In experiments we demonstrate that the proposed method significantly outperforms other state of the art methods .,In this paper we proposed a method by learning domain invariant unseen features for generalized zero shot classification . In experiments we demonstrate that the proposed method significantly outperforms other state of the art methods . For dealing with the bias problem we select some confident target unseen samples to augment training samples for training the classifier .290289,Autonomous learning diagnostics where the students strengths and weaknesses are disclosed from their observed performance data is a challenging task in e learning systems . Current student knowledge models can alleviate some of the problems in learning,Current student knowledge models can alleviate some of the problems in learning Autonomous learning diagnostics where the students strengths and weaknesses are disclosed from their observed performance data is a challenging task in e learning systems .291290,Domain adaptation learning is proposed as an effective technology for leveraging rich supervision knowledge from the related domain to learn a reliable classifier for a new domain . One popular kind of domain adaptation methods is based on feature representation . However such methods fail to consider the within class and between class relations after obtaining the new representation . In addition they do not consider the negative effects of features that might be redundant or irrelevant to the final classification . To this end a novel domain invariant feature learning method based on the maximum margin criterion and sparsity technique for unsupervised domain adaptation is proposed in this paper referred to as discriminative and informative joint distribution adaptation . Specifically DIJDA adopts the maximum margin criterion in the adaptation process such that the transformed samples are near to those in the same class but segregated from those in different classes . As a result the discriminative knowledge referred from source labels can be transferred to target domain effectively . Moreover DIJDA imposes a row sparsity constraint on the transformation matrix which enforces rows of the matrix corresponding to inessential feature attributes to be all zero . Therefore the most informative feature attributes can be extracted . Compared with several state of the art methods DIJDA substantially improves the classification results on five widely used benchmark datasets which demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed method .,Compared with several state of the art methods DIJDA substantially improves the classification results on five widely used benchmark datasets which demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed method . Moreover DIJDA imposes a row sparsity constraint on the transformation matrix which enforces rows of the matrix corresponding to inessential feature attributes to be all zero . To this end a novel domain invariant feature learning method based on the maximum margin criterion and sparsity technique for unsupervised domain adaptation is proposed in this paper referred to as discriminative and informative joint distribution adaptation .292291,Automatic and reliable fault diagnosis of rotating machinery cross working conditions is of practical importance . For this purpose ensemble transfer convolutional neural networks driven by multi channel signals are proposed in this paper . Firstly a series of source CNNs modified with stochastic pooling and Leaky rectified linear unit are pre trained using multi channel signals . Secondly the learned parameter knowledge of each individual source CNN is transferred to initialize the corresponding target CNN which is then fine tuned by a few target training samples . Finally a new decision fusion strategy is designed to flexibly fuse each individual target CNN to obtain the comprehensive result . The proposed method is used to analyze multi channel signals measured from rotating machinery . The comparison result shows the superiorities of the proposed method over the existing deep transfer learning methods .,For this purpose ensemble transfer convolutional neural networks driven by multi channel signals are proposed in this paper . The comparison result shows the superiorities of the proposed method over the existing deep transfer learning methods . The proposed method is used to analyze multi channel signals measured from rotating machinery .293292,In wireless sensor networks sensor nodes located close to the base station or sink are more susceptible to energy loss leading to premature disconnection of the network or energy holes . This is due to the fact that all traffic is forwarded towards the sink increasing the workloads for these closer nodes . One solution for this issue is to shorten the hop distance a sensors data has to travel until reaching the sink by deploying additional relay nodes . This paper considers the problem of optimal relay node placement for maximizing the network lifetime of wireless sensor networks in three dimensional terrains . We first design a mathematical model of the problem and reformulate it as a mixed integer programming model to provide a basis for finding lower bound solutions . We divide the problem into two phases and show that the second phase can be solved exactly using an algorithm based on maximum flow and binary search . We then propose a local search algorithm for the first phase utilizing the exact algorithm to create full solutions . Experimental validation on 3D datasets has been carried out to demonstrate the performance of our algorithms .,This paper considers the problem of optimal relay node placement for maximizing the network lifetime of wireless sensor networks in three dimensional terrains . We then propose a local search algorithm for the first phase utilizing the exact algorithm to create full solutions . We first design a mathematical model of the problem and reformulate it as a mixed integer programming model to provide a basis for finding lower bound solutions .294293,Compact optimization is an alternative paradigm in the field of metaheuristics requiring a modest use of memory to optimize a problem . As opposed to population based algorithms which conduct the search by employing a set of candidate solutions compact algorithms use a probabilistic model to describe how solutions are distributed over the search space . Compared to other Estimation of Distribution Algorithms peculiar features such as the use of simple probabilistic models in which variables are treated independently and the need for a minimal number of solutions to be sampled to perform the search make these algorithms suitable for those applications plagued by memory limitations . Compact algorithms show good results on different kinds of optimization problems but often prematurely converge and perform poorly on non separable . In this paper we attempt to overcome these limitations by combining compact algorithms with a restart mechanism named Re Sampled Inheritance whose purpose is to avoid premature convergence while also inheriting parts of the variables from the best solution found so far . To assess the effect of the RI mechanism we extensively test various existing compact algorithms with and without RI and compare the best RI based compact algorithm against several competing algorithms on several optimization problems at different dimensionalities . We also evaluate the effect of the RI parameters on the overall algorithmic performance . Our numerical results not only show that RI consistently enhances the performances of compact algorithms but also shed some light on the effectiveness of different compact logics at handling problems at different dimensionalities .,We also evaluate the effect of the RI parameters on the overall algorithmic performance . Our numerical results not only show that RI consistently enhances the performances of compact algorithms but also shed some light on the effectiveness of different compact logics at handling problems at different dimensionalities . Compact optimization is an alternative paradigm in the field of metaheuristics requiring a modest use of memory to optimize a problem .295294,This paper proposes a sparse representation layer in the feature extraction stage of a convolutional neural network . Our goal is to add sparse transforms to a target network to improve its performance without introducing an extra calculation burden . First the proposed method was achieved by inserting the sparse representation layers into a target networks shallow layers and the network was trained end to end using a supervised learning algorithm . Second In the forward pass the network captured the features through the convolutional layers and sparse representation layers accomplished with wavelet and shearlet transforms . Thirdly in the backward pass the weights of the learned kernels of the network were updated through a back propagated error while the sparse representation layers were fixed and did not require updating . The proposed method was verified on five datasets with the task of image classification FOOD 101 CIFAR10 100 DTD Brodatz and ImageNet . The experimental results show that the proposed method leads to higher recognition accuracy in image classification and the additional computational cost is relatively small compared to the baseline CNN model .,The proposed method was verified on five datasets with the task of image classification FOOD 101 CIFAR10 100 DTD Brodatz and ImageNet . The experimental results show that the proposed method leads to higher recognition accuracy in image classification and the additional computational cost is relatively small compared to the baseline CNN model . This paper proposes a sparse representation layer in the feature extraction stage of a convolutional neural network .296295,To avoid the curse of dimensionality resulting from a large number of features the most relevant features should be selected . Several scores involving must link and can not link constraints have been proposed to estimate the relevance of features . However these constraint scores evaluate features one by one and ignore any correlation between them . In addition they compute distance in the high dimensional original feature space to evaluate similarity between samples . So they would be corrupted by the curse of dimensionality . To deal with these drawbacks we propose a new constraint score based on a similarity matrix that is computed in the selected feature subspace and that makes it possible to evaluate the relevance of a feature subset at once . Experiments on benchmark databases demonstrate the improvement brought by the proposed constraint score in the context of both supervised and semi supervised learnings .,Experiments on benchmark databases demonstrate the improvement brought by the proposed constraint score in the context of both supervised and semi supervised learnings . Several scores involving must link and can not link constraints have been proposed to estimate the relevance of features . To deal with these drawbacks we propose a new constraint score based on a similarity matrix that is computed in the selected feature subspace and that makes it possible to evaluate the relevance of a feature subset at once .297296,The large scale utilization of wind energy brings severe challenges to the dispatching operation of power systems . Currently the probability density prediction method combining quantile regression neural network with Epanechnikov kernel function is an excellent algorithm for wind power prediction which can give the comprehensive probability distribution of future wind power and effectively quantify the uncertainty of wind power generation . However existing probability density prediction methods process data sequentially in different quantiles and computational time costs multiply with the increase of training data . It affects the practicality of the probability density prediction method . To overcome this issue this paper proposes a multi core parallel quantile regression neural network based on parallel masterslave model . The algorithm divides the complex prediction tasks at all quantiles into multiple parallel sub tasks which are independently run on different cores so that performance advantages of the multi core CPU can be fully utilized for improving the computational efficiency of the joint operation model . We compare four different scale sample sets under different process numbers . The influence of different CPU core numbers on the parallel performance of MPQRNN are analyzed by the algorithmic nature of speedup and parallel efficiency . To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model comparative experiments of other four traditional models are carried out on data sets . The simulation results demonstrate that the MPQRNN can not only improve the training efficiency of QRNN but also obtain precise results of wind power forecasting showing potential value and utility for complex power system .,To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model comparative experiments of other four traditional models are carried out on data sets . To overcome this issue this paper proposes a multi core parallel quantile regression neural network based on parallel masterslave model . It affects the practicality of the probability density prediction method .298297,Knowledge and emotion play important roles in the process of crowd evacuation . Knowledge determines the moving direction of an individual and emotion determines the moving speed of an individual . However the existing works lack consideration of knowledge and emotion at the same time which results in unreasonable simulation of crowd evacuation . To solve this problem we propose a knowledge and emotion dual driven method for crowd evacuation simulation . First the knowledge representation and knowledge transmission are modeled to quantify the knowledge of evacuees . In this step the knowledge representation is modeled by differentiating the hazard source knowledge and the scenario knowledge and the factors affecting knowledge transmission are combined with the susceptible infected model to simulate the process of knowledge transmission . Second the emotion model is constructed to quantify the individual emotion in the evacuation process . In this paper the quantification of emotion takes into account two factors the influence of individual knowledge on emotion is quantified by using Siminovs psychology model the influence of emotional contagion among individuals is also considered . Then quantitative individual knowledge and emotion are combined with the reciprocal velocity obstacles model to build the knowledge and emotion dual driven crowd evacuation model . Finally we implement a 3D crowd simulation system based on the knowledge and emotion dual driven model to visualize the results of our theoretical analysis . The experimental results show that the proposed method can more realistically simulate crowd evacuation in an emergency situation .,Finally we implement a 3D crowd simulation system based on the knowledge and emotion dual driven model to visualize the results of our theoretical analysis . The experimental results show that the proposed method can more realistically simulate crowd evacuation in an emergency situation . In this paper the quantification of emotion takes into account two factors the influence of individual knowledge on emotion is quantified by using Siminovs psychology model the influence of emotional contagion among individuals is also considered .299298,The high cost of labeling data for analysis increased the interest in semi supervised learning especially constrained clustering which usually involves reduced cost . At the same time Active Learning aims to minimize the cost of creating labeled datasets by trying to identify which unlabeled data are more relevant for using during the learning process considering which labels are already available . This paper proposes four AL strategies to an evolutionary constrained clustering algorithm based on Gaussian Mixture Models with corresponding theoretical asymptotic analyses . These strategies use information from many different sources such as the partition the population and even specific aspects of the algorithm . We perform empirical evaluation on 14 well known datasets as a way to measure the impacts of each strategy both in relation to accuracy and labeling cost . The results were compared with baseline supervised algorithms as well as COBRAS a state of the art Active Learning algorithm for constrained clustering . Three of the proposed strategies obtained significantly better results than COBRAS in our empirical evaluation . Thus the combination of FIECE EM with these strategies can be considered viable alternatives for AL in a constrained clustering setting .,Three of the proposed strategies obtained significantly better results than COBRAS in our empirical evaluation . This paper proposes four AL strategies to an evolutionary constrained clustering algorithm based on Gaussian Mixture Models with corresponding theoretical asymptotic analyses . We perform empirical evaluation on 14 well known datasets as a way to measure the impacts of each strategy both in relation to accuracy and labeling cost .300299,In this work deep learning based diagnostic procedure is developed for the identification of engine defects of 2 wheeler vehicle . The process starts with acquisition of vibration data . Second time domain signals are converted into angular domain . Third random distribution of angular domain signals is done to have training and test data . Further processing of training and test data is carried out using wavelet synchro squeezed transform to form timefrequency images . Then cost function of convolution neural network is modified by introducing a new entropy based regularization function in the existing cost function which can meaningfully reduce the activation in the hidden layer of CNN so as to make the learning really deep . Thereafter training of improved CNN is carried out using WSST images of training samples . In the next step WSST images of test data are applied to tuned CNN for the identification of defects . A comparison of proposed method has been carried by existing deep learning solutions and the method proposed in the state of artwork . The comparison shows that the proposed method is at least 3.8 more superior in terms of accuracy than the existing defect diagnosis methods while diagnosing defects of internal combustion engine of 2 wheeler vehicle .,The comparison shows that the proposed method is at least 3.8 more superior in terms of accuracy than the existing defect diagnosis methods while diagnosing defects of internal combustion engine of 2 wheeler vehicle . A comparison of proposed method has been carried by existing deep learning solutions and the method proposed in the state of artwork . In this work deep learning based diagnostic procedure is developed for the identification of engine defects of 2 wheeler vehicle .301300,The decisions of asset selection and allocation lie at the heart of financial portfolio management . For these challenging tasks the mathematical programming model of the meanvariance optimization problem proposes to use the concept of diversification . The novel methodology in this article is a representation of the accumulated knowledge of this model from the modern portfolio theory . It is a practical application for portfolio managers to help synthesize the available historical data and to infer rational decisions . The state of the art backtesting methodology integrates the unsupervised machine learning method of clustering analysis into the meanvariance portfolio optimization model . The test results from the proposed novel methodology show that clustering with Euclidean distance measures outperform the results of the benchmark and other specified clustering methods for different datasets backtesting periods and temporal scales of major stock indices .,The state of the art backtesting methodology integrates the unsupervised machine learning method of clustering analysis into the meanvariance portfolio optimization model . For these challenging tasks the mathematical programming model of the meanvariance optimization problem proposes to use the concept of diversification . The novel methodology in this article is a representation of the accumulated knowledge of this model from the modern portfolio theory .302301,High utility itemsets are sets of items that have a high utility in a transaction database . Discovering high utility itemsets has many important applications in real life such as market basket analysis . Nonetheless mining these patterns is a time consuming process due to the huge search space and the high cost of utility computation . Most of previous work is devoted to search space pruning but pay little attention to utility computation . Factually not only search space pruning but also high utility itemset identification have to resort to the computation of various utilities . This paper proposes a novel algorithm named REX which extends the classic d,This paper proposes a novel algorithm named REX which extends the classic d Nonetheless mining these patterns is a time consuming process due to the huge search space and the high cost of utility computation . Factually not only search space pruning but also high utility itemset identification have to resort to the computation of various utilities .303302,In Deep Learning training a model properly with a high quantity and quality of data is crucial in order to achieve a good performance . In some tasks however the necessary data is not available at a particular moment and only becomes available over time . In which case incremental learning is used to train the model correctly . An open problem remains however in the form of the stabilityplasticity dilemma how to incrementally train a model that is able to respond well to new data while also retaining previous knowledge . In this paper an incremental learning model inspired in Rehearsal named CRIF is proposed and two instances for the framework are employed one using a random based selection of representative samples the other using Crowding Distance and Best vs. Second Best metrics in conjunction for this task . The experiments were performed on five datasets MNIST Fashion MNIST CIFAR 10 Caltech 101 and Tiny ImageNet in two different incremental scenarios a strictly class incremental scenario and a pseudo class incremental scenario with unbalanced data . In Caltech 101 Transfer Learning was used and in this scenario as well as in the other three datasets the proposed method NIL achieved better results in most of the quality metrics than comparison algorithms such as RMSProp Inc and iCaRL and outperformed the other proposed method RILBC . NIL also requires less time to achieve these results .,In Caltech 101 Transfer Learning was used and in this scenario as well as in the other three datasets the proposed method NIL achieved better results in most of the quality metrics than comparison algorithms such as RMSProp Inc and iCaRL and outperformed the other proposed method RILBC . In this paper an incremental learning model inspired in Rehearsal named CRIF is proposed and two instances for the framework are employed one using a random based selection of representative samples the other using Crowding Distance and Best vs. Second Best metrics in conjunction for this task . In Deep Learning training a model properly with a high quantity and quality of data is crucial in order to achieve a good performance .304303,Credit risk assessment is usually regarded as an imbalanced classification task solved by static ensemble classifiers . However the dynamic ensemble selection strategy that can select different ensemble classifiers for each query sample is rarely used . Deficiency of the existing DES algorithm in dealing with imbalanced data is the major challenge . In this paper a novel combined DES model is developed for imbalanced learning problems . To handle the imbalanced data sets the synthetic minority over sampling technique is initially used to balance a training set before generating a candidate classifier pool then the weighting mechanism of DES MI is used to highlight the importance of minority instances when evaluating classifier competences . To further ensure the comprehensive evaluation and right selection of the ensemble classifier the meta learning framework of META DES is used to account for multiple criteria and the two step selection strategy of DES KNN is employed to perform a trade off between the competence and diversity of the classifiers . Our experiments on 15 imbalanced data sets from the KEEL repository show that the proposed model improves the performance of seven known and popular DES algorithms in terms of the area under the curve . Moreover the type I error rate of the proposed method is lower than that of XGBoost and LightGBM in a real P2P loan data set indicating the efficiency of the proposed method for credit risk assessment .,Moreover the type I error rate of the proposed method is lower than that of XGBoost and LightGBM in a real P2P loan data set indicating the efficiency of the proposed method for credit risk assessment . In this paper a novel combined DES model is developed for imbalanced learning problems . Our experiments on 15 imbalanced data sets from the KEEL repository show that the proposed model improves the performance of seven known and popular DES algorithms in terms of the area under the curve .305304,Combined heat and power economic dispatch is an important optimization task in the economic operation of power systems . The interdependence of heat and power outputs of cogeneration units and valve point effects of thermal units impose non convexity nonlinearity and complication in the dispatch modeling and optimization . In this paper a novel PSO algorithm called biogeography based learning particle swarm optimization is applied to solve the CHPED problem considering various constraints including power output balance heat production balance feasible operation area of cogeneration unit and prohibited operation zones . In BLPSO based on a biogeography based learning model each particle uses a migration operator to update itself based on the personal best position of all particles . This updating strategy helps BLPSO overcome premature convergence and improve solution accuracy . Moreover a repair technique is employed to handle the system constraints and guide the solutions toward feasible zones . The effectiveness of the proposed method is evaluated by testing on four CHPED problems containing 5 7 24 and 48 units . The experimental results show that BLPSO outperforms the state of the art methods in terms of solution accuracy and stability . Therefore BLPSO can be regarded as a promising alternative for the CHPED problem .,The effectiveness of the proposed method is evaluated by testing on four CHPED problems containing 5 7 24 and 48 units . The experimental results show that BLPSO outperforms the state of the art methods in terms of solution accuracy and stability . In BLPSO based on a biogeography based learning model each particle uses a migration operator to update itself based on the personal best position of all particles .306305,During a practical detection process insufficient defect data unbalanced defect types and the high cost of defect labeling can present problems . Therefore it often takes considerable time and labor to collect actual samples to improve the accuracy of defect classification and recognition . In this paper we propose a weak supervision machine vision detection method based on artificial defect simulation . First four typical mobile phone screen defects scratches floaters light stains and severe stains are simulated by the proposed synthesis algorithms and an artificial defect database is created . Next the artificial dataset is applied to a deep learning recognition algorithm and an initial model is trained . Then the collected actual defects are augmented due to the insufficient training quantity . The augmented actual defects are then applied as the training data and the initial model is retrained by fine tuning . Finally the well retrained model is used for defect recognition . The experimental results demonstrate that satisfactory performance is achieved with the proposed detection method .,The experimental results demonstrate that satisfactory performance is achieved with the proposed detection method . In this paper we propose a weak supervision machine vision detection method based on artificial defect simulation . Next the artificial dataset is applied to a deep learning recognition algorithm and an initial model is trained .307306,The purpose of multiple kernel learning is to learn an appropriate kernel from a set of predefined base kernels . Most of the MKL methods follow the basic idea of support vector machine to learn the optimal weights of base kernels and build the used classifier . However SVM is a local method and ignores the structure information of the data in that its solution is exclusively determined by the so called support vectors . In the paper we propose an improved SVM based MKL method called minimum class variance multiple kernel learning . The key characteristic of MCVMKL is that it exploits the ellipsoidal structure of the data during learning the optimal weights and building the classifier . Besides its formulation is invariant to scalings of the weights of base kernels . We develop two optimization strategies to handle the optimization model of MCVMKL . Further we derive a rough upper bound for the objective function of MCVMKL and propose a variant called trace constrained multiple kernel learning by using the trace of the within class scatter matrix . TCMKL enlarges the margin between different classes and simultaneously shrinks the region covering the data as much as possible . Moreover it can automatically tune the regularization parameter and so saves the training time due to avoiding using the time consuming cross validation technique to select an appropriate regularization parameter . Finally the comprehensive experiments are conducted and the results demonstrate that the proposed methods are effective and can achieve better performance over the competing methods .,In the paper we propose an improved SVM based MKL method called minimum class variance multiple kernel learning . Finally the comprehensive experiments are conducted and the results demonstrate that the proposed methods are effective and can achieve better performance over the competing methods . We develop two optimization strategies to handle the optimization model of MCVMKL .308307,As a digital representation of building projects Building Information Modeling can accumulate large volumes of log data containing hidden knowledge for deep exploration . However such ever increasing logs are likely to suffer from high complexity inaccuracy and uncertainty which will inevitably raise challenges in uncovering latent and meaningful patterns . In order to yield satisfactory clustering quality and efficiency for better design process management a novel clustering based BIM event log mining approach is put forward in this paper . For one thing a hybrid clustering algorithm named adaptive efficient fuzzy Kohonen clustering network is developed with a modified learning rate to accelerate the convergence . For another a new clustering validity index only relying on boundary points is designed to reduce computational complexity . An experiment is conducted in a 4 GB realistic BIM design event log dataset to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method . It begins from extracting a set of features associated with designers engagement and efficiency and ends up retrieving inherent insights into the persons design behavioral patterns . Moreover the cluster analysis can significantly distinguish the design productivity at different time periods into the high medium and low level which presents a unique opportunity in understanding and assessing design productivity objectively . Practically our method can support data driven decision making for managers to strategically schedule personalized work for different designers aiming to boost design efficiency and smooth the design process .,An experiment is conducted in a 4 GB realistic BIM design event log dataset to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method . In order to yield satisfactory clustering quality and efficiency for better design process management a novel clustering based BIM event log mining approach is put forward in this paper . For one thing a hybrid clustering algorithm named adaptive efficient fuzzy Kohonen clustering network is developed with a modified learning rate to accelerate the convergence .309308,Online crowdsourcing methods have proved useful for studies of diverse designs in the behavioral and addiction sciences . The remote and online setting of crowdsourcing research may provide easier access to unique participant populations and improved comfort for these participants in sharing sensitive health or behavioral information . To date few studies have evaluated the use of qualitative research methods on crowdsourcing platforms and even fewer have evaluated the quality of data gathered . The purpose of the present analysis was to document the feasibility and validity of using crowdsourcing techniques for collecting qualitative data among people who use drugs . Participants Qualitative data recruitment was feasible as evidenced by the rapid sampling of a relatively large number of participants from diverse geographic regions . Computerized text analysis indicated high ratings of authenticity for the provided narratives . These authenticity percentiles were higher than the average of general normative writing samples as well as than those collected in experimental settings . These findings support the feasibility and quality of qualitative data collected in online settings broadly and crowdsourced settings specifically . Future work among people who use drugs may leverage crowdsourcing methods and the access to hard to sample populations to complement existing studies in the human laboratory and clinic as well as those using other digital technology methods .,The purpose of the present analysis was to document the feasibility and validity of using crowdsourcing techniques for collecting qualitative data among people who use drugs . Computerized text analysis indicated high ratings of authenticity for the provided narratives . To date few studies have evaluated the use of qualitative research methods on crowdsourcing platforms and even fewer have evaluated the quality of data gathered .310309,Despite several sources corroborating an expanding market and increased visibility and greater diversity in users profiles very little is known about the number of crack cocaine users in France . The estimates rely on a single data source capturerecapture method . Annual data are extracted from treatment centres nationwide . To account for heterogeneity we use an innovative zero truncated geometric regression based estimator controlling for individual and centre characteristics . We use the well known Zelterman estimator as a benchmark . The number of crack cocaine users received in treatment centres increased dramatically from 3388 in 2010 to 5143 in 2017 . The estimated number of crack cocaine users is believed to have tripled over the course of the same period to 28983 respectively with prevalences below 1 similar to other European countries . The coverage rate decreased in a similar fashion indicating lower utilization . In particular females and younger users are underestimated by data from treatment centres . The prevalence of crack cocaine use is fairly low but steadily increasing . The diversity in users profiles is a challenge to prevention and public health policies that should expand their scope to a more inclusive perspective of what defines crack cocaine users . Our method overcomes several methodological issues and can be easily applied to a wide range of settings .,The estimates rely on a single data source capturerecapture method . The prevalence of crack cocaine use is fairly low but steadily increasing . Our method overcomes several methodological issues and can be easily applied to a wide range of settings .311310,Alcohol labels are one strategy for raising consumer awareness about the negative consequences of alcohol but evidence to inform labels is limited . This quasi experimental study sought to test the real world impact of strengthening health messages on alcohol container labels on consumer attention message processing and self reported drinking . Alcohol labels with a cancer warning national drinking guidelines and standard drink information were implemented in the intervention site and usual labelling practices continued in the comparison site . Changes in key indicators of label effectiveness were assessed among a cohort of adult drinkers in both the intervention and comparison sites using three waves of surveys conducted before and at two time points after the alcohol label intervention . Generalized Estimating Equations with difference in difference terms were used to examine the impact of the label intervention on changes in outcomes . Strengthening health messages on alcohol container labels significantly increased consumer attention to 17.2 95 CI 8.2 36.2 and processing of labels and consumer reports of drinking less due to the labels . Strengthening health messages on alcohol containers can achieve their goal of attracting attention deepening engagement and enhancing motivation to reduce alcohol use . Strengthening alcohol labelling policies should be a priority for alcohol control globally .,Generalized Estimating Equations with difference in difference terms were used to examine the impact of the label intervention on changes in outcomes . Changes in key indicators of label effectiveness were assessed among a cohort of adult drinkers in both the intervention and comparison sites using three waves of surveys conducted before and at two time points after the alcohol label intervention . This quasi experimental study sought to test the real world impact of strengthening health messages on alcohol container labels on consumer attention message processing and self reported drinking .312311,Australia bans the sale possession and use of liquid nicotine for vaping . One of the major arguments used to justify Australia s policy is that the availability of nicotine vaping products will lead a substantial number of young people who would otherwise not have smoked cigarettes to take up regular smoking . In this article we provide a critical analysis of the use of the gateway theory to justify Australian policy . We argue first that the evidence that vaping serves as a gateway to smoking is unconvincing . Smoking more often precedes vaping than vice versa regular vaping by never smokers is rare and the association is more plausibly explained by a common liability model . Second we argue that even if the evidence were stronger it would not justify a ban on the sale of nicotine to adult smokers because there are other ways of preventing adolescent vaping that do not require a ban . We describe an alternative regulatory model for Australia that would address legitimate concerns about preventing adolescent uptake while allowing adult smokers to access these products for cessation or as an alternative to smoking cigarettes .,In this article we provide a critical analysis of the use of the gateway theory to justify Australian policy . Australia bans the sale possession and use of liquid nicotine for vaping . Second we argue that even if the evidence were stronger it would not justify a ban on the sale of nicotine to adult smokers because there are other ways of preventing adolescent vaping that do not require a ban .313312,Drug overdose is a significant public health problem yet little is known about racial ethnic differences in drug overdose rates and or in responses to a drug overdose following naloxone administration . This paper examines differences in rates of survivorship response revival and administration of naloxone by race and ethnicity among those who experienced a drug overdose in Pennsylvania between January 1 2018 and December 31 2019 . Spatio temporal variations in drug overdose locations were examined to facilitate understanding of service development planning and delivery of effective treatment need . Ten thousand two hundred and ninety drug overdose incidents were analyzed from the Pennsylvania Overdose Information Network . The ODIN is a centralized repository that contains information on drug overdoses victims including age gender and race ethnicity naloxone administrations and survivorship drug suspected of causing the overdose victim outcomes and average naloxone dosage per victim . Between group differences were tested using 2 tests of independence . Multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate the predicted probability of survivorship according to victim characteristics . All statistical analyses and mapping were performed using the R statistical programming environment . About eighty seven percent of drug overdose response victims were white and seventy one percent were between the ages of 2039 . White females were more likely to receive an overdose response compared to black or Hispanic females . A non opioid was indicated more frequently in overdoses involving black victims compared to either whites or Latinos . Latinos and blacks were more likely to survive a drug overdose . However following naloxone administration no racial or ethnic differences in survivorship were noted . Differences in responsiveness to naloxone and transitions to care following the drug overdose event were also found . Finally overdoses among Blacks and Latinos demonstrated a stronger spatial patterning across counties compared to whites . This study found a significant disparate impact of race ethnicity on fatal drug overdoses when naloxone is not administered . Further individuals who were administered naloxone and subsequently received medical care in a hospital experienced lower drug related mortality suggesting that first responders are critical intervention points for individuals in need of medical treatment following a drug overdose . However while naloxone administration is a necessary first step in the recovery process longitudinal pathways towards treatment are critical to stem the drug overdose crisis .,This paper examines differences in rates of survivorship response revival and administration of naloxone by race and ethnicity among those who experienced a drug overdose in Pennsylvania between January 1 2018 and December 31 2019 . Multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate the predicted probability of survivorship according to victim characteristics . Differences in responsiveness to naloxone and transitions to care following the drug overdose event were also found .314313,Housing is a critical determinant of HIV related outcomes among people living with HIV who use drugs including on HIV treatment adherence . Research shows that sense of home may have important implications for mitigating harms associated with low income housing environments among PLHIV who use drugs but how this shapes treatment is poorly understood . Semi structured interviews were conducted with 31 PLHIV who use drugs recruited from an ongoing prospective cohort in Vancouver Canada . Recruitment was targeted towards individuals living in single room occupancy housing who had previously reported low treatment adherence . Interviews were co led with a peer research assistant and focused on housing conditions drug use patterns and HIV management . Interviews were transcribed analyzed thematically and interpreted by drawing on concepts of home and place making . The ability to exert control over housing environments contributed to participants perceptions of home by fostering feelings of safety and allowing for creation of personalized space . Participants readily identified the importance of housing stability and quality in maintaining health including HIV care . However informed by social structural mechanisms that undermined agency negative experiences of home adversely impacted treatment adherence . Findings indicate that sense of home may enable ability to manage HIV care and is promoted through feelings of security within and control over housing environments . Supports in navigating competitive housing markets are needed to address the role that home plays in HIV treatment adherence .,Supports in navigating competitive housing markets are needed to address the role that home plays in HIV treatment adherence . Interviews were transcribed analyzed thematically and interpreted by drawing on concepts of home and place making . Participants readily identified the importance of housing stability and quality in maintaining health including HIV care .315314,Catalonia requires decentralized and simplified strategies for the diagnosis of viremic HCV infection among people who inject drugs . We aimed to perform a direct comparison of the diagnostic performance between two single step strategies for the screening and diagnosis of viremic HCV infection in PWID attending a drug consumption room in Barcelona i on site HCV RNA testing using the point of care test Xpert HCV VL Fingerstick and ii on site dried blood spots collection for HCV RNA testing at the laboratory . Additionally we aimed to assess participants preferences in receiving HCV RNA testing results and feasibility of same day delivery of PoCT results . The real world clinical performance of these two strategies was established in comparison with the reference method . HCV genotypes subtypes and HIV status were also determined by sequencing and serology respectively . A questionnaire including preferences regarding the delivery of test results was administered . The prevalence of HCV RNA was 63.0 . The RNA PoCT showed a sensitivity of 98.4 for detectable viral loads and of 100 for quantifiable viral loads . For the DBS based assay a sensitivity of 93.7 was obtained for detectable viral loads 96.7 for the quantifiable 10 IU mL threshold and 98.3 for both the quantifiable 1000 and 3000 IU mL thresholds . No significant differences were detected between the sensitivity values of these two strategies and the specificity was 100 in both cases . Half of the participants preferred to receive the HCV RNA result on the same day and 80 of participants received their RNA PoCT results on the same day . Both the HCV RNA PoCT and the DBS based assay are highly reliable tools for the simplified diagnosis of viremic HCV infection among current PWID . These strategies allow for on site sample collection and delivery of test results facilitating decentralized care in harm reduction services .,The real world clinical performance of these two strategies was established in comparison with the reference method . No significant differences were detected between the sensitivity values of these two strategies and the specificity was 100 in both cases . We aimed to perform a direct comparison of the diagnostic performance between two single step strategies for the screening and diagnosis of viremic HCV infection in PWID attending a drug consumption room in Barcelona i on site HCV RNA testing using the point of care test Xpert HCV VL Fingerstick and ii on site dried blood spots collection for HCV RNA testing at the laboratory .316315,People who inject drugs have high rates of hepatitis C and yet many remain undiagnosed and untreated . HCV treatment guidelines and elimination strategies recommend task shifting to expand where and by whom HCV testing and care is delivered . A randomized controlled trial design was used to evaluate if point of care HCV antibody testing by peer outreach workers outside of health and social service spaces would improve engagement in HCV care . People with a lifetime history of injection drug use without prior knowledge of HCV antibody status were randomized to receive HCV outreach plus either POC or referral to community based HCV program for testing as usual . The study was co designed by people with lived experience of HCV . 920 people were approached to participate over 14 weeks . After refusals withdrawals and removal of duplicates there were 380 study participants . Outreach took place primarily in public spaces such as parks coffee shops and apartment lobbies . Participants reported very high rates of poverty housing instability and recent injection drug use . Despite being at high risk for HCV 61 had no history or knowledge of past HCV testing Peer outreach workers were able to efficiently reach a marginalized group of individuals who had a high HCV antibody prevalence and low rates of prior HCV testing . This improved participants knowledge of their HCV antibody status but that knowledge in itself did not lead to any change in participant s subsequent engagement in HCV care . Future work is required to evaluate strategies such as incentives or peer navigators to improve linkage to HCV care after diagnosis .,The study was co designed by people with lived experience of HCV . A randomized controlled trial design was used to evaluate if point of care HCV antibody testing by peer outreach workers outside of health and social service spaces would improve engagement in HCV care . After refusals withdrawals and removal of duplicates there were 380 study participants .317316,Drug checking services aim to provide people who use drugs with information on the content and purity of their substances as a harm reduction intervention . The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between injecting alone and use of drug checking services in Vancouver Canada . Data were derived from three prospective cohort studies of people who inject drugs . We conducted bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis to estimate the effect of injecting alone on use of drug checking services . Between May 2018 and December 2018 a total of 793 people who inject drugs were included in the study 579 reported injecting alone and 177 reported use of drug checking services . In a multivariable model adjusted for various confounders injecting alone was negatively associated with use of drug checking services . We observed a negative association between injecting drugs alone and use of drug checking services which may be due in part to a number of exogenous factors that prevent people who inject alone from accessing drug checking services . As these individuals are at heightened risk of experiencing overdoses there is a need to pursue other strategies to reach this group of people who use drugs .,We conducted bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis to estimate the effect of injecting alone on use of drug checking services . The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between injecting alone and use of drug checking services in Vancouver Canada . In a multivariable model adjusted for various confounders injecting alone was negatively associated with use of drug checking services .318317,This paper presents an assessment of the current emergency response to homeless people who use substances in Montreal a major North American city . This project addresses the rising concern about homelessness in high income countries . Several studies have shown that homeless people frequently use emergency services especially in the context of substance use . Yet the key actors perspectives are poorly documented .,This paper presents an assessment of the current emergency response to homeless people who use substances in Montreal a major North American city . This project addresses the rising concern about homelessness in high income countries . Yet the key actors perspectives are poorly documented .319318,The Australian medicines regulator the Therapeutic Goods Administration rescheduled all codeine containing medicines to be available only on prescription on 1 February 2018 . This study was conducted to determine whether use of analgesics changed following codeine re scheduling to prescription only status and whether there was a change in the use of codeine preparations and a therapeutic shift to stronger opioids or other analgesics in the Australian veteran population following the change . Interrupted time series analysis using Repatriation Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme claims data from the Australian Government Department of Veterans Affairs for clients with dispensing of opioid and non opioid analgesics between January 2015 and April 2019 . Trends in the monthly rate of analgesic dispensings were compared for the period between January 2015 and January 2018 with the period February 2018 to April 2019 . Paracetamol with codeine 8mg was the only analgesic with an increased rate of dispensing following the February 2018 codeine scheduling changes . Prior to codeine re scheduling the rate of dispensing of paracetamol with codeine 8mg was decreasing by 0.9 each month . Immediately after the scheduling changes dispensing of paracetamol with codeine 8mg increased by 45 and in the fifteen month period thereafter the rate of dispensing increased by 4 each month . Therapeutic shift from over the counter codeine products to other opioids was not observed with no increase in the rate of dispensing of any of the other opioid analgesics following the codeine scheduling changes . A significant increase in prescription use of paracetamol with codeine 8mg was observed after the February 2018 codeine re scheduling . Therapeutic shift to stronger opioid analgesics was not observed in the study population .,A significant increase in prescription use of paracetamol with codeine 8mg was observed after the February 2018 codeine re scheduling . Paracetamol with codeine 8mg was the only analgesic with an increased rate of dispensing following the February 2018 codeine scheduling changes . Prior to codeine re scheduling the rate of dispensing of paracetamol with codeine 8mg was decreasing by 0.9 each month .320319,Background Policies aimed at addressing the high rates of opioid overdose have prioritized increasing access to medications for treatment of opioid use disorder . Numerous barriers exist to providing MOUD within the criminal justice system and or to justice involved populations . The aim of this study was to conduct a scoping review of the peer reviewed literature on implementation of MOUD within criminal justice settings and with justice involved populations .,The aim of this study was to conduct a scoping review of the peer reviewed literature on implementation of MOUD within criminal justice settings and with justice involved populations . Numerous barriers exist to providing MOUD within the criminal justice system and or to justice involved populations . Background Policies aimed at addressing the high rates of opioid overdose have prioritized increasing access to medications for treatment of opioid use disorder .321320,We see the contours of a cigarette free adolescent cohort in Norway . Simultaneously increasing use of vaping devices among adolescents internationally and in the US in particular has evoked fear of a new nicotine addicted generation . This longitudinal study explores the vaping phenomenon in a context where nicotine e liquid is still prohibited . Data are from longitudinal qualitative interviews with a sizable sample of 12 17 year olds 118 8 Gradual and collective shifts in vaping practices and in the symbolic meaning of vaping were observed in three phases . First in 8 E cigarettes were devalued from novelty and transgression to childish and uninteresting within the same sample over a four year period . In conclusion e cigarettes in the sample represented fashionable experimentation rather than steady user patterns .,We see the contours of a cigarette free adolescent cohort in Norway . In conclusion e cigarettes in the sample represented fashionable experimentation rather than steady user patterns . Simultaneously increasing use of vaping devices among adolescents internationally and in the US in particular has evoked fear of a new nicotine addicted generation .322321,Online sampling is widely used to recruit hard to reach samples such as drug users at nightlife events . We conducted the first study comparing differences in demographics drug use and nightlife behaviour between an online sample of young adults engaging with the European nightlife scene and an offline sample recruited at nightclubs and festivals in Europe . Online participants who attended at least six nightlife events in the past 12 months were recruited using social media advertising . Offline participants were recruited at nightclubs and festivals using a random intercept method . Samples were compared with respect to age gender past year use of alcohol cannabis cocaine ecstasy MDMA and amphetamines and past year attendance at nightclubs licensed festivals illegal festivals pubs and house parties . 6153 online and 3529 offline participants were recruited . When adjusting for differences in age and gender online participants were less likely to have used each drug and to have attended illegal festivals pubs and house parties in the past 12 months . The online sample also used each drug and attended each venue with the exception of nightclubs less frequently on average than offline participants . Adjusted odds ratios and regression coefficients indicate that the majority of observed differences between the samples were of a small effect size . Estimates of drug use and nightlife engagement are more conservative when using online sampling compared to venue based sampling . Observed differences were generally small in effect indicating good overall representativeness when using online sampling in the European nightlife scene .,Adjusted odds ratios and regression coefficients indicate that the majority of observed differences between the samples were of a small effect size . We conducted the first study comparing differences in demographics drug use and nightlife behaviour between an online sample of young adults engaging with the European nightlife scene and an offline sample recruited at nightclubs and festivals in Europe . The online sample also used each drug and attended each venue with the exception of nightclubs less frequently on average than offline participants .323322,This study examined the effects of the iPlayClean anti doping intervention on attitudes towards doping and susceptibility and whether delivery mode affected the results .,This study examined the effects of the iPlayClean anti doping intervention on attitudes towards doping and susceptibility and whether delivery mode affected the results .324323,In 2017 there were large increases in overdose deaths among women in the United States across age groups . In addition U.S. women who inject drugs are at increased risk for substance use related disease transmission bacterial infections as well as sexual and physical violence compared to men who inject drugs . Relatedly women face unique access barriers to substance use related services such as stigma and low coverage of gender specific drug use related services . Despite these heightened risks experienced by WWID interventions specifically tailored to preventing women from transitioning into injection drug use have not been developed to date . As such we advocate for the development of gender responsive programs to prevent injection drug use initiation . This is critical to ensuring a comprehensive approach to preventing injection drug use initiation among those populations at highest risk of injection related morbidity and mortality .,As such we advocate for the development of gender responsive programs to prevent injection drug use initiation . This is critical to ensuring a comprehensive approach to preventing injection drug use initiation among those populations at highest risk of injection related morbidity and mortality . In 2017 there were large increases in overdose deaths among women in the United States across age groups .325324,Previous research found inconsistent associations between alcohol control policies and socioeconomic inequality with adolescent drinking outcomes . This study expands the focus beyond individual associations to examine whether a combination of policies is related to socioeconomic inequality in adolescent drinking outcomes and whether this relationship varies across survey years .,This study expands the focus beyond individual associations to examine whether a combination of policies is related to socioeconomic inequality in adolescent drinking outcomes and whether this relationship varies across survey years . Previous research found inconsistent associations between alcohol control policies and socioeconomic inequality with adolescent drinking outcomes .326325,Factors and policies which potentially explain the changes in alcohol consumption and related harms from 2010 to 2017 in 11 middle income countries in the South East Asian region were examined .,Factors and policies which potentially explain the changes in alcohol consumption and related harms from 2010 to 2017 in 11 middle income countries in the South East Asian region were examined .327326,In some U.S. states laws prohibit sales of recreational marijuana to intoxicated customers to prevent associated harms . In alcohol markets training in responsible sales practices is one intervention to help reduce such sales to intoxicated customers . Similar training may be beneficial in the recreational cannabis market . An online responsible marijuana vendor training was developed . Among its five modules learning elements taught store personnel to recognize signs of alcohol impairment and intoxication refuse sales and understand the risks of driving under the influence of cannabis . A sample of Deterrence of sales to intoxicated customers does not seem to exist regardless of whether the states laws prohibit it . Only 16 of 146 stores refused sales . There was no difference in refusal rates between intervention and control stores Training in responsible sales practices alone did not appear to reduce sales to apparently alcohol intoxicated customers . Legal deterrence from making these sales may be insufficient or nonexistent for store management to support adherence to this responsible sales practice . Regulatory and policy actions may be needed to increase perceived risk with such sales to achieve training s benefits .,Among its five modules learning elements taught store personnel to recognize signs of alcohol impairment and intoxication refuse sales and understand the risks of driving under the influence of cannabis . Similar training may be beneficial in the recreational cannabis market . A sample of Deterrence of sales to intoxicated customers does not seem to exist regardless of whether the states laws prohibit it .328327,Medical marijuana laws can impact marijuana and opioid use but the relationship between MMLs and other drugs such as prescription stimulants remains unexamined . Because lesbian gay and bisexual individuals report higher levels of prescription stimulant use than heterosexuals we explored the relationship between MMLs and past year medical and non medical stimulant use by sexual identity and gender . We pooled 20152017 National Survey on Drug Use and Health data for adults and non medical stimulant use 6.6 versus 2.4 aROR 2.23 than heterosexual men . Bisexual women had higher non medical stimulant use than heterosexual women . Female and male heterosexuals in MML states had lower odds of medical stimulant use than in non MML states . Bisexual men in MML states had lower odds of medical and non medical stimulant use than bisexual men in non MML states . Similar patterns emerged for bisexual women s non medical use . Prescription stimulant use was higher in non MML states for most LGB subgroups . MMLs may differentially impact stimulant use primarily for bisexual men and women . States enacting MMLs should consider potential impacts on drugs other than marijuana especially among LGB populations .,Female and male heterosexuals in MML states had lower odds of medical stimulant use than in non MML states . Because lesbian gay and bisexual individuals report higher levels of prescription stimulant use than heterosexuals we explored the relationship between MMLs and past year medical and non medical stimulant use by sexual identity and gender . Bisexual men in MML states had lower odds of medical and non medical stimulant use than bisexual men in non MML states .329328,Although people who use drugs are a high risk group for tuberculosis there is practically no data on TB prevalence in Ivory Coast . The aim of the study was to estimate pulmonary TB prevalence and assess the cascade of care with confirmed pulmonary TB among PWUD in Abidjan .,The aim of the study was to estimate pulmonary TB prevalence and assess the cascade of care with confirmed pulmonary TB among PWUD in Abidjan . Although people who use drugs are a high risk group for tuberculosis there is practically no data on TB prevalence in Ivory Coast .330329,The United States and Canada are in the midst of an overdose epidemic fueled by illicitly manufactured fentanyl . While marked differences in vulnerability to drug related harm between men and women who use drugs is well characterized the extent to which gender differences manifest in the present overdose crisis remains understudied . We examined differences in self reported unintentional exposure to fentanyl between men and women who use drugs . Data were derived from three prospective cohorts of people who use drugs in Vancouver Canada . Survey data were extracted on individuals who self reported having used drugs known or believed to contain fentanyl in the past 30 days between December 2016 and November 2017 . We used multivariable logistic regression to examine the relationship between self identified gender and self reported unintentional exposure to fentanyl . As a sub analysis correlates of self reported unintentional exposure to fentanyl were identified using MLR stratified by gender . Of 578 eligible participants including 219 women 200 perceived their exposure to fentanyl as unintentional . In the MLR being a woman was positively associated with self reported unintentional fentanyl exposure . Among women at least daily heroin use was negatively associated with self reported unintentional fentanyl exposure while perceiving a high or moderate risk of overdosing on fentanyl was positively associated with outcome . Among men older age was positively associated with self reported unintentional fentanyl exposure while injection drug use and at least daily heroin use was negatively associated with the outcome all Women were more than two times as likely to self report they were unintentionally exposed to fentanyl compared to men . These findings highlight the urgent need to further understand experiences of gender based risk differences and develop gender focused interventions and policies aimed at preventing drug related harm .,We used multivariable logistic regression to examine the relationship between self identified gender and self reported unintentional exposure to fentanyl . In the MLR being a woman was positively associated with self reported unintentional fentanyl exposure . The United States and Canada are in the midst of an overdose epidemic fueled by illicitly manufactured fentanyl .331330,Injecting risk behaviour such as receptive sharing of injecting equipment and or re using one s equipment is associated with bloodborne virus transmission and infections in people who inject drugs . We aimed to estimate prevalence and correlates of injecting risk behaviours amongst PWID . We conducted a systematic review and meta analyses to estimate country regional and global prevalences of injecting risk behaviours . Using meta regression analyses we determined associations between study and country level characteristics and receptive needle syringe sharing . From 61 077 identified papers and reports and 61 studies from expert consutation evidence on injecting risk behaviours was available for 464 studies from 88 countries . Globally it is estimated that 17.9 of PWID engaged in receptive needle syringe sharing at last injection 23.9 in the past month and 32.8 in the past 612 months . Receptive sharing of other injecting equipment was common . Higher prevalence of receptive needle syringe sharing in the previous month was associated with samples of PWID with a lower proportion of females shorter average injecting duration a higher proportion with daily injecting and older studies . Countries with lower development index higher gender inequality and lower NSP coverage had higher proportions reporting receptive needle syringe sharing . High levels of injecting risk behaviours were observed amongst PWID globally although estimates were only available for half of the countries with evidence of injecting drug use . There is a need for better capturing of injecting risk behaviours in these countries to inform implementation of harm reduction services and evaluate potential impacts of interventions to reduce risk .,Globally it is estimated that 17.9 of PWID engaged in receptive needle syringe sharing at last injection 23.9 in the past month and 32.8 in the past 612 months . We aimed to estimate prevalence and correlates of injecting risk behaviours amongst PWID . Higher prevalence of receptive needle syringe sharing in the previous month was associated with samples of PWID with a lower proportion of females shorter average injecting duration a higher proportion with daily injecting and older studies .332331,People who drink alcohol often seek to manage their intake in order to maximise the pleasurable effects such as feelings of sociability and relaxation without reaching their tipping point where they feel out of control or unwell . This paper aimed to explore three stages of intoxication feeling the effects being as drunk as you would like to be and reaching the tipping point in a large international sample . The Global Drug Survey is an annual cross sectional online survey of drug use . This paper draws on data from 61 043 respondents from 21 countries who took part in GDS2015 collected in November 2014 to January 2015 . Respondents reported their usual type of drink how many drinks they would require to reach each stage of intoxication and how frequently they reached each stage . Alongside socio demographic measures they also completed the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test . Male respondents reported consuming 87.55 gm to be as drunk as they want to be and female respondents reported 70.16 gm on average . The tipping point was reached at 138.65 gm for male respondents and 106.54 gm for female respondents . Overall 20.3 reported reaching their tipping point at least once a month . Being male aged under 25 and at higher risk for alcohol use disorder was associated with reporting reaching the tipping point more frequently . The amount of alcohol being consumed to reach a desired point of intoxication is much higher than the maximum daily and sometimes weekly amount recommended by country guidelines . Encouraging people to avoid reaching their tipping point may be a useful intervention point alongside better communication of low risk drinking guidelines .,This paper aimed to explore three stages of intoxication feeling the effects being as drunk as you would like to be and reaching the tipping point in a large international sample . The amount of alcohol being consumed to reach a desired point of intoxication is much higher than the maximum daily and sometimes weekly amount recommended by country guidelines . Being male aged under 25 and at higher risk for alcohol use disorder was associated with reporting reaching the tipping point more frequently .333332,Illicit drug use is associated with severe health related harms yet people who use drugs face substantial barriers to healthcare . We sought to identify factors associated with disclosure of drug use to a healthcare provider and describe differences in self reported quality of care received based on disclosure status . A client reported experience questionnaire on healthcare access and quality adapted from the World Health Organization Survey on Health and Health System Responsiveness was administered within two ongoing prospective cohort studies of PWUD in Vancouver Canada . Respondents not currently receiving addiction treatment were asked about experience of care and drug use disclosure to their most commonly accessed outpatient healthcare provider in the past 6 months . We used an adjusted logistic regression model to identify client characteristics associated with disclosure . From a total of 261 respondents less than half In a sample of PWUD accessing outpatient healthcare services we observed low rates of drug use disclosure particularly for Indigenous respondents and reduced quality of care for those who disclosed . These findings highlight the need for culturally safe and non stigmatizing care to address pervasive stereotyping in the healthcare system and improved screening for substance use disorder in outpatient healthcare services .,We sought to identify factors associated with disclosure of drug use to a healthcare provider and describe differences in self reported quality of care received based on disclosure status . We used an adjusted logistic regression model to identify client characteristics associated with disclosure . These findings highlight the need for culturally safe and non stigmatizing care to address pervasive stereotyping in the healthcare system and improved screening for substance use disorder in outpatient healthcare services .334333,Georgia launched national HCV elimination program in 2015 . PWID may experience barriers to accessing HCV care . To improve linkage to care among PWID pilot program to integrate HCV treatment with HR services at opiate substitution therapy centers and needle syringe program sites was initiated . Our study aimed to assess satisfaction of patients with integrated HCV treatment services at HR centers . Survey was conducted among convenience sample of patients receiving HCV treatment at 5 integrated care sites and 4 specialized clinics not providing HR services . Simplified pre treatment diagnostic algorithm and treatment monitoring procedure was introduced for HCV treatment programs at OST NSP centers which includes fewer pre treatment and monitoring tests compared to standard algorithm . In total 358 patients participated in the survey 48.6 receiving HCV treatment at the specialized clinics while 51.4 at HR site with integrated treatment . Similar proportions of surveyed patients at HR sites and clinics stated that they did not face any barriers to enrollment in the elimination program . Most patients from HR pilot sites and specialized clinics stated that they received comprehensive information about the treatment 98.4 vs 94.3 Quality of services and perceived satisfaction of patients receiving treatment suggests that integration of HCV treatment with HR services is feasible .,Similar proportions of surveyed patients at HR sites and clinics stated that they did not face any barriers to enrollment in the elimination program . Survey was conducted among convenience sample of patients receiving HCV treatment at 5 integrated care sites and 4 specialized clinics not providing HR services . In total 358 patients participated in the survey 48.6 receiving HCV treatment at the specialized clinics while 51.4 at HR site with integrated treatment .335334,In Baltimore the emergence of fentanyl and its analogues exacerbated an existing heroin crisis and increased uncertainty about drug composition and potency . In an effort to reduce overdoses harm reduction organizations and health departments across the U.S. began distributing fentanyl test strips a low barrier inexpensive drug checking strategy . Studies show that people who use drugs frequently suspect that their drugs contain fentanyl and are interested in using fentanyl test strips to check their drugs however some people question their usefulness in regions where fentanyl presence is assumed . Understanding the utility of fentanyl test strips in fentanyl saturated markets isapriority to best tailor interventions . In depth interviews Fentanyl was viewed as pervasive dangerous and difficult to avoid in the local drug supply . This dominant narrative characterized PWUD as disempowered by the heightened unpredictability of the drug market . While several strategies are used to navigate the drug market respondents wanted more information about their drugs . In this context fentanyl test strips were used in unique and unexpected ways to empower PWUD to be savvier market consumers including avoiding fentanyl when there could be negative social or legal consequences negotiating with dealers and helping others in their social network navigate the opaque drug market . These findings add nuance and place fentanyl preference and use in the context of the drug market . When fentanyl presence is assumed people used fentanyl test strips in unexpected ways to gain some control over their drug use . Novel uses for fentanyl test strips strengthen existing strategies used to navigate the drug market and mitigate overdose risk and highlight their potential to quickly disseminate valuable information about the local drug supply .,These findings add nuance and place fentanyl preference and use in the context of the drug market . This dominant narrative characterized PWUD as disempowered by the heightened unpredictability of the drug market . Understanding the utility of fentanyl test strips in fentanyl saturated markets isapriority to best tailor interventions .336335,Engaging the community in decisions making is recognised as important for improving public health and is recommended in global alcohol strategies and in national policies on controlling alcohol availability . Yet there is little understanding of We conducted case studies in three local government areas in England in 2018 purposively selected for examples of community engagement in decisions affecting the local alcohol environment . We conducted 20 semi structured interviews with residents workers local politicians and local government practitioners and analysed documents linked to engagement and alcohol decision making . Four rationales for engaging the community in decision making affecting the alcohol environment were identified i as part of statutory decision making processes ii to develop new policies iii as representation on committees and iv occurring through relationship building . Many of the examples related to alcohol licensing processes but also local economy and community safety decision making . The impact of community inputs on decisions was often not clear but there were a few instances of engagement influencing the process and outcome of decision making relating to the alcohol environment . While influencing statutory licensing decision making is challenging community experiences of alcohol related harms can be valuable evidence to support new licensing policies . Informal relationship building between communities and local government is also beneficial for sharing information about alcohol related harms and to facilitate future engagement . However care must be taken to balance the different interests among diverse community actors relating to the local alcohol environment and extra support is needed for those with least capacity to engage but who face more burden of alcohol related harms to avoid compounding existing inequalities .,The impact of community inputs on decisions was often not clear but there were a few instances of engagement influencing the process and outcome of decision making relating to the alcohol environment . However care must be taken to balance the different interests among diverse community actors relating to the local alcohol environment and extra support is needed for those with least capacity to engage but who face more burden of alcohol related harms to avoid compounding existing inequalities . Informal relationship building between communities and local government is also beneficial for sharing information about alcohol related harms and to facilitate future engagement .337336,To determine the prevalence patterns of use and consequences of inhaling alcohol vapour or mist . Cross sectional survey recruiting an international non probability sample of people who use alcohol and other drugs as part of the annual Global Drug Survey . Online questionnaire translated into 19 languages . 110 557 people took part in GDS2020 and 88 124 completed a question about inhaling alcohol in the last 12 months . The focus of this study is GDS2020 respondents who reported inhaling alcohol mist vapour from a balloon in the last 12 months . Last 12 month use of alcohol vapour onset duration intensity of effects value for money compared with alcohol and incidence of falls injuries . A total of 803 people reported the use of alcohol vapour in the last 12 months with 51 of the sample coming from 3 countries Australia Denmark and England . Two thirds were male and they were more likely to be under 25 . 45.7 reported that they were a bit very drunk before they inhaled alcohol . 51.3 reported that the effects lasted for less than 5mins . Both the intensity of effect and perceived value for money showed a normal distribution on a 10 point scale . 12.7 of respondents reported falling injuring themselves . Inhaling alcohol vapour appears to be more common amongst younger higher risk drinkers . The rapid onset of action and inability to titrate consumption to effect is a risk for acute injury . We consider that alcohol is harmful enough through oral consumption without adding to the risk of injury by offering such a potentially risky additional administration method .,Both the intensity of effect and perceived value for money showed a normal distribution on a 10 point scale . The rapid onset of action and inability to titrate consumption to effect is a risk for acute injury . We consider that alcohol is harmful enough through oral consumption without adding to the risk of injury by offering such a potentially risky additional administration method .338337,Within the context of the ongoing overdose crisis and limitations of conventional opioid treatments the scale up of injectable hydromorphone and diacetylmorphine as evidenced based treatments is currently underway in some settings in Canada . Past research has underscored the importance of treatment initiation in shaping onward treatment trajectories however structural factors that influence participants motivations to access injectable HDM or DAM have not been fully characterized . This study examines peoples motivations for accessing HDM DAM treatment and situates these within the social and structural context that shapes treatment delivery by employing the concept of structural vulnerability . Fifty two individuals enrolled in injectable HDM DAM programs were recruited from four community based clinical programs in Vancouver Canada to participate in qualitative semi structured interviews . Approximately 50h of ethnographic fieldwork was also completed in one clinical setting and one on one with participants public spaces . Interview transcripts and ethnographic fieldnotes were analyzed through a structural vulnerability lens with a focus on treatment initiation . Participants previous experiences and perceptions of other drug treatments foregrounded their initiation of injectable HDM DAM . Social and structural factors influenced participants motivations to address immediate physical risks and their initial perception of this treatment s ability to align with their opioid use experiences . Similar social and structural factors that drive immediate physical risks were also evidenced in participants motivations to make changes in their daily lives and to address broader opioid use goals . Participants descriptions of their motivations to initiate HDM DAM highlight how structural vulnerabilities shaped participants experiences initiating injectable HDM DAM .,This study examines peoples motivations for accessing HDM DAM treatment and situates these within the social and structural context that shapes treatment delivery by employing the concept of structural vulnerability . Within the context of the ongoing overdose crisis and limitations of conventional opioid treatments the scale up of injectable hydromorphone and diacetylmorphine as evidenced based treatments is currently underway in some settings in Canada . Interview transcripts and ethnographic fieldnotes were analyzed through a structural vulnerability lens with a focus on treatment initiation .339338,With increased use of electronic nicotine delivery devices and non cigarettes tobacco products among adolescents the percentage of Italian students who use nicotine products is at its highest level of the past ten years even though prevention and anti smoking policies have produced tangible results in decreasing tobacco smoking prevalence . This cross sectional study examined trends in exclusive and dual smoking identified new poly consumption patterns and profiled old and new nicotine users . We used the annual cross sectional ESPAD Italia survey which sampled students currently used for surveillance and monitoring of at risk population between 2012 and 2018 The lifetime prevalence of cigarette smokers slightly decreased from 60.9 in 2012 to 56.9 in 2018 whereas the proportion of vaping users substantially increased from 32.9 in 2013 to 52.0 in 2018 . Combining cigarette and vaping use these trends result in an increase in the lifetime prevalence of any use from 60.8 in 2013 to 66.2 in 2018 . Three out of every 10 minors have experienced smoking and or vaping and younger students were more prone to be dual users . Overall current vapers were generally less prone to risky behaviours . In contrast to a slight decrease in cigarette smoking the prevalence of Italian students approaching old and or new smoking habits in their lifetime is substantially increasing . The popularity of alternative nicotine based products particularly e cigarettes has increased among teenagers resulting in a summation of usage patterns rather than a compensation and attracting a novel slice of young users . The lack of regulation within current drug policy to limit the access to such licit psychoactive substance use is urgently needed to avoid a future nicotine addicted population .,With increased use of electronic nicotine delivery devices and non cigarettes tobacco products among adolescents the percentage of Italian students who use nicotine products is at its highest level of the past ten years even though prevention and anti smoking policies have produced tangible results in decreasing tobacco smoking prevalence . We used the annual cross sectional ESPAD Italia survey which sampled students currently used for surveillance and monitoring of at risk population between 2012 and 2018 The lifetime prevalence of cigarette smokers slightly decreased from 60.9 in 2012 to 56.9 in 2018 whereas the proportion of vaping users substantially increased from 32.9 in 2013 to 52.0 in 2018 . The popularity of alternative nicotine based products particularly e cigarettes has increased among teenagers resulting in a summation of usage patterns rather than a compensation and attracting a novel slice of young users .340339,Evidence details how cannabis can influence the use of other psychoactive substances including prescription medications alcohol tobacco and illicit drugs but very little research has examined the factors associated with these changes in substance use patterns . This paper explores the self reported use of cannabis as a substitute for alcohol among a Canadian medical cannabis patient population . Data was derived from a survey of 2102 people enrolled in the Canadian medical cannabis program . We included 973 respondents who reported using alcohol on at least 10 occasions over a 12 month period prior to initiating medical cannabis and then used retrospective data on the frequency and amount of alcohol use pre and post medical cannabis initiation to determine which participant characteristics and other variables were associated with reductions and or cessation of alcohol use . Overall 419 participants reported decreases in alcohol usage frequency over 30 days 323 decreased the number of standard drinks they had per week and 76 reported no alcohol use at all in the 30 days prior to the survey . Being below 55 years of age and reporting higher rates of alcohol use in the pre period were both associated with greater odds of reducing alcohol use and an intention to use medical cannabis to reduce alcohol consumption was associated with significantly greater odds of both reducing and ceasing alcohol use altogether . Our findings suggest that medical cannabis initiation may be associated with self reported reductions and cessation of alcohol use among medical cannabis patients . Since alcohol is the most prevalent recreational substance in North America and its use results in significant rates of criminality morbidity and mortality these findings may result in improved health outcomes for medical cannabis patients as well as overall improvements in public health and safety .,This paper explores the self reported use of cannabis as a substitute for alcohol among a Canadian medical cannabis patient population . Data was derived from a survey of 2102 people enrolled in the Canadian medical cannabis program . Being below 55 years of age and reporting higher rates of alcohol use in the pre period were both associated with greater odds of reducing alcohol use and an intention to use medical cannabis to reduce alcohol consumption was associated with significantly greater odds of both reducing and ceasing alcohol use altogether .341340,People who require help injecting illicit drugs experience elevated rates of a range of health related harms including overdose and acquisition of blood borne pathogens . In response some supervised injection services in Canada have begun to permit clients to be physically injected by fellow clients or staff members . However little is known about uptake and characteristics of clients who engage in this practice . We therefore sought to examine factors associated with receiving injection assistance at SIS among people who require help injecting drugs in Vancouver Canada . Data were drawn from two community recruited prospective cohort studies of people who inject drugs . We used multivariable generalized estimating equation analyses with time updated covariates to identify factors associated with self reported receipt of injection assistance at SIS . Between June 2017 and December 2018 319 individuals who reported having recently required help injecting were included in the study . Of these 160 were women and the median age was 42 years at baseline . In total 54 participants reported receiving injection assistance at a SIS at least once over an average of 3.3 months of follow up . In multivariable GEE analyses recent homelessness 2.04 95 confidence interval 1.13 3.66 fentanyl injection non fatal overdose and enrolment in methadone maintenance therapy were associated with increased odds of receiving injection assistance at SIS . Although uptake of assisted injection at SIS was relatively low among this sample of people who require help injecting this practice was associated with several indicators of structural vulnerability and drug related risk . These findings suggest that accommodating assisted injection within SIS may be providing opportunities to engage and reduce harms among higher risk subpopulations of PWID in this setting .,Of these 160 were women and the median age was 42 years at baseline . Between June 2017 and December 2018 319 individuals who reported having recently required help injecting were included in the study . Although uptake of assisted injection at SIS was relatively low among this sample of people who require help injecting this practice was associated with several indicators of structural vulnerability and drug related risk .342341,The ways in which young people learn about cannabis product availability and where they obtain cannabis products are important to understand for prevention and intervention efforts . Young adults who reported past month cannabis use 51.5 from family or friends 39.1 from medical cannabis dispensaries and 5.5 from strangers or dealers in the past month . Compared to those getting cannabis from family or friends those getting cannabis from MCDs or RCRs spent more money used more cannabis products were more likely to use alone used greater quantities of bud flower and reported more consequences from use . Further those obtaining cannabis from MCDs were more likely to screen positive for cannabis use disorder . For type of products those obtaining cannabis from MCDs or RCRs were more likely to use joints bongs pipes dabs vape and consume edibles relative to those obtaining from family or friends . Subgroup differences were found for both source patterns and cannabis related outcomes . Males and those with a cannabis medical card reported spending more money on cannabis using more types of products and indicated more frequent use and greater CUD symptoms and consequences . Compared to Whites Blacks spent more money on cannabis and used more products and Hispanics reported using more products and greater quantities of cannabis bud flower . Findings highlight the different ways that young adults obtain cannabis and how young adults with a medical cannabis card may be at greater risk for problems compared to young adults who use cannabis recreationally .,Males and those with a cannabis medical card reported spending more money on cannabis using more types of products and indicated more frequent use and greater CUD symptoms and consequences . Compared to Whites Blacks spent more money on cannabis and used more products and Hispanics reported using more products and greater quantities of cannabis bud flower . Subgroup differences were found for both source patterns and cannabis related outcomes .343342,Globally research on the co infection of the human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C virus among people who inject drugs is growing . However studies in resource poor countries remain limited . Therefore we conducted this study to explore factors associated with HIV HCV co infection among people who inject drugs in Cambodia . This national survey was conducted in 2017 in the capital city and 11 provinces . We used a peer based social network recruitment method to recruit 286 participants for face to face interviews and HIV and HCV testing . A modified Cox proportional hazard model was used to identify risk factors associated with HIV HCV co infection . The prevalence of HIV and HCV was 15.4 and 30.4 respectively . Of the total 9.4 of the participants were HIV HCV co infected and 61.4 of the HIV infected participants were co infected with HCV . About half of the participants tested HIV positive were aware of their HIV status of whom 83.3 were on antiretroviral therapy . Only 11.5 of the participants with HCV antibody positivity were aware of their HCV infection status of whom 50.0 were on HCV treatment . The adjusted prevalence ratio of HIV HCV co infection was significantly higher among women than among men and among participants who lived on the streets than among those living with their family or relatives . The APR of HIV HCV co infection was also significantly higher among participants who had received methadone maintenance therapy than those who had not received it . The prevalence of HIV HCV co infection among people who inject drugs in Cambodia was considerably high . Intervention programs are required to increase access to harm reduction interventions among most marginalized people who inject drugs to prevent HIV and HCV infection . HCV screening services should be expanded in this key population given its small population size and the availability of directly acting antiviral agents in the country .,The prevalence of HIV and HCV was 15.4 and 30.4 respectively . This national survey was conducted in 2017 in the capital city and 11 provinces . The prevalence of HIV HCV co infection among people who inject drugs in Cambodia was considerably high .344343,LED lamps have already conquered the market of general lighting . This new product will generate a substantial flow of e waste requiring studies for the correct management especially concerning recycling alternatives . This study proposes a material characterization of all the tubular and bulb LED lamp components . After manual disassembling polymers were characterized by infrared spectroscopy and the metals by X ray fluorescence and acid leaching followed by ICP OES analysis .,This study proposes a material characterization of all the tubular and bulb LED lamp components . LED lamps have already conquered the market of general lighting . This new product will generate a substantial flow of e waste requiring studies for the correct management especially concerning recycling alternatives .345344,Cables and wires have a widespread use due to their application in electric power and data transmission . Since they consist of a conductive core and an insulating layer they can be brought back to life after disposal through recycling in the form of secondary raw materials such as copper aluminium and or polymer . The aim of this paper is to research the possibilities of electrostatic separation use for separating aluminium left in residue fraction after the process of recycling Al waste electric cables as well as to determine the influence of operating parameters and the optimal separation conditions . Waste fraction characterisation has determined that aluminium is mainly found in smallsize particles with the mass fraction higher than 60 . During the research planning the central composite design was used and three operating variables of an electrostatic separator were tested roll speed voltage and separation splitter position . Results have shown that it is possible to obtain a concentrate with the Al mass fraction of 97.86 at 91.20 recovery . It has been shown that the splitter position has the most significant influence on the grade of concentrate and recovery . It has also been shown that the roll speed individually and the interaction of the roll speed and splitter position have a significant influence on the grade of concentrate .,During the research planning the central composite design was used and three operating variables of an electrostatic separator were tested roll speed voltage and separation splitter position . The aim of this paper is to research the possibilities of electrostatic separation use for separating aluminium left in residue fraction after the process of recycling Al waste electric cables as well as to determine the influence of operating parameters and the optimal separation conditions . It has been shown that the splitter position has the most significant influence on the grade of concentrate and recovery .346345,Biodiesel was prepared at laboratory scale via transesterification reaction from waste cooking oil using Sr Ti mixed metal oxide as a heterogeneous base catalyst . The solid base catalyst was synthesized by polymer precursor method . The most efficient active phase of catalyst was explored by varying the Sr Ti atomic ratio in mixed metals oxides . The synthesized catalyst underwent for TGA Powder XRD SEM EDX FT IR XPS and BET surface area analysis to assess its physicochemical characteristics . Additionally basicity which has been observed as the most process governing factor was also evaluated through Hammett indicator benzoic acid titration method . The Sr Ti mixed metals oxide with 4 1 was observed with highest catalytic activity for methanolysis reaction . Its potency was facilitated by fairly acquired BET surface area 43.6m,The solid base catalyst was synthesized by polymer precursor method . The most efficient active phase of catalyst was explored by varying the Sr Ti atomic ratio in mixed metals oxides . The Sr Ti mixed metals oxide with 4 1 was observed with highest catalytic activity for methanolysis reaction .347346,This study evaluated the physicochemical and morphological properties of pectin and chitosan particles combined with sugarcane vinasse for soil fertilization applications . Particles were obtained by adding the biopolymeric solutions dropwise into the crosslinking solutions followed by drying . Vinasse enhanced pectin gel stability improving pectin vinasse particle properties . Physicochemical characterization indicated that vinasse nutrients were properly incorporated in both pectin and chitosan matrices . Particles showed spherical shape with an average diameter of 3 and 2mm for the pectin and chitosan particles with vinasse respectively . Chitosan particles compared to pectin showed lower swelling capacity and solubility and higher mechanical resistance indicating a denser and more compact polymer network . Both particles were able to hinder water evaporation rates from sandy soil under water stress conditions . Biobased particles with vinasse added show potential to be applied as soil fertilizer representing an alternative to use and disposal of this expressive wastewater from sugar and alcohol industries .,Particles showed spherical shape with an average diameter of 3 and 2mm for the pectin and chitosan particles with vinasse respectively . This study evaluated the physicochemical and morphological properties of pectin and chitosan particles combined with sugarcane vinasse for soil fertilization applications . Particles were obtained by adding the biopolymeric solutions dropwise into the crosslinking solutions followed by drying .348347,Catalytic conversion of xylose and the hemicellulose fraction of waste biomass to furfural is important for the valorization of waste lignocellulose . Here a clean and efficient catalytic system consisting of sulfonated carbon microspheres catalysts and valerolactone was developed for the upgrading of xylose and waste lignocellulose to the furfural in one pot . Sulfonated carbon microspheres C,Here a clean and efficient catalytic system consisting of sulfonated carbon microspheres catalysts and valerolactone was developed for the upgrading of xylose and waste lignocellulose to the furfural in one pot . Catalytic conversion of xylose and the hemicellulose fraction of waste biomass to furfural is important for the valorization of waste lignocellulose . Sulfonated carbon microspheres C349348,Critical materials are vital to modern technology . Components of modern vehicles can be recycled to recover and reuse the CMs to help ensure a supply of these materials . Electronic components from a 2015 GMC Sierra truck and 2016 Toyota Camry sedan were analyzed for CMs . The components were processed via size reduction aqua regia leaching and dissolution and final solutions were analyzed for metal content . It was found that most electronic components of both vehicles contain CMs . The most concentrated CMs in the components were Sn Nb and Tb . Nd and Co were found in several of the magnetic components . CM economic value was found to be low compared to the overall value of the components and the CM content would not allow for a viable pathway for recycling . Remanufacturing of components may be a more economic option of reuse in the future .,CM economic value was found to be low compared to the overall value of the components and the CM content would not allow for a viable pathway for recycling . Nd and Co were found in several of the magnetic components . Remanufacturing of components may be a more economic option of reuse in the future .350349,This study investigates an image recognition system for the identification and classification of waste electrical and electronic equipment from photos . Its main purpose is to facilitate information exchange regarding the waste to be collected from individuals or from waste collection points thereby exploiting the wide acceptance and use of smartphones . To improve waste collection planning individuals would photograph the waste item and upload the image to the waste collection company server where it would be recognized and classified automatically . The proposed system can be operated on a server or through a mobile app . A novel method of classification and identification using neural networks is proposed for image analysis a deep learning convolutional neural network was applied to classify the type of e waste and a faster region based convolutional neural network was used to detect the category and size of the waste equipment in the images . The recognition and classification accuracy of the selected e waste categories ranged from 90 to 97 . After the size and category of the waste is automatically recognized and classified from the uploaded images e waste collection companies can prepare a collection plan by assigning a sufficient number of vehicles and payload capacity for a specific e waste project .,The proposed system can be operated on a server or through a mobile app . A novel method of classification and identification using neural networks is proposed for image analysis a deep learning convolutional neural network was applied to classify the type of e waste and a faster region based convolutional neural network was used to detect the category and size of the waste equipment in the images . This study investigates an image recognition system for the identification and classification of waste electrical and electronic equipment from photos .351350,Currently resource efficiency is getting more importance due to a build up of disposed waste in landfills . The closed raw material cycle is an important topic in industries as it is economic and pollute free . This scenario applies to both existing and innovative future materials . To tackle the pollute emission of vehicles multimaterial and hybrid structures are gaining importance in lightweight construction . Hybrid structures that are a combination of metallic materials and carbon fibre reinforced plastics are often used for lightweight structures . In the present work a method is presented that can separate hybrid structures using thermal process so that they can be recycled separately . The thermal process was investigated with the help of different heating techniques such as the furnace induction resistance and infrared on the hybrid structures . Corresponding process windows and the boundary conditions for respective heating techniques are investigated in the current work . The influence of various heating techniques on the separation process is validated using microscopic results .,In the present work a method is presented that can separate hybrid structures using thermal process so that they can be recycled separately . The influence of various heating techniques on the separation process is validated using microscopic results . To tackle the pollute emission of vehicles multimaterial and hybrid structures are gaining importance in lightweight construction .352351,For sustainable growth an economic model must tend toward a circular system especially in the field of waste management . This work focuses on the valorization of spent fluid catalytic cracking catalyst from oil refineries which generate 400 000 metric tons of spent catalyst per year worldwide most of which is sent to landfills . A new alternative to landfilling is proposed for this waste based on the combination of acid leaching for the recovery of lanthanum a valuable rare earth and the reuse of the leached solid residue as a cement substitute . A comparative life cycle assessment was made including four environmental impact categories i.e . global warming fossil resource scarcity mineral resource scarcity and water consumption in order to quantify the potential environmental benefits of secondary lanthanum recovery from industrial waste with respect to primary lanthanum extraction from mineral resources . A maximum of 85.6 La recovery was achieved and 15wt of cement can be substituted with leached solid residue without changing the original cement classification . The waste management process presented in this paper promotes the sustainable management of the spent fluid catalytic cracking catalyst and contributes to the development of a new resource for a critical material such as lanthanum . The implementation of this novel waste management process could reduce global warming and mineral resource scarcity but would increase fossil resource scarcity and water consumption in comparison with primary La extraction .,For sustainable growth an economic model must tend toward a circular system especially in the field of waste management . A new alternative to landfilling is proposed for this waste based on the combination of acid leaching for the recovery of lanthanum a valuable rare earth and the reuse of the leached solid residue as a cement substitute . The waste management process presented in this paper promotes the sustainable management of the spent fluid catalytic cracking catalyst and contributes to the development of a new resource for a critical material such as lanthanum .353352,In this work the hydrothermal coupling pyrolysis method was used to treat municipal solid waste incineration fly ash and municipal sewage sludge . The regulation of migration mechanism of heavy metals which included Cr Ni Cu Zn Cd and Pb were investigated including the conditional effects of hydrothermal pretreatment the pyrolysis temperature the pyrolysis time and the heating rate on the HM distribution . The results indicated that HTT as a pretreatment method achieved the redistribution and preliminary immobilization of the HMs decreasing the potential environmental risk level . After HTP the HMs were more immobilized and this effect was enhanced when the pyrolysis temperature was increased from 300 to 800C . However Zn Cd and Pb evaporated under high temperature . Leaching experiments revealed that all the HMs in the pyro char from pyrolysis at 800C were below the standard . The influences of the HR and pyrolysis time on the HM immobilization were slight under a higher temperature . After HTP the HM environmental risk decreased to a low level . The physicochemical characteristics of the pyro char demonstrated that carbon trapping and chemical sedimentation played leading roles in the middle temperature range while mineral matrix encapsulation might have been dominant under high temperature .,The influences of the HR and pyrolysis time on the HM immobilization were slight under a higher temperature . After HTP the HMs were more immobilized and this effect was enhanced when the pyrolysis temperature was increased from 300 to 800C . The results indicated that HTT as a pretreatment method achieved the redistribution and preliminary immobilization of the HMs decreasing the potential environmental risk level .354353,The purpose of this study is to test alternative additives for trace element supplementation and process stabilization during anaerobic digestion of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste and sewage sludge . Process instabilities due to acidification are a typical problem in waste fermentation . Provision with minerals and TE is crucial for microorganisms in AD to work effectively allowing higher organic loading rates within the digester without risking acid accumulation . In batch fermentation tests different mixture configurations of OFMSW digested sewage sludge and biomass ashes were evaluated . Based on an extensive characterization of the TE contained in wood ashes suitable combinations of digested sewage sludge and OFMSW as a baseline substrate together with ash additives were derived . While high dosages of ash reduced biogas production 1 1 mix of ash and OFMSW facilitated higher CH,The purpose of this study is to test alternative additives for trace element supplementation and process stabilization during anaerobic digestion of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste and sewage sludge . While high dosages of ash reduced biogas production 1 1 mix of ash and OFMSW facilitated higher CH In batch fermentation tests different mixture configurations of OFMSW digested sewage sludge and biomass ashes were evaluated .355354,Elevated boron concentrations above the regulatory standard were inadvertently discovered in downgradient groundwater monitoring wells at 22 construction and demolition debris landfills in Florida US . This created a unique opportunity to evaluate whether C D debris can be considered a plausible source of boron at unlined landfills . Approximately 1200 historical landfill leachate and groundwater records were surveyed from semi annual and annual monitoring reports covering a 9 year period . Laboratory leaching experiments were conducted on soils from each of these sites to determine if the source could have been boron mobilized from naturally occurring soils . Historical leachate quality data from lined landfills near four of the unlined C D debris landfills were examined to determine if leachate from the unlined landfills could be the boron source . The US Environmental Protection Agency Method 1312 or Synthetic Precipitation Leaching Procedure and the EPA Method 1316 were performed on materials commonly found in C D debris to see if these products have the potential to leach appreciable levels of boron . The results of this work indicate leachate from unlined C D debris landfills as the most plausible source of elevated boron concentrations in downgradient monitoring wells .,The results of this work indicate leachate from unlined C D debris landfills as the most plausible source of elevated boron concentrations in downgradient monitoring wells . Historical leachate quality data from lined landfills near four of the unlined C D debris landfills were examined to determine if leachate from the unlined landfills could be the boron source . This created a unique opportunity to evaluate whether C D debris can be considered a plausible source of boron at unlined landfills .356355,Acidogenic fermentation of food waste for production of volatile fatty acids contributes to both food waste minimization and resource recovery . To gain knowledge on functional bacterial communities and facilitate continuous production of VFAs this research firstly studied the effects of initial pH values and temperatures on VFAs production distribution and bacterial communities during acidogenic fermentation of food waste . The optimal conditions were determined as pH 7 and 35C corresponding to the highest total VFAs yield of 11.8g COD L with major components of acetic propionic and butyric acid . Bioinformatic analysis showed that the relative abundance of the dominant bacterial classes e.g .,Bioinformatic analysis showed that the relative abundance of the dominant bacterial classes e.g . The optimal conditions were determined as pH 7 and 35C corresponding to the highest total VFAs yield of 11.8g COD L with major components of acetic propionic and butyric acid . To gain knowledge on functional bacterial communities and facilitate continuous production of VFAs this research firstly studied the effects of initial pH values and temperatures on VFAs production distribution and bacterial communities during acidogenic fermentation of food waste .357356,The effect of a biosurfactant rhamnolipid coupled with a thermal treatment was investigated to determine its impact on improving the deflocculation of dehydrated sludge from wastewater treatment processes . Results showed that the RL treatment positively impacted sludge conditioning to weak acidity and hydrolyzed the carbohydrates and proteins released from the matrix of the extracellular polymeric substance . When RL was coupled with high temperature thermal treatments soluble chemical oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand solubilization increased by 9.619.7 times and 13.429.3 respectively . The RL treatment reduced antibiotic resistant bacteria by 5.498.4 and antibiotic activity was further accelerated by high temperature thermal treatment . The combination of biosurfactant and thermal treatment can effectively deflocculate dehydrated sludge and should be considered an alternative technology for the sludge management process .,The effect of a biosurfactant rhamnolipid coupled with a thermal treatment was investigated to determine its impact on improving the deflocculation of dehydrated sludge from wastewater treatment processes . Results showed that the RL treatment positively impacted sludge conditioning to weak acidity and hydrolyzed the carbohydrates and proteins released from the matrix of the extracellular polymeric substance . The combination of biosurfactant and thermal treatment can effectively deflocculate dehydrated sludge and should be considered an alternative technology for the sludge management process .358357,The scope of this research is to present a more holistic approach on measuring countries performance in managing and exploiting their Municipal Solid Waste . Specifically we argue that relying solely on criteria like the recycling and or the cyclical material use rate can lead to an overestimation or underestimation of countries true performance . That is because the level of waste generation is left unaccounted despite the fact that low waste generation is an important environmental target and so is the countries true potential as it is reflected by their economic and social progress .,The scope of this research is to present a more holistic approach on measuring countries performance in managing and exploiting their Municipal Solid Waste . Specifically we argue that relying solely on criteria like the recycling and or the cyclical material use rate can lead to an overestimation or underestimation of countries true performance . That is because the level of waste generation is left unaccounted despite the fact that low waste generation is an important environmental target and so is the countries true potential as it is reflected by their economic and social progress .359358,Carbon based bimetallic electrocatalysts were obtained by catalytic pyrolysis of waste plastics with Fe Ni based catalysts and were used as efficient oxygen reduction reaction catalysts in this study . The prepared iron nickel alloy nanoparticles encapsulated in oxidized carbon nanotubes are solid products with a unique structure . Moreover the chemical composition and structural features of FeNi OCNTs were determined . The iron nickel alloy nanoparticles were wrapped in carbon layers and the carbon nanotubes had an outer diameter of 2050nm and micron scale lengths . FeNi OCNT with a Fe Ni ratio of 1 2 exhibited remarkable electrochemical performance as an ORR catalyst with a positive onset potential of 1.01V and a half wave potential of 0.87V which were comparable to those of a commercial 20 Pt C catalyst . Furthermore FeNi OCNT12 exhibited promising longterm stability and higher tolerance to methanol than the commercial 20 Pt C catalyst in an alkaline medium . These properties were attributable to the protective OCNT coating of the iron nickel alloy nanoparticles .,The iron nickel alloy nanoparticles were wrapped in carbon layers and the carbon nanotubes had an outer diameter of 2050nm and micron scale lengths . Moreover the chemical composition and structural features of FeNi OCNTs were determined . These properties were attributable to the protective OCNT coating of the iron nickel alloy nanoparticles .360359,This paper reports the preparation of newly synthesized bio epoxy monomers suitable for replacing petrochemical derived epoxy resins . An original green method able to produce epoxy monomers starting from neat carbohydrates waste flours and even from the organic fraction of municipal solid waste was here proposed . Hence for the first time the epoxidation of carbohydrates was attained only through the exposition to UV and ozone radiation without using any organic solvent to carry out the reaction . Besides the innovation in the epoxidation method this work explored the possibility of valorizing waste materials by recycling carbohydrate scraps in particular the exposition of waste flours and municipal solid waste to UV and ozone and their consequent epoxidation allowed obtaining green precursors for the production of a bio based epoxy resin .,This paper reports the preparation of newly synthesized bio epoxy monomers suitable for replacing petrochemical derived epoxy resins . Hence for the first time the epoxidation of carbohydrates was attained only through the exposition to UV and ozone radiation without using any organic solvent to carry out the reaction . An original green method able to produce epoxy monomers starting from neat carbohydrates waste flours and even from the organic fraction of municipal solid waste was here proposed .361360,Novel and efficient drying method based on electromagnetic induction plate heating was used to treat sewage sludge . This work focused on the effects of EMI P action on heavy metals in dried SS . Surface functional groups surface chemistry and microstructures of SS treated were investigated and compared to provide insights into the transformation mechanisms of HMs during EMI P drying process . The results show that the EMI P dried SS showed undesirably total concentrations of Cd and Zn and leaching concentrations of HMs exceeded the Chinese ground water standard . Ni Zn and As in the EMI P dried SS still exhibited high mobility the leaching percent of Ni Zn and As can reach up to 28.56 10.36 26.96 26.61 and 30.64 23.14 respectively . Compared with conventional thermal drying the EMI P method can effectively reduce the eco toxicity derived from HMs by 28.06 under 500V condition . The stabilization effect of the EMI P action can be attributed to the following EMI P action promoted the generation of surface complexes with HMs HMs adsorption by silicate minerals was enhanced under high frequency magnetic fields and honeycomb structures of EMI P dried SS with micropores provided abundant active sites to bond with HMs .,This work focused on the effects of EMI P action on heavy metals in dried SS . Novel and efficient drying method based on electromagnetic induction plate heating was used to treat sewage sludge . The results show that the EMI P dried SS showed undesirably total concentrations of Cd and Zn and leaching concentrations of HMs exceeded the Chinese ground water standard .362361,The purpose of this discussion is to highlight the essential role that solid waste management must play in a humanitarian response towards disasters in particular the ongoing Covid 19 pandemic . We highlight a number of potential avenues for scholarly investigation into the waste impacts of our response to Covid 19 but in particular briefly unpacks the relationship between disasters consumption and disposability as one potential research topic . The discussion is intended to start a conversation that is at the moment critically relevant and to contribute to a more inclusive and less normatively Western waste management studies discourse .,We highlight a number of potential avenues for scholarly investigation into the waste impacts of our response to Covid 19 but in particular briefly unpacks the relationship between disasters consumption and disposability as one potential research topic . The purpose of this discussion is to highlight the essential role that solid waste management must play in a humanitarian response towards disasters in particular the ongoing Covid 19 pandemic . The discussion is intended to start a conversation that is at the moment critically relevant and to contribute to a more inclusive and less normatively Western waste management studies discourse .363362,This paper reports a complete characterisation of poultry litter ash and its potential use as a heavy metal stabiliser . We propose a novel approach in which the ashes deriving from municipal solid waste incineration are combined with poultry litter ash rather than with coal combustion flue gas desulfurisation residues . Heavy metals stabilisation was demonstrated by comparing the elemental concentrations in the leaching solutions of the starting raw and stabilised materials leachable Pb and Zn showed a reduced solubility . The characterisation was conducted by total reflection X ray fluorescence X ray diffraction micro Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy combined with energy dispersive X ray spectrometry . The results showed that the poultry litter ash was Ca P K and S rich . It contained amorphous materials 73 and fly ash cyclone 61 and soluble phases as well as resilient crystalline and amorphous phases . After two months the Pb and Zn concentrations in the leachate solutions were below the limit set by the European regulations for waste disposal . We propose a mechanism for the heavy metals stabilisation based on the carbonation process and high amounts of P Ca and reactive amorphous phases . In conclusion it is demonstrated that poultry litter ash can be an effective secondary source of heavy metals allowing their immobilisation through P and Ca based reactive amorphous phases .,We propose a mechanism for the heavy metals stabilisation based on the carbonation process and high amounts of P Ca and reactive amorphous phases . Heavy metals stabilisation was demonstrated by comparing the elemental concentrations in the leaching solutions of the starting raw and stabilised materials leachable Pb and Zn showed a reduced solubility . This paper reports a complete characterisation of poultry litter ash and its potential use as a heavy metal stabiliser .364363,Material efficiency measures such as recycling rates are often used to set circular economy targets to achieve higher resource efficiency and lower environmental impact . The aim of this study was to identify material efficiency indicators suitable to reflect the environmental performance of waste and recycling systems using PET bottle waste management in three European countries with diverse waste management structures and recycling performance levels . Material flow analysis and life cycle assessment were performed to assess the material efficiency and environmental impacts of each system as a basis to analyze the relation between these two dimensions . PET bottle waste generation was 5.4kg person and year in Austria in 2013 6.0kg pa in Germany in 2017 and 6.9kg pa in Serbia in 2015 . Out of this waste flow 41 91 and 11 were directed into PET recyclate in Austria Germany and Serbia respectively . For all systems higher material efficiency translated into lower environmental impact and vice versa . However linear regression analysis between different material efficiency indicators and environmental impacts showed that indicators targeted at actual recycling specifically at closed loop were better suited to reflect environmental performance than input based indicators . Therefore whenever data are available output based quality related indicators should be used to measure the material efficiency of waste and resource systems because they correlate best with the goals of increasing resource efficiency and decreasing environmental impacts .,The aim of this study was to identify material efficiency indicators suitable to reflect the environmental performance of waste and recycling systems using PET bottle waste management in three European countries with diverse waste management structures and recycling performance levels . Therefore whenever data are available output based quality related indicators should be used to measure the material efficiency of waste and resource systems because they correlate best with the goals of increasing resource efficiency and decreasing environmental impacts . Out of this waste flow 41 91 and 11 were directed into PET recyclate in Austria Germany and Serbia respectively .365364,Bitumen ages in the short and long term due to environmental conditions . As the bitumen ages it loses its original properties and flexibility . Hardened bitumen causes certain distresses in pavement that may endanger traffic safety and reduce travel comfort . Bitumen is one of recoverable material however some techniques may not be ecological due to considerable energy time and cost . On the other hand recovering of aged bitumen might be eco friendlier energy efficient and economic by using bio based waste materials such as waste vegetable cooking oils . In this perspective this paper was established on the idea of sustainable recovery of aged bitumen and WVCO . Base bitumen was aged in case of short term and long term in laboratory condition and modified with WVCO ranging from 2 to 10 by weight of bitumen . To determine the effect of WVCO modification on aged bitumen conventional and rheological test methods were utilized . To find the optimum rate of WVCO for full recovery of aged bitumen an index called Pure Rejuvenation Index was specified and applied for each test results . It can be concluded from PRI analyses that WVCO can be used as rejuvenator to recover aged bitumen and approximately 3 and 6 of WVCO are required for ST and LT aged bitumen cases respectively . However different test methods yield different optimum rates of WVCO for ST and LT aged bitumen . Recovering of WVCO and aged bitumen by using together may provide environmental protection and conservation of resources .,In this perspective this paper was established on the idea of sustainable recovery of aged bitumen and WVCO . To determine the effect of WVCO modification on aged bitumen conventional and rheological test methods were utilized . To find the optimum rate of WVCO for full recovery of aged bitumen an index called Pure Rejuvenation Index was specified and applied for each test results .366365,Circular Economy turned into one of the most popular topics worldwide for presenting itself as the solution to problems linked to the traditional take make consume dispose system . But how can CE be addressed as public policies worldwide While there are ambitious and committed strategies in the European Union and Asia the path that emerging economies are taking is poorly researched . Therefore we selected Colombia a Latin American country which is beginning to implement new public policies that are on par with global concerns . Furthermore its waste management panorama has been transformed in recent decades due to its legal framework restructuring differently than others in the region . This article aimed to elucidate which drivers have influenced the waste management policies in Colombia based on its historical context and how these drivers impacted Municipal Waste Management systems . Amongst the principal drivers identified we highlight financial sustainability and inclusive recycling which have allowed improvements towards a more sustainable waste management in the country . Moreover it was possible to understand how the current legal framework was structured and its future challenges . This study constitutes a knowledge base for scholars and policymakers from other emerging economies creating a potential to verify the relationship and antagonisms between waste management drivers and how they affect public policy implementation .,Moreover it was possible to understand how the current legal framework was structured and its future challenges . This study constitutes a knowledge base for scholars and policymakers from other emerging economies creating a potential to verify the relationship and antagonisms between waste management drivers and how they affect public policy implementation . Amongst the principal drivers identified we highlight financial sustainability and inclusive recycling which have allowed improvements towards a more sustainable waste management in the country .367366,A shift is underway in China from perceiving municipal solid waste as a strictly environmental concern to identifying MSW as a resource . China exhibits a growing focus on using MSW in the energy sector while putting more emphasis on waste sorting and recycling in general and sorting food waste in particular . Timely planning of MSW treatment capacity requires reliable forecasts of future MSW quantities and their characteristics . This article uses econometric analysis to perform regional specific projections for collected MSW . Four scenarios are presented three of which include sorting of food waste from the mixed MSW stream and or capping mixed MSW generation . In the different scenarios aggregated on a national level mixed MSW ranges from 159 million metric tons to 340 MMT and sorted food waste from MSW from zero to 109 MMT in 2050 . Conclusions show that sorting of food waste will create stable levels of mixed MSW in many provinces and that there is a risk of overinvestments in MSW incineration capacity in most provinces .,China exhibits a growing focus on using MSW in the energy sector while putting more emphasis on waste sorting and recycling in general and sorting food waste in particular . Four scenarios are presented three of which include sorting of food waste from the mixed MSW stream and or capping mixed MSW generation . Timely planning of MSW treatment capacity requires reliable forecasts of future MSW quantities and their characteristics .368367,Waste mobile phones contain significant amounts of valuable metals and non metallic materials . Consequently the extraction of valuable materials from discarded phones which is a more cost effective method compared with primary mining is an essential step for maximizing the recovery of secondary resources and minimizing e waste pollution . We designed a green and efficient path for recovering valuable metals from waste mobile phones and explored its technical feasibility from both environmental and economic perspectives through life cycle assessment and revenue expenditure model .,Consequently the extraction of valuable materials from discarded phones which is a more cost effective method compared with primary mining is an essential step for maximizing the recovery of secondary resources and minimizing e waste pollution . Waste mobile phones contain significant amounts of valuable metals and non metallic materials . We designed a green and efficient path for recovering valuable metals from waste mobile phones and explored its technical feasibility from both environmental and economic perspectives through life cycle assessment and revenue expenditure model .369368,The purpose of this paper is to provide a full characterization of post consumer plastic film recovered from mixed municipal solid waste treatment plants in Spain . Currently this type of plastic waste is not recycled due to technical or economic barriers and is still sent to landfill . Different types of municipal plastic waste from manual and automated sorting were studied i colour plastic film recovered by ballistic separators and then manual sorting in different seasons ii colour plastic film recovered by automated sorting and iii white plastic film from primary manual sorting process . The samples were characterized by different techniques including the ultimate and proximate analysis Higher Heating Value and Lower Heating Value metal content Thermogravimetric Analysis and Derivative Thermogravimetry Fourier Transform Infrared analysis and Differential Scanning Calorimetry . The results were compared to those obtained for pretreated colour and white plastic film waste and contrasted with industrial recycled film granules of polyethylene . Additionally pretreated plastic film samples were also characterized by analyzing viscosity Pressure Volume Temperature diagram specific heat capacity and halogen and sulphur contents . Characterization data from this study will contribute to identify and develop potential recycling alternatives for a more sustainable municipal plastic waste management which is recognized as a priority in the European Circular Economy Action Plan to use resources in a more sustainable way .,The purpose of this paper is to provide a full characterization of post consumer plastic film recovered from mixed municipal solid waste treatment plants in Spain . The results were compared to those obtained for pretreated colour and white plastic film waste and contrasted with industrial recycled film granules of polyethylene . The samples were characterized by different techniques including the ultimate and proximate analysis Higher Heating Value and Lower Heating Value metal content Thermogravimetric Analysis and Derivative Thermogravimetry Fourier Transform Infrared analysis and Differential Scanning Calorimetry .370369,The possibility of a pyrolysis process as a mean of recycling the residual plastic rich fraction derived from of a material recovery facility has been evaluated . The unknown product composition of WEEE residue has been supposed through coupled thermal infrared analysis and ultimate analysis and resulted as PP 3wt PBT 3wt PVC 4wt styrene based polymers 50wt thermosetting resins 24wt inorganic fraction 16wt . DSC experiments showed that the overall energy defined as the degradation heat needed in order to completely degrade WEEE residue was about 4 of the exploitable energy of the input material . The effect of temperature and different zeolite catalysts were investigated in particular in terms of yield and quality of the produced oils during the pyrolysis process . Produced oils were potentially exploitable as fuels and almost all catalysts improved their quality . The best performance was reached by NaUSY with the second highest production of light oil and the greatest total monoaromatics yield plus 12wt in comparison to thermal pyrolysis experiments . Furthermore light oil produced by NaUSY has one of the best LHV and no halogenated compounds were detected by GCMS analysis . Char or pyrolytic gas combustion could supply the energy required for the thermal degradation of WEEE Residue .,The effect of temperature and different zeolite catalysts were investigated in particular in terms of yield and quality of the produced oils during the pyrolysis process . The best performance was reached by NaUSY with the second highest production of light oil and the greatest total monoaromatics yield plus 12wt in comparison to thermal pyrolysis experiments . DSC experiments showed that the overall energy defined as the degradation heat needed in order to completely degrade WEEE residue was about 4 of the exploitable energy of the input material .371370,This research focused on the recovery of valuable materials from ferrous grinding swarf . We received the sample from the automobile industry . The sample has consisted of approximately 20wt moisture and 80wt residue . The chemical composition of the oven dried sample was approximately 87wt iron . In this study aqueous washing process for oil removal from ferrous grinding swarf was investigated with two different commercial reagents Micro 90 and Detergent 8 . Three different amounts of solids were mixed with 20mL of diluted reagents for the aqueous washing . In the Micro 90 solution about 80 of the oil was removed after three washing cycles at a solids content less than 3g 20mL . On the other hand when using Detergent 8 100 oil was removed after three washing cycles at a solids content of less than 3g 20mL . Pulp density was an important factor in determining oil removal efficiency . For the scale up experiment different washing methods such as ultrasonication and overhead stirrer were examined . The preliminary reuse test of the Detergent 8 solution was also conducted for the feasibility of the aqueous washing process .,The preliminary reuse test of the Detergent 8 solution was also conducted for the feasibility of the aqueous washing process . In the Micro 90 solution about 80 of the oil was removed after three washing cycles at a solids content less than 3g 20mL . The chemical composition of the oven dried sample was approximately 87wt iron .372371,Black soldier fly larvae treatment is an emerging technology for the conversion of biowaste into potentially more sustainable and marketable high value products according to circular economy principles . Unknown or variable performance for different biowastes is currently one challenge that prohibits the global technology up scaling . This study describes simulated midgut digestion for black soldier fly larvae to estimate biowaste conversion performance . Before simulation the unknown biowaste residence time in the three midgut regions was determined on three diets varying in protein and non fiber carbohydrate content . For the static,Before simulation the unknown biowaste residence time in the three midgut regions was determined on three diets varying in protein and non fiber carbohydrate content . For the static Black soldier fly larvae treatment is an emerging technology for the conversion of biowaste into potentially more sustainable and marketable high value products according to circular economy principles .373372,Selecting appropriate locations for municipal solid waste management facilities such as transfer stations is an important issue in rapidly developing regions . Multiple alternatives and evaluation attributes need to be analyzed for finalizing the locations of these facilities . Multi attribute decision making approaches are found to be very effective for ranking several potential locations and hence selecting the best among them based on the identified attributes . However conventional MADM approaches fail to find the rankings of alternatives derived from all possible combinations of these potential locations . Therefore this study presents a two stage MADM model that also accounts for all possible combinations of locations . This study evaluates economical environmental social and technical attributes based on realistic conditions of the study area,This study evaluates economical environmental social and technical attributes based on realistic conditions of the study area Therefore this study presents a two stage MADM model that also accounts for all possible combinations of locations . Multiple alternatives and evaluation attributes need to be analyzed for finalizing the locations of these facilities .374373,Volatile fatty acids are intermediates of anaerobic digestion with high value and wide range of usage . Co digestion of sewage sludge and external organic waste for VFA production can help achieve both resource recovery and ensure sustainable and innovative waste management . In view of this the effect of substrate proportions on VFA production from co digestion of primary sewage sludge and OW is studied . Long term operation in a semi continuous reactor was performed to assess the resilience of such a system and the VFA rich effluent was tested for its ability to be used as carbon source for denitrification . Co digestion was initially carried out in batch reactors with OW proportion of 0 25 50 75 100 in terms of COD and scaled up in a semi continuous reactor operation with 50 OW . In the short term operation in the batch mode acetic acid dominated however increasing OW fraction resulted in increased valeric and caproic acid production . Moreover in the long term semi continuous operation caproic acid dominated accounting for 55 of VFAs . The VFA rich effluent from the semi continuous reactor achieved the highest denitrification rate as a carbon source when compared with acetic acid and methanol . The results demonstrate that co fermentation can increase VFA yield and shift products from acetic acid to caproic acid in long term operation and the VFAs can be used within wastewater treatment plants to close the loop .,In view of this the effect of substrate proportions on VFA production from co digestion of primary sewage sludge and OW is studied . Moreover in the long term semi continuous operation caproic acid dominated accounting for 55 of VFAs . Volatile fatty acids are intermediates of anaerobic digestion with high value and wide range of usage .375374,Typical used disposable nappies usually consist of nonwoven fabrics Super Absorbent Polymer and organic material namely fluffy pulp urine and or excreta . Currently this waste stream is being disposed to landfills causing many environmental issues . An alternative management method could be the valorisation of the biodegradable material through anaerobic digestion and the recycling of plastics and SAP . Pretreatment of nappies is mandatory to separate SAP and plastics from the organic material . The aim of this work was the development of a process to minimize SAPs volume as this component can swell up to 1500 times its own mass by water absorbance thus hindering any further biological process . CaCl,An alternative management method could be the valorisation of the biodegradable material through anaerobic digestion and the recycling of plastics and SAP . Pretreatment of nappies is mandatory to separate SAP and plastics from the organic material . The aim of this work was the development of a process to minimize SAPs volume as this component can swell up to 1500 times its own mass by water absorbance thus hindering any further biological process .376375,We analyze waste generation differences across Spanish regions by studying the evolution of two complementary indicators municipal solid waste per unit of GDP as well as in per capita terms . To that end we apply the recent statistic developed by Phillips and Sul which allows us to test for the null hypothesis of convergence . In the present case this hypothesis is equivalent to admitting that the waste generation follows a similar path across the Spanish regions . Our results lead us to reject this hypothesis which implies that Spanish regional waste generation is quite heterogenous and exhibits several patterns of behavior . We observe that the northern regions exhibit the lowest waste ratios while the insular and Mediterranean coast regions have the highest waste generation . This different behavior is also explained by some socioeconomic factors . Per capita income environmental spending and education level are helpful in this regard . The population dispersion and the number of years that a region has been governed by a left wing party are also associated with lower levels of waste generation . Finally we can also observe that the regions with the highest levels of waste generation are greatly dependent on the tourism industry . Then strategies targeting the transit towards a more sustainable economy in Spain should take into account this fact . In particular the adoption of methods for the reduction of the waste levels generated by tourism activities in these areas can be very useful .,Finally we can also observe that the regions with the highest levels of waste generation are greatly dependent on the tourism industry . To that end we apply the recent statistic developed by Phillips and Sul which allows us to test for the null hypothesis of convergence . In particular the adoption of methods for the reduction of the waste levels generated by tourism activities in these areas can be very useful .377376,Liberation and reduction of cathode material are the necessary procedures for improving the recycling efficiency of cathode material derived from spent lithium ion batteries . In this research work a pyrolysis technology was utilized to remove the organic binder and enhance liberation of electrode materials . At the same time pyrolysis treatment can facilitate the thermal reduction of Co,In this research work a pyrolysis technology was utilized to remove the organic binder and enhance liberation of electrode materials . At the same time pyrolysis treatment can facilitate the thermal reduction of Co Liberation and reduction of cathode material are the necessary procedures for improving the recycling efficiency of cathode material derived from spent lithium ion batteries .378377,Waste sorting is essential to address the current predicament of waste management . Though it is important insufficient attention has been paid to explore residents waste sorting intention and behavior and understand its formation process . To narrow the research gap this research built a theoretical research model by adding personal moral norms and waste sorting knowledge into the theory of planned behavior to explicate residents waste sorting intention and behavior formation process . Meanwhile given the discrepancy between waste sorting intention and actual behavior this research also explored the effect of external conditions such as incentive measures on this discrepancy . Based on survey data from 397 Chinese residents this research found that attitudes subjective norms perceived behavioral control personal moral norms and waste sorting knowledge were directly and significantly related to residents waste sorting intention . Waste sorting knowledge also had an indirect influence on residents waste sorting intention through attitudes and perceived behavioral control . Additionally this research corroborated the discrepancy between waste sorting intention and behavior and suggested that the link between intention and behavior was contingent on incentive measures . Incentive measures strengthened the effect of intention on behavior . This research is useful for understanding residents waste sorting intention and behavior and valuable for encouraging residents to sort waste in their daily lives .,Incentive measures strengthened the effect of intention on behavior . Additionally this research corroborated the discrepancy between waste sorting intention and behavior and suggested that the link between intention and behavior was contingent on incentive measures . Waste sorting is essential to address the current predicament of waste management .379378,Knowledge on the material flows of engineered nanomaterials is crucial for assessing their environmental risks . Waste management processes constitute important parts of material flow analyses as they affect large fractions of the ENMs . Accordingly their detailed representation could substantially improve the models . Our goal was to consider the temporal variations of wastewater and solid waste management in the dynamic probabilistic material flow analysis of carbon nanotubes nano Ag TiO,Our goal was to consider the temporal variations of wastewater and solid waste management in the dynamic probabilistic material flow analysis of carbon nanotubes nano Ag TiO Knowledge on the material flows of engineered nanomaterials is crucial for assessing their environmental risks . Accordingly their detailed representation could substantially improve the models .380379,Municipal solid waste generation is becoming a prominent issue in the environmental arena . The aim of this paper is to investigate the relationship among municipal waste generation greenhouse gas emissions and GDP in Switzerland over the period 19902017 . We apply both time series procedures and a Machine Learning approach . Empirical findings underline a bidirectional causal relationship between municipal solid waste generation and GDP indicating that the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis holds for Switzerland . Moreover we found that waste recovery is a key driver in mitigating greenhouse gas emissions . In fact in the Tree Model the probability that a change in the waste recovery variable could lead to a reduction in the greenhouse gas emissions registered a value of 87 .,The aim of this paper is to investigate the relationship among municipal waste generation greenhouse gas emissions and GDP in Switzerland over the period 19902017 . In fact in the Tree Model the probability that a change in the waste recovery variable could lead to a reduction in the greenhouse gas emissions registered a value of 87 . Empirical findings underline a bidirectional causal relationship between municipal solid waste generation and GDP indicating that the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis holds for Switzerland .381380,The volume of end of life automotive batteries is increasing rapidly as a result of growing electric vehicle adoption . Most automotive lithium ion batteries are recycled but could be repurposed as second life batteries since they have 7080 residual capacity which can be adequate for stationary applications . SLBs have been proposed as potential inexpensive low carbon energy storage for residential and utility level applications with or without photovoltaics . However it is unknown whether SLBs will be better than new batteries and whether SLBs will provide similar cost and carbon emission reduction for the different stationary applications in all locations . This work compared the levelized cost of electricity and life cycle carbon emissions associated with using SLBs and new LIBs in the US for three energy storage applications residential energy storage with rooftop PV utility level PV firming and utility level peak shaving leading to a total of 41 scenarios . SLBs reduced the levelized cost of electricity by 1257 and carbon emissions by 731 compared to new LIBs in the considered applications with higher reductions for utility level applications . SLBs still provided benefits at the residential level when compared to rooftop PV alone by reducing the levelized cost by 1525 and carbon emissions by 2251 making SLBs attractive to residential consumers as well . SLBs offer an opportunity to utilize an end of life product for energy storage applications provided the uncertainty in SLB quality and availability is addressed .,SLBs reduced the levelized cost of electricity by 1257 and carbon emissions by 731 compared to new LIBs in the considered applications with higher reductions for utility level applications . This work compared the levelized cost of electricity and life cycle carbon emissions associated with using SLBs and new LIBs in the US for three energy storage applications residential energy storage with rooftop PV utility level PV firming and utility level peak shaving leading to a total of 41 scenarios . SLBs offer an opportunity to utilize an end of life product for energy storage applications provided the uncertainty in SLB quality and availability is addressed .382381,Much attention has been devoted to disposing traditional sized poly waste by pyrolysis for methyl methacrylate . The pyrolysis of micron sized PMMA waste which may be different from that of traditional sized PMMA waste received little concern . The present study investigated the kinetics and volatile products of micron sized PMMA waste pyrolysis in inert atmosphere using thermogravimetry and Fourier transform infrared analysis . A global optimization algorithm namely Shuffled Complex Evolution was employed to simultaneously optimize the kinetic parameters . Results indicated that one shoulder and one peak occurred in the MLR variations with temperature . The values of the MLR at the shoulder and peak the average MLR all increased with the heating rate . The optimized kinetic parameters by SCE can be utilized to well reproduce the experimental thermogravimetric data . The values of activation energy and natural logarithm of pre exponential factor were in the range of 235.95248.61kJ mol and 16.9628.76min,The present study investigated the kinetics and volatile products of micron sized PMMA waste pyrolysis in inert atmosphere using thermogravimetry and Fourier transform infrared analysis . The values of the MLR at the shoulder and peak the average MLR all increased with the heating rate . The values of activation energy and natural logarithm of pre exponential factor were in the range of 235.95248.61kJ mol and 16.9628.76min383382,Worldwide production of large volumes of dredged materials has become a pressing environmental problem . In Turkey the government has yet to develop management strategies that successfully prevent or minimize dumping into the Marmara Sea . One potential solution is the utilization of the DMs as a source of material for earthworks particularly in sanitary landfills in Istanbul and Kocaeli . The most economically developed cities in Turkey they were evaluated in terms of potential environmental impacts and regulatory compliance . Five ports harbors representing specific portions of the study area and different industrial activities were selected as pilot regions . Physical chemical mineralogical toxicological and leaching potential measurements of DMs dredged from the seabed revealed they qualify as non hazardous waste . Index and engineering tests performed on raw and processed DMs were assessed to determine the geotechnical requirements for soil based materials used in sanitary landfills . The results showed that non hazardous DMs could be utilized as a cover base cap liner and or fill material at various sections within the landfills . This method provides environmental advantages not seen with other management strategies for DMs such as dumping at sea or upland disposal .,The most economically developed cities in Turkey they were evaluated in terms of potential environmental impacts and regulatory compliance . Five ports harbors representing specific portions of the study area and different industrial activities were selected as pilot regions . Index and engineering tests performed on raw and processed DMs were assessed to determine the geotechnical requirements for soil based materials used in sanitary landfills .384383,In this paper the waste fried oil was used to remove the unburned carbon in coal fly ash during flotation process and found that the waste fried oil could be a novel collector for the removal of carbon from coal fly ash . The results implied that the wetting rate of the fly ash after treated by waste fried oil was decreased meanwhile the contact angle was increased . A significant decrease in wetting heat was observed which indicated a weaker interaction between deionized water and fly ash after treatment with waste fried oil . Flotation tests showed that the content of unburned carbon could be reduced effectively through froth flotation when took waste fried oil as collector . FTIR analysis testified that waste fried oil had abundant oxygen containing groups that could be adsorbed in a carbonaceous matter to achieve hydrophobization . X ray photoelectron spectroscopy scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive analyses showed that the main compositions of flotation concentrate products were unburned carbon whereas the tailing products consist of aluminum and silicon which confirmed the superior separation performance when the waste fried oil was used as a collector in coal fly ash flotation . This investigation provides an approach to remove the unburned carbon in coal fly ash based on the principle of waste control through waste which can solve the environmental problems brought by large amounts of both coal fly ash and waste fried oils .,The results implied that the wetting rate of the fly ash after treated by waste fried oil was decreased meanwhile the contact angle was increased . X ray photoelectron spectroscopy scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive analyses showed that the main compositions of flotation concentrate products were unburned carbon whereas the tailing products consist of aluminum and silicon which confirmed the superior separation performance when the waste fried oil was used as a collector in coal fly ash flotation . This investigation provides an approach to remove the unburned carbon in coal fly ash based on the principle of waste control through waste which can solve the environmental problems brought by large amounts of both coal fly ash and waste fried oils .385384,It is a fact that plastic packages are widely used over the world . This large scale consumption has resulted in a decrease of the initial resources used to manufacture the packages and has made it more of a challenge to dispose the increased amount of solid plastic wastes . Plastic waste is one of the most significant types of waste materials in the world owing to its non degradation and low biodegradability . The presence of large quantities of plastic waste has led to a number of environmental problems . Various researches have already been conducted to find a safe and environmentally friendly solution for the disposal of plastic wastes . Recently different types of plastic have been incorporated into concrete mixtures because of its long service life and lower weight in order to eliminate or reduce environmental problems . This paper presents an overview of previously published research papers which is investigating the use of different types of plastic wastes in concrete mixtures . In addition a global view is summarized regarding the effects of plastic waste on fresh mechanical thermal and acoustical properties of concrete .,This paper presents an overview of previously published research papers which is investigating the use of different types of plastic wastes in concrete mixtures . In addition a global view is summarized regarding the effects of plastic waste on fresh mechanical thermal and acoustical properties of concrete . This large scale consumption has resulted in a decrease of the initial resources used to manufacture the packages and has made it more of a challenge to dispose the increased amount of solid plastic wastes .386385,An 8 ton day solid refuse fuel gasification process with air oxidant was operated under various conditions to generate electricity . Solid refuse fuels with fluff type feedstock were fabricated from municipal solid wastes . The tested experimental conditions included feedstock charging rate into the gasifier equivalence ratio and oxygen enrichment varying these conditions resulted in different gasification characteristics such as cold gas efficiency and carbon conversion ratio . Optimum conditions were a charging rate of 50 to 60 by volume 504.71 to 605.65kg Sm,Optimum conditions were a charging rate of 50 to 60 by volume 504.71 to 605.65kg Sm An 8 ton day solid refuse fuel gasification process with air oxidant was operated under various conditions to generate electricity . Solid refuse fuels with fluff type feedstock were fabricated from municipal solid wastes .387386,The Gasification performance of banana peel was examined in a fixed bed reactor . Effect of temperature steam to carbon ratio drying treatment on syngas composition gas yield CO,The Gasification performance of banana peel was examined in a fixed bed reactor . Effect of temperature steam to carbon ratio drying treatment on syngas composition gas yield CO388387,Process instability with consecutive low methane production are common challenges of the anaerobic digestion of municipal wastes . In the present study the co digestion of sewage sludge and municipal biopulp was investigated at batch and continuously fed digesters . At batch tests the highest methane yield for co digestion 46717 mLCH,In the present study the co digestion of sewage sludge and municipal biopulp was investigated at batch and continuously fed digesters . Process instability with consecutive low methane production are common challenges of the anaerobic digestion of municipal wastes . At batch tests the highest methane yield for co digestion 46717 mLCH389388,In Japan approximately 64 of municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash is landfilled . Because landfills in Japan are operated without capping the landfill body is directly exposed to climatic events . Increased frequency of heavy rain is predicted to affect the chemical stabilization of bottom ash landfill as rainwater seeps into and interacts with landfill components . This study examined the effect of normal rainfall and heavy rainfall events on the leaching behavior of ions Cl,This study examined the effect of normal rainfall and heavy rainfall events on the leaching behavior of ions Cl In Japan approximately 64 of municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash is landfilled . Because landfills in Japan are operated without capping the landfill body is directly exposed to climatic events .390389,The uncertainty arising from laboratory sampling can compromise the accuracy of analytical results in highly inherent heterogeneous materials such as solid waste . Here we aim at advancing our fundamental understanding on the possibility for relatively unbiased yet affordable and practicable sub sampling benefiting from state of the art equipment theoretical calculations by the theory of sampling and implementation of best sub sampling practices . Solid recovered fuel was selected as a case of a solid waste sample with intermediate heterogeneity and chlorine as an analyte with intermediate variability amongst waste properties . ToS nomographs were constructed for different sample preparation scenarios presenting the trend of uncertainty during sub sampling . Nomographs showed that primary shredding final d,ToS nomographs were constructed for different sample preparation scenarios presenting the trend of uncertainty during sub sampling . Here we aim at advancing our fundamental understanding on the possibility for relatively unbiased yet affordable and practicable sub sampling benefiting from state of the art equipment theoretical calculations by the theory of sampling and implementation of best sub sampling practices . Solid recovered fuel was selected as a case of a solid waste sample with intermediate heterogeneity and chlorine as an analyte with intermediate variability amongst waste properties .391390,Current studies on the food energy water nexus do not capture effects on human health . This study presents a new methodology for assessing the environmental sustainability in the food energy water health nexus on a life cycle basis . The environmental impacts estimated through life cycle assessment are used to determine a total impact on the nexus by assigning each life cycle impact to one of the four nexus aspects . These are then normalised weighted and aggregated to rank the options for each aspect and determine an overall nexus impact . The outputs of the assessment are visualised in a nexus quadrilateral to enable structured and transparent interpretation of results . The methodology is illustrated by considering resource recovery from household food waste within the context of a circular economy . The impact on the nexus of four treatment options is quantified anaerobic digestion in vessel composting incineration and landfilling . Anaerobic digestion is environmentally the most sustainable option with the lowest overall impact on the nexus . Incineration is the second best option but has a greater impact on the health aspect than landfilling . Landfilling has the greatest influence on the water aspect and the second highest overall impact on the nexus . In vessel composting is the worst option overall despite being favoured over incineration and landfilling in circular economy waste hierarchies . This demonstrates that circular does not necessarily mean environmentally sustainable . The proposed methodology can be used to guide businesses and policy makers in interpreting a wide range of environmental impacts of products technologies and human activities within the food energy water health nexus .,The proposed methodology can be used to guide businesses and policy makers in interpreting a wide range of environmental impacts of products technologies and human activities within the food energy water health nexus . The impact on the nexus of four treatment options is quantified anaerobic digestion in vessel composting incineration and landfilling . The outputs of the assessment are visualised in a nexus quadrilateral to enable structured and transparent interpretation of results .392391,Optimization of anaerobic digestion poses many practical constraints . Therefore a new approach was developed by integrating mathematical modeling and desirability analysis to determine optimum amounts of input factors . For this purpose different proportions of co digestion and pretreatments NaOH and H,Therefore a new approach was developed by integrating mathematical modeling and desirability analysis to determine optimum amounts of input factors . For this purpose different proportions of co digestion and pretreatments NaOH and H Optimization of anaerobic digestion poses many practical constraints .393392,Olive mill solid waste is an abundant agricultural waste without viable solution . The effects of OMSW different pretreatments different additives and utilization of different saccharification enzymes were tested on saccharification process and sugar release and on fermentation inhibitors formation and ethanol production . Microwave treatment with formic acid resulted in highest saccharification rates and fermentation yields although loss of sugars and fermentation inhibitors production was notable . Microwave with water treatment resulted in less saccharification and ethanol . To facilitate economical process and to extract maximum value solid remnants after saccharification were tested as heavy metal sorbent . Microwave with water resulted in the best sorbent followed by microwave with formic acid . Addition of sulfuric acid to either microwave or autoclave resulted in very poor saccharification and absorbance capacity . Therefore combination of ethanol and sorbent production from OMSW are suggested .,Microwave with water resulted in the best sorbent followed by microwave with formic acid . The effects of OMSW different pretreatments different additives and utilization of different saccharification enzymes were tested on saccharification process and sugar release and on fermentation inhibitors formation and ethanol production . Microwave treatment with formic acid resulted in highest saccharification rates and fermentation yields although loss of sugars and fermentation inhibitors production was notable .394393,A process for the valorization of citrus peel waste has been developed aiming to produce succinic acid and a series of added value products through the biorefinery platform . CPW was subject to physicochemical and biological treatment to isolate essential oils and pectin as extractable products pretreating the material for subsequent production of succinic acid that enabled application of remaining biorefinery residues as fertilizer substitute . Cellulose hemicellulose and lignin contents of CPW accounted for 22.45 8.05 and 0.66 respectively while acid hydrolysis reduced hemicellulose by 3.42 in BR . Moreover essential oils extracted from CPW included 17 compounds among which D limonene reached 96.7 . The hydrolyzate generated was fermented for succinic acid production using,The hydrolyzate generated was fermented for succinic acid production using A process for the valorization of citrus peel waste has been developed aiming to produce succinic acid and a series of added value products through the biorefinery platform . CPW was subject to physicochemical and biological treatment to isolate essential oils and pectin as extractable products pretreating the material for subsequent production of succinic acid that enabled application of remaining biorefinery residues as fertilizer substitute .395394,Neem leaves possess antimicrobial insecticidal and nitrification inhibitory biochemicals that may influence compost stability . However if neem based compost achieves stability it can prove useful by providing fertilizer cum pesticide properties . Therefore conventional thermogravimetric and spectroscopic analyses FTIR and,Neem leaves possess antimicrobial insecticidal and nitrification inhibitory biochemicals that may influence compost stability . Therefore conventional thermogravimetric and spectroscopic analyses FTIR and However if neem based compost achieves stability it can prove useful by providing fertilizer cum pesticide properties .396395,This study provides Sri Lanka wide empirical evidence on trends and determinants of waste disposal mechanisms at household level over the past decade from 2007 to 2016 . The study uses the data of 60 820 households from three waves of the Sri Lanka income and expenditure survey and estimates a multinomial logistic regression model . The descriptive statistics show that though Sri Lankan households predominantly burn waste there is an emerging trend of shifting the main mechanism more towards waste collection arrangements .,The study uses the data of 60 820 households from three waves of the Sri Lanka income and expenditure survey and estimates a multinomial logistic regression model . The descriptive statistics show that though Sri Lankan households predominantly burn waste there is an emerging trend of shifting the main mechanism more towards waste collection arrangements . This study provides Sri Lanka wide empirical evidence on trends and determinants of waste disposal mechanisms at household level over the past decade from 2007 to 2016 .397396,This paper contributes to the knowledge on waste biomass conversion processes occurring in the presence of hot compressed water . The experimental procedure detailed herein assesses different process schemes based on the low temperature reaction known as hydrothermal carbonization . The performances of two lab scale reactor configurations with and without a downstream flash expansion step were evaluated and compared . Each setup was tested with six different types of waste biomass . Fir beech and olive prunings are representative of lignocellulosic raw materials while potato pea and carrot are representative of non lignocellulosic wastes from processing in the local agro food industry . The batch reactions were carried out for up to 120min . The hydrochars were characterized by elemental composition humidity heating value and mass and energy yields . The extent of difference between the results obtained for the two procedures varied significantly with the material treated . At a residence time of 30min the solid yields increased due to expansion ranging from 10 to 36 for lignocellulosic material and 50 to 220 for agro food industry scraps . The downstream flash expansion step causes an increase of the solid yields especially for hydrochars from lignocellulosic materials leading to higher energy recovered compared to the configuration without expansion . Lignocellulosic and agro food wastes behaved dissimilarly likely because of different hydrothermal reaction pathways . The additional expansion step can considerably increase the efficiency of energy recovery in full scale plants the extent of which depends on the biomass waste substrate used .,This paper contributes to the knowledge on waste biomass conversion processes occurring in the presence of hot compressed water . The extent of difference between the results obtained for the two procedures varied significantly with the material treated . The performances of two lab scale reactor configurations with and without a downstream flash expansion step were evaluated and compared .398397,Horizontal spacing of horizontal extraction gas wells can be designed to achieve a 90 pumping rate of the total generated landfill gas from given waste properties cover characteristics and vacuum pressure . However cover characteristics and vacuum pressure are also important design parameters and different combinations of them result in different distributions of gas pressure in the waste some of which would induce problematic air intrusion while others might pose threat to cover stability . This paper uses the maximum gas pressure directly below cover to distinguish these combinations and provides the first study of the effects of the above parameters on potential outcomes . The ability of the overlying cover to resist LFG emission from the landfilled waste is suggested not to exceed a critical value otherwise the maximum gas pressure below it would become at least 1kPa larger than atmospheric pressure . A design formula for this critical value is proposed with respect to typical values of waste properties vacuum pressure and the buried depth of horizontal wells in wide ranges . Together with consideration of recovery efficiency the proposed method can be used to design a horizontal extraction gas collection system and a cover system in better working condition and to evaluate the maximum gas pressure below cover . These applications are illustrated by a worked example .,Together with consideration of recovery efficiency the proposed method can be used to design a horizontal extraction gas collection system and a cover system in better working condition and to evaluate the maximum gas pressure below cover . A design formula for this critical value is proposed with respect to typical values of waste properties vacuum pressure and the buried depth of horizontal wells in wide ranges . This paper uses the maximum gas pressure directly below cover to distinguish these combinations and provides the first study of the effects of the above parameters on potential outcomes .399398,In the current scenario used paper cups are disposed of without any proper treatment thereby damaging the environment . Hence the vermicomposting technique is preferred for managing these wastes . The ability of bacterial strains on cellulase enzyme production at altered pH and temperatures were focused in this study . Among nine bacterial strains,In the current scenario used paper cups are disposed of without any proper treatment thereby damaging the environment . The ability of bacterial strains on cellulase enzyme production at altered pH and temperatures were focused in this study . Hence the vermicomposting technique is preferred for managing these wastes .400399,Waste management and recycling are fundamental issues for policy makers to protect the environment . Although these topics have been broadly studied at country level studies addressing sub national units are still limited . This research aims to contribute to this field by analyzing the waste generation and recycling processes across the Portuguese municipalities during the period 20092018 . The paper assesses the decoupling hypothesis consistent with the environmental Kuznets curve advocating that a threshold of development is reached and afterwards environmental degradation declines through less waste production and higher recycling rates . To address this hypothesis the waste generation and recycling equations are estimated using as fundamentals the total production activity and by sector the population age structure and population density as proxy for the degree of urbanization . This study also assesses whether the development dichotomy between more and less developed municipalities affects waste and recycling performances and to what extent the fiscal consolidation period influenced these processes . Empirical evidence validates the inverted U shaped relationship between municipal waste generation and overall production per head the U shaped relationship between recycling and waste generation as well as between recycling and the share of the tertiary sector . The municipal production structure is shown to be important for explaining waste generation and recycling behavior in contrast to population age structure that only differentiates recycling performance . It is also shown that the fiscal consolidation period affected positively the waste and recycling processes while population density and the development dichotomy are not relevant factors for explaining differences in waste generation and recycling activities across the Portuguese municipalities .,The paper assesses the decoupling hypothesis consistent with the environmental Kuznets curve advocating that a threshold of development is reached and afterwards environmental degradation declines through less waste production and higher recycling rates . Empirical evidence validates the inverted U shaped relationship between municipal waste generation and overall production per head the U shaped relationship between recycling and waste generation as well as between recycling and the share of the tertiary sector . It is also shown that the fiscal consolidation period affected positively the waste and recycling processes while population density and the development dichotomy are not relevant factors for explaining differences in waste generation and recycling activities across the Portuguese municipalities .401400,Flood waste management is important for reducing the damage and secondary environmental pollution caused by delays in disaster recovery . One key issue related to flood waste management concerns estimating the precise quantity of waste to plan recovery strategies and policies . In this study an advanced flood waste estimation technique was devised using data stratification . In total 90 flood cases in South Korea were sorted by three strata characteristics administrative region urbanization rate and disaster type and coastal accessibility . According to the results such data stratification led to flood waste prediction improvement not only by the single stage stratification but also by successive stratifications . Data stratification was effective both for identifying groups with similar contexts and for eliminating disparities in the dataset that impede accurate waste prediction . Among the stratification sequences tested the order resulted in the most improvement in flood waste prediction was UR AR and DC . This stratification order yielded enhanced waste prediction in 74 cases . Since this study deals with a strategy to resolve gaps in disaster data which is a crucial issue in many countries it is envisaged that this strategy can be transferred to other countries .,Among the stratification sequences tested the order resulted in the most improvement in flood waste prediction was UR AR and DC . One key issue related to flood waste management concerns estimating the precise quantity of waste to plan recovery strategies and policies . Data stratification was effective both for identifying groups with similar contexts and for eliminating disparities in the dataset that impede accurate waste prediction .402401,The European Union is aiming at a circular economy and increased resource efficiency which requires a waste management at the end of life of products . This is especially challenging for new and innovative products for which no recycling infrastructure exists so far . Wind power plants are such a product for which large amounts of waste are expected within the next years as more and more plants reach their end of life . Especially the end of life rotor blades of wind power plants pose challenges with regard to waste management since treatment options for the installed glass and carbon fiber reinforced plastics are still in a development stage . Moreover material specific characteristics and technical aspects require separate treatment of these materials . To plan efficient treatment infrastructure detailed knowledge on future waste streams is required . Against this background this paper aims at estimating the mass of glass and carbon fiber reinforced plastic waste from rotor blades . To do so we derive material specific weight functions and material specific shares to calculate the amount of installed glass and carbon fiber reinforced plastics in rotor blades . We apply normally distributed lifetimes to project the calculated installed masses into the future and account for uncertainties within a simulation study . The estimation model is applied to a dataset of wind power plants within the European Union . Based on the considered dataset we estimate that 570 of fiber reinforced plastic waste will occur between 2020 and 2030 in the European Union of which 18 are carbon fiber reinforced plastic waste .,Against this background this paper aims at estimating the mass of glass and carbon fiber reinforced plastic waste from rotor blades . The estimation model is applied to a dataset of wind power plants within the European Union . We apply normally distributed lifetimes to project the calculated installed masses into the future and account for uncertainties within a simulation study .403402,Nowadays municipal solid waste has become a vital part of the economy both as an output of human activities and as an input in the economy through material or energy recovery . Education has been shown to be closely related to the amount of MSW generated . The present research uses panel data obtained for 25 world counties for the years 19952016 and the examined variables include MSW Gross Domestic Product and education level . Through econometric methods the present paper accounts for the presence of cross section dependence and uses appropriate panel unit root tests to discover feasible cointegrated relationships . Also it strongly accounts for the interdependence between MSW economic growth and education level . Based on these the validity of the Waste Kuznets Curve hypothesis is redefined . Specifically an inverted U shape relationship is observed both in the static and dynamic analyses for MSW . The calculated turning points although quite high they are in all cases within the sample . In all specifications the sign of education level is negative as expected . Therefore it is shown that education can act as an effective tool to enhance pro environmental behaviour leading in turn to lower MSW arisings .,Specifically an inverted U shape relationship is observed both in the static and dynamic analyses for MSW . Through econometric methods the present paper accounts for the presence of cross section dependence and uses appropriate panel unit root tests to discover feasible cointegrated relationships . Based on these the validity of the Waste Kuznets Curve hypothesis is redefined .404403,An environmentally benign leaching process for recovering valuable metals from the cathodes of spent lithium ion batteries was developed . Glucose oxidase produced by,An environmentally benign leaching process for recovering valuable metals from the cathodes of spent lithium ion batteries was developed . Glucose oxidase produced by405404,Dry anaerobic digestion has advantages over wet AD in treating high solid organic wastes like livestock and food wastes but an elevated total solids content would affect the AD performances . In this study methane production of digesters co digesting pig manure and food waste at different TS contents R,In this study methane production of digesters co digesting pig manure and food waste at different TS contents R Dry anaerobic digestion has advantages over wet AD in treating high solid organic wastes like livestock and food wastes but an elevated total solids content would affect the AD performances .406405,Spent liquid crystal displays are a secondary source of precious strategic metals including indium . The present study involved optimizing the solubilization of this strategic element from samples of indium tin oxide glass prepared from LCD screens of computer monitors and laptop screens . The influence of operating conditions on In solubilization as well as optimum conditions for sulfuric acid leaching were defined by a BoxBehnken type experimental design methodology . Optimum operating conditions include a leaching step for 30min at a temperature of 70C in the presence of 0.4N H,Optimum operating conditions include a leaching step for 30min at a temperature of 70C in the presence of 0.4N H The influence of operating conditions on In solubilization as well as optimum conditions for sulfuric acid leaching were defined by a BoxBehnken type experimental design methodology . The present study involved optimizing the solubilization of this strategic element from samples of indium tin oxide glass prepared from LCD screens of computer monitors and laptop screens .407406,This study assessed the digester stability and overall methane production of co digestion of sewage sludge and pig manure . Four different ratios of PM were mixed with SS to reach different final concentrations of total solids i.e . 4 6 8 and 10 . Volatile solids reduction rate decreased along with an increase in TS and the maximum cumulative methane yield of 342mL g VS,Volatile solids reduction rate decreased along with an increase in TS and the maximum cumulative methane yield of 342mL g VS This study assessed the digester stability and overall methane production of co digestion of sewage sludge and pig manure . Four different ratios of PM were mixed with SS to reach different final concentrations of total solids i.e .408407,Municipal solid waste management is an important but complex logistical problem . The deployment of MSW management systems is hindered by the ever growing generation of waste and the often insufficient infrastructure to manage process and dispose of waste . This paper presents a coordinated framework for complex MSW management systems . The framework accommodates multiple key stakeholders in MSW systems such as suppliers of waste consumers of waste and derived products and providers of transportation and processing services . Here the stakeholders submit bids to a coordinator that solves an optimization problem to determine allocations and clearing prices that maximize the collective profit for all stakeholders and that balance supply and demand for waste and products . Furthermore the clearing process guarantees that the individual profits are non negative . Notably the framework operates as a competitive market that accelerates transactions between stakeholders and that handles complex logistical constraints that would be difficult to handle in peer to peer transactions . The framework also facilitates the integration of policy incentives and the monetization of environmental impacts . In this regard we evaluate a tax applied to open dump disposal . To illustrate the applicability an MSW system in Mexico was analyzed as a case study . Results reveal that taxation can be used to incentivize the provision of services for all stakeholders . Specifically we found that an appropriate tax can completely avoid disposal in open dumps . A tax of 5.1 USD tonne was identified as the minimum penalization that avoids diverting waste to open dumps .,This paper presents a coordinated framework for complex MSW management systems . Results reveal that taxation can be used to incentivize the provision of services for all stakeholders . The framework also facilitates the integration of policy incentives and the monetization of environmental impacts .409408,Recycling of spent lithium ion batteries has drawn considerable attention in recent years as an economic solution to the resource shortage . Selective ammonia leaching is recognized as an economical and environment friendly method yet it is difficult to separate and reuse the valuable metals from the leachate . In this study we proposed an NH,In this study we proposed an NH Selective ammonia leaching is recognized as an economical and environment friendly method yet it is difficult to separate and reuse the valuable metals from the leachate . Recycling of spent lithium ion batteries has drawn considerable attention in recent years as an economic solution to the resource shortage .410409,The concept of biorefinery expands the possibilities to extract value from organic matter in form of either bespoke crops or organic waste . The viability of biorefinery schemes depends on the recovery of higher value chemicals with potential for a wide distribution and an untapped marketability . The feasibility of biorefining organic waste is enhanced by the fact that the biorefinery will typically receive a waste management fee for accepting organic waste . The development and implementation of waste biorefinery concepts can open up a wide array of possibilities to shift waste management towards higher sustainability . However barriers encompassing environmental technical economic logistic social and legislative aspects need to be overcome . For instance waste biorefineries are likely to be complex systems due to the variability heterogeneity and low purity of waste materials as opposed to dedicated biomasses . This article discusses the drivers that can make the biorefinery concept applicable to waste management and the possibilities for its development to full scale . Technological strategic and market constraints affect the successful implementations of these systems . Fluctuations in waste characteristics the level of contamination in the organic waste fraction the proximity of the organic waste resource the markets for the biorefinery products the potential for integration with other industrial processes and disposal of final residues are all critical aspects requiring detailed analysis . Furthermore interventions from policy makers are necessary to foster sustainable bio based solutions for waste management .,The viability of biorefinery schemes depends on the recovery of higher value chemicals with potential for a wide distribution and an untapped marketability . Technological strategic and market constraints affect the successful implementations of these systems . Fluctuations in waste characteristics the level of contamination in the organic waste fraction the proximity of the organic waste resource the markets for the biorefinery products the potential for integration with other industrial processes and disposal of final residues are all critical aspects requiring detailed analysis .411410,The aim of this study was to investigate the efficiency of removal of difficult to biodegrade organic compounds from real stabilized landfill leachate with a membrane process alone and in combination with powdered activated carbon adsorption . For filtration ceramic membranes were used . The characteristics of the raw leachate were 788mg COD L and color of 0.4458cm,The aim of this study was to investigate the efficiency of removal of difficult to biodegrade organic compounds from real stabilized landfill leachate with a membrane process alone and in combination with powdered activated carbon adsorption . The characteristics of the raw leachate were 788mg COD L and color of 0.4458cm For filtration ceramic membranes were used .412411,Reducing food waste is necessary for achieving healthy diets and sustainable food systems due to its negative impacts on resource conservation food security and environmental social and economic costs . This paper aim is to quantify the amount and types of food that is wasted by the consumers in different restaurant configurations . The second aim is to understand the reasons which lead them to waste food and the greenhouse gas emissions associated with the waste . To fulfil the aims a mixed methodology was used including primary data collection in restaurants for the quantification of food waste interviewing consumers and staff along with calculating the environmental impact from the waste using life cycle assessment . The results show that different incentives and levels of interaction in consumers choice of food types exert influence on plate food waste . When incentive and interaction are low the amount of food waste is larger . It is the case of a la carte restaurants . The best performance in the restaurant categories was when both incentive and level of interaction were higher . Buffet where the consumers pay by weight therefore is the configuration that generates less food waste on the consumer s plate . The main wasted products are rice and beans followed by beef and then other carbohydrates . The life cycle assessment indicated a carbon footprint varying from 128 to 324g CO,This paper aim is to quantify the amount and types of food that is wasted by the consumers in different restaurant configurations . The best performance in the restaurant categories was when both incentive and level of interaction were higher . The results show that different incentives and levels of interaction in consumers choice of food types exert influence on plate food waste .413412,Life Cycle Assessment is a widespread tool used to guide decision makers towards optimal strategic choices for sustainable growth . A key aspect of LCA studies of waste management systems where recycling activities are present is to account for resource recovery and the related substitution effects . Although multiple scientific papers assume a 1 1 substitution ratio between similar materials products this is often incorrect as the actual ratio is likely to vary . The focus of this paper is on the calculation of the substitutability coefficient for secondary materials based on technical characteristics . A state of the art literature review showed that many different calculation procedures were applied which led to a wide variety of substitutability coefficients . In this perspective the objective of this paper is to provide guidelines on the procedure to be followed to calculate the substitutability coefficient for secondary materials based on technical characteristics . These guidelines are then applied to two waste management case studies one dealing with bottom ashes from incineration and the other with plastic waste . In total sixteen technical substitutability coefficients are given for ten secondary materials based on state of the art and presented case studies . The paper thus represents a step forward in quantifying the substitutability of secondary materials in waste management LCA studies . The guidelines presented may allow other case studies to enrich the list of coefficients useful for all LCA practitioners in a harmonized way allowing a more correct evaluation of the environmental impacts associated with recycling activities .,The focus of this paper is on the calculation of the substitutability coefficient for secondary materials based on technical characteristics . In this perspective the objective of this paper is to provide guidelines on the procedure to be followed to calculate the substitutability coefficient for secondary materials based on technical characteristics . The paper thus represents a step forward in quantifying the substitutability of secondary materials in waste management LCA studies .414413,Due to the growing concerns about the increasing release of consumer products to the environment especially for defective electronic products the management of the closed loop supply chain is emerging . To do this a chain consisting of a manufacturer a retailer and a collector is offered in a manufacturer led Stackelberg game . Due to the presenting of some concepts in the model which are provided by considering two categories of customers for primary and secondary goods it is suitable for electronics supply chains . In order to coordinate between the members of the chain a hierarchical revenue sharing contract is introduced which is suitable for some members of the chain where operate as a holding company . In the following some numerical examples are applied to examine the applicability of the proposed models . The results of the sensitivity analysis on the main parameters of the problem indicate an increase in the profitability of all members in the coordination contract compared to the decentralized mode . Furthermore customer sensitivity to price and quality has also inverse and direct impact to members profitability respectively . Each of the analyzes provides some in depth managerial implications that can be considered for future research . Finally another research result will explain the increase in the amount of return defective goods by the customer in the contract mode .,In the following some numerical examples are applied to examine the applicability of the proposed models . Finally another research result will explain the increase in the amount of return defective goods by the customer in the contract mode . The results of the sensitivity analysis on the main parameters of the problem indicate an increase in the profitability of all members in the coordination contract compared to the decentralized mode .415414,Municipalities have been facing problems to keep the management of their municipal solid waste in financial balance . Increasing public awareness stricter legislation and large generation of MSW have led to high costs concerning related services . Therefore cities are starting to charge their citizens for the services provision and methods utilized vary significantly . They can range from a flat rate to the so named pay as you throw a proportional system in which the total amount varies according to the waste generated individually . In a scenario of little information regarding charging systems this research consulted academic material official websites and documents of the studied countries as well as national legislation in order to learn how countries with different characteristics charge their citizens for MSW management . It was observed a great variation in charging systems and prices usually the more developed a country is the more sophisticated it is in terms of charging schemes . Developed countries are ahead in terms of not only charging systems existence but also their type with a larger PAYT presence throughout their territories . Developing countries on the other hand still do not charge and or are struggling to universalize the charging since most municipalities still finance the service through general taxes . When utilized the charging method usually chosen is the flat rate for its simplicity of calculation and understanding . For improvements in charging systems it is necessary not only the presence of a legal framework but most importantly a greater maturity regarding SW management .,It was observed a great variation in charging systems and prices usually the more developed a country is the more sophisticated it is in terms of charging schemes . When utilized the charging method usually chosen is the flat rate for its simplicity of calculation and understanding . For improvements in charging systems it is necessary not only the presence of a legal framework but most importantly a greater maturity regarding SW management .416415,Despite the growing interest of the automotive industry in using recycled polymers their undesired odor is limiting their application in vehicles interior components . To get deeper insights into its causes this study aimed at characterizing the odor of post consumer and recycled automotive polypropylene with different contents of talc and an anti fogging additive . Samples were evaluated by different sensory methods currently applied by the automotive industry which confirmed that they are not feasible for reuse in interior automotive applications . As these odor evaluations are usually performed by non trained panelists and do not allow a detailed description of the samples single odor qualities sensory evaluation according to ISO 13299 was performed by trained panelists . Samples showed mediumhigh odor intensities rated from 5.1 to 5.6 and a general dislike of the odor with hedonic ratings from 1.8 to 2.6 . Their odor profiles correlated well with the odorants identified by chemo analytical characterization using gas chromatographyolfactometry and two dimensional GC O coupled with mass spectrometry . An array of odorants with benzene and phenolic structures were identified as potential contributors to the samples overall smell and are likely to originate from degradation of additives commonly used in automotive components . While the addition of talc or anti fogging additive did not significantly improve the odor of the samples the description of the samples smell and the identification of odor active compounds related to it allow the development of avoidance strategies for the manufacturing of neutral smelling products intended for vehicles interior applications .,While the addition of talc or anti fogging additive did not significantly improve the odor of the samples the description of the samples smell and the identification of odor active compounds related to it allow the development of avoidance strategies for the manufacturing of neutral smelling products intended for vehicles interior applications . Their odor profiles correlated well with the odorants identified by chemo analytical characterization using gas chromatographyolfactometry and two dimensional GC O coupled with mass spectrometry . Despite the growing interest of the automotive industry in using recycled polymers their undesired odor is limiting their application in vehicles interior components .417416,Technology for the transformation of waste feathers to quality regenerated filaments has been developed . Regardless of superior properties of natural keratin materials previously developed regenerated materials from keratin had tensile properties much lower than their natural counterparts due to backbone hydrolysis and inefficient reconstruction of disulfide crosslinkages . In this work tough keratin filaments have been regenerated from white duck feathers via efficient restoration of disulfide crosslinkages using a dithiol reducing agent . Dithiol substantially reserves free thiol groups in the extraction and formed lengthy intermolecular crosslinkages in regenerated keratin filaments . Due to the high degree of intermolecular reconstruction of disulfide bonds and formation of lengthy crosslinkages via dithiol chain extension the keratin filaments exhibited considerable improvements in mechanical properties especially for ductility and water stability . The tenacity and elongation at break were 160.7MPa and 14 respectively . The filaments retained about 80 of the tenacity of natural feathers at either dry or wet conditions and demonstrated stretchability 150 higher than natural feathers . The fiber regeneration technology makes it possible to substitute primary fiber sources by renewable poultry feathers . Successful filament substitution or addition can bring more than 88 billion dollar revenue . The technology not only contributes to a sustainable fiber and poultry industry but adds substantial values to poultry feathers .,The tenacity and elongation at break were 160.7MPa and 14 respectively . Due to the high degree of intermolecular reconstruction of disulfide bonds and formation of lengthy crosslinkages via dithiol chain extension the keratin filaments exhibited considerable improvements in mechanical properties especially for ductility and water stability . The fiber regeneration technology makes it possible to substitute primary fiber sources by renewable poultry feathers .418417,Safe disposal of the sludge generated from sewage treatment plant is a major challenge worldwide . Hydrothermal carbonization is considered a potential pretreatment alternative for sewage sludge to facilitate the improved resource recovery . In the present study the mixed centrifuged sewage sludge was subjected to the HTC pretreatment to determine characteristics of the solid hydrochar and liquid fraction with a purpose of energy recovery and extraction of value added compounds respectively . HTC was performed in a high pressure batch reactor at 200C temperature for 18h duration . The HC produced after HTC resembled with the low quality peat coal whereas the LF contained value added chemicals such as humic acid and phosphate phosphorous PO,In the present study the mixed centrifuged sewage sludge was subjected to the HTC pretreatment to determine characteristics of the solid hydrochar and liquid fraction with a purpose of energy recovery and extraction of value added compounds respectively . Hydrothermal carbonization is considered a potential pretreatment alternative for sewage sludge to facilitate the improved resource recovery . Safe disposal of the sludge generated from sewage treatment plant is a major challenge worldwide .419418,This study proposes a design of a household waste collection system based on a two stage procedure . First the bin location allocation problem is solved by selecting collection sites from a set of potential sites and determining the type and number of bins at each selected collection site . Second bin to bin waste collection routes are obtained for a fleet of homogeneous vehicles that are restricted by either work shift duration or vehicle capacity . Mixed integer linear programming models are proposed for both stages considering the particular characteristics of the problem . The models are applied to a real world instance in the commune of Renca in Santiago Chile . The results of first stage indicate an important preference for small bins since they have a lower unitary cost . Due to the large size of the real instance a Large Neighborhood Search heuristic is used in the second stage to find good feasible vehicle routing solutions in a reasonable period of time . The results for the routing phase suggest a larger number of routes in the morning work shift since these routes have shorter distances . The LNS heuristic presents a satisfactory behavior when compared to the MILP model with small instances . The proposed bin to bin household waste collection vehicle routing presents a more efficient solution than the existing door to door waste collection in the commune of Renca with respect to the total daily traveled distance and the average work shift duration . Finally a sensitivity analysis is presented and discussed for both models .,Mixed integer linear programming models are proposed for both stages considering the particular characteristics of the problem . The LNS heuristic presents a satisfactory behavior when compared to the MILP model with small instances . The models are applied to a real world instance in the commune of Renca in Santiago Chile .420419,Controversies on food delivery services environmental impacts have been sparked due to the growth of this economic sector . This study focuses on the environmental impacts generated by packaging waste related to urban food delivery services . In particular the Python based web crawling and sample survey methods are used for big data mining and LCA based environmental impacts evaluation and Kernel density analysis methods are combined to determine the positioning trend of food delivery service providers and expansion direction of environmental pollution load in Jing Jin Ji region . Results indicate that food delivery service packages presently account for a very small proportion of municipal solid waste . However this study also evidences that food packaging accounts for 15.7 of the total MSW generated in this region . Even if this growing market sector might have a relatively low impact households lifestyle might affect the results . In terms of consumption quantity plastic bags are the most used packages accounting for 35.08 wooden chopsticks account for 32.21 and plastic boxes account for 27.43 . Among all environmental impact categories resulting from the process of production of packages greenhouse effect is the most distinct one . Paper boxes generate the most serious environmental pollution . The distribution of environmental pollution loads resulting from food delivery service packages positively correlates with the distribution of food delivery service providers in Jing Jin Ji . Shijiazhuang has the highest degree of pollution resulting from food delivery service packages with the interrupt value ratio of 80 followed by Baoding City and Chengde City which have the interrupt value ratios of 65.1 and 48.6 respectively . Finally as bridges between food delivery service providers and consumers food delivery service platforms should improve their environmental protection mechanisms . Meanwhile the government should define a standard concerning food delivery service packages to consolidate the concept of environmental protection in the society to change the ways people consume in order to achieve a harmonious co existence between resource utilization and environmental protection .,Paper boxes generate the most serious environmental pollution . However this study also evidences that food packaging accounts for 15.7 of the total MSW generated in this region . In particular the Python based web crawling and sample survey methods are used for big data mining and LCA based environmental impacts evaluation and Kernel density analysis methods are combined to determine the positioning trend of food delivery service providers and expansion direction of environmental pollution load in Jing Jin Ji region .421420,In recent years a growing number of investigations have examined food waste in the food service sector in which the catering of individual events received little attention . We aimed to contribute to fill this knowledge gap by presenting insights from a case study based on data from 239 event caterings . The case study presents findings about the influences of four variables namely event type season event size and menu prices on buffet leftovers . We used a waste tracking system that allowed kitchen staff to quantify buffet leftovers for 4years from the beginning of 2014 until the end of 2017 . Among the studied variables the event size demonstrated the strongest influence on the generation of buffet leftovers in the case study . Buffet leftovers showed a trend of decreasing quantities relative to the number of guests for increasing event sizes . For instance smaller events with less than 100 participants recorded the highest quantities of approximately 280g of buffet leftovers per guest and larger events of more than 500 participants recorded the lowest quantities of approximately 74g per guest . In addition we found that three food product groups,Among the studied variables the event size demonstrated the strongest influence on the generation of buffet leftovers in the case study . The case study presents findings about the influences of four variables namely event type season event size and menu prices on buffet leftovers . Buffet leftovers showed a trend of decreasing quantities relative to the number of guests for increasing event sizes .422421,Platinum group metals have gained significant interest due to their unique characteristics which make them the main constituents in advanced applications . In this work we introduce new pH dependent optical mesocaptors for the colorimetric monitoring and separation of Au from E waste leach liquors without a preconcentration process . The mesoporous silica nanospheres are fabricated via simple reproducible and low cost procedures . The optical mesocaptor is designed via indirect immobilization of thiazole yellow G and amacid yellow M chromogenic probes onto mesoporous nanostructured scaffolds . The silanol groups in the mesopores of silica surface robustly anchored dilauryl dimethyl ammonium bromide linker to induce the interactions with the TYG and AYM chelates thereby leading to the fashioning of a stable optical mesocaptors without releasing of the chelates throughout adsorption and sensing assays . The finding provides evidence of the capability of the synthesized decorated new nanostructured sensor shows excellent sensitivity toward Au with a limit of detection as low as 1.16g L,In this work we introduce new pH dependent optical mesocaptors for the colorimetric monitoring and separation of Au from E waste leach liquors without a preconcentration process . The finding provides evidence of the capability of the synthesized decorated new nanostructured sensor shows excellent sensitivity toward Au with a limit of detection as low as 1.16g L The silanol groups in the mesopores of silica surface robustly anchored dilauryl dimethyl ammonium bromide linker to induce the interactions with the TYG and AYM chelates thereby leading to the fashioning of a stable optical mesocaptors without releasing of the chelates throughout adsorption and sensing assays .423422,To mitigate the greenhouse gas effect accurate and precise landfill gas prediction models are required for more precise prediction of the amount and recovery time of methane gas from landfills . When the study associates to greenhouse gas emissions problems time series prediction models are of considerable interests in which significant past records of gas data are required . This study is the first to specially impute the missing methane CH,To mitigate the greenhouse gas effect accurate and precise landfill gas prediction models are required for more precise prediction of the amount and recovery time of methane gas from landfills . This study is the first to specially impute the missing methane CH When the study associates to greenhouse gas emissions problems time series prediction models are of considerable interests in which significant past records of gas data are required .424423,Despite pressing attention on construction waste management issues low rates of construction waste reuse and recycling remain a limitation in construction projects . In recent years Building Information Modeling has gained momentum for CWM purposes its data richness visualization and simulation capabilities provide an opportunity to enhance CW R R planning at the project level . In this context this study proposes temporal based algorithms integrated with 4D BIM for the planning of concrete and drywall waste R R throughout construction projects . Two case studies from Central Texas were used for the demonstration of the algorithms and estimates were validated with ground truth data and literature values from different projects in North America . The overarching objective of the proposed algorithms is to streamline estimation and visual planning of CW for on site reuse and off site recycling therefore promoting a more proactive and schedule based CWM plan . In addition the approach improves team communication around CWM goals of the project . Moreover through the use of 4D BIM on site waste reuse opportunities are planned in advance thus improving resource recovery and minimizing waste disposal in landfills .,The overarching objective of the proposed algorithms is to streamline estimation and visual planning of CW for on site reuse and off site recycling therefore promoting a more proactive and schedule based CWM plan . In this context this study proposes temporal based algorithms integrated with 4D BIM for the planning of concrete and drywall waste R R throughout construction projects . In addition the approach improves team communication around CWM goals of the project .425424,Investigations of stabilized solidified sediment by simulated field construction processes are fundamental to evaluating the potential reuse as fill materials . A series of tests were conducted on the samples prepared from S S sediment grains which was obtained by crushing the cement treated sediment . By sampling the SG with different field curing durations and measuring them by unconfined compressive strength tests the effect of t1 on the UCS was investigated . By continually curing the samples prepared from the SG with 28 field curing days in laboratory for an additional 7 28 35 and 70days and subjecting them to UCS and tank leaching tests with different ambient pH values the effect of t2 and ambient pH was evaluated . Increasing t1 and t2 was found to significantly influence the strength of SG which highlights the importance of an appropriate curing period . The releases of the metals in the SG exhibited a strongly pH dependence but less correlation with t2 . Neutral conditions offered the best immobilization capacity for Cu As Cr Ni and Zn exhibited the lowest release at pH 10 the release of Pb decreased moderately with increasing pH . The S S sediment complied with the acceptance criteria in terms of metal release and can be regarded as an environmentally friendly fill material . The results highlight the technical feasibility of stabilized sediment recycling in aquatic environment projects .,By sampling the SG with different field curing durations and measuring them by unconfined compressive strength tests the effect of t1 on the UCS was investigated . The releases of the metals in the SG exhibited a strongly pH dependence but less correlation with t2 . The results highlight the technical feasibility of stabilized sediment recycling in aquatic environment projects .426425,The increase in non separated solid waste is a threat to environmental health . People may be motivated to reduce the destructive effects of waste accumulation in the environment by receiving educational messages and learning the proper methods of waste separation . This study aimed to determine the effect of educational messages on waste separation in dormitory students based on Extended Parallel Process Model . This randomized controlled trial was performed on 320 students categorized into four groups from October to December 2019 . After installing waste separation tags on separate containers three types of messages were presented to encourage and educate waste separation in the following four groups threat messages efficacy messages threat efficacy messages and control group . Data were collected prior to and one week after training by a self reported valid and reliable questionnaire . They were analyzed in SPSS21 . In the efficacy group and threat efficacy group not only the mean scores of perceived threat associated with non segregation and waste accumulation attitude and intention but also the mean score of efficacy and waste separation behavior were improved . In both groups the mean score of perceived barriers for waste separation was lower than the other two groups . Use of efficacy based massages alone or in combination with the threat component was proposed to promote waste separation . No specific study has documented the effectiveness of messages based on EPPM on solid waste separation behaviors . The current study highlighted the effectiveness of using EPPM to promote waste separation behavior in practice not in theory .,In both groups the mean score of perceived barriers for waste separation was lower than the other two groups . This study aimed to determine the effect of educational messages on waste separation in dormitory students based on Extended Parallel Process Model . Use of efficacy based massages alone or in combination with the threat component was proposed to promote waste separation .427426,This paper presents an inventory of sewage sludge ashes generated in the mono incineration plants for municipal sewage sludge in Poland . This research focused on the detailed study of mass flows chemical composition and phosphorus recovery potential . There are currently 11 sludge mono incineration plants operated with a total capacity of 160 300Mg dry weight of sludge annually . Recently a significant increase in the amount of SSA generated in these plants has been observed reaching 26 756Mg in 2018 . Chemical composition of SSA showed significant amounts of the main nutrients calcium phosphorus magnesium and potassium . Additional main elements were iron silicon and aluminium . The main trace elements in the SSA were zinc and copper . Pollutants according to fertilizer regulations of different countries present in Polish SSA were chromium nickel lead and cadmium . The radionuclides uranium and thorium often present in higher amounts in commercial phosphate rock based fertilizers were only detected in SSA at low levels of 49mg kg and 23mg kg respectively . Theoretical phosphorus recovery potential from the SSA was estimated at 1613.8Mg of which 33.9 is bioavailable . Currently in Poland the recommended approach is the production of fertilizers as a result of the extraction of phosphorus from the SSA with its use in the production of secondary mineral fertilizers . Further research in this area is required considering Polish conditions and legislation .,This research focused on the detailed study of mass flows chemical composition and phosphorus recovery potential . Chemical composition of SSA showed significant amounts of the main nutrients calcium phosphorus magnesium and potassium . This paper presents an inventory of sewage sludge ashes generated in the mono incineration plants for municipal sewage sludge in Poland .428427,Bread waste represents a significant part of food waste in Sweden . At the same time the return system established between bakeries and retailers enables a flow of bread waste that is not contaminated with other food waste products . This provides an opportunity for alternative valorisation and waste management options in addition to the most common municipal waste treatment namely anaerobic digestion and incineration . An attributional life cycle assessment of the management of 1kg of surplus bread was conducted to assess the relative environmental impacts of alternative and existing waste management options . Eighteen impact categories were assessed using the ReCiPe methodology . The different management options that were investigated for the surplus bread are donation use as animal feed beer production ethanol production anaerobic digestion and incineration . These results are also compared to reducing the production of bread by the amount of surplus bread . The results support a waste hierarchy where reduction at the source has the highest environmental savings followed by use of surplus bread as animal feed donation for beer production and for ethanol production . Anaerobic digestion and incineration offer the lowest environmental savings particularly in a low impact energy system . The results suggests that Sweden can make use of the established return system to implement environmentally preferred options for the management of surplus bread .,At the same time the return system established between bakeries and retailers enables a flow of bread waste that is not contaminated with other food waste products . The results suggests that Sweden can make use of the established return system to implement environmentally preferred options for the management of surplus bread . An attributional life cycle assessment of the management of 1kg of surplus bread was conducted to assess the relative environmental impacts of alternative and existing waste management options .429428,Tire scrap is a solid waste that can be potentially used as the feedstock for the production of liquid fuels via the thermochemical process such as catalytic pyrolysis . Nevertheless it remains challenging to develop the efficient while cost effective catalyst for the catalytic pyrolysis of tire . In this study the pyrolysis of tire scrap at 500C with the biochar produced from the gasification of poplar wood at 850C were conducted . The biochar catalyst significantly affected the evolution of the volatiles and the char properties while had a slight impact on the yields of the gas tar and char products . The biochar catalyst catalyzes the cracking of limonene a major liquid product in tar to form significantly more propane in gases and alkanes or alkenes in the tar . In addition the interaction between the biochar with the oxygen containing organics promoted the re condensation reaction which increased the oxygen content in the char but the biochar catalyst did not influence the evolution of the aromatics . Additionally the catalytic pyrolysis also makes the biochar catalyst more oxygen deficient and more resistant towards oxidation . Concluding all the results showed that biochar which were produced from the gasification of poplar wood can be a potential catalyst for the pyrolysis of tire .,In addition the interaction between the biochar with the oxygen containing organics promoted the re condensation reaction which increased the oxygen content in the char but the biochar catalyst did not influence the evolution of the aromatics . The biochar catalyst significantly affected the evolution of the volatiles and the char properties while had a slight impact on the yields of the gas tar and char products . In this study the pyrolysis of tire scrap at 500C with the biochar produced from the gasification of poplar wood at 850C were conducted .430429,We present rapid and efficient identification of ten different types of post consumer plastics obtained from a local recycling unit by deploying a low cost compact CCD spectrometer in laser induced breakdown spectroscopy technique . For this investigation spectral emissions were collected by an Echelle spectrograph equipped with an intensified charge coupled device as well as a non gated Czerny Turner CCD spectrometer . The performance is evaluated by interrogating the samples in a single shot as well as accumulation mode . The results from principal component analysis have shown excellent discrimination . Further the artificial neural network analysis has demonstrated that individual identification accuracies rates up to 99 can be achieved . The data acquired with ES ICCD in the accumulation of ten shots have shown average identification accuracies 97 . Nevertheless similar performance is achieved with the NCT CCD spectrometer even in a single shot acquisition which reduces the overall analysis time by a factor of 15 times compared to the ES ICCD . Furthermore the detector collection system size weight and cost also can be reduced by 10 times by employing a NCT CCD spectrometer . The results have the potential in realizing a compact and low cost LIBS system for the rapid identification of plastics with higher accuracies for the real time application .,Furthermore the detector collection system size weight and cost also can be reduced by 10 times by employing a NCT CCD spectrometer . The results have the potential in realizing a compact and low cost LIBS system for the rapid identification of plastics with higher accuracies for the real time application . Nevertheless similar performance is achieved with the NCT CCD spectrometer even in a single shot acquisition which reduces the overall analysis time by a factor of 15 times compared to the ES ICCD .431430,Municipal solid waste is an environmental threat worldwide however the organic fraction of municipal solid waste has a great potential for the generation of fuels and high value products . In the current study OF MSW was utilized for the production of ethanol hydrogen as well as 2 3 butanediol an octane booster by using,In the current study OF MSW was utilized for the production of ethanol hydrogen as well as 2 3 butanediol an octane booster by using Municipal solid waste is an environmental threat worldwide however the organic fraction of municipal solid waste has a great potential for the generation of fuels and high value products .432431,Population growth and unprecedented economic growth and urbanization especially in low and middle income countries coupled with extreme weather patterns the high environmental footprint of agricultural practices and disposal oriented waste management practices require significant changes in the ways we produce food feed and fuel and manage enormous amounts of organic wastes . Farming insects such as the black soldier fly,Population growth and unprecedented economic growth and urbanization especially in low and middle income countries coupled with extreme weather patterns the high environmental footprint of agricultural practices and disposal oriented waste management practices require significant changes in the ways we produce food feed and fuel and manage enormous amounts of organic wastes . Farming insects such as the black soldier fly433432,In recent years anaerobic digestion of organic waste is rapidly appearing as a winning waste management strategy by producing energy and anaerobic digestates that can be used as fertilizers in agricultural soils . In this context the management of the OW treatment process to maximize agro system sustainability satisfying the crop nutrient demands represents the main goal . To investigate these traits two protocols to assess the plant availability of digestate nitrogen and phosphorus were evaluated . With this aim the N and P availability was determined on 8 digestates and 2 types of digestate based compost from different OW via sequential chemical extractions . In addition the digestates were tested in soil incubations and in plant pot tests with Italian ryegrass and compared with chemical fertilizer and a non amended control soil . The N extracted from digestates via SCE was related to soil N mineralization and plant N recovery . The C N ratio had negative impact on mineralized N and its recovery in shoots Shoots,With this aim the N and P availability was determined on 8 digestates and 2 types of digestate based compost from different OW via sequential chemical extractions . In this context the management of the OW treatment process to maximize agro system sustainability satisfying the crop nutrient demands represents the main goal . The C N ratio had negative impact on mineralized N and its recovery in shoots Shoots434433,Integrated gasification combined cycle is a highly efficient method for producing electricity but discharges a byproduct in the form of a glassy slag similar to other electricity generation operations . Several technologies for recycling IGCC slag have been developed thus far although the results obtained are not promising or universally applicable . We quantitatively characterized an IGCC slag by using various testing methods including an automated scanning electron microscopy energy dispersive spectrometry system to recognize its potential for recycling . The IGCC slag did not contain free CaO and the absence of free lime would address a concern of volumetric expansion during hydration . Automated SEM EDS analysis revealed that approximately 98 of the IGCC slag particles consisted of calcium rich aluminosilicate materials . Obvious differences in the concentrations of Si Al and Ca between the amorphous phases and the average chemical bulk were recognized . The chemical composition of the amorphous Si Al Ca phases was similar to that of Class C fly ash while the average bulk composition of the IGCC slag was in between that of Class C and Class F fly ashes . Considering this discrepancy understanding the dissolution mechanism of the reactive amorphous fraction as well as an exact assessment of the reaction products based on the role of Ca in alkali activated materials provides a new approach for the valorization of IGCC slag .,Obvious differences in the concentrations of Si Al and Ca between the amorphous phases and the average chemical bulk were recognized . The chemical composition of the amorphous Si Al Ca phases was similar to that of Class C fly ash while the average bulk composition of the IGCC slag was in between that of Class C and Class F fly ashes . The IGCC slag did not contain free CaO and the absence of free lime would address a concern of volumetric expansion during hydration .435434,Chinas automobile industry is developing rapidly but the recycling rate of end of life vehicles has been low . In 2018 the recovery rate of end of life passenger vehicles was less than 18 of the scrapped amount . Dynamic material flow analysis can predict the amount of end of life passenger cars in China in the future and analyze the flow of materials in recycling system . Life cycle assessment can be used to quantify greenhouse gas emissions . Therefore this paper integrates these two methods into the model construction of recycling decision system . Meanwhile sensitivity analysis of the important factors affecting the efficiency of the recovery system is carried out . Finally the main recovery indexes of the system are predicted under three scenarios low speed medium speed and high speed development which are set based on scrap volume standard recovery rate proportion of assembly into remanufacturing and carbon tax price . The research results show that in 2018 656.9kg vehicle of iron 150.2kg vehicle of aluminum and 7.9kg vehicle of copper are recovered from end of life passenger car in China and the carbon emission during the recovery process is 651.1kg of CO,Therefore this paper integrates these two methods into the model construction of recycling decision system . In 2018 the recovery rate of end of life passenger vehicles was less than 18 of the scrapped amount . The research results show that in 2018 656.9kg vehicle of iron 150.2kg vehicle of aluminum and 7.9kg vehicle of copper are recovered from end of life passenger car in China and the carbon emission during the recovery process is 651.1kg of CO436435,Hydrothermal treatment for dairy manure into value added hydrochar and bio oil is a potential technology for its resource utilization . During the process of treatment extractant is applied to the separation of hydrochar and bio oil . In this study three polar extractants and two nonpolar extractants were used and the physico chemical properties of hydrochar and the composition of bio oil were investigated . Compared with nonpolar extractants polar extractants could extract the bio oil absorbed on the hydrochar exterior and interior surface resulting in more mass loss of hydrochar and better extraction performance on the production of bio oil . The decrease of H C atomic ratio and the increase of O C atomic ratio indicated the demethanation tendency to occur during the extraction process and enhanced the hydrochar stability . The scanning electron microscope and specific surface area analysis revealed that polar extractant had a more positive effect than nonpolar extractant on the occurrence of disperse spherical microparticles and the augment of hydrochar specific surface area . The bio oil from polar extractant mainly consisted of N containing compounds ketones phenols and acids while the bio oil from nonpolar extractant mainly consisted of esters alkanes and aromatics . These results reveal that the hydrochar extracted by polar solvent exerts a greater potential for the production of carbon based material .,Compared with nonpolar extractants polar extractants could extract the bio oil absorbed on the hydrochar exterior and interior surface resulting in more mass loss of hydrochar and better extraction performance on the production of bio oil . In this study three polar extractants and two nonpolar extractants were used and the physico chemical properties of hydrochar and the composition of bio oil were investigated . The decrease of H C atomic ratio and the increase of O C atomic ratio indicated the demethanation tendency to occur during the extraction process and enhanced the hydrochar stability .437436,Methyl mercaptan and dimethyl sulfide are typical landfill odorous gases that have received little attention compared with hydrogen sulfide H,Methyl mercaptan and dimethyl sulfide are typical landfill odorous gases that have received little attention compared with hydrogen sulfide H438437,This study conducted a survey at 15 building construction and demolition sites in Hanoi Vietnam in order to identify waste generation rates composition and current handling practices of construction and demolition waste . Waste quantification based on CDW layout image analysis to identify CDW components and face to face interviews with construction and demolition contractors to reveal CDW flows were performed . WGRs of 79.3kg m,WGRs of 79.3kg m This study conducted a survey at 15 building construction and demolition sites in Hanoi Vietnam in order to identify waste generation rates composition and current handling practices of construction and demolition waste . Waste quantification based on CDW layout image analysis to identify CDW components and face to face interviews with construction and demolition contractors to reveal CDW flows were performed .439438,Steel slags are generally alkaline with a high calcium content and are viewed as a potential feedstock for carbon dioxide sequestration and utilization mostly through aqueous mineral carbonation routes . For recovery of multiple metals such as Ca Fe Mg and Si and generation of value added products by dissolution and precipitation reactions in aqueous media enhancing the metal selectivity and extraction efficiency are important . However there is limited understanding of independent parameters that influence these important characteristics . In this work a systematic attempt was made to correlate these key dissolution characteristics of basic oxygen furnace slag in acidic media with its mineralogical and physical characteristics the changes in aqueous chemistry and the role of potential secondary precipitates . The findings from this study substantiate that steel slag is a potential feedstock because of the calcium being mainly present as orthosilicates which were found to leach congruently without forming a leached layer that might hinder calcium extraction . The leaching of Fe from the slag is the main source of impurity and its slow oxidation precipitation leads to a pH plateau at the end of the dissolution step . Oxidation precipitation of Fe is controlled by hydroxyl concentration in the aqueous solution which necessitates a pH swing step by addition of a base after dissolution . Use of surface complexing agents such as sodium molybdate can significantly reduce iron impurity in the leachate and obtain an iron rich slag residue for recycle to iron and steel industry .,In this work a systematic attempt was made to correlate these key dissolution characteristics of basic oxygen furnace slag in acidic media with its mineralogical and physical characteristics the changes in aqueous chemistry and the role of potential secondary precipitates . The leaching of Fe from the slag is the main source of impurity and its slow oxidation precipitation leads to a pH plateau at the end of the dissolution step . Oxidation precipitation of Fe is controlled by hydroxyl concentration in the aqueous solution which necessitates a pH swing step by addition of a base after dissolution .440439,The Quebec residual materials management policy implies the banning of organic waste disposal or incineration from 2022 onwards . This policy also applies to domestic ship generated organic waste . However little is known about the current state of ship generated organic waste management in the province of Quebec . This study aims to analyse the current situation and propose sustainable strategies for ship generated organic waste valorisation in Quebec . Using the available data it was attempted to estimate ship generated waste quantities in Quebec after which the current practices of domestic ship generated organic waste management in Quebec and Europe were inventoried along with international waste management practices . Five waste valorisation scenarios were then proposed and compared in terms of advantages and disadvantages required equipment and associated costs and revenues . It involves 1 composting on board of the ship 2 centralised composting 3 composting at the port 4 centralised biomethanation and 5 biomethanation at the port . The current available data on ship generated waste quantities in Quebec did however not allow selecting an optimal scenario . The information provided in this short communication can serve as a valuable basis to guide future research efforts and decision making in this regard . Furthermore the current management of international waste was found to be complex and costly although biomethanation of such waste could offer a suitable and more sustainable solution . Finally it was concluded that a good cooperation between ships and ports is crucial to the implementation of any sustainable waste valorisation strategy .,Five waste valorisation scenarios were then proposed and compared in terms of advantages and disadvantages required equipment and associated costs and revenues . Finally it was concluded that a good cooperation between ships and ports is crucial to the implementation of any sustainable waste valorisation strategy . This study aims to analyse the current situation and propose sustainable strategies for ship generated organic waste valorisation in Quebec .441440,Landfill simulation experiments were run at lab scale to compare the effects of intermittent and continuous aeration on the evolution of leachate composition and biogas production . The experiments were carried out using six reactors two of them under continuous aeration two under intermitted aeration and two anaerobic as a control . Different aeration regimes produced different effects on reactors . As expected carbon discharge via biogas was higher in reactors under continuous aeration than under intermittent aeration . The evolution of leachate quality was affected by the aeration regimes however at test end very similar concentration were ascertained for relevant leachate parameters in all aerated reactors .,Landfill simulation experiments were run at lab scale to compare the effects of intermittent and continuous aeration on the evolution of leachate composition and biogas production . The evolution of leachate quality was affected by the aeration regimes however at test end very similar concentration were ascertained for relevant leachate parameters in all aerated reactors . The experiments were carried out using six reactors two of them under continuous aeration two under intermitted aeration and two anaerobic as a control .442441,Thermal hygienization of waste animal by products before anaerobic digestion is imposed by EU regulations in order to minimize its sanitary risk during digestate land application . This process is energy and time consuming . The present paper deals with the hygienization of ABP using pulsed electric field in a continuous system .,The present paper deals with the hygienization of ABP using pulsed electric field in a continuous system . Thermal hygienization of waste animal by products before anaerobic digestion is imposed by EU regulations in order to minimize its sanitary risk during digestate land application . This process is energy and time consuming .443442,Fast pyrolysis offers a promising efficient way for the resourceful disposal of waste tires and heating rate was a key influence factor on products properties . However the heating rates of the widely used experimental apparatus were generally outside the scope of most fast pyrolysis devices . To better guide actual pyrolysis process the present study focused on the effects of high heating rates on products distribution and sulfur transformation during waste tires pyrolysis . And experiments were conducted at temperatures from 425C to 575C by using a self designed photothermal reactor . The results showed that increasing heating rates posed slight effect on the products yields at 425C while obviously decreased char yield by forming more gases at higher temperatures . Moreover high heating rates promoted the fast cracking of tires to form more radical fragments leading to the formation of numerous small molecule H,Fast pyrolysis offers a promising efficient way for the resourceful disposal of waste tires and heating rate was a key influence factor on products properties . To better guide actual pyrolysis process the present study focused on the effects of high heating rates on products distribution and sulfur transformation during waste tires pyrolysis . The results showed that increasing heating rates posed slight effect on the products yields at 425C while obviously decreased char yield by forming more gases at higher temperatures .444443,To study the effects of different ash organics and C H O ratios on bio fuel characteristics and energy efficiency four kinds of sludge with different properties were used for microwave pyrolysis . Moreover the microwave pyrolysis reaction mechanisms of different sludge were also explored . The results showed that high ash sludge could accelerate the frequency of polar molecule rotation in the microwave field due to the presence of oxides with dielectric properties in ash thereby achieving faster heating rates and higher temperatures . However compared with high organic sludge high ash sludge exhibited lower bio gas yield and higher bio char yield . As the H C ratio increased from 0.127 to 0.148 the bio gas yield increased from 15.41 to 40.01 and the content of H,To study the effects of different ash organics and C H O ratios on bio fuel characteristics and energy efficiency four kinds of sludge with different properties were used for microwave pyrolysis . Moreover the microwave pyrolysis reaction mechanisms of different sludge were also explored . The results showed that high ash sludge could accelerate the frequency of polar molecule rotation in the microwave field due to the presence of oxides with dielectric properties in ash thereby achieving faster heating rates and higher temperatures .445444,This research proposed to investigate a possible destination for the cocoa waste as component in the core layer of Medium Density Particleboards and to evaluate the effect of the waste insertion on the physical mechanical properties of the panel . The core layers of the MDPs were composed by different percentages of cocoa wastes in combination with pine wood . The targeted density of the panels was pre established in 0.7gcm,This research proposed to investigate a possible destination for the cocoa waste as component in the core layer of Medium Density Particleboards and to evaluate the effect of the waste insertion on the physical mechanical properties of the panel . The targeted density of the panels was pre established in 0.7gcm The core layers of the MDPs were composed by different percentages of cocoa wastes in combination with pine wood .446445,Relieving from ammonia inhibition and enhancing the utilization of thermodynamically unfavorable propionate are crucial for methane harvest in the high solid anaerobic digestion of ammonia rich swine manure . In this study the potential of dosing zero valent iron for enhancing the methanogenesis to resist total ammonia over 5.0g NL,In this study the potential of dosing zero valent iron for enhancing the methanogenesis to resist total ammonia over 5.0g NL Relieving from ammonia inhibition and enhancing the utilization of thermodynamically unfavorable propionate are crucial for methane harvest in the high solid anaerobic digestion of ammonia rich swine manure .447446,Brazilian municipalities face several difficulties while carrying out the municipal selective waste collection at the same time waste pickers organizations need to overcome many challenges to compete in the waste management market . In order to reach the requirements of the Brazilian National Solid Waste Policy it is necessary to know which factors interfere in the performance of MSWC programs and WPOs to understand the relationships between these factors . The objective of this paper was to evaluate the sustainability of MSWC programs and WPOs in the State of Esprito Santo Brazil and propose a new methodological strategy . For data collection questionnaires were given to municipal civil workers from 24 municipalities and managers of 23 WPOs to calculate sustainability indicators and their correlations . Means and frequencies were calculated to analyze indicators in relation to sustainability peer to peer correlation analyses were performed to the construct graphs that obtained correlation coefficients which were applied to study the normality distribution . For each indicator we provided necessary investments to practical solutions . As a result a methodological proposal was presented to improve their actions which was hierarchized by degrees of temporal urgency for their implementation . The design of the actions has great potential to improve and develop sustainability practices in WPOs and MSWC programs . Due to the low quality of primary data collected we recommend the creation of the data control systems to continuously monitor .,The objective of this paper was to evaluate the sustainability of MSWC programs and WPOs in the State of Esprito Santo Brazil and propose a new methodological strategy . Due to the low quality of primary data collected we recommend the creation of the data control systems to continuously monitor . The design of the actions has great potential to improve and develop sustainability practices in WPOs and MSWC programs .448447,The preparation of lightweight aggregate by high temperature sintering is a promising method for recycling solid waste safely especially for solidifying heavy metals effectively . The main aim of this research was to systematically evaluate the effects of the flux components on LWA including Na,The main aim of this research was to systematically evaluate the effects of the flux components on LWA including Na The preparation of lightweight aggregate by high temperature sintering is a promising method for recycling solid waste safely especially for solidifying heavy metals effectively .449448,The present research focused on evaluating the role of waste fishbone hydroxyapatite in stabilizing heavy metals particularly Pb and Zn in incineration fly ash . Bones were collected from various fish species and processed for batch experiments . A commercial apatite product was also obtained for a comparative analysis . The experiments were performed at fishbone fly ash ratios of 0.0 and 1 10 settling times of 6 12 24 and 672h and W S ratios of 1.0 and 1.5mL g. The highest Pb removal efficiency reached 86.39 at 28days settling periods when the FB HAP dose was only 10 at W S 1.5mL g. FB HAP was found noticeably more effective than Apatite II particularly at shorter settling periods . Stabilization of Zn was efficient at longer settling period using FB HAP . The highest stabilization rate of Zn was 62.67 at W S 1.0mL g. The results indicated that settling time and W S ratio were the most important factors to enhance the stabilization of Pb and Zn in IFA . Utilization of waste fishbone is expected to be a low cost and eco friendly technology .,The experiments were performed at fishbone fly ash ratios of 0.0 and 1 10 settling times of 6 12 24 and 672h and W S ratios of 1.0 and 1.5mL g. The highest Pb removal efficiency reached 86.39 at 28days settling periods when the FB HAP dose was only 10 at W S 1.5mL g. FB HAP was found noticeably more effective than Apatite II particularly at shorter settling periods . The present research focused on evaluating the role of waste fishbone hydroxyapatite in stabilizing heavy metals particularly Pb and Zn in incineration fly ash . The highest stabilization rate of Zn was 62.67 at W S 1.0mL g. The results indicated that settling time and W S ratio were the most important factors to enhance the stabilization of Pb and Zn in IFA .450449,Electronic waste with an annual growth rate of 35 is one of the fastest growing waste streams . The unregulated accumulation and improper recycling can cause grave hazards to human beings and the environment . On the contrary e waste can be considered as a secondary source of metals and energy due to its high metal content and polymeric material . Thus the present study demonstrates technology for the metallic fraction recovery and the production of valuable gases from e waste . The process involves pyrolysis at a temperature range of 200C600C in a fixed bed setup for 1060min . Under optimized operating conditions 35wt combustible gases and 60wt solid product were obtained at a pyrolysis temperature of 400C in 20min . The gaseous product consisted of CH,The process involves pyrolysis at a temperature range of 200C600C in a fixed bed setup for 1060min . Thus the present study demonstrates technology for the metallic fraction recovery and the production of valuable gases from e waste . The gaseous product consisted of CH451450,The management of food waste has been considered an extremely important issue since the 1990s but finding efficient solutions for small and rural communities is still challenging . Anaerobic digestion may provide interesting opportunities in terms of carbon emissions and economic payback in the long term but the choice of the correct technology and the spatial scale requires attention . The focus of this study is on a small rural municipality which is selected as a case study to assess the environmental and economic sustainability of the application of two options for AD and two spatial scales . Both the AD configurations are examined in terms of biogas exploitation through a combined heat and power generator and in combination with a post composting stage of the digestate . From economic and environmental perspectives the consortium scale application of the conventional wet process is expected to generate greater benefits in the long term as it enables 80 more electric energy production and economic revenues savings and avoids carbon emissions . However before selecting the technology decision makers should consider the public acceptance of local communities as the best technical economical solution may not be the most appropriate to specific communities . The methodology developed in this paper and the discussion of the results will inform decision makers about how to identify the most appropriate alternative for their purposes .,The methodology developed in this paper and the discussion of the results will inform decision makers about how to identify the most appropriate alternative for their purposes . Both the AD configurations are examined in terms of biogas exploitation through a combined heat and power generator and in combination with a post composting stage of the digestate . Anaerobic digestion may provide interesting opportunities in terms of carbon emissions and economic payback in the long term but the choice of the correct technology and the spatial scale requires attention .452451,Recycling automotive waste has increasingly become an alternative solution towards producing sustainable materials given the rising issue of raw material shortages and waste management challenges at global level . The improper end of life vehicle waste management poses detrimental impacts on the environment . This paper proposes a novel method to develop thermal insulation sandwich panels using ELV waste motivated by the critical needs of creating high performance thermal insulation for buildings . Six sandwich panels of different weight and ratio of shredded ELV particles were manufactured . The sandwich panels structure was made of three layers a core and a glass face sheet bonded to each side . The core structure composed of Polycarbonate from headlamp lenses and polyurethane from seat bonded using resin casting approach . Thermal conductivity of the samples was measured using guarded hot plate apparatus . Results corroborated that thermal conductivity of ELV based sandwich panels reduced remarkably compared to panel without ELVs recorded at 15.51 reduction . Composition gives the best thermal performance was made of mixed ELV core materials of ratio 50 PC 50 PU it has a thermal conductivity value of 0.1776W mK . The transparency data were obtained using Haze gard plus haze meter . The best luminous transmittance value was exhibited by P2 67.47 . The best clarity value and haze value were shown by P6 55.13 and 52.6 respectively . ELV waste can be recycled to develop useful sustainable thermal insulation to improve thermal and optical transparency performance of buildings as a substitute for conventional materials which have a relevance for future faade concepts .,This paper proposes a novel method to develop thermal insulation sandwich panels using ELV waste motivated by the critical needs of creating high performance thermal insulation for buildings . The improper end of life vehicle waste management poses detrimental impacts on the environment . Thermal conductivity of the samples was measured using guarded hot plate apparatus .453452,There are millions of waste pickers worldwide that are predominantly located in low and middle income countries . They survive on sorting and selling reusable or,There are millions of waste pickers worldwide that are predominantly located in low and middle income countries . They survive on sorting and selling reusable or454453,The Commercial and Industrial waste stream is complex due to the diversity of material generated and variation in businesses by activity and size . Businesses in England generate more waste than households but despite this the C I waste stream has historically been overlooked in waste policy . Many Small and Medium Enterprises do not segregate dry recyclable materials and biowaste for separate collection leading to resources being wasted . Implementing,The Commercial and Industrial waste stream is complex due to the diversity of material generated and variation in businesses by activity and size . Implementing Businesses in England generate more waste than households but despite this the C I waste stream has historically been overlooked in waste policy .455454,Microplastic pollution is ubiquitous and has emerged as a severe global environmental issue . Recent research on microplastic pollution has mainly focused on aquatic ecosystems while knowledge gaps still exist regarding microplastic in terrestrial environments . In this study we established a new method for characterizing microplastic in complex soil substrate using FTIR spectroscopy . Microplastic was separated by density without removing soil organic matter to protect microplastic from damage . The Wizards feature was adopted to automatic direct and continuous characterize micron size plastic . Furthermore 33 soil samples were taken from Guiyu a notorious e waste dismantling area in Guangdong Province China under different land use . The results showed that microplastic was involved in 30 samples and the abundance of microplastic varied considerably among different soils ranged from 0 to 34 100n kg,The results showed that microplastic was involved in 30 samples and the abundance of microplastic varied considerably among different soils ranged from 0 to 34 100n kg In this study we established a new method for characterizing microplastic in complex soil substrate using FTIR spectroscopy . The Wizards feature was adopted to automatic direct and continuous characterize micron size plastic .456455,This research assessed the impact of volatile fatty acids recovery and biomethane potential in an integrated fermentation digestion process with a single stage digestion of primary and rotating belt filtration sludges . Implementing semi continuous fermentation at 1 2 and 4days solids retention time showed a direct impact on the hydrolysis and VFA recovery which increased as SRT increased while also improving the dewaterability by reducing the concentrated sludge volume index of the processed sludge . pH controlled fermentation was effective improving the VFA yields by up to 93 and 72 at pH 9 for RBF and primary sludges respectively although fermentation at pH 6 showed promise for enhancing VFAs while lowering the required chemicals significantly . Although cellulose constituted only 21.0 and 29.5 of the TSS in primary and RBF sludges it contributed 3841 of the methane production for the two sludges respectively . Experimental results of integrated fermentation digestion and single stage digestion processes were incorporated in techno economic analysis . Results confirmed the economic viability of fermentation with payback periods of 2.71.1years and 3.62.7years while also revealed that VFA recovery could save up to 7.22.0 and 7.62.7 of the respective total sludge handling and disposal costs despite an average of 12.7 and 8.4 decrease in biogas production due to VFA extraction in the integrated systems of RBF and primary sludges respectively . Overall the integrated fermentation digestion system economically outperformed the single stage digestion for both sludge types under all studied scenarios .,Results confirmed the economic viability of fermentation with payback periods of 2.71.1years and 3.62.7years while also revealed that VFA recovery could save up to 7.22.0 and 7.62.7 of the respective total sludge handling and disposal costs despite an average of 12.7 and 8.4 decrease in biogas production due to VFA extraction in the integrated systems of RBF and primary sludges respectively . Although cellulose constituted only 21.0 and 29.5 of the TSS in primary and RBF sludges it contributed 3841 of the methane production for the two sludges respectively . pH controlled fermentation was effective improving the VFA yields by up to 93 and 72 at pH 9 for RBF and primary sludges respectively although fermentation at pH 6 showed promise for enhancing VFAs while lowering the required chemicals significantly .457456,With the rapid development of renewable energy the impact on environment and resource caused by waste photovoltaic modules has been realized gradually . To solve the problem recycling becomes an effectual way . Therefore the aim of this paper was to assess the economic feasibility of the photovoltaic modules recycling project in China by using cost benefit analysis . It was found that under the estimated treatment quantity will generate in China in 20202034 the recovery cost per kilowatt of photovoltaic modules will be 25.11 USD the unit benefit is 25.68 USD kW and the unit net benefit is 0.57 USD kW . The net present value and benefit cost ratio are 21.14 million USD and 1.023 . The sensitivity analysis indicated that the sale benefits of recycled materials and tax were the most sensitive factors affecting the project s economy . Finally we proposed ways to improve the economy for the government and related enterprises .,Therefore the aim of this paper was to assess the economic feasibility of the photovoltaic modules recycling project in China by using cost benefit analysis . Finally we proposed ways to improve the economy for the government and related enterprises . The sensitivity analysis indicated that the sale benefits of recycled materials and tax were the most sensitive factors affecting the project s economy .458457,Pneumatic separation was used to separate the valuable current collectors and harmful separators in spent lithium ion batteries to avoid the plastic pollution caused by the separators in this study . Theoretical calculations for suspension velocities of the current collectors and separators indicate that they could be separated under special conditions . Furthermore a special Z shaped pneumatic separator was used to separate the current collectors and separators for the first time . Experiments for manually cut samples indicate that the efficiency of pneumatic separation is approximately 100 with the sizes and airflow velocities in the range of 34cm and 6.967.8m s respectively . Furthermore industrial experiments of pneumatic separation indicate that the recoveries of the current collectors and separators are approximately 99.23 and 98.64 respectively . Computer simulations of the separation process indicate that the turbulence and the changes in high speed zones in the pneumatic separator benefit the separation of current collectors and separators . In conclusion pneumatic separation is a promising technology to separate crushed current collectors and separators .,Computer simulations of the separation process indicate that the turbulence and the changes in high speed zones in the pneumatic separator benefit the separation of current collectors and separators . Experiments for manually cut samples indicate that the efficiency of pneumatic separation is approximately 100 with the sizes and airflow velocities in the range of 34cm and 6.967.8m s respectively . Furthermore industrial experiments of pneumatic separation indicate that the recoveries of the current collectors and separators are approximately 99.23 and 98.64 respectively .459458,The current worldwide expansion of waste PCB deposits represents both a pressing environmental issue and an economic opportunity fostering the development of numerous recycling processes across the world . An important input for designing such processes is the metallic content of WPCBs which is assayed by grinding and leaching samples taken from the stack of WPCBs to be recycled . The content values come with substantial uncertainties arising mainly from the uneven distribution of the metals within the structure of WPCBs .,The content values come with substantial uncertainties arising mainly from the uneven distribution of the metals within the structure of WPCBs . The current worldwide expansion of waste PCB deposits represents both a pressing environmental issue and an economic opportunity fostering the development of numerous recycling processes across the world . An important input for designing such processes is the metallic content of WPCBs which is assayed by grinding and leaching samples taken from the stack of WPCBs to be recycled .460459,Non hazardous industrial waste primarily consisting of manufacturing process residues has long been overlooked in waste reporting regulation and reuse . Limited information about NHIW generation with spatial and sectoral details has impeded the systematization of reuse efforts to move towards a resource efficient economy . In this article we develop a methodological framework that makes the best use of fragmented and limited observational data to infer the confidence intervals of NHIW generation by sector location and year across the United States . The framework decomposes the quantity of NHIW into two factors the activity level and the waste intensity factor . It statistically infers the probability distribution of the waste intensity factor and extrapolates waste tonnages to the entire country . In our demonstrative application of the method we provide an updated estimate for spent foundry sand and find that its total amount in the United States decreased from 2.27.1 million tons in 2004 to 1.44.7 million tons in 2014 . The spatial distribution however was highly uneven with over 90 of the waste generated in 10 of the counties indicating great variations in reuse potentials and benefits among regions . Our methodological framework makes a significant departure from existing estimations that usually rely on averaging limited observations or expert judgments biased by subjectivity . Detailing spatial and sectoral distributions and temporal trends in NHIW generation and reuse benefits our study could inform more systematic strategies on waste and materials management to build a circular economy .,In this article we develop a methodological framework that makes the best use of fragmented and limited observational data to infer the confidence intervals of NHIW generation by sector location and year across the United States . It statistically infers the probability distribution of the waste intensity factor and extrapolates waste tonnages to the entire country . The framework decomposes the quantity of NHIW into two factors the activity level and the waste intensity factor .461460,The present work explored the production of volatile fatty acids through the anaerobic co digestion of sewage sludge and cheese whey . Two batch experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of the substrate mixing ratio and the initial pH on the acidogenic fermentation of SS with CW at different temperatures . The first batch experiment showed that a decrease of the SS proportion in the co digestion with CW led to a higher degree of acidification observing a synergistic effect at a SS CW mixing ratio of 25 75 . In the second batch experiment three temperatures and two initial pH were studied at SS60 CW40 and SS25 CW75 substrate mixing ratios . Maximum degrees of acidification of 56 and 73 were achieved at 50C and initial pH of 5.5 for the SS60 CW40 and SS25 CW75 substrate mixing ratios respectively . Finally the performance of a semi continuous reactor was demonstrated at laboratory scale reactor . Different hydraulic retention times pH and the effect of a thermal pre treatment of the SS was studied . The maximum degree of acidification in the lab scale reactor was 45 at 37C HRT of 20days and pH of 5.5 . Under these conditions the volatile fatty acids profile was dominated by butyric and acetic acids .,Two batch experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of the substrate mixing ratio and the initial pH on the acidogenic fermentation of SS with CW at different temperatures . Different hydraulic retention times pH and the effect of a thermal pre treatment of the SS was studied . The maximum degree of acidification in the lab scale reactor was 45 at 37C HRT of 20days and pH of 5.5 .462461,Packaging waste production especially single use containers is exerting detrimental effects on terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems including human health . To internalise the externalities associated with single use containers different instruments including a deposit refund scheme have been operationalised in many countries . Therefore DRS is introduced in Scotland to reduce plastic litters by increasing recycling rates and incentivising pro environmental behavioural change . This study addresses the complexity of single use plastic containers by analysing consumers perceptions regarding the introduction of DRS in Scotland . Using 940 comments from the BBC Have Your Say messageboard this study adopts sentiment analysis to understand consumers opinions about the introduction and implementation of DRS in Scotland . Findings suggest that a UK wide scheme that is similar in terms of operations and structure is required for DRS to be successful . While consumers knowledge and opinions about DRS are mixed the efficacy of DRS including its relevance is questioned and raises doubts about its contribution to sustainability . The findings imply the need for UK countries to negotiate and collaborate on appropriate and attractive interventions in addressing post consumer single use plastic containers . The implications of the findings for policy and practice especially in improving the operations of DRS are further discussed .,The implications of the findings for policy and practice especially in improving the operations of DRS are further discussed . This study addresses the complexity of single use plastic containers by analysing consumers perceptions regarding the introduction of DRS in Scotland . The findings imply the need for UK countries to negotiate and collaborate on appropriate and attractive interventions in addressing post consumer single use plastic containers .463462,This paper assesses the performance of waste services in the region of Tuscany in Italy . It adopts non parametric techniques for this purpose . Furthermore it investigates the influence of the operational environment on the estimated performance by using the robust order m technique . Meaningful levels of inefficiency were found in the Italian waste services . A specification of the ownership of the operator entrusted with waste management by municipalities and the formal adoption of the zero waste strategy are included as environmental variables .,This paper assesses the performance of waste services in the region of Tuscany in Italy . Furthermore it investigates the influence of the operational environment on the estimated performance by using the robust order m technique . Meaningful levels of inefficiency were found in the Italian waste services .464463,This study investigated the morphology and potentially toxic metal concentrations of paper waste based biochar and kitchen waste based biochar obtained at 500 and 700 C. The morphology and potentially toxic metals concentrations in the biochars were determined by SEM and FT IR analysis . The Cr Mn Cu and Cd concentrations in PB were low while the Ba content was relatively high at 0.1mgkg,This study investigated the morphology and potentially toxic metal concentrations of paper waste based biochar and kitchen waste based biochar obtained at 500 and 700 C. The morphology and potentially toxic metals concentrations in the biochars were determined by SEM and FT IR analysis . The Cr Mn Cu and Cd concentrations in PB were low while the Ba content was relatively high at 0.1mgkg465464,Municipal solid waste is massively generated all over the world . Its organic fraction which represents a high percentage of MSW mainly contains biodegradable materials namely food waste paper and garden waste . The social cost of OFMSW treatment and or disposal is a serious and widespread problem particularly in highly populated areas . Thus effective and innovative solutions which include the upgrading of OFMSW are being currently sought . In fact the OFMSW abundance availability and average composition suggest its considerable potential within the circular economy desideratum paving the way to valorisation approaches . In this context an OFMSW sugar rich hydrolysate and its validation as a substrate for the production of the polyester poly to date the only bioplastic easily biodegradable in marine environment were successfully obtained in a previous study . Based on those results this work addresses the upscaling of the fermentative production in fed batch mode of P by,Based on those results this work addresses the upscaling of the fermentative production in fed batch mode of P by Its organic fraction which represents a high percentage of MSW mainly contains biodegradable materials namely food waste paper and garden waste . The social cost of OFMSW treatment and or disposal is a serious and widespread problem particularly in highly populated areas .466465,Due to its environment friendly and replenishable characteristics biodiesel has the potential to substitute fossil fuels as an alternative source of energy . Although biodiesel has many benefits to offer manufacturing biodiesel on an industrial scale is uneconomical as a high cost of feedstock is required . A novel sulfonated and magnetic catalyst synthesised from a palm kernel shell PMB SO,A novel sulfonated and magnetic catalyst synthesised from a palm kernel shell PMB SO Due to its environment friendly and replenishable characteristics biodiesel has the potential to substitute fossil fuels as an alternative source of energy . Although biodiesel has many benefits to offer manufacturing biodiesel on an industrial scale is uneconomical as a high cost of feedstock is required .467466,Over the last two decades Barcelona has implemented a far reaching reform of the citys solid waste collection . In 2000 the city was divided in four zones with four separate solid waste collection contracts being awarded to private firms with none being allowed to obtain more than two zones a rule that was revised in 2009 to just one contract per firm . This division of the market via exclusive territories sought to enhance competition in the expectation of the convergence of relative costs efficiency and service quality throughout the city . This study analyzes and evaluates the creation of lots as a tool of competition with monthly observations of costs and outputs between 2015 and 2019 . Main findings are that firms producing in larger zones report higher costs that increased competition was not sufficient to lead to converging costs and that none of the firms operate under increasing returns to scale . Based on our results we recommend creating an additional zone . We further suggest that if a public firm managed one of the zones the regulator would obtain more reliable information on the service costs and technical characteristics thus increasing her capabilities as supervisor of the private firms delivering the service in other zones .,This division of the market via exclusive territories sought to enhance competition in the expectation of the convergence of relative costs efficiency and service quality throughout the city . Main findings are that firms producing in larger zones report higher costs that increased competition was not sufficient to lead to converging costs and that none of the firms operate under increasing returns to scale . We further suggest that if a public firm managed one of the zones the regulator would obtain more reliable information on the service costs and technical characteristics thus increasing her capabilities as supervisor of the private firms delivering the service in other zones .468467,China produced a large amount of construction and demolition waste owing to the rapid development of construction industry . Although a set of policies and regulations are being drafted in China for promoting C D waste recycling execution of these policies in practice seems to be far from effective . Currently approximately 75 of Chinese cities are still surrounded by large volumes of C D waste . Therefore identification of challenges in the development of C D waste management specially recycling is essential . This paper employs site visits to 10 recycling plants in 10 Chinese cities and interviews with 25 industry practitioners for examining the challenges . Eight challenges are identified unstable source of C D waste for recycling absence of subsidies for recycling activities and high cost for land use insufficient attention paid to design for waste minimisation absence of regulations on on site sorting unregulated landfill activities a lack of coordination among different government administration departments a lack of accurate estimation of waste quantity and distribution and a lack of an effective waste tracing system . Recommendations to address these challenges are presented . The results of this study are expected to aid policy makers in formulation of proper C D waste management in China and provide a useful reference for researchers who are interested in C D waste recycling industry .,This paper employs site visits to 10 recycling plants in 10 Chinese cities and interviews with 25 industry practitioners for examining the challenges . China produced a large amount of construction and demolition waste owing to the rapid development of construction industry . Therefore identification of challenges in the development of C D waste management specially recycling is essential .469468,Samples from 12 drillhole cores from the Urals Emba region to the north east of the Caspian Sea were analysed for pollen and spores . The records reveal vegetation and climate changes for the late Pliocene to early Pleistocene within the time interval from ca . 3.6 to ca . 1.65Ma . According to the results of the pollen analysis at the beginning of the Akchagylian stage there was a cooling and change in structure of the dendroflora and steppe dominated landscapes were present . At the end of the early Akchagylian and continuing into the middle Akchagylian a maximum variety of pollen from tree species occurred . The presence of mesophilic and thermophilic elements signifies a moderately warm and humid climate occurred at around 3.2Ma probably related to the Mid Pliocene Warm Period . A second major cooling occurred at around 2.5Ma coinciding with the onset of northern hemisphere glaciations . During this time coniferous forests dominated by,According to the results of the pollen analysis at the beginning of the Akchagylian stage there was a cooling and change in structure of the dendroflora and steppe dominated landscapes were present . A second major cooling occurred at around 2.5Ma coinciding with the onset of northern hemisphere glaciations . The presence of mesophilic and thermophilic elements signifies a moderately warm and humid climate occurred at around 3.2Ma probably related to the Mid Pliocene Warm Period .470469,The clay mineralogy and geochemistry of loess is sensitive to variations in sediment source area transport processes and weathering regime over time and thus careful study of them can provide some insight into past climate variability . The well known loesspaleosol sequences on the Iranian Loess plateau are generally underlain by the red deposits consisting of reddish clay to silt sized sediments of wind blown origin . Study and analyzing of this oldest brown and reddish brown loess has a specific role in paleoclimate reconstruction but no previous study of the clay mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of them has been performed to date . Therefore total Fe,The well known loesspaleosol sequences on the Iranian Loess plateau are generally underlain by the red deposits consisting of reddish clay to silt sized sediments of wind blown origin . The clay mineralogy and geochemistry of loess is sensitive to variations in sediment source area transport processes and weathering regime over time and thus careful study of them can provide some insight into past climate variability . Study and analyzing of this oldest brown and reddish brown loess has a specific role in paleoclimate reconstruction but no previous study of the clay mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of them has been performed to date .471470,The stratotype section of Paks brickyard provides the most detailed accessible loess paleosol sequence from almost the entire Pleistocene in the middle part of the Carpathian Basin . The best and thickest loess archives of Hungary are preserved in this part of the basin and now two more drilling cores were deepened in this area on plateau position on loessic ridges PA I and PA II .,The best and thickest loess archives of Hungary are preserved in this part of the basin and now two more drilling cores were deepened in this area on plateau position on loessic ridges PA I and PA II . The stratotype section of Paks brickyard provides the most detailed accessible loess paleosol sequence from almost the entire Pleistocene in the middle part of the Carpathian Basin .472471,The horticultural societies of the central zone of Chile in the first millennium AD and the first half of the second have been the subject of archaeological study for many years and their cultural contexts have been described extensively . Their material culture lifeways and settlement patterns present significant differences between the Bato and Llolleo groups in the Early Ceramic period and between these and the Aconcagua groups of the Late Intermediate period . Increasing complexity social differentiation and changes in polity structure have been proposed but robust data are still missing for many of these interpretations . The object of this work was to contribute to the identification of inter and intra group social differences in mobility sex and age patterns and maize consumption based on stable isotope analysis of human bones and a sub sample of teeth . Analysis of the C N and O stable isotopes in collagen and bioapatite extracted from the samples showed differences between the three groups studied in spatial mobility patterns and consumption of C,The object of this work was to contribute to the identification of inter and intra group social differences in mobility sex and age patterns and maize consumption based on stable isotope analysis of human bones and a sub sample of teeth . Analysis of the C N and O stable isotopes in collagen and bioapatite extracted from the samples showed differences between the three groups studied in spatial mobility patterns and consumption of C Their material culture lifeways and settlement patterns present significant differences between the Bato and Llolleo groups in the Early Ceramic period and between these and the Aconcagua groups of the Late Intermediate period .473472,Pottery from Kom W a Neolithic stratified site on the Fayum north shore includes intact vessels as well as sherd fragments with fragmented pottery also found on adjacent deflated surfaces . In part because of this material Kom W was previously interpreted as a village associated with the introduction of domestic plants and animals from southwest Asia . Here pottery recovered from Kom W by Caton Thompson and Gardner during their 1920s excavations is reviewed and compared to pottery from other north shore sites . Vessel size is reconstructed as well as placement of the vessels within Kom W. It is suggested that a number of vessels found at Kom W were used for storage in line with similar evidence from the Fayum north shore and from northeast Africa more generally .,Vessel size is reconstructed as well as placement of the vessels within Kom W. It is suggested that a number of vessels found at Kom W were used for storage in line with similar evidence from the Fayum north shore and from northeast Africa more generally . In part because of this material Kom W was previously interpreted as a village associated with the introduction of domestic plants and animals from southwest Asia . Pottery from Kom W a Neolithic stratified site on the Fayum north shore includes intact vessels as well as sherd fragments with fragmented pottery also found on adjacent deflated surfaces .474473,Study of clay mineral is one of effective methods for reconstruction of the paleoclimate and paleoenvironment . Here we represent clay mineral records from an upper MiocenePliocene red clay succession in the central Chinese Loess Plateau . On the basis of the existing age model we employ X ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy to carry out clay mineral analyses the results indicated that illite was the dominant clay mineral and the contents of smectite chlorite and kaolinite were minor . From the analysis of contents of clay minerals illite crystallinity illite 5 10 smectite ratio magnetic susceptibility summer monsoon intensity and deep sea,On the basis of the existing age model we employ X ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy to carry out clay mineral analyses the results indicated that illite was the dominant clay mineral and the contents of smectite chlorite and kaolinite were minor . Study of clay mineral is one of effective methods for reconstruction of the paleoclimate and paleoenvironment . Here we represent clay mineral records from an upper MiocenePliocene red clay succession in the central Chinese Loess Plateau .475474,In tropical Southern Hemisphere South America late Quaternary marine core and speleothem records provide different proxies and accurate chronologies correlating millennial scale intervals of increased precipitation with southward shifts of the Intertropical Convergence Zone . However the climatic effect of these intervals on coastal landforms is poorly understood . Here we investigated the response of abrupt and long lasting climate events during the Marine Isotope Stages 3 and 2 in a 13.8 m thick sand succession located in a large scale coastal eolian system the Lenis Maranhenses Dunefield NE Brazil where winds and precipitation are anti phased and controlled by the single action of the ITCZ . A chronology of the sediment overburden determined by optically stimulated luminescence dating of 14 sediment samples obtained at 1 m intervals showed ages between 132.27.0 and 12.90.6 thousand years ago in stratigraphic order . A multi proxy approach based on grain size surface grain texture heavy minerals thermoluminescence sensitivity inorganic geochemistry reflectance and magnetic parameters from 268 sediment samples collected at 5 cm intervals indicated periods of dune building and stabilization . Significant stabilization periods are synchronous with Heinrich Stadials 6 4 3 2 and 1 and Greenland Stadial 4 within age model uncertainties . Heavy mineral analysis indicated a steady sand source to the dune succession while TL sensitivity analysis of quartz grains showed the input allochthonous sediments during stadials . The preservation of peak dune activity during the Last Glacial Maximum is attributed to the enduring precipitation brought by the subsequent Heinrich Stadial 1 event .,Here we investigated the response of abrupt and long lasting climate events during the Marine Isotope Stages 3 and 2 in a 13.8 m thick sand succession located in a large scale coastal eolian system the Lenis Maranhenses Dunefield NE Brazil where winds and precipitation are anti phased and controlled by the single action of the ITCZ . However the climatic effect of these intervals on coastal landforms is poorly understood . The preservation of peak dune activity during the Last Glacial Maximum is attributed to the enduring precipitation brought by the subsequent Heinrich Stadial 1 event .476475,The expression of the abrupt cooling of the 8.2 ka event in the tropics is poorly understood . In this study we applied lithostratigraphy loss on ignition grain size and pollen analyses to sedimentary sequences from Thale Noi which is located in the west coast of the Gulf of Thailand in order to reconstruct the regional environmental history during the 8.2 ka event . Our results based on sediment . This characteristics and pollen records indicated that the study area was likely to have flooded prior to c. 8300 cal . a BP . The fall in sea level coincided with a high precipitation inferred from grain size between c. 8250 and 8100cal a BP . The increased precipitation can be attributed to the strengthening of the northeast monsoonal rains in the western Gulf of Thailand . The timing of the sea level fall and strengthen stronger winter monsoon is consistent with the abrupt decrease in the temperature records emanating from the northern hemisphere . Subsequently we observed a sea level rise from c. 8100 to 7950cal a BP which potentially continued till c. 7650 cal . a BP . The possibility of coastal erosion was detected by a hiatus in the sedimentary sequences dated between c. 7950 and 7650cal a BP . Then a standstill of the sea level occurred from c. 7650 to 7100cal a BP . This transgression is suggested to have caused coastal erosion that resulted in a hiatus in the sedimentation process between c. 7950 and 7650cal a BP . Correspondingly fluctuations in the monsoon strength resulted in an overall decreased precipitation from c. 8100 to 7450cal a BP although punctuated wet intervals were observed at c. 7950 and 7575cal a BP .,The possibility of coastal erosion was detected by a hiatus in the sedimentary sequences dated between c. 7950 and 7650cal a BP . The expression of the abrupt cooling of the 8.2 ka event in the tropics is poorly understood . The increased precipitation can be attributed to the strengthening of the northeast monsoonal rains in the western Gulf of Thailand .477476,In this study we report the high resolution heavy mineral records from a 200.30m long borehole on the northern coast of modern Yellow River delta covering the last 1.90Myr . The results show that the heavy mineral assemblages are dominated by epidote followed by hornblende garnet and hematite limonite . In the Yellow River sediments the content of hornblende is higher than the epidote and the epidote to hornblende ratios are lower than the core YRD 1101 . The E H show two distinct lower values at depositional unit 42 and DU 41 to DU 2 indicating the obvious influence of YR sediments . The heavy mineral composition of DU 5 is distinct from YR sediments and interpreted as the result from heterogeneous provenance of the adjacent ancient rivers while DU 4 to DU 1 resemble the upper middle reaches of the YR sediments . The different sediment types of core YRD 1101 do not contain markedly different transparent heavy mineral assemblages in terms of concentration and mineral ratios . No matter how sedimentary environment changes the ratios of epidote and hornblende show very stable values in DU 41 and DU 3 due to the influence of YR sediments . The transparent heavy minerals such as hornblende epidote and other stable minerals which were relatively stable are controlled primarily by provenance while the sedimentary environment mostly influences the flaky minerals and the authigenic minerals . This study provides evidence regarding the history of the lower reaches of the YR and YRD since the early Pleistocene highlighting river s important role for the evolution of the western coast of the Bohai Sea .,In the Yellow River sediments the content of hornblende is higher than the epidote and the epidote to hornblende ratios are lower than the core YRD 1101 . In this study we report the high resolution heavy mineral records from a 200.30m long borehole on the northern coast of modern Yellow River delta covering the last 1.90Myr . The E H show two distinct lower values at depositional unit 42 and DU 41 to DU 2 indicating the obvious influence of YR sediments .478477,Trapped charge dating of optically bleached quartz which involves techniques such as electron spin resonance and thermally transferred optically stimulated luminescence is increasingly being used to establish Middle and Early Pleistocene chronologies for archaeological palaeontological and palaeoenvironmental sedimentary sequences . Comparative dating studies that make use of several independent or semi independent radiometric techniques in tandem are an invaluable means of assessing the reliability of optically bleached quartz dating methods and ascertaining empirical relationships between different quartz dating signals . In this study we undertake a comparative dating evaluation of single grain TT OSL and various ESR signals that exhibit different optical resetting properties at the Middle Pleistocene archaeological site of Porto Maior northwest Spain which contains a distinctive regionally significant Acheulean stone tool assemblage . We expand the existing chronological framework for Porto Maior using single grain TT OSL dating derive combined numerical ages for individual depositional units using Bayesian modelling and further examine the relationship between ESR and TT OSL signals by reviewing a range of published comparative dating studies . The new single grain TT OSL ages obtained for unit PM3 at Porto Maior are in close agreement with previously published ESR TiLi ages for this unit and significantly younger than those reported for the Al centre . Our broader comparison of published TT OSL ESR dating results also shows statistically significant agreement between single grain TT OSL and TiLi centre ages in other sedimentary settings suggesting a potentially closer relationship between the TT OSL producing traps and the TiLi paramagnetic centres in quartz rather than between the TT OSL and Al centre signals . The Bayesian modelling results for Porto Maior enable us to refine the existing bracketing depositional age for the archaeological accumulation at Porto Maior and provide a stronger statistical foundation for chronostratigraphic correlations with other Acheulean archaeological deposits found in the Mio River basin . The Bayesian model indicates that the entire Porto Maior sedimentary sequence was deposited between 312.632.6 ka and 18.87.7 ka and that the,The Bayesian model indicates that the entire Porto Maior sedimentary sequence was deposited between 312.632.6 ka and 18.87.7 ka and that the We expand the existing chronological framework for Porto Maior using single grain TT OSL dating derive combined numerical ages for individual depositional units using Bayesian modelling and further examine the relationship between ESR and TT OSL signals by reviewing a range of published comparative dating studies . Our broader comparison of published TT OSL ESR dating results also shows statistically significant agreement between single grain TT OSL and TiLi centre ages in other sedimentary settings suggesting a potentially closer relationship between the TT OSL producing traps and the TiLi paramagnetic centres in quartz rather than between the TT OSL and Al centre signals .479478,This paper presents data on the fragments of ancient sedimentary deposits placed around the Piedade and Casa Branca streams important right bank tributaries of the Paraopeba River . From these data it was possible to establish a picture regarding the paleomorphology and paleodrainage of the area . The methodological steps adopted consisted of the definition of sedimentary facies as well as the establishment of their sedimentary provenance and deposition age . Through the facies analyses it was possible to show channel facies associated with debris flows and sieve deposits . In the sedimentary provenance stage spectra of ages congruent with those found in literature for the Moeda and Cau Formations were identified suggesting that the Moeda mountain range is a source area . We also analyzed data on the sediments of the current bed which indicate the same provenance showing that the current courses constitute an embedded analog of the paleochannels . The data herein obtained corroborate the hypothesis that the eastern periphery of the Bonfim Complex was dominated by a system of alluvial fans between 9.51 and 15.51.6 ka before present whose remnants are preserved on the current hilltops and mid slopes of the basement landscape .,This paper presents data on the fragments of ancient sedimentary deposits placed around the Piedade and Casa Branca streams important right bank tributaries of the Paraopeba River . In the sedimentary provenance stage spectra of ages congruent with those found in literature for the Moeda and Cau Formations were identified suggesting that the Moeda mountain range is a source area . The data herein obtained corroborate the hypothesis that the eastern periphery of the Bonfim Complex was dominated by a system of alluvial fans between 9.51 and 15.51.6 ka before present whose remnants are preserved on the current hilltops and mid slopes of the basement landscape .480479,Turkey is the last important domestic animal to have been introduced to Europe . It reached the Carpathian Basin at a historically critical time when this area was divided between the Catholic Hungarian Kingdom allied with Austria the Ottoman Turkish Empire and Protestant Transylvania a Turkish protectorate . This politically complex situation was also reflected in trade connections . Potential import routes therefore are unclear . Introduction from western central European countries is consonant with the spread of turkeys in the European continent but contacts between the Ottoman Turkish and Spanish trade networks may also be reckoned with . Two of the five sites that yielded turkey bones in Hungary fell outside Ottoman Turkish occupation . One originates from an urban context that only temporarily fell under Turkish rule . All turkey remains found at these settlements can be associated with elite consumption . Their anatomical distribution is dominated by meat rich skeletal elements . This paper is also a review of literary and linguistic evidence regarding the occurrence of turkeys in the territory of present day Hungary .,This paper is also a review of literary and linguistic evidence regarding the occurrence of turkeys in the territory of present day Hungary . Two of the five sites that yielded turkey bones in Hungary fell outside Ottoman Turkish occupation . Introduction from western central European countries is consonant with the spread of turkeys in the European continent but contacts between the Ottoman Turkish and Spanish trade networks may also be reckoned with .481480,The Three Gorges Valley linking the upper and the middle lower Yangtze River areas is a key area for understanding the geomorphological evolution of the Yangtze River valley especially the timing of its formation which remains controversial and occurred following the authors to from the pre Miocene to Late Pleistocene periods . The 100m thick Yichang Gravel Layer extending over an area 100km,The Three Gorges Valley linking the upper and the middle lower Yangtze River areas is a key area for understanding the geomorphological evolution of the Yangtze River valley especially the timing of its formation which remains controversial and occurred following the authors to from the pre Miocene to Late Pleistocene periods . The 100m thick Yichang Gravel Layer extending over an area 100km482481,There is extensive evidence for extraction of grease and fat from bones of ungulates at Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene sites in the Southern Levant . Excavations at Shubayqa 6 identified an area where extensive processing of carcasses took place during the transition between the Late Natufian to Early Pre Pottery Neolithic A . Large quantities of fire cracked basalt highly fragmented faunal remains and burnt bones indicate that grease and fat were extracted on a large scale . Spatial analysis demonstrates that bird remains were discarded in the same location where this fat rendering took place . Waterfowl dominate the assemblage and would have been present mainly in the winter . Body part representation of the bird remains suggests that this abundance of avifauna resulted in people selectively processing the carcasses of the wetland birds they hunted . Gazelles would have been in peak condition at this time of year with higher concentrations of fat stored in their bodies . This seasonal glut of resources contrasts with the summer especially late summer when most of the commonly hunted bird species were absent and the gazelle in relatively poor condition . People aware of seasonal cycles in resource abundance may have preserved foods when available . Storing fat conserves resources for leaner times . Compared to the Natufian site of Shubayqa 1 fewer young gazelle in the faunal remains at Shubayqa 6 is an indication that hunting either targeted mature animals or was more intense in the winter when fewer young animals are present . Carcasses from juvenile animals are comprised of less fat and the association of the adult gazelle carcasses with the bird remains suggests that the two resources were processed alongside one another . Preservation of foodstuffs for leaner months of the year may have been one potential outcome of this activity .,This seasonal glut of resources contrasts with the summer especially late summer when most of the commonly hunted bird species were absent and the gazelle in relatively poor condition . Excavations at Shubayqa 6 identified an area where extensive processing of carcasses took place during the transition between the Late Natufian to Early Pre Pottery Neolithic A . Body part representation of the bird remains suggests that this abundance of avifauna resulted in people selectively processing the carcasses of the wetland birds they hunted .483482,A high number industrial hearths furnaces and kilns were excavated from an Indus archaeological site 4MSR on the dry bed of Ghaggar Hakra river channel near India Pakistan international border providing numerous artifacts of Indus metallurgical activity Gold and Silver anvil fishhook arrowhead spearhead moulds slag etc . . Array of inter connected hearths vats range of stone weights and beads made of semi precious stones further suggest the site was being used as a metal craft factory . Nine,Array of inter connected hearths vats range of stone weights and beads made of semi precious stones further suggest the site was being used as a metal craft factory . A high number industrial hearths furnaces and kilns were excavated from an Indus archaeological site 4MSR on the dry bed of Ghaggar Hakra river channel near India Pakistan international border providing numerous artifacts of Indus metallurgical activity Gold and Silver anvil fishhook arrowhead spearhead moulds slag etc . .484483,We present the results of a new dating study carried out at Lunery la Terre des Sablons and Brinay la Noira two key Lower Palaeolithic sites located in deposits associated to the Cher River . These sites preserve abundant Mode 1 and Mode 2 lithic industries and are considered as among the oldest evidence of hominin presence in Western Europe north of the 45N latitude . Following a multi technique approach combining electron spin resonance single grain thermally transferred optically stimulated luminescence dating of quartz grains and palaeomagnetism we obtained new chronological constraints for the sedimentary sequence and the associated lithic assemblages at the two sites . The new independent dating results derived from each method are consistent and in overall agreement with existing ESR and terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide burial age estimates except for the Lowermost Unit 3at LTS . By integrating all of the previous and new dating results we derive combined age estimates of 772 735 ka and 66529 ka for the fluvial sands at LTS and BN respectively . These two distinct aggradation phases may tentatively be correlated to interglacial glacial transitions associated with Marine Isotope Stage 19 18 for the former and MIS 17 16 for the latter .,We present the results of a new dating study carried out at Lunery la Terre des Sablons and Brinay la Noira two key Lower Palaeolithic sites located in deposits associated to the Cher River . By integrating all of the previous and new dating results we derive combined age estimates of 772 735 ka and 66529 ka for the fluvial sands at LTS and BN respectively . Following a multi technique approach combining electron spin resonance single grain thermally transferred optically stimulated luminescence dating of quartz grains and palaeomagnetism we obtained new chronological constraints for the sedimentary sequence and the associated lithic assemblages at the two sites .485484,The Palaeolithic rock engravings that are located along the Naln river basin in Northern Spain have been studied from various perspectives but no use wear studies on the stone tools used to produce such engravings have ever been undertaken . This paper aims to explore a new approach to this type of incisions based on use wear analysis of experimental lithic tools used to engrave limestone blocks and slabs . Our results show that the use wear traces generated by engraving limestone are well developed and can be defined with specific criteria . The principal objective of this study was to provide the first experimental reference collection of use wear resulting from engraving limestone using flint and quartzite experimental tools to compare with the traces that appear on tools in the archaeological record in contexts with parietal and portable art and more specifically to add a new approach to the multidisciplinary study of the La Via rock shelter .,This paper aims to explore a new approach to this type of incisions based on use wear analysis of experimental lithic tools used to engrave limestone blocks and slabs . The principal objective of this study was to provide the first experimental reference collection of use wear resulting from engraving limestone using flint and quartzite experimental tools to compare with the traces that appear on tools in the archaeological record in contexts with parietal and portable art and more specifically to add a new approach to the multidisciplinary study of the La Via rock shelter . Our results show that the use wear traces generated by engraving limestone are well developed and can be defined with specific criteria .486485,Kettle holes are common ice decay features in formerly glacial landscapes like those in Southern Scandinavia and Northern Germany . Here the kettle holes are represented either as dry depressions wetland areas or lakes . However the majority of these features are silted and part of the present farmland . We investigated a small kettle hole at Tyrsted near the township of Tyrsted south of Horsens with the aim to determine the extension and depth of this feature using geophysical methods . A former excavation at Tyrsted carried out from the Horsens Museum in 2017at a neighboring site revealed Late Palaeolithic flint of the Bromme type and worked reindeer antlers . This connection in a Late Glacial horizon is unique not only in a Danish context and it can help to improve and clarify the dating of the Bromme culture . We used ground penetrating radar electromagnetic induction and electrical resistivity tomography to estimate the extension of the kettle hole . Shear wave reflection and refraction seismics were able to detect the bottom sediment of the former lake at about 5m depth . Furthermore a seismic event at about 1.30m depth is visible which can be associated to the transition between the Allerd and Younger Dryas sediment making the detection of the Bromme horizon possible . After the non invasive investigation a location for an open excavation has been chosen in a way to groundtruth the geophysical results allowing the direct comparison with the stratigraphy . These results allow the archaeologists to identify key excavation areas focused on the investigation of the Allerd and Younger Dryas layers in a way to improve the dating information about the Bromme horizon collected so far . Furthermore geophysical investigations together with excavations will enable the archaeological and palaeoenvironmental research groups to search large scale palaeolandscapes for these very rare but highly important finds .,We investigated a small kettle hole at Tyrsted near the township of Tyrsted south of Horsens with the aim to determine the extension and depth of this feature using geophysical methods . We used ground penetrating radar electromagnetic induction and electrical resistivity tomography to estimate the extension of the kettle hole . Shear wave reflection and refraction seismics were able to detect the bottom sediment of the former lake at about 5m depth .487486,Seismic hazards and risks around an individual fault can be assessed from complementary paleoseismic data . A high resolution sediment core recovered from the Yileimu Lake revealed 11 potential paleoearthquakes around the Fuyun fault in northern Xinjiang . Among them three events recorded by ductile deformation and turbidites or coseismic subsidence were possibly correlated with,A high resolution sediment core recovered from the Yileimu Lake revealed 11 potential paleoearthquakes around the Fuyun fault in northern Xinjiang . Among them three events recorded by ductile deformation and turbidites or coseismic subsidence were possibly correlated with Seismic hazards and risks around an individual fault can be assessed from complementary paleoseismic data .488487,Our understanding on glacier climate link in the Himalayan region is constrained due to lack of long term observational and high resolution proxy records . Hostile weather conditions and difficult approaches to access glaciers due to rough terrains largely limit observational studies on glaciers in the Himalaya . Sub alpine trees and shrubs close to glaciers growth of which is very sensitive to fluctuations in temperature provide precise continuous record on climate and glacier behaviour to supplement the observational records back to several centuries . To unfold the Gangotri glacier dynamics in the past we developed tree ring chronologies and studied the colonization pattern of the trees in the region . Tree ring chronologies of Himalayan birch and Himalayan pine developed from their respective upper tree line ecotone in the Gangotri glacier forefields showed impact of temperature on the growth variations . A comparison of Himalayan pine chronology with temperature proxies revealed regional and hemispheric scale temperature signal . Using tree ring chronologies we show expansion of the Gangotri glacier during cool phases that are also in agreement with the glacier fluctuation records from Central Asia and Southern Tibet . Moreover using tree colonization pattern in the glacier forefields we established for the first time that the Gangotri glacier terminus receded 1.853km since the late 16th century major part of which receded since 1935 C.E . The glacier retreat associated with the onset of 20th century warming got accelerated since 1957 C.E . . In view of our findings the Gangotri glacier might further face accelerated recession in the 21st century under the projected warming .,To unfold the Gangotri glacier dynamics in the past we developed tree ring chronologies and studied the colonization pattern of the trees in the region . The glacier retreat associated with the onset of 20th century warming got accelerated since 1957 C.E . In view of our findings the Gangotri glacier might further face accelerated recession in the 21st century under the projected warming .489488,Settlement distribution modelling assumes that human spatial behaviour can be revealed by using the correct set of variables . However the regional variables of large scale gradients are only considered rarely . Also settlement modelling applications are often impeded by fragmentary and error prone datasets . Thus in current day Lithuania in order to study the dynamics of settlement distributional rules we implemented a modelling strategy that involves the use of statistical and machine learning methods with null model simulations and that is less affected by the incompleteness of datasets and the scales of variables . In this study we used regional variables in order to test their usefulness while providing a general understanding of the large scale processes that governed settlement distribution in prehistory . This study encompassed six time intervals between the Palaeolithic and Iron Ages . The obtained results consisted of regional settlement predictive maps estimations of random forest variable importance and performances of GAM models as well as determinations of Besag s L functions of settlement patterns and Euclidean distances between the regional variables at the settlement sites . We detected decreasing spatial autocorrelation of the settlement prediction maps and settlement patterns declining variable importance and model performance as well as increasing regional environmental diversity of the settlement sites . A marked manifestation of these trends was observed between the Neolithic and Bronze Ages . This also corresponded to a major change in the constitution of the most important variables of the settlement distributions . We associate these findings with technological and lifestyle changes in the southern Baltic region interpreting them as causing a roughening of the human adaptive landscape increasing the specificity number and complexity of the settlement distributional rules . Our study revealed that even for incomplete datasets and spatial autocorrelation the application of advanced statistical machine learning techniques was able to provide new insights into the processes that governed the socio cultural evolution and spatial dynamics of humans in prehistory .,Thus in current day Lithuania in order to study the dynamics of settlement distributional rules we implemented a modelling strategy that involves the use of statistical and machine learning methods with null model simulations and that is less affected by the incompleteness of datasets and the scales of variables . A marked manifestation of these trends was observed between the Neolithic and Bronze Ages . We associate these findings with technological and lifestyle changes in the southern Baltic region interpreting them as causing a roughening of the human adaptive landscape increasing the specificity number and complexity of the settlement distributional rules .490489,A person centered approach was used to identify the profiles of symptoms of psychological ill being among Finnish upper secondary education students,A person centered approach was used to identify the profiles of symptoms of psychological ill being among Finnish upper secondary education students491490,The aim of this study was to examine i the prevalence of achievement goal orientation profiles among Finnish sixth and seventh graders,The aim of this study was to examine i the prevalence of achievement goal orientation profiles among Finnish sixth and seventh graders492491,Changing epistemic beliefs requires individuals to experience epistemic doubt . To evoke epistemic doubt many studies rely on presenting diverging information . However not much is known about how different types of diverging information and individual differences affect epistemic change . In a preregistered study,In a preregistered study However not much is known about how different types of diverging information and individual differences affect epistemic change . Changing epistemic beliefs requires individuals to experience epistemic doubt .493492,Some research suggests that university lecture attendance positively correlates with academic performance . Although there are several motivational pathways which may explain attendance few studies have examined the psychosocial factors leading to student attendance intentions and behavior . Consequently we evaluated via structural equation modeling two prominent motivational theories to help explain lecture attendance Self Determination Theory and The Theory of Planned Behavior . Undergraduates,Consequently we evaluated via structural equation modeling two prominent motivational theories to help explain lecture attendance Self Determination Theory and The Theory of Planned Behavior . Some research suggests that university lecture attendance positively correlates with academic performance . Undergraduates494493,To profile children s reading comprehension we developed a dynamic approach with componential abilities being assessed within the same texts and provided with feedback in addition to the global comprehension of these texts . In 275 Dutch third to fifth graders we investigated to what extent the response accuracy for questions on componential abilities on first attempts and after feedback predicted global text comprehension within the same texts as well as the prospective development in a standardized reading comprehension test . We found that global text comprehension was increased by each correctly answered question on a componential ability on first attempts and by each correctly answered sentence integration question after feedback . The accuracy on first attempts also explained unique variance of the growth in the standardized reading comprehension test . A dynamic approach may thus help to arrive at a better understanding of the profiles of children s reading comprehension .,The accuracy on first attempts also explained unique variance of the growth in the standardized reading comprehension test . A dynamic approach may thus help to arrive at a better understanding of the profiles of children s reading comprehension . To profile children s reading comprehension we developed a dynamic approach with componential abilities being assessed within the same texts and provided with feedback in addition to the global comprehension of these texts .495494,We show that higher capital and liquidity ratios increase the efficiency of conventional and Islamic banks . Using conditional quantile regressions we further show that the effect is stronger for highly efficient small highly liquid and highly capitalized conventional banks . We also find that more capitalized and liquid banks were efficient during the 2008 2009 financial crisis and the Arab Spring . Our findings support the view that the constraints imposed by,We show that higher capital and liquidity ratios increase the efficiency of conventional and Islamic banks . We also find that more capitalized and liquid banks were efficient during the 2008 2009 financial crisis and the Arab Spring . Our findings support the view that the constraints imposed by496495,Induced pluripotent stem cells have opened up unprecedented opportunities for novel therapeutic options for precision medicine . Hematopoietic stem cell donor pools with previously determined HLA types may be ideal sources for iPSC production . Based on the HLA distribution of cryopreserved cord blood units and registered bone marrow donors we estimated how much of the Korean population could be covered by HLA homozygous iPSCs . We analyzed a total of 143 866 Korean HSC donors . Each donor sample was typed for the HLA A B and DRB1 alleles at low to intermediate resolution by DNA based molecular techniques PCR sequence specific oligonucleotide PCR with sequence specific primers and PCR with sequence based typing . We also identified individuals possessing homozygous HLA haplotypes by direct counting . The matching probabilities for zero mismatch transplantation were calculated for 143 866 Koreans and 50 million potential Korean patients . Among the HSC donor pool 17 HLA A alleles 41 HLA B alleles and 13 HLA DRB1 alleles as well as 128 homozygous HLA A B DRB1 haplotypes were identified at serologic equivalents and those haplotypes cumulatively matched 93.20 of the 143 866 Korean donors as zero HLA mismatch iPSC sources . Among the combinations of 2 056 haplotypes with frequencies 0.001 in a population of 50 million those 128 homozygous haplotypes can provide 93.65 coverage for potential Korean recipients . Haplobanking of a reasonable number of HLA A B and DRB1 homozygous iPSC lines derived from CBUs and cells of registered BM donors may be an efficient option for allogenic iPSC therapy .,Based on the HLA distribution of cryopreserved cord blood units and registered bone marrow donors we estimated how much of the Korean population could be covered by HLA homozygous iPSCs . We analyzed a total of 143 866 Korean HSC donors . The matching probabilities for zero mismatch transplantation were calculated for 143 866 Koreans and 50 million potential Korean patients .497496,Patients with severe aplastic anemia who fail immunosuppressive therapy have a dismal prognosis . Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation from an unrelated donor is one of the most effective treatment options . Two institutions have independently adopted a post transplantation cyclophosphamide approach for patients with SAA undergoing HSCT from a URD . Thirteen patients were included 11 of whom had been treated with immunosuppressive therapy . Eight patients had a mismatched URD . All patients were conditioned with fludarabine cyclophosphamide and total body irradiation in various dosage combinations . PTCy was given at a dose of 100 mg kg . Two patients died and overall survival was 85 at 2 years . All patients engrafted but 1 patient developed secondary graft failure . Of the 11 patients alive after 2 years 9 had complete donor chimerism . All surviving patients were transfusion independent . Ten patients had cytomegalovirus reactivation and 2 patients had more than 1 reactivation . No Epstein Barr virus reactivation or post transplantation lymphoproliferative disease was observed . Four patients had mild hemorrhagic cystitis . In summary our findings show that PTCy is a promising treatment for patients with SAA undergoing URD HSCT .,Of the 11 patients alive after 2 years 9 had complete donor chimerism . PTCy was given at a dose of 100 mg kg . Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation from an unrelated donor is one of the most effective treatment options .498497,The emotional and physical toll on caregivers of cancer patients is well documented but research evaluating the financial burdens and time commitments of caregivers is limited . We suspected that the rural location of our cancer center would intensify these burdens for caregivers . We conducted a prospective trial to assess the out of pocket expenses and time commitment of caregivers of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients within the first 4 weeks after discharge from the hospital from a National Cancer Institute designated comprehensive cancer center . These results show that caregivers of autologous recipients paid out of pocket expenses of 196 over 4 weeks . If lost wages were included the expenses increased to 736 during this period . Caregivers of allogeneic recipients had out of pocket expenses of 110 in 4 weeks or a total of 610 when lost wages were included . In the month after discharge from the hospital caregivers traveled a median distance of 450 miles or 560 miles depending on whether the patient received an autologous transplant or an allogeneic transplant respectively . These results demonstrate a compelling need to address caregiver support given the significant financial out of pocket expenses and time commitment .,We suspected that the rural location of our cancer center would intensify these burdens for caregivers . The emotional and physical toll on caregivers of cancer patients is well documented but research evaluating the financial burdens and time commitments of caregivers is limited . We conducted a prospective trial to assess the out of pocket expenses and time commitment of caregivers of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients within the first 4 weeks after discharge from the hospital from a National Cancer Institute designated comprehensive cancer center .499498,Refractory early relapsed and 17p deletion p53 mutation TP53mut positive chronic lymphocytic leukemia has been conventionally considered a high risk disease potentially eligible for treatment with allogeneic stem cell transplantation . In this multicenter retrospective analysis of 157 patients we compared the outcomes of patients with high risk CLL treated with alloSCT a B cell receptor pathway inhibitor and both . Seventy one patients were treated with BCRis 67 patients underwent reduced intensity conditioning alloSCT and 19 received alloSCT with a BCRi before and or after transplantation . Inverse probability of treatment weighting analyses were performed to compare the alloSCT and no alloSCT groups in the 2 groups 5 year OS PFS and cumulative incidence of nonrelapse mortality and relapse were 40 versus 60,In this multicenter retrospective analysis of 157 patients we compared the outcomes of patients with high risk CLL treated with alloSCT a B cell receptor pathway inhibitor and both . Inverse probability of treatment weighting analyses were performed to compare the alloSCT and no alloSCT groups in the 2 groups 5 year OS PFS and cumulative incidence of nonrelapse mortality and relapse were 40 versus 60 Seventy one patients were treated with BCRis 67 patients underwent reduced intensity conditioning alloSCT and 19 received alloSCT with a BCRi before and or after transplantation .500499,Cytomegalovirus reactivation remains one of the main infectious complications following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation . In this study we explored the role of anti CMV antibody titers in HSCT from alternative donors and to compare the risk of CMV reactivation between posttransplant cyclophosphamide based haploidentical HSCT and antithymocyte globulin based unrelated donor HSCT . We included 98 CMV positive patients 30 undergoing haploidentical HSCT and 68 undergoing URD HSCT . The majority of patients had a malignant disease received a myeloablative conditioning regimen and received a bone marrow graft . The median pretransplantation anti CMV IgG level was 109 U mL . With median follow up of 2.2 years a total of 72 CMV reactivations occurred in 50 patients . There was no difference in CMV reactivation pattern between haploidentical HSCT recipients and URD HSCT recipients . In multivariable analysis until the first event the incidence of CMV reactivation was higher in patients with anti CMV IgG levels 100 U mL 2.38,In this study we explored the role of anti CMV antibody titers in HSCT from alternative donors and to compare the risk of CMV reactivation between posttransplant cyclophosphamide based haploidentical HSCT and antithymocyte globulin based unrelated donor HSCT . In multivariable analysis until the first event the incidence of CMV reactivation was higher in patients with anti CMV IgG levels 100 U mL 2.38 The median pretransplantation anti CMV IgG level was 109 U mL .501500,Autologous CD19 directed chimeric antigen receptor T lymphocyte therapy is an approved and effective treatment for the management of patients with refractory and multiply relapsed B cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia . Experience using this therapy in pediatric patients with extramedullary disease is limited in part because these patients have frequently been excluded from clinical trials owing to concerns for an increased risk of immune effector cell associated neurotoxicity syndrome . We infused 7 patients with refractory or multiply relapsed B ALL who presented with isolated EM relapse with tisagenlecleucel . Six patients had isolated central nervous system leukemia and 1 patient had an isolated testicular relapse . An initial complete response was seen in all patients with 5 patients remaining in CAR T induced remission at a median of 18 months from first infusion . Reversible ICANS was seen in 1 patient with CNS leukemia . Durable B cell aplasia occurred in 3 patients with a median time to B cell recovery of 6.5 months in the other patients . These data suggest that CAR T therapy has promising safety and efficacy in treating EM leukemia although definitive conclusions are limited by the small size of the cohort and limited follow up period .,Durable B cell aplasia occurred in 3 patients with a median time to B cell recovery of 6.5 months in the other patients . An initial complete response was seen in all patients with 5 patients remaining in CAR T induced remission at a median of 18 months from first infusion . These data suggest that CAR T therapy has promising safety and efficacy in treating EM leukemia although definitive conclusions are limited by the small size of the cohort and limited follow up period .502501,The intestinal microbiota plays a fundamental role in the development of host innate immune cells such as monocytes dendritic cells and natural killer cells . We examined the association between intestinal microbiota and subsequent immune reconstitution of circulating monocyte DC and NK cell subsets in 38 adult patients undergoing single unit cord blood transplantation . A higher diversity of intestinal microbiota at 1 month was significantly associated with higher counts of plasmacytoid DCs at 7 months after CBT as measured by the Chao1 index . Principal coordinate analysis of unweighted UniFrac distances showed significant differences between higher and lower classical monocyte reconstitution at 7 months post CBT . The families,A higher diversity of intestinal microbiota at 1 month was significantly associated with higher counts of plasmacytoid DCs at 7 months after CBT as measured by the Chao1 index . The families We examined the association between intestinal microbiota and subsequent immune reconstitution of circulating monocyte DC and NK cell subsets in 38 adult patients undergoing single unit cord blood transplantation .503502,Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is performed as a curative treatment for children with nonmalignant diseases such as bone marrow failure syndromes and primary immunodeficiencies . Because graft versus host disease is a major factor affecting survival probability and quality of life after HSCT the availability of HLA matched donors restricts the application of HSCT . Recently HSCT with post transplantation cyclophosphamide has emerged as a potent method to prevent GVHD after HSCT from HLA haploidentical donors and some studies have suggested the safety of PTCy HSCT for nonmalignant diseases . We conducted a prospective clinical trial aiming to help confirm the safety of HSCT and further reduction of GVHD using a combination of PTCy and low dose antithymocyte globulin from HLA mismatched related donors for children with nonmalignant diseases . Six patients underwent HSCT and achieved engraftment at a median of 14.5 days and no patient developed severe acute GVHD . All patients had sustained donor chimerism without developing chronic GVHD at the last follow up . In conclusion HSCT with PTCy and low dose ATG from an HLA mismatched related donor were feasible to control GVHD for nonmalignant diseases in the children involved in our study .,All patients had sustained donor chimerism without developing chronic GVHD at the last follow up . We conducted a prospective clinical trial aiming to help confirm the safety of HSCT and further reduction of GVHD using a combination of PTCy and low dose antithymocyte globulin from HLA mismatched related donors for children with nonmalignant diseases . In conclusion HSCT with PTCy and low dose ATG from an HLA mismatched related donor were feasible to control GVHD for nonmalignant diseases in the children involved in our study .504503,Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome is one of the most common neurologic complications following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation . We aimed to evaluate the incidence clinical and imaging features of PRES in pediatric patients with Fanconi anemia following HSCT . This prospective study included all post HSCT patients with underlying FA disease between 2014 and 2017 . Brain computed tomography scan and magnetic resonance imaging were performed in all individuals who developed neurologic symptoms . PRES was diagnosed based on clinic radiological evidence . Follow up MRI was performed in all patients with PRES within two months . Forty one patients with FA were enrolled . Out of 15 patients with acute neurologic symptoms PRES was diagnosed in 9 individuals . The occurrence of PRES was significantly higher in patients who had a donor with a 1 locus mismatch,The occurrence of PRES was significantly higher in patients who had a donor with a 1 locus mismatch We aimed to evaluate the incidence clinical and imaging features of PRES in pediatric patients with Fanconi anemia following HSCT . Out of 15 patients with acute neurologic symptoms PRES was diagnosed in 9 individuals .505504,The combination of hypomethylating agents with the selective Bcl 2 inhibitor venetoclax has emerged as a highly active regimen in patients with acute myelogenous leukemia in both the upfront and relapsed refractory settings . We report our early experience with a cohort of patients who were able to proceed to allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation after HMA VEN therapy . Thirty two patients with AML with a median age of 62 years underwent alloHCT after HMA VEN therapy . Twenty two were in complete remission CR with incomplete count recovery at time of HCT . With a median follow up of 14.4 months the 1 year overall survival was 62.5 and disease free survival was 43.8 . The 1 year nonrelapse mortality rate was 18.8 and the cumulative incidence of relapse was 37.5 . Among patients who underwent alloHCT in CR the 1 year OS was 77.3 and the cumulative incidence of nonrelapse mortality was 9.1 . The cumulative incidence of grade II IV acute graft versus host disease was 43.8 . We conclude that alloHCT after HMA VEN is therapy associated with favorable allogeneic HCT outcomes in newly diagnosed older patients with AML as well as those with r r AML .,The 1 year nonrelapse mortality rate was 18.8 and the cumulative incidence of relapse was 37.5 . Among patients who underwent alloHCT in CR the 1 year OS was 77.3 and the cumulative incidence of nonrelapse mortality was 9.1 . With a median follow up of 14.4 months the 1 year overall survival was 62.5 and disease free survival was 43.8 .506505,Effective immunosuppressive regimens to prevent the development of graft versus host disease are essential to the success of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation . After revolutionizing haploidentical transplantation post transplantation cyclophosphamide is now being evaluated for HCT performed from related and unrelated donors . In this setting 2 recent randomized studies have demonstrated lower rates of GVHD and superior GVHD free relapse free survival with PTCy compared with conventional GVHD prophylaxis . The Blood and Marrow Transplant Clinical Trials Network is currently conducting a large randomized phase III multicenter trial comparing PTCy tacrolimus mycophenolate mofetil to tacrolimus methotrexate as GVHD prophylaxis regimens in reduced intensity allogeneic HCT . Here we review the ongoing study highlight its importance to the field and explore the possible implications of its results on clinical practice .,Here we review the ongoing study highlight its importance to the field and explore the possible implications of its results on clinical practice . Effective immunosuppressive regimens to prevent the development of graft versus host disease are essential to the success of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation . In this setting 2 recent randomized studies have demonstrated lower rates of GVHD and superior GVHD free relapse free survival with PTCy compared with conventional GVHD prophylaxis .507506,In the setting of T cell depleted full haplotype mismatched transplantation adoptive immunotherapy with regulatory T cells and conventional T cells can prevent graft versus host disease and improve post transplantation immunologic reconstitution and is associated with a powerful graft versus leukemia effect . To improve the purity and the quantity of the infused Tregs good manufacturing practices compatible expansion protocols are needed . Here we expanded Tregs using an automated clinical grade protocol . Cells were extensively characterized in vitro and their efficiency was tested in vivo in a mouse model . Tregs were selected by CliniMacs CD4,To improve the purity and the quantity of the infused Tregs good manufacturing practices compatible expansion protocols are needed . Cells were extensively characterized in vitro and their efficiency was tested in vivo in a mouse model . In the setting of T cell depleted full haplotype mismatched transplantation adoptive immunotherapy with regulatory T cells and conventional T cells can prevent graft versus host disease and improve post transplantation immunologic reconstitution and is associated with a powerful graft versus leukemia effect .508507,Chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy is approved in the United States for the treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia and aggressive B cell lymphomas . Multiple cardiovascular adverse events associated with CAR Ts have been observed in small studies but no large scale studies exist . Leveraging the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Events Reporting System we identified all reported adverse events associated with CAR T therapy from 2017 to 2019 . Reports with missing age and sex were excluded . CVEs were classified into arrhythmias heart failure myocardial infarction and other CVEs . Logistic regression and hierarchical clustering were used to identify factors associated with CVEs . A total of 996 reported AEs were observed . Of all patients experiencing AEs the median age was 54 years 38.9 were females . In total 19.7 of all AEs reported to the FDA were CVEs . The most common CVEs were arrhythmia followed by HF and MI . In adjusted analysis a positive association was observed between those presenting with CVE with neurotoxicity odds ratio 1.76 95 confidence interval 1.20 to 2.60,Of all patients experiencing AEs the median age was 54 years 38.9 were females . In total 19.7 of all AEs reported to the FDA were CVEs . Chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy is approved in the United States for the treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia and aggressive B cell lymphomas .509508,Plasma cell leukemia is a rare and very aggressive plasma cell disorder . The optimal treatment approach including whether to pursue an autologous or allogeneic stem cell transplantation is not clear given the lack of clinical trial based evidence . This single center retrospective study describes the outcomes of 16 patients with PCL who underwent either autoSCT or alloSCT for PCL in the era of novel agents between 2007 and 2019 . The median age of the cohort was 58 years . High risk cytogenetics were found in 50 of the patients . All patients received a proteasome inhibitor and or immunomodulatory drug based regimen before transplantation . At the time of transplantation 10 patients obtained at least a very good partial response . The response after autoSCT was at least a VGPR in 6 patients in 5 . All patients undergoing alloSCT achieved a CR at 3 months . Maintenance therapy was provided to 5 patients after autoSCT . The median progression free survival after transplantation was 6 months in the autoSCT group compared with 18 months in the alloSCT group,High risk cytogenetics were found in 50 of the patients . The median age of the cohort was 58 years . At the time of transplantation 10 patients obtained at least a very good partial response .510509,Hematopoietic cell transplantation generates new individuals transplant chimeras composed of 2 genetic partnersthe patient and donor derived cellsno longer restricted by their original genomes . Interactions of donor derived and recipient cells occur prominently at the boundary of the recipient with a third partner the microbiome in particular skin and intestinal tract leading to disruption of microbiome homeostasis . These interactions of donor and patient cells at the boundary set the stage for the development of graft versus host disease an expression of the defense of individuality by recipient and donor . Establishment of tolerance and return of homeostasis at the boundary will allow for the survival of the new integrated physiologic individual .,Interactions of donor derived and recipient cells occur prominently at the boundary of the recipient with a third partner the microbiome in particular skin and intestinal tract leading to disruption of microbiome homeostasis . Establishment of tolerance and return of homeostasis at the boundary will allow for the survival of the new integrated physiologic individual . These interactions of donor and patient cells at the boundary set the stage for the development of graft versus host disease an expression of the defense of individuality by recipient and donor .511510,Bovine respiratory syncytial virus and bovine parainfluenza 3 virus are major causes of bovine respiratory disease in newborn calves worldwide . Vaccination is widely used to prevent BRD and intranasal vaccines for BRSV and bPI3V were developed to overcome interference from BRSV and bPI3V specific maternally derived antibodies . Many experimental challenge trials have demonstrated that intranasal vaccines for BRSV and bPI3V are efficacious but effectiveness under field conditions has been demonstrated less often especially for newborn beef calves . The objective of this field trial was to compare the effectiveness of a newly available commercial BRSV bPI3V intranasal vaccine with that of a benchmarked one in newborn beef calves reared in a cow calf system . A total of 935 calves from 39 farms were randomized into two vaccine groups,The objective of this field trial was to compare the effectiveness of a newly available commercial BRSV bPI3V intranasal vaccine with that of a benchmarked one in newborn beef calves reared in a cow calf system . Bovine respiratory syncytial virus and bovine parainfluenza 3 virus are major causes of bovine respiratory disease in newborn calves worldwide . Vaccination is widely used to prevent BRD and intranasal vaccines for BRSV and bPI3V were developed to overcome interference from BRSV and bPI3V specific maternally derived antibodies .512511,The objective of this study was to assess how uterine disorders alter the lying behaviour and plasma biomarkers in dairy cows . 34 multiparous cows were retrospectively classified into three groups according to the first uterine disorder that cows were diagnosed with retained placenta metritis or healthy . Lying time and duration of lying bouts were monitored between 6 weeks prior to and 8 weeks after calving via the AfiAct II pedometer . Blood samples were collected routinely between 14 days before and 28 days after calving . Data was analysed using Proc MIXED of SAS ver . 9.4 .,The objective of this study was to assess how uterine disorders alter the lying behaviour and plasma biomarkers in dairy cows . Lying time and duration of lying bouts were monitored between 6 weeks prior to and 8 weeks after calving via the AfiAct II pedometer . Data was analysed using Proc MIXED of SAS ver .513512,Surface electrodes have been used in electromyography and nerve conduction studies in human and veterinary medicine but comparisons have not been made between surface and needle electrode recordings in dogs . Our aim in this method comparison study was to determine whether surface electrodes captured larger compound motor action potentials than needle electrodes . Tibial nerve CMAP from 25 dogs with normal limb function was acquired using both surface and needle recording electrodes the stimulus was elicited with monopolar concentric needles . Paired Wilcoxon signed rank test or a paired two tailed,Our aim in this method comparison study was to determine whether surface electrodes captured larger compound motor action potentials than needle electrodes . Tibial nerve CMAP from 25 dogs with normal limb function was acquired using both surface and needle recording electrodes the stimulus was elicited with monopolar concentric needles . Surface electrodes have been used in electromyography and nerve conduction studies in human and veterinary medicine but comparisons have not been made between surface and needle electrode recordings in dogs .514513,Atrial fibrillation in congestive heart failure is associated with a high risk of mortality and shorter survival times in human and veterinary medicine . A retrospective review of medical records was performed to evaluate the impact of AF on survival times in Doberman Pinschers with dilated cardiomyopathy . Time of first onset of CHF and its role as a prognostic factor were also determined as were predictors of AF development .,A retrospective review of medical records was performed to evaluate the impact of AF on survival times in Doberman Pinschers with dilated cardiomyopathy . Atrial fibrillation in congestive heart failure is associated with a high risk of mortality and shorter survival times in human and veterinary medicine . Time of first onset of CHF and its role as a prognostic factor were also determined as were predictors of AF development .515514,The aim of this study was to investigate the analgesic efficacy of a preoperative acupuncture treatment in 24 client owned dogs undergoing thoracolumbar hemilaminectomy . Dogs were randomly assigned to either group A or group C . Before skin incision group A was treated with acupuncture performed under general anaesthesia for 30 min . Rescue intraoperative fentanyl was administered following a 20 increase in cardiovascular parameters compared to baseline values measured before incision . An observer masked to the treatment assessed pain pre and postoperatively with the Glasgow the Colorado pain scales and a Visual Analogue Scale additionally the mechanical thresholds were measured with the Electronic von Frey Anaesthesiometer at four points located near the herniated disc . The groups were compared with respect to intraoperative cardiovascular and respiratory variables rescue fentanyl administered in total and at different surgical events drilling disc removal and skin suturing and pre and postoperative pain scores and MT .,The aim of this study was to investigate the analgesic efficacy of a preoperative acupuncture treatment in 24 client owned dogs undergoing thoracolumbar hemilaminectomy . An observer masked to the treatment assessed pain pre and postoperatively with the Glasgow the Colorado pain scales and a Visual Analogue Scale additionally the mechanical thresholds were measured with the Electronic von Frey Anaesthesiometer at four points located near the herniated disc . Rescue intraoperative fentanyl was administered following a 20 increase in cardiovascular parameters compared to baseline values measured before incision .516515,Detection and characterisation of cardiac arrhythmias in cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy has already been documented in various studies . However similar studies have not been reported for other forms of feline cardiomyopathy . The clinical records of 13 client owned cats diagnosed with restrictive cardiomyopathy arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy and non specific cardiomyopathy that underwent Holter recording at the time of diagnosis were reviewed retrospectively .,The clinical records of 13 client owned cats diagnosed with restrictive cardiomyopathy arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy and non specific cardiomyopathy that underwent Holter recording at the time of diagnosis were reviewed retrospectively . Detection and characterisation of cardiac arrhythmias in cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy has already been documented in various studies . However similar studies have not been reported for other forms of feline cardiomyopathy .517516,Cellular adaptation to a hypoxic microenvironment is essential for tumour progression and is largely mediated by HIF 1 and hypoxia regulated factors including CXCR4 VEGF A and GLUT 1 . In human osteosarcoma hypoxia is associated with resistance to chemotherapy as well as with metastasis and poor survival whereas little is known about its role in canine osteosarcoma . This study aimed primarily to evaluate the prognostic value of several known hypoxic markers in cOSA . Immunohistochemical analysis for HIF 1 CXCR4 VEGF A and GLUT 1 was performed on 56 appendicular OSA samples correlations with clinicopathological features and outcome was investigated . The second aim was to investigate the in vitro regulation of markers under chemically induced hypoxia CoCl,The second aim was to investigate the in vitro regulation of markers under chemically induced hypoxia CoCl This study aimed primarily to evaluate the prognostic value of several known hypoxic markers in cOSA . Immunohistochemical analysis for HIF 1 CXCR4 VEGF A and GLUT 1 was performed on 56 appendicular OSA samples correlations with clinicopathological features and outcome was investigated .518517,Clinical disease from otitis media in calves is a significant problem in the dairy industry and evaluation of disease severity chronicity and imaging remains a challenge .,Clinical disease from otitis media in calves is a significant problem in the dairy industry and evaluation of disease severity chronicity and imaging remains a challenge .519518,This study examined the effect that veterinarian attire and gender had on clients perceptions of veterinarians in a large academic specialty hospital . Clients volunteered to answer a survey in the small animal waiting area over a 3 month period . The survey consisted of demographic information information about the nature of their appointment with their pet and questions regarding clients levels of comfort with and the perceived trustworthiness of a Caucasian male and Caucasian female model in four different types of attire surgical scrubs surgical scrubs with white lab coat business casual and business casual with white lab coat . Relevant effects of interest were estimated using linear mixed models .,This study examined the effect that veterinarian attire and gender had on clients perceptions of veterinarians in a large academic specialty hospital . The survey consisted of demographic information information about the nature of their appointment with their pet and questions regarding clients levels of comfort with and the perceived trustworthiness of a Caucasian male and Caucasian female model in four different types of attire surgical scrubs surgical scrubs with white lab coat business casual and business casual with white lab coat . Clients volunteered to answer a survey in the small animal waiting area over a 3 month period .520519,Mammary tumours occur frequently in female dogs where such tumours exhibit complexity when examined histologically . These tumours are composed not only of proliferative luminal epithelial cells but also of myoepithelial cells and or mesenchymal cells with cartilage and osseous tissues in a solitary mass . The origin of this complexed histogenesis remains speculative but cancer stem cells are likely involved . CSCs possess self renewing capacity differentiation potential high tumourigenicity in immunodeficient mice and resistance to chemotherapy and radiation . These cells are at the apex of a hierarchy in cancer tissues and are involved in tumour initiation recurrence and metastasis . For these reasons understanding the properties of CSCs is of paramount importance . Analysis of the characteristics of CSCs may contribute to the elucidation of the histogenesis underlying canine mammary tumours formulation of novel CSC targeted therapeutic strategies and development of biomarkers for early diagnostic and prognostic applications . Here we review research on CSCs in canine mammary tumours focusing on identification and properties of CSCs hypotheses regarding hierarchal structures in simple type complex type and mixed tumours of the canine mammary gland and current and prospective studies of CSC metabolism .,These cells are at the apex of a hierarchy in cancer tissues and are involved in tumour initiation recurrence and metastasis . Analysis of the characteristics of CSCs may contribute to the elucidation of the histogenesis underlying canine mammary tumours formulation of novel CSC targeted therapeutic strategies and development of biomarkers for early diagnostic and prognostic applications . Here we review research on CSCs in canine mammary tumours focusing on identification and properties of CSCs hypotheses regarding hierarchal structures in simple type complex type and mixed tumours of the canine mammary gland and current and prospective studies of CSC metabolism .521520,Multi component pollutant oil water emulsion from the fast growing industry seriously threatens the human health and ecological environment which poses a huge challenge to membrane technology . Recently 2D MXene materials have shown promising and potential candidates for functional separation membranes . Herein for the first time a multitasking hierarchical,Herein for the first time a multitasking hierarchical Multi component pollutant oil water emulsion from the fast growing industry seriously threatens the human health and ecological environment which poses a huge challenge to membrane technology . Recently 2D MXene materials have shown promising and potential candidates for functional separation membranes .522521,Conductive hybrid nanofillers have become front facet of the recent research interest because of the scientific and techno commercial significance of these materials . Herein we report the fabrication of chlorinated polyethylene nanocomposites filled with hybrid nanofiller of functionalized carbon nanofiber and nano structured ketjen carbon black by using solution blending approach . Incorporation of hybrid nanofiller in CPE matrix led to a drastic enhancement in thermal mechanical and electrical properties . Proper distribution of hybrid nanofiller leads excellent electrical conductivity of 2.210,Herein we report the fabrication of chlorinated polyethylene nanocomposites filled with hybrid nanofiller of functionalized carbon nanofiber and nano structured ketjen carbon black by using solution blending approach . Incorporation of hybrid nanofiller in CPE matrix led to a drastic enhancement in thermal mechanical and electrical properties . Proper distribution of hybrid nanofiller leads excellent electrical conductivity of 2.210523522,Sound insulation materials in the traditional sense are rigid which are usually dense and bulky while common porous materials have almost no sound insulation ability . Herein a fiber based flexible porous composite is presented as sound insulator fabricated via single sided coating finishing on the one side of a nonwoven framework and has been demonstrated for high performance noise reduction . The enhanced acoustic insulation is identified to be structure dependent of the area density and microstructure of the sound insulator and the type of filler . The flexible sound insulator exhibits 100 enhancement in broadband acoustic insulation over the whole frequency range compared to the bare nonwovens . And the most sound transmission loss of at the peak is up to 37dB which is about 30 times that of bare nonwovens . Furthermore the novel sound insulator has an admirable dual gradient structure in which the concentration gradient of coating finishing agent is opposite to the pore gradient . Therefore sound insulation capacity of the sound insulator exhibits obviously anisotropy according to the incident direction of sound waves . This flexible porous material for broad band sound insulation has an easy and inexpensive scalable production demonstrating its great potential for lightweight requirements for specific applications .,The enhanced acoustic insulation is identified to be structure dependent of the area density and microstructure of the sound insulator and the type of filler . Therefore sound insulation capacity of the sound insulator exhibits obviously anisotropy according to the incident direction of sound waves . And the most sound transmission loss of at the peak is up to 37dB which is about 30 times that of bare nonwovens .524523,Polymeric composites with the advantages of easy process light weight and good chemical resistance were employed in thermal management . The construction of a new type thermal conductive filler has become an efficient method for improving the thermal transportation performance of polymer composite . In this work a barnacle like nano crystalline,Polymeric composites with the advantages of easy process light weight and good chemical resistance were employed in thermal management . The construction of a new type thermal conductive filler has become an efficient method for improving the thermal transportation performance of polymer composite . In this work a barnacle like nano crystalline525524,Efficient anti icing techniques are of great implications in many fields of our society . In this work multi functional copolymers containing siloxane units are designed to prepare durable anti icing coating . The presence of siloxane groups endows the copolymers with triggered self crosslinking ability strong self adhesiveness and high structural stability in severe conditions which further enhanced the mechanical chemical durability of the composite coatings . The optimal composite coating containing 40wt copolymer and 60wt fluorinated silicon dioxide exhibits excellent water repellency with contact angle beyond 160 and sliding angle below 2 . The water freezing time can be postponed to 1765sat 20C in concrete with the ice adhesion strength as low as 68.1kPa . More impressively the performance of this anti icing coating can be well maintained even after over 110 cycles sandpaper abrasion at 2.5kPa and 20 icing deicing cycles or immerging in various corrosive organic conditions for more than 10 days . The composite coatings can be well applied on surfaces with diverse properties such as metal ceramics glass and polymer for a myriad of anti icing applications .,The presence of siloxane groups endows the copolymers with triggered self crosslinking ability strong self adhesiveness and high structural stability in severe conditions which further enhanced the mechanical chemical durability of the composite coatings . The optimal composite coating containing 40wt copolymer and 60wt fluorinated silicon dioxide exhibits excellent water repellency with contact angle beyond 160 and sliding angle below 2 . In this work multi functional copolymers containing siloxane units are designed to prepare durable anti icing coating .526525,Due to the hydrophilic nature of the aluminophosphate adhesives their application in the wood based board industries is rarely considered . Herein the AP adhesives with reduced graphene oxide,Herein the AP adhesives with reduced graphene oxide Due to the hydrophilic nature of the aluminophosphate adhesives their application in the wood based board industries is rarely considered .527526,As a promising ultrasound device the optoacoustic transducer whose core part is an organic inorganic composite causes much attention and creates new opportunities . Unfortunately how to control its operational frequency is still an open question . Here taking the advantage of an aligned carbon nanotubes array polydimethylsiloxane composite with anisotropic thermal conductivity we introduce a novel optoacoustic transducer . Based on an advanced inductively coupled plasma etching technology the composite s thickness can be reduced from 200m to 18m . When its thickness is approximately 18m high frequency laser generated ultrasound can be obtained . It is demonstrated experimentally and theoretically that the transducer s operational frequency is reverse proportion to the thickness of CNTs array PDMS composite which can confirm that this optoacoustic transducer works in thickness mode . Furthermore this kind of device can be miniaturized and amounted on tip of an optical fiber to realize all optical high frequency ultrasound imaging . All these encouraging results suggest that this novel CNTs array PDMS composite may provide an effective path for the frequency control of the optoacoustic transducer and this obtained device has the potential to be used for biomedical ultrasound applications in the future .,Here taking the advantage of an aligned carbon nanotubes array polydimethylsiloxane composite with anisotropic thermal conductivity we introduce a novel optoacoustic transducer . Based on an advanced inductively coupled plasma etching technology the composite s thickness can be reduced from 200m to 18m . Furthermore this kind of device can be miniaturized and amounted on tip of an optical fiber to realize all optical high frequency ultrasound imaging .528527,Enhancing matrix crystallization via forming stereocomplex crystallite has been considered as an effect way to improve the impact toughness and heat resistance of poly,Enhancing matrix crystallization via forming stereocomplex crystallite has been considered as an effect way to improve the impact toughness and heat resistance of poly529528,Hydroxyapatite whiskers and magnesium substituted hydroxyapatite whiskers with 1 3 and 5mol magnesium ion substitution contents were successfully prepared by the hydrothermal method . The incorporation of Mg ion into the HAp Ws led to a morphology including a combination of whiskers and particles and a decrease in the crystal interplanar spacing . Then the HAp Ws and Mg HAp Ws were further introduced into a poly,The incorporation of Mg ion into the HAp Ws led to a morphology including a combination of whiskers and particles and a decrease in the crystal interplanar spacing . Hydroxyapatite whiskers and magnesium substituted hydroxyapatite whiskers with 1 3 and 5mol magnesium ion substitution contents were successfully prepared by the hydrothermal method . Then the HAp Ws and Mg HAp Ws were further introduced into a poly530529,Electromagnetic interference shielding composites with high efficiency low conductive fillers and easy available have been attracted the wide attention . Herein the multi walled carbon nanotubes were confined distribution in the surface area of poly to achieve the sandwiched composites by a two step melt compression . First thin PCL MWCNT conductive layers and pure PCL layers with different thickness were melt compressed respectively . Second two PCLNT layers at two sides and one PCL layer in the middle were melt compressed again to form the composites with MWCNTs distribution in the surface area . The sandwiched composites exhibited higher EMI shielding effectiveness than the conventional PCLNT composites with random distribution of MWCNTs . For example the EMI,The sandwiched composites exhibited higher EMI shielding effectiveness than the conventional PCLNT composites with random distribution of MWCNTs . Herein the multi walled carbon nanotubes were confined distribution in the surface area of poly to achieve the sandwiched composites by a two step melt compression . For example the EMI531530,A sandwich panel based on upcycled bottle caps core and sustainable components is investigated to contribute to advances in lightweight and environmentally friendly structural solutions . Ecological alternatives to the panel skin and adhesive such as a recycled PET bottle foil and a castor oil bio polyurethane respectively are tested and compared to commercial components . Bottle caps are characterised using a small punch test specially developed to obtain the properties of the bottle caps . Additionally low cost reinforcement is added to adhesives to enhance the mechanical behaviour of the panel . The sustainable panels achieve enhanced efficiency compared to aluminium based panels for core shear strength and stiffness besides having similar specific flexural properties compared to those of epoxy based PET panels . Despite their higher strength and stiffness epoxy polymer based panels show visible adhesive peeling off to bottle caps core and aluminium skin . In contrast the biopolymer exhibits larger deformation and debonding of both substrates indicating a progressive and ductile failure . The satisfactory efficiency of sustainable panels confirms the promising reuse of recycled bottle caps in structural applications .,In contrast the biopolymer exhibits larger deformation and debonding of both substrates indicating a progressive and ductile failure . Additionally low cost reinforcement is added to adhesives to enhance the mechanical behaviour of the panel . The satisfactory efficiency of sustainable panels confirms the promising reuse of recycled bottle caps in structural applications .532531,The hard WC Co composites usually have weak toughness . The present work solved this issue by a new strategy of fabricating nanocrystalline composites which consists of concurrent crystallization carbonization and sintering densification of the amorphous compound powder . The resultant nanocrystalline WC Co composite has distinctly larger proportion of interfacial coherency at the grain and phase boundaries compared with that in the conventional counterparts . The formation mechanisms of the coherent WC grain boundaries Co twinning boundaries and step like semi coherent WC Co phase boundaries were demonstrated on the atomic scale . Moreover the contributions of the characteristic interfaces to the resistance against intergranular fracture which dominates the failure of nanocrystalline composites in the deformation were illustrated based on the analyses of atomic configuration and crystallographic relationship at interfaces . The reasons were disclosed for the advanced comprehensive properties with simultaneously ultrahigh hardness and fracture toughness of the prepared nanocrystalline composite . The present technology and mechanisms for properties enhancement will be applicable to a large variety of composite materials .,The reasons were disclosed for the advanced comprehensive properties with simultaneously ultrahigh hardness and fracture toughness of the prepared nanocrystalline composite . Moreover the contributions of the characteristic interfaces to the resistance against intergranular fracture which dominates the failure of nanocrystalline composites in the deformation were illustrated based on the analyses of atomic configuration and crystallographic relationship at interfaces . The present work solved this issue by a new strategy of fabricating nanocrystalline composites which consists of concurrent crystallization carbonization and sintering densification of the amorphous compound powder .533532,The development of poly composites having flame retardancy tensile toughness and transparency is the state of the art which requires meticulous selection and combination of additives . To achieve this goal an ionic liquid tetrabutylphosphonium tetrafluoroborate is synthesized and used as a synergist for ammonium polyphosphate . Due to the high synergistic effect between them only 1.5wt IL and 1.5wt APP can endow PLA with fire safety i.e . limiting oxygen index of 27.2 UL 94 V 0 rating and low heat release rate of 290kWm,The development of poly composites having flame retardancy tensile toughness and transparency is the state of the art which requires meticulous selection and combination of additives . limiting oxygen index of 27.2 UL 94 V 0 rating and low heat release rate of 290kWm To achieve this goal an ionic liquid tetrabutylphosphonium tetrafluoroborate is synthesized and used as a synergist for ammonium polyphosphate .534533,As an important inorganic material geopolymer has been widely used for ceramics and sustainable cement in concrete . Sodium aluminosilicate hydrate gel known as the zeolite precursor gel has the most critical impact on the performance of geopolymer . The nano micromechanical properties of N A S H have been investigated in several studies but the resutls are always inconsistent . A novel compromise approach using Maximum Likelihood Estimation for deconvolution of nanoindentation data is introduced to fundamentally further understand this issue in this study . Correlation and difference of different statistical techniques are compared to clarify the rationality of this method . Multiple characterization techniques including microstructure observation at micro and nano scale element analysis and crystal identification are applied to reveal the mechanisms . The results indicate that the elastic modulus and hardness of the N A S H gel in geopolymer under different silica modulus and curing conditions vary in a small range from 10.50 to 14.30GPa and from 0.40 to 0.57GPa respectively . When applying statistical nanoindentation in geopolymer two kinds of spurious phases mixed phases and sub phases are unavoidable . For the MLE method adopted the errors generated from analytical technique were estimated to be only 0.68 and 0.13GPa for elastic modulus and hardness respectively .,Correlation and difference of different statistical techniques are compared to clarify the rationality of this method . For the MLE method adopted the errors generated from analytical technique were estimated to be only 0.68 and 0.13GPa for elastic modulus and hardness respectively . The results indicate that the elastic modulus and hardness of the N A S H gel in geopolymer under different silica modulus and curing conditions vary in a small range from 10.50 to 14.30GPa and from 0.40 to 0.57GPa respectively .535534,Multiwalled carbon nanotube dispersed polyamide 66 nanocomposites were fabricated by melt mixing pretreated MWCNTs and PA66 and the effects of pretreating techniques and types of pretreating materials were investigated . The non fluffy method and the dry coating method were studied to determine the effects of pretreatment techniques . The tensile properties were enhanced by the NFM . However the DCM improved the stability of the process which greatly decreased the coefficient of variation of the physical properties . To examine the effects of pretreatment materials an epoxy modifier a fluorosurfactant and a silane coupling agent triethoxysilane APTES were evaluated . Compared with DGEBF FSO100 and APTES noticeably improved the tensile properties . However DGEBF provided highly stable physical properties . Furthermore the relationship between the stability of physical properties and MWCNT dispersion was investigated . Dispersion was quantified in terms of the dispersion ratio which was determined by Voronoi diagram analysis . The dispersion ratio was inversely correlated with the CVs of the physical properties .,Furthermore the relationship between the stability of physical properties and MWCNT dispersion was investigated . The dispersion ratio was inversely correlated with the CVs of the physical properties . The non fluffy method and the dry coating method were studied to determine the effects of pretreatment techniques .536535,Large dielectric loss and low energy storage efficiency are common problems of poly and its copolymers based energy storage dielectrics which has limited their applications . To solve these problems linear dielectric polymethyl methacrylate with low intrinsic dielectric loss was chosen as the interlayers of P to form the multilayer structure dielectric . A small amount of silicon dioxide coated Ba,A small amount of silicon dioxide coated Ba To solve these problems linear dielectric polymethyl methacrylate with low intrinsic dielectric loss was chosen as the interlayers of P to form the multilayer structure dielectric . Large dielectric loss and low energy storage efficiency are common problems of poly and its copolymers based energy storage dielectrics which has limited their applications .537536,Hydrogels mimic the tissue environment because of their hydrophilic and porous network structures . They are widely investigated in biomedical and biotechnological fields however due to the poor mechanical properties and limited functions their further applications are restricted . In order to tackle these problems an emerging approach is focused on the development of nanocomposite hydrogels . Numerous nanoparticles including carbon based silica polymeric and metal based nanoparticles have been incorporated into hydrogels . The combination of the two different materials results in a hybrid material with synergistic properties of both components . Nanocomposite hydrogels are designed to possess superior physicochemical and biological properties . Therefore they are rapidly developing new materials which have predominant applications in biological and material sciences . In this manuscript we intended to summarize recent development in the nanocomposite hydrogels and their applications in the biomedical field .,The combination of the two different materials results in a hybrid material with synergistic properties of both components . In order to tackle these problems an emerging approach is focused on the development of nanocomposite hydrogels . In this manuscript we intended to summarize recent development in the nanocomposite hydrogels and their applications in the biomedical field .538537,Ultra High Performance Concrete is a relatively new construction material which has been investigated over the past few decades . Despite its exceptional mechanical strength UHPC still requires passive steel reinforcement to maximise its bending capacity and the overall material cost will be high . The basalt fibre rebar has a higher mechanical strength than steel rebar with lower cost . In addition it also has better alkali resistance and good cost effectiveness . The basalt fibre rebar is therefore considered as a potential alternative reinforcement in the structural member . In this study a recently developed UHPC formula was adopted the conventional steel rebar and basalt fibre rebar were used as reinforcement . The developed components were tested against static flexural and methane air explosion loads . In the four point flexural tests the basalt fibre rebar reinforced specimen performed more ductile structural behaviour with higher flexural strength . Two large scale methane air explosion tests were conducted in buried utility tunnels with different length . The experimental test in shorter tunnel yielded lower explosion pressure with marginal structural response . The test in longer tunnel achieved a higher explosion pressure on concrete elements . The C30 and UHPC specimens with steel basalt fibre rebar reinforcement were tested . The pressure and deflection data revealed that basalt fibre rebar reinforced UHPC component had a more ductile structural behaviour against accidental gas explosion .,The test in longer tunnel achieved a higher explosion pressure on concrete elements . The developed components were tested against static flexural and methane air explosion loads . The C30 and UHPC specimens with steel basalt fibre rebar reinforcement were tested .539538,Novel fiber metal hybrid tubes with overlapped fiber reinforced plastics and aluminum layers were proposed in this paper . By combining progressive failure behavior of composites and large plastic deformation of metal materials the structure was hybridized at mesoscopic scale . To this end circular fiber aluminum hybrid tubes with various inner diameters combined with parent materials were fabricated using vacuum bag molding process . Quasi static uniaxial compressive tests were conducted to comprehensively explore the effects of geometric factors and failure patterns on energy absorption capability . The experimental results revealed that the pristine FRP and CF Al hybrid tubes collapsed in a progressive failure mode and generated abundant intra and inter laminar cracks during crushing . The GF Al hybrid tubes with large diameters collapsed in an unstable and inefficient mode due to local buckling and delamination . Compared with bare aluminum tubes the specific energy absorption and crushing force efficiency of CF Al hybrid structures were improved significantly by respectively 54.3 and 40.4 for tubes with 40mm inner diameter . Furthermore the CFE of CF Al hybrid structures improved by more than 40 when compared to their bare CFRP counterparts though the SEA reduced by more than 5.5 . In sum the proposed hybrid design efficiently reduced the peak crushing force with desirable SEA which has great potential for low cost and lightweight energy absorber applications .,Novel fiber metal hybrid tubes with overlapped fiber reinforced plastics and aluminum layers were proposed in this paper . By combining progressive failure behavior of composites and large plastic deformation of metal materials the structure was hybridized at mesoscopic scale . Quasi static uniaxial compressive tests were conducted to comprehensively explore the effects of geometric factors and failure patterns on energy absorption capability .540539,N doped carbon nanosheet and B N co doped carbon nanosheet are first prepared through exfoliation of carbon of Schiff based covalent organic frameworks under ultrasound using sodium lignin sulfonate as the intercalation agent and modifier . Then poly BNC nanocomposite with enhanced thermal oxidation stability good mechanical performances and enhanced flame retardancy has been prepared through solution blending . The temperature at 5wt weight loss and peak heat release rate of PVA loaded with 4wt of BNC nanosheet increase by 31.9C and 57.3 compared with that of untreated PVA respectively . A new fire hazard evaluation system based on analytic hierarchy process is raised to comprehensively estimate fire risk of prepared sample . It is deduced from AHP that PVA loaded with 4wt BNC nanosheet shows the lowest fire risk . The effect of BNC nanosheet on pyrolysis mode of PVA in gaseous and condensed phase has also been investigated to figure out the reason for low fire risk of treated PVA .,The effect of BNC nanosheet on pyrolysis mode of PVA in gaseous and condensed phase has also been investigated to figure out the reason for low fire risk of treated PVA . The temperature at 5wt weight loss and peak heat release rate of PVA loaded with 4wt of BNC nanosheet increase by 31.9C and 57.3 compared with that of untreated PVA respectively . A new fire hazard evaluation system based on analytic hierarchy process is raised to comprehensively estimate fire risk of prepared sample .541540,Proteins polysaccharide scaffolds have been attracted extensive attentions in tissue engineering for decades . However degradation of these biocomposites are still unknown owe to their difference in hydrophilicity pore morphology density and crystallinity which obviously limits their applications . Here we designed a silk fibroin hyaluronic acid nerve conduit with oriented channels combining with different components and HA interpenetrating network to improve stability and biodegradation of the conduit . The conduit exhibited well organized porous structure remarkable flexibility water absorption and stability determined by morphology and solubility tests . The structure analysis showed that the silk I structures are dominant of the SF HA conduits . The drug release behavior of the conduits demonstrated gradient release of rhodamine B with an attribute to the oriented channels . Further by HA skeleton of interpenetrating network the SF HA conduits retained conduit and porous morphology in protease XIV solution for 21days . More importantly the conduits showed good biocompatibility which are verified by the growth and phenotype of mouse embryonic stem cell . This study broadening the understanding of the biodegradation behavior of protein polysaccharide biocomposites and provides promising design strategy for nerve conduits .,The drug release behavior of the conduits demonstrated gradient release of rhodamine B with an attribute to the oriented channels . The structure analysis showed that the silk I structures are dominant of the SF HA conduits . This study broadening the understanding of the biodegradation behavior of protein polysaccharide biocomposites and provides promising design strategy for nerve conduits .542541,In order to improve the flame retardancy while maintaining the excellent mechanical properties and heat resistance of epoxy resin a novel P N S containing high efficiency flame retardant named TAP was designed and synthesized by a simple one pot reaction among 2 thenaldehyde 2 aminobenzothiazole and 9 10 dihydro 9 oxa 10 phosphaphenanthrene 10 oxide . The chemical structure of TAP was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,The chemical structure of TAP was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy In order to improve the flame retardancy while maintaining the excellent mechanical properties and heat resistance of epoxy resin a novel P N S containing high efficiency flame retardant named TAP was designed and synthesized by a simple one pot reaction among 2 thenaldehyde 2 aminobenzothiazole and 9 10 dihydro 9 oxa 10 phosphaphenanthrene 10 oxide .543542,Polysulfide rubbers have been widely used as high performance sealants to line or seal aircraft fuel tanks . In this research liquid polysulfide oligomers graphene oxide nanocomposite was prepared through the mild reaction between liquid polysulfide oligomers and graphene oxide nanosheets and was dispersed into PSR to obtain LPO GO PSR composites . Benefit from the grafting of polysulfide oligomer segments on the surface of GO good dispersion of LPO GO in PSR matrix was achieved . The mechanical properties of PSR composites were enhanced by LPO GO . The elongation at break and tensile strength of the 0.5 LPO GO PSR composites were about 70 and 43 higher than that of neat PSR . The dynamic mechanical thermal analysis results showed that the storage modulus of PSR was increased by 206 when 0.5 of LPO GO was added . The broadband dielectric spectroscopy results indicated that LPO GO was well dispersed in PSR and some phenomena of molecular chain movement in PSR matrix . Study of the reinforcing mechanism showed that a number of thiol groups and SS bonds had been attached onto the surface of GO after being modified by LPO which quietly promoted the dispersion of LPO GO in PSR matrix and strengthened the interfacial interactions between LPO GO with PSR .,The elongation at break and tensile strength of the 0.5 LPO GO PSR composites were about 70 and 43 higher than that of neat PSR . The broadband dielectric spectroscopy results indicated that LPO GO was well dispersed in PSR and some phenomena of molecular chain movement in PSR matrix . The mechanical properties of PSR composites were enhanced by LPO GO .544543,It is difficult for polymeric materials to avoid the conflict between the mechanical properties and flowability in manufacturing large sized injection molded products . To solve the issue this paper develops an industrial volume pulsatile injection molding machine to introduce a high amplitude vibration force field into the entire injection molding process . As a one step morphology control the vibration force field can drive the dispersed Poly droplets to form the stiff microfibrils to improve the mechanical properties of the high density polyethylene with high melt flow index . HDPE matrix is toughened and reinforced simultaneously under the synergistic effect of VPIM and PET . The impact and yield strengths of the HDPE PET composite sample prepared by VPIM are increased by 696 and 28.5 respectively compared with that of the pure HDPE sample prepared by conventional injection molding . The optimal process frequency is found to be 0.5Hz for the mechanical properties of HDPE PET composite . The phase and impact fractured surface morphologies indicate that the dramatic improvement of the mechanical properties should be attributed to the in situ formation of PET submicron fibrils and hybrid shish kebabs in the intermediate region . The morphological analysis results are verified by DSC DMA 2D WAXD and 2D SAXD tests . From a multi physics perspective the influencing mechanism of the vibration flow field on the morphology is put forward to reveal why the mechanical properties of HDPE PET composite are the best at 0.5Hz .,HDPE matrix is toughened and reinforced simultaneously under the synergistic effect of VPIM and PET . The phase and impact fractured surface morphologies indicate that the dramatic improvement of the mechanical properties should be attributed to the in situ formation of PET submicron fibrils and hybrid shish kebabs in the intermediate region . The impact and yield strengths of the HDPE PET composite sample prepared by VPIM are increased by 696 and 28.5 respectively compared with that of the pure HDPE sample prepared by conventional injection molding .545544,As one of widely used multi functional materials metallic foams are often subjected to multiaxial stress states in practical applications in which the yield behaviors under different stress states need to be better characterized . However it is difficult to conduct multiaxial mechanical tests on foam materials especially under arbitrarily proportional triaxial loadings . In this study numerical modeling of the yield properties of aluminum foam is performed based upon 3D image based models . Real structural models of the Al foam are reconstructed using microscopic X ray computed tomography technique for multiaxial characterization computationally . Numerical simulation reveals that plastic collapse and fracture of cell walls first occur in a relatively weak zone under prescribed uni tri axial loadings whereas happen in the central section under biaxial loadings . An initial yield criterion is defined based upon energy dissipation . A constant stress proportion coefficient can be obtained under the stress controlled triaxial proportional loading and its effectiveness is also validated by comparing the stress strain responses with those under velocity controlled uniaxial and hydrostatic compressive loading . It is found that the initial yield points of foam specimens can be obtained in different stress states in the von Mises mean stress space . The normalized yield surface is approximately independent of relative density and can be well fitted to a parabolic or an elliptic function . Comparisons between the numerical yield surface and three typical theoretical yield criteria suggest that the Deshpande and Fleck s criterion provides more precise predictions than Gibson and Miller yield criteria when a proper plastic Poisson s ratio is adopted . Furthermore it is shown that the early stage yield surface of metallic foams can be evolved in a geometrically self similar manner .,In this study numerical modeling of the yield properties of aluminum foam is performed based upon 3D image based models . Furthermore it is shown that the early stage yield surface of metallic foams can be evolved in a geometrically self similar manner . Real structural models of the Al foam are reconstructed using microscopic X ray computed tomography technique for multiaxial characterization computationally .546545,In this work the copper affinity DTPA functionalized magnetic composite was prepared and as an outstanding separation platform to isolate specific bovine hemoglobin from bovine serum . Firstly the Fe,Firstly the Fe In this work the copper affinity DTPA functionalized magnetic composite was prepared and as an outstanding separation platform to isolate specific bovine hemoglobin from bovine serum .547546,A novel one step flame synthesis method was used to coat carbon nanotubes onto plain weave S glass fibre fabrics . Nickel chloride as a catalyst was applied on the GF fabrics and CNTs were formed in an ethanol flame . Results showed that different carbon materials were synthesised and they were sensitive to the flame synthesis parameters . Short CNTs were dominant with a low catalyst concentration of 0.2mol L and long CNTs started to appear when the catalyst was increased to 0.4 and 0.6mol L. With even higher catalyst concentration at 0.8 and 1.0mol L most of the CNTs were embedded in a thick layer of carbon soot . In addition the thermal and electrical conductivities of GF epoxy and multi scale CNT GF epoxy composites were measured . Compared to GF epoxy composite a more than 40 increase of thermal conductivity and 10 orders of magnitude decrease of electrical resistance were achieved in these multi scale CNT GF epoxy composites .,Short CNTs were dominant with a low catalyst concentration of 0.2mol L and long CNTs started to appear when the catalyst was increased to 0.4 and 0.6mol L. With even higher catalyst concentration at 0.8 and 1.0mol L most of the CNTs were embedded in a thick layer of carbon soot . In addition the thermal and electrical conductivities of GF epoxy and multi scale CNT GF epoxy composites were measured . Nickel chloride as a catalyst was applied on the GF fabrics and CNTs were formed in an ethanol flame .548547,Fibre reinforced polymeric composites bonded with epoxy adhesives often fail ungraciously manifesting fibre tear failure due to the edge peel stresses . This research work proposes phenol formaldehyde based hyperelastic adhesive as a compliant adhesive for tailoring the single lap joints consisting of GFRP adherends and well toughened epoxy adhesive joints . The failure strength of the AF3109 and EA9696 adhesive joints is increased by 51.64 and 24.25 respectively by having 20 volume of compliant adhesive in the bond line . Finite element simulations with Exponential Drucker Prager and Marlow strain energy models are carried out to simulate the experimental load displacement response . Different failure mechanisms and the influence of adhesive intermingling are revealed by the failure analysis . Finally a failure mode map for the tailored adhesive joints is proposed in terms of normalised strength ratio and the normalised volume of the compliant adhesive .,Finally a failure mode map for the tailored adhesive joints is proposed in terms of normalised strength ratio and the normalised volume of the compliant adhesive . The failure strength of the AF3109 and EA9696 adhesive joints is increased by 51.64 and 24.25 respectively by having 20 volume of compliant adhesive in the bond line . Different failure mechanisms and the influence of adhesive intermingling are revealed by the failure analysis .549548,Recently porous carbon hybrids have attracted ever increasing attention as electrode materials for supercapacitors but it remains a great challenge to simultaneously control their pore structure and element composition with optimal electrochemical performances . Herein Na,Herein Na Recently porous carbon hybrids have attracted ever increasing attention as electrode materials for supercapacitors but it remains a great challenge to simultaneously control their pore structure and element composition with optimal electrochemical performances .550549,While silver nanoparticles are widely used to endow materials with antibacterial activity silver nanowires have not attracted much attention . Herein the composites of bacterial cellulose and AgNWs were prepared through a novel step by step,Herein the composites of bacterial cellulose and AgNWs were prepared through a novel step by step While silver nanoparticles are widely used to endow materials with antibacterial activity silver nanowires have not attracted much attention .551550,The increasingly severe electromagnetic pollution calls for high performance microwave absorption materials . Lightweight robust and porous MXene polyimide aerogels with reversible compressibility anisotropic pressure sensitivity and microwave absorption performances are fabricated by interface reinforcement and bidirectional freezing approach . The interfaces between MXene sheets are effectively reinforced by incorporated polyimide while anisotropic wave like lamellar architectures are constructed during the bidirectional freezing process due to the generated dual temperature gradients . The highly anisotropic aerogel exhibits obvious higher mechanical strength and electrical conductivity along the lamella direction but better elasticity and less energy dissipation in the normal direction . The reversibly compressible porous MP architecture not only delivers steady and repeatable electrical resistance response but also presents long term discernible direction dependent pressure sensitivity for 1000 loading release cycles at a strain of 50 . The anisotropic and porous architecture benefits microwave absorption . The structure optimization yields tunable effective absorption bandwidth in a range of 3.918GHz . Particularly the MP aerogel shows the best EAB of 6.5GHz for reported MXene based microwave absorbers at only 1.91mm and the EAB covers the whole X band for an aerogel with a thickness of 2.57mm . These promising characteristics make the interfacially reinforced anisotropic MXene aerogels applicable for wearable piezoresistive devices and microwave absorbing materials .,Particularly the MP aerogel shows the best EAB of 6.5GHz for reported MXene based microwave absorbers at only 1.91mm and the EAB covers the whole X band for an aerogel with a thickness of 2.57mm . The structure optimization yields tunable effective absorption bandwidth in a range of 3.918GHz . The highly anisotropic aerogel exhibits obvious higher mechanical strength and electrical conductivity along the lamella direction but better elasticity and less energy dissipation in the normal direction .552551,In this study a layer by layer method was adopted to firstly fabricate superoleophobic superhydrophilic photocatalytic and flame retardant polyethylene terephthalate fabric . The fabric obtained self extinguished fire retardance through alternative adsorption of charged branched poly phytic acid and ammonium polyphosphate and this was achieved by repeated assembly of only two bilayers . The coating solution consisting of fluorosurfactant with negative charge and TiO,The coating solution consisting of fluorosurfactant with negative charge and TiO The fabric obtained self extinguished fire retardance through alternative adsorption of charged branched poly phytic acid and ammonium polyphosphate and this was achieved by repeated assembly of only two bilayers . In this study a layer by layer method was adopted to firstly fabricate superoleophobic superhydrophilic photocatalytic and flame retardant polyethylene terephthalate fabric .553552,In this research prediction of mechanical properties of short fiber reinforced composites manufactured with the help of fused filament fabrication process is investigated . Three scale formulation of asymptotic homogenization is employed to upscale the properties from microscale to mesoscale and from mesoscale to macroscale . Since generating microscale representative volume element infused with short fibers requires sophisticated modeling tools the algorithm for the microscale RVE generation is presented and discussed . Homogenization was performed for microscale RVEs with random and aligned fiber orientations and for mesoscale RVEs with unidirectional and 0 90 layup formation . Tensile tests were performed for different short carbon fiber concentrations 5 7.5 and 10 to validate predicted homogenized properties . Moreover to analyze the morphology of 3D printed specimens microstructural analysis using SEM was performed on all the printed specimens . Surface morphology helped to gain more insight into the bead structure and fiber distribution . It was concluded that Young s modulus prediction using random fiber orientation has low relative errors tested in bead direction . Overall this study has unique contribution to mechanical property prediction for FFF made short fiber reinforced composite parts .,In this research prediction of mechanical properties of short fiber reinforced composites manufactured with the help of fused filament fabrication process is investigated . Moreover to analyze the morphology of 3D printed specimens microstructural analysis using SEM was performed on all the printed specimens . Since generating microscale representative volume element infused with short fibers requires sophisticated modeling tools the algorithm for the microscale RVE generation is presented and discussed .554553,Metal phenylphosphonate piperazine reduced graphene oxide nanomaterials with different metal centers were facilely synthesized . We found that the morphology of metal organophosphorus was controlled by the coordinated metal centers trivalent metal organophosphorus exhibited nanosheet morphology while divalent metal organophosphorus displayed nanorod morphology . In addition the role of metal centers on the flame safety and mechanical performance of epoxy resin were studied . The limiting oxygen index values of EP composites with only 3wt of additive were increased in different levels and the MPhP PGO EP composites all pass UL 94 V 0 rating which was owing to the multi coordinating effect . Specifically we verified that P element of MPhP PGO could act on both condensed and gas phase while MPhP PGO only acted in the condensed phase thus MPhP PGO EP showed better enhancing effect on flame retardancy of EP . Beyond that MPhP PGO EP displayed more excellent mechanical properties is due to MPhP which had good reinforcement effect to EP matrix .,In addition the role of metal centers on the flame safety and mechanical performance of epoxy resin were studied . The limiting oxygen index values of EP composites with only 3wt of additive were increased in different levels and the MPhP PGO EP composites all pass UL 94 V 0 rating which was owing to the multi coordinating effect . Specifically we verified that P element of MPhP PGO could act on both condensed and gas phase while MPhP PGO only acted in the condensed phase thus MPhP PGO EP showed better enhancing effect on flame retardancy of EP .555554,Advanced biocomposites reinforced by abundant biomass derived fillers can add a revenue stream to enhance the economic viability of biofuel production chains and the energy efficiency of the composite industry . However the low stiffness of biopolymers limits their use in structural applications . Poplar fibers mesh size 180m,Advanced biocomposites reinforced by abundant biomass derived fillers can add a revenue stream to enhance the economic viability of biofuel production chains and the energy efficiency of the composite industry . However the low stiffness of biopolymers limits their use in structural applications . Poplar fibers mesh size 180m556555,Promising three dimensional porous scaffolds for cardiac tissue engineering should both function as conductive substrates to adapt to the electroactive nature of the myocardium and modulate the excessive reactive oxygen species microenvironment after myocardial infarction . In this study glutathione is grafted to the terminal carboxyl groups of carboxyl capped aniline pentamer forming AP GSH that is then introduced into gelatin scaffold to create a composite scaffold combining both conductivity and antioxidant activity . Results suggest that the Gel AP GSH composite scaffolds exhibit high porosity homogeneous pore structure and high swelling behaviors . The conductivity of the Gel AP GSH scaffold ranges from 3.410,Results suggest that the Gel AP GSH composite scaffolds exhibit high porosity homogeneous pore structure and high swelling behaviors . The conductivity of the Gel AP GSH scaffold ranges from 3.410 Promising three dimensional porous scaffolds for cardiac tissue engineering should both function as conductive substrates to adapt to the electroactive nature of the myocardium and modulate the excessive reactive oxygen species microenvironment after myocardial infarction .557556,Filtration membranes with robust anti fouling performance are highly desirable for practical oily wastewater purification but still a challenge to be realized without water pre wetting procedure . Herein we demonstrate a novel and effective route to address this challenge by decorating MnO,Herein we demonstrate a novel and effective route to address this challenge by decorating MnO Filtration membranes with robust anti fouling performance are highly desirable for practical oily wastewater purification but still a challenge to be realized without water pre wetting procedure .558557,Silicone rubber plays an irreplaceable role in biomedicine and aerospace applications due to its biocompatibility flexibility and excellent stability in extreme harsh conditions . However only a few studies focus on SR based shape memory materials and the increasing intelligent applications of SR materials are limited by the insufficient strength and poor designable recovery behavior . Herein we report a simple method via monomers prepolymers blend and in situ polymerization cross linking to prepare thermal responsive shape memory silicone rubber composites with three transition temperatures . In the SRCs poly and poly are used as switching segments and reinforced phase polydimethylsiloxane networks provide a third transition and dominate the permanent shape . In a thermal stimulus recovery of SRCs with PMMA and PEMA switching segments are used second temporary shapes can be precisely designed by just tuning the proportions of PMMA and PEMA and a practical linear relationship between recovered scale and PEMA content is built . The shape memory and mechanical properties of SRCs are both enhanced by micro nano particles of PMMA and PEMA . The SRCs present excellent thermal stability hydrophobicity and hygroscopicity . The triple shape memory SRC materials have potential applications in smart materials and actuators .,The shape memory and mechanical properties of SRCs are both enhanced by micro nano particles of PMMA and PEMA . The triple shape memory SRC materials have potential applications in smart materials and actuators . The SRCs present excellent thermal stability hydrophobicity and hygroscopicity .559558,Phase change materials with considerable heat effect during phase change have been regarded as one of the most promising candidates for latent thermal energy storage and thermal management . Although intensive efforts have been dedicated to the high efficiency application challenges remain in enhancing the thermal response due to their intrinsically low thermal conductivity . Here continuous diamond carbon nanotube foams are designed and fabricated as thermal conductive reinforcement . The unique diamond foam with extremely high thermal conductivity act as the main channel for thermal flow transportation and the directly grown well distributed carbon nanotube networks plays role of the second heat channel . Benefiting from this stable hierarchical structure thermal conductivity of the phase change composite has been enhanced to 9.72Wm,The unique diamond foam with extremely high thermal conductivity act as the main channel for thermal flow transportation and the directly grown well distributed carbon nanotube networks plays role of the second heat channel . Benefiting from this stable hierarchical structure thermal conductivity of the phase change composite has been enhanced to 9.72Wm Here continuous diamond carbon nanotube foams are designed and fabricated as thermal conductive reinforcement .560559,Sustainable thermosetting polyurethane anticorrosive coatings based on renewable biomass resources with long lasting corrosion protection is highly desired . Herein thermosetting lignin based polyurethanes coatings with superior corrosion resistance and high content of lignin were prepared by polymerization of lignin based polyol with hexamethylene diisocyanate in absence of catalysts . In order to increase the reactivity and solubility of OH EL when reacting with isocyanates the phenolic hydroxyls of enzymatic hydrolysis lignin were selectively converted to primary aliphatic hydroxyls by sequential alkylation and thiol ene reaction . Due to the well dispersion and crosslinking reactivity of OH EL in the polyurethane networks the resulting LPUs presented high thermal stability and excellent mechanical properties . Remarkably LPU 3 with the content of OH EL of 54.8wt exhibited high T,Remarkably LPU 3 with the content of OH EL of 54.8wt exhibited high T Due to the well dispersion and crosslinking reactivity of OH EL in the polyurethane networks the resulting LPUs presented high thermal stability and excellent mechanical properties . In order to increase the reactivity and solubility of OH EL when reacting with isocyanates the phenolic hydroxyls of enzymatic hydrolysis lignin were selectively converted to primary aliphatic hydroxyls by sequential alkylation and thiol ene reaction .561560,We produce balsa based structures by selective removal of lignin . The changes that occur in the main components of balsa upon delignification including tracheids closed pits and tylosis vessels allow the development of mesopores and a substantial increase in fluid permeability . Such system is ideally suited as a support of phase change materials PCM . Vacuum assisted impregnation with polyethylene glycol results in a form stable PCM system . The FPCM displays a high encapsulating capacity at temperatures above the melting PEG transition with a latent heat of 134J g and low supercooling . The results are rationalized by the affinity between the unidirectional mesoporous structure and the PCM polymer involving capillary forces and hydrogen bonding . The leakage proof FPCM outperforms available systems supported on minerals or other wood species . Compared to the latter group the results obtained with balsa relate to its morphology and the effect of residual hemicelluloses in hierarchically aligned cellulose nano and microfibrils . The FPCMs resist compressive loads and performs stably for at least 200 cycles of heating and cooling . An insignificant loss in latent heat is observed compared to that of pure PEG . The phase transition temperature fluctuation and non leaking characteristics under load make the balsa based FPCM a superior alternative for passive heating cooling especially for uses at high ambient temperatures . The reversible thermoregulatory capacity low cost high efficiency renewability and operability of the balsa supported FPCM indicate an excellent option for thermal energy storage and conversion devices .,The FPCM displays a high encapsulating capacity at temperatures above the melting PEG transition with a latent heat of 134J g and low supercooling . Compared to the latter group the results obtained with balsa relate to its morphology and the effect of residual hemicelluloses in hierarchically aligned cellulose nano and microfibrils . The FPCMs resist compressive loads and performs stably for at least 200 cycles of heating and cooling .562561,This paper presents the details and results of a series of follow up experimental and numerical investigations that were conducted to establish the buckling behaviour of special three dimensional fiber metal laminates . This FML is made of a special 3D fiberglass fabric epoxy composite which also hosts a two part liquid urethane foam within its core cavities and further reinforced with basalt and E glass bidirectional fabrics . 3D FML panels with six different configurations were fabricated and beam like specimens were extracted from the panels . The specimens were subjected to uniaxial compression loading . This follow up study focuses on investigating the effects and level of improvement in the performance of the 3D FMLs by utilizing magnesium and stainless steel as the face sheet materials and the enhancement gained by the basalt and E glass fabrics . The responses of the 3D FMLs are also simulated numerically . By comparing the numerical and experimental results it will be explicitly demonstrated that the developed FE framework could serve as an effective and accurate means for establishing the performance of such FMLs including those with more complex geometries and loading conditions . In addition the most effective 3D FMLs are identified and ranked based on their buckling capacity with respect to their cost and weight .,This paper presents the details and results of a series of follow up experimental and numerical investigations that were conducted to establish the buckling behaviour of special three dimensional fiber metal laminates . The responses of the 3D FMLs are also simulated numerically . In addition the most effective 3D FMLs are identified and ranked based on their buckling capacity with respect to their cost and weight .563562,In this manuscript the Layer by Layer technique is used to modify the surface of flax fabrics using a quad layer architecture prior to their assembly in polylactic acid biocomposites . The aim is to produce nanostructured interphases capable of conferring flame retardancy while maintaining mechanical properties . Only 2.5 QL significantly improve the flame retardancy and fire safety of the prepared composites as demonstrated by LOI values of 25.3 considerably reduced flame spread rates and the substantial reduction in peak of heat release rate and maximum average rate of heat emission during cone calorimetry . Mechanical testing showed improved modulus and limited reductions in flexural strength . These results make the approach developed in this manuscript very attractive in the design of advanced biocomposites with optimized fire retardancy and mechanical properties .,These results make the approach developed in this manuscript very attractive in the design of advanced biocomposites with optimized fire retardancy and mechanical properties . The aim is to produce nanostructured interphases capable of conferring flame retardancy while maintaining mechanical properties . Only 2.5 QL significantly improve the flame retardancy and fire safety of the prepared composites as demonstrated by LOI values of 25.3 considerably reduced flame spread rates and the substantial reduction in peak of heat release rate and maximum average rate of heat emission during cone calorimetry .564563,In recent years there are many ways to improve the energy storage performance of polymer based dielectric capacitors especially by filling ceramic fillers into polymer matrix . However the improvement of capacity is always limited by the structural defects due to poor interface compatibility between inorganic fillers and organic matrix . In this paper we propose an effective method to avoid the critical issue inorganic segments are hybrided with organic matrix in the microstructure by situ sol gel condensation method where zirconium oxide bonds are ionic incorporated into poly ferroelectric polymers . The effects of incorporation content on the microstructure and electrical properties have been studied . The results show that the ZrO segments are uniformly dispersed in the polymer matrix which can facilitate the dipole orientation and reduces dielectric loss leading to increase of energy storage density . To further improve the performances of hybrid PVTC the linear dielectric polyimide is introduced for constructing bilayer films with hybrid PVTC in mesoscopic structure . The optimal values of energy storage density 12.5J cm,To further improve the performances of hybrid PVTC the linear dielectric polyimide is introduced for constructing bilayer films with hybrid PVTC in mesoscopic structure . In this paper we propose an effective method to avoid the critical issue inorganic segments are hybrided with organic matrix in the microstructure by situ sol gel condensation method where zirconium oxide bonds are ionic incorporated into poly ferroelectric polymers . The results show that the ZrO segments are uniformly dispersed in the polymer matrix which can facilitate the dipole orientation and reduces dielectric loss leading to increase of energy storage density .565564,This paper presents an analytical study on the electrical conductivity of composites whose constituted materials have distinct electrical properties . The present study investigates the effect of the aspect ratio of inclusions on the effective electrical conductivity of composites . Formulations are derived for determining the percolation threshold and calculating the electrical conductivity of composites with considering aspect ratio effect . The validation of the present model is also provided by using available experimental data . The present analytical model can be applied to predict the electrical behaviour of carbon nanotube fibre reinforced polymer composites .,The present study investigates the effect of the aspect ratio of inclusions on the effective electrical conductivity of composites . Formulations are derived for determining the percolation threshold and calculating the electrical conductivity of composites with considering aspect ratio effect . This paper presents an analytical study on the electrical conductivity of composites whose constituted materials have distinct electrical properties .566565,In fluid catalytic cracking unit basic nitrogen species in heavy oil result in the poison of Y zeolite acid sites and the loss of heavy oil conversion . To solve this issue Y ZrO,In fluid catalytic cracking unit basic nitrogen species in heavy oil result in the poison of Y zeolite acid sites and the loss of heavy oil conversion . To solve this issue Y ZrO567566,The present article deals with the tribology of very important family of high performance polymers known as Poly comprising of mainly two members viz . PEEK and PAEK since other members are not yet researched for tribology . Interestingly PEEK is extensively explored and PAEK is under explored . The article deals with the tribology of composites of these two polymers containing nano particles of solid lubricants leading to significant enhancement in the tribo potential . The article discusses the systematic efforts to develop high potential tribo materials based on PAEK and right kind of reinforcement and combination of two solid lubricants . The first one called primary SL was graphite which was essential part of all composites . The only difference in the series of composites was of type of secondary SL and its size . The tribo investigations brought out various features such as synergism between the two SLs edge of NPs over MPs and very high tribo potential not reported in the literature . The unique efforts to convert the scientific knowledge into the product and to identify the extent of loss in performance during the journey from material to product are also reported .,The only difference in the series of composites was of type of secondary SL and its size . The article discusses the systematic efforts to develop high potential tribo materials based on PAEK and right kind of reinforcement and combination of two solid lubricants . The article deals with the tribology of composites of these two polymers containing nano particles of solid lubricants leading to significant enhancement in the tribo potential .568567,A novel inverse identification method using only a single tensile specimen for obtaining four anisotropic elastic constants of fiber reinforced composites sheet is proposed in this study . The method is based on virtual fields method for solving weak form equilibrium equation with an optimized tension type non standard specimen specially designed with an elliptic hole at the center of the specimen . Full field strain measured by a digital image correlation technique is applied as experimental strain fields which are used as inputs of the VFM . For optimizing the tension type VFM specimen finite element analysis is conducted as a virtual experiment to generate ideal strain fields . The determined tension type VFM specimen has an elliptic hole with 45 inclined to the loading direction which is optimized from the error analysis between the FE input and VFM calculated material constants . For the validation of the proposed approach experiments are performed with unidirectional carbon fiber reinforced plastic sheets . The comparison of VFM identified anisotropic constants to those determined from the standard tensile tests with three different orientated samples shows satisfactory accuracy ranging between 5.94 and 0.71 errors which confirm the validity of the new inverse method for the characterization of anisotropic elasticity of composites sheets .,A novel inverse identification method using only a single tensile specimen for obtaining four anisotropic elastic constants of fiber reinforced composites sheet is proposed in this study . For the validation of the proposed approach experiments are performed with unidirectional carbon fiber reinforced plastic sheets . The method is based on virtual fields method for solving weak form equilibrium equation with an optimized tension type non standard specimen specially designed with an elliptic hole at the center of the specimen .569568,Different from conventional materials materials with negative Poisson s ratios expand laterally when stretched longitudinally . Known as auxetic materials the effect means they possess particularly fascinating properties which have recently attracted considerable attention in the literature . A range of auxetic materials has been discovered theoretically designed and fabricated . Developments in additive manufacturing techniques enable fabrication of materials with intricate cellular architectures . This paper outlines recent progress in the development of auxetic materials and structures and their mechanical properties under quasi static and dynamic loading are analysed and summarised . Limited experimental studies on 3D printed auxetic materials and structures are given more attention ahead of extensively finite element simulations . A special focus is dedicated to their large plastic deformation behaviour and energy absorption performance which should be stressed in their engineering applications no review paper has yet been found regarding this . Finally this paper provides an overview of current study limitations and some future research is envisaged in terms of auxetic materials and structures nano auxetics and additive manufacturing .,Finally this paper provides an overview of current study limitations and some future research is envisaged in terms of auxetic materials and structures nano auxetics and additive manufacturing . This paper outlines recent progress in the development of auxetic materials and structures and their mechanical properties under quasi static and dynamic loading are analysed and summarised . Limited experimental studies on 3D printed auxetic materials and structures are given more attention ahead of extensively finite element simulations .570569,Carbon fibers with high axial stiffness and strength have been used to reinforce polymer matrix materials in advanced composites . However these fibers exhibit large anisotropies in the radial and axial directions . In addition limited data has been reported on the elastic properties of fibers in other directions than longitudinal and transversal directions and on the relationship between elastic properties and fiber structures . In this study we prepared five epoxy composites each containing a different type of carbon fiber and used a nanoindentation method in combination with finite element analysis to investigate five elastic constants of the carbon fibers . The results demonstrate that the crystallite size and the orientation of its graphite crystal inclusions affect the elastic constants,The results demonstrate that the crystallite size and the orientation of its graphite crystal inclusions affect the elastic constants In addition limited data has been reported on the elastic properties of fibers in other directions than longitudinal and transversal directions and on the relationship between elastic properties and fiber structures . In this study we prepared five epoxy composites each containing a different type of carbon fiber and used a nanoindentation method in combination with finite element analysis to investigate five elastic constants of the carbon fibers .571570,Thermosetting polymers and composites featuring chemical cross linking are usually regarded as unrecyclable . Recently novel thermosets containing dynamic chemical bonds or labile bonds have been developed to achieve chemical recycling under mild conditions via solvent assisted exchange or cleavage reactions . This concept has been extended to recycle conventional thermosets and composites using a proper catalyst solvent system by selective bond cleavage . In this paper we develop a modeling framework to probe into the complicated reaction diffusion coupling and reveal the effect of reinforcement such as carbon fiber on the dissolution process of carbon fiber reinforced epoxy . A model involving chemical species concentration dependent diffusion and reaction rates is developed to inquire into the evolution of different functional group concentrations and network structure via solvent assisted exchange reactions . We further apply the reaction diffusion based model to a multiphase structure to simulate the CFRE dissolution process . The model is experimentally validated by the mass evolution of a virgin cured epoxy anhydride resin matrix in an alcohol catalyst solution proceeding with transesterification . The established model can predict the influence of dissolution processing parameters including catalyst concentration and solvent diffusivity . Parametric studies are used to further assess the structural parameters of fiber loading on the dissolution rate . This work provides a deep understanding on the dissolution of thermosets and their fiber reinforced composites and can guide the future engineering application of sustainable recycling approaches of thermosets and composites .,In this paper we develop a modeling framework to probe into the complicated reaction diffusion coupling and reveal the effect of reinforcement such as carbon fiber on the dissolution process of carbon fiber reinforced epoxy . We further apply the reaction diffusion based model to a multiphase structure to simulate the CFRE dissolution process . The model is experimentally validated by the mass evolution of a virgin cured epoxy anhydride resin matrix in an alcohol catalyst solution proceeding with transesterification .572571,In this work the feasibility of converting dead leaf biomass into green activated carbon for use as a reinforcement filler in natural rubber composites was assessed . The dead leaf activated carbon was prepared by pyrolysis at 550 700 900 and 1000C at a heating rate of 10C min,The dead leaf activated carbon was prepared by pyrolysis at 550 700 900 and 1000C at a heating rate of 10C min In this work the feasibility of converting dead leaf biomass into green activated carbon for use as a reinforcement filler in natural rubber composites was assessed .573572,Protein is an ideal alternative to many synthetic components in green and bio electronic products due to its natural abundance high flexibility and excellent biocompatibility . Here we report the development of new renewable thermal management materials based on a stable composite system of biocompatible silk fibroin protein with a small amount of AlN inclusions . The self assembly of AlN particles and SF was promoted by water annealing to enhance the hydrogen bonding between the phases to reduce the phonon scattering at the interface . The synthesized protein composites have excellent thermal stability high mechanical durability and low linear expansion related in part to the secondary structure of silk protein which can be modulated by changing the AlN content . The physical properties were analyzed and modeled within effective medium theory and the agreements were reasonable except for the thermal conductivity which was surprisingly much larger than predicted by the model which is attributed to the strong interaction between protein and AlN the high thermal conductivity of AlN and the continuous network of AlN particles that formed at higher concentrations . This makes proteins excellent candidates for thermally conductive composite materials which have many emerging applications in implantable biomedical devices flexible and sustainable sensors and green heat transfer products .,The self assembly of AlN particles and SF was promoted by water annealing to enhance the hydrogen bonding between the phases to reduce the phonon scattering at the interface . Here we report the development of new renewable thermal management materials based on a stable composite system of biocompatible silk fibroin protein with a small amount of AlN inclusions . The physical properties were analyzed and modeled within effective medium theory and the agreements were reasonable except for the thermal conductivity which was surprisingly much larger than predicted by the model which is attributed to the strong interaction between protein and AlN the high thermal conductivity of AlN and the continuous network of AlN particles that formed at higher concentrations .574573,A three dimensional Finite Element Analysis model incorporating an elastic plastic damage model which was implemented as a user defined material sub routine in a FEA code is developed to simulate the impact response of carbon fibre reinforced plastic composites . The model predicts the load versus time and the load versus displacement responses of the composite during the impact event . Further it predicts the extent shape and direction of any intralaminar damage and interlaminar delaminations i.e . interlaminar cracking as a function of the depth through the thickness of the impacted CFRP test specimen as well as the extent of permanent indention caused by the impactor striking the composite plate . To validate the model experimental results are obtained from relatively low velocity impact tests on CFRP plates employing either a matrix of a thermoplastic polymer i.e . poly or a thermosetting epoxy polymer . The 3 D EP model that has been developed is shown to model successfully the experimentally measured impact behaviour of the CFRP composites .,Further it predicts the extent shape and direction of any intralaminar damage and interlaminar delaminations i.e . The model predicts the load versus time and the load versus displacement responses of the composite during the impact event . To validate the model experimental results are obtained from relatively low velocity impact tests on CFRP plates employing either a matrix of a thermoplastic polymer i.e .575574,In this study the impact of natural fibers on the mechanical thermal and hydrodegradation behavior was assessed . Composites based on biobased high density polyethylene were manufactured with a 40wt of wood flour basalt fibers flax fibers and walnut shell flour . The results confirmed the reinforcing effect of NFs on mechanical properties especially in relation to the stiffness of the composites . Significant improvement was visible in the case of composites with basalt fibers with about 600 and 156 improvements for Young s modulus and tensile strength respectively . Moreover to evaluate the viability of NFs as reinforcements water absorption and its influence on mechanical properties were investigated . Unmodified polymer and composites with basalt fibers showed similar relationships low water absorption . Composites reinforced with lignocellulosic fibers exhibited high water uptake and progressive deterioration of properties over time .,The results confirmed the reinforcing effect of NFs on mechanical properties especially in relation to the stiffness of the composites . In this study the impact of natural fibers on the mechanical thermal and hydrodegradation behavior was assessed . Significant improvement was visible in the case of composites with basalt fibers with about 600 and 156 improvements for Young s modulus and tensile strength respectively .576575,Underwater vibration detectors have aroused intensive attention due to the promising applications in personal security environmental protection and military defense . However how to enable an underwater detector with combined feature of excellent structural flexibility and robustness as well as high detection sensitivity and stability still remains a significant challenge . Herein we successfully designed and developed a pitch modulated spring with photoelectric response to its tiny deformation via intercalating hydrogenated TiO,Herein we successfully designed and developed a pitch modulated spring with photoelectric response to its tiny deformation via intercalating hydrogenated TiO Underwater vibration detectors have aroused intensive attention due to the promising applications in personal security environmental protection and military defense . However how to enable an underwater detector with combined feature of excellent structural flexibility and robustness as well as high detection sensitivity and stability still remains a significant challenge .577576,The premature failure of components due to poor inter particle bonding is the most critical issue in cold spray additive manufacturing . Herein a hybrid strategy combining gas atomization CS and post friction stir processing was proposed to design a nano TiB,Herein a hybrid strategy combining gas atomization CS and post friction stir processing was proposed to design a nano TiB The premature failure of components due to poor inter particle bonding is the most critical issue in cold spray additive manufacturing .578577,Lowering the operating temperature of solid electrolyte based fuel cells is an attractive approach to achieve highly efficient energy conversion devices for the next generation demands . The present work aims to develop proton conducting electrolyte materials for low temperature fuel cells . In this regard a host matrix of gadolinium doped cerium pyrophosphate has been reinforced by cesium pentahydrogen diphosphate to deliver dense electrolyte material . The composite electrolyte materials were formulated with different compositions and examined for the phase purity sinterability functional group and electrical conductivities . It was found that the reinforcement by CPP assisted formation of a core shell structure which accelerated the proton migration by the acidic dissolution of proton into the shell . This acidic dissolution fastens the kinetics of hydrolysis of the electrolyte resulting in a maximum ionic conductivity of about 9mScm,This acidic dissolution fastens the kinetics of hydrolysis of the electrolyte resulting in a maximum ionic conductivity of about 9mScm Lowering the operating temperature of solid electrolyte based fuel cells is an attractive approach to achieve highly efficient energy conversion devices for the next generation demands . The composite electrolyte materials were formulated with different compositions and examined for the phase purity sinterability functional group and electrical conductivities .579578,High performance polymer fibers have broad applications in composites due to high strength and excellent toughness . However the enhancement in tensile strength often results in a decrease in elongation at break and simultaneous increase of strength and toughness is still challenging for aramid fiber . Herein an effective method based on relaxation time theory is proposed to simultaneously enhance the tensile strength and elongation at break for heterocyclic aramid fiber . Ultra high molecular weight heterocyclic aramid was added in the heterocyclic aramid spinning dope to prepare fibers . The structure evolution of fiber is studied in detail combining with experiment and simulation . Results of Molecular Dynamics simulations prove that HMPBIA acts as a role of mainstay by maintaining straight chain conformation in highly oriented fibers . This unique mainstay body structure weaken slippage between molecular chains when the fiber is subject to tension . Further characterizations by small angle X ray scattering and scanning electron microscope confirm the formation of mainstay body structure in the fiber which improves tensile strength and elongation at break by 17.7 and 16.7 respectively .,Herein an effective method based on relaxation time theory is proposed to simultaneously enhance the tensile strength and elongation at break for heterocyclic aramid fiber . The structure evolution of fiber is studied in detail combining with experiment and simulation . This unique mainstay body structure weaken slippage between molecular chains when the fiber is subject to tension .580579,In many previous studies on humidity sensors based on composites embedded with conductive nanofillers opposite dependence of their electrical resistance on humidity has been reported . In this study we systematically investigate the origin of opposite humidity dependence of the resistance of agarose carbon nanotube composites as a model composite material . Experimental results and impedance analysis reveal that the composites with more conductive fillers present positive dependence of resistance on humidity as an electronic pathway through the well connected fillers is preferred for electrical conduction . In contrast the composites with low filler content show negative dependence as the ionic pathway is more dominant for electrical conduction . The corresponding equivalent circuits for the nanofiller embedded composites are suggested and the expected Nyquist plots depending on the filler content and humidity conditions are discussed . The process based on the impedance analysis potentially allows for non destructive analysis of compositions and electrical property of composites as well as highly sensitive humidity detection .,In this study we systematically investigate the origin of opposite humidity dependence of the resistance of agarose carbon nanotube composites as a model composite material . The corresponding equivalent circuits for the nanofiller embedded composites are suggested and the expected Nyquist plots depending on the filler content and humidity conditions are discussed . The process based on the impedance analysis potentially allows for non destructive analysis of compositions and electrical property of composites as well as highly sensitive humidity detection .581580,Nanoparticle enabled strategies to combat antimicrobial resistant bacteria are highly demanded which hopefully can overcome the barriers associated with conventional antibiotics to achieve high therapeutic efficacy by improving pharmacokinetics . Here we report the controlled fabrication of multiple Ag nanoparticles containing ZIF 8 derived hollow Zn O Si nanospheres with mesoporous wall Ag,Here we report the controlled fabrication of multiple Ag nanoparticles containing ZIF 8 derived hollow Zn O Si nanospheres with mesoporous wall Ag Nanoparticle enabled strategies to combat antimicrobial resistant bacteria are highly demanded which hopefully can overcome the barriers associated with conventional antibiotics to achieve high therapeutic efficacy by improving pharmacokinetics .582581,We present a nonlinear multiscale modeling and simulation framework for the mechanical design of machine knitted textiles with functionally graded microstructures . The framework operates on the mesoscale where yarns intermesh into stitch patterns and the macroscale where these repetitive stitch patterns are composed into a fabric . On the mesoscale representative unit cells consisting of single interlocked yarn loops modeled as geometrically exact nonlinear elastic 3D beams are homogenized to compute their effective mechanical properties . From this data a B Spline response surface model is generated to represent the nonlinear orthotropic constitutive behavior on the macroscale where the fabric is modeled by a nonlinear KirchhoffLove shell formulation and discretized using isogeometric finite elements . These functionally graded textiles with locally varying properties can be designed and analyzed by parameterizing the stitch value i.e . the loop length of a single jersey stitch and the knitting direction as mesoscopic design variables of the macroscopic response surface constitutive model . To validate the multiscale simulation and design approach numerical results are compared against physical experiments of different tensile loading cases for various grading scenarios . Furthermore the versatility of the method for the design of functionally graded textiles is demonstrated .,Furthermore the versatility of the method for the design of functionally graded textiles is demonstrated . We present a nonlinear multiscale modeling and simulation framework for the mechanical design of machine knitted textiles with functionally graded microstructures . the loop length of a single jersey stitch and the knitting direction as mesoscopic design variables of the macroscopic response surface constitutive model .583582,It is always a challenge to improve the flame retardancy of poly without uncompromised mechanical properties transparency and other properties . In this research an organic inorganic hybrid strategy to prepare flame retardant PMMA with satisfying thermal stability mechanical properties and transparency is reported . A new reactive phosphorus containing monomer is copolymerized with methyl methacrylate to provide flame retardant function and meanwhile octa vinyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane serves as a reinforcer is chemically combined with the copolymer . The organic inorganic hybrid copolymerized nanocomposite with 10mol MDP and 0.5mol V POSS shows significantly enhanced limiting oxygen index decreased heat release rate compared with PMMA . The flame retardant mechanisms are analyzed and discussed in detail . Additionally its initial decomposition temperature is increased by 42C showing higher thermal stability . The terpolymer also exhibits greatly improved mechanical property due to the introduction of V POSS and its tensile strength young s modulus and impact strength are much higher than those of MMA MDP copolymer . Finally it also keeps good optical property comparable to PMMA . As a result Our research provides an effective way to prepare intrinsic flame retardant PMMA with good comprehensive performance .,It is always a challenge to improve the flame retardancy of poly without uncompromised mechanical properties transparency and other properties . The flame retardant mechanisms are analyzed and discussed in detail . The terpolymer also exhibits greatly improved mechanical property due to the introduction of V POSS and its tensile strength young s modulus and impact strength are much higher than those of MMA MDP copolymer .584583,One component epoxy adhesives in which the epoxy resin and curing agent are premixed have many commercial advantages including reduced working time and stable performance . However these adhesives suffer from a short shelf life even at room temperature . Here core shell structured curing agents were prepared via a dry particle coating process that improved the storage stability of one component epoxy adhesives . The DPC process is a simple economic and solvent free method to fabricate core shell structured materials using mechanical forces . Graphene nanoplatelets were used as encapsulating materials due to their high thermal conductivity and large surface areas . With the GNP encapsulated curing agents a one component epoxy adhesive displayed significantly enhanced storage stability while maintaining its fast curing behavior . In particular the pot life of the adhesive increased to 60 days which is over two times longer than that of a pristine epoxy adhesive . The curing temperature increased by up to 5.6C which is a smaller increase than that observed when non thermally conductive materials were used for encapsulation . Furthermore the GNPs provided reinforcement in the cured epoxy adhesive thereby improving the lap shear strength by 2030 .,The DPC process is a simple economic and solvent free method to fabricate core shell structured materials using mechanical forces . Furthermore the GNPs provided reinforcement in the cured epoxy adhesive thereby improving the lap shear strength by 2030 . In particular the pot life of the adhesive increased to 60 days which is over two times longer than that of a pristine epoxy adhesive .585584,A novel material and process was developed using fibre reinforced powder epoxy to produce unidirectional towpreg with a pilot scale towpregging line for cost effective production of large composite structures for the renewable energy market specifically for wind and tidal turbine blades . Electrostatic attraction was used to coat fibre tows with powder epoxy and either joule or radiant heating employed to heat and melt the polymer followed by consolidation between rollers . Unidirectional carbon fibre and basalt fibre reinforced polymer laminates were manufactured from the towpreg . Tensile test results showed that the towpregging process could be employed to achieve high performance UD CFRP with 0 tensile properties that are similar or better than commercially available UD CFRP systems . The competitive advantages of the powder epoxy towpreg system include lower cost better overall manufacturing control for vacuum bag only manufacturing and the ability to co cure parts together at a later stage . Mechanical test results showed some variation between two types of UD BFRP but the results compared well with published data on UD BFRP and equivalent glass fibre reinforced polymer systems . Finally the influence of hygrothermal ageing due to water immersion on the tensile properties of the materials was investigated with tests revealing that the water ageing effect was more severe in the case of UD BFRP than for UD CFRP .,Finally the influence of hygrothermal ageing due to water immersion on the tensile properties of the materials was investigated with tests revealing that the water ageing effect was more severe in the case of UD BFRP than for UD CFRP . The competitive advantages of the powder epoxy towpreg system include lower cost better overall manufacturing control for vacuum bag only manufacturing and the ability to co cure parts together at a later stage . A novel material and process was developed using fibre reinforced powder epoxy to produce unidirectional towpreg with a pilot scale towpregging line for cost effective production of large composite structures for the renewable energy market specifically for wind and tidal turbine blades .586585,Simple self healing behavior of polymers that respond to multiple physicochemical stimuli are highly desirable for industrial applications . In this study under various external environmental stimulating factors we focus on the self healing kinetics of polymer bilayer films comprising a colorless polyimide bottom substrate layer and linseed oil loaded microcapsule embedded polydimethylsiloxane upper healing layer . The experimental results showed clear correlation between stimulating factors and the healing time . Although the crack healing behavior of PBF with 5wt microcapsule under air atmosphere is fairly slow it has an improved healing effect at the artificial crack interface heating to 70C moreover gradual healing is observed by moisture absorption in environments with relative humidity of 70 . Remarkably we found that ultraviolet light irradiation through the 5wt LOMC filled PDMS layer triggers a noticeable kinematic advantage for the drying reaction that initiates interfacial self healing . Short time UV irradiated PBF 5wt exhibits a low water vapor permeability of 35.4gm,The experimental results showed clear correlation between stimulating factors and the healing time . Although the crack healing behavior of PBF with 5wt microcapsule under air atmosphere is fairly slow it has an improved healing effect at the artificial crack interface heating to 70C moreover gradual healing is observed by moisture absorption in environments with relative humidity of 70 . Remarkably we found that ultraviolet light irradiation through the 5wt LOMC filled PDMS layer triggers a noticeable kinematic advantage for the drying reaction that initiates interfacial self healing .587586,This paper describes a manufacturing method for the ribs of a cylindrical anisogrid composite structure without an outer skin . This research presents two direct compression techniques for the ribs during wet filament winding with T700 continuous carbon fiber tows . In addition the strength of the helical rib manufactured using the proposed compression process was compared to that of the manufactured rib that did not use the compression process . The average compressive strength of the helical rib manufactured using the proposed methods is 394 Mpa and 247MPa according to the failure mode respectively . Although the ribs manufactured using the proposed method did not show increase in strength decreases in the standard deviation for both compressive failure modes and was observed . Thus the proposed compression techniques resulted in compression strength stabilizing thanks to decreasing void content . Furthermore structural stiffness was indirectly evaluated and it was found that the improvement was over 150 .,This paper describes a manufacturing method for the ribs of a cylindrical anisogrid composite structure without an outer skin . Although the ribs manufactured using the proposed method did not show increase in strength decreases in the standard deviation for both compressive failure modes and was observed . The average compressive strength of the helical rib manufactured using the proposed methods is 394 Mpa and 247MPa according to the failure mode respectively .588587,Balanced electrical conductivity and mechanical properties are always of great significance for the practical applications of conductive polymer composites especially for the inherent brittle poly based CPCs . Herein the phase control methodology and intense extensional flow field synergistically induced PLA crystallization was proposed to achieve the in situ electrically conductive nanohybrid shish that is composed of plenty of CNTs coated by PLA crystalline phase . In addition the conductive networks were easily constructed by the combined effect of 1 D wire like conductive nanohybrid shish and 2 D patch board like graphene for highly conductive PLA CNT GE nanocomposites . Compared with common pure PLA 4.210,Herein the phase control methodology and intense extensional flow field synergistically induced PLA crystallization was proposed to achieve the in situ electrically conductive nanohybrid shish that is composed of plenty of CNTs coated by PLA crystalline phase . Balanced electrical conductivity and mechanical properties are always of great significance for the practical applications of conductive polymer composites especially for the inherent brittle poly based CPCs . In addition the conductive networks were easily constructed by the combined effect of 1 D wire like conductive nanohybrid shish and 2 D patch board like graphene for highly conductive PLA CNT GE nanocomposites .589588,As a permanent power source for self powered electronics piezoelectric energy harvesters which convert waste mechanical energy into electrical energy have attracted considerable interest . We herein developed a high performance PEH by employing a piezoelectric BaTiO,We herein developed a high performance PEH by employing a piezoelectric BaTiO As a permanent power source for self powered electronics piezoelectric energy harvesters which convert waste mechanical energy into electrical energy have attracted considerable interest .590589,The current research presents a first attempt to manufacture thermoplastic tubular composites using carbon fibre as reinforcement and an innovative Elium resin as the matrix material using Bladder Assisted Resin Transfer Moulding manufacturing process . The manufacturing process parameters required to achieve a fully impregnated thermoplastic composites were established and the parts have undergone impact flexure and vibration damping tests . The mechanical properties and the failure modes are compared with the tubes manufactured with conventional epoxy matrix . During impact testing thermoplastic tubular composites have shown 16.3 and 18.9 higher peak load and major damage energy respectively compared to carbon epoxy tubes . They have also shown distinctive failure modes with acrylic Elium composites tubes undergoing more ductile and spreaded failure whilst epoxy composites have shown brittle and catastrophic failure . Flexural tests have shown comparable load carrying capability higher strain to failure and less delamination for carbon Elium composites compared to carbon epoxy composites . These are attributed to the presence of microductlilty and other associated matrix deformation features shown during the fractographic analysis of carbon Elium composites . Vibration modal analysis tests have shown 21.7 higher structural damping for carbon Elium composite measured at different output locations on the tube . The differences in the failure mechanisms and the underlying reasons for the improvement shown by thermoplastic Elium composite tubes under different mechanical tests are deliberated in this paper .,The differences in the failure mechanisms and the underlying reasons for the improvement shown by thermoplastic Elium composite tubes under different mechanical tests are deliberated in this paper . These are attributed to the presence of microductlilty and other associated matrix deformation features shown during the fractographic analysis of carbon Elium composites . The mechanical properties and the failure modes are compared with the tubes manufactured with conventional epoxy matrix .591590,Interface engineering and phase engineering of composites offer a promising route to rationally tune the interlaminar toughness of laminates as high toughness plays an important role in preventing interlaminar failure and ensuring the safety of components . Herein unlike the previous melt mixing process we coated the second reinforcement TONFC on the surface of the main reinforcement by sol impregnation and successfully prepared the commingled yarn random polypropylene composite laminate with high interlaminar fracture toughness . The surface groups of each raw material of the composite system before and after the reaction were characterized and thereby obtaining the interface strengthening mechanism . Besides the heterogeneous nucleation effect of TONFC and the mechanism of inducing phase formation were revealed by analysis of crystallization behavior and crystal structure . Further through a double cantilever beam test and morphology analysis the effect mechanism of the addition of TONFC on the interlaminar crack propagation of PPR composite laminate was explored . This work provides a rapid and efficient avenue for the interlaminar modification of commingled yarn composites .,Further through a double cantilever beam test and morphology analysis the effect mechanism of the addition of TONFC on the interlaminar crack propagation of PPR composite laminate was explored . Besides the heterogeneous nucleation effect of TONFC and the mechanism of inducing phase formation were revealed by analysis of crystallization behavior and crystal structure . This work provides a rapid and efficient avenue for the interlaminar modification of commingled yarn composites .592591,A fundamental understanding of pure shear failure is important in elucidating the failure characteristics of woven thermoplastic composites . This work presents a novel S specimen design and an associated methodology for testing pure in plane shear failure in composites . The technique has been experimentally tested with woven thermoplastic composites which have complex failure evolution in shear due to their weave architecture . Four different composites were considered to demonstrate the scope of the technique application with various combinations of weave matrix and fibre . A Digital Image Correlation system integrated with the hemispherical testing device validated that shear strain was the dominant strain in the failure region . From this work it is evident that shear failure morphology varies between the tested composites based on the differences in their weave architecture and fibre and matrix properties . Additional Finite Element Analysis showed that neither bending nor friction hindered the tests ability to produce pure shear in the specimen . This new shear specimen provides a means of inducing shear failure utilising the hemispherical dome apparatus currently used for composite forming studies and failure analysis of other deformation modes between uniaxial and equi biaxial tension .,Four different composites were considered to demonstrate the scope of the technique application with various combinations of weave matrix and fibre . A Digital Image Correlation system integrated with the hemispherical testing device validated that shear strain was the dominant strain in the failure region . A fundamental understanding of pure shear failure is important in elucidating the failure characteristics of woven thermoplastic composites .593592,This paper relates with the assignment of trucks to time slots in container terminals equipped with Truck Appointment Systems . A two phase approach is provided first export and import containers are matched in tuples with a clustering analysis to reduce the number of empty trips and then tuples are assigned to time slots to minimize trucks deviation from their preferred time slots and truck turnaround times . Real case instances related to Mexican and Italian container terminals are tested . Results show that our approach reduces empty truck trips up to 33.79 and that it can be successfully applied to any container terminal .,This paper relates with the assignment of trucks to time slots in container terminals equipped with Truck Appointment Systems . Real case instances related to Mexican and Italian container terminals are tested . Results show that our approach reduces empty truck trips up to 33.79 and that it can be successfully applied to any container terminal .594593,This paper develops the laden and empty container supply chain model based on three scenarios that differ with regard to tardiness in the return of empty containers and the decision process for the imposition of detention charges with the goal of determining optimal devanning times . The effectiveness of each type of policy centralized versus decentralized is determined through computational experiments that produce key performance measures including the on time return ratio . Useful managerial insights on the implementation of these polices are derived from the results of sensitivity analyses .,This paper develops the laden and empty container supply chain model based on three scenarios that differ with regard to tardiness in the return of empty containers and the decision process for the imposition of detention charges with the goal of determining optimal devanning times . Useful managerial insights on the implementation of these polices are derived from the results of sensitivity analyses . The effectiveness of each type of policy centralized versus decentralized is determined through computational experiments that produce key performance measures including the on time return ratio .595594,Battery electric buses are rapidly being embraced by public transit agencies because of their environmental and economic benefits . To address the problems of limited driving range and time consuming charging for BEBs manufacturers have developed rapid on route charging technology that utilizes typical layovers at terminals to charge buses in operation using high power . With on route fast charging BEBs are as capable as their diesel counterparts in terms of range and operating time . However on route fast charging makes it more challenging to schedule and manage charging events for a BEB system . First on route fast charging may lead to high electricity power demand charges . Second it may increase electricity energy charges because of charging that occurs during on peak hours . Without careful charging scheduling and management on route fast charging may significantly increase fuel costs and reduce the economic attractiveness of BEBs . The present study proposes a network modeling framework to optimize the charging scheduling and management for a fast charging BEB system effectively minimizing total charging costs . The charging schedule determines when to charge a BEB while the charging management strategically controls the actual charging power . Charging costs include both electricity demand charges and energy charges . The charging scheduling and management problem is first formulated as a nonlinear nonconvex program with time continuous variables . A discretizing method and a linear reformulation technique are then adopted to reformulate the model as a linear program which can be easily solved using off the shelf solvers even for large scale problems . Finally the model is demonstrated with extensive numerical studies based on two real world bus networks . The results demonstrate that the proposed model can effectively determine the optimal charging scheduling and management for a fast charging BEB system which carries the potential for use in large scale real world bus networks .,The results demonstrate that the proposed model can effectively determine the optimal charging scheduling and management for a fast charging BEB system which carries the potential for use in large scale real world bus networks . The present study proposes a network modeling framework to optimize the charging scheduling and management for a fast charging BEB system effectively minimizing total charging costs . Finally the model is demonstrated with extensive numerical studies based on two real world bus networks .596595,In this paper we will study a typical problem in inland container shipping concerning the barge transportation of maritime containers between a dry port and a set of seaport terminals . The barges depart from the dry port and visit a set of sea terminals where containers need either to be dropped off or picked up . The goal is to achieve economies of scale with barges and avoid trucking as much as possible . The decision thus involves finding the best allocation of containers to barges in order to guarantee on time delivery and meet capacity restrictions . The problem will be modeled as a variant of the split vehicle routing problem with simultaneous pickups and deliveries coupled with time features . The model includes parameters that can be tuned to improve barge utilization and travelling distance . A hybrid local search meta heuristic algorithm combined with a branch and cut solver will be developed to solve the model . Numerical experiments have been conducted to test the performance of the algorithm and provide solution analysis for practical insights . Real world data has been collected from a local barge operator based in the Port of Rotterdam region and will be used as input for the experiments . This will result in an in depth analysis into current planning practices . The proposed framework complements existing models in the literature and contributes to the development of a comprehensive set of decision support tools which help in the decision making process for inland terminals .,The proposed framework complements existing models in the literature and contributes to the development of a comprehensive set of decision support tools which help in the decision making process for inland terminals . In this paper we will study a typical problem in inland container shipping concerning the barge transportation of maritime containers between a dry port and a set of seaport terminals . A hybrid local search meta heuristic algorithm combined with a branch and cut solver will be developed to solve the model .597596,We propose a consistent information flow to integrate Interval Travel Times into a city logistics vehicle routing problem with satellites . The consistent information flow encompasses the derivation of ITT the usage of ITT in robust shortest path computation and the integration of ITT into robust vehicle routing . Based on the results of the information flow robust meeting times of first tier and second tier vehicles are created . We evaluate the approach with large real world traffic data sets . We observe that the integration of ITT leads to first tier routes that are reasonably efficient and robust .,We observe that the integration of ITT leads to first tier routes that are reasonably efficient and robust . Based on the results of the information flow robust meeting times of first tier and second tier vehicles are created . The consistent information flow encompasses the derivation of ITT the usage of ITT in robust shortest path computation and the integration of ITT into robust vehicle routing .598597,One innovative solution to the last mile delivery problem is the self service locker system . Motivated by a real case in Singapore we consider a POP Locker Alliance who operates a set of POP stations and wishes to improve the last mile delivery by opening new locker facilities . We propose a quantitative approach to determine the optimal locker location with the objective to maximize the overall service provided by the alliance . Customers choices regarding the use of facilities are explicitly considered . They are predicted by a multinomial logit model . We then formulate the location problem as a multi ratio linear fractional 01 program and provide two solution approaches . The first one is to reformulate the original problem as a mixed integer linear program which is further strengthened using conditional McCormick inequalities . This approach is an exact method developed for small scale problems . For large scale problems we propose an alternating algorithm i.e . Quadratic Transform with Linear Alternating . The numerical experiment indicates that QT LA is an efficient approach that yields high quality solutions . Finally we conducted a case study . The results highlighted the importance of considering the customers choices . Under different parameter values of the multinomial logit model the decisions could be completely different . Therefore the parameter value should be carefully estimated in advance .,Under different parameter values of the multinomial logit model the decisions could be completely different . We propose a quantitative approach to determine the optimal locker location with the objective to maximize the overall service provided by the alliance . The results highlighted the importance of considering the customers choices .599598,This paper presents a novel healthcare waste location routing problem by concentrating on a new perspective in healthcare logistics networks . In this problem there are healthcare treatment and disposal centers . Locations of healthcare centers are known however it is required to select appropriate locations for treatment recycling and disposal centers . Healthcare wastes are divided into infectious and non infectious wastes . Since a great volume of healthcare wastes are infectious the emission of contamination can have obnoxious impacts on the environment . The proposed problem considers a stochastic essence for the emission of contamination which depends on the transferring times . In this respect transferring times between healthcare and treatment centers have been considered as normal random variables . As transferring time increases it is more likely for the contamination to spread . Having visited a treatment center infectious wastes are sterilized and they will no longer be harmful to the environment . This research develops a bi objective mixed integer mathematical formulation to tackle this problem . The objectives of this model are minimization of total costs and emission of contamination simultaneously . Complexity of the proposed problem led the researchers to another contribution . This study also develops a Multi Objective Water Flow like Algorithm which is a,The proposed problem considers a stochastic essence for the emission of contamination which depends on the transferring times . Complexity of the proposed problem led the researchers to another contribution . The objectives of this model are minimization of total costs and emission of contamination simultaneously .600599,This paper investigates the transshipment operations between vessels and trains in seaport rail terminals . In order to get a more effective transshipment plan the schedule plan of trains and the transshipment plan of containers among vessels yards and trains are determined simultaneously . To this end a mixed integer programming model is proposed to integrate the two sub problems with the objective of minimizing the total operation cost in which the service time window and unloading time requirement of trains are considered . It is demonstrated that some variables in the model can be relaxed without influencing the optimal result . Moreover a set of valid inequalities are introduced to tighten the constraints . The result experiments show that the enhanced model can be solved more effectively . Then extensive experiments have been conducted to analyze the influence of several factors including the handling capacity the yard capacity and the value of unit cost . The results report that the handling capacity shows a significant effect on the performance of the transfer plan and increasing the storage cost of import containers leads to a more effective transshipment plan .,This paper investigates the transshipment operations between vessels and trains in seaport rail terminals . To this end a mixed integer programming model is proposed to integrate the two sub problems with the objective of minimizing the total operation cost in which the service time window and unloading time requirement of trains are considered . The results report that the handling capacity shows a significant effect on the performance of the transfer plan and increasing the storage cost of import containers leads to a more effective transshipment plan .601600,An effective way to solve the parking difficulty is to utilize idle private parking slots as temporary parking supplies under the shared parking mode . A platform based management approach can make reasonable use of parking slots by gathering the parking time windows of owners and consumers in advance . However the actual parking time is difficult to be consistent with that registered on the platform . Owners and consumers may be unpunctual when arriving and departing . The parking unpunctuality is a stochastic factor and affects the allocation of parking slots . This paper focuses on how to model and optimize the parking unpunctuality in the shared parking slot allocation problem . We formulate the parking probability function of consumers and owners in different time slots and transform the stochastic programming model into an expectation model . It is found that in a certain time slot the optimal number of idle parking slot reserved is related to the probability of unpunctuality as well as the number of cars registered to arrive and depart in the neighboring time slots . The numerical experiments indicate that when considering the parking unpunctuality the allocation is less compact the satisfaction of consumers is decreased especially when the supply is limited or the consumer demands are excessive . In the middle and later periods throughout the daytime parking slots are more likely to be overloaded .,This paper focuses on how to model and optimize the parking unpunctuality in the shared parking slot allocation problem . We formulate the parking probability function of consumers and owners in different time slots and transform the stochastic programming model into an expectation model . The parking unpunctuality is a stochastic factor and affects the allocation of parking slots .602601,This paper examines CSR in fashion supply chains by applying a multi methodological approach . We first investigate the CSR performance and consumer expectation towards luxury fast fashion and functional brands through a case study and semi structure interviews . Then by building a stylized analytical model we uncover that it is optimal for the higher priced fast fashion and functional brands to commit a high CSR commitment with a low advertisement level while the luxury brands should act oppositely . To entice the luxury fashion brand to create a CSR improving situation we propose the use of disruptive technologies such as blockchain to help .,This paper examines CSR in fashion supply chains by applying a multi methodological approach . We first investigate the CSR performance and consumer expectation towards luxury fast fashion and functional brands through a case study and semi structure interviews . Then by building a stylized analytical model we uncover that it is optimal for the higher priced fast fashion and functional brands to commit a high CSR commitment with a low advertisement level while the luxury brands should act oppositely .603602,This paper studies a luxury sporting goods supply chain experiencing trade disruption and market volatility . We propose a flexible trade credit contract with minimum order quantity and design a coordination mechanism between a supplier and a loss averse wholesaler . We extend our study to a multi tiered product setting and examine the impacts of social influences and loss aversion on SC decisions and channel coordination . Given the gloomy post Covid 19 economic prospects in an era of reglobalization this study urges trade associations and business leaders to immunize their SCs by considering behavioral biases and social influences and revisiting their contractual obligations .,We extend our study to a multi tiered product setting and examine the impacts of social influences and loss aversion on SC decisions and channel coordination . This paper studies a luxury sporting goods supply chain experiencing trade disruption and market volatility . We propose a flexible trade credit contract with minimum order quantity and design a coordination mechanism between a supplier and a loss averse wholesaler .604603,As the sharing economy has grown rapidly in recent years luxury fashion rental has become a prominent business trend . An increasing number of designer brands are finding ways to cooperate with rental platforms rather than compete with them . We develop a stylized model to study the impact of business to consumer product sharing on luxury fashion brands . Specifically we consider a setting where a designer brand firm provides a luxury fashion product to a rental platform which can either purchase the product from the firm then rent to consumers or allow the designer brand firm to use its platform to reach the consumers directly with a commission fee . Our analysis reveals that the presence of a rental platform leads to two simultaneous effects a market expansion effect and a cannibalization effect . In the base model we show that the market expansion effect dominates the cannibalization effect . Therefore the designer brand firm can benefit from the appearance of a rental platform . Further our analysis reveals that the optimal choice between the wholesale and agency contract of the firm and the platform depends critically on two parameters the revenue sharing proportion and salvage value . We illustrate that when the revenue sharing proportion is relatively large and salvage value is relatively small both the firm and the platform benefit more under the agency contract . Moreover we illustrate the robustness of our main insights to consider the presence of different consumer segments consumers conspicuous behavior competition between rental platforms and two period rental setting .,We develop a stylized model to study the impact of business to consumer product sharing on luxury fashion brands . Our analysis reveals that the presence of a rental platform leads to two simultaneous effects a market expansion effect and a cannibalization effect . In the base model we show that the market expansion effect dominates the cannibalization effect .605604,We examine the value of blockchain for disclosing secondhand product quality in a supply chain in which contributors consign secondhand products to an online platform that resells them and competes with suppliers of new products . We find that the platform is more likely to provide a uniform pricing strategy with new products when the revenue sharing portion of the consignment contract is sufficiently low . Moreover surprisingly without blockchain the platform prefers moderately perceived and true quality secondhand products instead of extremely high or low quality . With blockchain the platform prefers selling low uniqueness and low quality secondhand products . Furthermore we find that with blockchain horizontal integration is more effective in improving the supply chains total profit . A win win win outcome can be achieved for the platform the supplier and consumers in a supply chain that sells low uniqueness products .,We find that the platform is more likely to provide a uniform pricing strategy with new products when the revenue sharing portion of the consignment contract is sufficiently low . Furthermore we find that with blockchain horizontal integration is more effective in improving the supply chains total profit . Moreover surprisingly without blockchain the platform prefers moderately perceived and true quality secondhand products instead of extremely high or low quality .606605,Blockchain is a technology with unique combination of features such as decentralized structure distributed notes and storage mechanism consensus algorithm smart contracting and asymmetric encryption to ensure network security transparency and visibility . Blockchain has immense potential to transform supply chain functions from SC provenance business process reengineering to security enhancement . More and more studies exploring the use of blockchain in SCs have appeared in recent years . In this paper we consider a total of 178 articles and examine all the relevant research done in the field associated with the use of blockchain integration in SC operations . We highlight the corresponding opportunities possible societal impacts current state of the art technologies along with major trends and challenges . We examine several industrial sectors such as shipping manufacturing automotive aviation finance technology energy healthcare agriculture and food e commerce and education among others that can be successfully revamped with blockchain based technologies through enhanced visibility and business process management . A future research agenda is established which lays the solid foundation for further studies on this important emerging research area .,In this paper we consider a total of 178 articles and examine all the relevant research done in the field associated with the use of blockchain integration in SC operations . We highlight the corresponding opportunities possible societal impacts current state of the art technologies along with major trends and challenges . More and more studies exploring the use of blockchain in SCs have appeared in recent years .607606,Network theory has provided key insights into the overall resilience of air transportation systems . We expand upon these insights by using Mahalanobis distance to quantify delay abnormalities complex network metrics for high level insights and a hybrid method that combines data driven and network approaches . We apply these methods to public data and discuss trends in resilience among four US airlines . We find that our data driven methods enable more detailed insights into airline resilience than traditional network methods . We also find that simultaneously considering all three approaches provides a more comprehensive understanding of resilience than the consideration of any one in isolation .,We also find that simultaneously considering all three approaches provides a more comprehensive understanding of resilience than the consideration of any one in isolation . We find that our data driven methods enable more detailed insights into airline resilience than traditional network methods . We expand upon these insights by using Mahalanobis distance to quantify delay abnormalities complex network metrics for high level insights and a hybrid method that combines data driven and network approaches .608607,This paper models a single allocation multi commodity hub and spoke network problem through a bi objective mathematical model considering the congestion in both hubs and connection links . A novel aggregation model is developed based on a general GI G c queuing system to evaluate the congestion of the flow of the multiple products in the hubs . The proposed model is then solved using a novel learning based metaheuristic based on NSGA II,The proposed model is then solved using a novel learning based metaheuristic based on NSGA II A novel aggregation model is developed based on a general GI G c queuing system to evaluate the congestion of the flow of the multiple products in the hubs . This paper models a single allocation multi commodity hub and spoke network problem through a bi objective mathematical model considering the congestion in both hubs and connection links .609608,In China rapid development of online food delivery brings massive orders which relies heavily on deliverymen riding e bikes . In practice actual delivery routes of most orders are not the same as the system recommended routes and the road network information for some areas is outdated or incomplete . In this research we develop a deep inverse reinforcement learning algorithm to capture deliverymens preferences from historical GPS trajectories and recommend their preferred routes . Considering the characteristics of food delivery routes we employ Dijkstras algorithm instead of value iteration to determine the current policy and compute the gradient of IRL . Moreover we plan routes at the presence and absence of road network information providing accurate navigation when road network information is unknown . Numerical experiments on real delivery trajectories provided by Meituan Dianping Group show that our approach improves,Considering the characteristics of food delivery routes we employ Dijkstras algorithm instead of value iteration to determine the current policy and compute the gradient of IRL . Moreover we plan routes at the presence and absence of road network information providing accurate navigation when road network information is unknown . In practice actual delivery routes of most orders are not the same as the system recommended routes and the road network information for some areas is outdated or incomplete .610609,Container ports play an important role in global logistics and supply chains by providing container handling services for container ships . In a port container ships usually need the assistance of tugboats in order to undergo berthing shifting and unberthing movements . Effective scheduling of the tugboats for serving the ships is thus of great importance for ensuring safe and efficient container ship movements in a port . However research on tugboat scheduling is scarce in the literature . We contribute to the literature by studying a real life tugboat scheduling problem . We formulate the Tug SP using a mixed integer linear programming model taking into consideration various practical constraints . In view of the specific problem structure we further develop six families of valid inequalities to strengthen the MILP model . To efficiently solve the Tug SP we develop a tailored branch and cut algorithm by incorporating these valid inequalities into a standard branch and bound solution framework . We evaluate the computational performance of the proposed branch and cut algorithm using a set of test instances generated from real life ship traffic data collected from the Port of Singapore . The computational results validate the effectiveness of the proposed valid inequalities and show that the branch and cut algorithm can optimally solve instances of realistic sizes with a reasonable amount of computation time .,The computational results validate the effectiveness of the proposed valid inequalities and show that the branch and cut algorithm can optimally solve instances of realistic sizes with a reasonable amount of computation time . In view of the specific problem structure we further develop six families of valid inequalities to strengthen the MILP model . We evaluate the computational performance of the proposed branch and cut algorithm using a set of test instances generated from real life ship traffic data collected from the Port of Singapore .611610,We consider a firm producing and selling experience products over two periods with private quality information . Consumers strategically decide their purchasing timing driven by the imitation effect and the firm chooses pricing policy and equilibrium type . Results imply that the firm prefers preannounced pricing but consumers prefer dynamic pricing . Under both pricing schemes the first period price decreases but the second period price increases with the imitation effect . A pooling pooling equilibrium is always preferred unless the firm is farsighted and the imitation effect is weak under dynamic pricing .,Under both pricing schemes the first period price decreases but the second period price increases with the imitation effect . A pooling pooling equilibrium is always preferred unless the firm is farsighted and the imitation effect is weak under dynamic pricing . Consumers strategically decide their purchasing timing driven by the imitation effect and the firm chooses pricing policy and equilibrium type .612611,Dynamic macroeconomic conditions and non binding truckload freight contracts enable both shippers and carriers to behave opportunistically . We present an empirical analysis of carrier reciprocity in the US truckload transportation sector to demonstrate whether consistent performance and fair pricing by shippers when markets are in their favor result in maintained primary carrier tender acceptance when markets turn . The results suggest carriers have short memories they do not remember shippers previous period pricing tendering behavior or performance when making freight acceptance decisions . However carriers appear to be myopic and respond to shippers current market period behaviors ostensibly without regard to shippers previous behaviors .,We present an empirical analysis of carrier reciprocity in the US truckload transportation sector to demonstrate whether consistent performance and fair pricing by shippers when markets are in their favor result in maintained primary carrier tender acceptance when markets turn . Dynamic macroeconomic conditions and non binding truckload freight contracts enable both shippers and carriers to behave opportunistically . However carriers appear to be myopic and respond to shippers current market period behaviors ostensibly without regard to shippers previous behaviors .613612,This paper compares the efficiency of two relocation methods in a one way station based electric car sharing system . First an operator based model is considered where relocations are managed by a dedicated crew . This is compared to a user based model where price incentives are used to balance demand and supply . Two types of pricing schemes are investigated A trip based and a station based scheme . The,The This paper compares the efficiency of two relocation methods in a one way station based electric car sharing system . This is compared to a user based model where price incentives are used to balance demand and supply .614613,Optimizing the duration of delivery tours is a crucial issue in urban logistics . In most cases travel times between locations are considered as constant for the whole optimization horizon . Making these travel times time dependent is particularly relevant in real urban traffic environments as traffic conditions and thus travel speeds vary according to the time of the day . In this paper we review the literature on time dependent routing problems with a specific focus on benchmarks and performance criteria used to experimentally evaluate the interest of exploiting time dependent data showing the lack of studies on the impact of spatio temporal features of the benchmark on solutions . Hence we introduce a new benchmark produced from a realistic traffic flow micro simulation of Lyon city allowing us to consider different levels of spatial granularity,In this paper we review the literature on time dependent routing problems with a specific focus on benchmarks and performance criteria used to experimentally evaluate the interest of exploiting time dependent data showing the lack of studies on the impact of spatio temporal features of the benchmark on solutions . Optimizing the duration of delivery tours is a crucial issue in urban logistics . Making these travel times time dependent is particularly relevant in real urban traffic environments as traffic conditions and thus travel speeds vary according to the time of the day .615614,We study request acceptance dynamics in same day delivery systems by formulating the Dynamic Dispatch Waves Problem with Immediate Acceptance which models integrated management and distribution for dynamically arriving customer requests . We consider an e commerce platform that attempts to serve most customers with same day delivery service . When a shopper attempts to place an order a decision is made immediately to offer same day delivery service or to deny service . Accepted requests are not available for immediate dispatch they must be processed before they are loaded for delivery . Vehicle routes are updated dynamically and serve each accepted delivery request no later than the end of the service day . In this work we limit the study to the case of a single vehicle serving requests potentially using multiple trips from the distribution center . The objective is to make request acceptance and distribution decisions that minimize the expected sum of vehicle travel costs and penalties for service denials . We develop a framework for dynamic decision policies over continuous time for such systems where a feasible vehicle dispatch plan is redesigned and used to guide decisions over time . We design methods for determining an initial optimal,In this work we limit the study to the case of a single vehicle serving requests potentially using multiple trips from the distribution center . The objective is to make request acceptance and distribution decisions that minimize the expected sum of vehicle travel costs and penalties for service denials . Vehicle routes are updated dynamically and serve each accepted delivery request no later than the end of the service day .616615,In order to increase the order picking efficiency e commerce retailers have started to implement order picking systems where mobile robots carry inventory pods to pick stations . In pick stations pickers pick the products from inventory pods and put them in customer bins . In such a robotic mobile fulfillment center pickers are constantly busy with picking customer orders and avoid non value adding activities such as walking to reach storage locations . To fulfill customer orders each robot needs to complete a sequence of missions and each mission includes a set of retrieval requests . We study the operational problem of scheduling a mobile robot fulfilling a set of customer orders from a pick station . The mobile robot needs to bring each pod from a retrieval location to the pick station and return the pod to a storage location . The objective is to minimize the total travel time of the robot which can be considered as a proxy for other objectives such a shorter lead time higher throughput and less capital investment . We formulate the basic problem as an asymmetric traveling salesman problem . We then extend the model by adding general precedence constraints to give different priorities to customer orders based on their urgency . We also study a variation of the problem where the pod can be stored in multiple alternative locations . In this case we model the problem as a generalized asymmetric traveling salesman problem . An adaptive large neighborhood search heuristic is developed to efficiently solve real size instances . The method outperforms the heuristics commonly used in practice .,We then extend the model by adding general precedence constraints to give different priorities to customer orders based on their urgency . We study the operational problem of scheduling a mobile robot fulfilling a set of customer orders from a pick station . We also study a variation of the problem where the pod can be stored in multiple alternative locations .617616,Multi modal transportation takes advantage of multiple transport modes and can be an effective way to ease the negative environmental effects of freight transportation . This paper addresses a multi modal distribution network design problem with the aim of balancing the trade off between economic and environmental benefits . The distribution network that we consider includes both transportation with trucks and ships . We propose a new mixed integer programming model which decides the optimal design of the system i.e . how many ships of each type to use their corresponding routes and sailing speeds . It also suggests an optimal cargo flow through the maritime and road based network . We show how the MIP model can be used to provide decision support through a case study from the distribution of automobiles in India which has a vast coastline that can be used for maritime transportation . Environmental emissions from automobile transportation in India have been rapidly increasing in recent years with the fast economic development and it has become a major contributor to regional air pollution and road congestion . One possible way to ease these negative environmental consequences is to consider a modal shift where some of the automobile transportation from the production facilities located close to the coastline is replaced by roll on roll off ships . Our study shows that multi modal distribution is both environmentally friendly and economically beneficial especially if more industrial players can collaborate to create economies of scale .,This paper addresses a multi modal distribution network design problem with the aim of balancing the trade off between economic and environmental benefits . We propose a new mixed integer programming model which decides the optimal design of the system i.e . The distribution network that we consider includes both transportation with trucks and ships .618617,Expected to operate in the imminent future air taxi service is an aerial on demand transport for a single passenger or a small group of riders which seeks to transform the method of everyday commute . This uncharted territory in the emerging transportation world is anticipated to enable consumers bypass traffic congestion in urban road networks . By adopting an electric vertical takeoff and landing concept air taxis could be operational from skyports retrofitted on building rooftops thus gaining advantage from an implementation standpoint . Motivated by the potential impact of ATS this study provides a review of air taxi systems and associated operations . We first discuss the current developments in the ATS . Next we anticipate potential future challenges of ATS from an operations management perspective and review the existing literature that could be leveraged to tackle these problems . Finally we detail future research opportunities in the air taxi domain .,Expected to operate in the imminent future air taxi service is an aerial on demand transport for a single passenger or a small group of riders which seeks to transform the method of everyday commute . Motivated by the potential impact of ATS this study provides a review of air taxi systems and associated operations . We first discuss the current developments in the ATS .619618,Pricing and package size decisions are critical to the success or failure of reward based crowdfunding projects the importance of these decisions has been overlooked in the existing crowdfunding literature . In this paper we develop a two period model to study pricing and package size decisions in a crowdfunding game where a creator sells perishable products to sequentially arriving consumers . Consumers are heterogeneous in their usages and valuations and they get utility by consuming products rather than owning them . The creator can choose to provide a product menu that contains two types of packages or only provide one type of package to match the consumers usages and valuations . The project would succeed only when the project target is achieved during the funding period otherwise the transaction would be canceled . We show that consumers usages and valuations have a large impact on deciding the creators optimal pricing strategy and project target regardless of whether the exogenous or endogenous package sizes are used . In addition market outcomes depend not only on the optimal pricing strategy but also on the optimal project target . Moreover the creator can benefit from providing two types of packages instead of one type of package . Finally the creator can strategically reduce the size of the large package and narrow the gap between the two packages to attract more funds .,In this paper we develop a two period model to study pricing and package size decisions in a crowdfunding game where a creator sells perishable products to sequentially arriving consumers . Finally the creator can strategically reduce the size of the large package and narrow the gap between the two packages to attract more funds . In addition market outcomes depend not only on the optimal pricing strategy but also on the optimal project target .620619,This paper investigates the optimal pricing strategies of domestic imported electric vehicle manufacturer and the governments optimal decisions by developing the game theoretic models . The results show that the technology spillover caused by introducing IEVs into domestic markets can affect the profits of electric vehicle manufacturers and the governments decisions on subsidies and tariffs . In addition implementing the subsidy and tariff policies can help to improve the profit of the domestic electric vehicle manufacturer and the social welfare . Moreover when the degree of technology spillover is relatively large implementing the subsidy and tariff policies can also help to improve the consumer surplus .,This paper investigates the optimal pricing strategies of domestic imported electric vehicle manufacturer and the governments optimal decisions by developing the game theoretic models . In addition implementing the subsidy and tariff policies can help to improve the profit of the domestic electric vehicle manufacturer and the social welfare . Moreover when the degree of technology spillover is relatively large implementing the subsidy and tariff policies can also help to improve the consumer surplus .621620,Quantity discounts are a common pricing mechanism to stimulate large orders . We explore their impact on the dynamic behaviour of production and distribution systems by studying key operational and economic metrics . In a three echelon supply chain we observe that the discount generally increases the Bullwhip Effect which especially harms the manufacturer . The discount also reduces the retailers purchase costs but increases its inventory and capacity related costs . A key trade off thus emerges which manifests itself through a U shaped relationship between the total cost and the discount acceptance parameter . In the light of this trade off we discuss how key factors should affect the retailers willingness to pursue the discount . We observe that managers that need to deal with tougher environmental conditions such as high demand uncertainty and long lead times should be less reluctant to increase orders up to the discount quantity . We also discuss in detail other valuable insights for professionals both from the perspective of sellers and buyers .,In the light of this trade off we discuss how key factors should affect the retailers willingness to pursue the discount . We explore their impact on the dynamic behaviour of production and distribution systems by studying key operational and economic metrics . We also discuss in detail other valuable insights for professionals both from the perspective of sellers and buyers .622621,This special issue explores new practices and applications in logistics and supply chain management for luxury goods . This editorial note summarizes the discussions on different important topics including sustainability sourcing advertising behavioral consideration product sharing and channel management among other aspects .,This special issue explores new practices and applications in logistics and supply chain management for luxury goods . This editorial note summarizes the discussions on different important topics including sustainability sourcing advertising behavioral consideration product sharing and channel management among other aspects .623622,Quick response systems which aim to respond promptly to market changes by postponing inventory decisions with a reduced lead time are critical to support fast fashion operations . Under QR systems in the digital data analytics era the fashion brand can acquire market information using digital technologies to improve demand forecasting . This enhances the respective ordering and transportation mode selection decisions . It is known that to implement QR systems requires the availability of the right logistics option and the needed logistics capacity in the future . An Internet based elastic logistics platform hence emerges to help . In this paper in the main model we analytically derive via stochastic dynamic programming the optimal transportation option selection and inventory ordering policy with the ELP . We further examine the value of ELP and identify the situations in which it is especially beneficial to adopt it . Robustness checking is conducted which proves that the theoretical findings derived in the main model are solid . Specific managerial action plans and managerial implications are developed .,In this paper in the main model we analytically derive via stochastic dynamic programming the optimal transportation option selection and inventory ordering policy with the ELP . It is known that to implement QR systems requires the availability of the right logistics option and the needed logistics capacity in the future . We further examine the value of ELP and identify the situations in which it is especially beneficial to adopt it .624623,Financial leasing has become a common solution to financing problems encountered by firms . The main difference between FL and some conventional supply chain financing strategies is the separation of ownership and the right of use of the equipment products . This paper studies a service supply chain that consists of a capital constrained downstream firm that provides service to consumers and an upstream firm that manufactures the equipment needed during the service process . The downstream firm has three alternative financing solutions including FL bank credit financing and trade credit financing . In this study game theoretical models are constructed to analyze and compare the optimal prices order quantities and profits in different financing scenarios . Results corroborate that FL outperforms other conventional financing strategies when the profitability of service provision is low or the premium revenue of the FL firm due to its better utilization of the equipment is relatively high . Moreover the preference of the downstream firm on alternative financing models might not be exactly consistent with that of the upstream firm or the supply chain system . Under some conditions the downstream firm prefers TCF to other strategies while the upstream firm and the supply chain system is better off under FL . Furthermore we extend our research to some general situations e.g . endogenous interest rate in BCF positive quantity of equipment endowed with the downstream firm and integrated union of the upstream firm and the FL firm . Most of the results derived in the basic model can be further applied in most of the general situations .,This paper studies a service supply chain that consists of a capital constrained downstream firm that provides service to consumers and an upstream firm that manufactures the equipment needed during the service process . Most of the results derived in the basic model can be further applied in most of the general situations . endogenous interest rate in BCF positive quantity of equipment endowed with the downstream firm and integrated union of the upstream firm and the FL firm .625624,The COVID 19 pandemic in 2019 2020 ushered in a new turbulent and chaotic global environment where governments not only placed temporary restrictions on peoples movements but also mandated limits on business activities . However lacking in the contemporary scholarly discourse is a deeper understanding of how businesses respond to such pandemics . In this,However lacking in the contemporary scholarly discourse is a deeper understanding of how businesses respond to such pandemics . In this The COVID 19 pandemic in 2019 2020 ushered in a new turbulent and chaotic global environment where governments not only placed temporary restrictions on peoples movements but also mandated limits on business activities .626625,Liner carriers must regularly adjust their shipping networks to respond to competitors and changing seasonal customer demands . They do this by selecting and moving ships between routes . State of the art approaches decompose this into two separate problems . We propose an integrated mathematical model and matheuristic for the liner shipping fleet deployment and repositioning problem that jointly optimizes the choice of vessels for routes and the cost of moving vessels to their assignments . We use real world data to show that simultaneously optimizing deployment and repositioning can result in significant cost reduction over solving the problems independently .,We propose an integrated mathematical model and matheuristic for the liner shipping fleet deployment and repositioning problem that jointly optimizes the choice of vessels for routes and the cost of moving vessels to their assignments . State of the art approaches decompose this into two separate problems . We use real world data to show that simultaneously optimizing deployment and repositioning can result in significant cost reduction over solving the problems independently .627626,This paper proposes an adding runs strategy to alleviate in vehicle crowding for peak hour bus services . Passengers departure time choices under user equilibrium and system optimum conditions are investigated with and without adding runs strategy . A bi level programming model is developed to determine the optimal adding runs strategy . An artificial bee colony algorithm is adopted to solve the proposed bi level problem . Numerical examples show that the adding runs strategy is effective in alleviating crowding effects and reducing schedule delay in peak hour bus services . The total system cost can be reduced by more than 8 with the optimal adding runs strategy .,An artificial bee colony algorithm is adopted to solve the proposed bi level problem . A bi level programming model is developed to determine the optimal adding runs strategy . This paper proposes an adding runs strategy to alleviate in vehicle crowding for peak hour bus services .628627,The transit equilibrium assignment problem aims to predict the distributions of passenger flows on lines or line segments in a transit network . Compared to the traffic assignment problem for highway networks the TEAP is much less studied especially in terms of solution algorithms . This paper proposes two Newton type hyperpath based algorithms for a frequency based TEAP formulation that considers both the congestion effect related to crowding and the queuing effect related to boarding . These newly developed algorithms as well as two benchmark algorithms from the literature are tested and compared on a number of transit networks including two constructed using real world data . The results show the proposed hyperpath based algorithms significantly outperform the benchmark algorithms in large networks .,This paper proposes two Newton type hyperpath based algorithms for a frequency based TEAP formulation that considers both the congestion effect related to crowding and the queuing effect related to boarding . The results show the proposed hyperpath based algorithms significantly outperform the benchmark algorithms in large networks . Compared to the traffic assignment problem for highway networks the TEAP is much less studied especially in terms of solution algorithms .629628,The expectation of the largest gap between two consecutive picks in an aisle is a basic building block in modelling the pick travel distance for the largest gap routing policy in a warehouse . Researchers have predominantly used either simulation or recursive algorithms for its estimation . This paper develops analytical expressions for this statistic in both continuous and discrete aisles using the statistical theory of ordered uniform spacings . We further demonstrate how these results can apply to the entire multi aisle warehouse . Our results show that these expressions are accurate and extremely fast to evaluate as compared to the existing approaches .,This paper develops analytical expressions for this statistic in both continuous and discrete aisles using the statistical theory of ordered uniform spacings . The expectation of the largest gap between two consecutive picks in an aisle is a basic building block in modelling the pick travel distance for the largest gap routing policy in a warehouse . We further demonstrate how these results can apply to the entire multi aisle warehouse .630629,This paper considers the problem of inferring statewide traffic patterns by scaling massive GPS trajectory data which capture about 3 of the overall traffic in Utah . It proposes a least absolute deviations model with controlled overfitting to scale 2.3 million trajectories such that resulting data best fit vehicle counts measured by 296 traffic sensors across the state . The proposed model improves on an often cited approach from the literature and achieves 45 lower error for locations not seen in model training obtaining 18 median hourly error across all test locations .,This paper considers the problem of inferring statewide traffic patterns by scaling massive GPS trajectory data which capture about 3 of the overall traffic in Utah . The proposed model improves on an often cited approach from the literature and achieves 45 lower error for locations not seen in model training obtaining 18 median hourly error across all test locations . It proposes a least absolute deviations model with controlled overfitting to scale 2.3 million trajectories such that resulting data best fit vehicle counts measured by 296 traffic sensors across the state .631630,Crowd shipping is an innovative logistics service that occasional and professional couriers sign up for via an online platform to deliver packages upon requests by senders . Currently the demand and supply of CS is not yet well understood largely due to the limited real world data . This study aims to first fill this gap by analyzing the real world CS data from the city of Atlanta GA between April 2015 and August 2018 . We first present an overview of the real world CS data in three aspects the CS pricing scheme the CS spatial and temporal delivery patterns and comparison of preferences between the senders requests and the couriers bids . The analysis finds that the CS service has a clear price advantage over FedEx in the same day and express service as well as in the large extra large and huge size package delivery . The data analysis also reveals considerable discrepancies between senders and couriers preferences . We then compare two classes of the state of the art Deep Learning methods in their ability to predict short term CS delivery trip production . One class captures only the temporal features namely the Long Short term Memory Neural Network the Bidirectional Long Short term Memory Neural Network and the Gated Recurrent Unit . The other class considers both spatial and temporal features namely Convolutional Neural Network,We then compare two classes of the state of the art Deep Learning methods in their ability to predict short term CS delivery trip production . We first present an overview of the real world CS data in three aspects the CS pricing scheme the CS spatial and temporal delivery patterns and comparison of preferences between the senders requests and the couriers bids . This study aims to first fill this gap by analyzing the real world CS data from the city of Atlanta GA between April 2015 and August 2018 .632631,As the number of countries liberalizing their skies increases some airlines notably carriers in the Middle East have extended their hub and spoke networks beyond domestic borders . This allows them to serve international destinations without the need to go through traditional gateway hubs so that they can compete with airline alliances relying on the traditional dual gateway or the so called dog bone networks . This paper proposes a stochastic optimization model to address the location choice issue of additional gateway airports with a consideration of the competition between airlines running traditional dog bone networks and hub and spoke networks in a liberalizing inter continental market . A two stage approach is adopted to model the effects of demand uncertainty . In the first stage the future passenger demand is not observable and thus airlines or airline alliances aim to maximize their own expected profit by choosing additional gateway airports from the set of candidate gateway airports pre specified by the regulator . In the second stage with the passenger demand observed and the gateway scheme fixed airlines determine their aircraft sizes and service frequencies to maximize their own profit and air passengers choose routes that minimize their own travel disutility . Based on a calibration of the demand dispersion parameters in elastic demand function the proposed model is applied to the China Europe aviation market which includes the inter continental international market and the associated Chinese and European domestic markets so that to ascertain the comparative advantages of different network configurations . The social welfares of the system under different demand scenarios and different gateway schemes are compared and the sensitivity analyses of some parameters are also implemented .,This paper proposes a stochastic optimization model to address the location choice issue of additional gateway airports with a consideration of the competition between airlines running traditional dog bone networks and hub and spoke networks in a liberalizing inter continental market . Based on a calibration of the demand dispersion parameters in elastic demand function the proposed model is applied to the China Europe aviation market which includes the inter continental international market and the associated Chinese and European domestic markets so that to ascertain the comparative advantages of different network configurations . A two stage approach is adopted to model the effects of demand uncertainty .633632,Optimization of the green logistics location routing problem with eco packages involves solving a two echelon location routing problem and the pickup and delivery problem with time windows . The first echelon consists of large eco package transport which is modeled by a time discretized transport concentrated network flow programming in the resource sharing statespacetime network . The second echelon focuses on small eco package pickups and deliveries established by the cost minimized synchronization oriented location routing model that minimizes the total generalized cost which includes internal transportation cost value of eco packages short term benefits and environmental externalities . In addition the Gaussian mixture clustering algorithm is utilized to assign customers to their respective service providers in the pickup and delivery process and a ClarkeWright saving method based non dominated sorting genetic algorithm II is designed to optimize pickup and delivery routes and improve their cost effectiveness and degree of synchronization . Different strategy testing results are used in the service phase as input data to calculate the cost of the transport phase which is solved through a Lagrangian relaxation approach . The 3D SST network representation innovatively captures the eco package route sequence and state transition constraints over the shortest path in the pickup and delivery at any given moment of the transport phase . A large scale logistics network in Chengdu China is used to demonstrate the proposed model and algorithm and undertake sensitivity analysis considering the life cycle of green eco packages .,A large scale logistics network in Chengdu China is used to demonstrate the proposed model and algorithm and undertake sensitivity analysis considering the life cycle of green eco packages . The 3D SST network representation innovatively captures the eco package route sequence and state transition constraints over the shortest path in the pickup and delivery at any given moment of the transport phase . Optimization of the green logistics location routing problem with eco packages involves solving a two echelon location routing problem and the pickup and delivery problem with time windows .634633,The tradable credit scheme as a revenue neutral management measure has received much attention in the field of traffic management in recent years . This paper investigates the management performance of the TCS on high occupancy vehicle lanes with the approach of equilibrium analysis . The analysis is based on a commuting scenario in which commuters use a multi lane highway with HOV lanes . We developed a basic system in which commuters have two alternative travel modes driving alone in general purpose lanes or carpooling in HOV lanes . Under this assumption the HOV lane management with TCSs is formulated as a mathematical programming problem . We analyze the effects with respect to feasible TCSs effective TCSs and optimal TCSs respectively . We extend the basic system by considering regular carpoolers with the scenario of HOVs choosing GP lanes . Under this situation the HOV lane management with TCSs is formulated as a variational inequality problem . We further analyze the management effects of different TCSs . Numerical examples demonstrate system indicators with several typical states the impact of key parameters on TCS management performance and the feature of the extended system in typical scenarios . Results show that the optimal TCS is achievable in the basic system by limiting the traffic flow of GP lanes . However the optimal TCS may not exist in the extended system considering regular carpoolers and a sufficient condition is proposed to guarantee its existence .,This paper investigates the management performance of the TCS on high occupancy vehicle lanes with the approach of equilibrium analysis . We extend the basic system by considering regular carpoolers with the scenario of HOVs choosing GP lanes . However the optimal TCS may not exist in the extended system considering regular carpoolers and a sufficient condition is proposed to guarantee its existence .635634,This paper studies the cross dock truck scheduling problem which considers the uncertainty of trucks arrival and operational times . We introduce a concept named conflict and present a two stage optimization model aiming at minimizing the total cost and number of conflicts . Furthermore an extended model by introducing K means clustering is presented for which the performance guarantees are provided to validate its efficiency . A column and constraint generation algorithm which is proved to converge in a finite number of iterations is designed to solve the developed models . Extensive numerical experiments are conducted to validate the performance of the developed models and algorithm .,We introduce a concept named conflict and present a two stage optimization model aiming at minimizing the total cost and number of conflicts . Extensive numerical experiments are conducted to validate the performance of the developed models and algorithm . A column and constraint generation algorithm which is proved to converge in a finite number of iterations is designed to solve the developed models .636635,This study addresses an interesting tugboat scheduling problem considering uncertainty in both container ship arrival and tugging process times for large container ports . The uncertain ship arrival and tugging process times are formulated as a finite set of discrete scenarios that can be generated from historical port traffic data . We deal with the uncertainty by integrating proactive and reactive scheduling strategies such that this study is distinct from most existing studies in the literature . The proactive scheduling strategy considers the expected degree of variability and uncertainty during the execution of a tugboat fleet schedule while the reactive scheduling strategy properly adjusts the initial schedule to cope with unexpected scenarios with minimum recovery cost . A mixed integer linear programming model for the proposed tugboat scheduling problem is established . For a large scale problem an ad hoc algorithm is designed to generate tugging chains such that the large scale problem can be tackled effectively . The extensive numerical experiments are finally carried out to demonstrate the practical significances of the models and algorithms developed by this study .,A mixed integer linear programming model for the proposed tugboat scheduling problem is established . The extensive numerical experiments are finally carried out to demonstrate the practical significances of the models and algorithms developed by this study . The proactive scheduling strategy considers the expected degree of variability and uncertainty during the execution of a tugboat fleet schedule while the reactive scheduling strategy properly adjusts the initial schedule to cope with unexpected scenarios with minimum recovery cost .637636,We investigate a variant of the standard Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem where each vehicle is powered exclusively by electricity stored in its rechargeable battery . Consequently each vehicle should visit not only customer nodes but also some charging stations before the battery got depleted . The importance of this problem stems from the fact that logistics companies are increasingly relying on electric vehicles in urban distribution . We propose three exact approaches . The first one requires solving a compact polynomial sized formulation . The second approach is a branch and cut algorithm . An original feature of this algorithm is that it embeds the first exact separation of the well known rounded capacity constraints . Finally the third approach is a hybrid algorithm that requires solving an augmented variant of the compact formulation . We report the results of a computational study that was carried out on a set of 125 instances providing evidence that the polynomial sized formulation can consistently solve instances having up to 30 customer nodes and 21 charging stations and that the hybrid algorithm solves some instances having up to 100 customer nodes and 21 charging stations while requiring moderate CPU times . Furthermore the proposed approach was shown to exhibit limitations in solving some large scale tightly constrained instances .,Furthermore the proposed approach was shown to exhibit limitations in solving some large scale tightly constrained instances . We report the results of a computational study that was carried out on a set of 125 instances providing evidence that the polynomial sized formulation can consistently solve instances having up to 30 customer nodes and 21 charging stations and that the hybrid algorithm solves some instances having up to 100 customer nodes and 21 charging stations while requiring moderate CPU times . Finally the third approach is a hybrid algorithm that requires solving an augmented variant of the compact formulation .638637,This paper investigates a Buy Online and Deliver from Store strategy where a manufacturer sells products through both online and offline channels and employs the offline retailer to deliver online orders from the retailers warehouse . By comparing Strategy BODS with a benchmark scenario where the manufacturer runs the online channel and the retailer manages the offline channel respectively and independently we generally find that if the competition between two channels is stronger the dual channel supply chain is more likely to implement Strategy BODS and vice versa . More importantly we pinpoint that a centralized supply chain has less motivation to implement Strategy BODS than a decentralized one .,By comparing Strategy BODS with a benchmark scenario where the manufacturer runs the online channel and the retailer manages the offline channel respectively and independently we generally find that if the competition between two channels is stronger the dual channel supply chain is more likely to implement Strategy BODS and vice versa . This paper investigates a Buy Online and Deliver from Store strategy where a manufacturer sells products through both online and offline channels and employs the offline retailer to deliver online orders from the retailers warehouse . More importantly we pinpoint that a centralized supply chain has less motivation to implement Strategy BODS than a decentralized one .639638,The phenomena of the COVID 19 outbreak and the Arctic Iceberg melting over the past two years make us reconsider the impact our way of life has on the environment and the responsibility of business toward minimizing and potentially eliminating emissions . Increasing ship traffic in ports leads to the growing emission of air pollutants which influences the air quality and public health in the surrounding areas . The International Maritime Organization has adopted relevant regulations and mandatory energy efficiency measures to address ship emissions . To ensure the effective implementation of such regulations and measures air emission detection and monitoring has become crucial . In this paper a dynamic multitarget path planning model is developed to realize multi UAVs performing synergistic detection of ship emissions in ports . A path planning algorithm under a dynamic environment is developed to establish the model . This algorithm incorporates a Tabu table into particle swarm optimization to improve its optimization ability and it obtains the initial detection route of each UAV based on a minimum ring method . This paper describes a multi UAVs synergistic algorithm to formulate the path reprogramming time in a dynamic environment by judging and cutting the minimum ring . This finding proves the improved efficiency of air pollution detection by UAVs . It provides useful insights for maritime and port authorities to detect ship emissions in practice and to ensure ship emission reduction for better air quality in the postpandemic era .,In this paper a dynamic multitarget path planning model is developed to realize multi UAVs performing synergistic detection of ship emissions in ports . This paper describes a multi UAVs synergistic algorithm to formulate the path reprogramming time in a dynamic environment by judging and cutting the minimum ring . A path planning algorithm under a dynamic environment is developed to establish the model .640639,This paper studies an integrated network planning and operation problem of sustainable closed loop supply chain under demand uncertainty with particularly interest in the configuration of retail network . The problem is modeled as a two stage stochastic program which is further extended to evaluate the impact of various carbon polices on planning and operation decisions of the CLSC . A branch and bound based integer L shaped algorithm has been proposed to solve these models . Extensive numerical experiments are conducted and impacts of carbon policies are analyzed . Sensitivity analysis is carried out and several managerial insights are drawn .,This paper studies an integrated network planning and operation problem of sustainable closed loop supply chain under demand uncertainty with particularly interest in the configuration of retail network . The problem is modeled as a two stage stochastic program which is further extended to evaluate the impact of various carbon polices on planning and operation decisions of the CLSC . Extensive numerical experiments are conducted and impacts of carbon policies are analyzed .641640,The crew pairing problem is one of the most important but challenging tasks for commercial airlines . However the operation environment of the aviation industry is highly volatile with diverse uncertainties . Flight flying time variability is an important disruption that usually causes deviations of flight departure arrival times from the schedule . Traditional crew pairing frameworks without considering flight flying time variability can generate pairings that are fragile to flight delays . However the impact of flight flying time variability on crew pairings is under explored . In this paper we propose two robustness enhancement strategies based on the consideration of flight flying time variability . Besides two robustness measurements are developed to construct two novel robust crew pairing models . One is time based while the other is number based . A customized column generation based solution algorithm is proposed . Computational experiments based on real flight schedules show that our new models can greatly enhance solution robustness at a price of an acceptable increase in operating costs compared with the traditional model . Besides extreme delay flights can be completely avoided in the proposed models . Moreover the solutions obtained from the time based model show higher resistance against the disruption of flight flying time variability with a lower operating cost than the number based model .,In this paper we propose two robustness enhancement strategies based on the consideration of flight flying time variability . Computational experiments based on real flight schedules show that our new models can greatly enhance solution robustness at a price of an acceptable increase in operating costs compared with the traditional model . Besides extreme delay flights can be completely avoided in the proposed models .642641,In this paper we study a Multi Attribute Inventory Routing Problem . A mathematical formulation and exact solution algorithms are introduced for this problem . More precisely we extend the Multi Depot Inventory Routing Problem in order to consider the multi product case with a heterogeneous fleet of vehicles and explicit constraints for the route duration . The MAIRP is an NP hard problem more complex than the classical Inventory Routing Problem . Moreover it captures many features that can be found in real applications of a vendor managed inventory strategy . We introduce a hybrid exact algorithm to solve it in which several Mixed Integer Programming models are solved to explore the neighborhoods of a Variable Neighborhood Search scheme applied to the MAIRP . We design several neighborhoods that are based on the features of the problem . The impact of this hybridization is a faster convergence of the model and an accelerated resolution process with respect to a branch and cut algorithm applied to the regular MIP formulation . Extensive computational results on new and existing instances from the literature on two benchmark problems and a real data set confirm the high efficiency of our algorithm .,We design several neighborhoods that are based on the features of the problem . The impact of this hybridization is a faster convergence of the model and an accelerated resolution process with respect to a branch and cut algorithm applied to the regular MIP formulation . More precisely we extend the Multi Depot Inventory Routing Problem in order to consider the multi product case with a heterogeneous fleet of vehicles and explicit constraints for the route duration .643642,Forward reserve strategy is commonly applied when processing a large number of small orders . This paper considers robotic forward reserve warehouses where pick locations are brought to workers by mobile robots in the forward area . We treat the critical problem of unsatisfactory efficiency in the robotic forward area . A picking replenishment synchronization mechanism is thereby proposed which optimally attains a balance between replenishment efforts and picking efficiency . The resulting problem is formulated and solved by a tailored variable neighborhood search procedure integrated with a divide and conquer paradigm . Numerical results reveal remarkable benefits of PRSM over the conventional random schemes under different scenarios .,We treat the critical problem of unsatisfactory efficiency in the robotic forward area . This paper considers robotic forward reserve warehouses where pick locations are brought to workers by mobile robots in the forward area . Numerical results reveal remarkable benefits of PRSM over the conventional random schemes under different scenarios .644643,This paper studies the container slot allocation problem for time sensitive cargoes with consideration of dynamic pricing and port congestion under uncertain demand . Time sensitive cargoes call for express delivery . However port congestion is a non negligible factor to affect the delivery time . Hence a new freight rate function with respect to the delivery time considering port congestion is proposed for time sensitive cargoes and two different slot allocation strategies are proposed Loyal Strategy and Expansive Strategy . Accordingly we formulate the problem as a one stage container slot allocation model and a two stage container slot allocation model respectively . Both of the two models are stochastic mixed integer quadratic programming models with chance constraints due to the involvement of dynamic pricing port congestion and uncertain demand . To solve the proposed models a tailored algorithm that combines the Sample Average Approximation approach and the Reformulation Linearization Technique is developed in this paper . Finally numerical experiments are carried out to verify the applicability and effectiveness of the proposed models and the solution algorithm .,To solve the proposed models a tailored algorithm that combines the Sample Average Approximation approach and the Reformulation Linearization Technique is developed in this paper . Finally numerical experiments are carried out to verify the applicability and effectiveness of the proposed models and the solution algorithm . This paper studies the container slot allocation problem for time sensitive cargoes with consideration of dynamic pricing and port congestion under uncertain demand .645644,This paper proposes a new model to study travelers target oriented route choice behavior with perception errors on the tolled traffic network . The prominent characteristics of our model are stochastic correlation between perceived travel time and perceived travel cost captured by copula and target interaction . Furthermore we propose a target oriented bi attribute user equilibrium with PTT and PTC and targets for route travel time and route travel cost in the equilibrium model are both endogenously determined by travelers confidence levels . Finally we examine the impact of targets on the equilibrium results via analytical proof and numerical demonstration .,This paper proposes a new model to study travelers target oriented route choice behavior with perception errors on the tolled traffic network . The prominent characteristics of our model are stochastic correlation between perceived travel time and perceived travel cost captured by copula and target interaction . Finally we examine the impact of targets on the equilibrium results via analytical proof and numerical demonstration .646645,Internet shortens the distance between consumers and firms in a supply chain and facilitates firms to consider consumers behaviors when making business decisions . In this paper we study the decoy effect on firms product proposition decisions under various circumstances . The decoy effect is the phenomenon whereby consumers change their preference between two options when presented with a third option that is less desirable . We examine the product propositions in a competitive supply chain adopting decoy effect from the perspectives of a high end firm or a low end firm respectively . We also investigate impacts of consumers behavioral factors on the decoy effect such as rationality social influence and loss aversion preference . Further we test whether decoys can be as effective online as they are offline and effective in a monopolistic supply chain as well . A multi agent system is built to conduct simulations .,In this paper we study the decoy effect on firms product proposition decisions under various circumstances . We also investigate impacts of consumers behavioral factors on the decoy effect such as rationality social influence and loss aversion preference . Internet shortens the distance between consumers and firms in a supply chain and facilitates firms to consider consumers behaviors when making business decisions .647646,When a luxury brand manufacturer sells its product in two separate markets with price discrimination it may face gray marketers who purchase the product in the lower price market and resell it in the higher price market . To mitigate the effects of the gray market a luxury brand manufacturer may strategically select its sales channels to sell the product in both markets simultaneously in both markets sequentially or exclusively in the high price market . We derive the equilibria for each strategy and demonstrate that selling strategy can mitigate the negative the impact of gray market . The results further show that gray market is active only if the customers valuation discount for gray products is moderate and the gap between the customers perceived status valuation of the two markets is relatively large . As compared to the case without the gray market we find an interesting and counter intuitive result that gray market activity can mitigate the double marginalization effect and lead to a Pareto improvement for both the manufacturer and its retailer . Our research enriches the literature on gray markets by offering new insights and implications and our results provide international luxury brand manufacturers with guidelines for efficiently managing cross market sales channels .,We derive the equilibria for each strategy and demonstrate that selling strategy can mitigate the negative the impact of gray market . When a luxury brand manufacturer sells its product in two separate markets with price discrimination it may face gray marketers who purchase the product in the lower price market and resell it in the higher price market . To mitigate the effects of the gray market a luxury brand manufacturer may strategically select its sales channels to sell the product in both markets simultaneously in both markets sequentially or exclusively in the high price market .648647,To facilitate more efficient and environmentally friendly order picking operations this study explores the optimal storage assignment policy in the Kiva mobile fulfilment system . First temporal association analysis and a clustering approach are employed to identify highly correlated items to be stored in the same rack . Next in order to avoid AGV blocking a new turnover rate based decentralized storage policy is proposed . Subsequently an order picking performance evaluation method is presented . Finally simulation studies are performed to ascertain the effectiveness of TRBDSP . The results show that the new approach can significantly improve order picking efficiency and reduce AGV energy consumption .,Next in order to avoid AGV blocking a new turnover rate based decentralized storage policy is proposed . First temporal association analysis and a clustering approach are employed to identify highly correlated items to be stored in the same rack . Finally simulation studies are performed to ascertain the effectiveness of TRBDSP .649648,This article proposes an innovative path finding algorithm to achieve on time arrival reliability on road networks under uncertainty with stochastic delays at signalized intersections . Typically we extend conventional path finding algorithms to signalized traffic networks of 1 random and correlated running travel time along links 2 delays at intersections and traffic signals and their correlations as well as 3 correlations between RTTL and DITS . We first discuss the theoretical foundations concerning the existence of the optimal solutions and analyze the efficient convergence speed of our proposed algorithm . Lastly we conduct numerical studies to demonstrate efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm .,We first discuss the theoretical foundations concerning the existence of the optimal solutions and analyze the efficient convergence speed of our proposed algorithm . Lastly we conduct numerical studies to demonstrate efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm . This article proposes an innovative path finding algorithm to achieve on time arrival reliability on road networks under uncertainty with stochastic delays at signalized intersections .650649,Hydrogel dressings with good biocompatibility and the ability to maintain a moist environment at the wound site have great potential for clinical application . Multifunctional injectable self healing supramolecular hydrogel with conductivity and photo thermal property as wound dressing to promote wound healing has been not reported . Herein a series of antibacterial injectable self healing and conductive supramolecular hydrogels were fabricated through host guest interaction based on quaternized chitosan graft cyclodextrin quaternized chitosan graft adamantane and graphene oxide graft cyclodextrin polymer solutions which combined the good antibacterial activity of QCS and photo thermal property of reduced graphene oxide . These supramolecular hydrogels wound dressings have a conductivity value similar to that of the skin and a rapid self healing behavior and have great antibacterial property against,Herein a series of antibacterial injectable self healing and conductive supramolecular hydrogels were fabricated through host guest interaction based on quaternized chitosan graft cyclodextrin quaternized chitosan graft adamantane and graphene oxide graft cyclodextrin polymer solutions which combined the good antibacterial activity of QCS and photo thermal property of reduced graphene oxide . These supramolecular hydrogels wound dressings have a conductivity value similar to that of the skin and a rapid self healing behavior and have great antibacterial property against Hydrogel dressings with good biocompatibility and the ability to maintain a moist environment at the wound site have great potential for clinical application .651650,Immune checkpoint blockade strategy based on suppressing programmed death 1 programmed death ligand 1 pathway has been proved to be promising and effective in cancer immunotherapy . However its potential risk of immune related adverse events places stringent requirements on the precise loading of anti PD L1 agent in nanomedicine . Precise control of the loading content of anti PD L1 antibody is a difficult task since physical encapsulation has inevitable drawbacks like batch to bath variation and chemical modification is limited by the low stability of the antibody . Herein we proposed a molecular engineering strategy to develop the nanomedicine with precise control of anti PD L1 agent content by using anti PD L1 peptide as the substitute to anti PD L1 antibody . The APP was chemically bonded with a photosensitizer IR780 to obtain IR780 M APP a molecule able to self assemble into nanoparticles with a precise APP loading determined by the molecular structure . Specifically the IR780 moiety in IR780 M APP NPs endows the nanoparticles with photodynamic therapeutic effect as well as the ability to trigger immunogenic cell death while the APP moiety can block the PD 1 PD L1 pathway for promoting immunotherapy . The proposed photodynamic immunotherapy nanoplatform not only killed primary tumors directly but also eradicated the metastatic and invasive tumors effectively . The present molecular engineering strategy combined with anti PD L1 peptide might provide more opportunities for the design of advanced nanoplatforms for cancer therapy .,The proposed photodynamic immunotherapy nanoplatform not only killed primary tumors directly but also eradicated the metastatic and invasive tumors effectively . The present molecular engineering strategy combined with anti PD L1 peptide might provide more opportunities for the design of advanced nanoplatforms for cancer therapy . Herein we proposed a molecular engineering strategy to develop the nanomedicine with precise control of anti PD L1 agent content by using anti PD L1 peptide as the substitute to anti PD L1 antibody .652651,The low room temperature ionic conductivity narrow voltage window and poor thermal stability of solid polymer electrolyte hinder the application of high energy density safer solid state lithium batteries . Hence we developed a novel composite solid polymer electrolyte with high room temperature ionic conductivity 2.410,The low room temperature ionic conductivity narrow voltage window and poor thermal stability of solid polymer electrolyte hinder the application of high energy density safer solid state lithium batteries . Hence we developed a novel composite solid polymer electrolyte with high room temperature ionic conductivity 2.410653652,A novel technology combining liquid phase absorption catalytic ozonation and sulfur autotrophic denitrification was proposed for the treatment of pyridine waste gas . The LA process was used to quickly fix the pyridine waste gas to attain a 500mg L pyridine solution . Then catalytic ozonation was used to break the heterocyclic structure of pyridine in solution to form organic by products and NO,A novel technology combining liquid phase absorption catalytic ozonation and sulfur autotrophic denitrification was proposed for the treatment of pyridine waste gas . Then catalytic ozonation was used to break the heterocyclic structure of pyridine in solution to form organic by products and NO The LA process was used to quickly fix the pyridine waste gas to attain a 500mg L pyridine solution .654653,The energy minimization multi scale model has succeeded in describing the mesoscale structures in gassolid fluidization by introducing a stability condition to complete the model viz . the mass specific energy consumption for suspending and transporting the solids,the mass specific energy consumption for suspending and transporting the solids The energy minimization multi scale model has succeeded in describing the mesoscale structures in gassolid fluidization by introducing a stability condition to complete the model viz .655654,It is of significance to replace Pt based electrocatalyst with high activity and low price non noble metal oxygen reduction reaction electrocatalysts for large scale application of fuel cells . Herein we display a kind of coreshell hybrid composed of Fe Fe,It is of significance to replace Pt based electrocatalyst with high activity and low price non noble metal oxygen reduction reaction electrocatalysts for large scale application of fuel cells . Herein we display a kind of coreshell hybrid composed of Fe Fe656655,Coaxial mixers are efficient in mixing of highly viscous fluids . The main objective of this study was to assess the power consumption for the gas dispersion in carboxymethyl cellulose solution a power law non Newtonian fluid with a coaxial mixer consisting of an anchor impeller and two central impellers as a function of the speed ratio fluid rheology pumping direction of the central impeller and the rotation mode . This goal was achieved using both experimental and numerical approaches . A computational fluid dynamic model was developed and validated using the experimental data . Electrical resistance tomography was employed to measure the gas holdup . New equivalent impeller speed and diameter were defined and two novel correlations for the Power number and Reynolds number were proposed and successfully validated at different operating conditions . Additionally new dimensionless correlations for the ratio of the gassed to un gassed power consumption and the aerated power number as a function of the flow number Froude number and Reynolds number were developed and successfully tested for different coaxial mixing configurations .,New equivalent impeller speed and diameter were defined and two novel correlations for the Power number and Reynolds number were proposed and successfully validated at different operating conditions . A computational fluid dynamic model was developed and validated using the experimental data . The main objective of this study was to assess the power consumption for the gas dispersion in carboxymethyl cellulose solution a power law non Newtonian fluid with a coaxial mixer consisting of an anchor impeller and two central impellers as a function of the speed ratio fluid rheology pumping direction of the central impeller and the rotation mode .657656,Transformations of the molecular compositions of dissolved organic matter in incineration leachate were investigated . Results revealed that DOM in IL had a lower oxidation degree than that in mature MSW landfill leachate . Moreover aliphatic compounds having the highest bioavailability were the most abundant type of DOM in IL making IL significantly more biodegradable than LL . Under microbial actions etc . DOM composed of phenolic compounds 0.50 and H C 1.5 polyphenols and polycyclic aromatics in MBR treated effluents were enriched and more diverse than in the untreated leachates . Nanofiltration dramatically lowered the relative abundances of phenolic compounds polyphenols and polycyclic aromatics in effluent generated by treatment of IL in a MBR . Although the concentration of DOM in NF effluent was comparatively low the DOM compositions in the resulting NF concentrate were nearly identical to those in MBR effluent but were more complex than those in an international standard DOM due to a higher content of CHOS and CHONS heteroatomic compounds . Particularly coagulation in conjunction with ozone hydrogen peroxide oxidation process were dramatically reduced most polyphenols and polycyclic aromatics from the NF concentrate .,Transformations of the molecular compositions of dissolved organic matter in incineration leachate were investigated . Moreover aliphatic compounds having the highest bioavailability were the most abundant type of DOM in IL making IL significantly more biodegradable than LL . Although the concentration of DOM in NF effluent was comparatively low the DOM compositions in the resulting NF concentrate were nearly identical to those in MBR effluent but were more complex than those in an international standard DOM due to a higher content of CHOS and CHONS heteroatomic compounds .658657,Immobilizing liposomes in the hydrogel matrix network has become an effective strategy to protect liposomes against rapid clearance in the body thus facilitating their localized drug delivery in a controlled and sustained manner for a long period . However the low efficiency of drug delivery and short joint retention time seriously weaken its therapeutic efficacy . Herein an efficient delivery platform was designed to anchor liposomes by integrating them with photo crosslinkable GelMA matrix rapidly forming monodisperse,However the low efficiency of drug delivery and short joint retention time seriously weaken its therapeutic efficacy . Herein an efficient delivery platform was designed to anchor liposomes by integrating them with photo crosslinkable GelMA matrix rapidly forming monodisperse Immobilizing liposomes in the hydrogel matrix network has become an effective strategy to protect liposomes against rapid clearance in the body thus facilitating their localized drug delivery in a controlled and sustained manner for a long period .659658,The design and synthesis of high performance materials for the recovery of gold are of paramount importance to alleviate its high consumption and protect the environment . Herein three different ratios biosorbents CS MoS,The design and synthesis of high performance materials for the recovery of gold are of paramount importance to alleviate its high consumption and protect the environment . Herein three different ratios biosorbents CS MoS660659,Sulfamethoxazole and acetaminophen are classed as common Contaminants of Emerging Concern that have been detected in significant quantities in sewage treatment plants in Malaysia and other countries . Unfortunately the conventional sewage treatment plants are not effective to reduce the concentrations of these compounds . Therefore this study introduces a novel Contaminant Emerging Remover to face the pollution caused by these CECs . This COATER was formulated using epoxidized neutral rubber and poly chloride as binders besides activated carbon as an adsorbent which was coated on white cotton fabric via brushing technique . Characterization analysis of this COATER was performed using SEM EDX FTIR and BET quantifications to study the surface chemistry and to obtain insights about the adsorption mechanism . Results of surface morphology analysis showed a good distribution of activated carbon onto the substrate where the surface area and pore volume of the COATER were 64.3m,Characterization analysis of this COATER was performed using SEM EDX FTIR and BET quantifications to study the surface chemistry and to obtain insights about the adsorption mechanism . Results of surface morphology analysis showed a good distribution of activated carbon onto the substrate where the surface area and pore volume of the COATER were 64.3m Therefore this study introduces a novel Contaminant Emerging Remover to face the pollution caused by these CECs .661660,As a prominent member of two dimensional materials MXenes have shown encouraging photophysical properties and so there is highly desirability to explore their phototherapeutic potential in cancer . Herein we demonstrate a facile top down strategy for the synthesis of nitride based MXene titanium nitride quantum dots Ti,Herein we demonstrate a facile top down strategy for the synthesis of nitride based MXene titanium nitride quantum dots Ti As a prominent member of two dimensional materials MXenes have shown encouraging photophysical properties and so there is highly desirability to explore their phototherapeutic potential in cancer .662661,The performance of an air filtration system is commonly evaluated using laboratory scale studies under optimal but unrealistic experimental conditions . It is therefore important to assess the role of key variables affecting performance from a practical perspective . To this end a series of dynamic adsorption tests were carried out to evaluate the uptake behavior of gaseous benzene by a filter bed system made of a commercial activated carbon in relation to two key variables particle size range 0.212 to 5mm vs. powdered AC 0.6 to 2.36mm and space velocity flow rates 100 to 3000mLmin,The performance of an air filtration system is commonly evaluated using laboratory scale studies under optimal but unrealistic experimental conditions . It is therefore important to assess the role of key variables affecting performance from a practical perspective . To this end a series of dynamic adsorption tests were carried out to evaluate the uptake behavior of gaseous benzene by a filter bed system made of a commercial activated carbon in relation to two key variables particle size range 0.212 to 5mm vs. powdered AC 0.6 to 2.36mm and space velocity flow rates 100 to 3000mLmin663662,Oxytetracycline fermentation residue can be managed by bioprocesses to recycle organic substances . However the organic materials present are resistant to biodegradation due to protection by the OFR matrix structure and the high levels of residual oxytetracycline have unavoidably negative impacts on microorganisms in bioprocesses and result in the poor biodegradability of OFR . Hydrothermal treatment is promising for processing OFR to improve its biodegradability but there is still insufficient practical experience with HT of OFR . To explore the applicability of employing HT as a pretreatment to improve the biodegradability of OFR HT processes at temperatures varying from 90C to 180C were performed on OFR to disintegrate its matrix and inactivate the high levels of residual oxytetracycline . The results demonstrated that performing HT clearly enhanced the production of hydrophilic matter including soluble chemical oxygen demand soluble carbohydrates and soluble proteins . Nevertheless the drawbacks of HT for degrading soluble organics and mineralizing total organics were clearly observed at 180C . Efficient destruction of the OFR matrix structure was speculated based on the release of carbohydrates and proteins and was visually confirmed by photomicrographs and scanning electron microscopy graphs . The disappearance of oxytetracycline fit a pseudo first order kinetics model and the toxic intermediates of oxytetracycline including 4 epi oxytetracycline,The disappearance of oxytetracycline fit a pseudo first order kinetics model and the toxic intermediates of oxytetracycline including 4 epi oxytetracycline Efficient destruction of the OFR matrix structure was speculated based on the release of carbohydrates and proteins and was visually confirmed by photomicrographs and scanning electron microscopy graphs . Nevertheless the drawbacks of HT for degrading soluble organics and mineralizing total organics were clearly observed at 180C .664663,Photocatalysts based on copper doped bismuth oxybromide were synthesised using a solvothermal method and assessed for their ability to degrade norfloxacin under visible light . The Cu atoms were successfully doped into the crystal lattice of BiOBr yielding Cu doped BiOBr microflowers with a morphology and crystal structure identical to that of pristine BiOBr . The as prepared Cu doped BiOBr showed activity superior to BiOBr in the photocatalytic degradation of norfloxacin under visible light irradiation which was attributed to its improved light harvesting properties enhanced charge separation and interfacial charge transfer . Furthermore we found for the first time that the introduction of Cu into BiOBr enhanced the adsorption capacity between the photocatalyst and norfloxacin which we considered to be the main contribution to its improved performance . Cu doped BiOBr containing the optimal proportion of Cu and Bi had a photocatalytic degradation constant of 0.64 10,Cu doped BiOBr containing the optimal proportion of Cu and Bi had a photocatalytic degradation constant of 0.64 10 The Cu atoms were successfully doped into the crystal lattice of BiOBr yielding Cu doped BiOBr microflowers with a morphology and crystal structure identical to that of pristine BiOBr . Furthermore we found for the first time that the introduction of Cu into BiOBr enhanced the adsorption capacity between the photocatalyst and norfloxacin which we considered to be the main contribution to its improved performance .665664,One of the most urgent concerns for supported catalysts is to enhance their thermal stability against sintering upon high temperatures . In this work we decorated the rough surface of TiO,In this work we decorated the rough surface of TiO One of the most urgent concerns for supported catalysts is to enhance their thermal stability against sintering upon high temperatures .666665,The development of an economically viable solar thermochemical fuel production process relies largely on identifying redox active materials with optimized thermodynamic and kinetic properties . Iron aluminate FeAl,The development of an economically viable solar thermochemical fuel production process relies largely on identifying redox active materials with optimized thermodynamic and kinetic properties . Iron aluminate FeAl667666,Emerging nano donor and nano receptor FRET pairs are more advantageous to broad biosensing applications . However those reported FRET system generally containing a single pair can not afford multiplexed analysis . Herein bi color FRET from two nano donors to a single nano acceptor has been adopted to fabricate a simple to use aptasensor for simultaneous determination of dual targets in a single run . Aflatoxin B1 and ochratoxin A were selected as the analytes because they have synergistic effect to induce enhanced toxicity . Specially carbon dots and CdZnTe quantum dots with unambiguous separation of emission peaks were used as nano donors to label the aptamers specific for AFB1 and OTA respectively . These single stranded aptamers with labels could be stably adsorbed on a single nano acceptor MoS,Specially carbon dots and CdZnTe quantum dots with unambiguous separation of emission peaks were used as nano donors to label the aptamers specific for AFB1 and OTA respectively . Aflatoxin B1 and ochratoxin A were selected as the analytes because they have synergistic effect to induce enhanced toxicity . Emerging nano donor and nano receptor FRET pairs are more advantageous to broad biosensing applications .668667,A mechanistic and phenomenological model for multi component cation exchange has been applied in order to describe the dynamic behavior of barium removal by seaweeds in batch and fixed bed systems instead of the empirical models usually applied . Initially four macroalgae were tested as natural cation exchangers for barium removal,A mechanistic and phenomenological model for multi component cation exchange has been applied in order to describe the dynamic behavior of barium removal by seaweeds in batch and fixed bed systems instead of the empirical models usually applied . Initially four macroalgae were tested as natural cation exchangers for barium removal669668,Antimony and copper pollution pose significant threat to water quality security and their advanced treatment is still a great challenge . In this study we fabricated a hybrid adsorbent through dispersing manganese oxide inside a biochar with enlarged pore structure . The used carrier L BC possessed a high proportion of large pores and thus lowered the diffusion resistance of target pollutants in pore region of MO L BC . Consequently Sb and Cu adsorption onto MO L BC achieved equilibrium within 15min and their effective coefficients of intra particle diffusion were calculated to be 8.610,The used carrier L BC possessed a high proportion of large pores and thus lowered the diffusion resistance of target pollutants in pore region of MO L BC . In this study we fabricated a hybrid adsorbent through dispersing manganese oxide inside a biochar with enlarged pore structure . Consequently Sb and Cu adsorption onto MO L BC achieved equilibrium within 15min and their effective coefficients of intra particle diffusion were calculated to be 8.610670669,Methanol to olefins is an alternative pathway to selectively produce lower olefins on demand . Acid zeolites like ZSM 5 convert methanol to dimethyl ether and water followed by the formation of olefins as well as of paraffins and aromatics as side products . In this study butene was used as model compound for the recycle in the industrial methanol to propylene process and co fed with methanol . During these kinetic experiments both methanol and butene inlet partial pressures were varied as well as the total volumetric flow rates . Temperatures between 708 and 788K were applied as the aim of this work is to model the fundamental kinetics of the MTO chemistry at olefin co feed conditions . For the kinetic model the single event methodology is used in order to reduce the number of estimated parameters while depicting each surface reaction . Olefin interconversion as well as olefin methylation and oxygenate interconversion steps are all covered by the model . Only the formation of aromatics is described in a simplified and thus not fundamental way . Over 4000 reaction steps are modeled using only eleven estimated parameters . The resulting high numeric significance of the activation energies allows a mechanistic analysis of the different reaction pathways and an assessment of the most important propene production steps . This shows high temperatures to be advantageous for fast carbon transfer to the olefin hydrocarbon pool and subsequent cracking of mainly hexenes and heptenes to propene .,For the kinetic model the single event methodology is used in order to reduce the number of estimated parameters while depicting each surface reaction . Temperatures between 708 and 788K were applied as the aim of this work is to model the fundamental kinetics of the MTO chemistry at olefin co feed conditions . Only the formation of aromatics is described in a simplified and thus not fundamental way .671670,In this work a novel spherical covalent organic frameworks was developed via a simple and facile room temperature solution route . Via in situ growth of Pt nanoparticles on the surface of COFs,Via in situ growth of Pt nanoparticles on the surface of COFs In this work a novel spherical covalent organic frameworks was developed via a simple and facile room temperature solution route .672671,Features of rapid loss and inadequate bone mass of alveolar bone after teeth extraction are still great obstacles for a successful subsequential dental implantation . MicroRNA based therapy though an advantageous strategy in tissue regeneration is still not available for alveolar bone due to the unique complicated oral environment which is full of enzymes and electrolytes . In this paper a microRNA activated scaffold constituted of microRNA 21 nanoparticles combined with porous Bio Oss particles was designed for the use of accelerating the early stage healing of the alveolar bone . It was noteworthy that the regeneration of alveolar bone was rapidly promoted to be shortened from the ordinary 3months to 2weeks . The nanoparticles designed by us according to the oral environment could protect microRNA from various enzymes and electrolytes attack leading to a steady continuous and efficient delivery of gene . With the aid of porous Bio Oss microRNA 21 released,In this paper a microRNA activated scaffold constituted of microRNA 21 nanoparticles combined with porous Bio Oss particles was designed for the use of accelerating the early stage healing of the alveolar bone . With the aid of porous Bio Oss microRNA 21 released The nanoparticles designed by us according to the oral environment could protect microRNA from various enzymes and electrolytes attack leading to a steady continuous and efficient delivery of gene .673672,In this work we first thoroughly probed the structure activity relationship between the wrinkled degree of microsphere and the microwave absorption performance . Wrinkled carbon microspheres were fabricated through soap free living controlled radical emulsion polymerization and interfacial initiated emulsion polymerization followed by a carbonization process . Tuning the polymerization reaction time carbon microspheres with different wrinkled degree were obtained . The results confirmed that the wrinkled degree had a significant impact on the absorption performance . As the polymerization time and absorber loading were 8h and 50 the wrinkled carbon microspheres showed superior application performance . The reflection loss was 49.45dB with a thickness of 1.9mm and the effective absorption bandwidth was 4.75GHz . The maximum effective absorption bandwidth could reach 4.84GHz . Designing rationally the surface microstructure of materials was extremely critical . It provided a new strategy for the improvement of the fixed absorbing materials on microwave absorption performance .,In this work we first thoroughly probed the structure activity relationship between the wrinkled degree of microsphere and the microwave absorption performance . The reflection loss was 49.45dB with a thickness of 1.9mm and the effective absorption bandwidth was 4.75GHz . It provided a new strategy for the improvement of the fixed absorbing materials on microwave absorption performance .674673,Oxygen as an economic and ubiquitous oxidant plays a significant role in catalysis environmental remediation . However the high thermodynamic stability of O,However the high thermodynamic stability of O Oxygen as an economic and ubiquitous oxidant plays a significant role in catalysis environmental remediation .675674,With increasing demand for wearable electronics highly sensitive and flexible piezoresistive sensors have received increasing attention . As an important component structural materials with high compressibility and electrical conductivity are a powerful impetus for the development of PRS . Since the structural deformation occurred during high temperature carbonization makes many three dimensional porous structures made from low cost biomass unsuitable for fabricating flexible PRS we propose a convenient carbonization free route to prepare PRS devices based on natural plant fibers . By developing and using a water based conductive ink the surface modification and assembly of plant fibers can be integrated into a one pot foaming process to generate ink modified plant fiber sponges,As an important component structural materials with high compressibility and electrical conductivity are a powerful impetus for the development of PRS . With increasing demand for wearable electronics highly sensitive and flexible piezoresistive sensors have received increasing attention . Since the structural deformation occurred during high temperature carbonization makes many three dimensional porous structures made from low cost biomass unsuitable for fabricating flexible PRS we propose a convenient carbonization free route to prepare PRS devices based on natural plant fibers .676675,Hydrothermal liquefaction of biomass especially that of high moisture such as microalgae macroalgae sludge manure and food waste for the production of bio oil has been widely concerned worldwide . However the contents of nitrogen in these biomasses are commonly high and 2040 of the N in the raw biomasses would distribute into bio oil during the HTL process resulting in a high content of N in bio oil sometimes up to 10wt . The combustion of N rich bio oil will probably induce massive emission of nitrogen oxides . The transformation behavior of N has not yet been fully understood and the denitrogenation is a critical issue during bio oil production and upgrading . This review comprehensively summarized the effects of the type composition and pretreatment of biomass and HTL processing parameters such as temperature residence time solid loading reaction solvent extraction solvent procedure and catalyst on the N content of bio oil . The N conversion mechanisms in the HTL process were also clarified . Research gaps were identified and future research directions were finally proposed to achieve the production of bio oil with low N content .,Research gaps were identified and future research directions were finally proposed to achieve the production of bio oil with low N content . The combustion of N rich bio oil will probably induce massive emission of nitrogen oxides . However the contents of nitrogen in these biomasses are commonly high and 2040 of the N in the raw biomasses would distribute into bio oil during the HTL process resulting in a high content of N in bio oil sometimes up to 10wt .677676,Boosting the energy density of supercapacitors without sacrificing power density and lifespan requires ingenious electrode materials outfitting both sufficient assessable surface area and fast electrochemical reaction kinetics . Herein hierarchically porous core sheath nanoarchitecture was elaborately designed via a robust support coating strategy using a cellulose derived porous carbon aerogel as the conductive 3D skeleton to support a uniform coating of conjugated polyimide . The inner carbon aerogel skeleton ensures a fast electron transfer and the outer conjugated polyimide layer affords abundant micropores and sufficient active sites hence enriching the charge storage in such a porous core sheath nanoarchitecture . The as designed electrode was then applied to a redox electrolyte assisted supercapacitor with the KI doped H,The as designed electrode was then applied to a redox electrolyte assisted supercapacitor with the KI doped H Boosting the energy density of supercapacitors without sacrificing power density and lifespan requires ingenious electrode materials outfitting both sufficient assessable surface area and fast electrochemical reaction kinetics . The inner carbon aerogel skeleton ensures a fast electron transfer and the outer conjugated polyimide layer affords abundant micropores and sufficient active sites hence enriching the charge storage in such a porous core sheath nanoarchitecture .678677,Fischer Tropsch synthesis may be a solution for converting volatile renewable energies into storable liquid fuel . Microstructured reactors have been proven to cope with varying operation conditions and are able to adapt to fluctuations in this circumstance . In this regard a suitable kinetic model for chemical synthesis is essential for the prediction of reactor and catalyst behavior . The assessment and description of the reactor and plant response during dynamic operation must also be considered to develop a control system for varying operating conditions . In this work a time resolved model for the description of relevant processes inside a pilot scale microstructured Fischer Tropsch reactor and the associated test rig including the product condensation stages is presented . A residence time distribution model describes flow and mixing behavior for all system components . Time and temperature dependent product concentration in the product traps is determined by vaporliquid equilibrium calculation . Phase equilibria models with ideal and real phase behavior assumptions are compared . A micro kinetic model was adapted with good agreement to a variety of experimental data . When coupled the overall model is able to predict time resolved product characteristics based on process conditions and feed only . This mathematical description may be of use for decentralized plants in the future .,In this regard a suitable kinetic model for chemical synthesis is essential for the prediction of reactor and catalyst behavior . When coupled the overall model is able to predict time resolved product characteristics based on process conditions and feed only . A micro kinetic model was adapted with good agreement to a variety of experimental data .679678,Solar driven nitrogen fixation is a potential solution to satisfying industrial and agricultural demand but is severely hampered by the difficulties in capturing activating and cleaving the dinitrogen N,Solar driven nitrogen fixation is a potential solution to satisfying industrial and agricultural demand but is severely hampered by the difficulties in capturing activating and cleaving the dinitrogen N680679,Flexible wire shaped energy storage devices grab tremendous attention due to the emergence of wearable and portable electronics markets . Herein the design principles and device performance of the lithium ion capacitor in core shell wire topology are described . The wire shaped lithium ion capacitor assembly consists of multi walled carbon nanotubes coated carbon fibers core electrode polymer electrolytes lithium titanium oxide composite outer electrode helically wrapped current collectors and protective outer covering . This 2.7V device exhibits a maximum energy density of 1.85 mWh cm,Herein the design principles and device performance of the lithium ion capacitor in core shell wire topology are described . Flexible wire shaped energy storage devices grab tremendous attention due to the emergence of wearable and portable electronics markets . This 2.7V device exhibits a maximum energy density of 1.85 mWh cm681680,Pollutants being discharged into water body from unknown sources are one of the major threats to environmental sustainability and human health . Herein a plasmid DNA based tracing system for multiplexed detection of potential hydrological processes of pollutants is developed . pDNA is incorporated with magnetic nanoparticles and then the pDNA MNPs nanocomposites are encapsulated inside polylactic acid microspheres as pDNA tracers . pDNA produced in large quantities by engineering bacteria,Herein a plasmid DNA based tracing system for multiplexed detection of potential hydrological processes of pollutants is developed . Pollutants being discharged into water body from unknown sources are one of the major threats to environmental sustainability and human health . pDNA produced in large quantities by engineering bacteria682681,The polysulfone based ultrafiltration membranes were synthesized by the phase inversion method with the varying ratios of composites for the efficient removal of heavy metal ions from their contaminated solutions . The membranes were characterized in terms of porosity permeability average pore size contact angle zeta potential flux regeneration and mechanical strength . The surface morphology of the membranes were analyzed by the field emission scanning electron microscope . The fluxes of the membranes were tested at the different transmembrane pressures of 1.53.5kgcm,The membranes were characterized in terms of porosity permeability average pore size contact angle zeta potential flux regeneration and mechanical strength . The polysulfone based ultrafiltration membranes were synthesized by the phase inversion method with the varying ratios of composites for the efficient removal of heavy metal ions from their contaminated solutions . The fluxes of the membranes were tested at the different transmembrane pressures of 1.53.5kgcm683682,Exploring the low cost and high efficient electrocatalysts with Pt like activity for alkaline hydrogen evolution through water splitting is imperative yet challenging . Herein a simple synthesis combined with electrodeposition and facile electro oxidation is developed to construct the hollow dendritic self supported electrode . X ray photoelectron spectroscopy X ray absorption fine structure and electron paramagnetic resonance reveal that the surface of HDSE contains the abundant NiO which is further decorated by fluorine doped and oxygen vacancies after electro oxidation process . The resultant HDSE achieves an excellent electrocatalytic performance for hydrogen evolution reaction in alkaline condition leading to the extremely low overpotential of 13mV to drive a current density of 10mAcm,The resultant HDSE achieves an excellent electrocatalytic performance for hydrogen evolution reaction in alkaline condition leading to the extremely low overpotential of 13mV to drive a current density of 10mAcm Herein a simple synthesis combined with electrodeposition and facile electro oxidation is developed to construct the hollow dendritic self supported electrode . Exploring the low cost and high efficient electrocatalysts with Pt like activity for alkaline hydrogen evolution through water splitting is imperative yet challenging .684683,An economical biochar supported iron copper bimetallic composite was successfully prepared and used to remove tetracycline from water . The experiment results expressed that BC FeCu exhibited higher removal than FeCu under the same condition . Moreover the TC removal by BC FeCu constantly increased with the pH value from 4.50 to 9.03 . Desorption experiments showed that adsorption and degradation accounted for 26.09 and 73.91 of the total TC removal by BC FeCu respectively . N,The experiment results expressed that BC FeCu exhibited higher removal than FeCu under the same condition . Desorption experiments showed that adsorption and degradation accounted for 26.09 and 73.91 of the total TC removal by BC FeCu respectively . Moreover the TC removal by BC FeCu constantly increased with the pH value from 4.50 to 9.03 .685684,This study explored the removal of total organic carbon from the highly polluted pulp and paper industry black liquor effluents by utilizing the mesoporous tenorite nanomaterials prepared by ultrasonic irradiation . The catalyst prepared was fully characterized in terms of chemical structural microstructural and surface characteristics . The optimization of the TOC removal was performed using the Taguchi methodology and by manipulating the operational parameters such as reaction time initial pH temperature sonication time the dosage of NMs as well as the effect of solar irradiation on the activation of tenorite NMs 3035nm and BET surface area 35m,This study explored the removal of total organic carbon from the highly polluted pulp and paper industry black liquor effluents by utilizing the mesoporous tenorite nanomaterials prepared by ultrasonic irradiation . The catalyst prepared was fully characterized in terms of chemical structural microstructural and surface characteristics . The optimization of the TOC removal was performed using the Taguchi methodology and by manipulating the operational parameters such as reaction time initial pH temperature sonication time the dosage of NMs as well as the effect of solar irradiation on the activation of tenorite NMs 3035nm and BET surface area 35m686685,Over the past extensive works executed to treat anionic and cationic heavy metal ions from wastewater . Although very few adsorbents were developed to adsorb anionic and cationic heavy metal ions from the same system . In this study we explored the pH tunable complete reduction plus adsorption mechanism of Pb,In this study we explored the pH tunable complete reduction plus adsorption mechanism of Pb Although very few adsorbents were developed to adsorb anionic and cationic heavy metal ions from the same system . Over the past extensive works executed to treat anionic and cationic heavy metal ions from wastewater .687686,Recently lithiumsulfur batteries have been demonstrated as promising next generation energy storage devices . However their practical application is hindered by poor cycling performance and rate capability . In this study we prepared a multifunctional interlayer composed of SnO,In this study we prepared a multifunctional interlayer composed of SnO However their practical application is hindered by poor cycling performance and rate capability . Recently lithiumsulfur batteries have been demonstrated as promising next generation energy storage devices .688687,The goal of this study was to determine oxidation kinetics for biochar produced from fast pyrolysis of various biomass feedstocks . In particular the role of inherent ash content on the oxidation rate was evaluated . Thermogravimetric analysis and fluidized bed combustion experiments were used to explore oxidation kinetics of six fast pyrolysis produced biochars with diverse ash content . Reaction rates varied by a factor of three under chemical kinetic limited conditions demonstrating inorganic content impacts oxidation rate . Chemical kinetic rate coefficients were proposed as a function of compositional parameters to determine overall fit and impact . Potassium content was found to have a positive correlation best describing the differences in the oxidation kinetic rate coefficients . Additionally feedstocks were subjected to a 1M HCl acid wash mitigating the catalytic activity of the metals . Acid washed biochars had lower oxidation kinetic rates compared to their unwashed counterparts indicating the removal of catalytically active metals reduced oxidation rate . Gas composition CO CO,In particular the role of inherent ash content on the oxidation rate was evaluated . Chemical kinetic rate coefficients were proposed as a function of compositional parameters to determine overall fit and impact . Additionally feedstocks were subjected to a 1M HCl acid wash mitigating the catalytic activity of the metals .689688,Host development is crucial and challenging for thermally activated delayed fluorescence organic light emitting diodes which requires accurate modulation of host dopant energy transfer and host dopant dopant quenching . Here we demonstrate that phosphine oxide groups can be used to simultaneously facilitate carrier transport positive energy transfer and quenching suppression . Two diphenylphosphine oxide groups at carbazole and N phenyl of 3 6 di,Two diphenylphosphine oxide groups at carbazole and N phenyl of 3 6 di Here we demonstrate that phosphine oxide groups can be used to simultaneously facilitate carrier transport positive energy transfer and quenching suppression . Host development is crucial and challenging for thermally activated delayed fluorescence organic light emitting diodes which requires accurate modulation of host dopant energy transfer and host dopant dopant quenching .690689,The performance and possible mechanisms of iodinated contrast medium diatrizoate removal by sulfide modified nano sized zero valent iron without the presence of oxygen were investigated in this study . It was shown that the degradation efficiency of 30M DTA was observably enhanced by 2g L,The performance and possible mechanisms of iodinated contrast medium diatrizoate removal by sulfide modified nano sized zero valent iron without the presence of oxygen were investigated in this study . It was shown that the degradation efficiency of 30M DTA was observably enhanced by 2g L691690,Monolithic macroporous hydrogels was prepared from oil in water high internal phase emulsions and heparinized using polydopamine and polyethyleneimine as mediators and then used as a support of affinity chromatography to purify Enterovirus 71 from culture supernatant . Our innovative strategy was characterized by two remits . Interconnected macropores and high porosity of hydrophilic hydrogels ensured an excellent permeability 6.9510,Interconnected macropores and high porosity of hydrophilic hydrogels ensured an excellent permeability 6.9510 Our innovative strategy was characterized by two remits . Monolithic macroporous hydrogels was prepared from oil in water high internal phase emulsions and heparinized using polydopamine and polyethyleneimine as mediators and then used as a support of affinity chromatography to purify Enterovirus 71 from culture supernatant .692691,Despite the development of advanced photocatalysts the practical application of photocatalytic water disinfection is still under restrictions due to the low reusability of powder photocatalysts . In this paper we synthesized the binary composite heterojunction photocatalyst MoS,In this paper we synthesized the binary composite heterojunction photocatalyst MoS Despite the development of advanced photocatalysts the practical application of photocatalytic water disinfection is still under restrictions due to the low reusability of powder photocatalysts .693692,The significant role of some natural enzymes in tumor therapy is recently widely explored due to their catalyzing specific endogenous substrates in tumor part . However the catalytic activity of these natural enzymes differs in various and complex tumor microenvironment which eventually is difficult to be guaranteed . To address this issue a new wonton like,However the catalytic activity of these natural enzymes differs in various and complex tumor microenvironment which eventually is difficult to be guaranteed . The significant role of some natural enzymes in tumor therapy is recently widely explored due to their catalyzing specific endogenous substrates in tumor part . To address this issue a new wonton like694693,In this work an ultra sensitive amyloid beta oligomer sensor is presented in the detection range at atomolar level . A hierarchical gold dendrite was electrochemically prepared on a gold substrate . Poly was electrodeposited on AuD to maintain the outstanding electrochemical properties such as high conductivity and large surface area . After immobilization of the cellular prion protein PrP,After immobilization of the cellular prion protein PrP In this work an ultra sensitive amyloid beta oligomer sensor is presented in the detection range at atomolar level . Poly was electrodeposited on AuD to maintain the outstanding electrochemical properties such as high conductivity and large surface area .695694,As the most thermodynamical and chemical stable allotrope of phosphorus black phosphorus has recently generated huge research interest due to its high carrier mobility semi conductive property and an intrinsically tunable bandgap . BP has shown potential application in flame retardant polymer nanocomposites as emerging nanofiller . However the utilization of BP in polymer nanocompsoites still remains a huge challenge as it is prone to oxidation in water under air condition and pristine BP shows limited flame retardancy efficiency . In order to solve these issues herein triazine based organic framework was grown onto the surface of two dimensional BP by in situ polymerization resulting in the formation of organic inorganic hybrids which were subsequently incorporated into epoxy resin to fabricate the final nanocomposites . With increasing the loading of BP NH TOF in EP nanocomposites the corresponding PHRR THR TSR and SPR values were reduced remarkably . For example the addition of 2wt BP NH TOF results in a maximum decrease in PHRR and THR along with the dramatically improved LOI and UL 94 performance in addition to the obvious reduction of the amount of toxic carbon monoxide and flammable volatile products . Meanwhile the mechanical properties of EP BP NH TOF nanocomposites are enhanced significantly e.g . 67.1 improvement in storage modulus at 1wt of BP NH TOF loading along with the improved glass transition temperature . The outstanding fire safety and mechanical properties of EP nanocomposites are attributed to the synergistic action of BP NH TOF hybrids . This work provides a facile method to prepared functionlized BP with the application in high performance flame retardant polymer nanocomposites .,For example the addition of 2wt BP NH TOF results in a maximum decrease in PHRR and THR along with the dramatically improved LOI and UL 94 performance in addition to the obvious reduction of the amount of toxic carbon monoxide and flammable volatile products . This work provides a facile method to prepared functionlized BP with the application in high performance flame retardant polymer nanocomposites . With increasing the loading of BP NH TOF in EP nanocomposites the corresponding PHRR THR TSR and SPR values were reduced remarkably .696695,Partial nitritation and anammox is the most appropriate process for nitrogen removal from blackwater . However information on control strategies of PN of blackwater is scarce . In this study we selected aerobic duration control with pH and d,In this study we selected aerobic duration control with pH and d Partial nitritation and anammox is the most appropriate process for nitrogen removal from blackwater . However information on control strategies of PN of blackwater is scarce .697696,The electron mediator is a feasible tool to promote electron hole separation and transfer in Z scheme photocatalysts offering a promising opportunity to enhance the redox capacity . Pd mediated Z scheme Bi,The electron mediator is a feasible tool to promote electron hole separation and transfer in Z scheme photocatalysts offering a promising opportunity to enhance the redox capacity . Pd mediated Z scheme Bi698697,Polymer electrolyte is favored in battery research because of its good flexibility light weight and preferable interfacial contact . However the development of which is hindered by the low ionic conductivity at room temperature . Herein a flexible PPEGMA based gel polymer electrolyte was prepared via in situ thermal cured technique plasticized by nonflammable triethyl phosphate and supported by glass fiber . The optimized flame retardant electrolyte PGT32 5 exhibits a high ionic conductivity 0.91 mS cm,The optimized flame retardant electrolyte PGT32 5 exhibits a high ionic conductivity 0.91 mS cm However the development of which is hindered by the low ionic conductivity at room temperature . Herein a flexible PPEGMA based gel polymer electrolyte was prepared via in situ thermal cured technique plasticized by nonflammable triethyl phosphate and supported by glass fiber .699698,To tailor the electronic behavior of catalytically active species in heterogeneous catalysts is beneficial for regulating their catalytic performance in various reaction including hydrogen generation . Herein we rationally synthesize a series of antenna reactor type catalysts with the combination of plasmonic Cu spheres with catalytically active Co or Ni nanoparticles which are used for hydrogen generation from aqueous ammonia borane NH,To tailor the electronic behavior of catalytically active species in heterogeneous catalysts is beneficial for regulating their catalytic performance in various reaction including hydrogen generation . Herein we rationally synthesize a series of antenna reactor type catalysts with the combination of plasmonic Cu spheres with catalytically active Co or Ni nanoparticles which are used for hydrogen generation from aqueous ammonia borane NH700699,The effectively decontamination for atmosphere VOCs is getting more important whereas it is general facing the issues such as technical difficulties and high energy consumption . In this work a Z scheme Ag Ag,In this work a Z scheme Ag Ag The effectively decontamination for atmosphere VOCs is getting more important whereas it is general facing the issues such as technical difficulties and high energy consumption .701700,In this work electron withdrawing groups functionalized few layer graphitic carbon nitride nanosheet was prepared and utilized for photocatalytic activation of peroxymonosulfate . Experimental characterization and density functional theory calculation reveals that the electronic structure of FCN 12 is efficiently adjusted by forming an upward band bending as the functionalized carbonyl and carboxyl groups can withdraw the electron from the C N C skeleton . With the addition of PMS FCN 12 displays superb photocatalytic activity for chlortetracycline hydrochloride degradation where 83.4 CTC can be degraded within 120min under visible light irradiation much higher than that of bulk g C,Experimental characterization and density functional theory calculation reveals that the electronic structure of FCN 12 is efficiently adjusted by forming an upward band bending as the functionalized carbonyl and carboxyl groups can withdraw the electron from the C N C skeleton . With the addition of PMS FCN 12 displays superb photocatalytic activity for chlortetracycline hydrochloride degradation where 83.4 CTC can be degraded within 120min under visible light irradiation much higher than that of bulk g C In this work electron withdrawing groups functionalized few layer graphitic carbon nitride nanosheet was prepared and utilized for photocatalytic activation of peroxymonosulfate .702701,The huge energy release and highly adjustable combustion characteristics of nanoporous silicon make it one of the most attractive inorganic energetic materials . However nPS will be oxidized slowly from its surface when it is left in ambient air to be aged . Explanations vary as to the aging mechanism and the corresponding anti ageing strategy remains to be fully investigated . The present study provides an efficient strategy of a thermal induced hydrosilylation to improve the long term chemical stability of H terminated nPS . The nPS of 75m in depth was etched with a pore diameter of 52.5nm and a gravimetry determined porosity of 79.6 . The DSC and FTIR data confirm that oxygen is able to infiltrate the H terminated layer and preferentially attack the weak Si Si over Si H bonds . The prime oxidizer is not sodium perchlorate but oxygen from the air to cause a backbond oxidation . After a modification the heat of reaction is determined to be 1436Jg,The nPS of 75m in depth was etched with a pore diameter of 52.5nm and a gravimetry determined porosity of 79.6 . The present study provides an efficient strategy of a thermal induced hydrosilylation to improve the long term chemical stability of H terminated nPS . After a modification the heat of reaction is determined to be 1436Jg703702,It is extremely challenging to achieve a high volumetric energydensity lithium sulfur batteries for sulfur carbon cathodes due to their low volumetric density and many invalid pores .,It is extremely challenging to achieve a high volumetric energydensity lithium sulfur batteries for sulfur carbon cathodes due to their low volumetric density and many invalid pores .704703,Chlorobenzene is a typical chlorinated volatile organic compound and the degradation of chlorobenzene frequently produces high toxic byproducts such as dioxins in the treatment process . To prevent this complete oxidation of chlorobenzene into harmless CO,To prevent this complete oxidation of chlorobenzene into harmless CO Chlorobenzene is a typical chlorinated volatile organic compound and the degradation of chlorobenzene frequently produces high toxic byproducts such as dioxins in the treatment process .705704,Nowadays new technologies are being developed to substitute conventional energy resources . Biogas has emerged to avoid the intensification of global warming and promote waste valorization . However undesirable chemicals must be removed prior to its utilization . Siloxanes stand out as biogas contaminants since they can damage process equipments . Therefore in this work COSMO based Aspen Plus computational methodology was applied to evaluate as first time ionic liquids as siloxanes absorbents on biogas upgrading context . Thus molecular simulation using COSMO RS method was used to analyze the interactions between siloxanes ILs based on excess properties . Moreover it was used to select the most promising ILs among a wide sample 9,Thus molecular simulation using COSMO RS method was used to analyze the interactions between siloxanes ILs based on excess properties . Moreover it was used to select the most promising ILs among a wide sample 9 Biogas has emerged to avoid the intensification of global warming and promote waste valorization .706705,lithium sulfur batteries have been regarded as one of the most promising systems for next generation rechargeable batteries owing to their high energy density and low cost . However the Shuttle effect of polysulfides and low sulfur utilization upon cycling are still hindering their practical applications . Herein we report a series of marine organism like hollow nanoarchitecture consisting of nitrogen doped 1D carbon nanotubes which were derived from binary Fe Ce Prussian blue analogs and melamine . This nitrogen doped 3D hollow scaffold offers large inner space,However the Shuttle effect of polysulfides and low sulfur utilization upon cycling are still hindering their practical applications . Herein we report a series of marine organism like hollow nanoarchitecture consisting of nitrogen doped 1D carbon nanotubes which were derived from binary Fe Ce Prussian blue analogs and melamine . This nitrogen doped 3D hollow scaffold offers large inner space707706,While nanotechnology assisted cocktail therapy has emerged many advantages in anti cancer treatment significant challenges remain as regards efficiently and simultaneously loading two or more drugs with completely different physicochemical properties . The emergence of supramolecule offers an unprecedented opportunity to overcome this pharmaceutical bottleneck . Herein an engineered Janus cyclopeptide was designed to self assemble with hydrophilic miR 30C and hydrophobic carnosic acid into a supramolecular nanosphere 100nm in diameter termed iNanosphere that possessed excellent dimensional stability and satisfactory resistance against nuclease and peptidase . Moreover iNanosphere showed an integrin mediated cellular uptake followed by GSH triggered disassemble and release payloads . As expected iNanosphere,The emergence of supramolecule offers an unprecedented opportunity to overcome this pharmaceutical bottleneck . Moreover iNanosphere showed an integrin mediated cellular uptake followed by GSH triggered disassemble and release payloads . Herein an engineered Janus cyclopeptide was designed to self assemble with hydrophilic miR 30C and hydrophobic carnosic acid into a supramolecular nanosphere 100nm in diameter termed iNanosphere that possessed excellent dimensional stability and satisfactory resistance against nuclease and peptidase .708707,The family of perovskite oxides is a promising class of catalysts for diverse energy conversion processes including water splitting . In this work a facile two step manipulation strategy was proposed and applied to LaCo,In this work a facile two step manipulation strategy was proposed and applied to LaCo The family of perovskite oxides is a promising class of catalysts for diverse energy conversion processes including water splitting .709708,Operation of supercapacitors at sub zero temperatures with reasonable performance is of great importance for their outdoor applications . Herein the sub zero performance of supercapacitors assembled from nitrogen doped porous carbon electrodes with interconnected tubular structure using ionic liquid as electrolyte is reported . The carbon based electrode materials are synthesized by pyrolysis of poly networks in the presence of titanate nanotubes and potassium nitrate followed by removal of titanate nanotubes . Benefiting from the interconnected hierarchically porous structure and large surface area the synthesized electrode materials exhibits a gravimetric capacitance of 333Fg,Benefiting from the interconnected hierarchically porous structure and large surface area the synthesized electrode materials exhibits a gravimetric capacitance of 333Fg The carbon based electrode materials are synthesized by pyrolysis of poly networks in the presence of titanate nanotubes and potassium nitrate followed by removal of titanate nanotubes . Operation of supercapacitors at sub zero temperatures with reasonable performance is of great importance for their outdoor applications .710709,Preparations of catalysts for sulfate radicals based advanced oxidation are usually time consuming and costly . This study developed a short cut method for preparation of AOPs catalyst directly from electrolytic manganese slag . MS N3H PMS could effectively remove levofloxacin from solution . Phase transformation and active sites exposure after modifications facilitated the adsorption and catalysis capacities . Both radical and non radical pathway contributed to the degradation of LVF in which abundant Mn and Fe on MS N3H surface contributed to the generation of SO,Phase transformation and active sites exposure after modifications facilitated the adsorption and catalysis capacities . This study developed a short cut method for preparation of AOPs catalyst directly from electrolytic manganese slag . Both radical and non radical pathway contributed to the degradation of LVF in which abundant Mn and Fe on MS N3H surface contributed to the generation of SO711710,Silicon is extensively researched as an substitute for carbon as the anode material in Li ion batteries . However the cycle life of Si is very short because of its high volume expansion . Herein we propose SiN,Silicon is extensively researched as an substitute for carbon as the anode material in Li ion batteries . However the cycle life of Si is very short because of its high volume expansion . Herein we propose SiN712711,Multi functional materials were synthesized by on chain modification of dimethyl methylvinylsiloxane copolymers with mercaptopropionic acid and Disperse Red 1 . After cross linking transparent free standing films were obtained showing at the same time light responsive and electromechanical properties . Different characterization tools such as DSC dielectric broadband spectroscopy dynamic contact angle and indentation were applied to investigate the impact of polymer functionalities on the intrinsic material properties . The molecular grafting of DR1 enhanced the dielectric permittivity by 63 compared with the starting vinyl silicones while high breakdown strength of 84V m was achieved . The films exhibited actuation on three different mechanisms electrical piezoelectric and photo induced . Through the use of specific analyzing techniques direct evidence of these features was brought in each case . The lateral actuation strain reached 8.7 at 40V m as a consequence of increased dielectric permittivity . The piezoelectric coefficient d,The molecular grafting of DR1 enhanced the dielectric permittivity by 63 compared with the starting vinyl silicones while high breakdown strength of 84V m was achieved . The films exhibited actuation on three different mechanisms electrical piezoelectric and photo induced . Multi functional materials were synthesized by on chain modification of dimethyl methylvinylsiloxane copolymers with mercaptopropionic acid and Disperse Red 1 .713712,Rational design of efficient bifunctional air cathodes towards oxygen evolution reduction reaction is of central importance for energy efficient metal air batteries but remains an ongoing challenge . Here N element doped NiSe,Rational design of efficient bifunctional air cathodes towards oxygen evolution reduction reaction is of central importance for energy efficient metal air batteries but remains an ongoing challenge . Here N element doped NiSe714713,In this study N doped bamboo like carbon nanotubes encapsulated with Fe nanoparticles on the surface of soybean dregs derived biochar,In this study N doped bamboo like carbon nanotubes encapsulated with Fe nanoparticles on the surface of soybean dregs derived biochar715714,High capacity silicon anode materials have attracted significant attention for application in lithium ion batteries even though the drastic volumetric changes of the silicon materials result in rapid capacity degradation . Here an Si embedded silicon oxycarbide was synthesized using a selective assembly based method . We utilized cetrimonium bromide a cationic surfactant to facilitate interfacial interactions between Si nanoparticles and silicone oil using the hydrophobic property of the CTAB tail groups . The synthesis method includes a simple pyrolysis process at 900C followed by the surface modification of Si nanoparticles with the CTAB surfactant to obtain a SiOC matrix with homogeneously embedded Si particles . The final composite exhibits improved electrochemical properties as a LIB anode material and displays a stable cycle life 1312 mAhg,We utilized cetrimonium bromide a cationic surfactant to facilitate interfacial interactions between Si nanoparticles and silicone oil using the hydrophobic property of the CTAB tail groups . The synthesis method includes a simple pyrolysis process at 900C followed by the surface modification of Si nanoparticles with the CTAB surfactant to obtain a SiOC matrix with homogeneously embedded Si particles . Here an Si embedded silicon oxycarbide was synthesized using a selective assembly based method .716715,Herein in order to promote the scaled up manufacturing of efficient nanostructured electrocatalysts we pioneer a novel ultrafast wet chemistry engineering to turn bulk Co Ni foam into S activated hydroxide based nanosheets with short period less than six minutes . The uniform nanosheets morphology is in situ formed through designed nitro hydrochloric acid enhanced corrosion within 30s then the nanosheets are naturally oxidized to CoOOH Ni,The uniform nanosheets morphology is in situ formed through designed nitro hydrochloric acid enhanced corrosion within 30s then the nanosheets are naturally oxidized to CoOOH Ni Herein in order to promote the scaled up manufacturing of efficient nanostructured electrocatalysts we pioneer a novel ultrafast wet chemistry engineering to turn bulk Co Ni foam into S activated hydroxide based nanosheets with short period less than six minutes .717716,Over the past decades energy densities have always been considered as the key factors for realizing compact and highly efficient dielectric polymer capacitors . However high energy density polymer dielectrics are limited by insurmountable drawbacks of high energy loss and low charge discharge efficiency which are far behind the industrial requirement for application under high temperature voltage working conditions . Herein a versatile method to suppress the energy loss of polymer dielectrics is presented whereby two dimensional montmorillonite nanosheets are interposed at the interfaces of a sandwich structured barium titanate polyamideimide film . The anisotropic electrical conductivity of the nanosheets provides paths to relationally regulate the charges transport along the in plane direction while suppressing the through plane conduction . As a result nearly 50 of the energy loss can be eliminated with an applied electric field of 400MVm,Herein a versatile method to suppress the energy loss of polymer dielectrics is presented whereby two dimensional montmorillonite nanosheets are interposed at the interfaces of a sandwich structured barium titanate polyamideimide film . The anisotropic electrical conductivity of the nanosheets provides paths to relationally regulate the charges transport along the in plane direction while suppressing the through plane conduction . As a result nearly 50 of the energy loss can be eliminated with an applied electric field of 400MVm718717,It s acknowledged that the inferior toughness of bismaleimide resin is the crucial problem hindering its development and application especially in aerospace mechanical and electronic fields . While the poor fire safety of toughened BMI is another problem urgently needed to be resolved . Therefore a novel g C,It s acknowledged that the inferior toughness of bismaleimide resin is the crucial problem hindering its development and application especially in aerospace mechanical and electronic fields . While the poor fire safety of toughened BMI is another problem urgently needed to be resolved . Therefore a novel g C719718,The preparation of large aspect ratio nanofillers is challenging due to the complicated and expensive artificial processing procedures and low yields obstructing scale up production of 1D nanofillers polymer dielectric nanocomposites . In this paper a kind of natural sepiolite nanofiber was utilized to fabricate scale up of PVDF based dielectric nanocomposites . The sepiolite nanofibers were modified by aminopropyltriethoxysilane denoted as,In this paper a kind of natural sepiolite nanofiber was utilized to fabricate scale up of PVDF based dielectric nanocomposites . The preparation of large aspect ratio nanofillers is challenging due to the complicated and expensive artificial processing procedures and low yields obstructing scale up production of 1D nanofillers polymer dielectric nanocomposites . The sepiolite nanofibers were modified by aminopropyltriethoxysilane denoted as720719,Outdoor sports or combat missions such as jungle adventures or counter piracy operations often involve bleeding and infected wounds . Due to the poor and limited medical conditions in these outdoor situations patients prefer an easy way to simultaneously treat blood loss and wound infection by using the same outdoor device and the same material . In this study a portable electrospinning device for outdoor use was developed and CuS composite nanofibers could be green synthesized by this portable electrospinning device . These CuS composite nanofibers can be deposited,In this study a portable electrospinning device for outdoor use was developed and CuS composite nanofibers could be green synthesized by this portable electrospinning device . Due to the poor and limited medical conditions in these outdoor situations patients prefer an easy way to simultaneously treat blood loss and wound infection by using the same outdoor device and the same material . These CuS composite nanofibers can be deposited721720,A simple one pot hydrothermally fabricated N doped oxidized carbon dots revealed an excellent photostability under constant illumination with 344nm UV radiation for 24 000s and intermittently tested stability under ambient conditions for over 18months . The general susceptibility of their PL was tested under different conditions of pH and temperature . The NOCDs were found to act as optical fluorometric sensors for pH and temperature revealing a linear cyclic and reversible trend in their fluorescence intensity between pH 3 and pH 9 and 25C70C temperature range . As reasonable temperature and pH sensing agent a good linear fit with an excellent regression coefficients of 0.979 and 0.989 respectively were revealed . Typical organic pollutants such as anionic and Bromophenol blue and cationic Rhodamine 6 G dyes were found to quench the corresponding fluorescence through an inner filter effect . This is the first report on detection of organic pollutants using NOCDs as optical sensing probe .,The general susceptibility of their PL was tested under different conditions of pH and temperature . This is the first report on detection of organic pollutants using NOCDs as optical sensing probe . As reasonable temperature and pH sensing agent a good linear fit with an excellent regression coefficients of 0.979 and 0.989 respectively were revealed .722721,Compared to conventional chemotherapy with subcutaneous and intravenous injection injection of self healing hydrogel drug delivery system to tumor site brings less toxicity for normal tissues but also better specificity for tumor cells on account of spontaneous repair and better retention . More importantly it is essential to introduce multifunctional nanomaterials into self healing hydrogel loading chemotherapeutic drugs to significantly enhance tumor treatment effect . Therefore Rhodamin B isothiocyanate labeled mesoporous silica nanospheres with Mn Zn Ferrite Mn,Compared to conventional chemotherapy with subcutaneous and intravenous injection injection of self healing hydrogel drug delivery system to tumor site brings less toxicity for normal tissues but also better specificity for tumor cells on account of spontaneous repair and better retention . Therefore Rhodamin B isothiocyanate labeled mesoporous silica nanospheres with Mn Zn Ferrite Mn More importantly it is essential to introduce multifunctional nanomaterials into self healing hydrogel loading chemotherapeutic drugs to significantly enhance tumor treatment effect .723722,Arsenic and copper causing water pollution is a worldwide problem and simultaneously achieving water decontamination from arsenic and copper is immensely attractive . In this study an economical and eco friendly light enhanced removal system was proposed to simultaneously alleviate water contamination from arsenic and copper where nascent copper hydroxides acted as nano absorbers and electron acceptors for As removal . According to the mechanism studies the nascent CHO effectively capture As forming surface CuAs complex formation constant log,According to the mechanism studies the nascent CHO effectively capture As forming surface CuAs complex formation constant log In this study an economical and eco friendly light enhanced removal system was proposed to simultaneously alleviate water contamination from arsenic and copper where nascent copper hydroxides acted as nano absorbers and electron acceptors for As removal . Arsenic and copper causing water pollution is a worldwide problem and simultaneously achieving water decontamination from arsenic and copper is immensely attractive .724723,Concerns over considerable solid waste production increasing environmental pollution and the energy crisis have assigned a high value to solid waste recycling . Solid waste can be recycled as a potential substitute for some chemical substances . Additionally a promising strategy is the conversion of solid waste into heterogeneous catalysts for use in environmental remediation and renewable energy production . Hence this article aims to provide a state of the art review of recent developments in solid waste derived heterogeneous catalysts for organic contaminant removal and biodiesel production . First the types and characteristics of solid waste that are suitable to be processed into catalysts are summarized . This is followed by a brief description of the recycling technologies and processes of solid waste derived environmentally friendly catalysts . Next the applications of these new valuable heterogeneous catalysts in organic pollutant removal and biodiesel production are emphasized . Finally some future research directions are proposed .,Finally some future research directions are proposed . This is followed by a brief description of the recycling technologies and processes of solid waste derived environmentally friendly catalysts . Next the applications of these new valuable heterogeneous catalysts in organic pollutant removal and biodiesel production are emphasized .725724,Ammonium dibutyl dithiophosphate is one of the most important flotation reagents in sulfide mineral processing causing severe environmental pollution . In this study natural pyrrhotite activated peroxydisulfate was applied to treat ADD which can alleviate mine tailing problems and reduce the cost of treating mine wastewater . PDS can be efficiently activated by NP for ADD degradation achieving complete ADD removal with 0.35g L NP and 1.0mM PDS . The PDS activation not only occurred in solution but on the NP surface . Dissolved Fe,The PDS activation not only occurred in solution but on the NP surface . In this study natural pyrrhotite activated peroxydisulfate was applied to treat ADD which can alleviate mine tailing problems and reduce the cost of treating mine wastewater . Ammonium dibutyl dithiophosphate is one of the most important flotation reagents in sulfide mineral processing causing severe environmental pollution .726725,As the blooming of thermally activated delayed fluorescent materials organic light emitting diodes possessing high external quantum efficiency and low efficiency roll off are under eager pursuit . Herein three molecules 4 4 9 9 dimethylacridin 10 9,As the blooming of thermally activated delayed fluorescent materials organic light emitting diodes possessing high external quantum efficiency and low efficiency roll off are under eager pursuit . Herein three molecules 4 4 9 9 dimethylacridin 10 9727726,Interfacial solar vapor generation is promising and sustainable for seawater desalination . However the performance degradation caused by salt accumulation has hindered the development of the interfacial solar vapor generator severely . In this paper we have designed a lotus leaf like vertical hierarchical solar vapor generator for stable evaporation of high salinity brine . The LSG is assembled by Si PPy PVA sponge and multi root columnar PVA sponge by mimicking the structure of the lotus leaf . The Si PPy PVA sponge is fabricated by successively depositing the PPy layer and silane layer on the PVA sponge and acts as the absorber of LSG . LSG enables a stable evaporation rate of 1.350.02kgm,In this paper we have designed a lotus leaf like vertical hierarchical solar vapor generator for stable evaporation of high salinity brine . The LSG is assembled by Si PPy PVA sponge and multi root columnar PVA sponge by mimicking the structure of the lotus leaf . The Si PPy PVA sponge is fabricated by successively depositing the PPy layer and silane layer on the PVA sponge and acts as the absorber of LSG .728727,Ultrathin two dimensional materials are receiving great attention in recent years and search for new ultrathin materials is continued after the isolation of the graphene . The 2D materials have displayed a wide range of different extraordinary properties that considered groundbreaking for various fields . Borophene is another magical 2D material addition to the family of ultrathin materials . Theoretically explained borophene has come into realism after the successful synthesis of 2D triangular structure on the Ag substrates in 2015 . Unlike boron the borophene has displayed a high metallic character . Borophene is a great conductor of heat and electricity . Borophene has exhibited high anisotropy and great flexibility . Most of the work on borophene is still theoretical and very little experimental work is observed . This review provided the current status of borophene synthesis and applications . Borophene is extensively being explored in the field of gas storage batteries catalysis and sensors . It can help to achieve powerful high performance batteries by serving as an electrode material and it has an excellent capacity to sense various toxic gases . It is predicted that borophene has a powerful capacity to store hydrogen fuel and act as a catalyst . In the coming years the rapid surge in the borophene research to experimentally utilize its catalytic electronic and mechanical features is anticipated .,Borophene is extensively being explored in the field of gas storage batteries catalysis and sensors . This review provided the current status of borophene synthesis and applications . Borophene is another magical 2D material addition to the family of ultrathin materials .729728,Low energy desalination technologies capable of continuous throughput at reasonable operating and maintenance cost are now critically needed . Herein we present a continuous desalination process with average energy consumption as low as 2.14kJmole,Low energy desalination technologies capable of continuous throughput at reasonable operating and maintenance cost are now critically needed . Herein we present a continuous desalination process with average energy consumption as low as 2.14kJmole730729,Cu modified Y zeolite adsorbents have performed excellent adsorption desulfurization performance . Adsorption selectivity of thiophenic sulfur compounds however still remained a lower level in the presence of aromatics and olefins . In this work we aim to address the above challenge using Cu NH,In this work we aim to address the above challenge using Cu NH Adsorption selectivity of thiophenic sulfur compounds however still remained a lower level in the presence of aromatics and olefins . Cu modified Y zeolite adsorbents have performed excellent adsorption desulfurization performance .731730,Attachment and colonization of bacteria on surfaces seriously impact human health as well as numerous technologies . In this contribution a new zwitterionic monomer 3 ammonio butanesulfonate was synthesized and a polymeric coating that not only kills bacteria but also releases them afterwards was constructed through rapid deposition of polydopamine followed by,In this contribution a new zwitterionic monomer 3 ammonio butanesulfonate was synthesized and a polymeric coating that not only kills bacteria but also releases them afterwards was constructed through rapid deposition of polydopamine followed by Attachment and colonization of bacteria on surfaces seriously impact human health as well as numerous technologies .732731,Tritium as the fuel of fusion reactor must be stored in a metal hydride tank at a desired absorbing rate . This requirement must be fulfilled by proper design of the MH tank which can be assisted by numerical simulation . In this work a numerical model is proposed to couple hydrogen absorption kinetics and the heat and mass transfer of the MH tank . A novel kinetic model at constant flows for the gas solid reaction is developed to analyze the complex hydrogen absorption kinetics of a MH at different pressures which is the core of the numerical model . Kinetic analysis is performed to obtain the hydrogen absorption rate equation of LaNi,In this work a numerical model is proposed to couple hydrogen absorption kinetics and the heat and mass transfer of the MH tank . A novel kinetic model at constant flows for the gas solid reaction is developed to analyze the complex hydrogen absorption kinetics of a MH at different pressures which is the core of the numerical model . Kinetic analysis is performed to obtain the hydrogen absorption rate equation of LaNi733732,Metal free carbon based polymer nanocomposite membranes were employed for the first time for activated persulfate oxidation in continuous mode of operation . For that purpose reduced graphene oxide doped with nitrogen by using melamine as source was included as catalytic active phase in a poly matrix . The performance of the resulting composite membrane was compared against that obtained with supported membranes prepared by simple filtration of rGO M into a PTFE substrate . The uniform distribution of rGO M within both the surface pores and cross sectional channels of the composite rGO M PVDF membrane was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy while its main structural features were studied by X ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy . The quite good performance of this composite membrane was demonstrated by the degradation of three fluoroquinolone antibiotics at ppb level in ultrapure water 100g L,The quite good performance of this composite membrane was demonstrated by the degradation of three fluoroquinolone antibiotics at ppb level in ultrapure water 100g L Metal free carbon based polymer nanocomposite membranes were employed for the first time for activated persulfate oxidation in continuous mode of operation . The performance of the resulting composite membrane was compared against that obtained with supported membranes prepared by simple filtration of rGO M into a PTFE substrate .734733,The success of Na ion batteries is strongly depended on the discovery of suitable electrode materials and the improvement of electrochemical performance . Herein unique Na,The success of Na ion batteries is strongly depended on the discovery of suitable electrode materials and the improvement of electrochemical performance . Herein unique Na735734,Thermal energy induces long persistent luminescent at room temperature however the performance is deteriorated for an accelerated release of carriers once these LPL phosphors were employed in an ambient environment with higher temperature such as,Thermal energy induces long persistent luminescent at room temperature however the performance is deteriorated for an accelerated release of carriers once these LPL phosphors were employed in an ambient environment with higher temperature such as736735,Metal halide perovskites nanocrystals are emerging as competitive alternatives for semiconductor NCs in the fields of consumer optoelectronic devices however boosting their long term stability still needs extensive study . Encapsulation of perovskite NCs with polymer becomes a promising strategy yet the dielectric screening effect on the excitons of perovskites from the polymer matrix has seldom been considered . Here we demonstrated this effect in high permittivity poly encapsulated CsPbBr,Here we demonstrated this effect in high permittivity poly encapsulated CsPbBr Encapsulation of perovskite NCs with polymer becomes a promising strategy yet the dielectric screening effect on the excitons of perovskites from the polymer matrix has seldom been considered . Metal halide perovskites nanocrystals are emerging as competitive alternatives for semiconductor NCs in the fields of consumer optoelectronic devices however boosting their long term stability still needs extensive study .737736,Multicomponent transition metal compounds with multiple anions have been actively researched due to their superior electrochemical properties . They transform into heterostructured materials with different bandgaps during electrochemical reactions . This study is the first to introduce metal hydroxysulfide as an efficient anode material for use in lithium ion batteries . A model compound cobalt hydroxysulfide was employed to explore certain conversion reaction mechanisms with Li ions . The reversible conversion reaction mechanism of CoOHS can be described by the reaction 2Co 2LiOH 2Li,The reversible conversion reaction mechanism of CoOHS can be described by the reaction 2Co 2LiOH 2Li A model compound cobalt hydroxysulfide was employed to explore certain conversion reaction mechanisms with Li ions . This study is the first to introduce metal hydroxysulfide as an efficient anode material for use in lithium ion batteries .738737,Sulfamethazine taken as model compound have been exposed to a photocatalytic system driven by ultraviolet light irradiation with Fe and three carboxylic acids . The kinetic experiments quenching experiments electron paramagnetic resonance species model theoretical calculation density functional theory and intermediates analyses were conducted to analyze the formation of reactive oxygen species and underlying mechanism of Fe carboxylate complexes on photocatalytic degradation of SMT . The results indicated the complexes easily induced the degradation under UV irradiation . Enough hydroxyl radicals,The kinetic experiments quenching experiments electron paramagnetic resonance species model theoretical calculation density functional theory and intermediates analyses were conducted to analyze the formation of reactive oxygen species and underlying mechanism of Fe carboxylate complexes on photocatalytic degradation of SMT . The results indicated the complexes easily induced the degradation under UV irradiation . Enough hydroxyl radicals739738,Functional doping enables conjugated polymers to be prevalent electrodes through enhancing the charge transport . However conventional inactive dopants inevitably weight the electrode and block the access to the theoretical capacity . Herein we demonstrate the versatile role of sodium anthraquinone 2 sulfonate in boosting the charge storage of CPs as both redox dopant and electrolyte additive . Reversible faradic reactions are supplemented both in the bulk polymer and on the interfaces with electrolyte resulting in battery like energy storage . As a result poly exhibits greatly improved specific capacity from 0.4 mAh cm,Reversible faradic reactions are supplemented both in the bulk polymer and on the interfaces with electrolyte resulting in battery like energy storage . Herein we demonstrate the versatile role of sodium anthraquinone 2 sulfonate in boosting the charge storage of CPs as both redox dopant and electrolyte additive . Functional doping enables conjugated polymers to be prevalent electrodes through enhancing the charge transport .740739,The formation of high valent iron oxo species O Fe O is of vital importance in iron mediated advanced oxidation processes for the rapid removal of organic contaminants and it is mainly derived from the reduction of ferrate or the oxidation of homogeneous Fe . In this study we have shown Fe in the hematite surfaces under light illumination in the presence of sulfite can generate high valent iron oxo species that efficiently degrade refractory organics under alkaline conditions . Interactions between hematite and sulfite under xenon lamp irradiation in aqueous solution were investigated by combination of quenching experiments electron spin resonance high performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometer and X ray photoelectron spectroscopy techniques and a possible mechanism was proposed . Importantly this work demonstrates a novel and fundamental breakthrough toward the design synthesis and understanding of the high valent iron oxo species and also might provide potential applications in the treatment of alkaline wastewaters .,Importantly this work demonstrates a novel and fundamental breakthrough toward the design synthesis and understanding of the high valent iron oxo species and also might provide potential applications in the treatment of alkaline wastewaters . In this study we have shown Fe in the hematite surfaces under light illumination in the presence of sulfite can generate high valent iron oxo species that efficiently degrade refractory organics under alkaline conditions . Interactions between hematite and sulfite under xenon lamp irradiation in aqueous solution were investigated by combination of quenching experiments electron spin resonance high performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometer and X ray photoelectron spectroscopy techniques and a possible mechanism was proposed .741740,Severe multidrug resistance has frequently compromised the therapeutic efficacy of one first line chemotherapeutic drug cisplatin . Here we report cocktail polyprodrug nanoparticles that can concurrently pump out nitric oxide and peroxynitrite ONOO,Here we report cocktail polyprodrug nanoparticles that can concurrently pump out nitric oxide and peroxynitrite ONOO Severe multidrug resistance has frequently compromised the therapeutic efficacy of one first line chemotherapeutic drug cisplatin .742741,Levulinic acid is one of the most important platform chemicals as it is a versatile building block for a variety of high value added products fine chemicals and pharmaceutical intermediates . Catalytic esterification of LA with alkyl alcohols leads to levulinate esters which can be used as fragrances flavoring agents and fuel additives . In the present work the kinetics of the levulinic acid esterification with ethanol in the presence of Amberlite IR120 was investigated in a batch reactor . The collected experimental data were interpreted with a reliable model taking into account also for the mass transfer phenomena involved in the reaction network . The kinetic model was further validated by conducting experiments in a fixed bed reactor . The reactor was characterized in terms of fluid dynamics and the collected kinetic data were interpreted with a reliable reactor model considering the extent of the reaction and fluid solid mass transfer limitation .,In the present work the kinetics of the levulinic acid esterification with ethanol in the presence of Amberlite IR120 was investigated in a batch reactor . The reactor was characterized in terms of fluid dynamics and the collected kinetic data were interpreted with a reliable reactor model considering the extent of the reaction and fluid solid mass transfer limitation . The kinetic model was further validated by conducting experiments in a fixed bed reactor .743742,Recently biochar was frequently applied in catalysis field and it has been regarded as an efficient carbon rich material to degrade organic pollutants in water . Various functional structures of biochar have been reported to be valid in catalysis . Whereas the complexity of biochar structure and composition hinders the further exploration of specific functions of biochar . To address this problem selective inactivation experiment was first involved to investigate the role of oxygen containing groups in catalysis . In this study swine bone derived biochar was adopt as catalyst in persulfate activation system to degrade acetaminophen . Both non radical and radical pathway worked in BBC PS system . ACT could be completely degraded in 60min and the removal rate could reach 0.3111min,Whereas the complexity of biochar structure and composition hinders the further exploration of specific functions of biochar . To address this problem selective inactivation experiment was first involved to investigate the role of oxygen containing groups in catalysis . ACT could be completely degraded in 60min and the removal rate could reach 0.3111min744743,Investigating highly efficient narrow band emission phosphors that have strong excitation bands in the near ultraviolet region is the main goal of the present light emitting diode research especially for Bi,Investigating highly efficient narrow band emission phosphors that have strong excitation bands in the near ultraviolet region is the main goal of the present light emitting diode research especially for Bi745744,Efficient separation and transport of charge is a critical issue in solar driven water oxidation . Herein we developed a novel facile controllable method based on zero valent iron reduction to in situ and synchronous generate oxygen vacancies O,Herein we developed a novel facile controllable method based on zero valent iron reduction to in situ and synchronous generate oxygen vacancies O Efficient separation and transport of charge is a critical issue in solar driven water oxidation .746745,Global warming environmental pollution and energy shortage are causing severe environmental concerns for sustainable development . Conversion of various renewable biowastes into value added carbon based materials can be a promising option to alleviate these issues . The emergence of nitrogen doped biochar provides a versatile electroactive candidate suitable for environmental and energy applications . In this review we scrutinise and highlight the customised production of N doped biochars and their up to date applications in environmental remediation energy storage and biorefinery fields . With a comprehensive overview on the original precursor the interspecies conversion and the ultimate deactivation of various N dopants in biochar based carbocatalysis their formation mechanisms distinct electrochemical characteristics fate in the environmental and energy applications and electrochemical behaviour can be thoroughly analysed . Contemporary challenges that require to be addressed and perspectives on improving N doping technique on biochar are articulated . Overall this review helps to provide new insights into the customised production of N doped biochar for its broader applications in sustainable carbocatalysis and green chemistry .,The emergence of nitrogen doped biochar provides a versatile electroactive candidate suitable for environmental and energy applications . In this review we scrutinise and highlight the customised production of N doped biochars and their up to date applications in environmental remediation energy storage and biorefinery fields . With a comprehensive overview on the original precursor the interspecies conversion and the ultimate deactivation of various N dopants in biochar based carbocatalysis their formation mechanisms distinct electrochemical characteristics fate in the environmental and energy applications and electrochemical behaviour can be thoroughly analysed .747746,In recent years various slippery liquid infused porous surfaces have been reported in protection of various materials . However these SLIPSs are restricted to specific substrates complicated fabrication process and poor durability . Herein natural attapulgite with existing micro nano porous structure was selected as raw material avoiding complex hole making process involved in the traditional SLIPSs preparation . Subsequently a robust superhydrophobic surface was successfully fabricated by one step process via manipulation of both the surface roughness and surface energy through spraying suspension containing attapulgite and octadecyltrimethoxysilane on desired substrates . Besides inorganic aluminum phosphate binder was selected as a building block to improve the adhesive strength between the APT and the substrates . Finally the SLIPSs were fabricated successfully after infused the SHSs with silicone oil which showed superior liquid repellency anti corrosion anti icing performance with intensified durability compared with the original SHSs . This facile method can be applied to protect various materials without the restriction of specific substrates which is essential to guide the manufacture of SLIPS and expand potential applications in engineering .,Subsequently a robust superhydrophobic surface was successfully fabricated by one step process via manipulation of both the surface roughness and surface energy through spraying suspension containing attapulgite and octadecyltrimethoxysilane on desired substrates . Besides inorganic aluminum phosphate binder was selected as a building block to improve the adhesive strength between the APT and the substrates . This facile method can be applied to protect various materials without the restriction of specific substrates which is essential to guide the manufacture of SLIPS and expand potential applications in engineering .748747,Lithium ion capacitors with their high power density and acceptable energy density have become a popular energy storage device on the market . Among various electrode materials of lithium ion batteries LiNi,Lithium ion capacitors with their high power density and acceptable energy density have become a popular energy storage device on the market . Among various electrode materials of lithium ion batteries LiNi749748,Here by virtue of the natural merits of covalent organic frameworks we report the rational design of a novel reaction based recyclable fluorescent COF for both sensing and removal applications . The design concept is demonstrated by constructing allyl together with hydroxy groups functionalized COF material AH COF for the exclusive detection and effective removal of mercury the densely and well distributed allyl cooperated with hydroxy groups as the Hg,Here by virtue of the natural merits of covalent organic frameworks we report the rational design of a novel reaction based recyclable fluorescent COF for both sensing and removal applications . The design concept is demonstrated by constructing allyl together with hydroxy groups functionalized COF material AH COF for the exclusive detection and effective removal of mercury the densely and well distributed allyl cooperated with hydroxy groups as the Hg750749,Phenolic endocrine disrupting chemicals such as bisphenol A 4 chlorophenol and nonylphenol are the most commonly detected pollutants in natural environments . The transformation of mixtures of the three phenolic pollutants during chlorination process was studied for the first time in this work . Single phenol can be effectively removed by free chlorine via electrophilic substitution and electron transfer reactions with the generation of chlorinated phenols and self coupling products . In mixture solution the apparent second order rate constants,The transformation of mixtures of the three phenolic pollutants during chlorination process was studied for the first time in this work . In mixture solution the apparent second order rate constants Single phenol can be effectively removed by free chlorine via electrophilic substitution and electron transfer reactions with the generation of chlorinated phenols and self coupling products .751750,To reduce capacity attenuation during cycling and improve ultrahigh sulfur loading of Li S batteries we have manufactured nitrogen doped hollow carbon nanospheres with interconnected mesoporous shell as conducting frameworks for sulfur loading . One step dual template technique is employed to prepare nitrogen doped polymer silica nanocomposites with interpenetration twins nano architectures at the initial stage . After carbonization and etching of silica the interpenetration twins nano architectures converted into interconnected functionalized mesoporous carbon nanospheres that endow desired micro mesoporous volume 4.75cm,One step dual template technique is employed to prepare nitrogen doped polymer silica nanocomposites with interpenetration twins nano architectures at the initial stage . After carbonization and etching of silica the interpenetration twins nano architectures converted into interconnected functionalized mesoporous carbon nanospheres that endow desired micro mesoporous volume 4.75cm To reduce capacity attenuation during cycling and improve ultrahigh sulfur loading of Li S batteries we have manufactured nitrogen doped hollow carbon nanospheres with interconnected mesoporous shell as conducting frameworks for sulfur loading .752751,Microtubular CNT made catalytic membrane contactor is proposed for heterogeneous three phase catalytic processes aimed at hydrogenation and oxygenation of aqueous pollutants . The contactor comprises a mesoporous CNT made microtube with an internal diameter of 1.5mm wall thickness of 0.2mm pore diameter of 30nm loaded with a nano scale metal catalyst . In this study the concept of CNT made contactors was proved for hydrogenation of nitrate ions . The CNT made microtubes were fabricated by infiltration of CNT suspension through the polypropylene microfiltration membrane . The CNT made microtubes were loaded with Pd Cu catalysts using the wet impregnation method followed by reduction by H,In this study the concept of CNT made contactors was proved for hydrogenation of nitrate ions . The CNT made microtubes were loaded with Pd Cu catalysts using the wet impregnation method followed by reduction by H Microtubular CNT made catalytic membrane contactor is proposed for heterogeneous three phase catalytic processes aimed at hydrogenation and oxygenation of aqueous pollutants .753752,A continuous flow process using heterogeneous catalysts like zeolites was developed for the conversion of crude glycerol with acetone to solketal . It was found that BEA zeolite and the hierarchical zeolite of MFI structure exhibit a high catalytic activity in solketal production for 3 hr on stream . Almost 85 of glycerol conversion and 98 selectivity to solketal was achieved after 1h of the reaction . The regeneration of spent catalysts by means of calcination with following ionic exchange restored the initial activity of the applied samples . The effect of particular impurities present in crude glycerol on the deactivation process of catalysts was also explored . Analysis of carbon balance and low temperature nitrogen adsorption desorption measurements as well as FT IR spectra of applied materials evidenced that the concurrent presence of MONG and alkaline cations reduce the zeolite catalysts activity .,The effect of particular impurities present in crude glycerol on the deactivation process of catalysts was also explored . A continuous flow process using heterogeneous catalysts like zeolites was developed for the conversion of crude glycerol with acetone to solketal . Almost 85 of glycerol conversion and 98 selectivity to solketal was achieved after 1h of the reaction .754753,Developing low cost yet highly efficient earth abundant electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction is of great significance for industrial scale water splitting for clean hydrogen production as well as for rechargeable metal air batteries . In searching for advanced catalysts it is equally important to fundamentally understand working mechanism and be able to rationally design and manipulate catalytic sites . Starting from the density functional theory calculations as a guidance our theoretical model revealed that chromium substitution in nickeliron hydroxides Ni,Starting from the density functional theory calculations as a guidance our theoretical model revealed that chromium substitution in nickeliron hydroxides Ni In searching for advanced catalysts it is equally important to fundamentally understand working mechanism and be able to rationally design and manipulate catalytic sites . Developing low cost yet highly efficient earth abundant electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction is of great significance for industrial scale water splitting for clean hydrogen production as well as for rechargeable metal air batteries .755754,Core shell nanostructured compounds are considered as promising electrode materials for supercapacitors in virtue of their facile accessibility to active sites and high electrical conductivity yet always limited by low capacity or poor cyclic stability because of the weak combination or shedding of active materials from the substrate . To address this issue we first synthesize three dimensional CuO cross linked nanosheet aggregates grown on Cu foams by wet chemical oxidation and further demonstrate the growth of ultra thin cobalt nickel layered double hydroxides onto the core of 3D CuO cross linked nanosheet aggregates by electrodeposition . In this way we find that the cross linked,To address this issue we first synthesize three dimensional CuO cross linked nanosheet aggregates grown on Cu foams by wet chemical oxidation and further demonstrate the growth of ultra thin cobalt nickel layered double hydroxides onto the core of 3D CuO cross linked nanosheet aggregates by electrodeposition . In this way we find that the cross linked Core shell nanostructured compounds are considered as promising electrode materials for supercapacitors in virtue of their facile accessibility to active sites and high electrical conductivity yet always limited by low capacity or poor cyclic stability because of the weak combination or shedding of active materials from the substrate .756755,The frequent detection of chloramphenicol in wastewater and surface water gives rise to concerns on its fatal myelosuppression and aplastic anemia . Recently the combination of ozone and peroxymonosulfate O,The frequent detection of chloramphenicol in wastewater and surface water gives rise to concerns on its fatal myelosuppression and aplastic anemia . Recently the combination of ozone and peroxymonosulfate O757756,The non metal organic polymers have attracted increasing attentions in the photocatalysis field because of their low cost metal free visible light responsive easy preparation and high stability . Herein metal free,The non metal organic polymers have attracted increasing attentions in the photocatalysis field because of their low cost metal free visible light responsive easy preparation and high stability . Herein metal free758757,Owing to the less energy consumption positive impact on the environment and prospect of providing clean water resources anion exchange membranes are promising materials for acid recovery from various industrial wastewater effluent . Based on the diffusion dialysis process AEMs selectively allow rapid proton permeation while efficiently retaining metal ions . To enhance the efficiency of the acid recovery process precise control of macromolecular architecture and chemical composition that enables high hydrophilicity proton conductivity through the membrane and ion exchange capacity is required . In this direction we report on the one step fabrication of novel poly based AEMs by the free radical polymerization of 1 butyl 3 vinyl imidazolium bromide acrylic acid styrene and acrylonitrile under sunlight . The effect of monomer composition in an AEM matrix on the structural physicochemical surface thermal and proton conductivity is investigated . The experimentally determined acid dialysis coefficient,The effect of monomer composition in an AEM matrix on the structural physicochemical surface thermal and proton conductivity is investigated . In this direction we report on the one step fabrication of novel poly based AEMs by the free radical polymerization of 1 butyl 3 vinyl imidazolium bromide acrylic acid styrene and acrylonitrile under sunlight . To enhance the efficiency of the acid recovery process precise control of macromolecular architecture and chemical composition that enables high hydrophilicity proton conductivity through the membrane and ion exchange capacity is required .759758,Development of nonprecious metal based electrocatalysts with highly efficient oxygen reduction reaction has increasingly attracted wide attention in energy conversion and storage systems . In this work we stepwise grow cobalt chelated COF TpBpy on silica nanospheres to form coreshell SiO,In this work we stepwise grow cobalt chelated COF TpBpy on silica nanospheres to form coreshell SiO Development of nonprecious metal based electrocatalysts with highly efficient oxygen reduction reaction has increasingly attracted wide attention in energy conversion and storage systems .760759,Frequent occurrence of oil spill accidents and heavy discharge of oily wastewater lead to serious environmental pollution . The sustainable utilization of natural materials offers non toxic and renewable methods for oil waste adsorption . A new oil absorbent wood material was therefore developed using the deep eutectic solvent treatment and subsequently hexadecyltrimethoxysilane hydrophobic coating . Compared to the conventional chemical approach using NaOH Na,The sustainable utilization of natural materials offers non toxic and renewable methods for oil waste adsorption . A new oil absorbent wood material was therefore developed using the deep eutectic solvent treatment and subsequently hexadecyltrimethoxysilane hydrophobic coating . Compared to the conventional chemical approach using NaOH Na761760,3D hierarchically porous NiO NF was synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method and a subsequent annealing process in different atmospheres for the simultaneous Cr removal and hydrogen generation from wastewater by the electrocoagulation method . O,3D hierarchically porous NiO NF was synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method and a subsequent annealing process in different atmospheres for the simultaneous Cr removal and hydrogen generation from wastewater by the electrocoagulation method . O762761,Metal halide perovskite solar cells have made a great progress in recent years however charge recombination and losses at interfaces between the different layers restrict their performance . In the present work we devised an efficient method that not only passivates the interfacial traps but also enhances charge extraction of the PSC . The chlorobenzene with the addition of Poly is used as antisolvent during the spin coating process of the wet perovskite film . In this way P3HT molecules permeate along perovskite grain boundaries to fill the pinholes and repair interfacial defects of the perovskite film . In addition the valence band of the surface of the perovskite layer is thus tuned to form an energy level better aligned with the hole transport layer . Such a gradient heterojunction structure layer containing P3HT and perovskite provides a rapid channel for hole migration and improves carrier extraction efficiency . The power conversion efficiency of the champion solar cell is up to 20.0 with an open circuit voltage of 1.18V a short circuit current density of 22.2mA cm,In the present work we devised an efficient method that not only passivates the interfacial traps but also enhances charge extraction of the PSC . In addition the valence band of the surface of the perovskite layer is thus tuned to form an energy level better aligned with the hole transport layer . The power conversion efficiency of the champion solar cell is up to 20.0 with an open circuit voltage of 1.18V a short circuit current density of 22.2mA cm763762,Complete oxidation of volatile organic compounds with high energy efficiency remains a challenge in post plasma catalysis due to insufficient adsorption towards gas and relatively low catalytic activity at room temperature . Three dimensional hollow urchin MnO,Three dimensional hollow urchin MnO Complete oxidation of volatile organic compounds with high energy efficiency remains a challenge in post plasma catalysis due to insufficient adsorption towards gas and relatively low catalytic activity at room temperature .764763,The adsorption of metronidazole and trimethoprim antibiotics from water on nanomaterials synthesized from graphene oxide and graphite was examined thoroughly . The effect of the physicochemical properties and surface area onto the adsorption capacity of the nanomaterials was studied in detail . The nanocarbon materials used were graphene oxide and GO reduced in inert medium or ammonia and four high surface area graphites . The nanomaterials characterization was performed by transmission and scanning electron microscopy N,The effect of the physicochemical properties and surface area onto the adsorption capacity of the nanomaterials was studied in detail . The adsorption of metronidazole and trimethoprim antibiotics from water on nanomaterials synthesized from graphene oxide and graphite was examined thoroughly . The nanomaterials characterization was performed by transmission and scanning electron microscopy N765764,Herein greatly enhanced oxygen evolution reaction performances are obtained under the cooperation of small sized morphological effect and heteroatomic doping activation . Firstly three dimensional nickel cobaltite nanoneedle arrays with smaller diameters were directly grown on the thinner carbon filaments surface . Its derivative the flexible NiCo,Herein greatly enhanced oxygen evolution reaction performances are obtained under the cooperation of small sized morphological effect and heteroatomic doping activation . Firstly three dimensional nickel cobaltite nanoneedle arrays with smaller diameters were directly grown on the thinner carbon filaments surface . Its derivative the flexible NiCo766765,Mature leachates contain extremely recalcitrant aromatic organic matter and require appropriate treatment before discharge . The combined process for treating mature landfill leachate is a common and proper due to its inexpensiveness and high performance . Identification of refractory components and insights into the physicochemical properties transformations of the organics are essential for the development of efficient treatment process . Optical three dimensional chromatography and electrochemical techniques were applied to characterize aromatic organic matter in leachate from a pilot landfill leachate treatment plant . Results showed that the combination of biological contact oxidation iron carbon micro electrolysis Fenton coagulation and integrated activated sludge system could efficiently remove 95.5 COD and 88.3 DOC in leachate organic matter together with a simultaneous reduction in its molecular weight aromaticity polarity and humification degree . The low MW proteinaceous carboxylic acid and amine containing fractions were preferentially removed in biological contact oxidation process whereas the hydrophilic humic substances with the MW 4.0kDa were the main species against biological treatment . Conversely the advanced oxidation processes could efficiently destroy high MW aromatic rings and conjugated moieties fractions resulting in an increase in the leachate biodegradability . The oxygen containing moieties generated in the AOPs were bridged by the flocculants to promote precipitate during the coagulation process and the polymerized metastable organic fractions formed during the process were partly biodegraded in the integrated activated sludge system . This study highlights the potential of combined optical electrochemical measurements to monitor the intrinsic reactivity of aromatic organic matter and guide the practical leachate treatment .,This study highlights the potential of combined optical electrochemical measurements to monitor the intrinsic reactivity of aromatic organic matter and guide the practical leachate treatment . Identification of refractory components and insights into the physicochemical properties transformations of the organics are essential for the development of efficient treatment process . The oxygen containing moieties generated in the AOPs were bridged by the flocculants to promote precipitate during the coagulation process and the polymerized metastable organic fractions formed during the process were partly biodegraded in the integrated activated sludge system .767766,The formation identification and reaction mechanism of reactive species in various advanced oxidation processes are crucial for understanding the principles of AOPs and the degradation mechanism of recalcitrant organic contaminants because reactive species are responsible for the degradation of organic contaminants in AOPs . In this review the possible reactive species generated in various AOPs were systematically analyzed and summarized including hydroxyl radicals HO,The formation identification and reaction mechanism of reactive species in various advanced oxidation processes are crucial for understanding the principles of AOPs and the degradation mechanism of recalcitrant organic contaminants because reactive species are responsible for the degradation of organic contaminants in AOPs . In this review the possible reactive species generated in various AOPs were systematically analyzed and summarized including hydroxyl radicals HO768767,The bioaugmentation is crucial to improve the energy efficient process for anaerobic digestion of organic wastes at high ammonia levels . Genomic insights into the intricate microbial networks at a high ammonia level remain underexplored . The present study showed that the addition of,The present study showed that the addition of The bioaugmentation is crucial to improve the energy efficient process for anaerobic digestion of organic wastes at high ammonia levels . Genomic insights into the intricate microbial networks at a high ammonia level remain underexplored .769768,Superomniphobicity repelling both water and organic liquids is an important feature of special wettability material which has received great attention in surface interface area . The bottleneck in the real application is how to develop robust superomniphobic surface by using cost effective scalable facile materials and methods . Here we report a superomniphobic coating by using low cost and scalable spraying suspensions method . The sprayed superomniphobic coating assembles into multi leveled micro nanostructures with very low apparent surface free energy of 12.98 mN m,Here we report a superomniphobic coating by using low cost and scalable spraying suspensions method . The bottleneck in the real application is how to develop robust superomniphobic surface by using cost effective scalable facile materials and methods . The sprayed superomniphobic coating assembles into multi leveled micro nanostructures with very low apparent surface free energy of 12.98 mN m770769,Ice accretion on airplane surfaces power lines or wind turbines can cause operational difficulties and disastrous events . Great efforts have been made to develop environmentally friendly anti icing or deicing surfaces over the last several decades but a high efficient robust and energy saving surface for both anti icing and deicing still remains a challenge . Herein a sunlight responsive and robust anti icing deicing coating is designed by integrating photothermogenic nanocarbon fibers with an amphiphilic material which is based on hydrophobic polydimethylsiloxane and hydrophilic polyvinylpyrrolidone segments . The resultant coating represents an excellent and energy saving anti icing deicing performance a 34 fold increase of freezing delay time compared with control steel and 18KPa of ice adhesion strength enabling easy removal by a natural wind action attributable to the intrinsic material properties . Moreover nanocarbon fibers can further reduce the ice adhesion strength and endow the coating with a rapidly sunlight sensitive photothermal deicing performance presenting the superiority of outdoor applications especially for high altitude equipment and vehicles . After 30 icing deicing cycle simulated acid rain scouring sand dropping and 200 abrasion cycle tests this coating also exhibits an extraordinary durability and robustness . This work makes a promising anti icing and deicing coating for a large scale operation and practical applications in particular outdoors .,The resultant coating represents an excellent and energy saving anti icing deicing performance a 34 fold increase of freezing delay time compared with control steel and 18KPa of ice adhesion strength enabling easy removal by a natural wind action attributable to the intrinsic material properties . Moreover nanocarbon fibers can further reduce the ice adhesion strength and endow the coating with a rapidly sunlight sensitive photothermal deicing performance presenting the superiority of outdoor applications especially for high altitude equipment and vehicles . This work makes a promising anti icing and deicing coating for a large scale operation and practical applications in particular outdoors .771770,Over the last few decades the application of photocatalysis for mineralizing persistent organic pollutants and other new emerging contaminants has gained increasing research and industry attention . However the integration of catalyst fabrication and reactor design has not yet been realized for photocatalytic water decontamination applications . Herein we present for the first time a facile scalable and eco friendly strategy for the direct synthesis and integration of hairy,Herein we present for the first time a facile scalable and eco friendly strategy for the direct synthesis and integration of hairy Over the last few decades the application of photocatalysis for mineralizing persistent organic pollutants and other new emerging contaminants has gained increasing research and industry attention . However the integration of catalyst fabrication and reactor design has not yet been realized for photocatalytic water decontamination applications .772771,Pharmaceutical wastewater has become a severe tremendous threaten to ecological environment and human health . Semiconductor photocatalysts have emerged as potential candidates for degrading pharmaceutical pollutants . Construction of highly efficient stable and recyclable Z scheme photocatalysts that are superior to individual constituents or widely studied heterojunction photocatalysts is very fascinating yet challenging . Herein we report an efficient stable and recyclable visible light driven Bi,Herein we report an efficient stable and recyclable visible light driven Bi Construction of highly efficient stable and recyclable Z scheme photocatalysts that are superior to individual constituents or widely studied heterojunction photocatalysts is very fascinating yet challenging . Pharmaceutical wastewater has become a severe tremendous threaten to ecological environment and human health .773772,Structuring MOF materials is a fundamental step towards their commercialization . Herein we report intensive characterization of 3D printed UTSA 16 monoliths facilitated by the development of a new non aqueous ink formulation employing hydroxypropyl cellulose and boehmite to adjust the rheology of the ink . What makes this formulation and printing process different from the printed adsorbents and catalysts published previously is that the resulting structures in this work were not sintered . The presence of the binder matrix not only produced the physical properties for printability but also ensured a homogeneous dispersion of UTSA 16 in the structures as well as gas adsorption characteristics . The monoliths were tested for the adsorption of different gases N,The monoliths were tested for the adsorption of different gases N Herein we report intensive characterization of 3D printed UTSA 16 monoliths facilitated by the development of a new non aqueous ink formulation employing hydroxypropyl cellulose and boehmite to adjust the rheology of the ink . The presence of the binder matrix not only produced the physical properties for printability but also ensured a homogeneous dispersion of UTSA 16 in the structures as well as gas adsorption characteristics .774773,The desulfurization by product treatment and water pollution are two widespread concerns while the sulfite activation by transition metals can be adopted to solve both of them simultaneously . In this study a silica supported cobalt catalyst was used to activate sulfite for the degradation of organic pollutants in an electrochemical system which demonstrated remarkable water treatment efficiencies due to sulfate radical oxidation . The synergy mechanisms of the EC CoSi sulfite system were revealed . The as prepared CoSi played the dual roles as an electro adsorbent and a catalyst for sulfite activation . The electrolytic oxygenation supported the conversion of cobalt species and the chain reactions of oxysulfur radicals . The anodic oxidation of sulfite also generated oxysulfur radicals . The influencing factors and operating parameters were investigated and optimized systematically . Moreover the efficient degradation of highly concentrated X 3B and non selective oxidation of various organic compounds confirmed the promising application of the EC CoSi sulfite system in practical water treatment . Overall the EC CoSi sulfite system created new value of the industrial waste for further application in the environmental remediation .,The electrolytic oxygenation supported the conversion of cobalt species and the chain reactions of oxysulfur radicals . The synergy mechanisms of the EC CoSi sulfite system were revealed . The anodic oxidation of sulfite also generated oxysulfur radicals .775774,Cell sheets play a vital role in gene therapies . Nonetheless gene delivery platforms based on cell sheet technology are restricted to small genes . Here we produced a rapid and efficient light activated gene delivery nanodot platform for large genes . Due to its large gene sequence low density lipoprotein receptor related protein 5 is rarely used for gene therapy,Here we produced a rapid and efficient light activated gene delivery nanodot platform for large genes . Nonetheless gene delivery platforms based on cell sheet technology are restricted to small genes . Cell sheets play a vital role in gene therapies .776775,Although biochar is widely recognized as a multifunctional material developing high performance carbon materials from biochar for both energy and environmental applications remains challenging . In this work torreya grandis inner shell a widespread lignocellulosic biomass waste was used to synthesize hierarchically porous carbon materials via a designed carbonization activation approach . The prepared biochar exhibited excellent energy storage performance in 1M Na,The prepared biochar exhibited excellent energy storage performance in 1M Na In this work torreya grandis inner shell a widespread lignocellulosic biomass waste was used to synthesize hierarchically porous carbon materials via a designed carbonization activation approach . Although biochar is widely recognized as a multifunctional material developing high performance carbon materials from biochar for both energy and environmental applications remains challenging .777776,The eliminate of 2 4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid was achieved via individual and combination of catalytic hydrodechlorination and AOPs involved peroxymonosulfate activation . The CMK 3 supported monometallic Pd catalysts with varied Pd loadings were prepared and applied in the reactions . The results showed that Pd CMK 3 were highly active and competitive in both the HDC and AOPs of 2 4 D and the removal efficiencies were 91.6 and 95.2 over Pd,The eliminate of 2 4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid was achieved via individual and combination of catalytic hydrodechlorination and AOPs involved peroxymonosulfate activation . The results showed that Pd CMK 3 were highly active and competitive in both the HDC and AOPs of 2 4 D and the removal efficiencies were 91.6 and 95.2 over Pd The CMK 3 supported monometallic Pd catalysts with varied Pd loadings were prepared and applied in the reactions .778777,Hydroxylated fullerene Fullerol has applied in many areas because of its high electron affinity and antioxidant potential while it was few used in wastewater treatment . In this study the mechanism involved that Fullerol accelerated the regeneration of Fe in the Fe H,In this study the mechanism involved that Fullerol accelerated the regeneration of Fe in the Fe H Hydroxylated fullerene Fullerol has applied in many areas because of its high electron affinity and antioxidant potential while it was few used in wastewater treatment .779778,Introducing defects into metal oxides is considered as an effective method to improve their performance . However to fully understand the role of oxygen vacancies in the adsorption of organic dyes is still a challenging target . Herein defective alumina microspheres were synthesized and used as adsorbents for removing organic dyes . In contrast to ordinary Al,However to fully understand the role of oxygen vacancies in the adsorption of organic dyes is still a challenging target . Herein defective alumina microspheres were synthesized and used as adsorbents for removing organic dyes . In contrast to ordinary Al780779,P2 type manganese based layered oxides are considered as promising cathode materials for sodium ion batteries . However most of them suffer from sluggish kinetics and unfavorable structural stability severely impeding their practical applications . Herein Nasicon type NaTi,Herein Nasicon type NaTi However most of them suffer from sluggish kinetics and unfavorable structural stability severely impeding their practical applications . P2 type manganese based layered oxides are considered as promising cathode materials for sodium ion batteries .781780,Visible light activated photocatalysts offer a promising approach to remove recalcitrant organic contaminants from water without adding chemicals using free solar energy . In this study sulfate doped silver phosphate SO,In this study sulfate doped silver phosphate SO Visible light activated photocatalysts offer a promising approach to remove recalcitrant organic contaminants from water without adding chemicals using free solar energy .782781,Complementary effect of components in a hybrid photocatalyst is an essential factor for improving solar energy conversion efficiency yet the underlying correlation between nitrogen doped carbon quantum dots and oxygen vacancy is still ambiguous . Herein using BiOBr nanosheets as model photocatalyst we studied the specific roles of N CQDs and OV in antibiotic photodegradation over full spectrum . Electrons were overwhelmingly collected on N CQDs rather than OV achieving prominent separation of photo excitons . However OV could extend the congenitally optical absorption boundary of BiOBr to maximum utilizing the up converted photons by N CQDs . Moreover active radical tests revealed that N CQDs mainly regulated the single electron reduction of dissolved oxygen to produce superoxide radicals,Herein using BiOBr nanosheets as model photocatalyst we studied the specific roles of N CQDs and OV in antibiotic photodegradation over full spectrum . Moreover active radical tests revealed that N CQDs mainly regulated the single electron reduction of dissolved oxygen to produce superoxide radicals However OV could extend the congenitally optical absorption boundary of BiOBr to maximum utilizing the up converted photons by N CQDs .783782,From theoretical calculations validated by the results of experiments it was shown that the properties of the washing liquid that flows into biotrickling filters at livestock facilities determine the maximum ammonia removal efficiency that can be achieved . For a well designed biotrickling filter not limited by hydrodynamic conditions the ammonia driving force is mainly controlled by the pH and also by the electrical conductivity EC,For a well designed biotrickling filter not limited by hydrodynamic conditions the ammonia driving force is mainly controlled by the pH and also by the electrical conductivity EC From theoretical calculations validated by the results of experiments it was shown that the properties of the washing liquid that flows into biotrickling filters at livestock facilities determine the maximum ammonia removal efficiency that can be achieved .784783,Carbon nanofibers have exhibited wide applications in the fields of materials science nanotechnology energy storage environmental science biomedicine and others due to their unique structure function and properties . In this review we present recent advance in the production and applications of various CNF based nanomaterials . The methods for the production of CNFs are introduced firstly and then different structures of CNFs related to corresponding synthesis methods are analyzed . In addition the functional tailoring of CNFs by combining with other nanoscale building blocks such as nanoparticles quantum dots carbon materials biomolecules and others are demonstrated and discussed . Finally the potential application of the CNF based functional nanomaterials in the fields of supercapacitors chemical batteries solar cells fuel cells environmental adsorbents sensors biosensors tissue engineering antibacterial materials electromagnetic interference shielding and sharp memory materials are introduced and discussed in detail . It is expected this comprehensive review will not only help the readers to obtain the preliminary information on the production modification and applications of CNFs but also promote the design and synthesis of novel CNF based nanostructures and nanomaterials for advanced applications .,In this review we present recent advance in the production and applications of various CNF based nanomaterials . The methods for the production of CNFs are introduced firstly and then different structures of CNFs related to corresponding synthesis methods are analyzed . It is expected this comprehensive review will not only help the readers to obtain the preliminary information on the production modification and applications of CNFs but also promote the design and synthesis of novel CNF based nanostructures and nanomaterials for advanced applications .785784,The development of drug carriers with advanced functions to overcome the low bioavailability of conventional eye drops is critical for the effective treatment of chronic ocular diseases . This paper reports a functional strategy for developing a new hydrogel eye drop with strong mucoadhesive tight junction opening and antioxidant properties which play important roles in improving the topical treatment of glaucoma . The eye drop carrier was rationally designed through the conjugation of gelatin with poly,The eye drop carrier was rationally designed through the conjugation of gelatin with poly This paper reports a functional strategy for developing a new hydrogel eye drop with strong mucoadhesive tight junction opening and antioxidant properties which play important roles in improving the topical treatment of glaucoma . The development of drug carriers with advanced functions to overcome the low bioavailability of conventional eye drops is critical for the effective treatment of chronic ocular diseases .786785,Rational construction of non noble metal based electrocatalysts for energy generation and environmental electrooxidation receives attention because of their simplicity versatility and high efficiency . In this study a novel coreshell electroactive material architecture is developed by electrodepositing cobalt sulfide shell over core NiCo,In this study a novel coreshell electroactive material architecture is developed by electrodepositing cobalt sulfide shell over core NiCo Rational construction of non noble metal based electrocatalysts for energy generation and environmental electrooxidation receives attention because of their simplicity versatility and high efficiency .787786,Interface engineering is a very important issue in achieving high efficiency in heterojunction photocatalysts . Herein we report an originally designed heterojunction photocatalyst with seamless contact . Its novelty includes the following two respects two Fe based oxides i.e . SnFe,Herein we report an originally designed heterojunction photocatalyst with seamless contact . Its novelty includes the following two respects two Fe based oxides i.e . SnFe788787,Blood contacting devices including implantation devices indwelling medical devices and extracorporeal circuits have been at risk of thrombus and infections which lead to treatment failure and serious adverse clinical events . In this study we have reported a facile and robust mussel inspired superhydrophilic coating for use on these blood contacting devices to combat thrombosis and infections . The coating was fabricated mainly based on the rapid formation and accumulation of polydopamine nanoparticles and in situ synthesized using silver nanoparticles in the presence of sodium periodate . Therefore the stability and long term effects of superhydrophilicity were maintained because of the synergetic contribution of hydrophilic chemical components and surface topography of stacked nanoparticles . Different from mostly reported PDA coatings that have good affinity to protein adsorption and cause blood coagulation the superhydrophilic PDA coating in this work effectively reduced the nonspecific adsorption of proteins maintained the native conformation of the adhered proteins and further inhibited thrombus formation . Meanwhile the superhydrophilic surface with Ag,The coating was fabricated mainly based on the rapid formation and accumulation of polydopamine nanoparticles and in situ synthesized using silver nanoparticles in the presence of sodium periodate . Different from mostly reported PDA coatings that have good affinity to protein adsorption and cause blood coagulation the superhydrophilic PDA coating in this work effectively reduced the nonspecific adsorption of proteins maintained the native conformation of the adhered proteins and further inhibited thrombus formation . Meanwhile the superhydrophilic surface with Ag789788,Wettability of porous materials is crucial for the separation of emulsified oil water mixtures . Herein high hydrophobicity of polyvinylidene fluoride membrane has been facilely transformed to high hydrophilicity and underwater superoleophobicity via single step coating of plant derived epigallocatechin gallate and silver ion Ag,Wettability of porous materials is crucial for the separation of emulsified oil water mixtures . Herein high hydrophobicity of polyvinylidene fluoride membrane has been facilely transformed to high hydrophilicity and underwater superoleophobicity via single step coating of plant derived epigallocatechin gallate and silver ion Ag790789,Gauze is the leading dressing for wound management . However infection and tissue adhesion pose serious challenges to the application of gauzes . Herein inspired by the self cleaning property of lotus leaf we develop a novel antiadhesive and antibacterial gauze . The gauze named,Herein inspired by the self cleaning property of lotus leaf we develop a novel antiadhesive and antibacterial gauze . The gauze named Gauze is the leading dressing for wound management .791790,The critical sized bone regeneration is still a challenge in regenerative medicine . Periosteum possesses excellent osteogenic capacity because it can provide osteogenic cells and growth factors and guide bone healing . Herein inspired by the nanostructure piezoelectric property of bone and the structure function of periosteum we report a periosteum structure function mimicking scaffolds with piezoelectric signal bioactive ion nanofibrous surface for critical sized bone regeneration . The biomimetic scaffolds have a gradient structure including the piezoelectric polymer layer and bioactive glass nanofibrous surface . The bioactive multifunctional scaffolds could remarkably improve the proliferation adhesion osteogenesis differentiation of bone marrow stem cells significantly enhance the formation of periosteum like tissue and the critical sized bone regeneration at the center of bone defect . Further studies of the molecular mechanism showed that the bioactive piezoelectric nanostructure scaffolds could activate the calcium sensing receptor of osteoblasts by accumulating Ca,The bioactive multifunctional scaffolds could remarkably improve the proliferation adhesion osteogenesis differentiation of bone marrow stem cells significantly enhance the formation of periosteum like tissue and the critical sized bone regeneration at the center of bone defect . Herein inspired by the nanostructure piezoelectric property of bone and the structure function of periosteum we report a periosteum structure function mimicking scaffolds with piezoelectric signal bioactive ion nanofibrous surface for critical sized bone regeneration . Further studies of the molecular mechanism showed that the bioactive piezoelectric nanostructure scaffolds could activate the calcium sensing receptor of osteoblasts by accumulating Ca792791,The tissue targeting delivery and intracellular transportation of therapeutics have been highly demanded for effective cancer therapy but remains challenging . We hereby report an implantable scaffold consisting of composite fibers with unique particle on fiber microstructure for localized synergistic chemo starvation therapy . In this system silica nanoparticles are loaded with glucose oxidase and protected by a polydopamine coating . A hypoxia activated prodrug is absorbed at the particle surface . Meanwhile biodegradable fibrous scaffold composed of polycaprolactone and gelatin are incorporated with hyaluronidase and self assembled with MGPA nanoparticles . When the composite scaffold is implanted at the tumor site particle liberation occurs in a pH dependent manner . HAase released effectively decomposes extracellular matrix and thereby promote the cellular uptake of MGPA nanoparticles . Subsequently MGPA exhausts intracellular glucose and O,HAase released effectively decomposes extracellular matrix and thereby promote the cellular uptake of MGPA nanoparticles . We hereby report an implantable scaffold consisting of composite fibers with unique particle on fiber microstructure for localized synergistic chemo starvation therapy . When the composite scaffold is implanted at the tumor site particle liberation occurs in a pH dependent manner .793792,Herein we reported a facile tactics for the fabrication of Ni nanoparticles embedded carbon aerogels via water induced self assembly of Ni MOFs and followed by pyrolysis carbonization under nitrogen atmosphere . The water induced assembly mechanism of Ni MOF hydrogel was investigated by adjusting the ratio of water ethanol and molecular dynamics simulation . Utilizing the nanofibers with hierarchical porous structures the Ni C aerogels with low density 27.9mg cm,The water induced assembly mechanism of Ni MOF hydrogel was investigated by adjusting the ratio of water ethanol and molecular dynamics simulation . Herein we reported a facile tactics for the fabrication of Ni nanoparticles embedded carbon aerogels via water induced self assembly of Ni MOFs and followed by pyrolysis carbonization under nitrogen atmosphere . Utilizing the nanofibers with hierarchical porous structures the Ni C aerogels with low density 27.9mg cm794793,The friction and wear of amorphous diamond like carbon films will dramatically increase with the increment of ambient humidity . This drawback can lead to lubrication failure which greatly impedes the practical applications of DLC films in humid environment . Herein a simple method is proposed to improve the tribological performance of DLC films in humid environment by adding hexagonal boron nitride nanosheet wrapped carbon nanoparticles,Herein a simple method is proposed to improve the tribological performance of DLC films in humid environment by adding hexagonal boron nitride nanosheet wrapped carbon nanoparticles The friction and wear of amorphous diamond like carbon films will dramatically increase with the increment of ambient humidity . This drawback can lead to lubrication failure which greatly impedes the practical applications of DLC films in humid environment .795794,Photocatalytic nitrogen fixation is an attractive pathway to produce ammonia which is an important industrial raw material for fertilisers chemicals and energy but still suffers from low conversion efficiency . By virtue of unique electronic structures and unusual physicochemical properties significant research efforts regarding ultrathin photocatalysts have been made to show excellent nitrogen fixation behavior . In this review state of the art progress of ultrathin structured N,In this review state of the art progress of ultrathin structured N By virtue of unique electronic structures and unusual physicochemical properties significant research efforts regarding ultrathin photocatalysts have been made to show excellent nitrogen fixation behavior . Photocatalytic nitrogen fixation is an attractive pathway to produce ammonia which is an important industrial raw material for fertilisers chemicals and energy but still suffers from low conversion efficiency .796795,A low loading microporous boron based intumescent macrocycle flame retardant was prepared and incorporated into PLA to reduce its flammability improve the mechanical properties and enhance its ultraviolet protection . Fourier transform infrared spectrum scanning electron microscope Raman spectroscopy and N,A low loading microporous boron based intumescent macrocycle flame retardant was prepared and incorporated into PLA to reduce its flammability improve the mechanical properties and enhance its ultraviolet protection . Fourier transform infrared spectrum scanning electron microscope Raman spectroscopy and N797796,Microbial denitrification can be impaired by the co existence of organic chelating pollutants however information on the potential impacts of nitrate reduction efficiency in response to such pollutants is limited . Herein 1 hydroxyethane was selected as a typical pollutant to investigate effects on biological denitrification in an expanded granular sludge blanket reactor . Results showed that 99.5 99.9 of nitrate was removed after sludge exposure to HEDP . This was due to the protection of microbial cells by an increase in the secretion of extra polymeric substances in response to HEDP stress . However nitrate removal efficiency decreased to 55 with the accumulation of 470mg L,This was due to the protection of microbial cells by an increase in the secretion of extra polymeric substances in response to HEDP stress . However nitrate removal efficiency decreased to 55 with the accumulation of 470mg L Results showed that 99.5 99.9 of nitrate was removed after sludge exposure to HEDP .798797,As a rising star of two dimensional materials single or few layer black phosphorus possess great potential as nanofiller in fabricating polymer nanocomposites due to its thermodynamic stability nano size effect and structural characteristics . Herein few layer BP nanosheets were scalable exfoliated via solvent thermal method the Lithium ion intercalation was achieved during this procedure . Follow by a polydopamine encapsulated BP sandwich nanostructure was developed by oxidationreduction strategy which improved the air stability of few layer BP and its interfacial compatibility with polymer matrix . As could be expected the PDA encapsulated BP can effectively enhance the mechanical properties and flame retardancy of polyvinyl,Herein few layer BP nanosheets were scalable exfoliated via solvent thermal method the Lithium ion intercalation was achieved during this procedure . Follow by a polydopamine encapsulated BP sandwich nanostructure was developed by oxidationreduction strategy which improved the air stability of few layer BP and its interfacial compatibility with polymer matrix . As could be expected the PDA encapsulated BP can effectively enhance the mechanical properties and flame retardancy of polyvinyl799798,The development of rechargeable zinc air batteries requires the rational construction and exploration of robust and cost effective bi functional cathode catalysts to replace common noble metal based ones for efficient oxygen reduction evolution reactions . In this study a new kind of hierarchically ordered porous carbon co doped by FeCo alloy nanoparticles and FeN,The development of rechargeable zinc air batteries requires the rational construction and exploration of robust and cost effective bi functional cathode catalysts to replace common noble metal based ones for efficient oxygen reduction evolution reactions . In this study a new kind of hierarchically ordered porous carbon co doped by FeCo alloy nanoparticles and FeN800799,Polymer based thermal conductive composites with both excellent thermal and mechanical properties are highly desirable in the thermal management of modern microelectronic industry . However the enhancement efficiency for fillers loaded polymer composite is actually lower than the theoretically predicted value . The significant reasons could be due to the restriction of interfacial thermal resistance at filler polymer matrix interfaces as well as the thermal conductive orientation dependence of anisotropic fillers . In the present study solid state shear milling S,Polymer based thermal conductive composites with both excellent thermal and mechanical properties are highly desirable in the thermal management of modern microelectronic industry . In the present study solid state shear milling S However the enhancement efficiency for fillers loaded polymer composite is actually lower than the theoretically predicted value .801800,Novel surfactants were synthesized and investigated as green corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in 15 HCl solution in various ways including weight loss electrochemical measurements scanning kelvin probe scanning electron microscope and theoretical calculations . The efficiency of the inhibitors against the corrosion of mild steel in the aggressive solution were evaluated gravimetrically at various temperatures . The corrosion inhibition efficiency has been increased with the increase of the inhibitor concentration the maximum achieved was equal to 98.97 at temperature 90C . The experiments results reveal that two surfactants were effective corrosion inhibitor and because of the amphiphilic nature of surfactant molecules the inhibitors can be adsorbed onto mild steel surface obeying the Langmuir adsorption isotherm . Finally Theoretical calculation parameters of quantum chemical calculation and molecular dynamic simulations further showing a definite correlation between the theoretical and experimental results .,The efficiency of the inhibitors against the corrosion of mild steel in the aggressive solution were evaluated gravimetrically at various temperatures . Finally Theoretical calculation parameters of quantum chemical calculation and molecular dynamic simulations further showing a definite correlation between the theoretical and experimental results . The experiments results reveal that two surfactants were effective corrosion inhibitor and because of the amphiphilic nature of surfactant molecules the inhibitors can be adsorbed onto mild steel surface obeying the Langmuir adsorption isotherm .802801,Photocatalytic oxidation processes are a promising technology for controlling the pollution of working environments namely the low concentrations of volatile organic compounds generated in industrial processes and improving the efficiency of this process is an important issue . In this study the photocatalytic oxidation of gas phase benzene was carried out with TiO,In this study the photocatalytic oxidation of gas phase benzene was carried out with TiO Photocatalytic oxidation processes are a promising technology for controlling the pollution of working environments namely the low concentrations of volatile organic compounds generated in industrial processes and improving the efficiency of this process is an important issue .803802,Inherent nature of serious fire hazard including considerable heat and toxicants releases have definitely compromised the extensive usage of epoxy resin . In this investigation a three dimensional ternary structure based on SnO,In this investigation a three dimensional ternary structure based on SnO Inherent nature of serious fire hazard including considerable heat and toxicants releases have definitely compromised the extensive usage of epoxy resin .804803,Multifunctional wearable heaters are highly desirable for the growing demand in the field of personal thermal management . Herein we present an efficient and feasible strategy to construct wearable heaters using waterproof and breathable composite aerogels made from cellulose nanofibers aerogel polypyrrole fluorinated finishing agent and polyurethane . The named composite aerogels exhibited a lightweight structure 0.14g cm,Multifunctional wearable heaters are highly desirable for the growing demand in the field of personal thermal management . The named composite aerogels exhibited a lightweight structure 0.14g cm Herein we present an efficient and feasible strategy to construct wearable heaters using waterproof and breathable composite aerogels made from cellulose nanofibers aerogel polypyrrole fluorinated finishing agent and polyurethane .805804,Pesticide residues in the aquatic environment pose a threat to ecological environment and human health . The considerable concerns make it necessary to develop efficient strategies for the detection and degradation of pollutants . In this work a multifunctional membrane was fabricated on the self assembly of graphene oxide nanosheets with g C,In this work a multifunctional membrane was fabricated on the self assembly of graphene oxide nanosheets with g C The considerable concerns make it necessary to develop efficient strategies for the detection and degradation of pollutants . Pesticide residues in the aquatic environment pose a threat to ecological environment and human health .806805,Cocatalysts were conventionally considered as a major player in promoting the separation of photogenerated carriers with little or no contribution to enhancing light absorption . In this work an Nb,Cocatalysts were conventionally considered as a major player in promoting the separation of photogenerated carriers with little or no contribution to enhancing light absorption . In this work an Nb807806,The artificial photosynthesis system relies on the semiconductors that are chemically stable and can efficiently capture solar energy . However material stability and water splitting efficiency are often poor under the harsh conditions because of thermodynamic and kinetic challenges that hamper its practical use in large scale integrated devices . Here we integrate BiVO,The artificial photosynthesis system relies on the semiconductors that are chemically stable and can efficiently capture solar energy . Here we integrate BiVO However material stability and water splitting efficiency are often poor under the harsh conditions because of thermodynamic and kinetic challenges that hamper its practical use in large scale integrated devices .808807,Tars are one of the main barriers for the implementation of biomass gasification at industrial scale . Among the considerable number of models to predict gas composition there is a lack of models predicting tar generation in gasification processes as tar concentration data is far more difficult to collect and analyze . This study makes use of artificial neural networks to predict tar generation in gasification processes carried out in lab scale bubbling fluidized bed reactors operating with silica sand and woody biomass . An exhaustive review of the existing literature and the different tar collection and analysis methods is conducted to create a consistent database for the ANNs to train on . The model integrates different tar data coming from different sampling protocols and analysis methods . The predicted results show good accuracy R,An exhaustive review of the existing literature and the different tar collection and analysis methods is conducted to create a consistent database for the ANNs to train on . The model integrates different tar data coming from different sampling protocols and analysis methods . Tars are one of the main barriers for the implementation of biomass gasification at industrial scale .809808,This progress of industry revolution which involves reutilizing waste materials and simplifying complex procedures of analysis through artificial intelligent are the current interest in automated industries . There are two main objectives firstly the use of waste molasses from sugar mills as a cultivation medium for microalgae and nutrients extraction . The biomass in 15 of the molasses medium without carbon dioxide aeration during cultivation obtained the highest dry cell weight at 1206.43mg L. Protein content in the biomass of 10 molasses cultivation medium is 20.60 which is higher compared to commercial mediums . Secondly the exploitation of the deep colouration properties of molasses cultivated microalgae a novel photo to property estimation was performed by k Nearest Neighbour algorithm through RGB model pixel raster in the images to rapidly determine the biomass concentration nitrogen concentration and pH without use of tedious analytical processes . The k value at 4 was studied in normalized Root Mean Square Error for biomass concentration at 0.10 nitrate at 0.11 and pH at 0.02 for a sequence of days .,Secondly the exploitation of the deep colouration properties of molasses cultivated microalgae a novel photo to property estimation was performed by k Nearest Neighbour algorithm through RGB model pixel raster in the images to rapidly determine the biomass concentration nitrogen concentration and pH without use of tedious analytical processes . The k value at 4 was studied in normalized Root Mean Square Error for biomass concentration at 0.10 nitrate at 0.11 and pH at 0.02 for a sequence of days . The biomass in 15 of the molasses medium without carbon dioxide aeration during cultivation obtained the highest dry cell weight at 1206.43mg L. Protein content in the biomass of 10 molasses cultivation medium is 20.60 which is higher compared to commercial mediums .810809,Solid oxide fuel cells are important electric generators due to their high energy efficiencies and fuel flexibilities . However the high operation temperature results in high system cost complexity and poor long term durability . Recently decreasing the operating temperature of SOFCs to the low temperature range has attracted intensive attention especially for the direct utilization of hydrocarbons as fuels . This review summarizes the latest progress in hydrocarbon fueled SOFCs working at650C mainly focusing on the challenges and strategies associated with electrolytes anodes and cathodes . It highlights the requirement for highly active and carbon sulfur resistant anode and high ionic conductive electrolytes to gain a superior performance at a lower temperature .,This review summarizes the latest progress in hydrocarbon fueled SOFCs working at650C mainly focusing on the challenges and strategies associated with electrolytes anodes and cathodes . It highlights the requirement for highly active and carbon sulfur resistant anode and high ionic conductive electrolytes to gain a superior performance at a lower temperature . However the high operation temperature results in high system cost complexity and poor long term durability .811810,Micro resolution range finder is an essential tool in various cutting edge fields such as shooting macro precision instrument vibration monitoring and micro collision avoidance systems . Desirable MRRF requires micro scale precision high accuracy rapid response and long term cycling stability . Yet conventional MRRFs based on optical feedback precise machining piezoelectric effects and magnetostriction are still limited by complicated designs precise sequence of tasks and cumbersome device volume . As such for the first time we present a new type of micro distance sensor consisting of reduced graphene oxide high oriented polypyrrole foam for MRRF . Based on the distance resistance property of the as prepared foam the micro distance sensor has shown advantages of easy operation low cost miniaturized device . Here large rate resistance change and great mechanical stability are realized in rGO HOPPyF thus allowing precise and accurate micro distance detection . The micro distance sensor demonstrates ultrahigh sensitivities of 386.7 1260 and 546.7m,The micro distance sensor demonstrates ultrahigh sensitivities of 386.7 1260 and 546.7m As such for the first time we present a new type of micro distance sensor consisting of reduced graphene oxide high oriented polypyrrole foam for MRRF . Based on the distance resistance property of the as prepared foam the micro distance sensor has shown advantages of easy operation low cost miniaturized device .812811,The complex interlacing structure among cellulose hemicellulose and lignin and the unique properties of lignin itself limit the value added utilization of the lignin . As the upstream process of biorefinery lignin separation technology is very important for lignin conversion into high value materials . However it is not easy to extract lignin with relatively complete structure without affecting performance from biomass raw materials . Notably most of reviews regarding lignin focus on its degradation . The extraction or separation methods are not introduced in detail and the effects of these methods on raw materials or lignin have not been reported . Herein this paper critically reviews the changes in physicochemical properties and structure of lignin caused by several mild organic solvent extraction methods and new ionic liquids which has been widely used in recent years . Furthermore the application and potential economic benefits of these lignin are summarized . These methods promote the effective utilization of lignin which is no longer limited to heat energy but also alleviates the solid waste disposal problem caused by lignin as waste stream . Finally perspectives on the future research on the lignin separation depolymerization and application are highlighted . This review may provide an insight for the development of bio refining technology .,The complex interlacing structure among cellulose hemicellulose and lignin and the unique properties of lignin itself limit the value added utilization of the lignin . Furthermore the application and potential economic benefits of these lignin are summarized . Finally perspectives on the future research on the lignin separation depolymerization and application are highlighted .813812,To determine the effects of surface chemistry and the pore structure of shale on water vapor adsorption behavior water vapor isothermal adsorption experiments were performed with untreated and 15wt H,To determine the effects of surface chemistry and the pore structure of shale on water vapor adsorption behavior water vapor isothermal adsorption experiments were performed with untreated and 15wt H814813,In view of the poor selectivity of aromatic hydrocarbons in bio oil from biomass pyrolysis and the high pressure drop and rapid coking and deactivation of catalyst in industrial scale a microwave driven,In view of the poor selectivity of aromatic hydrocarbons in bio oil from biomass pyrolysis and the high pressure drop and rapid coking and deactivation of catalyst in industrial scale a microwave driven815814,Aerogels with low density high porosity and exceptional mechanical properties have attracted great interest as adsorbents . Preparing bio based aerogels with high porosity and outstanding mechanical performance via a facile and green strategy is in a growing demand . In this paper an effective approach was put forward to prepare porous lightweight bio aerogels by introducing extensive microbubbles during gelation of gelatin which not only endows aerogels with abundant and interconnected pores to ensure the low density and high adsorption capability but also improves the elastic resilience and fatigue resistance of the formed aerogels . In addition after further going through silylation treatment the hydrophobically modified porous aerogels maintain the good mechanical stability and efficiently collect oils organic solvents from water . Considering the low cost greenness of the preparation process and high performance of the prepared aerogels this approach holds a promising potential in preparing porous bio based aerogels with excellent mechanical properties for controlling environmental pollution caused by petroleum products and toxic organic solvents .,In this paper an effective approach was put forward to prepare porous lightweight bio aerogels by introducing extensive microbubbles during gelation of gelatin which not only endows aerogels with abundant and interconnected pores to ensure the low density and high adsorption capability but also improves the elastic resilience and fatigue resistance of the formed aerogels . Considering the low cost greenness of the preparation process and high performance of the prepared aerogels this approach holds a promising potential in preparing porous bio based aerogels with excellent mechanical properties for controlling environmental pollution caused by petroleum products and toxic organic solvents . In addition after further going through silylation treatment the hydrophobically modified porous aerogels maintain the good mechanical stability and efficiently collect oils organic solvents from water .816815,The application of battery like electrode materials with complex hollow structures huge surface areas and good redox properties is an appealing approach towards the boosting performance of hybrid supercapacitors . This work proposes a facile strategy for the fabrication of copper cobalt selenide hollow spheres as a new battery type electrode for hybrid supercapacitors . Benefiting from the considerable electrical conductivity and rationally porous structures this electrode exhibits a higher capacitance capacity of 1775.4F g,Benefiting from the considerable electrical conductivity and rationally porous structures this electrode exhibits a higher capacitance capacity of 1775.4F g The application of battery like electrode materials with complex hollow structures huge surface areas and good redox properties is an appealing approach towards the boosting performance of hybrid supercapacitors . This work proposes a facile strategy for the fabrication of copper cobalt selenide hollow spheres as a new battery type electrode for hybrid supercapacitors .817816,Alkylation of isobutane and butenes in ionic liquids is an important industrially applied and environmentally friendly process for the production of high quality gasoline . In a scale up reactor we found that the ILs with a small amount of aromatics would exhibit excellent performances for the alkylation reaction . The behaviors of aromatics on the liquid liquid interface and the alkylation performance of IL benzene have been investigated by molecular dynamics simulations and experimental studies . Based on density profile segment orientation and self diffusion coefficient the main reason that benzene affects the IL alkylation performance was discussed . Although the amount of benzene was small benzene would accumulate in the acid hydrocarbon interfacial layer during the alkylation process . A little benzene was enough to buffer the strong acidity of chloroaluminate anions at the interface . The presence of benzene also provided a transport channel for reactants increasing the concentration of isobutane at the interface . At the interface the proper acidity and higher isobutane to olefin ratio significantly improved the IL alkylation performance . Effects of other aromatics on the C,In a scale up reactor we found that the ILs with a small amount of aromatics would exhibit excellent performances for the alkylation reaction . Although the amount of benzene was small benzene would accumulate in the acid hydrocarbon interfacial layer during the alkylation process . A little benzene was enough to buffer the strong acidity of chloroaluminate anions at the interface .818817,To simultaneously solve problems of high water content and poor fuel performance hindering sludge incineration carbonaceous skeleton aided thermal hydrolysis was firstly developed in this study . Results showed that thermal hydrolysis could break sludge particle and release bound water . Sawdust as a typical carbonaceous skeleton improved permeability of sludge decreased the specific resistance to filtrate significantly and lowered effective thermal hydrolysis temperature from 180C to 150C . The water content of sawdust aided 150C hydrolysis sludge reached 42.2 after dewatered at 1MPa . Zeta potential was not always linked to sludge dewatering performance after carbonaceous skeleton aided thermal hydrolysis . The changes of zeta potential pH in sawdust aided thermal hydrolysis at different temperature which was affected by aliphatic acid and acetic acid derived from sludge and sawdust respectively were vector sums of that in hydrolysis alone . Zeta potential pH vector relations and filtrate composition revealed that sawdust could interact with sludge and accelerate thermal hydrolysis reaction . Maillard reaction was the main color reaction in thermal hydrolysis consuming protein and polysaccharide in EPS . There were two stages for the combustion of derived fuel . Thermal hydrolysis could homogenize the sludge and reduce the temperature intervals between two stages . More fixed carbon higher heating values and comprehensive combustibility index suggested a better combustion performance of derived fuel .,To simultaneously solve problems of high water content and poor fuel performance hindering sludge incineration carbonaceous skeleton aided thermal hydrolysis was firstly developed in this study . There were two stages for the combustion of derived fuel . Thermal hydrolysis could homogenize the sludge and reduce the temperature intervals between two stages .819818,Photocatalysis assist transition of uranium from soluble ions to insoluble nanoparticles is benefit for the extraction of uranium but has been rarely realized under air atmosphere . Here we developed a novel graphene aerogel GA 200 for the photocatalytic removal of uranium from water under visible light and air atmosphere for the first time . By controlling the reduction degree GA 200 remained numbers of functional groups for anchoring uranium and possessed high photocurrent response and narrow band gap to generate and transfer electrons holes readily . Under visible light irradiation neutral UO,Here we developed a novel graphene aerogel GA 200 for the photocatalytic removal of uranium from water under visible light and air atmosphere for the first time . By controlling the reduction degree GA 200 remained numbers of functional groups for anchoring uranium and possessed high photocurrent response and narrow band gap to generate and transfer electrons holes readily . Under visible light irradiation neutral UO820819,The possibility of enhancing the electrochemical activity of multilayer graphene films formed by a simple drop casting method by the inclusion of a moderate amount of boron doped diamond powder into the immobilized active material was investigated . Raman spectroscopy experiments suggested that for electrodes covered with GR BDDP edge planes of the graphene platelets are better exposed compared to the case of the GR modified ones . Cyclic voltammetry measurements performed by using an outer sphere redox system as test compound demonstrated that BDDP addition results in an apparent electrocatalytic effect which was ascribed to a larger fraction of pores in the GR BDDP coating induced by its more loose morphological structure . The investigation of the methanol oxidation at the Pt decorated electrodes demonstrated that the use of a GR BDDP composite as support for the electrocatalyst facilitates the overall process allows lower Tafel slopes and provides to the supported platinum a better resistance to fouling,The possibility of enhancing the electrochemical activity of multilayer graphene films formed by a simple drop casting method by the inclusion of a moderate amount of boron doped diamond powder into the immobilized active material was investigated . Raman spectroscopy experiments suggested that for electrodes covered with GR BDDP edge planes of the graphene platelets are better exposed compared to the case of the GR modified ones . The investigation of the methanol oxidation at the Pt decorated electrodes demonstrated that the use of a GR BDDP composite as support for the electrocatalyst facilitates the overall process allows lower Tafel slopes and provides to the supported platinum a better resistance to fouling821820,In this research a facile fungal biomineralization method was developed for the synthesis of nanoscale zerovalent iron with a unique N doped branching structure which showed excellent stability and mediated high degradation of carbon tetrachloride CCl,In this research a facile fungal biomineralization method was developed for the synthesis of nanoscale zerovalent iron with a unique N doped branching structure which showed excellent stability and mediated high degradation of carbon tetrachloride CCl822821,The purification of second generation biofuels is becoming an urgent issue due to the toxicity of the combustion products of residual phenol in these biofuels . The use of solid sorbents such as zeolites appears as a promising solution for ensuring the selective sorption of phenol towards aromatics . In the present work we have adopted a bottom up approach for removing phenol from a synthetic biofuel feed containing isooctane phenol n nonane and toluene using faujasite type Y zeolites with Si Al ratio 2.5 . The astonishing performance of HY zeolite to treat the synthetic biofuel has been highlighted by assessing the interaction modes of the molecules involved over the structural sites via the combination of theoretical molecular modeling and experimental adsorption experiments .,The purification of second generation biofuels is becoming an urgent issue due to the toxicity of the combustion products of residual phenol in these biofuels . The astonishing performance of HY zeolite to treat the synthetic biofuel has been highlighted by assessing the interaction modes of the molecules involved over the structural sites via the combination of theoretical molecular modeling and experimental adsorption experiments . The use of solid sorbents such as zeolites appears as a promising solution for ensuring the selective sorption of phenol towards aromatics .823822,Detoxification of hexavalent chromium in the environment and development of corresponding new materials and detoxification protocols have actively been studied and applied . Herein 2 2 6 2 terpyridine 4 thiol was functionalized on Au nanoparticle loaded carbon paper and indium tin oxide electrodes and the photoelectrochemical and photocatalytic detoxification of Cr using the resulting electrodes was investigated by cyclic voltammetry . Density functional theory at the B3LYP 6 31G level was used for geometry optimization and the electronic energy state calculation was conducted at the TD SCF DFT B3LYP level . For bare CP ITO and STpy modified AuNP electrodes the reduction potentials of Cr were around 0.3 0.2V and 0.5V respectively . The PEC and photocatalytic Cr reduction performance of CP AuNP was significantly improved upon STpy functionalization . Thus these newly developed functionalized systems can provide very useful information for further improving the detoxification performances for various hazardous metals .,Herein 2 2 6 2 terpyridine 4 thiol was functionalized on Au nanoparticle loaded carbon paper and indium tin oxide electrodes and the photoelectrochemical and photocatalytic detoxification of Cr using the resulting electrodes was investigated by cyclic voltammetry . The PEC and photocatalytic Cr reduction performance of CP AuNP was significantly improved upon STpy functionalization . Density functional theory at the B3LYP 6 31G level was used for geometry optimization and the electronic energy state calculation was conducted at the TD SCF DFT B3LYP level .824823,Persistent excessive inflammation and oxidative stress are main causes for the impaired wound healing in diabetic patient . To reduce the excessive reactive oxygen species and inflammatory response of wound in acute inflammatory phase is a key strategy for diabetic wound healing . In this work a kind of metal organic frameworks with curcumin as ligand and Zn,Persistent excessive inflammation and oxidative stress are main causes for the impaired wound healing in diabetic patient . To reduce the excessive reactive oxygen species and inflammatory response of wound in acute inflammatory phase is a key strategy for diabetic wound healing . In this work a kind of metal organic frameworks with curcumin as ligand and Zn825824,Thermoelectric materials with efficient heat energy conversion have been widely considered as potential electrical energy sources . Herein we propose an anion exchanged porous SnTe nanosheets as a high performance thermoelectric material with ultra low thermal conductivity . The solution phase reaction mechanisms for porous SnTe NSs are proposed and the reaction conditions are carefully manipulated in order to determine the optimal morphology and excellent thermoelectric performance . The porous SnTe NSs which consist of extremely small nanoparticles of only 3nm in size with defective shapes lead to a substantial reduction in the lattice thermal conductivity and a higher Seebeck coefficient compared to bulk SnTe caused by the introduced nanointerfaces pores and defects . An impressive,The solution phase reaction mechanisms for porous SnTe NSs are proposed and the reaction conditions are carefully manipulated in order to determine the optimal morphology and excellent thermoelectric performance . The porous SnTe NSs which consist of extremely small nanoparticles of only 3nm in size with defective shapes lead to a substantial reduction in the lattice thermal conductivity and a higher Seebeck coefficient compared to bulk SnTe caused by the introduced nanointerfaces pores and defects . Herein we propose an anion exchanged porous SnTe nanosheets as a high performance thermoelectric material with ultra low thermal conductivity .826825,A series of xerogels with a properly designed porous structure and surface chemistry have been synthesized and evaluated as a host structure to promote the nucleation and growth of methane hydrates . Organic xerogels have been synthesized from resorcinol formaldehyde mixtures using a sol gel approach and microwave heating . These xerogels are hydrophilic in nature and possess designed meso macrocavities in the pore size range 555nm . Carbon xerogels have been synthesized from their organic counterparts after a carbonization treatment at high temperature . Interestingly the carbonization process does not alter modify substantially the porous network of the parent xerogels while developing new micropores . Under water supplying conditions the two types of xerogels exhibit a large improvement in the methane adsorption capacity compared to the pure physisorption process taking place in dry conditions and associated with a significant hysteresis loop . These excellent values must be associated with the promoting effect of these xerogels in the water to hydrate conversion process . The comparison of OGs and CGs as a host structure anticipates that surface chemistry total pore volume and pore size are critical parameters defining the extent and yield of the methane hydrate formation process .,These excellent values must be associated with the promoting effect of these xerogels in the water to hydrate conversion process . Under water supplying conditions the two types of xerogels exhibit a large improvement in the methane adsorption capacity compared to the pure physisorption process taking place in dry conditions and associated with a significant hysteresis loop . Interestingly the carbonization process does not alter modify substantially the porous network of the parent xerogels while developing new micropores .827826,This study investigated the removal of Acetaminophen using biochars having different physicochemical characteristics . Biochars subjected to post pyrolysis heat treatment at 300C for different treatment times were used . The resulting biochars were characterized using FTIR and X ray diffraction spectroscopy . Experiments for ACT adsorption with different biochars loads 0.0 0.05 1 and 2gL,This study investigated the removal of Acetaminophen using biochars having different physicochemical characteristics . The resulting biochars were characterized using FTIR and X ray diffraction spectroscopy . Experiments for ACT adsorption with different biochars loads 0.0 0.05 1 and 2gL828827,In this work the degradation of hydroxychloroquine drug in aqueous solution by electrochemical advanced oxidation processes including electrochemical oxidation using boron doped diamond and its combination with UV irradiation and sonication was investigated . EO using BDD anode achieved the complete depletion of HCQ from aqueous solutions in regardless of HCQ concentration current density and initial pH value . The decay of HCQ was more rapid than total organic carbon indicating that the degradation of HCQ by EO using BDD anode involves successive steps leading to the formation of organic intermediates that end to mineralize . Furthermore the results demonstrated the release chloride Cl,The decay of HCQ was more rapid than total organic carbon indicating that the degradation of HCQ by EO using BDD anode involves successive steps leading to the formation of organic intermediates that end to mineralize . Furthermore the results demonstrated the release chloride Cl EO using BDD anode achieved the complete depletion of HCQ from aqueous solutions in regardless of HCQ concentration current density and initial pH value .829828,The development of nanothermites with adjustable reactivity has always been the research hotspot in the field of energetic materials and its key issue is to control the interfacial contact extent and diffusion length between fuel and oxidizer . Here the 3DOM CuO Al 3DOM CuO Al NPs and CuO NPs Al NPs nanothermites which show a gradual decrease in contact extents between reactants were firstly prepared simultaneously using magnetron sputtering P4VP self assembly and ultrasonic mixing respectively . The DSC thermograms show that the heat release of the 3DOM CuO Al can reach 2541.4J g much larger than either value of the prepared 3DOM CuO Al NPs and CuO NPs Al NPs . The activation energies of these CuO Al systems also exhibit the similar results as the heat releases . However the 3DOM CuO Al NPs can lead to the highest combustion pressure the shortest pressure rise time and the fastest pressurization rate followed orderly in corresponding values by the CuO NPs Al NPs and 3DOM CuO Al . All data indicate that the contact extent between CuO and Al plays a great effect on the overall reactivity and their differences in structure and volume are responsible for the diverse combustion pressure performance . Furthermore the presence of reaction voids between components can promote the O diffusion to enhance the continuous mass and heat transfer for an efficacious reaction . Hence it is believed that similar methods can be used to improve the contact extent and diffusion length between fuels and oxidants so as to achieve an adjustment in reactivity for various nanothermites .,Furthermore the presence of reaction voids between components can promote the O diffusion to enhance the continuous mass and heat transfer for an efficacious reaction . All data indicate that the contact extent between CuO and Al plays a great effect on the overall reactivity and their differences in structure and volume are responsible for the diverse combustion pressure performance . The DSC thermograms show that the heat release of the 3DOM CuO Al can reach 2541.4J g much larger than either value of the prepared 3DOM CuO Al NPs and CuO NPs Al NPs .830829,Highly stable emulsified water in oil mixtures from industrial processes have severe impact on the environment . As their abundance is increasing worldwide the methods to effectively separate these emulsified wateroil mixtures have attracted significant interest in recent years . Herein a durable superhydrophobic cotton based material using poly 1 3 phenylene bisoxazoline and raw cotton was developed . The as prepared SCM possesses superhydrophobicity and superoleophilicity . The SCM has excellent repellence not only toward pure water but also hot water and corrosive aqueous liquids . The superwetting composite also exhibits durable superhydrophobicity after long term immersion in organic solvents . Moreover after the compression process the superwetting material exhibits a remarkable oilwater separation performance . Very high permeation flux values of up to 10 400400Lm,The superwetting composite also exhibits durable superhydrophobicity after long term immersion in organic solvents . Moreover after the compression process the superwetting material exhibits a remarkable oilwater separation performance . Herein a durable superhydrophobic cotton based material using poly 1 3 phenylene bisoxazoline and raw cotton was developed .831830,Si is a promising candidate for next generation anode materials in lithium rechargeable batteries as it has a high theoretical specific capacity . However mechanical damage due to volume changes during electrochemical cycling and low electrical conductivity are critical limitations for practical anode applications . Herein a novel microscale 2D active material with alternating layers of Si and silicon oxide is developed and its energy storage properties are investigated by fabricating a composite anode with conventional graphite . The composite anode shows improved specific capacity by the introduction of veneer shaped Si microparticles and 88 capacity retention after 200 chargedischarge cycles . The adequate thickness of the layers and the repeating buffering layer existence in the high aspect ratio microscale particles that mimic a 2D nanostructure minimized the volume changes of the Si based electrode during cycling while achieving high electrical conductivity . This strategy can provide fundamental breakthroughs in overcoming the existing limitations of Si based materials for the development of high energy density active materials for Li batteries .,The adequate thickness of the layers and the repeating buffering layer existence in the high aspect ratio microscale particles that mimic a 2D nanostructure minimized the volume changes of the Si based electrode during cycling while achieving high electrical conductivity . The composite anode shows improved specific capacity by the introduction of veneer shaped Si microparticles and 88 capacity retention after 200 chargedischarge cycles . Herein a novel microscale 2D active material with alternating layers of Si and silicon oxide is developed and its energy storage properties are investigated by fabricating a composite anode with conventional graphite .832831,Although wastewater treatment plants can retain a high percentage of microplastics arriving at the facilities no method for extracting and characterizing these microparticles has been still standardized in these units . This study investigated three protocols of chemical digestion prior to analysis of microplastics one directed to the effluents using peroxidation and two for activated sludge . The samples were collected from a wastewater treatment plant located in Valencia . In addition four common types of polymers were used to assess the influence of reagent exposure on microparticle integrity . Peroxidation was effective in treating the studied effluents and was also identified as the ideal protocol for activated sludge . The analysis showed that the use of H,In addition four common types of polymers were used to assess the influence of reagent exposure on microparticle integrity . This study investigated three protocols of chemical digestion prior to analysis of microplastics one directed to the effluents using peroxidation and two for activated sludge . The analysis showed that the use of H833832,For flexible capacitive energy storage units in wearable devices areal metrics such as areal capacitance and energy density are exceptionally important because of limitations on device volume and weight . One dimensional carbon nanofibers composited with active metal oxides such as cobalt monoxide possess extraordinary electrochemical properties . However low areal metrics and the polarity in the flexible asymmetric supercapacitor device are two crucial challenges . Herein vanadium cobalt oxides on carbon nanofibers are purposely designed and fabricated by electrospinning and controllable post calcination which can be used as a binder free non polarity membrane electrode for the assembly of high performance flexible supercapacitor . Importantly the rational incorporation of vanadium with varying valence states helps promote the formation of CoO phase enriches the reaction sites and enhances the capability of local electron transport . As expected the single electrode of VCO CNFs yields an extraordinarily high areal capacitance of 1.83Fcm,Importantly the rational incorporation of vanadium with varying valence states helps promote the formation of CoO phase enriches the reaction sites and enhances the capability of local electron transport . As expected the single electrode of VCO CNFs yields an extraordinarily high areal capacitance of 1.83Fcm However low areal metrics and the polarity in the flexible asymmetric supercapacitor device are two crucial challenges .834833,It is a very important task of searching for novel hole transporting materials along with effective building blocks on the way towards commercialization of the perovskite solar cells . 9 10 Dihydrophenanthrene is a rigid conjugated system whose skeleton is closely analogous to the widely used fluorene unit in developing HTMs . Herein for the first time DHP employed as a promising building block in the construction of HTMs for PSCs is presented . Two readily available DHP cored small molecules namely K DHP 1 and K DHP 2 were synthesized and characterized . An attractive bridged ketal pattern of the two molecules was revealed by the X ray crystallography of K DHP 2 . Afterwards the two compounds were applied as HTMs in conventional PSCs with a FA,An attractive bridged ketal pattern of the two molecules was revealed by the X ray crystallography of K DHP 2 . Herein for the first time DHP employed as a promising building block in the construction of HTMs for PSCs is presented . It is a very important task of searching for novel hole transporting materials along with effective building blocks on the way towards commercialization of the perovskite solar cells .835834,A spray coating based on an adsorbent polyvinyl alcohol borax complex was developed to remove radioactive cesium from surfaces by adsorption for wide area surface decontamination . Two aqueous solutions of borax and PVA containing adsorbents namely Prussian blue bentonite and sulfur zeolite were simultaneously sprayed on surfaces which subsequently self generated a gel like coating via a borate diol ester bond between borax and PVA . The spray coating adhered adequately to vertical surfaces for at least 1h due to its good viscoelasticity and displayed,The spray coating adhered adequately to vertical surfaces for at least 1h due to its good viscoelasticity and displayed A spray coating based on an adsorbent polyvinyl alcohol borax complex was developed to remove radioactive cesium from surfaces by adsorption for wide area surface decontamination . Two aqueous solutions of borax and PVA containing adsorbents namely Prussian blue bentonite and sulfur zeolite were simultaneously sprayed on surfaces which subsequently self generated a gel like coating via a borate diol ester bond between borax and PVA .836835,The exploitation of economical efficient and durable electrocatalysts toward the hydrogen evolution reaction is of far reaching significance for the scalable implementation of the water electrolysis technology and associated sustainable energy devices . The rational design of high efficiency HER catalysts requires the overall consideration of both thermodynamic and kinetic aspects . Herein we demonstrated a feasible synthesis of urchin like N doped Ni,The exploitation of economical efficient and durable electrocatalysts toward the hydrogen evolution reaction is of far reaching significance for the scalable implementation of the water electrolysis technology and associated sustainable energy devices . The rational design of high efficiency HER catalysts requires the overall consideration of both thermodynamic and kinetic aspects . Herein we demonstrated a feasible synthesis of urchin like N doped Ni837836,The aim of this study was to determine the association between levels of residential surrounding greenness preschool children s park use sedentary behaviour and mental and general health . This cross sectional study included 1489 4 6 year old children residents of Kaunas city Lithuania . Responses to the questionnaires completed by parents were used to ascertain children s general and mental health . We estimated exposure to greenness by the normalised difference vegetation index and time spent in a park . We used multivariate logistic regression models to explore the independent associations between health outcomes and surrounding greenness and time spent in the nearest city park controlling for potential confounders . Of all the studied children 14 had poor perceived general health and 44.7 spent 5 or more hours per week in city parks . A significant increase in sedentary behaviour was observed in children with poor health . Every additional hour of time spent in parks was associated with decreased sedentary behaviour and a lower risk of poor health meanwhile lower residential greenness was associated with poorer mental and general health . Compared with NDVI 100m median and park use exceeding 5h per week lower greenness exposure and shorter park usage were associated with the risk of poor health and the general risk of mental difficulties in 46 year old children . Lower residential greenness levels and less time spent in a park were associated with poorer general and mental health among 4 6 year old children . Physical activity in green spaces is recommended as a measure to prevent poor general and mental health among children .,The aim of this study was to determine the association between levels of residential surrounding greenness preschool children s park use sedentary behaviour and mental and general health . Compared with NDVI 100m median and park use exceeding 5h per week lower greenness exposure and shorter park usage were associated with the risk of poor health and the general risk of mental difficulties in 46 year old children . Of all the studied children 14 had poor perceived general health and 44.7 spent 5 or more hours per week in city parks .838837,Studies have suggested that phthalates may be a risk factor for microalbuminuria whereas little is known regarding their nephrotoxic effects on adults . We enrolled 311 participants who provided questionnaire information as well as blood and urine samples from a nationally cross sectional study . Urinary phthalate metabolites were analyzed through liquid chromatographytandem mass spectrometry . From the renal function index we measured the serum level of blood urea nitrogen and the urinary levels of microalbumin albumin protein and creatinine . We used multiple logistic regressions and a cumulative risk assessment of renal effect to evaluate the relationship between phthalate exposure and renal function in our participants .,We used multiple logistic regressions and a cumulative risk assessment of renal effect to evaluate the relationship between phthalate exposure and renal function in our participants . From the renal function index we measured the serum level of blood urea nitrogen and the urinary levels of microalbumin albumin protein and creatinine . Urinary phthalate metabolites were analyzed through liquid chromatographytandem mass spectrometry .839838,Among live births Down syndrome due to trisomy 21 is the most commonly occurring autosomal trisomy typically resulting from meiotic nondisjunction . Currently advanced maternal age and altered recombination patterns are the only well known risk factors for nondisjunction . Maternal occupation has not been investigated as a risk factor for maternally derived cases of trisomy 21 . This study explored the association between maternal occupation and chromosome 21 nondisjunction stratified by the stage of maternal error either Meiosis I or Meiosis II . Additionally we investigated specific toxic agents associated with occupation classes . Using narrative job descriptions from the National Down Syndrome Project a population based case control study occupation was coded using the 2010 Standard Occupational Classification . Odds ratios were calculated for the association between occupation class and having a child with DS stratified by meiotic stage . An exposure analysis was performed within occupational classes that were statistically significant predictors of having a child with DS . Odds ratios were calculated to analyze associations between individual exposures and having a child with DS . The odds of MII nondisjunction were increased among Production Workers . Women who worked as Life Physical and Social Scientists or in Food Preparation and Serving Related Occupations experienced greater likelihood of MI errors and OR 1.87 respectively . Exposure to solvents within the Production Worker group was a significant predictor for MI nondisjunction . No other environmental agents had a significant association with nondisjunction . Specific maternal occupation classes were associated with MI and MII chromosome 21 nondisjunction . These occupation classes were selected for an exposure analysis which determined solvents as highly predictive of MI nondisjunction among Production Workers . Findings from this analysis will serve to further explore the relationship between maternal occupation and chromosome 21 nondisjunction .,Odds ratios were calculated for the association between occupation class and having a child with DS stratified by meiotic stage . The odds of MII nondisjunction were increased among Production Workers . Currently advanced maternal age and altered recombination patterns are the only well known risk factors for nondisjunction .840839,Residential green space may improve human health for example by promoting physical activity and by reducing stress . Conversely residential green space may increase stress by emitting aeroallergens and exacerbating allergic disease . Here we examine impacts of exposure to residential green space on distress in the susceptible subpopulation of adults sensitized to tree pollen allergens . In a panel study of 88 tree pollen allergy patients we analyzed self reported mental health perceived presence of allergenic trees near the residence and residential green space area within 1km distance and low green . Results were adjusted for patients background data and compared with distress in the general population . Short term distress was higher in the study population than in the general population . Residential green space had protective effects against short term distress low green per 10ha OR 0.85 . However distress was higher in patients who reported perceived presence of allergenic trees near their residence . Perceived presence of allergenic tree species in the neighbourhood of the residence of tree pollen allergy patients modulates the protective effect of residential green space against distress during the airborne tree pollen season .,Short term distress was higher in the study population than in the general population . However distress was higher in patients who reported perceived presence of allergenic trees near their residence . Perceived presence of allergenic tree species in the neighbourhood of the residence of tree pollen allergy patients modulates the protective effect of residential green space against distress during the airborne tree pollen season .841840,New Jersey residents in some areas may be exposed to perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances due to PFAS contamination of public drinking water . This contamination stems from industrial discharges and the use of aqueous film foaming foams at military bases and commercial airports for drills and locations where fires occurred . Exposure to PFAS has raised significant public health concerns due to its persistence both in the environment and human body . The potential toxicity of these chemicals may pose risks to human health . Statewide biomonitoring data is needed to establish a baseline of exposure and to identify the subpopulations at risk . The NJ Department of Health conducted a statewide NJ Biomonitoring study for PFAS utilizing a cost effective sampling approach i.e . acquiring remnant sera from both clinical laboratories and blood banks across NJ . This convenience sampling approach was adopted as an alternative to a costly and labor intensive probability based population sampling . One thousand and thirty human sera were collected from NJ adults between 20 and 74 years of age from 2016 to 2018 with additional information of county sex and age . The serum collection was demographically and geographically dispersed across four seasons . Twelve PFAS analytes were measured for the specimens collected . The data were post stratified by county sex and age groups . Stratified individual sample weights were developed and used to estimate population means compare least squared mean differences and examine contributing variables . Geometric means and percentiles with 95 confidence intervals of the target analytes are presented providing preliminary baselines of the statewide PFAS exposure for NJ adults . PFOA PFNA PFHxS and PFOS were selected for in depth analyses because their GMs were greater than 0.5ng mL and they were detected over 99 in study population . Subjects from this study had higher serum levels of PFOA PFNA and PFHxS compared to the general U.S. population reported by the latest National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey . However the distributions of PFOA PFNA PFHxS and PFOS across sex and age groups were consistent with the patterns found in NHANES i.e . all differed by sex and age group . Further sex and age stratification showed significantly lower concentrations of the 4 analytes in younger females than in older females and males . Future research is needed to identify PFAS exposure sources and to develop effective intervention strategies . Continuing PFAS biomonitoring using population sampling is recommended for tracking trends and better identifying subpopulations at risk .,Statewide biomonitoring data is needed to establish a baseline of exposure and to identify the subpopulations at risk . Subjects from this study had higher serum levels of PFOA PFNA and PFHxS compared to the general U.S. population reported by the latest National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey . Geometric means and percentiles with 95 confidence intervals of the target analytes are presented providing preliminary baselines of the statewide PFAS exposure for NJ adults .842841,To investigate if ischemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease is associated with long term occupational exposure to ultrafine particles outdoors at an airport . This is a register based follow up study based on a cohort comprising an exposed group of 6515 men employed in unskilled work at Copenhagen Airport and a reference group of 61 617 men in unskilled work in other firms in greater Copenhagen during 19902012 . The exposure was assessed from information on proportion of time spent on the airport apron for each calendar year and the primary exposure measure was cumulated apron years . The cohort was merged to the National Patient Register that includes data on all contacts to public and private hospitals in Denmark and the Register of Causes of Death . Risk estimates were provided by Poisson regression and adjusted for age calendar year and educational level . We found no associations between cumulative apron years and IHD or cerebrovascular disease when adjusted for confounders . In this large cohort study we found no association between outdoor occupational exposure to UFP and IHD and cerebrovascular disease .,The cohort was merged to the National Patient Register that includes data on all contacts to public and private hospitals in Denmark and the Register of Causes of Death . The exposure was assessed from information on proportion of time spent on the airport apron for each calendar year and the primary exposure measure was cumulated apron years . In this large cohort study we found no association between outdoor occupational exposure to UFP and IHD and cerebrovascular disease .843842,This study assessed the presence of 27 pharmaceutically active compounds belonging to common therapeutic groups in the tissues of representative seafood species of bivalves cephalopods arthropods and fish of high economic importance and consumption rates in North Western Spain . Four pharmaceutical compounds out of the 27 analyzed were detected in the collected samples . The benzodiazepine citalopram was detected in the tissues of common octopus 14.1ngg,The benzodiazepine citalopram was detected in the tissues of common octopus 14.1ngg Four pharmaceutical compounds out of the 27 analyzed were detected in the collected samples . This study assessed the presence of 27 pharmaceutically active compounds belonging to common therapeutic groups in the tissues of representative seafood species of bivalves cephalopods arthropods and fish of high economic importance and consumption rates in North Western Spain .844843,Exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls in buildings constructed with PCB containing materials can lead to increased body burden of PCB for building users . Exposure to PCB from building related sources was assessed by measuring PCB in serum and hand wipes in two groups of tenants living in the same building estate in apartments constructed with and without PCB . The median serum levels of the sum of 19 PCB congeners was 777ng g lw for the exposed group and 282ng g lw for the reference group . The congener pattern in serum of the exposed was shifted towards lower chlorinated congeners and was dominated by tri and tetrachlorinated congeners . The largest difference in serum levels between the groups was observed for PCB 28 with median levels of the exposed being 70 times higher than in the reference group . For very persistent lower chlorinated congeners like PCB 28 66 and 74 an increase with residence times was observed as a result of accumulation over time . Less persistent congeners such as PCB 44 and 70 were also elevated in the exposed group but independent of residence time . The less persistent congeners can therefore be used as markers of recent exposure to original PCB sources . The hand wipes also showed a large exposure contrast e.g . PCB 28 being more than 60 times higher in the exposed group compared to the reference group and no overlap between the groups . All measured di to pentaPCB congeners were significantly higher in hand wipes from the exposed group compared with the reference group . Thus hand wipes seem to be a good non invasive screening tool for ongoing indoor exposure to PCB . Furthermore the measured level of PCB on hand wipes was significantly correlated to PCB in blood for almost all congeners . In conclusion PCB exposure in contaminated buildings can contribute significantly to the exposure and total body burden of PCB and the lower chlorinated congeners can make up the majority of the total PCB body burden .,The median serum levels of the sum of 19 PCB congeners was 777ng g lw for the exposed group and 282ng g lw for the reference group . The largest difference in serum levels between the groups was observed for PCB 28 with median levels of the exposed being 70 times higher than in the reference group . The congener pattern in serum of the exposed was shifted towards lower chlorinated congeners and was dominated by tri and tetrachlorinated congeners .845844,Exposure to occupational noise might increase the risk of hypertension . However limited cohort studies have investigated the relationship between time varying exposure to occupational noise and the development of hypertension . We conducted a 17 year cohort study involving 2459 workers to assess the relationship between time varying exposure to occupational noise and incident hypertension in the aerospace industry . We performed an extended Cox proportional hazard model considering occupational noise exposure as time varying covariates . Furthermore we employed the distributed lag nonlinear models to examine the exposure response relationship . In the extended Cox proportional model as workers were exposed to noise over 80 dBA the hazard ratios of hypertension significantly increased with a noise increase of 5 dBA . In exposure response associations the HRs of hypertension steadily increased between noise levels of 82 and 106 dBA . After additionally adjusting for personal protection equipment the HRs decreased dramatically between 107 and 124 dBA . Our study refined the exposure assessment by integrating time varying exposures to occupational noise and taking work history into consideration . Our findings suggested that workers exposed to noise levels between 82 and 106 dBA for 317 years may increase the risk of hypertension with a non linear exposure response pattern . We further provided evidence that workers wearing PPE could effectively reduce noise exposure and avoid the development of hypertension .,Furthermore we employed the distributed lag nonlinear models to examine the exposure response relationship . We conducted a 17 year cohort study involving 2459 workers to assess the relationship between time varying exposure to occupational noise and incident hypertension in the aerospace industry . We further provided evidence that workers wearing PPE could effectively reduce noise exposure and avoid the development of hypertension .846845,The Korean government implemented partial smoke free regulations in hospitality venues 150m Data from the Korean National Environmental Health Survey II a nationally representative cross sectional study were used . In total 4218 non smoking adults were selected based on questionnaires and urinary cotinine concentrations . Linear trend tests of urinary cotinine over time and socio demographic factors associated with urinary cotinine in 2014 were examined based on weighted linear regression models . Overall the covariate adjusted least square geometric mean concentrations of urinary cotinine were 2.95g g creatinine in 2012 1.54g g Cr in 2013 and 1.47g g Cr in 2014 a significant decrease during 20122014 . Urinary cotinine concentrations decreased significantly during 20122014 in most socio demographic subgroups . However concentrations in adults who worked in hospitality venues including restaurants bars cafes fast food franchises and bakeries remained unchanged . Data from 2014 when smoke free regulations were implemented in hospitality venues 100m Overall urinary cotinine concentrations of Korean non smoking adults decreased during 20122014 . However implementation of partial smoke free regulations in hospitality venues was not effective in reducing secondhand smoke exposure in workers at hospitality venues .,Overall the covariate adjusted least square geometric mean concentrations of urinary cotinine were 2.95g g creatinine in 2012 1.54g g Cr in 2013 and 1.47g g Cr in 2014 a significant decrease during 20122014 . In total 4218 non smoking adults were selected based on questionnaires and urinary cotinine concentrations . The Korean government implemented partial smoke free regulations in hospitality venues 150m Data from the Korean National Environmental Health Survey II a nationally representative cross sectional study were used .847846,The application of Water Safety Plans in China varies throughout the country . Although pilot WSP projects in China were initiated shortly after WSP was introduced by the World Health Organization in 2004 they have yet to be used for water supply facilities at a large scale . To better understand the evolution of WSP application in China a systematic review was conducted to identify all published WSP related studies in China . Eighteen studies which included 311 water systems were included in the final analysis . Risk matrix water supply risk factors and other data were extracted and analyzed . Text mining methods were also used to better understand risks that can be addressed by WSPs . This study revealed a number of noteworthy differences between and among urban and rural water systems in China . The primary risks associated with most urban water supply systems tended to be related to mechanical failure s in the water treatment process . Rural water supply systems appear to suffer from similar problems but insufficient overall management capacity was more prevalent in rural systems . Overall the evidence suggests that to date the use of WSPs in China has been primarily limited to pilot studies and full implementation of WSPs in China appears to still be in the early stages . The paper closes with a summary of the key obstacles identified as well as a discussion of policies and technical options which could increase the use of WSPs in both urban and rural China . Among other recommendations the data indicate that there is strong need for the development and implementation of a simplified WSP approach designed specifically for small rural systems in China .,Among other recommendations the data indicate that there is strong need for the development and implementation of a simplified WSP approach designed specifically for small rural systems in China . The paper closes with a summary of the key obstacles identified as well as a discussion of policies and technical options which could increase the use of WSPs in both urban and rural China . The application of Water Safety Plans in China varies throughout the country .848847,Recently in South Africa wastewater treatment plants have come under scrutiny because of increased reports of their ineffectiveness to treat wastewater adequately . This study focused on assessing potential health risks for humans exposed to concentrations of heavy metals in river systems that receive effluents from wastewater treatment plants in the Maluti a Phofung municipality . Untreated influents and treated effluents from two plants one in the town of Phuthaditjhaba the other in the town of Harrismith were analysed for heavy metals . Water samples were also collected from the Elands and the Wilge Rivers which receive effluents from the treatment plants in Phuthaditjhaba and Harrismith respectively . All samples were analysed for heavy metals Iron Magnesium Manganese Zinc Copper Chromium Nickel Lead Cobalt Arsenic Cadmium using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry . The probabilistic human health risk was estimated using the Total Hazard quotient and Monte Carlo techniques . The results showed that there was no significant difference between treated and untreated wastewater in the concentration of heavy metals for both wastewater treatment plants using the student T test . This indicated the inability of both treatment plants to remove metal contaminants adequately . Projections of non cancer risk for metals in river water samples indicated a high potential for non cancer risk for humans upon exposure via ingestion with Arsenic being a significant contributor to overall risk . The results of this study underscore the need for improved wastewater treatment facilities in this region in order to ensure ecosystem integrity and public health safety .,The results showed that there was no significant difference between treated and untreated wastewater in the concentration of heavy metals for both wastewater treatment plants using the student T test . The results of this study underscore the need for improved wastewater treatment facilities in this region in order to ensure ecosystem integrity and public health safety . The probabilistic human health risk was estimated using the Total Hazard quotient and Monte Carlo techniques .849848,The German Environmental Survey for Children and Adolescents 20142017 investigated the current internal exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides . These analyses were carried out for a population representative sub sample of 1135 children and adolescents of all 2394 GerES V participants .,The German Environmental Survey for Children and Adolescents 20142017 investigated the current internal exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides . These analyses were carried out for a population representative sub sample of 1135 children and adolescents of all 2394 GerES V participants .850849,Evidence of negative health effects of solid waste management is uncertain . Available reviews suggests the use of biomarkers in human biomonitoring to detect low exposure levels . In September 2013 a waste to energy plant located in the Turin went into operation . The SPoTT monitoring program was set up to assess the potential health impact caused by the plant . The paper illustrates the results of HBM of metals in the workers before the plant went into operation and then at 1 year and 3 years . This study is one of the few focusing on workers with a longitudinal design .,The paper illustrates the results of HBM of metals in the workers before the plant went into operation and then at 1 year and 3 years . This study is one of the few focusing on workers with a longitudinal design . Available reviews suggests the use of biomarkers in human biomonitoring to detect low exposure levels .851850,As part of an investigation of the total indoor exposure of residents in PCB contaminated apartments in a building estate in Denmark 73 homes were visited . Samples of air vacuum cleaner dust and surface wipes were taken and analysed for 15 PCB congeners . The 53 apartments located in high rise buildings with indoor PCB containing sealants showed significant elevated total concentrations of PCB in air dust and surface wipes compared to 20 reference homes . The average concentration in exposed homes was 2330ng PCB,The average concentration in exposed homes was 2330ng PCB Samples of air vacuum cleaner dust and surface wipes were taken and analysed for 15 PCB congeners . As part of an investigation of the total indoor exposure of residents in PCB contaminated apartments in a building estate in Denmark 73 homes were visited .852851,The water safety plan approach integrates risk assessment and management practices into a drinking water supply system ensuring water quality from the catchment to the consumer . This research was oriented toward the development and implementation of a WSP in the DWSS for the city of Santiago de Cali Colombia . We adapted the methodological stages of the WSP established by the World Health Organization assemble a WSP team describe the existing DWSS identify hazards and hazardous events evaluate risks and plan risk management . In this methodological structure we propose the use of different risk assessment tools at each step of DWSS which can be implemented in water systems of different sizes . The results of our study allowed the identification of hazardous events that may compromise the effectiveness of the WSP Of the 103 events found 16 were related to the catchment 40 to treatment processes 27 to the distribution system and 9 to consumers while the remaining 11 were associated with organizational planning contingency and emergency factors . We found that the most critical components of the DWSS are the distribution system and the consumers with 29.6 and 33.3 of the hazardous events classified as at a very high risk level respectively . Clearly improvement and support programs for the WSP were needed to optimize existing control measures and corrective actions and to evaluate new ones to reduce risk levels . The treatment processes and distribution system steps were shown as the main barriers of the DWSS mainly they are under governance of water company unlike the catchment and consumers which presented higher levels of risk because in these steps the water company has less control and influence . Our research confirms that the WSP is an important tool for decision making by water service companiesimproving their administrative financial organizational and operational management . It also shows that it is essential that their senior management and other stakeholders be part of the WSP team at each stage of implementation of the DWSS .,This research was oriented toward the development and implementation of a WSP in the DWSS for the city of Santiago de Cali Colombia . We found that the most critical components of the DWSS are the distribution system and the consumers with 29.6 and 33.3 of the hazardous events classified as at a very high risk level respectively . In this methodological structure we propose the use of different risk assessment tools at each step of DWSS which can be implemented in water systems of different sizes .853852,To evaluate the association between potential exposure to different pollen concentrations at the 11th fetal week and subsequent clinical atopic diseases . Parents of 1 to 4 year old children returned a questionnaire regarding physician diagnosed atopic diseases . The children were born between 2001 and 2005 in the province of South Karelia Finland . Results of allergy tests were collected from patient records in the area . The prevalence of atopic diseases with sensitisation was higher in children whose 11th fetal week occurred during pollen rather than non pollen season atopic eczema 6.3 vs. 4.3 food allergy 5.7 vs. 3.9 respiratory allergy or asthma 3.7 vs. 2.2 and any atopic diseases 7.4 vs. 5.5 respectively . Respectively the prevalence was higher in the children exposed to high rather than low tree pollen concentrations 1000 vs. 10 particles m Coincidence of potential exposure to high tree pollen concentrations at the 11th fetal week is associated with subsequent clinical atopic diseases with sensitisation .,The children were born between 2001 and 2005 in the province of South Karelia Finland . Respectively the prevalence was higher in the children exposed to high rather than low tree pollen concentrations 1000 vs. 10 particles m Coincidence of potential exposure to high tree pollen concentrations at the 11th fetal week is associated with subsequent clinical atopic diseases with sensitisation . Results of allergy tests were collected from patient records in the area .854853,Manganese is an essential element diet being its main source . Some epidemiological studies have found that a prenatal excess of Mn could negatively affect neuropsychological development during infancy but the evidence is inconclusive . The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between maternal serum Mn concentrations and child neuropsychological development assessed at 1 year of age . study subjects were 1179 motherchild pairs from two Spanish cohorts of the INMA Project . Mn was measured in serum samples collected during the first trimester of pregnancy . Child neuropsychological development was assessed using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development composed of both mental and psychomotor scales . Sociodemographic lifestyle and dietary information was collected through questionnaires during pregnancy and during the child s first year of life . Serum Mn was log 2 transformed . Multivariable linear regression models were built . Generalized additive models were used to assess the shape of the relation between prenatal exposure to Mn and the neuropsychological test scores . geometric mean and 95 confidence interval of maternal serum Mn was 1.50 g L. Levels of Mn were higher among non working mothers and in those with a higher consumption of nuts . The association between maternal Mn levels and child neuropsychological development was negative in the multivariable models for the mental 0.39 and psychomotor scales 0.92 although the coefficients were not statistically significant . The best shape describing the relationship between Mn and the Bayley scales was linear in both cases . This study shows a null association between maternal prenatal levels of Mn and neuropsychological development at one year after birth in two cohorts within the INMA study .,The best shape describing the relationship between Mn and the Bayley scales was linear in both cases . Generalized additive models were used to assess the shape of the relation between prenatal exposure to Mn and the neuropsychological test scores . The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between maternal serum Mn concentrations and child neuropsychological development assessed at 1 year of age .855854,During the population representative German Environmental Survey of Children and Adolescents 2256 first morning void urine samples from 3 to 17 years old children and adolescents were analysed for 21 metabolites of 11 different phthalates di ethyl phthalate butylbenzyl phthalate di iso butyl phthalate di n butyl phthalate di cyclohexyl phthalate di n pentyl phthalate di phthalate di iso nonyl phthalate di iso decyl phthalate and di n octyl phthalate .,During the population representative German Environmental Survey of Children and Adolescents 2256 first morning void urine samples from 3 to 17 years old children and adolescents were analysed for 21 metabolites of 11 different phthalates di ethyl phthalate butylbenzyl phthalate di iso butyl phthalate di n butyl phthalate di cyclohexyl phthalate di n pentyl phthalate di phthalate di iso nonyl phthalate di iso decyl phthalate and di n octyl phthalate .856855,bacteria can colonise and proliferate in water systems in the built environment and can be spread by aerosol generation . If inhaled by a susceptible individual this can lead to respiratory infections such as Legionnaires Disease or the generally milder Pontiac fever . Evaporative cooling systems including cooling towers used in industrial processes to dissipate excessive heat are prone to contamination by,bacteria can colonise and proliferate in water systems in the built environment and can be spread by aerosol generation . Evaporative cooling systems including cooling towers used in industrial processes to dissipate excessive heat are prone to contamination by If inhaled by a susceptible individual this can lead to respiratory infections such as Legionnaires Disease or the generally milder Pontiac fever .857856,Glycol ethers are an oxygenated solvent family widely present in consumer products . Some of them are recognized reproductive developmental or hematological toxicants . Although several glycol ether biomonitoring studies have been performed on adults from working or general populations no studies have hitherto been carried out on children . The aim of our study was to explore the detection of glycol ether metabolites in the urinary samples of 6 year old children and if any were found to describe them .,The aim of our study was to explore the detection of glycol ether metabolites in the urinary samples of 6 year old children and if any were found to describe them . Some of them are recognized reproductive developmental or hematological toxicants . Glycol ethers are an oxygenated solvent family widely present in consumer products .858857,In most cases urban Wastewater Treatment Plants only partially abate pollutants occurring in the influent . Treated effluents can thus contain a complex mixture of ecotoxic pollutants such as heavy metals detergents disinfectants plasticizers pharmaceuticals residues or pesticides . In this context Ecotoxicological Risk Assessment provide essential decision making tools to public authorities for establishing environmental policies and conducting territorial planning . The present work aims to develop a territorial scale ERA methodology using two complementary approaches based on a Risk Quotient calculation the first based on the risk linked to each individual pollutant the second considering all pollutants present and the cocktail effect . This research was performed at 33 urban WWTPs of in a highly urbanized part of France . Initial minimum median and maximum pollutant concentrations in treated effluents were obtained from a literature review of physico chemical analysis studies to reconstitute typical effluents . The classical approach identified the riskiest substances and showed the risks for each WWTP . The mixture ERA approach revealed new risks which were not highlighted in the classical ERA approach thus increasing the number of WWTPs identified as at risk . This study shows the importance of accounting for the cocktail effect which is not considered in current regulatory decisions . Finally this methodology allowed us to identify the riskiest situations that could worsen in the context of climate change .,This study shows the importance of accounting for the cocktail effect which is not considered in current regulatory decisions . The present work aims to develop a territorial scale ERA methodology using two complementary approaches based on a Risk Quotient calculation the first based on the risk linked to each individual pollutant the second considering all pollutants present and the cocktail effect . Finally this methodology allowed us to identify the riskiest situations that could worsen in the context of climate change .859858,Identifying the origin of fecal contamination can support more effective interventions to interrupt enteric pathogen transmission . Microbial source tracking assays may help to identify environmental routes of pathogen transmission although these assays have performed poorly in highly contaminated domestic settings highlighting the importance of both diagnostic validation and understanding the context specific ecological physical and sociodemographic factors driving the spread of fecal contamination . We assessed fecal contamination of compounds in low income neighborhoods of urban Maputo Mozambique using a set of MST assays that were validated with animal stool and latrine sludge from study compounds . We sampled five environmental compartments involved in fecal microbe transmission and exposure compound water source household stored water and food preparation surfaces and soil from the entrance to the compound latrine and the entrances to each household . Each sample was analyzed by culture for the general fecal indicator,Identifying the origin of fecal contamination can support more effective interventions to interrupt enteric pathogen transmission . We assessed fecal contamination of compounds in low income neighborhoods of urban Maputo Mozambique using a set of MST assays that were validated with animal stool and latrine sludge from study compounds . Each sample was analyzed by culture for the general fecal indicator860859,Smoking is an independent cause of cervical cancer which is the 4th most common malignancy in women . It is currently not known if tobacco consumption causes chromosomal damage in cervical cells and if age and the hormonal status have an impact on tobacco induced genetic instability in the cervix . We conducted a study with pre and post menopausal women smokers and never smokers . Smokers consumed 30 light medium cigarettes day and were matched with the non smoking group . Cervical cells were analyzed for induction of micronuclei which are caused by structural numerical chromosomal aberrations additionally other nuclear anomalies reflecting genomic instability and cytotoxicity were scored . Furthermore the frequencies of basal cells were recorded which reflect the mitotic activity of the mucosa . MN and other abnormalities were increased in both groups of smokers . The effects were most pronounced in postmenopausal smokers compared to premenopausal smokers . Also the number of basal cells was clearly enhanced in older women . Tar and nicotine had no detectable impact on chromosomal damage but a clear association with pack years was observed . Smoking increased chromosomal instability cytotoxicity and induced cell divisions in cervical mucosa cells of pre and post menopausal women . The effects were more pronounced in the latter group indicating a higher risk for diseases that are causally related to DNA damage .,Also the number of basal cells was clearly enhanced in older women . The effects were more pronounced in the latter group indicating a higher risk for diseases that are causally related to DNA damage . Furthermore the frequencies of basal cells were recorded which reflect the mitotic activity of the mucosa .861860,The recycling of end of life vessels is a complex activity that generates an enormous amount of hazardous waste including asbestos containing materials . Efforts by the Government of India to comply with national and international regulations and improved standard operating procedures are expected to lower the exposure risk of the workforce to hazardous substances including asbestos . The current workers are likely to face lesser risks than did those exposed in the past . The present study assesses the health risks from past exposure of asbestos for those workers engaged in handling and removing ACM in ship recycling yards before environmentally sound recycling of obsolete ships was introduced in the early 2000s . Estimates were made of the number of workers exposed and the intensity of exposure and these data were used to estimate the likely number of mesothelioma deaths in the future . It was estimated that nearly 15 of the total workforce engaged in ship recycling will suffer from mesothelioma which translates to about 4 513 mesothelioma deaths among the total of 31 000 workers estimated to be ever employed in the yards from 1994 till 2002 . Recommendations are made for a practical approach to the safe handling of ACMs in Indian ship recycling yards .,Estimates were made of the number of workers exposed and the intensity of exposure and these data were used to estimate the likely number of mesothelioma deaths in the future . Recommendations are made for a practical approach to the safe handling of ACMs in Indian ship recycling yards . The current workers are likely to face lesser risks than did those exposed in the past .862861,Diarrhoeal disease is common and imposes substantial health and economic burdens across the globe especially in the African and Southeast Asian regions . Besides causing high mortality and morbidity diarrhoeal disease has also been associated with growth and cognitive shortfalls in children in low resource settings . Extreme weather events brought about by climate change may increase diarrhoeal disease and impact vulnerable populations in countries regardless of levels of development . We examined the seasonal and climatic influences of acute diarrhoeal disease reports in Singapore a city state located in Southeast Asia . We used a time series analysis adjusting for time varying potential confounders in a negative binomial regression model and fitting fractional polynomials to investigate the relationship between climatic factors and reported diarrhoeal disease . We included 1 798 198 reports of diarrhoeal disease from 2005 to 2018 . We observed annual trimodal peaks in the number of reports . Every 10 increase in relative humidity in the present week was positively associated with an increase in reports one week later 1.030 95 CI 1.0041.057 and negatively associated with a decrease in reports six weeks later . We observed effect modification of relative humidity on the risk of diarrhoeal disease in the first calendar quarter . There was weak evidence of a delayed effect of ambient air temperature on reports of diarrhoeal disease one week later . No threshold effects of climatic factors were observed . Each week of school holidays was associated with a 14.4 reduction in diarrhoeal disease reports . Public holidays were associated with a reduction in reports in the same week and an increase a week later . Diarrhoeal disease is highly seasonal and is associated with climate variability . Food safety and primary healthcare resource mitigation could be timed in anticipation of seasonal and climate driven increases in disease reports .,We observed effect modification of relative humidity on the risk of diarrhoeal disease in the first calendar quarter . We observed annual trimodal peaks in the number of reports . We examined the seasonal and climatic influences of acute diarrhoeal disease reports in Singapore a city state located in Southeast Asia .863862,Enteropathogen contamination of water resources is a global concern . Several sources and routes of pathogen contamination of water resources have been identified including agriculture . Land spreading or disposal of manure livestock wastes is a notable source of public health relevant microorganisms into water . Microorganisms can be transported from manure amended soils into water from where they can reach animals and humans and may cause infection . This review explores the public health relevance of manure borne pathogens highlighting some of the diseases that manure associated pathogens cause . It also examines the dynamics of overland transport of pathogens into surface waters and percolation through soils into groundwater . Factors that influence the survival and transport of pathogens into respective water resources are discussed . The actual number of pathogens shed pathogen release rate requisite flow conditions precipitation characteristics and pathogen inactivation potential are some general factors examined in this review . Pathogen adaptation and survival in the soil environment is extensively discussed because soils significantly influence pathogen transfer into water . In addition to soil characteristics environmental variables such as moisture temperature and pH as well as soil biology are relevant aspects considered herein . Manure and farm management practices such as manure source and type storage and treatment also influence the occurrence survival and transport potential of pathogens . Optimized and recommended manure treatment techniques like composting which has been demonstrated to satisfactorily inactivate enteric pathogens in manure are discussed . The need for proper composting by observing recommended manuring stipulations is emphasized and finally practical strategies to protect water resources from pathogenic contamination are elucidated .,Factors that influence the survival and transport of pathogens into respective water resources are discussed . It also examines the dynamics of overland transport of pathogens into surface waters and percolation through soils into groundwater . This review explores the public health relevance of manure borne pathogens highlighting some of the diseases that manure associated pathogens cause .864863,Despite the positive association between secondhand smoke and cardiovascular diseases no comprehensive assessment on the dose response relationship between SHS and CVD has yet been reported . Therefore a meta analysis was conducted to update the binary association and to elucidate the dose response relationship of both self reported and objectively measured SHS exposure with CVD . PubMed and Embase databases were searched for articles published up to November 12 2019 . Random effects models were used to assess the summary odds ratios of CVD with SHS exposure . Restricted cubic splines were used to fit the dose response relationship . Fifty five eligible observational studies were included in this meta analysis to investigate the association between SHS exposure and CVD . Based on the meta analysis the pooled OR of CVD was 1.22 for the self reported SHS individuals as comparing to the non exposed group . The result of restricted cubic splines showed a risk plateau of SHS exposure at 15 cigarettes per day Exposure to SHS is associated with an increased risk of CVD regardless of the modes . And thus well enforced smoke free laws could possibly reduce a substantial risk of CVD caused by SHS .,Therefore a meta analysis was conducted to update the binary association and to elucidate the dose response relationship of both self reported and objectively measured SHS exposure with CVD . The result of restricted cubic splines showed a risk plateau of SHS exposure at 15 cigarettes per day Exposure to SHS is associated with an increased risk of CVD regardless of the modes . Restricted cubic splines were used to fit the dose response relationship .865864,The 5th cycle of the German Environmental Survey investigated the internal human exposure of children and adolescents aged 317 years in Germany to per and polyfluoroalkyl substances . The fieldwork of the population representative GerES V was performed from 2014 to 2017 .,The fieldwork of the population representative GerES V was performed from 2014 to 2017 . The 5th cycle of the German Environmental Survey investigated the internal human exposure of children and adolescents aged 317 years in Germany to per and polyfluoroalkyl substances .866865,2 Mercaptobenzothiazole is widely used as a vulcanisation accelerator and is contained in many products made from natural rubber e.g . car tires . Additionally it is used as a fungicide in paint or fibre . Systemically human exposure to 2 MBT can occur via dermal and oral uptake or inhalation . Locally 2 MBT can cause skin sensitisation . The International Agency for Research on Cancer classified 2 MBT as probably carcinogenic to humans .,The International Agency for Research on Cancer classified 2 MBT as probably carcinogenic to humans . car tires . Locally 2 MBT can cause skin sensitisation .867866,The phase out of polybrominated diphenyl ethers flame retardants has led to the rapid increase of alternatives such as phosphate flame retardants and plasticizers in many consumer products . Exposure to these additive chemicals is widespread and potentially harmful to humans and the environment . In the present study we assessed the exposure to PFRs through the analysis of metabolites in urine collected from 7 year old children from Hokkaido Japan between 2012 and 2017 . This allowed us to investigate temporal and seasonal trends for PFR metabolite concentrations and to study determinants of exposure . Thirteen metabolites of seven PFRs were measured in morning spot urine samples,In the present study we assessed the exposure to PFRs through the analysis of metabolites in urine collected from 7 year old children from Hokkaido Japan between 2012 and 2017 . This allowed us to investigate temporal and seasonal trends for PFR metabolite concentrations and to study determinants of exposure . Exposure to these additive chemicals is widespread and potentially harmful to humans and the environment .868867,Ensuring safe drinking water is the target of the Water Safety Plan approach which has been successfully applied to a large number of water supply systems around the world . Effective country wide scaling up of WSP implementation requires an enabling environment at the policy level .,Effective country wide scaling up of WSP implementation requires an enabling environment at the policy level . Ensuring safe drinking water is the target of the Water Safety Plan approach which has been successfully applied to a large number of water supply systems around the world .869868,Depression and anxiety have complex etiologies and are associated with a significant burden of disease . Although air pollution has been hypothesized as a possible risk factor of these disorders the associations are still under investigated . We aimed to analyze associations between long term exposure to ambient ozone and particulate matter with diameter 10m of 1.010 with 95 confidence interval for depression and an RR of 1.007 for anxiety . The effect estimates of PM Our findings indicate that increased levels of ambient ozone and PM,The effect estimates of PM Our findings indicate that increased levels of ambient ozone and PM We aimed to analyze associations between long term exposure to ambient ozone and particulate matter with diameter 10m of 1.010 with 95 confidence interval for depression and an RR of 1.007 for anxiety . Depression and anxiety have complex etiologies and are associated with a significant burden of disease .870869,Prenatal exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals may impair genital development and alter reproductive tract anatomy . Anogenital distance is a useful biomarker of exposure to chemicals that act as endocrine disruptors . We evaluated associations between prenatal and perinatal exposure to several persistent organic pollutants and AGD in 4 year old children . Data were drawn from the INMA Asturias cohort . Pediatricians measured the anofourchetal distance in female children and anoscrotal distance in male children . The anogenital index was defined as the AGD divided by the child s weight at age of examination . We measured the levels of two hexachlorocyclohexane isomers hexachlorobenzene dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and its metabolites six polychlorinated biphenyl congeners and six polybrominated diphenyl ether congeners in maternal serum at 12 gestational weeks and in cord blood serum . Anthropometric and parental sociodemographic variables were collected via face to face interviews . Linear regression models were used to evaluate the relationship between exposure to POPs and AGI adjusted for confounders and stratified by sex . In male children we found inverse associations between AGI and maternal concentrations of PCB 138 0.074 0.008 second tertile PCB 153 PCB 180 0.065 95 CI 0.096 0.035 second tertile 0.042 95 CI 0.073 0.011 third tertile PBDE 209 cord serum concentrations of PCB 153 and PCB 180 . In female children AGI was positively associated with maternal serum concentrations of PCB 101 and higher cord serum levels of 4 4 DDT and 4 4 DDE . Our findings provide evidence of associations between specific POPs and AGI in boys and girls aged 4 years and suggest that pre perinatal exposure to POPs has a feminizing effect in males and a masculinizing effect in females .,Linear regression models were used to evaluate the relationship between exposure to POPs and AGI adjusted for confounders and stratified by sex . In female children AGI was positively associated with maternal serum concentrations of PCB 101 and higher cord serum levels of 4 4 DDT and 4 4 DDE . The anogenital index was defined as the AGD divided by the child s weight at age of examination .871870,Soil is an important exposure pathway for lead and predictor of blood lead levels among children . Over the past two decades many areas within New York City have undergone a transition from industrial and manufacturing land use to residential housing . This can bring new residents to areas which contain the legacy of historic Pb contamination . The objective of this study was to evaluate the difference in soil Pb concentrations between community parks and greenspaces in areas undergoing rapid redevelopment and land use changes and stable areas without redevelopment . Three high and three low risk Pb contaminated areas within NYC were identified based on an additive index that included population growth industrial land use and new construction . Soil samples were collected across 34 parks and analyzed with an XRF with a subset also analyzed by ICP MS. Areas within NYC evaluated in this study with a high risk index had significantly larger mean concentrations of Pb in soil and double the rate of children under the age of six years with BLL 5ug dL compared to low risk areas . There was a statistically significant positive correlation between street density manufacturing industrial land density and population density change within 0.40 km of a park and soil Pb concentrations . However we were unable to estimate the source specific contribution of Pb concentrations in soil since many of the variables assessed were correlated with one another . Regardless of the source large population increases are occurring in areas with elevated soil Pb levels . In the three high risk areas investigated in this study the population has increased by over 35 000 residents between 2010 to 2017 compared to just 8 500 in the low risk areas .,Soil samples were collected across 34 parks and analyzed with an XRF with a subset also analyzed by ICP MS. Areas within NYC evaluated in this study with a high risk index had significantly larger mean concentrations of Pb in soil and double the rate of children under the age of six years with BLL 5ug dL compared to low risk areas . Regardless of the source large population increases are occurring in areas with elevated soil Pb levels . The objective of this study was to evaluate the difference in soil Pb concentrations between community parks and greenspaces in areas undergoing rapid redevelopment and land use changes and stable areas without redevelopment .872871,Pyrethroid pesticide use is increasing worldwide although the full extent of associated health effects is unknown . An epigenome wide association study with exploratory pathway analysis may help identify potential pyrethroid related health effects . We performed an exploratory EWAS of chronic ambient pyrethroid exposure using control participants blood in the Parkinson s Environment and Genes Study in the Central Valley of California . We estimated associations of living and working near agricultural pyrethroid pesticide applications in the past 5 years with site specific differential methylation and used a false discovery rate cut off of 0.05 for significance . We controlled for age sex education cell count and an ancestral marker for Hispanic ethnicity . We normalized methylation values for Type I II probe bias using Beta Mixture Quantile normalization filtered out cross reactive probes and evaluated for remaining bias with Surrogate Variable Analysis . We also evaluated the effects of controlling for cell count and normalizing for Type I II probe bias by comparing changes in effect estimates and p values for the top hits across BMIQ and GenomeStudio normalization methods and controlling for cell count . To facilitate broader interpretation we annotated genes to the CpG sites and performed gene set overrepresentation analysis using genes annotated to CpG sites that were associated with pyrethroids at a raw p 0.05 and controlling for background representation of CpG sites on the chip . We did this for both a biological process context using missMethyl and a disease set context using WebGestalt . For these gene set overrepresentation analyses we also used an FDR cut off of 0.05 for significance of gene sets . After controlling for cell count and applying BMIQ normalization 4 CpG sites were differentially methylated in relation to pyrethroid exposures . When using GenomeStudio s Illumina normalization 415 CpG sites were differentially methylated including all four identified with the BMIQ method . In the gene set overrepresentation analyses we identified 6 GO terms using BMIQ normalization and 76 using Illumina normalization including the 6 identified by BMIQ . For disease sets we identified signals for Alzheimer s disease leukemia and several other cancers diabetes birth defects and other diseases for both normalization methods . We identified minimal changes in effect estimates after controlling for cell count and controlling for cell count generally weakened p values . BMIQ normalization however resulted in different beta coefficients and weakened p values . Chronic ambient pyrethroid exposure is associated with differential methylation at CpG sites that annotate to a wide variety of disease states and biological mechanisms that align with prior research . However this EWAS also implicates several novel diseases for future investigation and highlights the relative importance of different background normalization methods in identifying associations .,We performed an exploratory EWAS of chronic ambient pyrethroid exposure using control participants blood in the Parkinson s Environment and Genes Study in the Central Valley of California . We also evaluated the effects of controlling for cell count and normalizing for Type I II probe bias by comparing changes in effect estimates and p values for the top hits across BMIQ and GenomeStudio normalization methods and controlling for cell count . To facilitate broader interpretation we annotated genes to the CpG sites and performed gene set overrepresentation analysis using genes annotated to CpG sites that were associated with pyrethroids at a raw p 0.05 and controlling for background representation of CpG sites on the chip .873872,Previous studies on the association between fine particulate matter PM We used data on the daily PM With PM We found the associations of short term PM,Previous studies on the association between fine particulate matter PM We used data on the daily PM With PM We found the associations of short term PM874873,This study aimed to assess the effect of air pollution and weather conditions on the frequency of hospital admissions due to acute coronary syndrome in the population of Bialystok known as the capital of the Green Lungs of Poland . The study analyzed the medical records of 2 645 patients living within the borders of Bialystok who were treated for ACS between 2009 and 2017 and the data on air pollutantsnitrogen dioxide and unstable angina was 791 999 and 855 respectively . The daily concentration norm for PM The study showed that the effects of air pollution and weather conditions on the number of ACS hospitalizations are also observed in cities with moderately polluted or good air quality . NO,The study analyzed the medical records of 2 645 patients living within the borders of Bialystok who were treated for ACS between 2009 and 2017 and the data on air pollutantsnitrogen dioxide and unstable angina was 791 999 and 855 respectively . The daily concentration norm for PM The study showed that the effects of air pollution and weather conditions on the number of ACS hospitalizations are also observed in cities with moderately polluted or good air quality . This study aimed to assess the effect of air pollution and weather conditions on the frequency of hospital admissions due to acute coronary syndrome in the population of Bialystok known as the capital of the Green Lungs of Poland .875874,The recent outbreak of the coronavirus disease is causing a shortage of personal protective equipment in different countries around the world . Because the coronavirus can transmit through droplets and aerosols facemasks and N95 respirators that require complex certification are urgently needed . Given the situation the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends that in settings where facemasks are not available healthcare personnel might use homemade masks for the care of patients with COVID 19 as a last resort . Although aerosols and droplets can be removed through the fibers of fabrics through a series of filtration mechanisms their filtration performances have not been evaluated in detail . Moreover there are a series of non medical materials available on the market such as household air filters coffee filters and different types of fabrics which may be useful when facemasks and respirators are not available . In this study we comprehensively evaluated the overall and size dependent filtration performances of non medical materials . The experiments were conducted under different face velocities to study its influence on size dependent filtration performances . The flow resistance across these filter materials is measured as an indicator of the breathability of the materials . The results illustrate that multiple layers of household air filters are able to achieve similar filtration efficiencies compared to the N95 material without causing a significant increase in flow resistance . Considering that these air filters may shed micrometer fibers during the cutting and folding processes it is recommended that these filters should be inserted in multiple layers of fabrics when manufacturing facemasks or respirators .,In this study we comprehensively evaluated the overall and size dependent filtration performances of non medical materials . The results illustrate that multiple layers of household air filters are able to achieve similar filtration efficiencies compared to the N95 material without causing a significant increase in flow resistance . The experiments were conducted under different face velocities to study its influence on size dependent filtration performances .876875,Access to safe sanitation and the elimination of open defecation are pre conditions for improved child health and nutrition and wider achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals . While Indonesia has a solid policy framework the country ranks third globally in terms of numbers of people practicing open defecation . Our aim was to assess the effectiveness of a five year strategy to reduce open defecation through accelerating implementation of the national sanitation program across districts receiving variable levels of external support . Among three provinces with poor sanitation program performance districts were selected to receive one of three levels of external support . High intensity districts benefitted from enabling environment strengthening support including political and social mobilization direct capacity development and efforts to strengthen planning budgeting monitoring and supervision learning districts benefitted from cross district learning opportunities and political mobilization through provincial government advocacy efforts and comparison districts were monitored under routine program conditions . Outcomes included open defecation free status and new toilet facility construction and were assessed through village level monitoring systems across all districts . Negative binomial regression and multivariate analysis were used to assess associations between levels of intervention intensity and outcomes . Among districts receiving high intensity external support improvements in political commitment planning coordination financing monitoring and supervision were observed . Relative to comparison districts high intensity districts were more likely to be ODF with greater increase in household toilet coverage . Weaker non significant associations with ODF were observed among learning districts relative to comparison districts . Efforts to strengthen provincial and district government capacity to implement sanitation programming in Indonesia can yield substantial improvements in outcomes in a relatively short period of time .,Our aim was to assess the effectiveness of a five year strategy to reduce open defecation through accelerating implementation of the national sanitation program across districts receiving variable levels of external support . Access to safe sanitation and the elimination of open defecation are pre conditions for improved child health and nutrition and wider achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals . While Indonesia has a solid policy framework the country ranks third globally in terms of numbers of people practicing open defecation .877876,Surgical site infections after orthopaedic surgery are responsible for reduced quality of life increased length of hospital stay and costs . The most commonly identified organism is SSI rates were expressed as cumulative incidence rates per year . A case control study nested within a prospective cohort of patients undergoing orthopaedic or trauma surgery from January 1st Of 7438 interventions 50 The rate of,Surgical site infections after orthopaedic surgery are responsible for reduced quality of life increased length of hospital stay and costs . The most commonly identified organism is SSI rates were expressed as cumulative incidence rates per year . A case control study nested within a prospective cohort of patients undergoing orthopaedic or trauma surgery from January 1st Of 7438 interventions 50 The rate of878877,This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between weather factors and COVID 19 infection in the State of Rio de Janeiro Brazil . Solar radiation showed a strong negative correlation with the incidence of novel coronavirus . Temperature and wind speed showed negative correlation . Therefore in this studied tropical state high solar radiation can be indicated as the main climatic factor that suppress the spread of COVID 19 . High temperatures and wind speed also are potential factors . Therefore the findings of this study show the ability to improve the organizational system of strategies to combat the pandemic in the State of Rio de Janeiro Brazil and other tropical countries around the word .,This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between weather factors and COVID 19 infection in the State of Rio de Janeiro Brazil . Solar radiation showed a strong negative correlation with the incidence of novel coronavirus . Therefore the findings of this study show the ability to improve the organizational system of strategies to combat the pandemic in the State of Rio de Janeiro Brazil and other tropical countries around the word .879878,Hand hygiene is an efficacious behaviour to prevent community associated infections . Estimates of the proportion of populations who wash their hands have indicated limited compliance . While biases of self report items for hand hygiene such as the tendency to overestimate one s behaviour represent a limitation direct survey questions remain important . This study aims to compare indices of handwashing compliance based on single vs. combined handwashing attributes i.e . its frequency technique and duration . Data of a representative survey on hygiene and infection control by the German Federal Centre for Health Education were analysed . In a cross sectional computer assisted telephone interview design the resident population in Germany aged 1685 years was surveyed in 2012 . For handwashing duration frequency in different situations and technique were self reported . Self reports were rated as compliant based on national recommendations and combined into single and multi attribute indices . Use of hand disinfectants recall of handwashing instruction plates in public restrooms and socio demographics were also assessed . In total N 4483 persons participated . Data were weighted to compensate for sampling bias and analysed by cross tabulation and multiple logistic regression . Primarily due to missing data the analysis was confined to N 4093 respondents . Among women the proportion of those who reported to wash hands almost always in at least seven of nine situations was 30.8 . In contrast 51 of men reported always using soap drying hands and washing interdigital spaces . Compliance based on indices that included frequency was higher in women by 5.2 for frequency technique and 2.5 for frequency duration and frequency duration technique . Socio demographic differences were most consistent regarding higher compliance among healthcare workers . Finally especially men recalling handwashing instruction plates in public restrooms had higher compliance than those with no recall namely for frequency technique all three attributes and technique . The highest odds ratio was noted for disinfectant use among men . While being representative for Germany limitations include the survey s cross sectionality response rate and the study representing the situation in 2012 . Nonetheless indices based on combined attributes allow better comparison to scarce compliance estimates for Germany based on observation . Socio demographic differences add to existing evidence e.g . higher compliance by healthcare workers . Finally although reverse causation is possible it is notable that although handwashing instruction plates in public restrooms focus on duration and technique women recalling them reported higher frequency and men more often report hand disinfectant use suggesting possible carry over effects . Self reported handwashing compliance assessment may be improved by partitioning the behavioural domain into different attributes and using indices based on combinations of these .,Data of a representative survey on hygiene and infection control by the German Federal Centre for Health Education were analysed . Among women the proportion of those who reported to wash hands almost always in at least seven of nine situations was 30.8 . While being representative for Germany limitations include the survey s cross sectionality response rate and the study representing the situation in 2012 .880879,Dechloranes like Dechlorane Plus are commonly used flame retardants identified by the EU as substances of very high concern because of their persistence and bioaccumulation potential . To characterize the dechlorane exposure of Germans in the last two decades 180 archived blood plasma samples of the German Environmental Specimen Bank collected at six time points between 1995 and 2017 were analyzed for four dechloranes namely Dechlorane Plus,To characterize the dechlorane exposure of Germans in the last two decades 180 archived blood plasma samples of the German Environmental Specimen Bank collected at six time points between 1995 and 2017 were analyzed for four dechloranes namely Dechlorane Plus Dechloranes like Dechlorane Plus are commonly used flame retardants identified by the EU as substances of very high concern because of their persistence and bioaccumulation potential .881880,Emerging evidence suggests close domestic proximity of livestock and humans may lead to microbiological contamination of hands objects food and water supplies within domestic environments adversely impacting public health . However evidence quantifying the relationship between livestock domestic animals humans and microbiological contamination of household stored water remains limited . This longitudinal study aimed to examine the relationship between domestic contact with livestock and domestic animals on microbiological contamination of household Point of Use stored drinking water in rural Kenya and assess the influence of choice of faecal indicator on such associations . A survey was performed in 234 households in Siaya county Kenya to observe presence of livestock and domestic animals in household compounds alongside other risk factors for contamination of POU stored drinking water such as sanitation storage conditions and hygiene practices . Samples from water sources and from POU storage containers were tested for Rainwater was the main POU water source and was found to be highly susceptible to contamination . Multivariate analysis showed greater risk of gross water contamination and poultry within household compounds increases POU water contamination risk suggesting the need for improved interventions to address cross contamination within rural domestic settings . Within Siaya county more effective community education is needed to raise awareness of POU water quality protection particularly of rainwater .,This longitudinal study aimed to examine the relationship between domestic contact with livestock and domestic animals on microbiological contamination of household Point of Use stored drinking water in rural Kenya and assess the influence of choice of faecal indicator on such associations . However evidence quantifying the relationship between livestock domestic animals humans and microbiological contamination of household stored water remains limited . Samples from water sources and from POU storage containers were tested for Rainwater was the main POU water source and was found to be highly susceptible to contamination .882881,The aim of this study was to gain more insight in the association between prevalence of diverse acute non specific symptoms and livestock density as a possible risk factor among residents of livestock dense and non dense regions taking into account socio demographic factors and psychological morbidity . Prevalence of NSS and psychological morbidity were assessed for the year 2017 based on electronic health records from 39 general practices in the Netherlands . The study group consisted of people who lived in rural areas with high numbers of livestock while the control group included people in rural areas with low numbers of livestock . For a large portion of the study group exposure estimates were calculated . Multiple logistic multilevel regression analyses were performed . Two methods were used 1 area comparisons between study and control areas in relation to health problems and 2 estimates of livestock exposure within the study area . It was found that prevalence of diarrhea headache sleep disturbance respiratory symptoms and skin problems were higher in the study group . The data suggest that there may be a protective effect of livestock exposure in general there was a lower risk of NSS closer to livestock . The study suggests that the previously identified higher risk of respiratory health problems in livestock dense areas might also apply to the prevalence of various other NSS . Longitudinal research taking into account different or more individual and contextual characteristics could possibly elucidate why prevalence of NSS in closer proximity to livestock is lower compared to people who live further away whilst a more overarching analysis indicated that living in livestock dense areas was associated with more NSS .,It was found that prevalence of diarrhea headache sleep disturbance respiratory symptoms and skin problems were higher in the study group . The data suggest that there may be a protective effect of livestock exposure in general there was a lower risk of NSS closer to livestock . Two methods were used 1 area comparisons between study and control areas in relation to health problems and 2 estimates of livestock exposure within the study area .883882,Despite a 15 year long effort to define the safety of fish intake during pregnancy there remains still uncertainty on this important public health issue . The evaluation of the toxic effects of contaminants particularly mercury in fish eating populations is complicated by the fact that sea food is also rich in beneficial nutrients such as selenium . There is toxicological plausibility of an antagonistic effects between Se and Hg and some theoretical support for the inclusion of the SeHg interaction to better assess the risk linked with fish intake . To assess the effects of exposure to low level Hg through fish consumption on the developing brain and the interaction between Hg and Se we conducted an analysis at age 40 months in Italian children enrolled in a prospective mother child cohort comparing additive and multiplicative models .,There is toxicological plausibility of an antagonistic effects between Se and Hg and some theoretical support for the inclusion of the SeHg interaction to better assess the risk linked with fish intake . To assess the effects of exposure to low level Hg through fish consumption on the developing brain and the interaction between Hg and Se we conducted an analysis at age 40 months in Italian children enrolled in a prospective mother child cohort comparing additive and multiplicative models . The evaluation of the toxic effects of contaminants particularly mercury in fish eating populations is complicated by the fact that sea food is also rich in beneficial nutrients such as selenium .884883,Residential greenness may prevent overweight obesity but the matter has not been investigated among middle aged and older adults in China . This study 1 assessed associations between residential greenness and markers of adiposity among middle aged and older Chinese adults and 2 investigated physical activity sedentary behaviours particulate matter with a diameter of 2.5m between 2007 and 2010 . Overweight obesity and abdominal obesity were measured by body mass index and waist circumference . Exposure to neighbourhood greenness was measured by the normalized difference vegetation index . Multilevel structural equation models were fitted to investigate the associations between neighbourhood greenness the four potential mediators and the prevalence of overweight obesity and central obesity . The results showed that greenness was inversely associated with the odds of overweight obesity 0.580.92 and abdominal adiposity . The greenness overweight obesity association varied significantly by sex and age and the greenness central obesity varied significantly by sex age and education . We found some indication that PM Exposure to higher levels of residential greenness was associated with lower odds of overweight obesity and abdominal obesity among middle aged and older Chinese adults . However underlying mechanisms explaining these associations remain unclear requiring longitudinal studies and natural experiments .,The results showed that greenness was inversely associated with the odds of overweight obesity 0.580.92 and abdominal adiposity . Multilevel structural equation models were fitted to investigate the associations between neighbourhood greenness the four potential mediators and the prevalence of overweight obesity and central obesity . Exposure to neighbourhood greenness was measured by the normalized difference vegetation index .885884,Perfluoroalkyl substances are an emerging class of artificial environmental chemicals that have multiple potentially harmful effects on health . The largest Science Park in Taiwan discharges wastewater containing PFASs into the Keya River and a high concentration of PFASs has been found in this river and its aquatic creatures . We conducted a cross sectional study from 2016 to 2017 of 397 subjects aged 5575 years living near the river and evaluated the association of PFASs with metabolic syndrome and related outcomes . The results indicated that perfluorooctane sulfonate levels were positively associated with serum low density lipoprotein levels and that perfluorononanoic acid and PFOS levels were positively correlated with uric acid levels . Perfluorodecanoic acid and perfluoroundecanoic acid levels were negatively associated with serum triglyceride levels . After excluding lipid lowering drug users the association between certain PFAS levels and the LDL level was significantly enhanced but the downward trends of serum triglyceride levels were weakened . When stratified by sex PFNA perfluorohexanesulfonate and PFOS showed positive associations with the uric acid level only among males . In conclusion our results showed that associations were consistently null between PFASs and metabolic syndrome . PFAS levels were associated with serum lipids and lipid lowering drugs may interfere with this relationship . Certain PFASs were found to be positively associated with uric acid levels especially in males . Further studies are warranted to clarify the causal relationships .,We conducted a cross sectional study from 2016 to 2017 of 397 subjects aged 5575 years living near the river and evaluated the association of PFASs with metabolic syndrome and related outcomes . After excluding lipid lowering drug users the association between certain PFAS levels and the LDL level was significantly enhanced but the downward trends of serum triglyceride levels were weakened . When stratified by sex PFNA perfluorohexanesulfonate and PFOS showed positive associations with the uric acid level only among males .886885,Residential greenness exposure is associated with many health outcomes including obesity cardiovascular disease and mental disorders . However few studies have assessed the effects of greenness exposure on activities of daily living . This study evaluated the relationship between greenness and ADL among elderly residents with long term care insurance in Shanghai China . We conducted a cross sectional survey using stratified random sampling among elderly residents with LTCI in six districts of Shanghai in August 2018 . We quantitatively assessed residential greenness using satellite derived normalized difference vegetation index values with 250 500 and 1000 m buffers around each participant s residential address . We calculated the walk score to assess neighborhood walkability . Physical function was assessed using basic ADL and instrumental ADL . We performed binary logistic regression and restricted cubic splines with R software . The study participants were 1067 adults with a mean age of 82.40 years . The mean NDVI value was 0.311 . In the fully adjusted model being in the highest tertile NDVI Our results indicate the importance of residential greenness exposure to physical functionespecially for BADL disability . Well designed longitudinal studies are needed to confirm our findings and investigate the underlying mechanisms .,In the fully adjusted model being in the highest tertile NDVI Our results indicate the importance of residential greenness exposure to physical functionespecially for BADL disability . This study evaluated the relationship between greenness and ADL among elderly residents with long term care insurance in Shanghai China . We calculated the walk score to assess neighborhood walkability .887886,The European Joint Program HBM4EU is a joint effort of 30 countries and the European Environment Agency co funded under the European Commission s Horizon 2020 program for advancing and implementing human biomonitoring on a European scale and for providing scientific evidence for chemical policy making . One important outcome will be a Europe wide improvement and harmonization of health risk assessment following the coordinated derivation or update of health related guidance values referring to the internal body burden . These guidance values named HBM guidance values or HBM GVs can directly be compared with HBM data . They are derived within HBM4EU for priority substances identified by the HBM4EU chemicals prioritization strategy based on existing needs to answer policy relevant questions as raised by national and EU policy makers . HBM GVs refer to both the general population and occupationally exposed adults . Reports including the detailed reasoning for the values proposals are subjected to a consultation process within all partner countries of the consortium to reach a broad scientific consensus on the derivation approach and on the derived values . The final HBM GVs should be applied first within the HBM4EU project but may also be useful for regulators and risk assessors outside this project . The subsequent adoption of derived HBM GVs at EU level needs to be discussed and decided within the responsible EU bodies . Nevertheless the establishment of HBM GVs as part of HBM4EU is already a step forward in strengthening HBM based policy efforts for public and occupational health .,The subsequent adoption of derived HBM GVs at EU level needs to be discussed and decided within the responsible EU bodies . Reports including the detailed reasoning for the values proposals are subjected to a consultation process within all partner countries of the consortium to reach a broad scientific consensus on the derivation approach and on the derived values . The European Joint Program HBM4EU is a joint effort of 30 countries and the European Environment Agency co funded under the European Commission s Horizon 2020 program for advancing and implementing human biomonitoring on a European scale and for providing scientific evidence for chemical policy making .888887,Nearly all Americans have detectable concentrations of endocrine disrupting chemicals from consumer products in their bodies and expert panels recommend reducing exposures . To inform exposure reduction we investigated whether consumers who are trying to avoid certain chemicals in consumer products have lower exposures than those who are not . We also aimed to make exposure biomonitoring more widely available . We enrolled 726 participants in a crowdsourced biomonitoring study . We targeted phenolic compoundsspecifically parabens bisphenol A and analogs bisphenol F and bisphenol S the UV filter benzophenone 3 the anti microbial triclosan 2 4 dichlorophenol and 2 5 dichlorophenoland collected survey data on consumer products cleaning habits and efforts to avoid related chemicals . We investigated associations between 68 self reported exposure behaviors and urine concentrations of ten chemicals and evaluated whether associations were modified by intention to avoid exposures . A large majority of participants reported taking steps to limit exposure to specific chemicals and overall participants achieved lower concentrations than the general U.S. population for parabens BPA triclosan and benzophenone 3 but not BPF and BPS . Participants who reported avoiding all four ingredient groupsparabens triclosan bisphenols and fragranceswere twice as likely as others to be in the lowest quartile of cumulative exposure . Avoiding certain products and reading ingredient labels to avoid chemicals was most effective for parabens triclosan and benzophenone 3 . Avoiding BPA was not effective for reducing bisphenol exposures . Avoiding certain chemicals in products was generally associated with reduced exposure for chemicals listed on labels . Greater ingredient transparency will help consumers who read labels to reduce their exposure to a wider range of potentially harmful chemicals . In order to more equitably address public health labeling policies should be complemented by regulations that exclude harmful chemicals from consumer products .,We investigated associations between 68 self reported exposure behaviors and urine concentrations of ten chemicals and evaluated whether associations were modified by intention to avoid exposures . Avoiding certain chemicals in products was generally associated with reduced exposure for chemicals listed on labels . We targeted phenolic compoundsspecifically parabens bisphenol A and analogs bisphenol F and bisphenol S the UV filter benzophenone 3 the anti microbial triclosan 2 4 dichlorophenol and 2 5 dichlorophenoland collected survey data on consumer products cleaning habits and efforts to avoid related chemicals .889888,This follow up study of 82 children investigated the potential impact of early and recent exposure to mercury and lead on their neurodevelopmental performance at 58 years of age . Early exposure of these children to mercury methylmercury and lead was assessed during lactation at 312 months old as well as their mother s exposure using measurements from a cross sectional study . Only infants who failed to pass the neurodevelopment screening tools and or had elevated mercury were included in this study . Urine and hair were sampled during the follow up study to assess the children s recent exposure to mercury methylmercury and lead . Their cognitive performance and visual motor integration were also measured using the Test of Non Verbal Intelligence and the Beery Visual Motor Integration respectively . The association between alterations in urinary porphyrins excretion and exposure to metals was analyzed and their influence on the children s neurodevelopment was explored . Linear regression models revealed a significant negative association between the infants mercury exposure during lactation and the TONI Quotient and Beery VMI Age Equivalent scores at age 58 . The mothers blood methylmercury was inversely and significantly associated with their children s TONI Quotient . In contrast the children s Beery VMI Age Equivalent scores were positively and significantly associated with the hair methylmercury of the mothers and their infants . These relationships suggest the presence of negative confounding that we did not take into account . Unlike mercury there was some evidence that lead in breast milk had an inverse relationship with the children s visual motor coordination skills . Our study did not show a clear association between children s recent exposure to metals and neurodevelopment . However a significant inverse association was observed between the TONI Quotient and the interaction of hair methylmercuryporphyrins implying that porphyrins are a sensitive measure of low body mercury burden . Although lead induced higher porphyrins excretion in urine their interaction did not influence children s neurodevelopmental scores . The interactions between metals and porphyrins might provide insights into their potential contributory role in the pathogenesis associated with neurological disorders or other diseases . Despite the small sample size of the present study its findings about the association between toxic metal exposure and the high risk of poor neurodevelopmental performance are worrying particularly at an early age and additional research is needed using larger sample sizes .,In contrast the children s Beery VMI Age Equivalent scores were positively and significantly associated with the hair methylmercury of the mothers and their infants . Unlike mercury there was some evidence that lead in breast milk had an inverse relationship with the children s visual motor coordination skills . The association between alterations in urinary porphyrins excretion and exposure to metals was analyzed and their influence on the children s neurodevelopment was explored .890889,The human cardiac troponin has been implicated in diverse cardiovascular diseases . The protein function is regulated by the inter subunit interaction between the N terminal domain of hcTnC and the C terminal switch peptide of hcTnI disruption of the interaction has been recognized as a potential therapeutic strategy for CDs . Here we report use of biogenic medicines as small molecule competitors to directly disrupt the proteinprotein interaction by competitively targeting the core binding site of hcTnC NTD domain . A multistep virtual screening protocol is performed against a biogenic compound library to identify competitor candidates and competition assay is employed to verify the screening results . Consequently two compounds Collismycin and Compound e are identified as strong competitors CC,Here we report use of biogenic medicines as small molecule competitors to directly disrupt the proteinprotein interaction by competitively targeting the core binding site of hcTnC NTD domain . A multistep virtual screening protocol is performed against a biogenic compound library to identify competitor candidates and competition assay is employed to verify the screening results . The protein function is regulated by the inter subunit interaction between the N terminal domain of hcTnC and the C terminal switch peptide of hcTnI disruption of the interaction has been recognized as a potential therapeutic strategy for CDs .891890,In this paper theoretical study on molecular geometry vibrational pharmaceutical and electronic properties of the monomeric and dimeric structures of 1 benzothiophene 2 carboxylic acid were carried out using B3LYP hybrid functional with 6 311 G as basis set . The structural study show that the stability of 2BT crystalline structure arising from O HO C HO as well as S HO hydrogen bonding interactions . Vibrational analysis for monomer and dimer species show a good compatibility between experimental and theoretical frequencies . Then the 1H and 13C NMR chemical shifts were calculated using Gauge Independent Atomic Orbital technical . In addition the UV Vis spectrum was simulated in gas phase and in water throughout TD DFT calculation . The electronic transitions were identified based on HOM LUMO energies . However donor acceptor interactions and charge delocalization has been studied via natural bond orbital . The nucleophilic and electrophilic site localization is identified by molecular electrostatic potential . Hirshfeld surface analysis has been discussed based on color code demonstrating the various non covalent interactions . Besides molecular docking analysis was reported to evince the pharmaceutical properties of the studied molecule .,Besides molecular docking analysis was reported to evince the pharmaceutical properties of the studied molecule . In this paper theoretical study on molecular geometry vibrational pharmaceutical and electronic properties of the monomeric and dimeric structures of 1 benzothiophene 2 carboxylic acid were carried out using B3LYP hybrid functional with 6 311 G as basis set . The electronic transitions were identified based on HOM LUMO energies .892891,High Mobility Group Box 1 protein is an abundant protein with multiple functions in cells acting as a DNA chaperone and damage associated molecular pattern molecule . It represents an attractive target for the treatment of inflammatory diseases and cancers . The plant natural product glycyrrhizin is a well characterized ligand of HMGB1 and a drug used to treat diverse liver and skin diseases . The drug is known to bind to each of the two adjacent HMG boxes of the non glycosylated protein . In cells HMGB1 is N glycosylated at three asparagine residues located in boxes A and B and these N glycans are essential for the nucleocytoplasmic transport of the protein . But the impact of the N glycans on drug binding is unknown . Here we have investigated the effect of the N glycosylation of HMGB1 on its interaction with GLR using molecular modelling after incorporation of three N glycans on a Human HMGB1 structure . Sialylated bi antennary N glycans were introduced on the protein and exposed in a folded or an extended conformation for the drug binding study . The docking of the drug was performed using both 18 and 18 epimers of GLR and the conformations and potential energy of interaction of the different drug protein complexes were compared . The N glycans do not shield the drug binding sites on boxes A and B but can modulate the drug protein interaction via both direct and indirect effects . The calculations indicate that binding of 18 GLR to the HMG box is generally reduced when the protein is N glycosylated vs. the non glycosylated protein . In particular the N glycans in an extended configuration significantly weaken the binding of GLR to box B . The effects of the N glycans are mostly indirect but in one case a direct contact with the drug via a carbohydrate carbohydrate interaction was observed with 18 GLR bound to Box B of glycosylated HMGB1 . For the first time it is shown that N glycosylation one of the many post translational modifications of HMGB1 can affect drug binding .,The docking of the drug was performed using both 18 and 18 epimers of GLR and the conformations and potential energy of interaction of the different drug protein complexes were compared . But the impact of the N glycans on drug binding is unknown . The calculations indicate that binding of 18 GLR to the HMG box is generally reduced when the protein is N glycosylated vs. the non glycosylated protein .893892,It has become obvious that fluorinated drugs have a significant role in medicinal applications . In this study the fluorination of 3 nitrotyrosine as an anti Parkinson and anti Alzheimer drug was explored using density functional theory calculations . We have investigated the most important chemical properties of 3 nitrotyrosine that affect the pharmacological activity of the drug . We found that the intramolecular hydrogen bonding and intramolecular charge of the drug were influenced by fluorine substitution . Our results also reveal that the fluorination altered the stability solubility and molecular polarity of the 3 nitrotyrosine drug . The density of state analysis also determines sharp resonance states of fluorine atoms with the 3 nitrotyrosine drug states particularly in the highest molecular orbital reigns suggesting hybridization of the fluorine states with the state of the drug . Moreover our results show that the electronic spectra of fluorinated derivatives of 3 nitrotyrosine drug exhibit a red shift toward higher wavelengths . Our calculations show that the free energy transfers of fluorinated derivatives of the 3 nitrotyrosine drug in water were negative that it meant that the designed molecules dissolving in aqueous phase occurred simultaneously . Consequently the results of the present study show that the fluorination of 3 nitrotyrosine drug could be considered as a promising strategy to design useful drugs with better pharmacological properties .,We found that the intramolecular hydrogen bonding and intramolecular charge of the drug were influenced by fluorine substitution . Our results also reveal that the fluorination altered the stability solubility and molecular polarity of the 3 nitrotyrosine drug . The density of state analysis also determines sharp resonance states of fluorine atoms with the 3 nitrotyrosine drug states particularly in the highest molecular orbital reigns suggesting hybridization of the fluorine states with the state of the drug .894893,Human Rho associated coiled coil forming kinase is a class of essential neurokinases that consists of two structurally conserved isoforms ROCK I and ROCK II they have been revealed to play distinct roles in the pathogenesis of Alzheimers disease and other neurological disorders . Selective targeting of the two kinase isoforms with small molecule inhibitors is a great challenge due to the surprisingly high homology in kinase domain and the full identity in kinase active site . Here we describe a computational protocol to systematically profile the selectivity of Fasudil and its 25 analogs between the two kinase isoforms . It is suggested that the substitution of Fasudils 1 4 diazepane moiety with rigid ring such as Ripasudil and Dimehtylfasudil would render the resulting inhibitors of ROCK II over ROCK I,Here we describe a computational protocol to systematically profile the selectivity of Fasudil and its 25 analogs between the two kinase isoforms . Selective targeting of the two kinase isoforms with small molecule inhibitors is a great challenge due to the surprisingly high homology in kinase domain and the full identity in kinase active site . It is suggested that the substitution of Fasudils 1 4 diazepane moiety with rigid ring such as Ripasudil and Dimehtylfasudil would render the resulting inhibitors of ROCK II over ROCK I895894,Human ubiquitin carboxyl terminal hydrolase 2 inhibitors such as thiopurine analogs have been reported to inhibit SARS CoV papain like proteases . The PLpro have significant functional implications in the innate immune response during SARS CoV 2 infection and considered an important antiviral target . Both proteases share strikingly similar USP fold with right handed thumbpalmfingers structural scaffold and conserved catalytic triad Cys His Asp Asn . In this urgency situation of COVID 19 outbreak there is a lack of,In this urgency situation of COVID 19 outbreak there is a lack of The PLpro have significant functional implications in the innate immune response during SARS CoV 2 infection and considered an important antiviral target . Both proteases share strikingly similar USP fold with right handed thumbpalmfingers structural scaffold and conserved catalytic triad Cys His Asp Asn .896895,Protein ligand docking is an essential process that has accelerated drug discovery . How to accurately and effectively optimize the predominant position and orientation of ligands in the binding pocket of a target protein is a major challenge . This paper proposed a novel ligand binding pose search method called FWAVina based on the fireworks algorithm which combined the fireworks algorithm with the efficient Broyden Fletcher Goldfarb Shannon local search method adopted in AutoDock Vina to address the pose search problem in docking . The FWA was used as a global optimizer to rapidly search promising poses and the Broyden Fletcher Goldfarb Shannon method was incorporated into FWAVina to perform an exact local search . FWAVina was developed and tested on the PDBbind and DUD E datasets . The docking performance of FWAVina was compared with the original Vina program . The results showed that FWAVina achieves a remarkable execution time reduction of more than 50 than Vina without compromising the prediction accuracies in the docking and virtual screening experiments . In addition the increase in the number of ligand rotatable bonds has almost no effect on the efficiency of FWAVina . The higher accuracy faster convergence and improved stability make the FWAVina method a better choice of docking tool for computer aided drug design . The source code is available at,The higher accuracy faster convergence and improved stability make the FWAVina method a better choice of docking tool for computer aided drug design . In addition the increase in the number of ligand rotatable bonds has almost no effect on the efficiency of FWAVina . FWAVina was developed and tested on the PDBbind and DUD E datasets .897896,Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 is a member of cellular kinase with various functions such as glucose regulation cellular differentiation neuronal function and cell apoptosis . It has been proved as an important therapeutic target in type 2 diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer s disease . To better understand their structureactivity relationships and mechanism of action an integrated computational study including three dimensional quantitative structure activity relationship molecular docking and molecular dynamics was performed on 79 ethyl amine GSK 3 inhibitors . In this paper we constructed 3D QSAR using comparative molecular field analysis and comparative molecular similarity index analysis method . The results showed that the CoMFA model,The results showed that the CoMFA model In this paper we constructed 3D QSAR using comparative molecular field analysis and comparative molecular similarity index analysis method . To better understand their structureactivity relationships and mechanism of action an integrated computational study including three dimensional quantitative structure activity relationship molecular docking and molecular dynamics was performed on 79 ethyl amine GSK 3 inhibitors .898897,The SARS CoV 2 virus is causing COVID 19 resulting in an ongoing pandemic with serious health social and economic implications . Much research is focused in repurposing or identifying new small molecules which may interact with viral or host cell molecular targets . An important SARS CoV 2 target is the main protease M,The SARS CoV 2 virus is causing COVID 19 resulting in an ongoing pandemic with serious health social and economic implications . An important SARS CoV 2 target is the main protease M Much research is focused in repurposing or identifying new small molecules which may interact with viral or host cell molecular targets .899898,The rapid development of computational methods and the increasing volume of chemical and biological data have contributed to an immense growth in chemical research . This field of study is known as chemoinformatics which is a discipline that uses machine learning techniques to extract process and extrapolate data from chemical structures . One of the significant lines of research in chemoinformatics is the study of bloodbrain barrier permeability which aims to identify drug penetration into the central nervous system . In this research we attempt to solve the problem of BBB permeability by predicting compounds penetration to the CNS . To accomplish this goal First an overview is provided to the field of chemoinformatics its definition applications and challenges Second a broad view is taken to investigate previous machine learning and deep learning computational models to solve BBB permeability . Based on the analysis of previous models three main challenges that collectively affect the classifier performance are identified which we define as the triple constraints subsequently we map each constraint to a proposed solution Finally we conclude this endeavor by proposing a deep learning based Recurrent Neural Network model to predict BBB permeability . Our model outperformed other studies from the literature by scoring an overall accuracy of 96.53 and a specificity score of 98.08 . The obtained results confirm that addressing the triple constraints substantially improves the classification model capability specifically when predicting compounds with low penetration .,In this research we attempt to solve the problem of BBB permeability by predicting compounds penetration to the CNS . The obtained results confirm that addressing the triple constraints substantially improves the classification model capability specifically when predicting compounds with low penetration . Our model outperformed other studies from the literature by scoring an overall accuracy of 96.53 and a specificity score of 98.08 .900899,Comparison of compounds similarity is one of the main strategies of virtual screening protocols . Both similarity and dissimilarity concepts are of great importance during the search for new active compounds . Similarity is important due to the assumption that underlies the process of searching for new drug candidates structurally similar compounds should induce similar biological response . On the other hand we are also interested in dissimilarity as we usually aim to find structurally novel ligands . In the study we compared several approaches of evaluating compound similarity . Various representations and metrics were applied and we indicated the rate of variation of the results that can occur when shifting from one strategy to another . We compared both general similarity of datasets using different approaches as well as examined the changes in the set of nearest neighbors when changing one compound representation into another and the influence of representation metric settings on the clustering outcome . We hope that the study will be of great help during the preparation of virtual screening experiments stressing the need for careful selection of the way the compound similarity is assessed . The differences in the results that can be obtained via the application of particular strategy can significantly influence the outcome of comparison studies therefore its settings should be carefully selected beforerunning the comparison .,In the study we compared several approaches of evaluating compound similarity . Both similarity and dissimilarity concepts are of great importance during the search for new active compounds . We hope that the study will be of great help during the preparation of virtual screening experiments stressing the need for careful selection of the way the compound similarity is assessed .901900,The progressive SARS CoV2 outbreaks worldwide have evoked global investigation . Despite the numerous An Based on the prediction and analysis we have identified 22 potential miRNAs from five genomes of SARS CoV2 linked with 12 human miRNAs . Analysis of human miRNAs hsa mir 1267 hsa mir 1 3p hsa mir 5683 were found shared between all the five viral SARS CoV2 miRNAs . Further PANTHER classification analyzed the gene ontology being carried by these associations showed that 44 genes were involved in biological functions that includes genes specific for signaling pathway immune complex generation enzyme binding with effective role in the virus host relationship . Our analysis concludes that the genes identified in this study can be effective in analyzing the virus host interaction . It also provides a new direction to understand viral pathogenesis with a probable new way to link that can be used to understand and relate the miRNAs of the virus to the host conditions .,It also provides a new direction to understand viral pathogenesis with a probable new way to link that can be used to understand and relate the miRNAs of the virus to the host conditions . Our analysis concludes that the genes identified in this study can be effective in analyzing the virus host interaction . Despite the numerous An Based on the prediction and analysis we have identified 22 potential miRNAs from five genomes of SARS CoV2 linked with 12 human miRNAs .902901,A series of alkylated benzimidazole derivatives was synthesized and screened for their anti HIV anti YFV and broad spectrum antiviral properties . The physicochemical parameters and drug like properties of the compounds were assessed first and then docking studies and MD simulations on HIV RT allosteric sites were conducted to find the possible mode of their action . DFT analysis was also performed to confirm the nature of the hydrogen bonding interaction of active compounds . The,The DFT analysis was also performed to confirm the nature of the hydrogen bonding interaction of active compounds . The physicochemical parameters and drug like properties of the compounds were assessed first and then docking studies and MD simulations on HIV RT allosteric sites were conducted to find the possible mode of their action .903902,Technological progress and the development of laboratory techniques and bioinformatics tools have led to the availability of ever increasing amounts of biological data including genomic proteomic and transcriptomic sequences and related information . These data have helped in understanding some of the complicated life process from a systematic level . Many diseases are generated by abnormalities in multiple regulating processes . In this study we constructed a novel miRNAgenedisease fusion algorithm by integrating three genome wide networks namely microRNA gene function and disease similarity networks . The data fusion method was applied to construct a miRNAgenedisease association network model from these networks to explore miRNAdisease associations mediated by genes with similar functions . mmiRNAs bind to their target genes and regulate their expression so the miRNAgene and genedisease regulatory relationships were included in the network model to more accurately predict miRNAdisease associations . The proposed MGDF was used to predict miRNAcancer associations and the results show that most of the predicted associations had evidence in existing databases .,The proposed MGDF was used to predict miRNAcancer associations and the results show that most of the predicted associations had evidence in existing databases . mmiRNAs bind to their target genes and regulate their expression so the miRNAgene and genedisease regulatory relationships were included in the network model to more accurately predict miRNAdisease associations . The data fusion method was applied to construct a miRNAgenedisease association network model from these networks to explore miRNAdisease associations mediated by genes with similar functions .904903,Cloud computing revolutionized many fields that require ample computational power . Cloud platforms may also provide huge support for microRNA analysis mainly through disclosing scalable resources of different types . In Clouds these resources are available as services which simplifies their allocation and releasing . This feature is especially useful during the analysis of large volumes of data like the one produced by next generation sequencing experiments which require not only extended storage space but also a distributed computing environment . In this paper we show which of the Cloud properties and service models can be especially beneficial for microRNA analysis . We also explain the most useful services of the Cloud that can be used for microRNA analysis . At the same time we review several solutions for microRNA and show that the utilization of the Cloud in this field is still weak but can increase in the future when the awareness of their applicability grows .,In this paper we show which of the Cloud properties and service models can be especially beneficial for microRNA analysis . We also explain the most useful services of the Cloud that can be used for microRNA analysis . At the same time we review several solutions for microRNA and show that the utilization of the Cloud in this field is still weak but can increase in the future when the awareness of their applicability grows .905904,Bacterial vaginosis is the principal cause of vaginal discharge among women and it can lead to many comorbidities with a negative impact in womens daily activities . Despite the fact that the pathophysiological process of BV remains unclear great advances had been achieved in determining consequences of the shift in the vaginal community and it was defined that,Despite the fact that the pathophysiological process of BV remains unclear great advances had been achieved in determining consequences of the shift in the vaginal community and it was defined that Bacterial vaginosis is the principal cause of vaginal discharge among women and it can lead to many comorbidities with a negative impact in womens daily activities .906905,The interactions between miRNAs and long non coding RNAs are subject to intensive recent studies due to its critical role in gene regulations . Computational prediction of lncRNA miRNA interactions has become a popular alternative strategy to the experimental methods for identification of underlying interactions . It is desirable to develop the machine learning based models for prediction of lncRNA miRNA based on the experimentally validated interactions between lncRNAs and miRNAs . The accuracy and robustness of existing models based on machine learning techniques are subject to further improvement .,The accuracy and robustness of existing models based on machine learning techniques are subject to further improvement . It is desirable to develop the machine learning based models for prediction of lncRNA miRNA based on the experimentally validated interactions between lncRNAs and miRNAs . Computational prediction of lncRNA miRNA interactions has become a popular alternative strategy to the experimental methods for identification of underlying interactions .907906,Plant fungal diseases have been affecting the world s agricultural production and economic levels for a long time such as rice blast gray tomato mold potato late blight etc . Recent studies have shown that fungal pathogens transmit microRNA as an effector to host plants for infection . However bioassay based verification analysis is time consuming and challenging and it is difficult to analyze from a global perspective . With the accumulation of fungal and plant related data data analysis methods can be used to analyze pathogenic fungal microRNA further . Based on the microRNA expression data of fungal pathogens infecting plants before and after this paper discusses the selection strategy of sample data the extraction strategy of pathogenic fungal microRNA the prediction strategy of a fungal pathogenic microRNA target gene the bicluster based fungal pathogenic microRNA functional analysis strategy and experimental verification methods . A general analysis pipeline based on machine learning and bicluster based function module was proposed for plant fungal pathogenic microRNA.The pipeline proposed in this paper is applied to the infection process of Magnaporthe oryzae and the infection process of potato late blight . It has been verified to prove the feasibility of the pipeline . It can be extended to other relevant crop pathogen research providing a new idea for fungal research on plant diseases . It can be used as a reference for understanding the interaction between fungi and plants .,A general analysis pipeline based on machine learning and bicluster based function module was proposed for plant fungal pathogenic microRNA.The pipeline proposed in this paper is applied to the infection process of Magnaporthe oryzae and the infection process of potato late blight . Based on the microRNA expression data of fungal pathogens infecting plants before and after this paper discusses the selection strategy of sample data the extraction strategy of pathogenic fungal microRNA the prediction strategy of a fungal pathogenic microRNA target gene the bicluster based fungal pathogenic microRNA functional analysis strategy and experimental verification methods . With the accumulation of fungal and plant related data data analysis methods can be used to analyze pathogenic fungal microRNA further .908907,is a traditional Chinese medicine that is widely used to treat menstrual disorders . However the pharmacological mechanisms that underlie its clinical application remain unclear . In this study a network pharmacology based approach was used that integrated drug likeness evaluation oral bioavailability prediction target exploration network construction bioinformatic annotation and molecular docking to investigate the mechanisms that underlie motherwort treatment for MDs . In total 29 bioactive compounds were collected from 51 compounds in motherwort which shared 17 common MDs related targets . Network analysis indicated that motherwort played a therapeutic role in MDs treatment through multiple components that acted on multiple targets . Pathway enrichment analysis showed that the putative targets of motherwort were primarily involved in various pathways associated with the endocrine system cancers vascular system and anti inflammation process . Notably five targets were screened as hub genes based on a degree algorithm . Moreover most of the bioactive components in motherwort had good binding ability with these genes implying that motherwort could regulate their biological function . Collectively this study elucidated the molecular mechanisms that underlay the efficiency of motherwort against MDs and demonstrated the potential of network pharmacology as an approach to uncover the action mechanism of herbal medicines .,Pathway enrichment analysis showed that the putative targets of motherwort were primarily involved in various pathways associated with the endocrine system cancers vascular system and anti inflammation process . Collectively this study elucidated the molecular mechanisms that underlay the efficiency of motherwort against MDs and demonstrated the potential of network pharmacology as an approach to uncover the action mechanism of herbal medicines . Moreover most of the bioactive components in motherwort had good binding ability with these genes implying that motherwort could regulate their biological function .909908,Conotoxins are small peptide toxins which are rich in disulfide and have the unique diversity of sequences . It is significant to correctly identify the types of ion channel targeted conotoxins because that they are considered as the optimal pharmacological candidate medicine in drug design owing to their ability specifically binding to ion channels and interfering with neural transmission . Comparing with other feature extracting methods the reduced amino acid cluster better resolved in simplifying protein complexity and identifying functional conserved regions . Thus in our study 673 RAACs generated from 74 types of reduced amino acid alphabet were comprehensively assessed to establish a state of the art predictor for predicting ion channel targeted conotoxins . The results showed Type 20 Cluster 9 in the tripeptide composition achieved the best accuracy 89.3 which was based on the algorithm of amino acids reduction of variance maximization . Further the ANOVA with incremental feature selection was used for feature selection to improve prediction performance . Finally the cross validation results showed that the best overall accuracy we calculated was 96.4 and 1.8 higher than the best accuracy of previous studies . Based on the predictor we proposed a user friendly webserver was established and can be friendly accessed at,Based on the predictor we proposed a user friendly webserver was established and can be friendly accessed at Finally the cross validation results showed that the best overall accuracy we calculated was 96.4 and 1.8 higher than the best accuracy of previous studies . The results showed Type 20 Cluster 9 in the tripeptide composition achieved the best accuracy 89.3 which was based on the algorithm of amino acids reduction of variance maximization .910909,RUNX family transcription factor 2 overexpression has been found in various human malignancies . However the expression levels of RUNX2 mRNA and protein in lung adenocarcinoma were not investigated . This study aims to thoroughly analysis the expression level and potential mechanisms of RUNX2 mRNA in LUAD . We applied in house immunohistochemistry high throughput RNA sequencing and gene microarrays to comprehensively investigate the expression level of RUNX2 in LUAD . A pool standard mean difference and summary receiver operating characteristic curves were calculated to assess the integrated expression value of RUNX2 in LUAD . The hazard ratios were integrated to evaluate the overall prognostic effect of RUNX2 on the LUAD patients . The differentially expressed genes of LUAD the potential target genes of RUNX2 and its co expressed genes were overlapped to obtain a set of specific genes for GO and KEGG enrichment analyses . RUNX2 overexpression in LUAD was validated using a large number of cases . The pooled SMD was 0.85 and the area under the curve of the SROC was 0.86 . The integrated HR was 1.20 indicating that increased expression of RUNX2 was an independent risk factor for the poor survival of the LUAD patients . RUNX2 and its transcriptionally regulates potential target genes may promote cell proliferation and drug resistance of LUAD by modulating the cell cycle and MAPK signaling pathways . RUNX2 can provide new research directions for targeted drug therapy and drug resistance for LUAD treatment .,The hazard ratios were integrated to evaluate the overall prognostic effect of RUNX2 on the LUAD patients . The pooled SMD was 0.85 and the area under the curve of the SROC was 0.86 . The integrated HR was 1.20 indicating that increased expression of RUNX2 was an independent risk factor for the poor survival of the LUAD patients .911910,A non coding RNA is a kind of RNA that is not converted into protein however it is involved in many biological processes diseases and cancers . Numerous ncRNAs have been identified and classified with high throughput sequencing technology . Hence accurate ncRNAs class prediction is important and necessary for further study of their functions . Several computation techniques have been employed to predict the class of ncRNAs . Recent classification methods used the secondary structure as their primary input . However the computational tools of RNA secondary structure are not accurate enough which affects the final performance of ncRNAs predictors . In this paper we propose a simple yet efficient method called ncRDeep for ncRNAs prediction . It uses a simple convolutional neural network and RNA sequence information only . The ncRDeep was evaluated on benchmark datasets and the comparison results showed that the ncRDeep outperforms the state of the art methods significantly . More specifically the average accuracy was improved by 8.32 . Finally we built a freely accessible web server for the developed tool ncRDeep at,In this paper we propose a simple yet efficient method called ncRDeep for ncRNAs prediction . The ncRDeep was evaluated on benchmark datasets and the comparison results showed that the ncRDeep outperforms the state of the art methods significantly . Finally we built a freely accessible web server for the developed tool ncRDeep at912911,The aim of the study was to comprehensively evaluate the associations between tumor necrosis factor gene polymorphism and influenza A susceptibility . The relevant studies were identified through a search of PubMed Embase and Cochrane library database until February 29 2020 without language restrictions . Two independent reviewers extracted the data and any discrepancies were resolved by consensus . The quality of the eligible article was evaluated by Newcastle Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale . Eggers test was applied to evaluate publication bias . All these analyses were performed using Stata15.1 software . A total of 5 studies with 474 cases and 805 controls were included . The results of meta analysis showed that there were statistically significant for rs361525 in allelic model and for rs1800750 in dominant model in cases vs. controls . Furthermore subgroup analysis for race showed that for rs361525 in allelic model there were significant differences for Caucasian and no significant difference for Mexican in cases vs. controls . There was publication bias for rs361525 in dominant model and rs1800629 in recessive model . Caucasian with A site mutation of 238TNF G A was more susceptible to influenza A .The 376 dominant model AA GA of TNF genes was associated with the susceptibility to influenza A . However more studies with large sample size are needed to confirm the results .,The results of meta analysis showed that there were statistically significant for rs361525 in allelic model and for rs1800750 in dominant model in cases vs. controls . The aim of the study was to comprehensively evaluate the associations between tumor necrosis factor gene polymorphism and influenza A susceptibility . Caucasian with A site mutation of 238TNF G A was more susceptible to influenza A .The 376 dominant model AA GA of TNF genes was associated with the susceptibility to influenza A .913912,The present work proposed the preparation of triazolic analogues of tyrosol a biophenol found in olive oil and whose wide range of bioactivities has been the target of many studies . We obtained fifteen novel tyrosol derivatives and the compounds of the series were later evaluated as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors . The study of AChE inhibition is important for the development of new drugs and pesticides and especially the research for managing Alzheimer s disease . The most active compound namely 7 ethyl 1,We obtained fifteen novel tyrosol derivatives and the compounds of the series were later evaluated as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors . The most active compound namely 7 ethyl 1 The present work proposed the preparation of triazolic analogues of tyrosol a biophenol found in olive oil and whose wide range of bioactivities has been the target of many studies .914913,As a large group of small non coding RNAs Piwi interacting RNAs have been detected to be associated with various diseases . Identifying disease associated piRNAs can provide promising candidate molecular targets to promote the drug design . Although a few computational ensemble methods have been developed for identifying piRNA disease associations the low quality negative associations even with positive associations used during the training process prevent the predictive performance improvement . In this study we proposed a new computational predictor named iPiDA sHN to predict potential piRNA disease associations . iPiDA sHN presented the piRNA disease pairs by incorporating piRNA sequence information the known piRNA disease association network and the disease semantic graph . High level features of piRNA disease associations were extracted by the Convolutional Neural Network . Two step positive unlabeled learning strategy based on Support Vector Machine was employed to select the high quality negative samples from the unknown piRNA disease pairs . Finally the SVM predictor trained with the known piRNA disease associations and the high quality negative associations was used to predict new piRNA disease associations . The experimental results showed that iPiDA sHN achieved superior predictive ability compared with other state of the art predictors .,In this study we proposed a new computational predictor named iPiDA sHN to predict potential piRNA disease associations . The experimental results showed that iPiDA sHN achieved superior predictive ability compared with other state of the art predictors . Two step positive unlabeled learning strategy based on Support Vector Machine was employed to select the high quality negative samples from the unknown piRNA disease pairs .915914,Perfect annealing between microRNAs and messenger RNAs was computationally searched at a broad scale in the human genome to determine whether theoretical pairing is restrictively represented in functional subnetworks or is randomly distributed . Massive RNA interference pairing motifs in genes constitute a remarkable subnetwork that displays highly genetically and biochemically interconnected genes . These analyses show unexpected repertoires of genes defined by their congruence in comatching with miRNAs at numerous sites and by their interconnection based on protein protein interactions or proteins regulating the activity of others . This offers insights into the putatively coregulated homeostasis of large networks of genes by RNAi whereas other networks seem to be independent of this regulatory mode . Genes accordingly defined by theoretical RNAi pairing cluster mainly in subnetworks related to cellular metabolic and developmental processes and their regulation . Indeed genes harboring numerous potential sites of hybridization with miRNAs are highly enriched with GO terms depicting the abovementioned processes and are grouped in a subnetwork of genes that are significantly more highly connected than they would be according to a random distribution . The significant number of interacting genes that present numerous potential comatches with miRNAs suggests that they may be under the control of the integrative and concerted action of multiple miRNAs .,The significant number of interacting genes that present numerous potential comatches with miRNAs suggests that they may be under the control of the integrative and concerted action of multiple miRNAs . This offers insights into the putatively coregulated homeostasis of large networks of genes by RNAi whereas other networks seem to be independent of this regulatory mode . Indeed genes harboring numerous potential sites of hybridization with miRNAs are highly enriched with GO terms depicting the abovementioned processes and are grouped in a subnetwork of genes that are significantly more highly connected than they would be according to a random distribution .916915,MicroRNA plays an important role in life processes . In recent years predicting the association between miRNAs and diseases has become a research hotspot . However biological experiments take a lot of time and cost to identify pathogenic miRNAs . Computational biology based methods can effectively improve accuracy of recognition . In our study miRNAs disease associations are predicted by a hypergraph regularized bipartite local model which is based on hypergraph embedded Laplacian support vector machine . On benchmark dataset the results of our method are comparable and even better than existing models .,On benchmark dataset the results of our method are comparable and even better than existing models . Computational biology based methods can effectively improve accuracy of recognition . In our study miRNAs disease associations are predicted by a hypergraph regularized bipartite local model which is based on hypergraph embedded Laplacian support vector machine .917916,The Programmed cell Death protein 1 Ligand 1 checkpoint is a major target in oncology . Monoclonal antibodies targeting PD 1 or PD L1 are used to treat different types of solid tumors and lymphoma . PD L1 binding small molecules are also actively searched . The lead compound is the biphenyl drug BMS 202 which stabilizes PD L1 protein dimers and displays a potent antitumor activity in experimental models . Here we have investigated the effect of N glycosylation and mono ubiquitination of PD L1 on the interaction with BMS 202 by molecular modeling . Two complementary tridimensional models of PD L1 based on available crystallographic structures were constructed with BMS 202 bound . The structures were glycosylated with a fucosylated bi antennary N glycan and ubiquitinated . Model 1 refers to glycoPD L1 bearing 16 N glycans with or without 4 ubiquitin residues . Model 2 presents 8 N glycans and 2 ubiquitin residues . In both cases BMS 202 was bound to the protein interface stabilizing a PD L1 dimer . The incorporation of the N glycans or the ubiquitins did not significantly alter the drug protein recognition . The interface of the drug stabilized protein dimer is unaffected by the glycosylation or ubiquitination . Calculations of the binding energies indicated that the glycosylation slightly reduces the stability of the drug protein complexes but does not prevent the drug binding process . Our modeling study suggests that the drug can target efficiently the different forms of PD L1 in cells glycosylated ubiquitinated or not . These models of N glycosylated and ubiquitinated PD L1 will be useful to study other PD L1 protein complexes .,Here we have investigated the effect of N glycosylation and mono ubiquitination of PD L1 on the interaction with BMS 202 by molecular modeling . Calculations of the binding energies indicated that the glycosylation slightly reduces the stability of the drug protein complexes but does not prevent the drug binding process . The structures were glycosylated with a fucosylated bi antennary N glycan and ubiquitinated .918917,Neurodegenerative diseases have complex etiology and pose a challenge to scientists to develop simple and cost effective synthetic compounds as potential drug candidates for such diseases . Here we report an extension of our previously published,Here we report an extension of our previously published Neurodegenerative diseases have complex etiology and pose a challenge to scientists to develop simple and cost effective synthetic compounds as potential drug candidates for such diseases .919918,We previously reported that activating transcription factor 3 an adaptive response gene plays a dichotomous role in regulating several molecular processes during breast cancer progression . ATF3 promoted the expression of runt related transcription factor 2 and activated matrix metalloproteinase 13 thereby fostering proliferation and bone metastasis of the breast cancer cells . Targeting ATF3 may mitigate the metastatic spread of breast cancer and improve the patients lifespan . Non coding RNAs such as microRNAs long non coding RNAs and circular RNAs are the new era regimens that are currently utilized for diagnosis and treatment of a variety of malignancies including cancer . mir 3674 putatively targets ATF3 but its expression was significantly increased in human breast cancer cells compared to normal human mammary epithelial cells . Our in silico analysis identified a few lncRNAs and circRNAs showing their putative binding sites for miR 3674 . Thus mir 3674 despite its abundance in the MDA MB231 cells could not effectively target ATF3 which could be due to the sponging mechanism of lncRNAs and circRNAs towards mir 3674 . More extensive in vitro and in vivo studies are required to validate this and expand the diagnostic and therapeutic perspectives of breast cancer .,Targeting ATF3 may mitigate the metastatic spread of breast cancer and improve the patients lifespan . ATF3 promoted the expression of runt related transcription factor 2 and activated matrix metalloproteinase 13 thereby fostering proliferation and bone metastasis of the breast cancer cells . More extensive in vitro and in vivo studies are required to validate this and expand the diagnostic and therapeutic perspectives of breast cancer .920919,Caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 the COVID 19 pandemic is ongoing with no proven safe and effective vaccine to date . Further effective therapeutic agents for COVID 19 are limited and as a result the identification of potential small molecule antiviral drugs is of particular importance . A critical antiviral target is the SARS CoV 2 main protease M,Caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 the COVID 19 pandemic is ongoing with no proven safe and effective vaccine to date . A critical antiviral target is the SARS CoV 2 main protease M Further effective therapeutic agents for COVID 19 are limited and as a result the identification of potential small molecule antiviral drugs is of particular importance .921920,Thermal and hygroscopic environments inside a duck house are two of the most important factors directly related to their productivity and energy costs . However few quantitative analyses of these environments have been performed . The objective of this study was to develop a dynamic energy model for the combined and real time quantitative analysis of thermal and hygroscopic environments inside a mechanically ventilated duck house . To identify seasonal problems and develop the energy model the internal and external environments of the duck house were first monitored via field experiments . Additionally chamber experiments were conducted in a temperature and humidity controlled chamber to calculate the amount of evaporation from duck house litter for incorporation of these data into the energy model . According to the environmental data measured in the field experiments and the results of the chamber experiments the dynamic energy model of the duck house was developed using building energy simulation . The BES model was validated by comparison of the BES computed and field measured data of the air temperature and relative humidity . The results showed errors of 1.71 and 4.33 for the air temperature and relative humidity respectively . Finally the validated BES model of the duck house was used to analyse the seasonal periodic and maximum energy loads . Furthermore the high temperature stress of the ducks in summer was also estimated for different space allowances,Finally the validated BES model of the duck house was used to analyse the seasonal periodic and maximum energy loads . The objective of this study was to develop a dynamic energy model for the combined and real time quantitative analysis of thermal and hygroscopic environments inside a mechanically ventilated duck house . The BES model was validated by comparison of the BES computed and field measured data of the air temperature and relative humidity .922921,The 3D characterisation of individual vine canopies with a LiDAR sensor requires point cloud classification . A Bayesian point cloud classification algorithm is proposed that combines an automatic filtering method and a classification method based on clustering to process LiDAR data . Data were collected on several grape varieties with two different modes of training . To evaluate the quality of the BPCC algorithm and its influence on the estimation of canopy parameters it was compared to an expert manual method and to an established semi automatic research method requiring interactive pre treatment . The results showed that the AFM filtering was similar to the expert manual method and retained on average 9 more points than the PROTOLIDAR method over the whole growing season . Estimates of vegetation height and width that were obtained from classification of the AFM filtered LiDAR data were strongly correlated with estimates made by the PROTOLIDAR method R,A Bayesian point cloud classification algorithm is proposed that combines an automatic filtering method and a classification method based on clustering to process LiDAR data . To evaluate the quality of the BPCC algorithm and its influence on the estimation of canopy parameters it was compared to an expert manual method and to an established semi automatic research method requiring interactive pre treatment . The results showed that the AFM filtering was similar to the expert manual method and retained on average 9 more points than the PROTOLIDAR method over the whole growing season .923922,Near infrared hyperspectral imaging over the spectral range of 9002500nm was investigated for its potential to identify maize kernels inoculated with aflatoxigenic fungus from healthy kernels and kernels inoculated with non aflatoxigenic fungus . A total of 900 kernels were used with 3 treatments namely each 300 kernels inoculated with AF13 AF36 and sterile distilled water as control separately . One hundred kernels from each treatment of 300 kernels were incubated for 3 5 and 8 days to obtain diverse samples . Based on the full mean spectra extracted from the same kernel side the best mean overall prediction accuracies achieved were 96.3 for the 3 class classification and 97.8 for the 2 class classification using the partial least squares discriminant analysis method . The 3 class and 2 class models using the full mean spectra extracted from different kernel sides had the best mean overall prediction accuracies of 91.5 and 95.1 . Using the most important 30 55 and 100 variables determined by the random frog algorithm the simplified type I RF PLSDA models achieved the mean overall prediction accuracies of 87.7 93.8 and 95.2 for the 2 class discrimination using different kernel sides information . Among the most important 55 and 100 variables a total of 25 and 67 variables were consistently selected in the 100 random runs and were therefore used further for establishing the type II RF PLSDA models . Using these 25 and 67 variables the type II RF PLSDA models obtained the mean overall prediction accuracies of 82.3 and 94.9 separately .,The 3 class and 2 class models using the full mean spectra extracted from different kernel sides had the best mean overall prediction accuracies of 91.5 and 95.1 . Using these 25 and 67 variables the type II RF PLSDA models obtained the mean overall prediction accuracies of 82.3 and 94.9 separately . Using the most important 30 55 and 100 variables determined by the random frog algorithm the simplified type I RF PLSDA models achieved the mean overall prediction accuracies of 87.7 93.8 and 95.2 for the 2 class discrimination using different kernel sides information .924923,Commercial sand media filters adopt different underdrain designs with pod wand and spike designs being the most common . Studies about the consequences of using these configurations are often not conclusive since auxiliary elements and dimensions vary between filters . Here computational fluid dynamics simulations were carried out comparing underdrain designs in filters with equal sized diffuser plates and same inlet inner and outlet diameters . Seven underdrain pod type designs were analysed ranging from a market model to one with more than 50 of pods . Designs with equal number of pods but with different spatial distributions were investigated . Two wand and two spike type underdrain models were also evaluated . The main variables analysed were pressure and volumetric flowrate . Results confirmed that the flow uniformity through the filter was crucial to achieve low pressure drop values . Pressure losses through the sand were the most important contribution to the filter pressure drop for all cases . The water only region at the inlet had low relevance in terms of pressure losses . All underdrain designs had similar pressure drops at the exit collector chamber or pipe . Pod type designs with the same slot open area as wand and spike type configurations clearly had a better efficiency since wand and spike type designs had faces opposing the incoming flow . Pod and spike type designs with similar horizontal projected upward slot areas behaved alike in both filtration and backwashing modes with a better performance for the spike type configuration . Recommended spike type designs should cover most of the filter cross sectional area .,The water only region at the inlet had low relevance in terms of pressure losses . Seven underdrain pod type designs were analysed ranging from a market model to one with more than 50 of pods . Recommended spike type designs should cover most of the filter cross sectional area .925924,Global climate change has in recent years increased the frequency and intensity of meteorological disasters . In particular damage to greenhouses caused by heavy snowfall continues to occur on farms in South Korea . Because heavy snowfall occurs over a relatively long time compared to other sudden meteorological disasters if an appropriate warning system for heavy snowfall events is in place then damage to greenhouses can be prevented . However the existing snowfall warning system in South Korea consists only of a simple alert that is unable to anticipate future risks to an area caused by heavy snowfall . In this study the aim was to develop a stochastic alarm model to minimise the damage to greenhouses caused by heavy snowfall events . A Markov chain was designed to construct the alarm model using snowfall data from nationwide weather stations as well as from greenhouse standards with various safety criteria . The snow depth data were divided into several sections using a cluster analysis and the failure probabilities of the greenhouses were derived for specific time interval according to current snow depth . This method considers the weather characteristics of each region as well as various greenhouse standards because the risks of heavy snowfall vary depending on location and type of the installation . Using the alarm model developed in this study it is possible to predict and therefore manage the negative impacts of heavy snowfall events on greenhouses .,Using the alarm model developed in this study it is possible to predict and therefore manage the negative impacts of heavy snowfall events on greenhouses . In this study the aim was to develop a stochastic alarm model to minimise the damage to greenhouses caused by heavy snowfall events . The snow depth data were divided into several sections using a cluster analysis and the failure probabilities of the greenhouses were derived for specific time interval according to current snow depth .926925,A discrete element model of citrus fruit stalk with a diameter of 3mm was established using the discrete element method . The intrinsic parameters and contact parameters of citrus fruit stalk were obtained through measurement . The bonding parameters of the discrete element model of citrus fruit stalk were calibrated through a three point bending test and shear tests . Based on these parameters the optimal bonding parameter combination was determined . This included normal stiffness per unit area,A discrete element model of citrus fruit stalk with a diameter of 3mm was established using the discrete element method . The bonding parameters of the discrete element model of citrus fruit stalk were calibrated through a three point bending test and shear tests . The intrinsic parameters and contact parameters of citrus fruit stalk were obtained through measurement .927926,Interventional radiology procedures are being increasingly used to mitigate chronic pain . In addition to established therapies such as thermal bone lesion ablation kyphoplasty and chemical neurolysis ongoing research has shown promising results for the use of embolization in treatment of osteoarthritic knee pain and chronic pain secondary to adhesive shoulder capsulitis . This review will highlight some of the most common interventional radiology pain procedures as well as provide insight into future pain relieving embolization .,Interventional radiology procedures are being increasingly used to mitigate chronic pain . This review will highlight some of the most common interventional radiology pain procedures as well as provide insight into future pain relieving embolization . In addition to established therapies such as thermal bone lesion ablation kyphoplasty and chemical neurolysis ongoing research has shown promising results for the use of embolization in treatment of osteoarthritic knee pain and chronic pain secondary to adhesive shoulder capsulitis .928927,Transposition of the great arteries is a condition with ventriculo arterial discordance where the aorta arises from the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery from the left ventricle . Broadly speaking two forms exist a dextro type and a levo type . Traditionally diagnosis is made by echocardiography . Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging cardiac computed tomography and heart catheterization and angiography are supplemental tools in further characterization of the anatomy . The frequency of routine imaging testing including echocardiography CMR and CCT depends on severity of heart failure cyanosis valvular disease arrhythmia pulmonary hypertension and end organ damage . The aim of this review is to explore important imaging findings for different types of D TGA uncorrected D TGA D TGA after the Mustard Senning atrial switch surgery D TGA after the arterial switch operation and D TGA after the Rastelli repair .,The aim of this review is to explore important imaging findings for different types of D TGA uncorrected D TGA D TGA after the Mustard Senning atrial switch surgery D TGA after the arterial switch operation and D TGA after the Rastelli repair . Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging cardiac computed tomography and heart catheterization and angiography are supplemental tools in further characterization of the anatomy . Transposition of the great arteries is a condition with ventriculo arterial discordance where the aorta arises from the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery from the left ventricle .929928,Due to isolation and social distancing to maintain patient and staff safety during the COVID 19 pandemic an alternative to face to face interaction was needed . Nurses facilitated critical patient family communication . Video conferencing applications aided socially distanced families to connect with dying loved ones . This article will explore the use of these popular apps .,This article will explore the use of these popular apps . Due to isolation and social distancing to maintain patient and staff safety during the COVID 19 pandemic an alternative to face to face interaction was needed . Video conferencing applications aided socially distanced families to connect with dying loved ones .930929,E cigarette or vaping product useassociated lung injury has caused significant morbidity in the US population including in many young patients . It is critical for all health care providers to recognize symptoms and imaging findings associated with lung injury secondary to e cigarette and vaping use . Nurses both inpatient and outpatient are in a unique position to be able to assess patients for vaping and e cigarette use and educate patients on the dangers of continued use . Here we describe the case of a 16 year old male with a history of vaping presenting with clinical and radiographic features consistent with EVALI . We review the current literature on pathophysiology diagnosis management and nursing implications of vaping related lung disease .,We review the current literature on pathophysiology diagnosis management and nursing implications of vaping related lung disease . Here we describe the case of a 16 year old male with a history of vaping presenting with clinical and radiographic features consistent with EVALI . Nurses both inpatient and outpatient are in a unique position to be able to assess patients for vaping and e cigarette use and educate patients on the dangers of continued use .931930,Few data are published about different ferret husbandry practices in terms of housing enrichment feeding social management and the health status of ferrets . However these factors are crucial for animal welfare and influence animal behavior . A comprehensive online survey was conducted among 573 German speaking ferret owners to gain insight into these aspects of husbandry the occurrence of behaviors potentially indicative of good or impaired welfare and associations between environmental conditions and ferret behavior . To reduce reactance in participants a forced choice answer format was avoided therefore the sample size varied . Ferrets were on average 3.3 2.3 years old . 56 were male and 44 were female . 89 of the male and 83 of the female ferrets were neutered . Many ferrets enjoyed good health . Most ferrets were not diagnosed with a ferret typical illness . A high percentage of animals were housed in a dedicated ferret room or unconfined in the flat or house . The vast majority had various enrichment items in their main living area . Potential stressors and welfare issues were also identified recent bite injuries from other ferrets ferret typical diseases such as cardiac disease and adrenal tumors or recent signs of ill health such as diarrhea or parasites and potential problem behaviors which might strain the human animal relationship such as defecation outside the toilet area . The mean age of the latest deceased ferret was 5.8 2.6years hinting at a shorter life span than often predicted . Both housing type and recent changes in the pair or group composition that is in the social environment were shown to have an effect on behavior . For instance repetitive nibbling was reported more often in ferrets living in indoor enclosures compared with animals kept in ferret rooms unconfined in the flat house or outdoor enclosures,89 of the male and 83 of the female ferrets were neutered . Few data are published about different ferret husbandry practices in terms of housing enrichment feeding social management and the health status of ferrets . Both housing type and recent changes in the pair or group composition that is in the social environment were shown to have an effect on behavior .932931,Oil spills are a major threat to the marine ecosystem requiring immediate solutions to remove spilled oil from oceanic environments . In this study we report a superhydrophobic molybdenum disulfide MoS,In this study we report a superhydrophobic molybdenum disulfide MoS Oil spills are a major threat to the marine ecosystem requiring immediate solutions to remove spilled oil from oceanic environments .933932,Third generation nanostructure based solar cells such as dye sensitized solar cells are green and low cost future substitute for silicon based solar cells . Zinc Stannate based DSSCs are attractive due to their interesting properties but aggregated Zn,Third generation nanostructure based solar cells such as dye sensitized solar cells are green and low cost future substitute for silicon based solar cells . Zinc Stannate based DSSCs are attractive due to their interesting properties but aggregated Zn934933,Zinc oxide is a commonly used electron transport layer in quantum dot light emitting diodes . In this study we used a highly conductive ZnO film via a low temperature process to improve the electron transport behavior of the QLEDs . The electron transport behavior of ZnO film was investigated from the electron only device and the origin of high conductivity was figured out using x ray photoelectron spectroscopy . We found that the oxygen vacancy which can improve the carrier transport in ZnO film was increased according to reduce the process temperature of ZnO . Meanwhile the hydroxyl group which contribute to the quenching effect was decreased according to reduce the process temperature of ZnO . Therefore high performance QLEDs were fabricated using the low temperature processed ZnO and it showed an improved luminance and current efficiency in a full current range . The maximum luminance and current efficiency of the devices were measured as 65 391 Cd m,In this study we used a highly conductive ZnO film via a low temperature process to improve the electron transport behavior of the QLEDs . Meanwhile the hydroxyl group which contribute to the quenching effect was decreased according to reduce the process temperature of ZnO . We found that the oxygen vacancy which can improve the carrier transport in ZnO film was increased according to reduce the process temperature of ZnO .935934,The optical properties of a two dimensional gold nanoparticle over nanosheet have been studied using Finite Difference Time Domain method . 2D AuNP NS hybrid structure exhibits three typical localized surface plasmon resonances which occur in nanogaps between NP NP NP NS and coupled upper and lower surface of NS respectively . Thus the influence of AuNP size surface AuNP coverage NP NP spacing and NS thickness on the localized electric field was analyzed in details . The LSP resonance between NP NS has been predicted to be the most important effect on SERS which is dominant stable and can maintain the SERS intensity even at a relatively low NP coverage . If a slight deviation of AuNPs away from their original periodic positions was permitted a disordered model was then constructed which would more closely approximate the real AuNP NS hybrid structure and was able to calculate the influence of disorder on LSP resonance . A blue shift of the resonance peak was observed and its peak intensity would increase first and decrease then with the increase of NP NP spacing . FDTD simulations have finally illustrated that NP coverage should be controlled ranging from 80.0 to 87.0 or just equal to 100 if both AuNP size and NP thickness is controlled to 10nm . The FDTD simulation results are qualitative agreement with the existing experimental data and are very useful in the future materials designs for AuNS based nanocomposite .,A blue shift of the resonance peak was observed and its peak intensity would increase first and decrease then with the increase of NP NP spacing . Thus the influence of AuNP size surface AuNP coverage NP NP spacing and NS thickness on the localized electric field was analyzed in details . The FDTD simulation results are qualitative agreement with the existing experimental data and are very useful in the future materials designs for AuNS based nanocomposite .936935,One of the efficient strategies to enhance light harvesting capability of metal oxides nanoparticles is to deposit low band gap metal sulfides on them via pseudo successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction,One of the efficient strategies to enhance light harvesting capability of metal oxides nanoparticles is to deposit low band gap metal sulfides on them via pseudo successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction937936,High throughput density functional theory calculations have been typically performed with reduced accuracy and notable error in the band gap . Here we suggest several approaches to calculate the optoelectronic properties by using coarser,Here we suggest several approaches to calculate the optoelectronic properties by using coarser High throughput density functional theory calculations have been typically performed with reduced accuracy and notable error in the band gap .938937,topology in two dimensional group IVA materials has been explained by the band orders due to the crystal field splitting at the,topology in two dimensional group IVA materials has been explained by the band orders due to the crystal field splitting at the939938,A multi scale model linking microstructure and macro electric properties of ferroelectric field effect transistor is established based on the phase field method and Maxwell s total current law . The simulation results confirm that the channel current of FeFET is modulated by local interface ferroelectric domains which are easily affected by the microstructure . Using the developed transistor model we investigate the effects of location of dislocation sites on hysteresis behavior of ferroelectric film and electric behavior of FeFET . Interfacial dislocations have strong effects on hysteresis behavior than internal dislocations since the former can induce imprint behavior while the latter only reduce the coercive field . However due to the,Using the developed transistor model we investigate the effects of location of dislocation sites on hysteresis behavior of ferroelectric film and electric behavior of FeFET . A multi scale model linking microstructure and macro electric properties of ferroelectric field effect transistor is established based on the phase field method and Maxwell s total current law . The simulation results confirm that the channel current of FeFET is modulated by local interface ferroelectric domains which are easily affected by the microstructure .940939,The optimum choice of the ligand that stabilizes the colloidal quantum dots and passivate the surface is crucial for tuning the energy level and remain elusive . The atomic ligand passivation with iodide remains superior over other surface treatments . Herein we applied the iodide ligand to passivate the CdSe nanocrystals with an excitonic absorption at 2.1eV by a liquid liquid extraction process . We took the view of the change in the optical and structural properties upon ligand exchange . Finally we tested the performance of the iodide treated dots by employing it in an inverted structure polymer solar cell based on P3HT PCBM .,We took the view of the change in the optical and structural properties upon ligand exchange . Finally we tested the performance of the iodide treated dots by employing it in an inverted structure polymer solar cell based on P3HT PCBM . The optimum choice of the ligand that stabilizes the colloidal quantum dots and passivate the surface is crucial for tuning the energy level and remain elusive .941940,Ultrathin metal film with a ZnO Ag ZnO hybrid structure was used as transparent electrode in a high efficiency bulk heterojunction system for the fabrication of ITO free polymer solar cells . The performance of the devices was carefully tuned through optical simulation using transfer matrix method by varying the thickness of ZnO seed layer and thin absorber layer . By employing appropriate device architecture polymer solar cells fabricated using this UTMF based electrode show efficiency as high as 9.49 which is slightly higher compared to that of ITO based device . From good agreement between the external quantum efficiency and optical modeling it was found that the optimized microcavity configuration formed in UTMF based device can greatly enhance the absorbance of the BHJ layer at longer wavelength as well as the favored exciton distribution for better charge transport and collection .,The performance of the devices was carefully tuned through optical simulation using transfer matrix method by varying the thickness of ZnO seed layer and thin absorber layer . Ultrathin metal film with a ZnO Ag ZnO hybrid structure was used as transparent electrode in a high efficiency bulk heterojunction system for the fabrication of ITO free polymer solar cells . From good agreement between the external quantum efficiency and optical modeling it was found that the optimized microcavity configuration formed in UTMF based device can greatly enhance the absorbance of the BHJ layer at longer wavelength as well as the favored exciton distribution for better charge transport and collection .942941,Van der Waals layered transition metal dichalcogenides as atomically flat two dimensional materials have been studied extensively in both fundamental science and application fields in recent years . The reduced dimensional properties of TMDCs not only provide a route for the fabricating of efficient field effect transistors and optoelectronic devices but also suggest the possibility of the devices that utilize quantum coherency . In this work we characterize the electron transport properties of ReS,In this work we characterize the electron transport properties of ReS The reduced dimensional properties of TMDCs not only provide a route for the fabricating of efficient field effect transistors and optoelectronic devices but also suggest the possibility of the devices that utilize quantum coherency . Van der Waals layered transition metal dichalcogenides as atomically flat two dimensional materials have been studied extensively in both fundamental science and application fields in recent years .943942,In the mechanism of two dimensional superconductivity in doped graphene it was predicted that the presence of dopant bands plays a key role . However it has been challenging to fabricate an ordered phase of alkali metals on graphene owing to its van der Waals nature . We systematically study the phase formation of Rb on graphene epitaxially grown on H passivated SiC . We found a range of control parameters that stabilize the well ordered 2,We systematically study the phase formation of Rb on graphene epitaxially grown on H passivated SiC . We found a range of control parameters that stabilize the well ordered 2 In the mechanism of two dimensional superconductivity in doped graphene it was predicted that the presence of dopant bands plays a key role .944943,This paper is devoted to studying the thermal and mechanical properties of aminated graphene epoxy nanocomposites connected by covalent bond using molecular dynamics simulation . The effects of crosslinking degree mass fraction and functionalized graphene type on AG epoxy nanocomposites are considered . The elasticity modulus,This paper is devoted to studying the thermal and mechanical properties of aminated graphene epoxy nanocomposites connected by covalent bond using molecular dynamics simulation . The effects of crosslinking degree mass fraction and functionalized graphene type on AG epoxy nanocomposites are considered . The elasticity modulus945944,ITO Au ITO multilayer thin films were deposited onto polycarbonate substrate via magnetron sputtering technique without intentional heating . The deposition times of both ITO and Au layers were studied to optimize the overall transparency and conductivity . As prepared thin films were characterized using X ray diffraction analysis secondary ion mass spectroscopy scanning and transmission electron microscopy atomic force microscopy and physical property measurement system . The optical measurement results revealed that the transmittance of the films were enhanced by increasing the gold deposition time up to 15s . Beyond this point further increasing the duration caused a decrease in optical transmittance . Upon optimization of the Au deposition time the deposition duration of ITO layers was also studied to increase electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness . Maximum EMI SE in this work was measured as 26.8dB yielding 99.8 power attenuation which was verified by simulation results .,The optical measurement results revealed that the transmittance of the films were enhanced by increasing the gold deposition time up to 15s . The deposition times of both ITO and Au layers were studied to optimize the overall transparency and conductivity . Upon optimization of the Au deposition time the deposition duration of ITO layers was also studied to increase electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness .946945,Silicon solar cell texturing is the process of reducing the light reflection of the solar cells by changing their surface structure . Given that multi crystalline silicon wafers have grains with different orientations their texturing process is more difficult to realize compared with those of monocrystalline silicon wafers . There are two types of texturing processes wet and dry texturing . Acidic solution based wet textured mc Si samples have higher reflectance values than mono Si wafers . However the reactive ion etching texturing of mc Si wafers has the advantage of decreasing reflectance to values below 10 . Despite this decrease in reflectance RIE byproducts and plasma induced damage bring about recombination that results in a decrease the passivation properties of the solar cell . In this study the RIE byproducts as well as the plasma induced damage of the RIE textured mc Si wafers were analyzed using SEM STEM and EDS analysis while quasi steady state photoconductance was used to confirm the optical characteristics of the RIE textured mc Si wafers . Additionally HF treatment resulted in byproduct removal and a relatively high implied V,Silicon solar cell texturing is the process of reducing the light reflection of the solar cells by changing their surface structure . Despite this decrease in reflectance RIE byproducts and plasma induced damage bring about recombination that results in a decrease the passivation properties of the solar cell . In this study the RIE byproducts as well as the plasma induced damage of the RIE textured mc Si wafers were analyzed using SEM STEM and EDS analysis while quasi steady state photoconductance was used to confirm the optical characteristics of the RIE textured mc Si wafers .947946,In this paper the performance of bulk heterojunction organic solar cells in the presence of random dispersed Ag nanoparticles into the active layer is investigated . By the well known Maxwell Garnett effective medium theory we have analyzed the optical absorption of P3HT PCBM and PCDTBT PCBM photoactive blends when spherical Ag NPs are randomly embedded in them . The photocurrent enhancement of OSCs based on the blend AgNP composites has been examined by an analytical drift diffusion method . Our theoretical analysis demonstrates a considerable enhancement in the optical absorption of the blends with Ag NPs resulted in the power conversion efficiency improvement of the devices up to 65.6 in comparison with the reference blends . In addition the spectrally correlation of simulated external quantum efficiency and the absorption coefficient enhancements proves the influence of localized surface plasmon resonance of the Ag NPs in boosting the performance of the OSC devices .,In this paper the performance of bulk heterojunction organic solar cells in the presence of random dispersed Ag nanoparticles into the active layer is investigated . The photocurrent enhancement of OSCs based on the blend AgNP composites has been examined by an analytical drift diffusion method . In addition the spectrally correlation of simulated external quantum efficiency and the absorption coefficient enhancements proves the influence of localized surface plasmon resonance of the Ag NPs in boosting the performance of the OSC devices .948947,Vertically aligned carbon nanotubes are used as electron source in various field emission applications owing to its high aspect ratio chemical inertness mechanical strength and electrical conductivity . Here we demonstrate that surface structure modification along with thin film coating enhances the field emission performance such as turn on voltage emission site density and stability . In the present study VCNTs with different heights were grown on silicon wafers by thermal chemical vapor deposition followed by the structure modification of VCNTs using capillarity driven water vapor condensation . We obtained various surface morphologies by varying the water vapor exposure time and heating temperature . In addition the structure modified VCNTs surfaces were coated with W and SiO,In the present study VCNTs with different heights were grown on silicon wafers by thermal chemical vapor deposition followed by the structure modification of VCNTs using capillarity driven water vapor condensation . We obtained various surface morphologies by varying the water vapor exposure time and heating temperature . In addition the structure modified VCNTs surfaces were coated with W and SiO949948,Nitrogen doped graphene quantum dots with high blue fluorescence efficiency were synthesized by the hydrothermal method from p Phenylenediamine and p Coumaric acid . The N GQDs possess several superiorities most significantly in excellent solubility and superior photostability . Besides the as prepared N GQDs exhibit a uniform size distribution with a diameter of about 3.80.5nm . After dispersing the N GQDs in water the formed aqueous solution still presents a stable and homogeneous phase even after 2monthsat room temperature . The N GQD dispersion was further utilized as sensing probes for the selective detection of copper ions Cu,Nitrogen doped graphene quantum dots with high blue fluorescence efficiency were synthesized by the hydrothermal method from p Phenylenediamine and p Coumaric acid . Besides the as prepared N GQDs exhibit a uniform size distribution with a diameter of about 3.80.5nm . The N GQDs possess several superiorities most significantly in excellent solubility and superior photostability .950949,The absolute density measurement of atomic species such as hydrogen is crucial for plasma processing because of their strong chemical reactivity . In this work to measure the hydrogen atom density in Ar H,In this work to measure the hydrogen atom density in Ar H The absolute density measurement of atomic species such as hydrogen is crucial for plasma processing because of their strong chemical reactivity .951950,The memristive effect become a bio electronics research focus with the development of sustainable systems and the application of multifunctional electronic devices . In this paper the natural Lophatherum gracile Brongn was employed as active layer to prepare Ag LGB fluorine doped tin oxide bio memristor . Further different doping ratios nano silver powders were doped into LGB functional layers at 0wt 0.2wt 0.33wt 1.0wt 2.0wt 10.0wt and 20.0wt . It is found that the capacitive coupled memristive performance of the Ag Ag doped LGB FTO devices was markedly changed . Finally it is confirmed that Ag ions transferring and Ag filament formation under the applied voltage are responsible for capacitive coupled memristive behavior . This research has revealed the realization of capacitive coupled memristive effect of bio memristor which opens a new way to achieve multifunctional performance for electronic device .,The memristive effect become a bio electronics research focus with the development of sustainable systems and the application of multifunctional electronic devices . In this paper the natural Lophatherum gracile Brongn was employed as active layer to prepare Ag LGB fluorine doped tin oxide bio memristor . It is found that the capacitive coupled memristive performance of the Ag Ag doped LGB FTO devices was markedly changed .952951,A microwave excited atmospheric pressure plasma jet was generated utilizing coaxial transmission line resonators with the resonance frequency of 788MHz . We investigated the effects of the operating parameters such as input power and gas flow rate on the electron excitation temperature and electron density using optical emission spectroscopy . The amounts of various reactive species in the plasma activated media exposed by the ME APPJ were estimated using colorimetric methods . The PAM was applied to A549 cultured cells and subsequently incubated for a given duration . The concentrations of NO,The concentrations of NO A microwave excited atmospheric pressure plasma jet was generated utilizing coaxial transmission line resonators with the resonance frequency of 788MHz . The amounts of various reactive species in the plasma activated media exposed by the ME APPJ were estimated using colorimetric methods .953952,We explore the effects of interlayer vacancy defects on the vibrational properties of Bernal stacking bilayer armchair graphene nanoribbons using the forced vibrational method . It is observed that the Raman active longitudinal optical phonon of BiAGNR is shifted downward with the decrease of the ribbon width and an increase of the vacancy concentrations . We find that vacancies induce some new peaks in the low frequency regime of the phonon density of states . Our calculated typical mode patterns elucidate that the localized transverse optical phonon at the K point is shifted towards the defect sites from the edges with increased vacancy concentrations . In addition the impact of defect induced phonon modes on the specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity of BiAGNRs are discussed . These results present a new way of understanding the heat dissipation phenomena of graphene based high performance nanodevices and to clarify the Raman and the experiments related to the phonon properties .,In addition the impact of defect induced phonon modes on the specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity of BiAGNRs are discussed . We find that vacancies induce some new peaks in the low frequency regime of the phonon density of states . We explore the effects of interlayer vacancy defects on the vibrational properties of Bernal stacking bilayer armchair graphene nanoribbons using the forced vibrational method .954953,Carbon based Perovskite Solar cells have emerged as the most promising candidates for commercialisation in the field of perovskite photovoltaics as they are highly stable low cost and make use of easily scaled manufacturing techniques . However the limited conductivity of the carbon electrode inhibits performance and represents a significant barrier to commercial application . his work presents a scalable method for enhancing the carbon electrode conductivity through the integration of aluminium and copper grids into prefabricated CPSCs . Adhered to the cells using an additional low temperature carbon ink the metallic grids were found to dramatically reduce top electrode series resistance leading to a large improvement in fill factor and efficiency . After grid integration the 1cm,his work presents a scalable method for enhancing the carbon electrode conductivity through the integration of aluminium and copper grids into prefabricated CPSCs . However the limited conductivity of the carbon electrode inhibits performance and represents a significant barrier to commercial application . Adhered to the cells using an additional low temperature carbon ink the metallic grids were found to dramatically reduce top electrode series resistance leading to a large improvement in fill factor and efficiency .955954,Various studies suggest that the performances of TMDs are largely thickness dependent . In this paper we develop a chemical vapor deposition method to synthesis monolayer and bilayer MoS,In this paper we develop a chemical vapor deposition method to synthesis monolayer and bilayer MoS Various studies suggest that the performances of TMDs are largely thickness dependent .956955,H nuclear magnetic resonance measurements have been performed to study the proton dynamics associated with the antiferroelectric transition of a hydrogen bonded single crystal of CsH,H nuclear magnetic resonance measurements have been performed to study the proton dynamics associated with the antiferroelectric transition of a hydrogen bonded single crystal of CsH957956,The transient photocurrent technique was performed to explore the dynamics of excitons and carriers at organic active layer buffer layer interfaces . A special device with ITO PEIE NPB C,The transient photocurrent technique was performed to explore the dynamics of excitons and carriers at organic active layer buffer layer interfaces . A special device with ITO PEIE NPB C958957,Electrical charge transport through two basic strands Thymine and Adenine of DNA has been analyzed using jellium model approach . The FFT 2D computations have been performed for semi empirical Extended Huckel Theory using Atomistix Tool kit to contemplate the charge transport metrics like current and conductance . We have scrutinized the behavior of the devices in the range of 2V2V for a step size of 0.2V . A prominent observation is the drop in HLGs of Adenine and Thymine when working as device as compared to their intrinsic values and this is comparative more visible in case of Adenine . The current in the thymine based device exhibit linear increase with voltage in spite of having low conductance . Further the broader transmission peaks represent the strong coupling of electrodes to the scattering molecule . The NDR effect of Adenine based device for higher bias can be utilized in various future electronics applications .,The NDR effect of Adenine based device for higher bias can be utilized in various future electronics applications . Further the broader transmission peaks represent the strong coupling of electrodes to the scattering molecule . The current in the thymine based device exhibit linear increase with voltage in spite of having low conductance .959958,A gas field ion source has several advantages such as high current density low energy spread and high brightness . In this study Helium gas was used in a GFIS generated using the field ionization and field evaporation processes . The oriented three adatoms tip and single atom tip were prepared with its ion emission stability 9.8 and 10.1 by the nitrogen field assisted etching respectively . The TAT and SAT were reproduced throughout the field evaporation and nitrogen field assisted etching along the same crystal axis with its brightness 2.610,In this study Helium gas was used in a GFIS generated using the field ionization and field evaporation processes . The oriented three adatoms tip and single atom tip were prepared with its ion emission stability 9.8 and 10.1 by the nitrogen field assisted etching respectively . The TAT and SAT were reproduced throughout the field evaporation and nitrogen field assisted etching along the same crystal axis with its brightness 2.610960959,Tungsten oxide is an electrochromic material from which thin films are conventionally fabricated via heat treatment . Here we develop a flash light sintering method to reduce sintering time sintering delivers instantaneous photon energy created via the photothermal effect . The electrochromic efficiency of device with a flash light sintered electrode was 88.50cm,The electrochromic efficiency of device with a flash light sintered electrode was 88.50cm Here we develop a flash light sintering method to reduce sintering time sintering delivers instantaneous photon energy created via the photothermal effect . Tungsten oxide is an electrochromic material from which thin films are conventionally fabricated via heat treatment .961960,We report that sequential deposition of a highly crystalline polymer donor and a soluble fullerene acceptor leads to a well defined interpenetrating network and enhanced power conversion efficiencies in bilayer polymer solar cells . Even without the use of solvent additives layered thin films of poly alt 2 2 5 2 5 2 quaterthiophen 5 5 diyl and phenyl C,Even without the use of solvent additives layered thin films of poly alt 2 2 5 2 5 2 quaterthiophen 5 5 diyl and phenyl C We report that sequential deposition of a highly crystalline polymer donor and a soluble fullerene acceptor leads to a well defined interpenetrating network and enhanced power conversion efficiencies in bilayer polymer solar cells .962961,We report a cobalt ferrite nanorods based magnetically tunable spur line notch filter where vertically aligned CFO NRs has been grown on silver nanoparticles coated silicon substrate . The CFO NRs are coupled with high frequency spur line bandstop filter in flip chip configuration and the device showed excellent tunable microwave properties in the presence of a low bias magnetic field . The center frequency of the tunable filter is 16.4GHz which is shifted to 14.9GHz with 8.7 tunability by applying bias magnetic field 320Oe . The magnetic field tuning of the center frequency is explained on the basis of the change in permeability value of the CFO NRs with bias magnetic field as the NRs are used in the partially magnetized state . For validation permeability value is also calculated by using numerical equations . The experimental reflection of the device has been supported with a simulation using CST microwave studio software .,The CFO NRs are coupled with high frequency spur line bandstop filter in flip chip configuration and the device showed excellent tunable microwave properties in the presence of a low bias magnetic field . The magnetic field tuning of the center frequency is explained on the basis of the change in permeability value of the CFO NRs with bias magnetic field as the NRs are used in the partially magnetized state . The center frequency of the tunable filter is 16.4GHz which is shifted to 14.9GHz with 8.7 tunability by applying bias magnetic field 320Oe .963962,Stimuli responsive conjugated macrocyclic systems has shown significant attention in organic electronics however amongst them porphyrins and phthalocyanines unveiled remarkable growth towards materials and biological applications . Herein we report bulk electrolysis of Zn phthalocyanine system,Herein we report bulk electrolysis of Zn phthalocyanine system Stimuli responsive conjugated macrocyclic systems has shown significant attention in organic electronics however amongst them porphyrins and phthalocyanines unveiled remarkable growth towards materials and biological applications .964963,Ge Sb Te pseudo binary compounds are known to be phase change materials . Most of these chalcogenide compounds are candidate for future phase change random access memory applications since they show abrupt change on crystalline amorphous phase change process . For the use in next generation applications increase of retention properties and decrease of power needed for phase change process are required . These phase change properties depend on various material characteristics and thermal conductivity is one of them . In this study to introduce an easier method for evaluating the local structural anharmonicity of phase change materials optical pump terahertz probe experiments were performed . By investigating the phonon behaviours in PCM by this method and comparing them with local structural information extracted from extended X ray absorption fine structure on Ge,In this study to introduce an easier method for evaluating the local structural anharmonicity of phase change materials optical pump terahertz probe experiments were performed . For the use in next generation applications increase of retention properties and decrease of power needed for phase change process are required . By investigating the phonon behaviours in PCM by this method and comparing them with local structural information extracted from extended X ray absorption fine structure on Ge965964,Among the conventional metallic inks used in the printing process silver exhibits high conductivity and thermal stability . Nevertheless due to the high cost of silver it can not be extensively used for the fabrication of inks . As a competitive alternative copper can be considered as a substitute for silver however copper ink oxidizes under certain atmospheric conditions . To meet these shortcomings a cost effective highly conductive and oxidation free copper based ink has been synthesized in this study wherein oxidation of the copper particles in the copper based ink was prevented by using copper complexes . The copper ink thus fabricated was printed on chemically treated Si SiO,The copper ink thus fabricated was printed on chemically treated Si SiO Among the conventional metallic inks used in the printing process silver exhibits high conductivity and thermal stability . Nevertheless due to the high cost of silver it can not be extensively used for the fabrication of inks .966965,We explore graphene as interface modifier for electrodes in optoelectronic organic devices by measuring the electrical properties of ITO graphene and ITO Cr graphene . For this purpose exfoliated graphene was electrochemically synthesized and deposited by spray pyrolysis . The built in voltage values were 450mV for the ITO CuPc Al reference 750mV for ITO Cr graphene CuPc Al and 1000mV for ITO graphene CuPc Al device structures . From these results we estimate the work functions as 3.20eV 3.45eV and 4.75eV for ITO EG ITO Cr EG and ITO . To understand how the work function changes we carried out first principles calculations based on density functional theory where Cr work function is not modified by the deposition of pristine graphene however there is a substantial increase upon deposition of graphene oxide resulting from a complete transfer of O atoms from the GO sheet to the Cr surface forming a thin layer of chromium oxide .,To understand how the work function changes we carried out first principles calculations based on density functional theory where Cr work function is not modified by the deposition of pristine graphene however there is a substantial increase upon deposition of graphene oxide resulting from a complete transfer of O atoms from the GO sheet to the Cr surface forming a thin layer of chromium oxide . The built in voltage values were 450mV for the ITO CuPc Al reference 750mV for ITO Cr graphene CuPc Al and 1000mV for ITO graphene CuPc Al device structures . For this purpose exfoliated graphene was electrochemically synthesized and deposited by spray pyrolysis .967966,Voltage control magnetism is one of the most energy efficient pathway towards magnetoelectric device . Ionic liquid gating method has already shown impressive manipulation power at the IL electrode interface to influence the structure orbital as well as spin of the electrode materials . As key material in anisotropy magnetoresistance sensor and spin valve heterostructure the permalloy Ni,Voltage control magnetism is one of the most energy efficient pathway towards magnetoelectric device . As key material in anisotropy magnetoresistance sensor and spin valve heterostructure the permalloy Ni Ionic liquid gating method has already shown impressive manipulation power at the IL electrode interface to influence the structure orbital as well as spin of the electrode materials .968967,The paper is devoted to optical testing of mid infrared Ge Si photodetectors obtained by stacking of self assembled Ge quantum dots in multilayer structures which are near field coupled to the adjacent nanoplasmonic arrays of subwavelength holes in metallic films . It is shown that photocurrent and near field spectra consist of several sets of peaks which are attributted to surface plasmon waves localized surface plasmon modes or diffractive Rayleigh anomaly depending on the hole diameter and the angle of incidence . We find that for small holes the greatest contribution to the photocurrent enhancement is due to the excitation of the surface plasmon polariton waves for all . As the hole diameter is increased and becomes comparable with the array periodicity the normal incident photoresponse improvement is provided by the Rayleigh anomaly . With the increase of incident angle the photocurrent enhancement is supposed to arise from coupling of the localized shape resonance and propagating plasmon modes .,The paper is devoted to optical testing of mid infrared Ge Si photodetectors obtained by stacking of self assembled Ge quantum dots in multilayer structures which are near field coupled to the adjacent nanoplasmonic arrays of subwavelength holes in metallic films . With the increase of incident angle the photocurrent enhancement is supposed to arise from coupling of the localized shape resonance and propagating plasmon modes . We find that for small holes the greatest contribution to the photocurrent enhancement is due to the excitation of the surface plasmon polariton waves for all .969968,An advanced approach to minimize the light loss was discussed for III V solar cells by controlling the roughnesses of the device surface . Adhesives with different viscosities were applied to bond the III V solar cells with the supporting substrate before the epitaxial lift off process . The surface roughness of the III V solar cells with epoxy adhesive,An advanced approach to minimize the light loss was discussed for III V solar cells by controlling the roughnesses of the device surface . The surface roughness of the III V solar cells with epoxy adhesive Adhesives with different viscosities were applied to bond the III V solar cells with the supporting substrate before the epitaxial lift off process .970969,A single walled carbon nanotube with conjugated polymer molecules is analyzed via optical spectroscopy . The presence of strongly localized excitonic states in the SWCNT is confirmed using time integrated photoluminescence . The PL spectrum exhibits extremely narrow width which is attributed to the strong confinement of the states by polymer molecules . In addition I observed that the excited states are gradually filled as a function of the excitation power which supports the localized excitonic behavior . Only the ground excitonic state is observed at low excitation powers but three additional PL peaks appear as the excitation power is increased . Especially the power dependent PL spectrum shows a blueshift and increased width which can be elucidated in terms of quantum confined stark effect and the screening of induced electric fields . Overall I demonstrate that the presence of polymer molecules induces several localized states in a single SWCNT .,The presence of strongly localized excitonic states in the SWCNT is confirmed using time integrated photoluminescence . Overall I demonstrate that the presence of polymer molecules induces several localized states in a single SWCNT . Especially the power dependent PL spectrum shows a blueshift and increased width which can be elucidated in terms of quantum confined stark effect and the screening of induced electric fields .971970,This paper presents an improvement of the acoustoelectric effect by sensitivity and response of ultraviolet sensors by changing the argon oxygen ratio . The acoustoelectric sensor is a delay line type with a center frequency of 240.2625MHz and fabricated on a piezoelectric substrate . Aluminum thin films were deposited as interdigitated transducers and patterned and the ZnO thin film was deposited as a UV sensing layer by controlling the ratio of argon and oxygen with an RF magnetron sputtering . By increasing the oxygen partial pressure during ZnO deposition the photoconductivity increased by 6.5 times thereby increasing the frequency change related to the sensitivity of the sensor . The sensitivity to UV light was 110.4Hzcm,This paper presents an improvement of the acoustoelectric effect by sensitivity and response of ultraviolet sensors by changing the argon oxygen ratio . The acoustoelectric sensor is a delay line type with a center frequency of 240.2625MHz and fabricated on a piezoelectric substrate . By increasing the oxygen partial pressure during ZnO deposition the photoconductivity increased by 6.5 times thereby increasing the frequency change related to the sensitivity of the sensor .972971,Detecting the hazardous gases for monitoring air pollution and medical diagnosis make highly sensitive gas sensors appeal to many researches . In this paper benefiting from unique properties of noble metals Al doped ZnO based Ethanol sensors were fabricated and characterized in three structures including Al ZnO thin film Silver and Gold nano islands on Al ZnO thin film . The Silver and Gold thin films turn to nano islands after a simple annealing process . The XRD analysis of the sputtered Al ZnO layer indicates the wurtzite crystal structure of the layer with a peak at plane . Moreover the sensitivity study reveals that Nano islands of noble metals substantially affects the sensitivity of the sensors . The decorated Gold nano island Al ZnO Ethanol sensor has the highest response showing an amount of 45 . The response of Al ZnO and Silver decorated Al ZnO sensors are virtually identical to all concentrations of Ethanol whereas the Al ZnO gas sensor with Gold nano islands has the substantial sensitivity for different concentrations . In addition the response times of the sensors are 85 70 and 90s for Al ZnO Al ZnO with Ag islands and Al ZnO decorated by Au islands respectively . The recovery time of Al ZnO sensor decorated by Au islands is about 23s while the recovery time of the Al ZnO and Al ZnO decorated by Silver islands are 360 and 370s respectively . Hence the simple annealing process on the sputtered gas sensor with a thin layer of Gold makes nano islands on the sensor which elevates the performance of Ethanol sensing due to the high sensitivity and sensitivity of the sensor .,Moreover the sensitivity study reveals that Nano islands of noble metals substantially affects the sensitivity of the sensors . The recovery time of Al ZnO sensor decorated by Au islands is about 23s while the recovery time of the Al ZnO and Al ZnO decorated by Silver islands are 360 and 370s respectively . The XRD analysis of the sputtered Al ZnO layer indicates the wurtzite crystal structure of the layer with a peak at plane .973972,Thickness influence on structural optical and electrical properties of sputtered indium tin oxide with thickness ranging from 60 up to 430nm films has been studied . At the increase of the film thickness crystallinity degree and grain size increased whereas tensile structural distortion as well as resistivity decreased . It was observed that a microstructure evolution takes place the initial amorphous layer evolved in polycrystalline phase with a grainsubgrain surface morphology . Carrier concentration increased at the increase of the film thickness and a general relationship between electrical characteristics and structural distortion has been found . In thinner films larger tensile distortion allowed to include larger amount of interstitial O and or Sn atoms in the lattice . An appreciable impact of the thickness was also observed on electro optical properties in terms of changes in energy gap resistivity and optical absorption . Silicon heterojunction solar cells have been produced and J,An appreciable impact of the thickness was also observed on electro optical properties in terms of changes in energy gap resistivity and optical absorption . Carrier concentration increased at the increase of the film thickness and a general relationship between electrical characteristics and structural distortion has been found . It was observed that a microstructure evolution takes place the initial amorphous layer evolved in polycrystalline phase with a grainsubgrain surface morphology .974973,Iron is significant earth abundant and inexpensive materials in everyday use . Non toxicity and clean manufacturing process is still a challenging role in scientific world . The chain like Fe,The chain like Fe Iron is significant earth abundant and inexpensive materials in everyday use . Non toxicity and clean manufacturing process is still a challenging role in scientific world .975974,We investigate the crossed Andreev reflection through a quantum dot coupled to topological superconducting single stranded DNA . It is found that the topological nontrivial states appear in the QD due to leakage of the Majorana zero mode . Majorana zero mode can be identified by measuring the CAR . This device can be used as a Majorana zero mode detector that relies on the system parameters such as the spin orbit coupling the twist angle molecular length . A high efficiency Cooper pair splitter can be realized by regulating the magnitude and direction of the gate voltage . In additions the signature of CAR is robust against the Coulomb blockade and the disorder induced by distinct amino acids . This work provides an alternative method for detection of Majorana zero mode in ssDNA .,In additions the signature of CAR is robust against the Coulomb blockade and the disorder induced by distinct amino acids . A high efficiency Cooper pair splitter can be realized by regulating the magnitude and direction of the gate voltage . We investigate the crossed Andreev reflection through a quantum dot coupled to topological superconducting single stranded DNA .976975,In this paper a plasma photonic crystal for infrared radiation modulation which is composed of indium tin oxide and plasma is proposed . The performance of plasma photonic crystal in near infrared radiation modulation is researched by transfer matrix method . The simulation results show that the near infrared radiation pass band can be adjusted by the changing of plasma frequency of plasma . The reflection to near infrared radiation by plasma photonic crystal increases with plasma frequency and that of absorption decreases . In addition the modulation performance of the plasma photonic crystal at different incidence wave angles is also studied . The results show that the incident wave angles have little effect on the transmission of plasma photonic crystal in near infrared band . The reflection of the plasma photonic crystal to near infrared radiation decreases with increasing of the incident wave angle but that of the absorption increases with the incident wave angle . Therefore the proposed plasma photonic crystal has a potential application in tunable near infrared filter devices .,In this paper a plasma photonic crystal for infrared radiation modulation which is composed of indium tin oxide and plasma is proposed . The performance of plasma photonic crystal in near infrared radiation modulation is researched by transfer matrix method . The results show that the incident wave angles have little effect on the transmission of plasma photonic crystal in near infrared band .977976,The performance of ultra thin AuAgAu tri layer film deposited thermally over a flexible substrate is investigated using structural optical mechanical and electrical transport measurements . The optimum total thickness of the tri layer for high transparency and conductivity is determined to be around 8nm using a theoretical model . The AuAgAu tri layer shows maximum transmittance at wavelength 500nm . XRD pattern shows peak corresponding to plane of Au and or Ag . Sheet resistance measured at 300K using four probe technique is stable up to 150C . Hall effect measurements show high conductivity 1.3410,The optimum total thickness of the tri layer for high transparency and conductivity is determined to be around 8nm using a theoretical model . The performance of ultra thin AuAgAu tri layer film deposited thermally over a flexible substrate is investigated using structural optical mechanical and electrical transport measurements . The AuAgAu tri layer shows maximum transmittance at wavelength 500nm .978977,Advancements in technology have led to the use of smartphones as biosensor detectors . However it is difficult to obtain stable color information of colorimetric sensors using multiple smartphones owing to different light conditions and image correction operations . In this study we attempted color detection of the colorimetric paper chip using smartphone embedded light emitting diode and simple transformation calculation . This method enables the acquisition of stable color information using different smartphones by reducing the influence of external light sources . Moreover we studied characteristics such as convergence and distinction of detection result details by the manufacturers and smartphones . These findings suggested the necessity of classification criteria for the use of smartphones to achieve optimal detection . In addition white and black references were used to set the standard for color correction of various light sources . Based on our results we conclude that this approach presents the possibility of smartphone based colorimetric detection in practical applications .,In this study we attempted color detection of the colorimetric paper chip using smartphone embedded light emitting diode and simple transformation calculation . Based on our results we conclude that this approach presents the possibility of smartphone based colorimetric detection in practical applications . This method enables the acquisition of stable color information using different smartphones by reducing the influence of external light sources .979978,Inverted perovskite solar cells have been fascinated due to rapid progress of performance in recent years . PEDOT PSS is commonly used hole transport material in p i n PSCs having hygroscopic and acidic nature that leads towards poor performance of device . Therefore it is necessary to replace PEDOT PSS with stable HTM . In this paper theoretical study is carried out to investigate physical parameters that can affect the performance of p i n PSCs with copper iodide as HTM . These parameters include the effect of doping density of electron transport material absorber and HTM as well as defect density and thickness of absorber on the performance of p i n PSCs . Hole mobility and thickness of HTM are also investigated . It is found that performance of p i n PSCs is strongly dependent on defect density and thickness of absorber . Upon final optimization device attains PCE of more than 21 which is encouraging .,In this paper theoretical study is carried out to investigate physical parameters that can affect the performance of p i n PSCs with copper iodide as HTM . PEDOT PSS is commonly used hole transport material in p i n PSCs having hygroscopic and acidic nature that leads towards poor performance of device . Hole mobility and thickness of HTM are also investigated .980979,A novel and facile hydrothermal route was designed to produce h BN C quantum dots using h BN powder as a precursor and Potassium Sodium Tartare as an intercalant . The resulting yellow solution possessed mono or few layers of quantum dots with an average size of 2.5nm . Due to the incorporation of functional groups on the surface of h BN an enhancement of photo luminescent magnitude and a blue shift were observed in photoluminescence spectra from h BN C QDTs solution . Further h BN C QDTs exhibits a bright blue fluorescence under the irradiation by a 365nm UV light . Next h BN QDTs was utilized as the dielectric active layer by using simple drop casting method between the electrodes and fabricated the nonvolatile resistive switching devices . The fabricated devices exhibited the nonvolatile bipolar resistive switching characteristics with 10,Next h BN QDTs was utilized as the dielectric active layer by using simple drop casting method between the electrodes and fabricated the nonvolatile resistive switching devices . The fabricated devices exhibited the nonvolatile bipolar resistive switching characteristics with 10 The resulting yellow solution possessed mono or few layers of quantum dots with an average size of 2.5nm .981980,An investigation of the treatment effect of atmospheric cold plasma generated reactive oxygen species against problematic bacteria of chronic wounds is presented . To study ROS effects specifically a vacuum chamber with a flowmeter to control the background gas composition and a mesh electrode for a dielectric barrier discharge device were used . In addition a numerical modeling was developed to simulate the amount of ROS flux transported from the mesh electrode to determine which of the ROS species was the main factor in the treatment effect . Considering the experimental and computational results and the effective transport distance of each species ozone could be the main factor in the experimental results .,An investigation of the treatment effect of atmospheric cold plasma generated reactive oxygen species against problematic bacteria of chronic wounds is presented . Considering the experimental and computational results and the effective transport distance of each species ozone could be the main factor in the experimental results . In addition a numerical modeling was developed to simulate the amount of ROS flux transported from the mesh electrode to determine which of the ROS species was the main factor in the treatment effect .982981,Biomimetic inspiration from the moth eye structure has led to many studies combining nanoimprint lithography to realize low cost and large area anti reflection coatings . However the scope of application is severely limited by poor mechanical performance due to the intrinsic properties of the coating materials and the nanosized patterns . In this work we demonstrate a moth eye structured epoxy siloxane molecular hybrid fabricated using single UV based NIL on a colorless polyimide to be utilized as a flexible cover window for foldable displays . Low reflection a superhydrophobicity and good inward foldability were achieved together with excellent thermal and chemical resistance . Furthermore in situ uniaxial compression tests revealed that the fabricated structure can be elastically deformed and nearly restored to its original shape even after a large degree of compression . Our findings provide an easy to integrate solution for flexible hard coatings with superhydrophobic and AR properties applicable to foldable optoelectronics .,Furthermore in situ uniaxial compression tests revealed that the fabricated structure can be elastically deformed and nearly restored to its original shape even after a large degree of compression . However the scope of application is severely limited by poor mechanical performance due to the intrinsic properties of the coating materials and the nanosized patterns . Low reflection a superhydrophobicity and good inward foldability were achieved together with excellent thermal and chemical resistance .983982,It was demonstrated that the electrochemical performance enhancements in KOH activated carbon materials should be mainly due to the created polar oxygen containing functional groups OFGs such as such as CO C,It was demonstrated that the electrochemical performance enhancements in KOH activated carbon materials should be mainly due to the created polar oxygen containing functional groups OFGs such as such as CO C984983,We demonstrate a highly efficient broadband fiber optic intermodal converter . The technique relies on a long period grating mechanically induced in a two mode fiber . A compact portable apparatus was designed and fabricated where period variable metallic corrugation is implemented to form periodic micro bends along the fiber . The coupling strength between the interacting fiber modes and the grating period can be tuned continuously and individually using two control knobs in the apparatus . Experimental results show that the complete coupling between the LP,The technique relies on a long period grating mechanically induced in a two mode fiber . The coupling strength between the interacting fiber modes and the grating period can be tuned continuously and individually using two control knobs in the apparatus . Experimental results show that the complete coupling between the LP985984,The emission properties of the rare earth elements have been found to be sensitive to the local lattice environment around them and could be employed for probing the local lattice environment . Because each constituent ion of a material should have its own particular structural environment the emission profiles in RE elements depend strongly on the doping sites of RE elements inside the host crystals . We investigated the emission properties of the Eu,We investigated the emission properties of the Eu The emission properties of the rare earth elements have been found to be sensitive to the local lattice environment around them and could be employed for probing the local lattice environment . Because each constituent ion of a material should have its own particular structural environment the emission profiles in RE elements depend strongly on the doping sites of RE elements inside the host crystals .986985,Organic inorganic halide perovskite materials have been demonstrated with wide applications in optoelectronics and ionization radiation detection . For bulk as grown crystals the existence of surface cracks and defects can significantly increase charges recombination and reduce the performance of the device . Herein we polished the crystal surfaces with both mechanical and chemical mechanical methods at room temperature . After been chemical mechanical polished the crystal surface with root mean square roughness about 0.5nm was obtained . Optical transmission and photoluminescence spectra indicate that chemical mechanical polishing technology can effectively reduce the density of crystal surface defects . The achieved low leakage current density on the surface and bulk crystal is 0.05nAmm,Optical transmission and photoluminescence spectra indicate that chemical mechanical polishing technology can effectively reduce the density of crystal surface defects . The achieved low leakage current density on the surface and bulk crystal is 0.05nAmm Herein we polished the crystal surfaces with both mechanical and chemical mechanical methods at room temperature .987986,This report discusses the effect of speckle size on the quality of holographic images based on a liquid crystal on silicon spatial light modulator . Further it proposes methods of quantifying the average speckle size and holographic image resolution . These methods enable both characteristics to be compared using the same unit providing an intuitive and effective comparative analysis method . In particular by varying the LCoS resolution ratio the change in the resolvable minimum pixels of the holographic image is interpreted in conjunction with the average speckle size moreover an analysis of the correlation between the latter two is presented . This approach based on LCoS resolution division could provide useful insights into single SLM based full color holographic displays using space division . Furthermore it could be extended to other components including more advanced LCoS SLMs and used to identify the relative effects on image quality with speckles .,This report discusses the effect of speckle size on the quality of holographic images based on a liquid crystal on silicon spatial light modulator . Further it proposes methods of quantifying the average speckle size and holographic image resolution . In particular by varying the LCoS resolution ratio the change in the resolvable minimum pixels of the holographic image is interpreted in conjunction with the average speckle size moreover an analysis of the correlation between the latter two is presented .988987,A Carbon quantum dots supported ZnO hollow Sphere were synthesized through a solvothermal method using polyethylene glycol 400 as a solvent . The phase and crystal structure of as prepared ZnO C dots photocatalyst were characterized by powder X ray diffraction . The surface morphology and size of the composite were analyzed using field emission scanning microscopy . The optical properties of the as prepared nanocomposites were examined using UVvisible spectrometer . The photocatalytic activity of pure ZnO and ZnO C dots nanocomposites were evaluated by the degradation of methylene blue under UVVisible light irradiation . The ZnO C dots nanocomposites exhibited maximum photocatalytic MB dye degradation efficiency of 96 which is much higher that the pure ZnO . The enhanced photocatalytic activity of ZnO C dots is due to the extended light absorption in the visible region and suppressed photoexcited electron hole pair recombination rate . Moreover the activity of photocatalyst after five cycles exhibits high stability which is vital for the sustainable photocatalytic procedures . It is concluded that the prepared ZnO C dots composite have low cost good stability and has a great potential application for Photocatalytic dye degradation .,The surface morphology and size of the composite were analyzed using field emission scanning microscopy . The photocatalytic activity of pure ZnO and ZnO C dots nanocomposites were evaluated by the degradation of methylene blue under UVVisible light irradiation . The phase and crystal structure of as prepared ZnO C dots photocatalyst were characterized by powder X ray diffraction .989988,Understanding ferroelectric domain switching dynamics at the nanoscale is a great of importance in the viewpoints of fundamental physics and technological applications . Here we investigated the intriguing polarity dependent switching dynamics of ferroelectric domains in epitaxial BiFeO,Here we investigated the intriguing polarity dependent switching dynamics of ferroelectric domains in epitaxial BiFeO Understanding ferroelectric domain switching dynamics at the nanoscale is a great of importance in the viewpoints of fundamental physics and technological applications .990989,AlInN alloys offer great potential for photovoltaics thanks to their wide direct bandgap covering the solar spectrum from the infrared to the ultraviolet and their superior resistance to high temperatures and high energy particles . We report the design of AlInN on silicon heterojunctions grown by radio frequency sputtering to explore their potential for low cost devices . Particularly we study the influence of AlInN bandgap energy thickness and carrier concentration silicon surface recombination interface defect density and wafer quality on the photovoltaic properties of the junction . The effect of introducing an anti reflective coating is also assessed . Optimized AlInN on Si structures show a conversion efficiency of 23.6 under 1 sun AM1.5G illumination . In comparison with silicon homojunctions they own an improved responsivity at wavelengths below 500nm . These results make AlInN on Si heterojunctions a promising technology for solar devices with impact in space applications . Experimental results on novel AlInN on Si solar cells are also presented .,Particularly we study the influence of AlInN bandgap energy thickness and carrier concentration silicon surface recombination interface defect density and wafer quality on the photovoltaic properties of the junction . We report the design of AlInN on silicon heterojunctions grown by radio frequency sputtering to explore their potential for low cost devices . The effect of introducing an anti reflective coating is also assessed .991990,A high speed residue free transfer method using PDMS stamp and water infiltration between graphene and a hydrophilic surface is reported . Monolayer graphene was transferred from an enhanced fluorinated Al,A high speed residue free transfer method using PDMS stamp and water infiltration between graphene and a hydrophilic surface is reported . Monolayer graphene was transferred from an enhanced fluorinated Al992991,In this study a device design of single gated feedback field effect transistors is proposed to achieve latch up behaviors with high current gains . The latch up mechanism is examined by conducting an equivalent circuit analysis and the band diagram,In this study a device design of single gated feedback field effect transistors is proposed to achieve latch up behaviors with high current gains . The latch up mechanism is examined by conducting an equivalent circuit analysis and the band diagram993992,CIGS solar cells with power conversion efficiency in the range of 1.82 12.30 were obtained by using two step process and were further analyzed through various measurement techniques . Material parameters showed diverse values and some trends depending on the device performance . The lower performance device showed small integrated PL intensity short minority life time larger defect density and lower activation energy whereas the higher performance device showed opposite values . We investigated relationship between material parameters and PCE of solar cells and found that some physical parameters such as integrated PL intensity minority life time defect density and difference between band gap and activation energy E,CIGS solar cells with power conversion efficiency in the range of 1.82 12.30 were obtained by using two step process and were further analyzed through various measurement techniques . Material parameters showed diverse values and some trends depending on the device performance . The lower performance device showed small integrated PL intensity short minority life time larger defect density and lower activation energy whereas the higher performance device showed opposite values .994993,Herein we present a facile low cost and eco friendly approach for conversion of bamboo timber waste derived cellulose nanocrystals into strong blue luminescent graphene quantum dots by hydrothermal route . The various properties of synthesized Bf GQDs were investigated using different spectroscopic techniques . The probable mechanism of Bf GQDs formation from Bf CNCs and the effect of pH particle size on the fluorescent properties of Bf GQDs also executed . Furthermore Bf GQDs were used for the detection of curcumin in an aqueous environment which is the major prerequisite of the present study . The Bf GQDs showed remarkable photoluminescence quenching kinetics toward the curcumin LOD 30.0nML,The various properties of synthesized Bf GQDs were investigated using different spectroscopic techniques . Furthermore Bf GQDs were used for the detection of curcumin in an aqueous environment which is the major prerequisite of the present study . The probable mechanism of Bf GQDs formation from Bf CNCs and the effect of pH particle size on the fluorescent properties of Bf GQDs also executed .995994,Light emitting organic semiconductors have attracted considerable attention for the nanoscale fabrication of organic based displays and their potential application in optoelectronics plasmonics and photonics . In this study core shell hybrid nanostructures of organic rubrene coated on Ag nanoparticles have been synthesized using a chemical reduction method . The thickness of the rubrene shell was 2.66.0nm and the diameter of the Ag core was 3070nm . The optical and structural properties of the Ag rubrene core shell NPs were tuned by hydrothermal treatment at 190C . The Ag rubrene core shell NPs were characterized by high resolution transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive X ray spectroscopy before and after the HT treatment and their structural properties were confirmed through X ray diffraction analysis . XRD peaks related to an orthorhombic phase were observed along with the original triclinic crystal structure of the rubrene shell and the triclinic crystal domain size increased from 28.2nm to 30.8nm owing to the HT treatment . Interestingly the green light emission,The thickness of the rubrene shell was 2.66.0nm and the diameter of the Ag core was 3070nm . The optical and structural properties of the Ag rubrene core shell NPs were tuned by hydrothermal treatment at 190C . In this study core shell hybrid nanostructures of organic rubrene coated on Ag nanoparticles have been synthesized using a chemical reduction method .996995,The gate induced drain leakage effect in negative capacitance FinFET is investigated . A LandauGinzburgDevonshire equation is used to estimate the characteristics of the NC FinFET . Specifically metal ferroelectric metal insulator semiconductor and metal ferroelectric insulator semiconductor NC FinFETs are compared in order to figure out the effect of the internal metal layer on the GIDL effect . To analyze the impact of the polarization gradient on the GIDL effect in NC FinFET a polarization gradient coefficient is varied . For MFMIS the polarization gradient doesn t significantly affect the device performance . The subthreshold swing improves but the GIDL effect deteriorates because of the uniform NC effect in channel region . For MFIS the device performance is explicitly affected by the polarization gradient . Smaller polarization gradients result in non uniform NC effect in channel region resulting in severe GIDL effects . On the other hand higher polarization gradients alleviate GIDL effects .,To analyze the impact of the polarization gradient on the GIDL effect in NC FinFET a polarization gradient coefficient is varied . On the other hand higher polarization gradients alleviate GIDL effects . The gate induced drain leakage effect in negative capacitance FinFET is investigated .997996,A homoepitaxial GaAs channel gives a great interest in the field of semiconductor spintronics due to the longer spin diffusion . By utilizing optimal temperature process and V III flux ratio control the GaAs layer is grown without a serious defect . In a ferromagnet semiconductor hybrid device Tb,By utilizing optimal temperature process and V III flux ratio control the GaAs layer is grown without a serious defect . A homoepitaxial GaAs channel gives a great interest in the field of semiconductor spintronics due to the longer spin diffusion . In a ferromagnet semiconductor hybrid device Tb998997,The property changes of polymeric films upon degradation are important to develop strategies to prolong the device lifetimes . In this regard we investigated the effects of ultraviolet ozone treatment on the electronic structures of poly 9 9 dioctylfluorene,In this regard we investigated the effects of ultraviolet ozone treatment on the electronic structures of poly 9 9 dioctylfluorene The property changes of polymeric films upon degradation are important to develop strategies to prolong the device lifetimes .999998,We investigated the thermal and optical characteristics of AgCu alloy disc arrays to produce an optical filter with low near infrared transmittance and compared their properties with those of Ag disc array . Unlike the Ag discs the AgCu discs remained relatively stable with hillocks after annealing at 500C . The Ag and AgCu disc samples had similar transmittance characteristics showing a global minimum at 767nm and at 1081nm . Based on finite difference time domain simulations the global minimum was related to localised surface plasmon resonance . The Maxwell Garnett model was employed to interpret the red shift of the transmittance minima . The calculations showed that a mixture of agglomerated and stable Ag discs resulting in different,The Maxwell Garnett model was employed to interpret the red shift of the transmittance minima . The calculations showed that a mixture of agglomerated and stable Ag discs resulting in different We investigated the thermal and optical characteristics of AgCu alloy disc arrays to produce an optical filter with low near infrared transmittance and compared their properties with those of Ag disc array .1000999,Herein a highly integrated plasmonic sensor based on a multichannel metal insulator metal waveguide scheme for the simultaneous detection of multiple analytes is proposed . The numerical study is conducted via the finite element method based on commercially available software COMSOL . The sensor design is highly sensitive which can detect a minute change in the refractive index of the analyte . In this study we have used the refractive index values of three different concentrations of ethanol and,Herein a highly integrated plasmonic sensor based on a multichannel metal insulator metal waveguide scheme for the simultaneous detection of multiple analytes is proposed . The numerical study is conducted via the finite element method based on commercially available software COMSOL . In this study we have used the refractive index values of three different concentrations of ethanol and10011000,In this work we emphasize the importance of cavity geometry along with nanoparticle shape and plasmonic nanogap design which plays significant role in understanding the complex plasmonic mode characteristics involving nanoparticle and gap mode resonances . The cross section imprint of planar cavity on metallic film plays decisive role in near field enhancement properties at similar NP size and plasmonic nanogap conditions for spherical and cubical NPOM systems . By mimicking the NPOM structure to metal insulator metal design we understand the resonant emission differences for the respective plasmonic modes . Influence of dominant and weaker gap mode resonances resulted in an interesting optical behavior in NP mode in case of cubical nanostructures . By such extensive investigation and interpretation of sub wavelength complex plasmonic mode characteristics various practical applications in plasmonics field can be accomplished .,By mimicking the NPOM structure to metal insulator metal design we understand the resonant emission differences for the respective plasmonic modes . The cross section imprint of planar cavity on metallic film plays decisive role in near field enhancement properties at similar NP size and plasmonic nanogap conditions for spherical and cubical NPOM systems . In this work we emphasize the importance of cavity geometry along with nanoparticle shape and plasmonic nanogap design which plays significant role in understanding the complex plasmonic mode characteristics involving nanoparticle and gap mode resonances .10021001,Spin valves with holmium layers and three layer structures metal Ho metal were prepared by magnetron sputtering . A holmium layer in the spin valves is polycrystalline with weak axial 002 texture . The structural coherence length along the hexagonal c axis is approximately 2 5 of the total thickness of the holmium layer . Field dependences of the spin valves magnetoresistance were measured at different temperatures . Correlation was revealed between magnetic state in holmium layer and the shape of magnetoresistive curve . Deviation of magnetic moments of the reference layer and the adjacent part of holmium from the applied magnetic field was investigated . The field induced mobility of the magnetic helicoid in holmium layers was revealed .,Correlation was revealed between magnetic state in holmium layer and the shape of magnetoresistive curve . The field induced mobility of the magnetic helicoid in holmium layers was revealed . Deviation of magnetic moments of the reference layer and the adjacent part of holmium from the applied magnetic field was investigated .10031002,In this study we examined the influence of using hetero gate dielectrics on the short channel effects in scaled tunnel field effect transistors . For bulk TFETs the short channel performance is not influenced by the HGD engineering because the SCEs are caused by the tunneling at the region with negligible gate control . However the use of the HGD increases the SCEs in double gate TFETs because the HGD reduces the gate control on the channel . When the HGD optimized in term of on current is used the channel of HGD TFETs is about 10 nm longer than that of uniform gate dielectric TFETs to obtain similar SCEs . The SCEs in HGD TFETs can be improved by locating the drain side heterojunction toward the drain and or increasing the ratio of low and high,In this study we examined the influence of using hetero gate dielectrics on the short channel effects in scaled tunnel field effect transistors . When the HGD optimized in term of on current is used the channel of HGD TFETs is about 10 nm longer than that of uniform gate dielectric TFETs to obtain similar SCEs . The SCEs in HGD TFETs can be improved by locating the drain side heterojunction toward the drain and or increasing the ratio of low and high10041003,It is well known that carrier distribution in InGaN multiple quantum wells can be significantly inhomogeneous . However the conventional ABC recombination model assumes that carriers are uniformly distributed throughout the MQW . In this paper a modified ABC model that considers the unequal carrier density in the QWs was developed . From the analysis of the developed ABC model the effective recombination coefficients and modified internal quantum efficiency were obtained for an arbitrary carrier distribution in MQWs . The efficiency droop was found to be aggravated as the carrier distribution was increasingly inhomogeneous . However it was also found that the effect of inhomogeneous carrier distribution alone was not sufficient to explain the IQE droop with the theoretical Auger recombination coefficient based on indirect Auger processes . The developed ABC model is expected to provide insight into the influence of inhomogeneous carrier distributions in MQWs on the efficiency droop in GaN based light emitting diodes .,In this paper a modified ABC model that considers the unequal carrier density in the QWs was developed . From the analysis of the developed ABC model the effective recombination coefficients and modified internal quantum efficiency were obtained for an arbitrary carrier distribution in MQWs . The developed ABC model is expected to provide insight into the influence of inhomogeneous carrier distributions in MQWs on the efficiency droop in GaN based light emitting diodes .10051004,The key objective of this study is to investigate the local mismatch of pre and post multilayer structure on the active devices . Five pre and post multilayer structure pHEMTs on the same wafer within the same cell between adjacent devices are considered . As the study of local mismatch ensures good yields and a way to gain insights about the technology various comparisons are made including the effects of multilayer structuring . The threshold voltage built in potential and the net doping concentration of the 2 DEG of the devices are extracted through capacitance voltage data . The underlying electrical parameter of the transistors as well as the RF figure of merit has been analyzed . The microwave noise related parameters namely minimum noise figure associate gain noise resistance magnitude of the optimum reflection are also discussed and investigated . Centre to edge mismatch results in minor variation in performance between devices . These studies would help within the advancement of solid proficient and low cost generation of future compact structure in 3 D multilayer MMICs .,The key objective of this study is to investigate the local mismatch of pre and post multilayer structure on the active devices . The threshold voltage built in potential and the net doping concentration of the 2 DEG of the devices are extracted through capacitance voltage data . The microwave noise related parameters namely minimum noise figure associate gain noise resistance magnitude of the optimum reflection are also discussed and investigated .10061005,Recently spinel type binary metal oxides have attracted enormous interest in energy storage devices . In supercapacitors improving energy density is still challenging task and the composite nanostructures are found to address this issue in some extent . Herein a composite nanostructure based on ZnCo,In supercapacitors improving energy density is still challenging task and the composite nanostructures are found to address this issue in some extent . Herein a composite nanostructure based on ZnCo Recently spinel type binary metal oxides have attracted enormous interest in energy storage devices .10071006,Muscovite mica is a widely accepted substrate for scanning probe microscopy investigations . However mica has intrinsic properties that alter samples and obstruct their analysis due to free charges build up ionic exchange and water adsorption taking place at the surface . In addition to interfacial phenomena there is a growing interest in electrostatic charges on insulators as they are crucial in diverse applications . Despite the high demand for studies of this nature experimental set ups capable of resolving charge build up at the micro scale are still scarce and technically limited . Here we report the imaging of surface charge dissipation on freshly cleaved mica by Kelvin probe Force Microscopy . A local electrostatic charge micro domain was generated by friction between an atomic force microscope tip and mica and its decay was tracked by two dimensional mapping using KPFM . We found time dependent charge dissipation which is attributed to the adsorption of water molecules on mica surface .,Here we report the imaging of surface charge dissipation on freshly cleaved mica by Kelvin probe Force Microscopy . We found time dependent charge dissipation which is attributed to the adsorption of water molecules on mica surface . A local electrostatic charge micro domain was generated by friction between an atomic force microscope tip and mica and its decay was tracked by two dimensional mapping using KPFM .10081007,The chemical and phase compositions and structure of the FeNO films produced by reactive dc magnetron sputtering in Ar or Ar N,The chemical and phase compositions and structure of the FeNO films produced by reactive dc magnetron sputtering in Ar or Ar N10091008,Freestanding graphene on a trench has been fabricated extensively using a transfer process of chemical vapor deposition grown graphene . Here we demonstrate that freestanding graphene can be grown directly on a trench without a transfer process . A shallow trench was made on a 6HSiC wafer using a focused ion beam lithography . The shallow trench was heated to a high temperature under Ar atmosphere . The heat treatment made the shallow trench become deeper and wider . Subsequently epitaxial graphene was floating on the trench resulting in freestanding graphene where underlying bulk SiC was self etched after the growth of epitaxial graphene . The freestanding graphene on a trench was characterized using Raman spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy . Such freestanding graphene writing can be applied to semiconductor fabrication process of freestanding graphene devices without a transfer process .,The freestanding graphene on a trench was characterized using Raman spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy . Subsequently epitaxial graphene was floating on the trench resulting in freestanding graphene where underlying bulk SiC was self etched after the growth of epitaxial graphene . The shallow trench was heated to a high temperature under Ar atmosphere .10101009,The characteristics of an atmospheric pressure glow discharge with a metal cathode and water anode and underwater plasma were compared during the formation of nanostructured molybdenum oxide . The electrical and spectral characteristics of both types of plasma were studied . In both cases the emission continuum presents in the spectrum because of sputtering the electrode material . The analysis of obtained powder was performed using scanning electron microscopy and x ray diffraction . Results showed that the mixture of molybdenum oxides is formed for both plasmas .,The characteristics of an atmospheric pressure glow discharge with a metal cathode and water anode and underwater plasma were compared during the formation of nanostructured molybdenum oxide . The electrical and spectral characteristics of both types of plasma were studied . Results showed that the mixture of molybdenum oxides is formed for both plasmas .10111010,Using the transfer matrix method we study the transmission properties in Octonacci one dimensional linear graded photonic crystals compressing a dielectric material and a magnetized cold plasma material . We found that the frequency and the quality factor of filters can be easily manipulated by tuning the external magnetic field,We found that the frequency and the quality factor of filters can be easily manipulated by tuning the external magnetic field Using the transfer matrix method we study the transmission properties in Octonacci one dimensional linear graded photonic crystals compressing a dielectric material and a magnetized cold plasma material .10121011,In this paper a novel design of truncated cone nanowires solar cell with air gap is studied and analyzed . The optical and electrical characterizations are obtained using Lumerical finite difference time domain and Lumerical Device software packages . The modified truncated cone NWs have an upper air hole gap to increase the light confinement through the suggested design . In this study ultimate efficiency short circuit current density J,In this paper a novel design of truncated cone nanowires solar cell with air gap is studied and analyzed . The optical and electrical characterizations are obtained using Lumerical finite difference time domain and Lumerical Device software packages . The modified truncated cone NWs have an upper air hole gap to increase the light confinement through the suggested design .10131012,We report the optical properties of a laser driven two dimensional quantum dot with a hydrogenic impurity exposed to a magnetic field . The effective mass approximation is used to bring out the effect of an intense laser field resulting in dressed Coulomb and confinement potentials on the one electron energy levels and wave functions . The results obtained suggest that the action of the laser field leads to crucial changes in the energy spectra of the system and the impurity binding energy . Furthermore the position and the height of the resonant peaks of the absorption coefficients and refractive index changes depend strongly not only on the geometrical confinement strength but also on the magnetic field and laser radiation through the laser dressed potential .,We report the optical properties of a laser driven two dimensional quantum dot with a hydrogenic impurity exposed to a magnetic field . Furthermore the position and the height of the resonant peaks of the absorption coefficients and refractive index changes depend strongly not only on the geometrical confinement strength but also on the magnetic field and laser radiation through the laser dressed potential . The results obtained suggest that the action of the laser field leads to crucial changes in the energy spectra of the system and the impurity binding energy .10141013,In the present study the effect of dimensions of gold nanorods on its sensing property to detect liquid ammonia was reported . Gold nanorods with two different aspect ratios derived from different lengths and diameters were synthesized using seed mediated growth method and the aspect ratio was controlled by changing the silver ion concentration in growth solution . The morphological and size measurement was performed using Transmission Electron Microscopy and the average value of aspect ratio was found to be 3.0 and 3.2 for GNR1 and GNR2 respectively . The characteristics transverse and longitudinal mode of localized surface plasmon resonance have been clearly depicted in UVvis absorption spectrum of both GNR1 and GNR2 . The red shift in longitudinal mode of LSPR from 718 to 732nm has been observed for GNR with change in aspect ratio from 3.0 to 3.2 respectively . These samples of GNR were tested for liquid ammonia sensing with concentration ranging from 100 to 500ppm . A clear cut blue shift in longitudinal mode of LSPR of prepared gold nanorod was observed . However the GNR2 was found to be more sensitive toward liquid ammonia sensing . The origin of such blue shifting and sensitivity of longitudinal mode of LSPR of gold nanorod was explained on the basis of orientation dependence and Dipolar Exciton Coupling Model of coupled plasmon in assemblies of anisotropic plasmonic nanoparticles . With the help of this model blue shifting in longitudinal plasmon band was correlated with the enhanced formation of H aggregation induced by dipolar coupling of GNR clusters followed by hydrogen bonding after successive addition of ammonia solution .,In the present study the effect of dimensions of gold nanorods on its sensing property to detect liquid ammonia was reported . With the help of this model blue shifting in longitudinal plasmon band was correlated with the enhanced formation of H aggregation induced by dipolar coupling of GNR clusters followed by hydrogen bonding after successive addition of ammonia solution . The origin of such blue shifting and sensitivity of longitudinal mode of LSPR of gold nanorod was explained on the basis of orientation dependence and Dipolar Exciton Coupling Model of coupled plasmon in assemblies of anisotropic plasmonic nanoparticles .10151014,Here we propose double coil setup to allow high signal to noise ratio broad range heteronuclear magnetic resonance imaging experiments two independent coils one of them tuned to,Here we propose double coil setup to allow high signal to noise ratio broad range heteronuclear magnetic resonance imaging experiments two independent coils one of them tuned to10161015,The mode properties of solid core photonic crystal fibers having square pentagonal hexagonal octagonal nonagonal decagonal and dodecagonal lattice formats with uniform air filling fractions have been evaluated by a full vector finite element method using the software COMSOL Multiphysics 4.3 . Irrespective of the hole to hole spacing for a particular type of lattice the ratio of air hole radii of two PCFs having different AFFs is a constant . The ratio of air hole radii of a pair of PCFs consisting of different lattice types is also found to be constant if the AFF is the same . With dependence on value of AFF used the effect of the order of lattice on the mode area of PCFs exhibit a reversal characteristic while approaching higher order . The effective nonlinear coefficient has been found to be maximized for octagonal PCFs . A reduction in confinement loss to the order of,With dependence on value of AFF used the effect of the order of lattice on the mode area of PCFs exhibit a reversal characteristic while approaching higher order . The ratio of air hole radii of a pair of PCFs consisting of different lattice types is also found to be constant if the AFF is the same . A reduction in confinement loss to the order of10171016,A Si based vertical nanowire heterostructure array photodetector is designed and studied by a coupled three dimensional optoelectronic simulation . Each nanowire is composed of an InP In,A Si based vertical nanowire heterostructure array photodetector is designed and studied by a coupled three dimensional optoelectronic simulation . Each nanowire is composed of an InP In10181017,Plasmonics has been developed to overcome the serious limitations in design of sub wavelength scale optical components . Plasmonic waveguides can be used as optical biosensors . Recently various waveguide structures have been proposed for sensing applications . Main challenges of them are weak confinement of their guided modes in sensing region and consequently their weak interaction with analytes which lead to low values for the sensitivity . The reported maximum sensitivity for available plasmonic waveguide based biosensors are about 1.12.6 W RIU . In this study two compact plasmonic waveguides referred as surface plasmon slot waveguide and sub metal dielectric loaded surface plasmon slot waveguide are proposed for refractive index sensing applications . SDL SPSW has a high optical confinement in the sensing region which reduces its required transverse cross sectional area and increases the interaction of optical field with analyte molecules . The calculated sensitivity for SPSW and SDL SPSW are about 0.63 W RIU and 1.15 W RIU respectively for 632.8 nm . It has been shown that the sensitivity of SDL SPSW can be enhanced for longer wavelengths and the maximum value of 2.3 W RIU is observed for 1000 nm . The modal effective area of the SDL SPSW structure is about 7.7710,The modal effective area of the SDL SPSW structure is about 7.7710 Plasmonics has been developed to overcome the serious limitations in design of sub wavelength scale optical components . The reported maximum sensitivity for available plasmonic waveguide based biosensors are about 1.12.6 W RIU .10191018,A novel composite structured all fiber sensor was designed and experimentally demonstrated for simultaneous measurement of displacement and temperature . The sensor consists of a knotted shape core cladding optical fiber . The interferometer notch of a knotted shape fiber was found to be highly sensitive to the micro displacement as well as environmental temperature while the core offset fiber was sensitive to temperature only . Thus the different features of these interferometer notchs of two parts can be used to measure the displacement and temperature . The experimental results showed that the sensor exhibited a high displacement sensitivity of 528.57pm m ranges from 0mm to 0.012mm . And the temperature sensitivities of the knotted shape core cladding optical fiber were 114.86pm and 31.66pm ranges from 35 to 60 respectively . Due to the compact size and dual parameters measurability the sensor had a great potential in diverse sensing application .,The sensor consists of a knotted shape core cladding optical fiber . A novel composite structured all fiber sensor was designed and experimentally demonstrated for simultaneous measurement of displacement and temperature . And the temperature sensitivities of the knotted shape core cladding optical fiber were 114.86pm and 31.66pm ranges from 35 to 60 respectively .10201019,Spontaneous emission dynamics of rhodamine 6G molecules coupled into transverse Anderson localized modes in a hyperbolic waveguide is investigated using time resolved experiments . Four hyperbolic waveguides are simultaneously formed inside a deltoid shaped fused silica microtube via the capillary effect . The disordered photonic environment consisting of a rhodamine doped polymeric material with randomly distributed air inclusions is attributed to localize photons at various resonant wavelengths of the quasi optical cavities randomly positioned throughout the guiding medium . The hyperbolic waveguides allow obtaining a single double and multimode resonant structures trapping photons at various frequencies as explored in the form of sharp spectral resonances within the photoluminescence spectrum bandwidth of the dye molecules . Experimental results reveal that the coupling of the fluorescent emitters into multimode localizations in each hyperbolic waveguide corresponds to obtaining quasi optical cavities at various resonant frequencies which alter the emission characteristics of the emitters distinctively . The spontaneous emission rate of the dye molecules coupled into the isolated transverse Anderson localized modes is observed to increase by a factor of up to 6.7 thus the vacuum fluctuations at certain resonant wavelengths are considerably enhanced .,Four hyperbolic waveguides are simultaneously formed inside a deltoid shaped fused silica microtube via the capillary effect . The spontaneous emission rate of the dye molecules coupled into the isolated transverse Anderson localized modes is observed to increase by a factor of up to 6.7 thus the vacuum fluctuations at certain resonant wavelengths are considerably enhanced . The disordered photonic environment consisting of a rhodamine doped polymeric material with randomly distributed air inclusions is attributed to localize photons at various resonant wavelengths of the quasi optical cavities randomly positioned throughout the guiding medium .10211020,Titanium nitride one candidate as an alternative plasmonic material is deposited by the sputtering method on top of a self assembled polystyrene microsphere lattice . The optical transmission spectra of the TiN coated microsphere lattice reveal a transmission pass band attributed to the extraordinary optical transmission phenomenon known from subwavelength hole arrays in metal films . Simulations by finite element method show the presence of a hybrid mode resulting from coupling of surface plasmons on the TiN film to photonic guided resonance modes in the dielectric microsphere lattice . The crucial role of the microspheres in the transmission process is also evidenced by dedicated simulations . Such hybrid colloidal photonic plasmonic crystals based on TiN are promising for future plasmonic applications requiring the thermo mechanical stability of refractory ceramics complemented by a plasmonic efficiency similar to that of gold but also for extending the range of current applications beyond the use of the classical noble metals gold and silver .,Simulations by finite element method show the presence of a hybrid mode resulting from coupling of surface plasmons on the TiN film to photonic guided resonance modes in the dielectric microsphere lattice . The crucial role of the microspheres in the transmission process is also evidenced by dedicated simulations . Such hybrid colloidal photonic plasmonic crystals based on TiN are promising for future plasmonic applications requiring the thermo mechanical stability of refractory ceramics complemented by a plasmonic efficiency similar to that of gold but also for extending the range of current applications beyond the use of the classical noble metals gold and silver .10221021,A novel surface plasmon enhanced structure is proposed to improve the absorption efficiency of organic solar cells in this paper . The PEDOT PSS Ag light trapping structure introduced allows light to be reflected multiple times between the multilayer films increasing the optical path length of light in the device and the light absorption by the absorption layer . The Ag film in P3HT PCBM absorption layer can induce surface plasmons which can enhance the electromagnetic energy around Ag film improving the light absorption ability of organic solar cells . Based on the finite element method the COMSOL RF module is used to simulate the designed structure and the absorption efficiency electric field mode distribution and total power loss density distribution at different structural parameters were obtained . The results reveal that the absorption efficiency is more than 80 in the wavelength range of 485 nm to 520 nm in TE mode and more than 85 in the wavelength range of 495 nm to 595 nm in TM mode providing a reliable basis for the development of high performance organic solar cells .,A novel surface plasmon enhanced structure is proposed to improve the absorption efficiency of organic solar cells in this paper . Based on the finite element method the COMSOL RF module is used to simulate the designed structure and the absorption efficiency electric field mode distribution and total power loss density distribution at different structural parameters were obtained . The results reveal that the absorption efficiency is more than 80 in the wavelength range of 485 nm to 520 nm in TE mode and more than 85 in the wavelength range of 495 nm to 595 nm in TM mode providing a reliable basis for the development of high performance organic solar cells .10231022,In this study we investigated a compact refractive index sensor containing two concentric double square resonators with plasmonic metal insulator metal structures to facilitate the sensing of human blood groups . The sensing surveys were conducted using the finite difference time domain method . Intensive coupling occurred due to momentum matching between the equivalent modes of the square resonators . The results demonstrated that the modes of resonance had high contraction ratios in this device and increasing the material RI in the resonators led to remarkable red shifts of the dip wavelengths . The sensing performance was enhanced by using two multiple concentric resonators to effectively increase the strength of the lightanalyte interaction which is useful for sensing applications . Our proposed nano sensor obtained sensitivity sensing resolution and figure of merit values of 1380 nm RIU 7.24 10,Our proposed nano sensor obtained sensitivity sensing resolution and figure of merit values of 1380 nm RIU 7.24 10 Intensive coupling occurred due to momentum matching between the equivalent modes of the square resonators . The results demonstrated that the modes of resonance had high contraction ratios in this device and increasing the material RI in the resonators led to remarkable red shifts of the dip wavelengths .10241023,Cauliflower shape nanostructured Cs doped CdO thin films were grown using perfume atomizer . A strong preferential orientation is noticed for the cubic structured CdO Cs thin films . Surface morphology of CdO was strongly influenced with Cs doping . All the doped films exhibit better transparency than pure CdO . With Cs doping the absorption edge seems to shift towards lower wave lengths . The 2wt . Cs doped CdO thin film exhibits a minimum resistivity of 0.9510,With Cs doping the absorption edge seems to shift towards lower wave lengths . All the doped films exhibit better transparency than pure CdO . The 2wt .10251024,We design a novel eight channel demultiplexer in a solid fluid phononic crystal structure . The basic structure has been formed by square arrangement of holes filled by water in tungsten background . These holes are embedded in background with filling fraction of 46 . Generally the proposed structure consists of nine type line defects for input and output channels . These line defects consist of two types of hollow cylinders . One of them is used in input channel and the other creates output channels . Input waveguide contains an L branch waveguide which has been made by a row of hollow cylinders of water which is internally filled with tungsten . Each of output channels contains a row of hollow cylinders of Methyl Nonafluorobutyl Ether filled with tungsten . Hollow cylinders have different inner radii in each output waveguides . Hence each output channels can transmit diverse narrow frequency passbands . We use the finite element method to determine the eigenfrequencies of structure . This structure can separate eight acoustic waves in frequency range between 166.6 kHz and 168.1 kHz . Separation of frequencies is accomplished with high quality factor and the width of frequency spectra between outputs are about 200 Hz . Crosstalk values of the proposed structure show that the eight channel demultiplexer has efficient performance so that the worst case of crosstalk value is equal to 26.68 dB .,Generally the proposed structure consists of nine type line defects for input and output channels . We use the finite element method to determine the eigenfrequencies of structure . Separation of frequencies is accomplished with high quality factor and the width of frequency spectra between outputs are about 200 Hz .10261025,Surface plasmon resonance based biosensors are an integral and indispensable aspect of present day pathology owing to its efficient real time and label free detection capabilities . Enhancing the sensitivity of these sensors is of paramount importance as it indirectly affects the detection limits of biomolecules . In this simulation work we make use of antireflective coatings made up of nanomaterials with alternating high and low refractive indices TiO,In this simulation work we make use of antireflective coatings made up of nanomaterials with alternating high and low refractive indices TiO Enhancing the sensitivity of these sensors is of paramount importance as it indirectly affects the detection limits of biomolecules . Surface plasmon resonance based biosensors are an integral and indispensable aspect of present day pathology owing to its efficient real time and label free detection capabilities .10271026,Silicon on insulator waveguides with different geometries have been employed to design various integrated optical components . Reducing the bending radius of the SOI waveguides with low bending loss is essential in minimizing the footprint of light wave circuits . The propagating mode is less confined in the core of the ultra thin SOI waveguide and penetrates to substrate and cladding leading to higher bending loss compared to conventional SOI waveguides with a thicker guiding layer . Although various bending mechanisms have been utilized to reduce the bending loss of conventional SOI waveguides the ultra thin SOI waveguide bends have not been studied in detail . In this paper we present a 60 nm thick SOI waveguide bend based on the truncated Eaton lens implemented by varying thickness of the guiding layer . The three dimensional full wave simulations reveal that the designed waveguide bend with a radius of 3.9m reduces the bending loss from 3.3 to 0.42dB at the wavelength of 1550nm . Moreover the bending loss for the wavelength range of 12601675nm is lower than 0.67dB while the bending loss in the C band is lower than 0.45dB .,In this paper we present a 60 nm thick SOI waveguide bend based on the truncated Eaton lens implemented by varying thickness of the guiding layer . Moreover the bending loss for the wavelength range of 12601675nm is lower than 0.67dB while the bending loss in the C band is lower than 0.45dB . Reducing the bending radius of the SOI waveguides with low bending loss is essential in minimizing the footprint of light wave circuits .10281027,Optical addition and subtraction are very crucial functions required in all optical computations and processing . In this article we propose an all optical circuit that can implement these functions simultaneously . The proposed device can be realized by combining optical XOR gates with a 2 bit full adder . Four nonlinear ring resonators are used to realize the proposed structure .,The proposed device can be realized by combining optical XOR gates with a 2 bit full adder . Four nonlinear ring resonators are used to realize the proposed structure . In this article we propose an all optical circuit that can implement these functions simultaneously .10291028,In this study we developed a simple hybrid structure and an appropriate numerical analysis method for a prism based surface plasmon refractive index biosensor by using an angular interrogation method . The proposed sensor comprised a prism filled with a hybrid of gold alpha tin selenide and graphene and a sensing medium . Monolayers of SnSe with a similar structure to graphene and phosphorene have exceptional optoelectronic properties and they have attracted much attention as two dimensional materials in a similar manner to other 2D material family members . The performance parameters were determined in terms of the sensitivity detection accuracy and quality factor . The results demonstrated the improved overall performance of the proposed sensor . Inserting an SnSe layer between gold and graphene increased the sensitivity of the sensor and its sensitivity was higher than those of previously reported sensors . All of the performance parameters were enhanced for this hybrid sensor which is not possible with sensors based only on graphene . Increasing the number of graphene only layers improved the sensitivity but decreased the DA and QF . The effect of the electric field distribution on the inserted graphene layers was analyzed with the finite difference time domain technique using Lumerical FDTD solution commercial software . The proposed biosensor may facilitate novel sensing applications .,The effect of the electric field distribution on the inserted graphene layers was analyzed with the finite difference time domain technique using Lumerical FDTD solution commercial software . The proposed sensor comprised a prism filled with a hybrid of gold alpha tin selenide and graphene and a sensing medium . The results demonstrated the improved overall performance of the proposed sensor .10301029,Inverse design algorithms can be used to design compact and high performance complex photonic structures . In this study we propose the design of an all dielectric optical resonator based on the concept of the parallel mirror resonator by using the objective first inverse design algorithm . Light is strongly confined using a predefined objective function that creates symmetric mirror regions acting as reflective layers for the fundamental transverse electric polarization mode . Thanks to the flexibility of the algorithm segments of the cavity and dielectric mirror are designed in a simulation region by choosing a cavity of an appropriate length . A time domain analysis of the proposed structure was carried out using the two dimensional finite difference time domain method . The proposed structure has a configuration with a footprint of 13.394 0.592 m,A time domain analysis of the proposed structure was carried out using the two dimensional finite difference time domain method . The proposed structure has a configuration with a footprint of 13.394 0.592 m In this study we propose the design of an all dielectric optical resonator based on the concept of the parallel mirror resonator by using the objective first inverse design algorithm .10311030,Visible light active photocatalytic processes have gained much interest in removing the organic pollutants from wastewater . In this article we report the ZnO prepared by a simple co precipitation method and characterized by PXRD FE SEM TEM DRS and FTIR . The photocatalytic activity of ZnO assisted by H,In this article we report the ZnO prepared by a simple co precipitation method and characterized by PXRD FE SEM TEM DRS and FTIR . The photocatalytic activity of ZnO assisted by H Visible light active photocatalytic processes have gained much interest in removing the organic pollutants from wastewater .10321031,A novel method of magnetic field assisted nondestructive optical probing of photonic lattice structures in photorefractive crystals is demonstrated experimentally . High contrast annular symmetry micrometric scale refractive lattice structures were recorded by nondiffracting Bessel beam technique with the use of 532nm 17mW power laser beam in Fe doped lithium niobate crystal . The stability of recorded lattices against erasure during readout by probe Gaussian beam at the recording wavelength has been studied . Time evolutions of the diffraction efficiency of the lattices for readout beam power of 17mW in zero magnetic field and in external magnetic field of 0.85T were measured . The measurements showed up to 3.4 times increase of erasure constant for magnetic field assisted readout of stored lattices . The physical model based on the approach of small polarons in external magnetic field to explain the experimental results is discussed .,The physical model based on the approach of small polarons in external magnetic field to explain the experimental results is discussed . Time evolutions of the diffraction efficiency of the lattices for readout beam power of 17mW in zero magnetic field and in external magnetic field of 0.85T were measured . A novel method of magnetic field assisted nondestructive optical probing of photonic lattice structures in photorefractive crystals is demonstrated experimentally .10331032,Planar structures with two metal nanolayers supporting long range surface plasmons are described . We introduce a design where a one dimensional photonic crystal is used as a support for a planar dielectric film sandwiched between two metal nanolayers . This quasisymmetric design is compared with a symmetric where two metal nanolayers deposited on opposite sides of the planar dielectric film have the same semi infinite dielectric environment from both sides . Such multilayer structures are useful when electrical power is supplied to the planar film through LRSP supporting metal nanolayers on opposite sides of the film . This planar film may be for example an electro optical crystal or an electroluminescent film . A method for designing such LRSP supporting duplex metal structures based on an impedance approach is presented . Calculations of the optimal thickness for the metal bounded dielectric film which provides minima of optical field inside the metal nanolayers are given for both symmetric and quasisymmetric cases .,Calculations of the optimal thickness for the metal bounded dielectric film which provides minima of optical field inside the metal nanolayers are given for both symmetric and quasisymmetric cases . Such multilayer structures are useful when electrical power is supplied to the planar film through LRSP supporting metal nanolayers on opposite sides of the film . A method for designing such LRSP supporting duplex metal structures based on an impedance approach is presented .10341033,We theoretically report that asymmetric transmission phenomenon of linearly polarized light enables an ultrasensitive and background free metamaterial sensor with a sensitivity of 47.5 THz RIU in the optical range . The asymmetric transmission in the metamaterial arises from the twist arrangement of two cascaded ring apertures and its asymmetric factor can reach 0.47 . Importantly by detecting the direction dependent polarization conversion the metamaterial is capable of sensing refractive index of surrounding medium . The sensing principle dictated by cross polarization makes the sensor background free since co polarization background noise is easily removed . The proposed metamaterial may open up opportunities to develop novel sensors and polarization modulators in the optical regime .,The proposed metamaterial may open up opportunities to develop novel sensors and polarization modulators in the optical regime . Importantly by detecting the direction dependent polarization conversion the metamaterial is capable of sensing refractive index of surrounding medium . We theoretically report that asymmetric transmission phenomenon of linearly polarized light enables an ultrasensitive and background free metamaterial sensor with a sensitivity of 47.5 THz RIU in the optical range .10351034,We performed numerical simulations of plasmonic near field enhancement in Si based structures in near infrared region . Gold films perforated with periodic two dimensional subwavelength hole arrays were used as the plasmonic couplers . The array periodicity was adjusted to excite the surface plasmon modes at the telecom wavelengths . The field intensity enhancement factor and its spectral position as a function of hole diameter demonstrate the maximum at which the Bloch plasmon polariton waves propagating along the AuSi interface change by a localized surface plasmon mode . The maximum peak wavelength and field intensity enhancement are reached at,The array periodicity was adjusted to excite the surface plasmon modes at the telecom wavelengths . The maximum peak wavelength and field intensity enhancement are reached at We performed numerical simulations of plasmonic near field enhancement in Si based structures in near infrared region .10361035,The process of aggregation of two colloidal quantum dots in the field of quasiresonant laser radiation is investigated via computer simulation . The cases of either completely deterministic movement of particles or the movement with the account for random forces are considered . The conditions of pair formation are determined in dependence on initial interparticle distance on laser wavelength and on their initial orientation with respect to polarization plane of laser radiation . It is shown that despite velocity of thermal motion dominates over the velocity of directional diffusion of quantum dots the account for random forces weakly influences on the probability of pair formation the latter being close to results obtained in the deterministic case . The reason for this weak influence of Brownian movement is the resonant increase of electrodynamics attraction force during certain time interval within the laser pulse .,The conditions of pair formation are determined in dependence on initial interparticle distance on laser wavelength and on their initial orientation with respect to polarization plane of laser radiation . The process of aggregation of two colloidal quantum dots in the field of quasiresonant laser radiation is investigated via computer simulation . The reason for this weak influence of Brownian movement is the resonant increase of electrodynamics attraction force during certain time interval within the laser pulse .10371036,Based on a two level system the linear and third order nonlinear optical properties are analyzed for CdSe ZnTe spherical core shell quantum dots embedded in various dielectric matrices including poly vinyl alcohol polyethylene and silicon nitride . Our results reveal that by increasing core shell radii ratio the eigenenergies as well as the transition energy decreased . The presence of the dielectric mismatch in the quantum dot matrix system can cause significant enhancement of the linear and third order nonlinear optical susceptibilities . We believe that our findings offer a new degree of freedom in optoelectronic device applications .,The presence of the dielectric mismatch in the quantum dot matrix system can cause significant enhancement of the linear and third order nonlinear optical susceptibilities . We believe that our findings offer a new degree of freedom in optoelectronic device applications . Our results reveal that by increasing core shell radii ratio the eigenenergies as well as the transition energy decreased .10381037,Today photonic integrated circuits that work with a high modulation speed are required to use more optical power to overcome the losses . One solution is to use a high level laser with a hundred milliwatts power . However for a microchip circuit this solution can be problematic due to the nonlinear effects and high cost . Therefore to solve this issue we propose a new design of a 31 multimode interference power combiner based on a slot waveguide structure that can utilize slot waveguide technology for reducing losses . In this study the full vectorial beam propagation method was used to find the optimal geometrical parameters of the MMI coupler inputs output taper and the slot waveguide structure . Simulation results show that after light propagation of 9.82m the beam combiner efficiency can reach 97.6 working within the C band range . Also to reduce back reflection losses an angled MMI was designed using a finite difference time domain method and results show a low back reflection of 40dB . This unique design can lead to an efficient and compact combiner for multiple coherent sources that work with PIC chips .,In this study the full vectorial beam propagation method was used to find the optimal geometrical parameters of the MMI coupler inputs output taper and the slot waveguide structure . Simulation results show that after light propagation of 9.82m the beam combiner efficiency can reach 97.6 working within the C band range . Today photonic integrated circuits that work with a high modulation speed are required to use more optical power to overcome the losses .10391038,In this contribution we present numerical and experimental results of a parametric quantitative study of radiative dipole antennas in a phased array configuration for efficient body magnetic resonance imaging at 7T via parallel transmission . For magnetic resonance imaging at ultrahigh fields dipole antennas are commonly used in phased arrays particularly for body imaging targets . This study reveals the effects of dipole positioning in the array on their mutual coupling,This study reveals the effects of dipole positioning in the array on their mutual coupling In this contribution we present numerical and experimental results of a parametric quantitative study of radiative dipole antennas in a phased array configuration for efficient body magnetic resonance imaging at 7T via parallel transmission . For magnetic resonance imaging at ultrahigh fields dipole antennas are commonly used in phased arrays particularly for body imaging targets .10401039,This paper presents a numerical study of a nanoscale hydrogen gas sensor based on a surface plasmon polariton resonator system . The system consists of two resonators one with a silver core and the other with a palladium core and a side coupled access waveguide . In this study an effective method for eliminating inhibitory detection parameters in hydrogen gas detection is proposed . With a sensitivity of 350 pm hydrogen the proposed structure and the method should lead to future studies investigating more compact cost effective practical and accurate hydrogen detection technology .,In this study an effective method for eliminating inhibitory detection parameters in hydrogen gas detection is proposed . With a sensitivity of 350 pm hydrogen the proposed structure and the method should lead to future studies investigating more compact cost effective practical and accurate hydrogen detection technology . This paper presents a numerical study of a nanoscale hydrogen gas sensor based on a surface plasmon polariton resonator system .10411040,In this study we conducted finite difference time domain simulation investigations of the transient responses of silicon on insulator waveguide based vertical photodetectors using the phase change material Ge,In this study we conducted finite difference time domain simulation investigations of the transient responses of silicon on insulator waveguide based vertical photodetectors using the phase change material Ge10421041,Photonic quasicrystals are of particular interest for waveguiding applications because of their beneficial advantages over conventional photonic crystals such as higher order rotational symmetry and more isotropic Brillouin zone . In this work by use of a 12 fold symmetric photonic quasicrystal lattice and an optofluidic infiltration approach we sought to design a hollow core fiber for telecom C band operation . The simulation results demonstrate a wide flat dispersion range around the zero dispersion wavelength of 1550 nm and an ultralow confinement loss of 2.6 10,The simulation results demonstrate a wide flat dispersion range around the zero dispersion wavelength of 1550 nm and an ultralow confinement loss of 2.6 10 In this work by use of a 12 fold symmetric photonic quasicrystal lattice and an optofluidic infiltration approach we sought to design a hollow core fiber for telecom C band operation . Photonic quasicrystals are of particular interest for waveguiding applications because of their beneficial advantages over conventional photonic crystals such as higher order rotational symmetry and more isotropic Brillouin zone .10431042,A novel compact photonic crystal ring resonator is designed based on phase change material to realize reconfigurable directional coupler switching for the two wavelengths of coarse wavelength division multiplexing system at 1530 nm and 1550 nm . The working mechanism of this PCM based device is analyzed from the perspective of the coupled optical field in the inner and outer resonator rings during the phase transition of selected photonic crystal rods . This kind of PCM based directional coupler switches will play a strong role in the reconfigurable lattice mesh based integrated intelligent photonic system .,The working mechanism of this PCM based device is analyzed from the perspective of the coupled optical field in the inner and outer resonator rings during the phase transition of selected photonic crystal rods . This kind of PCM based directional coupler switches will play a strong role in the reconfigurable lattice mesh based integrated intelligent photonic system . A novel compact photonic crystal ring resonator is designed based on phase change material to realize reconfigurable directional coupler switching for the two wavelengths of coarse wavelength division multiplexing system at 1530 nm and 1550 nm .10441043,This paper introduces a novel lateral quantum well solar cell and investigates the effects of structural parameters of these nanostructures on the devices performance . For modeling the device first the absorption coefficients and the reflectance parameters of the device at different regions were calculated . Those parameters were then used to find the systems optical generation rate . Finally while considering all the radiative and non radiative recombinations the continuity and drift diffusion equations were solved to find the dark and photo currents . The results indicated that applying quantum wells to the traditional classical solar cells could noticeably increase the systems efficiency . Additionally it was found that efficiency was heavily dependent on the values of different geometrical parameters including the active layers thickness and the width of the wells and barriers . Moreover it was shown that modifying some structural parameters such as the barrier mole fraction could noticeably influence the solar cells characteristics . Therefore to obtain good efficiency it is necessary to optimize these parameters .,This paper introduces a novel lateral quantum well solar cell and investigates the effects of structural parameters of these nanostructures on the devices performance . Additionally it was found that efficiency was heavily dependent on the values of different geometrical parameters including the active layers thickness and the width of the wells and barriers . For modeling the device first the absorption coefficients and the reflectance parameters of the device at different regions were calculated .10451044,In this paper the behavior of radiation including the reconfiguration capability of planar metallic antenna structure using graphene in the microwave and terahertz frequency range is investigated . Different from the conventional reconfigurable metal planar antenna and graphene plasmonic THz antenna designs this planar microstrip metal antenna structure is realized by placing a graphene layer in between the copper radiator and silicon dielectric . The design is inspired by the tunable conductivity behavior of graphene that can be achieved by applying a DC bias voltage across it . The antenna performance parameters such as frequency reconfiguration VSWR input impedance efficiency and radiation pattern are studied in both MW and THz frequencies . The radiation properties of the proposed antenna are studied at both MW and THz spectra by tuning the graphene conductivity via Fermi energy . It is found that at MW and THz frequency with respect to the unbiased condition the antenna radiation efficiency is enhanced from 16 to 66 and from 26 to 69 respectively with the increase of Fermi energy from 0.5 eV to 0.8 eV . The efficiency of the antenna at both MW and THz can be further improved with the rise of the Fermi level of graphene . Moreover the graphene based planar metal antenna structure provides easy frequency reconfiguration in the THz band due to its unique electronic and plasmonic properties at this frequency range whereas the presence of the graphene parasitic layer below metal radiator improves the impedance matching and radiation of the antenna at MW band .,The radiation properties of the proposed antenna are studied at both MW and THz spectra by tuning the graphene conductivity via Fermi energy . In this paper the behavior of radiation including the reconfiguration capability of planar metallic antenna structure using graphene in the microwave and terahertz frequency range is investigated . Moreover the graphene based planar metal antenna structure provides easy frequency reconfiguration in the THz band due to its unique electronic and plasmonic properties at this frequency range whereas the presence of the graphene parasitic layer below metal radiator improves the impedance matching and radiation of the antenna at MW band .10461045,In this study a pyramid AgFe embedded graphene oxide nanocomposite was synthesized and characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy energy dispersive X ray spectroscopy and ultravioletvisible spectroscopy . FESEM images indicated the successful synthesis of exfoliated graphene sheets with a thickness of 7 nm 30 nm Fe nanoparticles and pyramid Ag nanostructures where the sides measured from 100 nm to 600 nm . UVvis analysis detected plasmon bands at 700 nm and 914 nm for PAFG . EDS analysis confirmed the presence of elemental Ag and C. Two PAFG phases were obtained after centrifugation which were designated as PAFG1 and PAFG2 . Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy analyses showed that the rhodamine 6G peaks with PAFG1 were 1.75 times larger than those with trinitrotoluene and 1.7 times larger than those with pyrene . SERS analysis of TNT with PAFG2 obtained 1.49 and 1.3 times greater peaks compared with those using pyrene and R6G respectively . On average the performance was around 1.4 times better with PAFG2 for each of the analytes . Measurements of the SERS spectra for TNT and pyrene with annealed PAFG showed that the enhancement factors were 2.2 and 1.7 for the M TNT and pyrene samples respectively . Comparisons of the SERS spectra obtained for mM samples of the three analytes with annealed PAFG showed that the EFs were over three times higher than that with R6G .,On average the performance was around 1.4 times better with PAFG2 for each of the analytes . Comparisons of the SERS spectra obtained for mM samples of the three analytes with annealed PAFG showed that the EFs were over three times higher than that with R6G . Measurements of the SERS spectra for TNT and pyrene with annealed PAFG showed that the enhancement factors were 2.2 and 1.7 for the M TNT and pyrene samples respectively .10471046,A novel hybrid all optical infrared switch based on metal insulator metal plasmonic and one dimensional photonic crystal structures is introduced in this paper . A photonic crystal lattice composed of two different Kerr materials is located at the center of the switch . Two plasmonic metal insulator metal waveguides are used to transfer the data signal . Also two dielectric waveguides are used as input and output pump ports . The existence of two separate paths for data and pump signals results in good isolation between such signals . The photonic crystal lattice creates a photonic bandgap region with sharp transmission edges in the data signal path . The created edges in data signal path can be used for the switching mechanism . The proposed structure can operate as an all optical switch using different Kerr materials . The benefits of the proposed switch are having isolated signal and control ports and also its versatile topology . The switch can easily be redesigned and adapted with different Kerr materials for different applications . Furthermore since a hybrid photonic crystal plasmonic topology is used it benefits both from the advantages of plasmonic and PhC structures . Based on the mentioned advantages the proposed switch can be used as a basis to design other complex optical circuits .,The benefits of the proposed switch are having isolated signal and control ports and also its versatile topology . A novel hybrid all optical infrared switch based on metal insulator metal plasmonic and one dimensional photonic crystal structures is introduced in this paper . Based on the mentioned advantages the proposed switch can be used as a basis to design other complex optical circuits .10481047,Magnetic resonance images spatial resolution which is a key factor in early diagnosis of many diseases is fundamentally limited by the signal to noise ratio which in turn depends upon the efficiency of the receive radiofrequency coils design . Many various multi channel coils were designed to improve the quality of MR images . Another way to enhance the quality of magnetic resonance imaging is the implementation of resonators based on novel materials such as high permittivity dielectrics . Here we investigate the potential for the sensitivity enhancement with higher order modes of dielectric resonators . We numerically show that because of the unique near field spatial distribution of a dielectric resonator third order mode the receive performance can be substantially improved in comparison with a conventional metallic loop coil of the same dimensions . Moreover we study the performance of the dielectric resonator in comparison with a metallic loop coil which size was optimized to match the sensitivity of the resonator at a particular distance . We demonstrate a 9 fold larger planar field of view with the dielectric resonator than with the loop coil . Our work provides the design guidelines for the improvement of near field MRI sensitivity with the dielectric resonators .,Here we investigate the potential for the sensitivity enhancement with higher order modes of dielectric resonators . We demonstrate a 9 fold larger planar field of view with the dielectric resonator than with the loop coil . Our work provides the design guidelines for the improvement of near field MRI sensitivity with the dielectric resonators .10491048,Light angular momentum is used to characterize the dynamical rotation of electromagnetic wave as spin angular momentum describes its polarization rotation while orbital angular momentum describes its phase rotation . Though various methods have been proposed to detect light spin or orbital angular momentum independently it is still a challenge to determine both of them simultaneously . Here based on orthogonal nanoslit pairs located in semi ring array we design an on chip simultaneous light spin and orbital angular momentum detector which can generate focus at different positions sensitive to light angular momenta thus both spin and orbital angular momenta of the indecent light can be determined . It is verified that spin angular momenta of 1 and orbital angular momenta in wide detection range can be simultaneously determined in high accuracy moreover mixed light with multiple spin and orbital angular momenta can also be distinguished . Therefore the proposed detector provides a way to determine light angular momenta in nanoscale and can be future applied in the fields of on chip photonics and plasmonics .,Therefore the proposed detector provides a way to determine light angular momenta in nanoscale and can be future applied in the fields of on chip photonics and plasmonics . Here based on orthogonal nanoslit pairs located in semi ring array we design an on chip simultaneous light spin and orbital angular momentum detector which can generate focus at different positions sensitive to light angular momenta thus both spin and orbital angular momenta of the indecent light can be determined . It is verified that spin angular momenta of 1 and orbital angular momenta in wide detection range can be simultaneously determined in high accuracy moreover mixed light with multiple spin and orbital angular momenta can also be distinguished .10501049,An ultrabroadband and compact square lattice photonic crystal fiber polarization filter based on surface plasmon resonance is proposed . Four large air holes are introduced near the core to destroy the symmetry of the original fiber structure so that the resonance wavelengths of,An ultrabroadband and compact square lattice photonic crystal fiber polarization filter based on surface plasmon resonance is proposed . Four large air holes are introduced near the core to destroy the symmetry of the original fiber structure so that the resonance wavelengths of10511050,Optical analog to digital conversion is very important for implementing all optical data processing systems . In this study we designed an all optical analog to digital converter using photonic crystal nonlinear ring resonators . The main goal of this study was to design an optical analog to digital converter with no upper limit for the input optical intensity when generating 11 codes at the output ports . Simulation results showed that the maximum rise time for the proposed structure is about 1.5 ps,Simulation results showed that the maximum rise time for the proposed structure is about 1.5 ps The main goal of this study was to design an optical analog to digital converter with no upper limit for the input optical intensity when generating 11 codes at the output ports . In this study we designed an all optical analog to digital converter using photonic crystal nonlinear ring resonators .10521051,In this paper we theoretically demonstrate a nanophotonic optical asymmetric transmission device for arbitrary linear polarization which is composed of two two dimensional square lattice photonic crystals with different effective refractive indices . In this way the NOATD achieves asymmetric transmission based on the generalized total reflection principle which is able to realize a high forward transmittance and contrast ratio for arbitrary linearly polarized light in a broad wavelength range .,In this paper we theoretically demonstrate a nanophotonic optical asymmetric transmission device for arbitrary linear polarization which is composed of two two dimensional square lattice photonic crystals with different effective refractive indices . In this way the NOATD achieves asymmetric transmission based on the generalized total reflection principle which is able to realize a high forward transmittance and contrast ratio for arbitrary linearly polarized light in a broad wavelength range .10531052,The design flexibility of Hollow Core Photonic Crystal Fibres is a significant feature that allows the fibres to achieve excellent optical properties . Changes in the design parameters of HC PCFs used for gas sensing can affect their optical and gas flow properties . The aim of this paper is to investigate the performance of three HC PCFs with different geometries in terms of their optical mode and gas flow performance . The numerical model for the optical mode analysis is presented . The optical performance of three HC PCFs is examined at different wavelengths in terms of their effective refractive index mode field diameter confinement loss and relative sensitivity . The numerical model for gas flow simulations based on Navier Stokes and gas diffusion equations is also presented . This model is used to examine the gas velocity relative average concentration volumetric flow rate and gas filling time for three different HC PCFs and three different gases . A series of gas sensing experiments based on pulsed continuous wave modulated photothermal spectroscopy is conducted to validate the gas flow numerical model . A comparison between the three HC PCFs indicates that the HC PCF with the smallest size is associated with the lowest confinement loss but the highest gas filling time .,The aim of this paper is to investigate the performance of three HC PCFs with different geometries in terms of their optical mode and gas flow performance . The numerical model for gas flow simulations based on Navier Stokes and gas diffusion equations is also presented . A series of gas sensing experiments based on pulsed continuous wave modulated photothermal spectroscopy is conducted to validate the gas flow numerical model .10541053,A six port path reconfigurable circulator based on Y type plasma photonic crystals has been proposed . By calculating and analyzing the transfer matrix equation of the transverse magnetic waves it can be concluded that the anisotropy generated by the magnetized plasma enables the TM waves to produce elliptical polarization . Therefore the plasma columns are introduced in the design of a circulator . This circulator is constituted of six Y type junctions . The direction of the magnetic field can be individually controlled by each junction . Therefore the proposed path reconfigurable circulator employs six Y type junctions to realize the five paths reconfigurability when TM waves incident from the same port . The transmission characteristics of the circulator are simulated . The results show that the designed magnetized PPC can achieve the aim of five paths reconfigurable with the insertion losses of output port 2 to output port 6 are 0.889 dB 1.18 dB 1.26 dB 1.29 dB and 1.79 dB at operating frequency of 0.4882 .,Therefore the proposed path reconfigurable circulator employs six Y type junctions to realize the five paths reconfigurability when TM waves incident from the same port . Therefore the plasma columns are introduced in the design of a circulator . The transmission characteristics of the circulator are simulated .10551054,Metal organic frameworks represent a unique platform for fabrication of nanoparticles of diverse composition and crystallinity . The growth of NPs from constituent parts of MOFs is usually initiated by external stimuli such as temperature light and electron irradiation . Herein the kinetics and NP growth mechanisms remain unexplored . Here we utilized electron irradiation to initiate the nucleation and growth of crystalline Cu NPs of tunable size from several nanometers to hundreds of nanometers inside MOF as a precursor . Simultaneously the process of the NPs growth captured in real time using transmission electron microscope demonstrates the evolution of their size shape and spatial distribution . We also analyze the NP growth by the classical kinetic theory taking into account a phase transformation . Our results contribute to crystal engineering and developing of functional MOF based nanocomposites .,Simultaneously the process of the NPs growth captured in real time using transmission electron microscope demonstrates the evolution of their size shape and spatial distribution . We also analyze the NP growth by the classical kinetic theory taking into account a phase transformation . Herein the kinetics and NP growth mechanisms remain unexplored .10561055,In the present work some optical properties related to intersubband transitions in finite depth asymmetric hyperbolic type quantum wells are theoretically investigated . The use of a hyperbolic potential configuration would account for the actual non abrupt confinement potential in the heterostructure in the case of modulated growing or when compositional diffusion across the interfaces turns out to be relevant . In the investigation the presence of externally applied electromagnetic fields is considered . Electron conduction band states are determined within the parabolic band an effective mass approximation . With the electronic structure information at hand it is possible to evaluate the linear and third order nonlinear light absorption and relative refractive index change coefficients from expression arising in the framework of the compact density matrix approach . According to the theoretical outcome it is found that There is a significant influence of the structural configuration on the magnitude and resonant peak position of the total optical coefficients . Under the effect of increasing external electric and magnetic fields the peak energy positions are shifted towards higher values whereas their amplitude decrease for the optical absorption case and that of the refractive index relative variation is reduced . From these results it can be concluded that both the modification of the confinement profile and the presence of electric and or magnetic fields are suitable tool to control the optical response of asymmetric hyperbolic type semiconductor quantum wells .,According to the theoretical outcome it is found that There is a significant influence of the structural configuration on the magnitude and resonant peak position of the total optical coefficients . Under the effect of increasing external electric and magnetic fields the peak energy positions are shifted towards higher values whereas their amplitude decrease for the optical absorption case and that of the refractive index relative variation is reduced . In the investigation the presence of externally applied electromagnetic fields is considered .10571056,We propose a novel analytical model for anisotropic multi layer cylindrical structures containing graphene layers . The general structure is formed by the aperiodic repetition of a three layer sub structure where a graphene layer with isotropic surface conductivity of is sandwiched between two adjacent magnetic materials . Each anisotropic material has permittivity and permeability tensors of,We propose a novel analytical model for anisotropic multi layer cylindrical structures containing graphene layers . The general structure is formed by the aperiodic repetition of a three layer sub structure where a graphene layer with isotropic surface conductivity of is sandwiched between two adjacent magnetic materials . Each anisotropic material has permittivity and permeability tensors of10581057,Plasmonic chemical and biological sensors have many advantages such as compact sizes and extremely high sensitivity . Biosensors based on plasmonic waveguides and resonators are one of the most attractive candidates for mobile and portable devices . In this work we proposed a metal insulator metal waveguide semi ring resonator loaded with nanodots periodically decorated in the cavity . The spectral characteristics of the sensor designs are studied via the finite element method . For comparison purpose a standard semi ring resonator of equivalent geometric parameters is also studied . It has been shown that the sensitivity of the proposed sensor design can be significantly increased by decorating nanodots in the cavity which allows the sensitivity to reach a value of 1084.21nm RIU . With these excellent properties this chip scale MIM design is believed to be able to find potential applications in integrated photonic systems such as optical sensing and optical networking fields .,The spectral characteristics of the sensor designs are studied via the finite element method . In this work we proposed a metal insulator metal waveguide semi ring resonator loaded with nanodots periodically decorated in the cavity . Biosensors based on plasmonic waveguides and resonators are one of the most attractive candidates for mobile and portable devices .10591058,A new photonic crystal based 21 multiplexer which composed of a Kerr nonlinear Fano resonance based switching module and an adder module is presented . In the proposed device using a pump light power it is possible to control the transmissions of the input signals into the output port . The performance of the proposed device is examined using the finite difference time domain method . The numerical simulation results show that using a pump light power of 0.48,The performance of the proposed device is examined using the finite difference time domain method . In the proposed device using a pump light power it is possible to control the transmissions of the input signals into the output port . The numerical simulation results show that using a pump light power of 0.4810601059,In this paper a novel multifunctional four layer SPR structure is proposed which can not only measure the RI of external layer but can also realize accurate measurement of the applied electric fields by fixing the external layer . When the structure is used for measuring the RI of external analytes the metal and electro optic crystal layers were optimized by FDTD solutions software . The thickness of Ag layer is 50 nm and the optimum electro optic crystal is BaTiO,In this paper a novel multifunctional four layer SPR structure is proposed which can not only measure the RI of external layer but can also realize accurate measurement of the applied electric fields by fixing the external layer . The thickness of Ag layer is 50 nm and the optimum electro optic crystal is BaTiO When the structure is used for measuring the RI of external analytes the metal and electro optic crystal layers were optimized by FDTD solutions software .10611060,Metasurfaces artificial micro and nano photonic structures can modify wavefront of electromagnetic waves to the desired form . Metalenses are the metasurfaces assuming the role of focusing light . The focusing performance of nested gallium doped zinc oxide nanoring arrangements functionalized by conformal Talbot effect is investigated for communication wavelength 1550 nm . The Talbot effect focusing performance of the 2D finite sized structures are computationally demonstrated in a systematically manner . The impact of geometrical parameters on the primary focal spot and focusing performance parameters such as numerical aperture full width half maximum focal depth efficiency and fill factor is examined and summarized via finite difference time domain numerical simulations . All samples presenting an alternative plasmonic option in this work yield a good focusing efficiency of 50 absolute efficiency of 19 numerical aperture up to 0.67 focal depth up to 1.4 times of focal length and a wide focal spot size up to 6.0654 times of operating wavelength . As a result of finite sized construction conformal Talbot effect is examined from a novel alternative plasmonics perspective . Thus a new planarized focusing platform is employed by using a nanostructured microlens acting conformal transformation optics devices with low cost and light capturing tolerance .,The Talbot effect focusing performance of the 2D finite sized structures are computationally demonstrated in a systematically manner . Metasurfaces artificial micro and nano photonic structures can modify wavefront of electromagnetic waves to the desired form . Metalenses are the metasurfaces assuming the role of focusing light .10621061,Plasmonics have allowed revolutionary progress in field of random lasers through improvement of the lasing property via surface plasmon resonance . However localized surface plasmon resonance spectra of conventional metal nanostructures are too narrow to sufficiently cover both the absorption and emission spectra of dyes . Therefore in this paper we fabricate a typical Ag TiO,Therefore in this paper we fabricate a typical Ag TiO However localized surface plasmon resonance spectra of conventional metal nanostructures are too narrow to sufficiently cover both the absorption and emission spectra of dyes . Plasmonics have allowed revolutionary progress in field of random lasers through improvement of the lasing property via surface plasmon resonance .10631062,Nonlinear metasurfaces that dynamically manipulate the phase of a passing light beam are of interest for a wide range of applications . The controlled operation of such devices requires accurate measurements of the optical transmission phase in both the linear and nonlinear regime an experimentally challenging task . In this paper we show that this phase information can be extracted directly from simple transmission measurements using a Hilbert transform approach removing the need for complicated interferometric experimental set ups and enabling direct measurements of the phase in conditions not suitable for other traditional approaches such as Z scan measurements .,Nonlinear metasurfaces that dynamically manipulate the phase of a passing light beam are of interest for a wide range of applications . The controlled operation of such devices requires accurate measurements of the optical transmission phase in both the linear and nonlinear regime an experimentally challenging task . In this paper we show that this phase information can be extracted directly from simple transmission measurements using a Hilbert transform approach removing the need for complicated interferometric experimental set ups and enabling direct measurements of the phase in conditions not suitable for other traditional approaches such as Z scan measurements .10641063,We perform a theoretical study of light propagation properties in two dimensional square photonic crystals following Bravais Moir patterns paying particular attention to the influence of the transversal shape and the orientation of the dielectric scatters onto the width and position of photonic band gaps . In this sense we have considered both square and triangular transversal geometries for the dielectric scatters together with the possible rotation of either all the elements or of one half of them within the unit cell . Results for the photonic dispersion relations and band gaps are compared with those arising from the analysis of structures with simple bi atomic Bravais unit cells . It comes out that wider photonic gaps appear when using square shaped scatters . The use of Bravais Moir cells with the same kind of cores enhance the width of these gaps but shift them towards higher frequencies . Rotation of all elements within the cell in angles of 0.23rad and 0.46rad causes very small if not null changes in the photonic gap widths . However the rotation of one half of the scatters in the cell leaving the other half unrotated does produce noticeable modifications in the photonic band structure For crystals made of square shaped dielectric cores and simple cubic cells this rotation strongly modifies the photonic structure whilst for Bravais Moir crystals the same kind of change takes place for cells made of triangular shaped cores .,We perform a theoretical study of light propagation properties in two dimensional square photonic crystals following Bravais Moir patterns paying particular attention to the influence of the transversal shape and the orientation of the dielectric scatters onto the width and position of photonic band gaps . However the rotation of one half of the scatters in the cell leaving the other half unrotated does produce noticeable modifications in the photonic band structure For crystals made of square shaped dielectric cores and simple cubic cells this rotation strongly modifies the photonic structure whilst for Bravais Moir crystals the same kind of change takes place for cells made of triangular shaped cores . Rotation of all elements within the cell in angles of 0.23rad and 0.46rad causes very small if not null changes in the photonic gap widths .10651064,In this work we introduce a four green light wavelength splitter device based on six slot waveguide structures . Silica and gallium nitride materials were chosen for confining the green light inside the slot waveguide area in a transverse magnetic field mode . The device functioned as a 1 4 demultiplexer which demultiplexes wavelengths in the green light band with wavelength range of 500530 nm with an accurate spacing of 10 nm . The coupling between the six slot waveguide units was analyzed using the classical mode theory and the full vectorial beam propagation method . Simulation results showed that the four wavelengths could be demultiplexed after a short coupling length of 106.5 m with low losses around 0.1080.127 dB full width at half maximum around 8.999.39 nm and excellent crosstalk around 21.13 to 24.1 dB . The device has the potential to increase data bitrate by utilizing the wavelength division multiplexing technique in visible light communication systems .,The coupling between the six slot waveguide units was analyzed using the classical mode theory and the full vectorial beam propagation method . Silica and gallium nitride materials were chosen for confining the green light inside the slot waveguide area in a transverse magnetic field mode . The device functioned as a 1 4 demultiplexer which demultiplexes wavelengths in the green light band with wavelength range of 500530 nm with an accurate spacing of 10 nm .10661065,A plasmonic refractive index sensor based on a metal insulator metal waveguide coupled with a double concentric square ring resonator is proposed and analyzed both theoretically and numerically . The theoretical and the numerical results are based on the transmission line model and the finite difference time domain method respectively . The theoretical results agree well with the numerical ones . A maximum sensitivity of 1250 nm per refractive index unit with a high figure of merit of 32.8 for the double concentric square ring resonator with one stub is obtained in the near infrared region . Also the double concentric square ring resonator with three stubs is simulated and has a maximum sensitivity of 1270 nm per refractive index unit with a high figure of merit of 58 . Our proposed plasmonic structures could find useful applications in sensing systems and integrated circuits in the near infrared region .,The theoretical and the numerical results are based on the transmission line model and the finite difference time domain method respectively . Our proposed plasmonic structures could find useful applications in sensing systems and integrated circuits in the near infrared region . The theoretical results agree well with the numerical ones .10671066,An ultra compact all optical half adder operating at 1550 nm on silicon on insulator is realized by a modular inverse design method which deconstruct the design of optical units with complicated functions to several devices with basic functions . The half adder is composed of five modules two beam splitters one hub one XOR gate and one AND gate all of which are designed by the same multi objective particle swarm optimized method and have the equal area of 2 m 2 m. The system is studied numerically by the Finite Difference Time Domain method . Remarkable contrast ratios of 12.0 dB and 8.45 dB are obtained for AND gate and XOR gate respectively . The whole half adder possesses an ultra small area smaller than 10 m 5 m which results in a short respond time less than 0.7 ps and high respond speed beyond 1.4 THz . The contrast ratio between two output logic states 1 and 0 is around 7 dB and 15 dB for SUM and CARRY respectively . The half adder designed by modular inverse design method possess advantages such as tiny size fast respond and high diversity which indicates that our method has great potential as a universal method for the design of complicated integrated devices .,The half adder is composed of five modules two beam splitters one hub one XOR gate and one AND gate all of which are designed by the same multi objective particle swarm optimized method and have the equal area of 2 m 2 m. The system is studied numerically by the Finite Difference Time Domain method . The contrast ratio between two output logic states 1 and 0 is around 7 dB and 15 dB for SUM and CARRY respectively . The whole half adder possesses an ultra small area smaller than 10 m 5 m which results in a short respond time less than 0.7 ps and high respond speed beyond 1.4 THz .10681067,The two dimensional heterostructure of black phosphorus MXene shows great stability in liquid and gaseous environments . Sensitivity enhancement of a surface plasmon resonance sensor utilizing BP and Ti,The two dimensional heterostructure of black phosphorus MXene shows great stability in liquid and gaseous environments . Sensitivity enhancement of a surface plasmon resonance sensor utilizing BP and Ti10691068,We investigate the impact of financial crises on the syndicated loan spreads applied to public and private firms . We found evidence of a greater increase in loan spreads for European public firms than for private ones during the global financial crisis and the euro area sovereign debt crisis . This result is consistent with our hypothesis that public firms borrowing costs are more sensitive to financial market swings than those of private companies . Our results hold when we control for relationship banking effects a different sample composition between crisis and non crisis periods estimating a propensity score matching and adopting a sample of syndicated loans to US public firms .,We investigate the impact of financial crises on the syndicated loan spreads applied to public and private firms . This result is consistent with our hypothesis that public firms borrowing costs are more sensitive to financial market swings than those of private companies . We found evidence of a greater increase in loan spreads for European public firms than for private ones during the global financial crisis and the euro area sovereign debt crisis .10701069,We study how information disclosure affects financial intermediation when the payoff to the long term investment is risky . The analysis is based on a business cycle version of the bank run model wherein a bank provides risk sharing to demand depositors who experience unobservable shocks to their liquidity preferences . The bank pre commits to the precision of an interim signal regarding the payoff to the long term investment . We examine the impact of bank disclosure on optimal risk sharing achieved by run proof signal contingent demand deposit contracts . We show that for utility functions that display non increasing absolute risk aversion more informative disclosure improves the ex ante risk sharing provided by financial intermediation .,We examine the impact of bank disclosure on optimal risk sharing achieved by run proof signal contingent demand deposit contracts . The bank pre commits to the precision of an interim signal regarding the payoff to the long term investment . We study how information disclosure affects financial intermediation when the payoff to the long term investment is risky .10711070,This study investigates whether deposit insurance affects bank payout policy . To overcome identification concerns we use the US Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 which increased the maximum limit of deposit insurance coverage leading to significant changes in the proportion of insured deposits to assets of some banks while leaving others relatively unaffected . In line with the view that dividends convey information regarding financial health we find that banks which experience a substantial increase in insured deposits reduce dividends relative to others with a smaller increase in insured deposits . An extensive battery of further tests confirm that our results are not driven by events that took place around the time of the increase in the maximum limit of deposit insurance coverage . Overall the results of our empirical analysis suggest that banks holding fewer uninsured deposits pay less dividends .,An extensive battery of further tests confirm that our results are not driven by events that took place around the time of the increase in the maximum limit of deposit insurance coverage . To overcome identification concerns we use the US Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 which increased the maximum limit of deposit insurance coverage leading to significant changes in the proportion of insured deposits to assets of some banks while leaving others relatively unaffected . Overall the results of our empirical analysis suggest that banks holding fewer uninsured deposits pay less dividends .10721071,We consider predicting systemic financial crises one to five years ahead using recurrent neural networks . We evaluate the prediction performance with the Jrda Schularick Taylor dataset which includes the crisis dates and annual macroeconomic series of 17 countries over the period 18702016 . Previous literature has found that simple neural net architectures are useful and outperform the traditional logistic regression model in predicting systemic financial crises . We show that such predictions can be significantly improved by making use of the Long Short Term Memory and the Gated Recurrent Unit neural nets . Behind the success is the recurrent networks ability to make more robust predictions from the time series data . The results remain robust after extensive sensitivity analysis .,We evaluate the prediction performance with the Jrda Schularick Taylor dataset which includes the crisis dates and annual macroeconomic series of 17 countries over the period 18702016 . We show that such predictions can be significantly improved by making use of the Long Short Term Memory and the Gated Recurrent Unit neural nets . The results remain robust after extensive sensitivity analysis .10731072,We explore the effects of bank bailouts on competition in the underwriting business . We exploit a sample of underwriters active in the European corporate bond markets from 2006 to 2013 and find that reputable underwriters suffer market share losses after being bailed out . However the market share of non reputable underwriters is found to increase after a bail out . An exploration of the firmbank underwriting matching reveals that the probability of being chosen as underwriter in a given deal decreases for reputable bailed out banks while it increases for non reputable bailed out banks . These results provide evidence of the effects of bailouts on underwriting competition . The economic impact depends on the,We exploit a sample of underwriters active in the European corporate bond markets from 2006 to 2013 and find that reputable underwriters suffer market share losses after being bailed out . We explore the effects of bank bailouts on competition in the underwriting business . The economic impact depends on the10741073,Using a sample of banks from 36 countries we document that accounting enforcement is negatively related to bank risk taking . We also provide evidence that accounting enforcement enhances bank stability during the crisis . In addition we show that banks assume less risk through more conservative lending decisions and a reduction in complexity in jurisdictions with higher accounting enforcement . Our results show that formal institutions such as accounting enforcement are associated with bank financial decisions and risk taking behavior .,We also provide evidence that accounting enforcement enhances bank stability during the crisis . Using a sample of banks from 36 countries we document that accounting enforcement is negatively related to bank risk taking . In addition we show that banks assume less risk through more conservative lending decisions and a reduction in complexity in jurisdictions with higher accounting enforcement .10751074,We analyse minute level multi dimensional information flows within and between bitcoin spot and derivatives . We show that perpetual swaps and futures traded on the unregulated exchanges Huobi OKEx and BitMEX are much the strongest instruments for bitcoin price discovery and we examine potential determinants of their leadership strength . Prices on the regulated CME bitcoin futures and the US based spot exchanges react to rather than lead price movements on the unregulated exchanges and they may do so relatively slowly . In a multi dimensional setting including the main price leaders within futures perpetuals and spot markets the CME futures have a very minor effect on price discovery even less than the spot exchanges Bitfinex Bitstamp and Coinbase . Our findings highlight the persistent problems stemming from inconsistent regulation in bitcoin spot and derivatives markets including insufficient price stability and lack of resistance to manipulative trading . We conclude that the SEC are correct to maintain such issues as their main concern for bitcoin ETF applications .,We show that perpetual swaps and futures traded on the unregulated exchanges Huobi OKEx and BitMEX are much the strongest instruments for bitcoin price discovery and we examine potential determinants of their leadership strength . Prices on the regulated CME bitcoin futures and the US based spot exchanges react to rather than lead price movements on the unregulated exchanges and they may do so relatively slowly . In a multi dimensional setting including the main price leaders within futures perpetuals and spot markets the CME futures have a very minor effect on price discovery even less than the spot exchanges Bitfinex Bitstamp and Coinbase .10761075,The propagation of transverse Electromagnetic waves along a high energy relativistic electron beam passing through a neutralizing heavy ion background is investigated in the presence of an external axial magnetic field . By making use of the linearized fluid equations coupled with Maxwells equations the dielectric tensor and the dispersion relation of excited modes are derived . Since the electron motion is considered relativistic and fluid theory of plasma is used to describe the system the obtained results are applicable to a vast range of high energy density regime . The mutual interaction between EM and Electron Plasma Waves is studied numerically . In the absence of the axial magnetic field the EPWs and the Extraordinary Electromagnetic waves interact due to the existence of the self generated magnetic field . The instability caused by this interaction has already been reported . We found that applying an axial magnetic field will cause deflection to plasma oscillations which enables coupling between EPWs and Ordinary Electromagnetic waves as well . The results show that increasing the external magnetic field strength suppresses the growth rate caused by the coupling of EPWs EOEM and passes it to the growth of EPWs OEM . Therefore by adjusting the external magnetic field strength the growth of EOEM and OEM modes can be controlled .,The results show that increasing the external magnetic field strength suppresses the growth rate caused by the coupling of EPWs EOEM and passes it to the growth of EPWs OEM . By making use of the linearized fluid equations coupled with Maxwells equations the dielectric tensor and the dispersion relation of excited modes are derived . Therefore by adjusting the external magnetic field strength the growth of EOEM and OEM modes can be controlled .10771076,Herein a two dimensional magnetohydrodynamic simulation has been performed to understand the MHD and the generated magnetic field behaviors of a capacitor coil target . The results showed that a peak B field strength was generated in the capacitor coil target followed by a current peak . This B field depends on a peak current with a pulse duration of 2ns . For a peak current of 2ns the average B field in the capacitor coil target is estimated by the center of the B field from the conventional circular current . The time difference between the peak current and the generated B field is up to 2ns . Furthermore the time difference of the capacitor coil target corresponds to the inductance and resistance of the capacitor coil target . Overall the results suggests that a longer laser pulse will improve the strength of B field generated by the capacitor coil target .,Furthermore the time difference of the capacitor coil target corresponds to the inductance and resistance of the capacitor coil target . Overall the results suggests that a longer laser pulse will improve the strength of B field generated by the capacitor coil target . The time difference between the peak current and the generated B field is up to 2ns .10781077,Low mode asymmetries represent an important obstacle to achieving high gain inertial confinement fusion implosions . As a step in learning how to control such effects an OMEGA experiment with imposed mode 2 laser drive asymmetries was done to study the expected signatures of this type of asymmetry . In the present work a 3D xRAGE simulation including the stalk mount has been brought to bear on the data from that experiment . Comprehensive comparisons between simulated and measured observables are made . Good agreement between simulated and measured x ray image inferred shell trajectories bang times and neutron emission widths are seen showing that the hydrodynamics are well captured in the simulation . Asymmetries seen in simulated and measured time resolved and time integrated x ray images and areal densities also compare well showing impact of both stalk and mode 2 . On the other hand important differences in measured and simulated neutron emission histories yield and ion temperature,Good agreement between simulated and measured x ray image inferred shell trajectories bang times and neutron emission widths are seen showing that the hydrodynamics are well captured in the simulation . On the other hand important differences in measured and simulated neutron emission histories yield and ion temperature As a step in learning how to control such effects an OMEGA experiment with imposed mode 2 laser drive asymmetries was done to study the expected signatures of this type of asymmetry .10791078,To realize a pulsed power discharge plasma using a liquid metal we investigated the dependence of the diameter on the flow velocity of a liquid metal flow consisting of a U alloy . The plasma temperature was measured using a pyrometric method . The results show that the flow velocity estimated by the parabolic corresponds to a theoretical value derived from the difference between the gas pressure and atmospheric pressure . The diameter of the liquid metal flow was found to be 0.5 to 0.9 times smaller than the nozzle diameter . We have also demonstrated pulsed power discharge using this liquid metal load by observing optical emission from plasma . The results indicated that a low temperature plasma was generated by the proposed method .,The results indicated that a low temperature plasma was generated by the proposed method . To realize a pulsed power discharge plasma using a liquid metal we investigated the dependence of the diameter on the flow velocity of a liquid metal flow consisting of a U alloy . The diameter of the liquid metal flow was found to be 0.5 to 0.9 times smaller than the nozzle diameter .10801079,High power laser systems are an attractive driver for compact energetic ion sources . We demonstrate repetitive acceleration at 0.1Hz of proton beams up to 40MeV from a reeled tape target irradiated by ultra high intensities up to 510,We demonstrate repetitive acceleration at 0.1Hz of proton beams up to 40MeV from a reeled tape target irradiated by ultra high intensities up to 510 High power laser systems are an attractive driver for compact energetic ion sources .10811080,We investigated radiation damages induced by irradiating ions in a particle accelerator for a heavy ion inertial fusion system because the radio activation is an unavoidable issue to realize the future HIF power plant . In this study we estimated the radio activation at each part of the HIF accelerator . An evaluation using collisions due to Coulomb barrier gives the safer estimation in the radio activation of the vacuum vessel wall . The estimation results of total cross sections of nuclear reactions between an incident ion and wall elements showed the potential radio activation parts in the HIF accelerator . We indicated that schematic layouts of two types of HIF accelerators with the nuclear reaction cross section and the activated area for the HIF accelerator was evaluated .,We indicated that schematic layouts of two types of HIF accelerators with the nuclear reaction cross section and the activated area for the HIF accelerator was evaluated . In this study we estimated the radio activation at each part of the HIF accelerator . The estimation results of total cross sections of nuclear reactions between an incident ion and wall elements showed the potential radio activation parts in the HIF accelerator .10821081,A combination of CR 39 track detectors and a stepwise energy filter is a simple method to measure the energy spectrum of laser accelerated protons . The number of etch pits in each area of the CR 39 detector is expected to represent the energy spectrum because the different thicknesses of the filters result in different areas into which the energy reaches in CR 39 . However the higher energy regions may overlap depending on the sensitivity of CR 39 . To avoid overlapping i.e . overestimation of the number of etch pits for each energy region a correction method for the energy spectrum from the number of etch pits was developed . Based on the calculation results of the reaching energy values and incident energy ranges for CR 39 etch pits are selected that should be counted in each area . CR 39 with stepwise energy filters provides a corrected energy spectrum of laser accelerated protons by applying the developed method .,CR 39 with stepwise energy filters provides a corrected energy spectrum of laser accelerated protons by applying the developed method . A combination of CR 39 track detectors and a stepwise energy filter is a simple method to measure the energy spectrum of laser accelerated protons . However the higher energy regions may overlap depending on the sensitivity of CR 39 .10831082,We evaluated the reconstruction quality from a conventional compressed ultrafast photography system and demonstrated a multi directional high speed imaging system based on the CUP system . We evaluated the defect rate as a function of the reconstruction quality . The results showed that the dependence of the defect rate on the reconstruction quality is similar to that from numerical experiments used to evaluate the mean square error . The results indicate that the shapes of two images could be reconstructed from one swept image .,The results showed that the dependence of the defect rate on the reconstruction quality is similar to that from numerical experiments used to evaluate the mean square error . We evaluated the reconstruction quality from a conventional compressed ultrafast photography system and demonstrated a multi directional high speed imaging system based on the CUP system . We evaluated the defect rate as a function of the reconstruction quality .10841083,Introduction With the influx of Generation Z students into pharmacy schools there are new opportunities for pharmacy educators to develop its greatest asset . Assessing student characteristics is vital in creating pedagogical approaches in education .,Introduction With the influx of Generation Z students into pharmacy schools there are new opportunities for pharmacy educators to develop its greatest asset . Assessing student characteristics is vital in creating pedagogical approaches in education .10851084,Increasing diagnosis of cancer when the disease is still at early stages is a priority of cancer policy internationally . In England reducing geographical inequalities in early diagnosis is also a key objective . Stage at diagnosis is not recorded for many patients which may bias assessments of progress . We evaluate temporal and geographical changes in stage at diagnosis during 20082013 for colorectal non small cell lung and ovarian cancers using multiple imputation to minimise bias from missing data . Population based data from cancer registrations routes to diagnosis secondary care and clinical audits were individually linked . Patient characteristics and recorded stage were summarised . Stage was imputed where missing using auxiliary information . Logistic regression was used to estimate temporal and geographical changes in early diagnosis adjusted for case mix using a multilevel model . We analysed 196 511 colorectal 180 048 non small cell lung and 29 076 ovarian cancer patients . We estimate that there were very large increases in the percentage of patients diagnosed at stages I or II between 2008 09 and 2012 13 from 32 to 44 for colorectal cancer 19 to 25 for non small cell lung cancer and 28 to 31 for ovarian cancer . Geographical inequalities reduced for colorectal and ovarian cancer . Multiple imputation is an optimal approach to reduce bias from missing data but residual bias may be present in these estimates . Increases in early stage diagnosis coincided with increased diagnosis through the two week wait pathway and colorectal screening . Epidemiological analyses from 2013 are needed to evaluate continued progress .,Logistic regression was used to estimate temporal and geographical changes in early diagnosis adjusted for case mix using a multilevel model . Increases in early stage diagnosis coincided with increased diagnosis through the two week wait pathway and colorectal screening . Geographical inequalities reduced for colorectal and ovarian cancer .10861085,Selection bias due to non or incomplete compliance is challenging in surveys . Using data from a longitudinal survey in testicular cancer survivors we identify factors predicting incomplete compliance . In a questionnaire based national survey 1 813 5year TCSs were invited to report post treatment adverse health outcomes . We separated complete from partial participants completed the first waves questionnaire and 783 became complete and 653 partial participants . Poor socio economics unhealthy life style major co morbidity and chemotherapy related AHOs reported at the first survey wave were associated with a significant 1.51.9 times increased risk for partial participation . At the two last waves non responders had significantly decreased overall survival compared with responders . Our longitudinal study indicates positive selection bias during the 17 years of a longitudinal survey among TCSs with fewer AHOs among Complete than among Partial Participants . If not sufficiently compensated for by data from external sources and or statistical methods attrition bias in longitudinal surveys may limit the external validity of findings related to cancer survivors self reported AHOs .,At the two last waves non responders had significantly decreased overall survival compared with responders . We separated complete from partial participants completed the first waves questionnaire and 783 became complete and 653 partial participants . Poor socio economics unhealthy life style major co morbidity and chemotherapy related AHOs reported at the first survey wave were associated with a significant 1.51.9 times increased risk for partial participation .10871086,Age standardization is vital in international comparison studies of cancer patient survival but standard approaches can fail to produce estimates in the case of sparsity . The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that using a standardization pre weighting approach is a viable alternative approach for external age standardization in population based cancer data and performs well in cases of sparsity . We further de 1 scribe how the pre weighting approach to age standardization can be coupled with the Pohar Perme estimator in both a cohort and period analysis setting . For period analysis we compare approaches for defining the internal age distribution . We use SEER public use data to illustrate our approach and estimate survival for Connecticut and by race to create a scenario with sufficient sparsity . The pre weighting approach gives comparable estimates to traditional age standardization in cases with sufficient data and produces estimates throughout follow up in cases of sparsity when a traditional approach would fail . International comparison studies and other national population based survival studies that need to age standardize estimates for comparability purposes should adopt the Pohar Perme estimator with pre weighting . This approach avoids issues of non estimation in the case of sparsity and will allow more consistent comparisons across the produced estimates .,The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that using a standardization pre weighting approach is a viable alternative approach for external age standardization in population based cancer data and performs well in cases of sparsity . This approach avoids issues of non estimation in the case of sparsity and will allow more consistent comparisons across the produced estimates . We further de 1 scribe how the pre weighting approach to age standardization can be coupled with the Pohar Perme estimator in both a cohort and period analysis setting .10881087,To estimate a possible association between coffee intake during pregnancy and risk of childhood acute leukemia by using a cohort design . We included data from two birth cohorts the Danish National Birth Cohort and the Aarhus Birth Cohort . Recruitment of 141 216 eligible pregnancies occurred from 1 August 1989 to 31 December 2012 . Information on maternal prenatal coffee intake and covariates was collected in early second trimester of pregnancy . Information on childhood AL diagnosed in offspring was obtained from the Danish National Patient Register . We used competing risk time to event regression analysis using the pseudo observation method to estimate risk ratio with no coffee intake during pregnancy considered the reference group . In total 96 children were diagnosed with AL hereof 73 with acute lymphoblastic leukemia . Coffee intake of 0.53 cups day during pregnancy was not associated with a higher risk of childhood AL aRR 0.89 95 confidence interval 0.48 1.65 however an intake of 3 cups day resulted in aRR 1.37 95 CI 0.56 3.32 . Only including ALL as outcome we found similar results aRR 0.80 95 CI 0.371.74 and aRR 1.46 95 CI 0.524.09 respectively . We found no significant association between maternal coffee intake and risk of childhood AL but the number of cases was limited . The confidence limits does not exclude that a high prenatal coffee intake may increase the risk of childhood AL and larger studies based on prospective data are needed .,We found no significant association between maternal coffee intake and risk of childhood AL but the number of cases was limited . We used competing risk time to event regression analysis using the pseudo observation method to estimate risk ratio with no coffee intake during pregnancy considered the reference group . The confidence limits does not exclude that a high prenatal coffee intake may increase the risk of childhood AL and larger studies based on prospective data are needed .10891088,Human leukocyte antigens are encoded by closely linked genetic loci and are important in cervical carcinogenesis . The association between HLA DRB1 alleles with cervical cancer has been studied extensively but results reported thus far have been inconsistent . Hence we performed a meta analysis to precisely assess this association . A literature search was conducted in various online databases to identify suitable articles . Case control studies investigating the association between HLA DRB1 alleles and cervical cancer were included in this study . Fixed and random effect models were used to calculate the pooled odds ratio and 95 confidence intervals . A total of 6645 cases and 9095 controls from 36 case control studies were included . Of the 13 HLA DRB1 family alleles DRB1 09 and DRB1 15 were associated with cervical cancer risk whilst DRB1 13 exerted a protective effect . Among the 44 HLA DRB1 specific alleles DRB1 04 01 DRB1 10 01 DRB1 11 01 DRB1 15 01 and DRB1 15 02 were associated with an increased risk of cervical cancer . However DRB1 04 06 DRB1 12 02 DRB1 13 01 DRB1 13 02 and DRB1 14 04 were associated with a decreased risk of cervical cancer . Subgroup analysis also revealed that HLA DRB1 alleles are associated with cervical cancer in Asian Caucasian Hispanic or Latin American and black sub Saharan Africa populations . Our meta analysis revealed that multiple HLA DRB1 alleles are associated with cervical cancer in women of diverse ancestry populations .,Of the 13 HLA DRB1 family alleles DRB1 09 and DRB1 15 were associated with cervical cancer risk whilst DRB1 13 exerted a protective effect . Fixed and random effect models were used to calculate the pooled odds ratio and 95 confidence intervals . Case control studies investigating the association between HLA DRB1 alleles and cervical cancer were included in this study .10901089,The objectives of this study were to characterize the epidemiology of liver metastases at the time of primary cancer diagnosis characterize the incidence trends of synchronous liver metastases from 20102015 and assess survival of patients with synchronous liver metastases . The Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results database from 2010 to 2015 was queried to obtain cases of patients with liver metastases at the time of primary cancer diagnosis . The primary cancers with an incidence rate of liver metastasis 0.1 are presented in this analysis . Among 2.4 million cancer patients 5.14 of cancer patients presented with synchronous liver metastases . The most common primary site was breast cancers for younger women and colorectal cancers for younger men . As patients get older a more heterogenous population of the top cancers with liver metastases emerges including esophageal stomach small intestine melanoma and bladder cancer in addition to the large proportion of lung pancreatic and colorectal cancers . The 1 year survival of all patients with liver metastases was 15.1 compared to 24.0 in those with non hepatic metastases . Regression analysis showed that the presence of liver metastasis was associated with reduced survival particularly in patients with cancers of the testis prostate breast and anus and in those with melanoma . The most common primary sites for patients with liver metastases varied based on age at diagnosis . Survival for patients with liver metastasis was significantly decreased as compared to patients without liver metastasis .,The primary cancers with an incidence rate of liver metastasis 0.1 are presented in this analysis . Regression analysis showed that the presence of liver metastasis was associated with reduced survival particularly in patients with cancers of the testis prostate breast and anus and in those with melanoma . The 1 year survival of all patients with liver metastases was 15.1 compared to 24.0 in those with non hepatic metastases .10911090,Unhealthy food environments may be associated with higher risks of developing diet related cancers such as colorectal cancer . We conducted an ecological analysis to evaluate the relationship between the local food environment and colorectal cancer incidence overall and separately for males and females . Data from the Texas Cancer Registry was utilized to geocode individuals aged 40 years and older diagnosed with colorectal cancer from 2005 to 2015 to their residential 2010 census tract . Total number of establishments classified as Limited Service Restaurants for each census tract was retrieved from the 2005 Business Patterns Survey by using a crosswalk to map zip codes to census tract . Census tract unhealthy food availability was calculated by dividing the estimated number of Limited Service Restaurant establishments in each census tract by the census tract population and divided into quartiles . Generalized estimating equations were used to assess the association between unhealthy food availability quartiles and colorectal cancer incidence . Adjusting for the census tract level sociodemographic characteristics the incidence of colorectal cancer was slightly higher in unhealthy food availability quartile 2 1.03 95 CI 1.001.05 but not quartile 3 and quartile 4 compared to census tracts with lowest unhealthy food availability . Colorectal cancer incidence was not strongly associated with census tracts with higher unhealthy food availability . Future observational studies should be conducted to examine the influence of the built environment on colorectal cancer risk .,We conducted an ecological analysis to evaluate the relationship between the local food environment and colorectal cancer incidence overall and separately for males and females . Future observational studies should be conducted to examine the influence of the built environment on colorectal cancer risk . Generalized estimating equations were used to assess the association between unhealthy food availability quartiles and colorectal cancer incidence .10921091,The burden of renal cell carcinoma in young adults received marginal attention . We assessed contemporary gender race and stage specific incidence and trends of RCC among young adults in the United States . Within Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results database patients aged 2039 years with histologically confirmed RCC were included . Age standardized incidence rates were estimated . Temporal trends were calculated through joinpoint regression analyses to describe the average annual percent change . From 20002016 7767 new RCC cases were recorded . ASRs were higher in males than in females and increased significantly in both genders . Non Hispanic American Indian Alaska Native had the highest incidence vs. non Hispanic Asian or Pacific Islander the lowest . ASRs significantly increased in all ethnic groups . T1aN0M0 and T1bN0M0 stages showed the highest incidence and increase . Also regional and distant stages increased . The most frequent tumor characteristics were G2 and G1 as well as clear cell histology . RCC in young adults is rare but increasing . This is mainly due to T1aN0M0 tumors . Nonetheless also regional diseases are significantly increasing . Differences between ethnic groups exist and may warrant further research .,We assessed contemporary gender race and stage specific incidence and trends of RCC among young adults in the United States . The burden of renal cell carcinoma in young adults received marginal attention . T1aN0M0 and T1bN0M0 stages showed the highest incidence and increase .10931092,Early diagnosis and stage at presentation two prognostic factors for survival among patients with head and neck cancer are significantly impacted by a patients health insurance status . We aimed to assess the impact of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act on stage at presentation across socioeconomic and demographic subpopulations of HNC patients in the United States . Retrospective data analysis . The National Cancer Database a hospital based cancer database was queried for adults aged 1864 years and diagnosed with a malignant primary HNC . The outcome of interest was change in early stage diagnoses between 20112013 and 20142015 using logistic regression models . A total of 91 137 HNC cases were identified in the pre ACA and post ACA years . Overall the odds of early stage diagnoses did not change significantly post ACA aOR 0.97 95 CI 0.94 1.00 We demonstrate a significant association between ACA implementation and increased early stage presentation among Medicaid enrolled HNC patients . This suggests that coverage expansions through the ACA may be associated with increased access to care and may yield greater benefits among low income HNC patients .,We aimed to assess the impact of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act on stage at presentation across socioeconomic and demographic subpopulations of HNC patients in the United States . The outcome of interest was change in early stage diagnoses between 20112013 and 20142015 using logistic regression models . A total of 91 137 HNC cases were identified in the pre ACA and post ACA years .10941093,Introduction . The incidence of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia varies between countries likely as a result of competing risks including infections access to care socioeconomic influences and or ethnicity . However little is known about disease burden in high income Arab countries offering free of charge healthcare . The hypothesis was that due to population characteristics the incidence of cALL in Saudi Arabia is equal or higher than that observed in high income Western countries .,The hypothesis was that due to population characteristics the incidence of cALL in Saudi Arabia is equal or higher than that observed in high income Western countries . Introduction . The incidence of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia varies between countries likely as a result of competing risks including infections access to care socioeconomic influences and or ethnicity .10951094,With considerable diversity in the patterns of cancer in different regions of Thailand and between urban vs. rural areas this report focuses on cancer incidence burden in the Bangkok Metropolis 201115 . Incidence rates in Bangkok were derived as the mean annual number of new cancer cases per 100 000 inhabitants for the period 20112015 stratified by 5 year age group and sex . Age standardized incidence rates were calculated using the world standard population . The five most frequent cancers in Bangkok correspond to close to 60 of the total burden in both males and females . In males cancers of the lung liver and colorectum each comprised 1416 of the burden while breast cancer was responsible for three in 10 cancers in women with colorectal and cervical cancer ranking second and third . respectively . Under three different scenarios of trends in all cancer incidence rates demographic changes mean that the incidence burden will rise over the next two decades . The critical relevance of this information in the context of the planning and evaluation of national cancer control policies in Thailand is discussed . Evidently the Bangkok and other Thai population based cancer registries are essential in measuring the population level impact of tobacco control HBV and HPV vaccination cervical and colorectal cancer screening and via survival estimation the effectiveness of cancer care .,With considerable diversity in the patterns of cancer in different regions of Thailand and between urban vs. rural areas this report focuses on cancer incidence burden in the Bangkok Metropolis 201115 . The critical relevance of this information in the context of the planning and evaluation of national cancer control policies in Thailand is discussed . The five most frequent cancers in Bangkok correspond to close to 60 of the total burden in both males and females .10961095,Infection is hypothesised as a contributory cause of childhood immune cell malignancies . Although some have reported associations between individual infections and immune cell malignancies some could be spurious due to infections caused by malignancies that were already active prior to diagnosis . Identified from Taiwan Cancer Registry 3000 children with four commonest immune cell malignancies diagnosed during 20012015 at age 120 years were identified and matched with 1 10 controls . Using logistic regression we estimated the time specific case versus control odds ratios of seven common infection presentations in their health records . We also compared recorded unexplained lymph nodes between cases and controls to explore for how long malignancy may be active prior to diagnosis . Unexplained lymph nodes were increasingly recorded months before the diagnosis of childhood leukaemias and years before the diagnosis of childhood lymphomas . When using p 0.01 as a guide large case control differences in infection records were found mostly within 02 months prior to the diagnosis . Changes in odds ratios within 335 months and case control differences beyond 36 months prior to diagnosis was relatively small . Statistical power varied according to incidence of malignancy incidence of infection records and the age distribution . Immune cell malignancies were likely to be active some time before the diagnosis . Previous studies using conventional population based methods may not be able to distinguish any small causal link between infection and immune cell malignancies from spurious associations .,Statistical power varied according to incidence of malignancy incidence of infection records and the age distribution . Unexplained lymph nodes were increasingly recorded months before the diagnosis of childhood leukaemias and years before the diagnosis of childhood lymphomas . Using logistic regression we estimated the time specific case versus control odds ratios of seven common infection presentations in their health records .10971096,To monitor trends in childhood cancer mortality in Europe . We calculated age standardized mortality rates per 100 000 children from 1990 to the last available calendar year for all neoplasms and six main cancers in childhood in selected European countries and geographic areas plus the European Union using data from the World Health Organization database . We carried out a joinpoint regression analysis of mortality trends for all neoplasms leukaemia and tumours of the nervous system . Results of the joinpoint regression were summarized through annual percent change for each identified linear segment and weighted average APC over the whole period . From 1990 to 2015 childhood total cancer mortality rates dropped by 2.8 per year in the EU to reach 2.6 100 000 in the latest available calendar years . The greatest declines were in central eastern countries . Recent rates ranged between 1.7 and 4.3 deaths 100 000 with the highest values in central eastern Europe . Leukaemia mortality rates in the EU decreased from 1.6 to 0.6 100 000 in the latest calendar years . The deepest declines were registered in central eastern countries though they still showed the highest rates . The lowest leukaemia mortality rates were in northern western Europe but also in the Czech Republic and Poland . Southern European countries showed comparatively high rates . Nervous system tumours showed relatively modest falls . Childhood cancer mortality continued to decline steady in Europe though geographic differences persist . Further efforts are required to fill the gap by promoting widespread and rational adoption of currently available treatment protocols .,We carried out a joinpoint regression analysis of mortality trends for all neoplasms leukaemia and tumours of the nervous system . Results of the joinpoint regression were summarized through annual percent change for each identified linear segment and weighted average APC over the whole period . Recent rates ranged between 1.7 and 4.3 deaths 100 000 with the highest values in central eastern Europe .10981097,Little is known about the etiology of childhood Wilms tumor and potentially modifiable maternal risk factors in particular . Unpublished data derived from the hospital based case control study of the Greek Nationwide Registry for Childhood Hematological Malignancies and Solid Tumors were included in an Effect estimates from 72 cases and 72 age and sex matched controls contributed by NARECHEM ST were meta analysed together with those of another 17 mainly medium size studies of ecological case control and cohort design . Maternal intake of folic acid and or other vitamins supplements during pregnancy was inversely associated with WT risk 6 studies OR 0.78 95 CI 0.690.89 I In the largest to date meta analysis there was an inverse association of maternal folic acid or vitamins supplementation with WT risk in the offspring derived mainly from ecological studies . The association with maternal alcohol consumption found in our study needs to be further explored whereas no association with maternal smoking was detected . Given the proven benefits for other health conditions recommendations regarding folic acid supplementation as well as smoking and alcohol cessation should apply . The maternal alcohol consumption associations however should be further explored given the inherent limitations in the assessment of exposures of the published studies .,Little is known about the etiology of childhood Wilms tumor and potentially modifiable maternal risk factors in particular . Unpublished data derived from the hospital based case control study of the Greek Nationwide Registry for Childhood Hematological Malignancies and Solid Tumors were included in an Effect estimates from 72 cases and 72 age and sex matched controls contributed by NARECHEM ST were meta analysed together with those of another 17 mainly medium size studies of ecological case control and cohort design . The association with maternal alcohol consumption found in our study needs to be further explored whereas no association with maternal smoking was detected .10991098,This study was aimed to analyze the spectrum of time intervals from the onset of symptoms to the commencement of treatment in esophagogastric cancers . Factors influencing these time delays and correlation between these time points with variables including socioeconomic strata educational level histopathology location of tumor and the initial modality of treatment were assessed . A prospective analysis of patients with esophagogastric cancer presenting to a single tertiary care unit over a period of 12 months was performed . Histopathology other than adenocarcinoma and squamous cell were excluded . 202 patients were enrolled in the study . Most patients presented with advanced disease i.e . 91.5 of esophageal and 90 of gastric malignancies belonged to either stage 3 or stage 4 as per American Joint Committee on Cancer tumor node metastasis staging system . The median delay from the appearance of the first symptoms to initiation of treatment was 15 weeks . Patient related factors contributed to a significant delay . Administrative factors were responsible for median delay of 3 weeks . Curative multimodality treatment was administered in 62.5 of patients . Significant longer delay was influenced by socioeconomic strata educational level evaluation by non specialist . No relationship was noted between histopathology location of tumor or initial modality of treatment . Delays in our setting is much more than that is seen in Western and even some Asian countries . An important component of delay is administrative related factors . These may be intervened at the hospital level compared to other factors which may need long term community oriented approaches .,This study was aimed to analyze the spectrum of time intervals from the onset of symptoms to the commencement of treatment in esophagogastric cancers . The median delay from the appearance of the first symptoms to initiation of treatment was 15 weeks . 202 patients were enrolled in the study .11001099,There are reports that lung cancer in non smokers is increasing in the United Kingdom and other high income countries but evidence from large scale cohort studies to support this claim is limited . Using The Health Improvement Network IQVIA Medical Research Data we identified a cohort of 3 679 831 people from the UK self reporting to their primary care physician as never or non smokers . We estimated age adjusted incidence rates for recorded lung cancer before and after the introduction of smoke free legislation using multivariable Poisson regression . We also explored the impact of geographic location social deprivation and urbanicity . The analysis included 3 212 lung cancer events and 28 million person years . Between 1998 and 2007 the age adjusted rates in men declined by 9 per year from an estimated 5.6 to 1.5 per 10 000 PYs and by 3 per year between 2008 and 2018 . These trends for men were similar across sociodemographic strata . Between 1998 and 2007 age adjusted rates were stable for women at 1.5 per 10 000 PYs . However there was evidence that time trends for women differed depending on levels of social deprivation with rates increasing by 5 per year from an estimated 1.32.1 per 10 000 PYs for women living in the least socially deprived areas . Sex specific time trends from 2008 to 2016 were broadly similar in a separate cohort of self reported never smokers from UK Biobank with cancer events linked to national registries . In summary the incidence of LCINS has reduced or remained stable for most of the UK with the possible exception of women living in the least socially deprived areas .,We also explored the impact of geographic location social deprivation and urbanicity . We estimated age adjusted incidence rates for recorded lung cancer before and after the introduction of smoke free legislation using multivariable Poisson regression . The analysis included 3 212 lung cancer events and 28 million person years .11011100,To describe cancer incidence and treatment utilization patterns at the regional cancer referral center for the Lake Zone of northwestern Tanzania from 2008 to 2016 . This descriptive retrospective study reviewed all cancer cases recorded in the Bugando Cancer Registry a clinical and pathology based registry at the only cancer referral hospital in the region . Primary tumor site method of diagnosis HIV status and cancer treatment were reported . Using census data the 2012 GLOBOCAN estimates for Tanzania were scaled to the Lake Zone and adjusted for 2016 population growth . These estimates were then compared to BCR cases using one sample tests of proportion . A total of 2772 cases were reported from 20082016 . Among these the majority of cases were diagnosed among adults . Most cases were diagnosed by histology or cytology . Among adults the most common cancers diagnosed were cervix breast and prostate . Among children the most common cancers were non Burkitt non Hodgkin lymphoma Burkitt lymphoma and Wilms tumor . The 1116 BCR cases represent 12.2 of the 9165 expected number of cancer cases for the Lake Zone . 1494 cases received some form of treatment surgery chemotherapy radiation or hormone therapy while 1278 cases had no treatment recorded . This comprehensive report of the BCR reveals cancer epidemiology and treatment utilization patterns typical of hospitals in low resource settings . Despite being the only cancer center in the Lake Zone BMC evaluates a small percentage of the expected number of cancer patients for the region . The BCR remains an important resource to guide clinical care and academic activities for the Lake Zone .,The 1116 BCR cases represent 12.2 of the 9165 expected number of cancer cases for the Lake Zone . This comprehensive report of the BCR reveals cancer epidemiology and treatment utilization patterns typical of hospitals in low resource settings . Despite being the only cancer center in the Lake Zone BMC evaluates a small percentage of the expected number of cancer patients for the region .11021101,With the prevalence of cancer survivors increasing their unique needs must be better understood . We examined the health lifestyles and social circumstances of adults with and without a history of cancer . We performed a cross sectional study using exposure and outcome data from the baseline survey of participants in the 45 and Up Study a prospective cohort study in New South Wales Australia . We compared 20 811 cancer registry verified adult cancer survivors with 207 148 participants without a history of cancer using propensity score weighting and accounting for multiple testing . The propensity weighting included age sociodemographic factors and number of self reported co morbidities . Cancer survivors were more likely to report poorer physical and psychological health and quality of life compared to those without a cancer history with most deficits still evident more than 10 years after cancer diagnosis . Cancer survivors were more likely to have a higher body mass index but were less likely to smoke . Cancer survivors had greater functional limitations including sexual and were less likely to work full time volunteer and spend time outdoors . Their social connectedness was however similar . Those with haematological cancer lung cancer or distant metastases and those diagnosed at an older age had the greatest health deficits and functional limitations . A history of cancer is associated with poorer health and less paid and unpaid work . Our findings reinforce the importance of routine long term integrated multidisciplinary care for cancer survivors and indicate the subgroups with the greatest unmet needs .,We examined the health lifestyles and social circumstances of adults with and without a history of cancer . Our findings reinforce the importance of routine long term integrated multidisciplinary care for cancer survivors and indicate the subgroups with the greatest unmet needs . The propensity weighting included age sociodemographic factors and number of self reported co morbidities .11031102,Based the important role of patient reported outcome in measuring patients QoL a general PRO instrument was designed for Chinese patients with cancer . The instrument was administered in eight hospitals . Based on PRO guidelines a conceptual framework and item pool were generated after literature review and patients interviews . Via two item selection process the original version of a cancer PRO measure was generated . Patients responsiveness was evaluated in four disease systems by item response theory . The reliability validity and feasibility of CA PROM were assessed . The minimum clinically important differences and risk thresholds of PRO were calculated . A total of 2213 valid questionnaires were collected . After expert opinions and cognitive tests 11 items were deleted . In the pre survey and formal survey 19 items were deleted based on six methods of classical test theory . In the respiratory digestive hematological and endocrine systems four items with poor responsiveness were deleted by item response theory . The final CA PROM included four domains 13 subdomains and 49 items . Reliability coefficients of 13 subdomain was The developed CA PROM exhibited good reliability validity and feasibility and can be used as an effective evaluation tool in cancer patients .,Based the important role of patient reported outcome in measuring patients QoL a general PRO instrument was designed for Chinese patients with cancer . In the pre survey and formal survey 19 items were deleted based on six methods of classical test theory . Via two item selection process the original version of a cancer PRO measure was generated .11041103,LongAn Guangxi was the first county in China to implement universal childhood hepatitis B virus immunization . We aimed to determine its long term effects in preventing hepatocellular carcinoma 32 years after the immunization programme was launched . Information on HCC deaths for LongAn and its neighbouring county BinYang were obtained from the national mortality surveillance system . The data were analysed using Poisson regression . The overall age adjusted mortalities of HCC in LongAn and BinYang during 20172018 were 53.3 100 000 and 45.4 100 000 respectively . The mortality of males aged 2029 years in LongAn who were vaccinated at birth was lower than that of males in BinYang who were not vaccinated . In LongAn the HCC mortality in adults aged 2029 years declined significantly from 7.9 100 000 in 2004 to 1.4 100 000 in 20172018 Immunization of infants against HBV has reduced their risk of developing HCC as children and young adults but could not prevent all cases of HCC suggesting that the major risk factor for HCC in hyperendemic regions is shifting from HBV to other factors . Additional prevention strategies for HCC will be needed in the future .,We aimed to determine its long term effects in preventing hepatocellular carcinoma 32 years after the immunization programme was launched . LongAn Guangxi was the first county in China to implement universal childhood hepatitis B virus immunization . Information on HCC deaths for LongAn and its neighbouring county BinYang were obtained from the national mortality surveillance system .11051104,Osteosarcoma is rare disease and there is a strong controversy about the potential impact of symptom interval on the stage of disease and patients outcomes . We want to assess whether increased symptom interval is associated with advanced tumor stage and poor prognosis for patients with osteosarcoma . We analyzed prospectively collected data of 220 patients younger than 40 years who had osteosarcoma around the knee . Symptom interval was analyzed to evaluate its impact on metastases at diagnosis tumor volume chemotherapy response and overall survival . The median of SI was 64.5 days . The 5 year overall survival rate for patients with different length of symptom interval were 0.78 0.49 0.52 and 0.65 respectively Increased SI but not the longest SI is associated with higher incidence of metastases at diagnosis patients can benefit from an earlier diagnosis in terms of survival .,The 5 year overall survival rate for patients with different length of symptom interval were 0.78 0.49 0.52 and 0.65 respectively Increased SI but not the longest SI is associated with higher incidence of metastases at diagnosis patients can benefit from an earlier diagnosis in terms of survival . We analyzed prospectively collected data of 220 patients younger than 40 years who had osteosarcoma around the knee . Osteosarcoma is rare disease and there is a strong controversy about the potential impact of symptom interval on the stage of disease and patients outcomes .11061105,Mitochondrial DNA copy number is considered a biomarker for mitochondrial function and oxidative stress . Although previous studies have suggested a potential relationship between mtDNAcn at the time of colorectal cancer diagnosis and CRC prognosis findings have been inconsistent and no study has specifically investigated the association of pre diagnostic mtDNAcn with CRC survival . We examined the association of pre diagnostic leukocyte mtDNAcn with overall and CRC specific survival among 587 patients in Nurses Health Study and Health Professionals Follow Up Study . Cox models were constructed to estimate hazard ratios and 95 confidence intervals . During a mean follow up of 10.5 years 395 deaths were identified 180 were due to CRC . Overall we did not observe significant associations between mtDNAcn and either overall or CRC specific survival among all cases or by cancer location grade or stage . In an exploratory stratified analysis a suggestive inverse association of mtDNAcn and overall death risk appeared among current smokers for 1 SD decrease in mtDNAcn 1.50 no significant associations between pre diagnostic leukocyte mtDNAcn and either overall or CRC specific survival appeared but exploratory analysis identified potential sub group associations .,We examined the association of pre diagnostic leukocyte mtDNAcn with overall and CRC specific survival among 587 patients in Nurses Health Study and Health Professionals Follow Up Study . Although previous studies have suggested a potential relationship between mtDNAcn at the time of colorectal cancer diagnosis and CRC prognosis findings have been inconsistent and no study has specifically investigated the association of pre diagnostic mtDNAcn with CRC survival . Mitochondrial DNA copy number is considered a biomarker for mitochondrial function and oxidative stress .11071106,The aim of the study was to characterize subsequent neoplasm benign and non melanoma skin cancer treated previously for a childhood solid malignant tumor at the Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Motol University Hospital Prague . We evaluated a cohort of 4059 childhood cancer survivors treated between 1975 and 2018 . From 4059 survivors 170 developed at least one SMN 193 SMNs in 170 survivors 21 of them had two or more SMNs and 34 of them had one SMN and one or more BSNs . Mortality for an SMN was 38.2 i.e . 1.6 of all survivors . The most frequent SMNs were thyroid carcinoma tumors of the central nervous system soft tissue sarcoma breast carcinoma and leukemia . Genetic syndromes were present in 25 patients with SMNs and in 16 patients with only BSNs . SMNs usually developed in second decade or later after finishing of therapy . We observed some not well known risk factors of SNs e.g . spinal irradiation or We confirmed data from previous studies of SNs and observed some not so well known risk factors . Our results and the literature show that the incidence of SMNs is 310 of survivors and is associated with high mortality .,Our results and the literature show that the incidence of SMNs is 310 of survivors and is associated with high mortality . The aim of the study was to characterize subsequent neoplasm benign and non melanoma skin cancer treated previously for a childhood solid malignant tumor at the Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Motol University Hospital Prague . The most frequent SMNs were thyroid carcinoma tumors of the central nervous system soft tissue sarcoma breast carcinoma and leukemia .11081107,This study aimed to investigate the association between physical activity and site specific cancer incidence . UK Biobank is a prospective population based cohort study . 364 899 adults were included . The exposure variable was physical activity level derived from the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form . Participants were categorised at high moderate or low levels of activity following standardised IPAQ SF scoring guidance . Primary outcome measures included incident cancers at 20 sites . Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios and 95 confidence intervals showing relationships between physical activity and cancer . 21 816 incident cancers were identified . Significant associations were identified between high physical activity levels and lower risk of lung breast hepatobiliary tract and colon cancers compared to low physical activity levels . Moderate levels of physical activity were associated with significantly lower risk of oropharyngeal and lung cancer compared to low physical activity levels . Sensitivity analyses showed associations of higher physical activity with lower oesophageal and higher prostate cancer incidence . Regular physical activity is significantly associated with reduced risk for lung breast hepatobiliary tract colon and oropharyngeal cancers . Our findings highlight the importance of physical activity promotion particularly high levels of physical activity in cancer prevention .,Our findings highlight the importance of physical activity promotion particularly high levels of physical activity in cancer prevention . This study aimed to investigate the association between physical activity and site specific cancer incidence . Sensitivity analyses showed associations of higher physical activity with lower oesophageal and higher prostate cancer incidence .11091108,The main evidence regarding social inequalities in cancer risk comes from industrialized countries . The aim of this manuscript was to analyze the association between cancer incidence and socioeconomic position in a middle income country between 2011 and 2015 . An ecological study at the level of the electoral district was conducted . The 477 districts were divided by area and wealth using the 2011 Census . The sample was defined using the National Electoral Rolls used for presidential elections of 2006 and 2010 . 44 799 cancer cases were included coming from the Costa Rican Cancer Registry . Cox models were used . All cancer sites combined we observed a positive gradient with incidence being lower in the poorest districts than in the wealthiest HRQ3 0.92 HRQ4 0.83 . For colon skin breast prostate thyroid and other cancer sites a positive social gradient was observed . For stomach lung and cervical cancers a negative social gradient was found . For uterine cancer and lymphoma there was no significant relationship between wealth and incidence . For skin cancer incidence was higher in rural as compared to urban areas after adjustment for wealth . For lung cervical and uterine cancer incidence was lower in rural as compared to urban area after adjustment for wealth . The all cancer combined results were in contradiction with the international literature but confirmed recent study results in Costa Rica . It confirmed the importance of studying socioeconomic inequalities in middle income countries .,The aim of this manuscript was to analyze the association between cancer incidence and socioeconomic position in a middle income country between 2011 and 2015 . An ecological study at the level of the electoral district was conducted . All cancer sites combined we observed a positive gradient with incidence being lower in the poorest districts than in the wealthiest HRQ3 0.92 HRQ4 0.83 .11101109,Determining the validity of self reported data is important . The aim of this study was to assess the validity of self reported cancer and investigate factors associated with accurate reporting in men and women . Study participants from the Geelong Osteoporosis Study located in south eastern Australia were utilised . Self reported cancer data were compared to Victorian Cancer Registry records . Age socioeconomic status education and time between cancer diagnosis and study appointment were investigated as factors associated with accuracy of self report . There were 142 participants who self reported a cancer and 135 with a VCR record . Comparing self report to any registry record sensitivity was 63.7 specificity 96.5 PPV 60.6 NPV 96.9 and overall agreement 0.588 . Comparing exact match records sensitivity was 58.8 specificity 95.5 PPV 49.3 NPV 96.9 and overall agreement 0.499 . In logistic regression models post secondary education was independently associated with accuracy of any and exact match self report compared to cancer registry record . For any cancer being aged 70 years was inversely associated with accuracy . Likewise for matched cancer reporting those aged 6070 years and 70 years were less accurate . No other significant associations were detected . Results suggest moderate agreement between self report and registry data for any cancer among men and women . However when comparing self report to registry data for exact match cancer type level of overall agreement deteriorated . Self report cancer data may be acceptable for determining a history of cancer although is less accurate in identifying history of specific cancer types documented in registry based data .,The aim of this study was to assess the validity of self reported cancer and investigate factors associated with accurate reporting in men and women . In logistic regression models post secondary education was independently associated with accuracy of any and exact match self report compared to cancer registry record . Determining the validity of self reported data is important .11111110,Peru has a public health problem because of asbestos imports . We analyzed the mortality trends for mesothelioma in Peru and its provinces from 2005 to 2014 and estimated their relationship with the amount of asbestos imported previously . We computed age standardized mortality rates per 100 000 population and the standardized mortality ratio . The relationship between the amount of asbestos imported annually along the period 19652010 and the number of mesothelioma deaths per year from 2005 to 2014 was estimated by log linear Poisson regression models and Pearson correlation calculations . After correcting the number of deaths Peru registered 428 cases between 2005 and 2014 . The highest ASMRs were in Arequipa and Callao followed by Huancavelica . This translates into approximately one death per each 68111 of asbestos tons imported . The latency period for the higher level of positive correlation found was 8 years . Male female sex ratio was lower in provinces such as Junin and Hunacavelica with geological asbestos risk . Two patterns of mesothelioma risk have been detected occupational and environmental . During the 20022006 years Peru increased the asbestos use . If crocidolite imports were also increased this could be behind the 8 years latency period detected . Peru should boost strategies towards the total ban of all forms of asbestos .,The latency period for the higher level of positive correlation found was 8 years . The relationship between the amount of asbestos imported annually along the period 19652010 and the number of mesothelioma deaths per year from 2005 to 2014 was estimated by log linear Poisson regression models and Pearson correlation calculations . We analyzed the mortality trends for mesothelioma in Peru and its provinces from 2005 to 2014 and estimated their relationship with the amount of asbestos imported previously .11121111,Race is an important determinant of cancer outcome . The purpose of this study was to identify disparities in clinical presentation treatment use and in hospital outcomes of patients with spinal metastases . The United States National Inpatient Sample database was queried to identify patients with metastatic disease and cord compression or spinal pathological fracture . Clinical presentation type of intervention and in hospital outcomes were compared between races ethnicities . Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed and adjusted for differences in patient age sex insurance status income quartile hospital teaching status and size Charlson comorbidity index smoking status tumor type and neurological status . A total of 145 809 patients were identified 74.8 Caucasian 14.1 African American 7.9 Hispanic and 3.2 Asian . Over one third of patients presented with MSCC 35.7 of Caucasians 50.3 of AAs 41.1 of Hispanics and 39.8 of Asians . Paralysis affected 8.4 of all patients 7.4 of Caucasians 12.7 of AAs 10.5 of Hispanics and 10.0 of Asians . For patients with MSCC multivariate analysis showed that AAs were less likely to undergo surgical intervention significantly more likely to experience a complication significantly more likely to experience prolonged length of stay and significantly more likely to experience a non routine discharge compared to Caucasians . Minority groups with spinal metastatic disease may be at a disadvantage compared to Caucasians with significant disparities found in presenting characteristics type of intervention and in hospital outcomes . Continued efforts to overcome these differences are needed .,The purpose of this study was to identify disparities in clinical presentation treatment use and in hospital outcomes of patients with spinal metastases . A total of 145 809 patients were identified 74.8 Caucasian 14.1 African American 7.9 Hispanic and 3.2 Asian . Paralysis affected 8.4 of all patients 7.4 of Caucasians 12.7 of AAs 10.5 of Hispanics and 10.0 of Asians .11131112,Human papillomavirus is considered the strongest epidemiologic risk factor for cervical cancer . However it is not a sufficient cause given the high prevalence of transient infections . We examined the relationship between exposure to tobacco smoke measured using urinary nicotine metabolite concentrations and p16 Ki 67 co expression in cervical smears and subsequent risk of developing CIN2 CIN3 lesions in HPV positive women . This prospective longitudinal study enrolled women presenting to colposcopy with cytological abnormalities LSIL ASCUS at the National Maternity Hospital Dublin . Women gave a urine sample which was used to perform the Nicotine Metabolite Assay . HPV positive cervical smears were stained by immunocytochemistry for p16 Ki 67 . Two year follow up data including histological diagnosis was collected for each woman . Crude and adjusted odds ratios were calculated using logistic regression to investigate associations between tobacco smoke p16 Ki 67 positivity and CIN2 CIN3 . In total 275 HPV positive women were included . Women with nicotine metabolite concentrations above 500 ng mL indicative of smoking were classified as smokers . Smokers were at an increased risk of testing positive for p16 Ki 67 and CIN2 and CIN3 in compared to non smokers . In p16 Ki 67 positive women smoking further increased their risk of CIN2 CIN3 . HPV positive women exposed to tobacco smoke are at a higher risk of testing positive for p16 Ki 67 co expression . Risk of high grade disease is almost doubled in women who are exposed to tobacco smoke .,We examined the relationship between exposure to tobacco smoke measured using urinary nicotine metabolite concentrations and p16 Ki 67 co expression in cervical smears and subsequent risk of developing CIN2 CIN3 lesions in HPV positive women . This prospective longitudinal study enrolled women presenting to colposcopy with cytological abnormalities LSIL ASCUS at the National Maternity Hospital Dublin . Human papillomavirus is considered the strongest epidemiologic risk factor for cervical cancer .11141113,Socioeconomic inequalities in colorectal cancer survival are a major concern of the Spanish public health system . If these inequalities were mainly due to differences in stage at diagnosis population based screening programs might reduce them substantially . We aimed to determine to what extent adverse stage distribution contributed to survival inequalities in a Spanish region before the implementation of a CRC screening program . We analyzed data from a population based cohort study that included all patients living in a region of southern Spain with CRC diagnosed between 2004 and 2013 . The European Deprivation Index was used to assign each patient a socioeconomic level based on their area of residence . The role of tumor stage in survival disparities between socioeconomic groups was assessed using a causal mediation analysis . A total of 2802 men and 1957 women were included in the study . For men the adjusted difference in deaths between the most deprived and the most affluent areas was 131 deaths per 1000 person years by the first year after diagnosis . Of these deaths 42 were attributable to differences in stage at diagnosis . No socioeconomic disparities in survival were detected among female patients . In this study we mainly detected socioeconomic disparities in short term survival of male patients . More than two thirds of these inequalities could not be attributed to differences in stage at diagnosis . Our results suggest that in addition to a screening program other public health interventions are necessary to reduce the deprivation gap in survival .,A total of 2802 men and 1957 women were included in the study . We aimed to determine to what extent adverse stage distribution contributed to survival inequalities in a Spanish region before the implementation of a CRC screening program . The European Deprivation Index was used to assign each patient a socioeconomic level based on their area of residence .11151114,To identify time trends in incidence mortality and 5 year relative survival in children and adolescents with cancer in Goiania Goias Brazil during the years of 19962012 . Incidence and mortality age standardized rates were calculated and trends were identified by determining the Average Annual Percentage Change . Five year relative survival were estimated . The overall incidence ASR was 164.2 1 000 000 in both genders . In boys was 176.6 1 000 000 in girls it was 151.8 1 000 000 . Overall mortality ASR for both gender were 69.3 1 000 000 . Incidence rates and mortality rates were stable in the period . Five year relative survival for all cancers were 63.9 with the highest survival rates for retinobastoma germ cell tumors and lymphomas . It was observed an increase in survival in the period from de 62.8 to 65.0 from 2004 to 2012 . Children and adolescent cancer incidence and mortality rates were higher in Goiania but both are stable overall . The relative survival slighly improved in the period but remained lower mainly for leukemias .,To identify time trends in incidence mortality and 5 year relative survival in children and adolescents with cancer in Goiania Goias Brazil during the years of 19962012 . The relative survival slighly improved in the period but remained lower mainly for leukemias . Incidence rates and mortality rates were stable in the period .11161115,Few studies have evaluated associations between birth defects and risk of pediatric cancers by age of attainment . Therefore we assessed the risk of cancer among children with and without birth defects by age at attainment . We examined cancer risk in children 14 years with and without birth defects born between 1996 and 2011 by linking data from the Arkansas Reproductive Health Monitoring System Arkansas Central Cancer Registry and birth certificates . Age of attainment for cancer was calculated as person years from birth to cancer diagnosis death or end of study period whichever occurred first . Using Cox proportional hazards models we evaluated associations by attained age groups between groups of birth defects and any cancer non chromosomal birth defects by organ system and any cancer and non chromosomal birth defects and subtypes of cancer . In the cohort of 629 086 children 23 341 children had birth defects and 1 037 children had cancer . For children with non chromosomal birth defects specifically cardiovascular and genitourinary highest risk of any cancer was observed in first year of life 18.5 95 confidence interval 10.1 33.8 . For children with chromosomal birth defects increased cancer risk was observed among those 1 4 years old . Overall cancer risk among children with birth defects was highest among those 5 years old . Our findings consistent with previous studies may inform surveillance strategies for children with birth defects .,Therefore we assessed the risk of cancer among children with and without birth defects by age at attainment . For children with non chromosomal birth defects specifically cardiovascular and genitourinary highest risk of any cancer was observed in first year of life 18.5 95 confidence interval 10.1 33.8 . In the cohort of 629 086 children 23 341 children had birth defects and 1 037 children had cancer .11171116,Few studies have assessed the relation between maternal prenatal pesticides use and childhood lymphoma risk some reporting a positive association with non Hodgkin lymphoma . We investigated the association between maternal exposure to pesticides during pregnancy and childhood Hodgkin and non Hodgkin lymphoma . We pooled data from the two French national population based case control studies ESCALE and ESTELLE . Data on domestic and occupational exposures to pesticides during pregnancy were obtained through standardised maternal interviews . Logistic regression models were used to compute odds ratios and 95 confidence intervals for HL and NHL by pesticide category adjusted for potential confounders . Analyses by histological subtypes were also performed . We included 328HL 305 non Hodgkin NHL and 2 415 controls . Around 40 of control mothers reported having used pesticides during index pregnancy of whom 95 reported insecticides use . Maternal use of herbicides and fungicides occurred mostly in combination with insecticides . Insecticides use was more frequently reported in cases than controls OR These results suggest that maternal domestic use of insecticides during pregnancy might be related to both childhood NHL and HL . Further larger studies are urgently needed .,We investigated the association between maternal exposure to pesticides during pregnancy and childhood Hodgkin and non Hodgkin lymphoma . We pooled data from the two French national population based case control studies ESCALE and ESTELLE . Maternal use of herbicides and fungicides occurred mostly in combination with insecticides .11181117,Multimorbidity is associated with a high mortality rate and low health related quality of life . Previous studies have indicated that multimorbidity tends to be associated with not receiving cancer screening although this association remains unclear . This study aimed to investigate the associations between multimorbidity and the delivery of breast cervical and colorectal cancer screening in Japan and to identify subgroups that did not receive cancer screening . This study used cross sectional data from the 2016 Comprehensive Survey of Living Conditions which used a stratified random sample of the general Japanese population . Multivariable logistic regression models were used to evaluate the associations between the number of chronic conditions and each cancers screening proportion . The relevant covariates included age marital status education level occupation and household income . Relative to subjects with no chronic conditions subjects with two chronic conditions received more screening for breast cervical and colorectal cancers 5.42 95 confidence interval 2.8010.5 cervical cancer aOR 4.59 95 CI 2.0310.4 male colorectal cancer aOR 3.26 95 CI 1.298.24 female colorectal cancer aOR 1.05 95 CI 0.392.81 . Low socioeconomic status was associated with not receiving any type of cancer screening consistently . Multimorbidity and high socioeconomic status were associated with higher proportions of screening for breast cervical and colorectal cancers in the Japanese population . More aggressive strategies may be needed to promote screening among Japanese individuals with no chronic conditions and individuals with low socioeconomic status .,Multimorbidity and high socioeconomic status were associated with higher proportions of screening for breast cervical and colorectal cancers in the Japanese population . This study aimed to investigate the associations between multimorbidity and the delivery of breast cervical and colorectal cancer screening in Japan and to identify subgroups that did not receive cancer screening . Multivariable logistic regression models were used to evaluate the associations between the number of chronic conditions and each cancers screening proportion .11191118,Patients with disorders differences of sex development especially those possessing the Y chromosome have a higher risk of gonadal germ cell tumours . We aimed to examine the incidence of different types of gonadal neoplasia and associated risk factors . A total of 1040 DSD patients aged 16 years participated in a cross sectional multicentre European study . Data on medical history were gathered from the patients archival medical documents . A web based questionnaire was filled out individually by the participants . A physical examination was performed in all while ultrasonography of gonads was carried out in 214 and semen analysis was performed for 53 patients . Germ cell neoplasia was present in 12 of patients with DSD and in 14 of those with XY DSD . The highest risk was observed in 46 XY patients with gonadal dysgenesis complete GD and partial GD but also in mixed GD and complete androgen insensitivity syndrome . It was not reported in partial AIS XX male 46 XX DSD and congenital adrenal hyperplasia Turner and Klinefelter syndromes or in androgen biosynthesis defects . Benign sex cord stromal tumours were noted only in patients with complete AIS and Klinefelter syndrome . A relationship between risk factors for GCT and gonadal neoplasia appearance other than the Y chromosome was not found . Adult patients with GD and the Y chromosome have the highest risk of GCT and should be kept under thorough medical control and receive special medical follow up to prevent the development of gonadal tumours .,A relationship between risk factors for GCT and gonadal neoplasia appearance other than the Y chromosome was not found . We aimed to examine the incidence of different types of gonadal neoplasia and associated risk factors . Germ cell neoplasia was present in 12 of patients with DSD and in 14 of those with XY DSD .11201119,To evaluate the performance of low dose computed tomography on lung cancer screening in high risk populations in Sichuan . From April 2014 to July 2018 LDCT was performed annually on 3185 subjects aged 5074 years who had smoked 20 pack years . Information about all deaths and lung cancer diagnoses were obtained by active investigation or passive matching to disease surveillance system . The screening population had a median age of 60 years . 62.4 of which were current smokers and had smoked 30 pack years . After participating in the baseline screening the compliance rates of subjects consecutively completing one round two rounds three rounds and four rounds of annual screening were 67.22 52.84 43.24 and 40.04 respectively . The positive rates in baseline and annual screening were 6.53 and 5.79 respectively . During the 5 rounds a total of 9522 person times were screened by LDCT with a screening sensitivity of 89.13 95 The application of LDCT on lung cancer screening in high risk populations shows favorable compliance and a high screening performance in the project area of Sichuan China .,To evaluate the performance of low dose computed tomography on lung cancer screening in high risk populations in Sichuan . After participating in the baseline screening the compliance rates of subjects consecutively completing one round two rounds three rounds and four rounds of annual screening were 67.22 52.84 43.24 and 40.04 respectively . During the 5 rounds a total of 9522 person times were screened by LDCT with a screening sensitivity of 89.13 95 The application of LDCT on lung cancer screening in high risk populations shows favorable compliance and a high screening performance in the project area of Sichuan China .11211120,This study quantifies geographic inequities in loss of life expectancy by area level socioeconomic status and accessibility to treatment . Analysis was conducted using a population based cancer registry cohort of Queensland residents aged 5089years diagnosed between 19972016 . Flexible parametric survival models were used to estimate LOLE by area level SES and accessibility for all invasive cancers and the five leading cancers . The gain in life years that could be achieved if all cancer patients experienced the same relative survival as those in the least disadvantaged high accessibility category was estimated for the 2016 cohort . For all invasive cancers men living in the most disadvantaged areas lost 34 of life expectancy due to their cancer diagnosis while those from the least disadvantaged areas lost 25 . The corresponding percentages for women were 33 and 23 . Accessibility had a lower impact on LOLE than SES with patients from low accessibility areas losing 04 more life expectancy than those from high accessibility areas . For cancer patients diagnosed in 2016 an estimated 101 387 life years will be lost . This would be reduced by 19 if all patients experienced the same relative survival as those from the least disadvantaged high accessibility areas . The impact of a cancer diagnosis on remaining life expectancy varies by geographical area . Establishing reasons why area disadvantage impacts on life expectancy is crucial to inform subsequent interventions that could increase the life expectancy of cancer patients from more disadvantaged areas .,The impact of a cancer diagnosis on remaining life expectancy varies by geographical area . The corresponding percentages for women were 33 and 23 . Analysis was conducted using a population based cancer registry cohort of Queensland residents aged 5089years diagnosed between 19972016 .11221121,Longitudinal data are limited regarding the impact of a multidisciplinary team approach on patient outcomes among those diagnosed with lung cancer . The purpose of this study is to 1 compare 1 and 3 year recurrence and mortality rates among patients receiving a MDT vs. standard model of care and 2 assess trends in these proportions over a 10 year period . This investigation included 2044 lung cancer cases reported to the Stony Brook Cancer Registry between 2006 and 2015 . Patients were stratified into 2 groups those participating in Stony Brooks Lung Cancer Evaluation Centers MDT Program and those receiving a standard model of care . 1 and 3 year stage stratified recurrence and mortality rates are reported . Logistic regression analyses are performed and linear by linear associations are used to assess trends over time . A higher proportion of patients in the MDT program remained disease free at 1 year compared those receiving standard care . There were no significant changes in mortality over the 10 year observation period in either group however the rates were significantly lower among LCEC vs non LCEC cases after adjusting for possible confounders at 1 year OR 0.50 at 3 years . Recurrence was also lower at 3 years in the MDT group . This study suggests that a comprehensive MDT program for lung cancer yields improved patient outcomes compared to the standard model of care and this approach may help to decrease rates of disease recurrence and mortality .,Longitudinal data are limited regarding the impact of a multidisciplinary team approach on patient outcomes among those diagnosed with lung cancer . A higher proportion of patients in the MDT program remained disease free at 1 year compared those receiving standard care . This investigation included 2044 lung cancer cases reported to the Stony Brook Cancer Registry between 2006 and 2015 .11231122,UK primary care referral guidance describes the signs symptoms and test results of undiagnosed cancer . Guidance revision in 2015 liberalised investigation by introducing more low risk features . We studied adults with cancer whose features were in the 2005 guidance or were introduced in the revision . We compared time to diagnosis between the groups and its trend over 20062017 . Clinical Practice Research Datalink records were analysed for adults with incident myeloma breast bladder colorectal lung oesophageal ovarian pancreatic prostate stomach or uterine cancers in 1 1 200631 12 2017 . Cancer specific features in the year before diagnosis were used to create New NICE and Old NICE groups . Diagnostic interval was time between the index feature and diagnosis . Semiparametric varying coefficient analyses compared diagnostic intervals between New NICE and Old NICE groups over 1 1 200631 12 2017 . Over all cancers median Old NICE diagnostic interval rose over 20062017 from 51 to 64 days with increases in breast lung ovarian prostate and stomach cancers . Median New NICE values were consistently longer than Old NICE values over all cancers . After guidance revision New NICE diagnostic intervals became shorter than Old NICE values for colorectal cancer . Despite improvements for colorectal cancer scope remains to reduce diagnostic intervals for most cancers . Liberalised investigation requires protecting and enhancing cancer diagnostic services to avoid their becoming a rate limiting step in the diagnostic pathway .,UK primary care referral guidance describes the signs symptoms and test results of undiagnosed cancer . Diagnostic interval was time between the index feature and diagnosis . We studied adults with cancer whose features were in the 2005 guidance or were introduced in the revision .11241123,Immune thrombocytopenia is an autoimmune disease treated with immunosuppressive agents thrombopoietin receptor agonists immunomodulation drugs and or splenectomy . Patients with ITP have been found to have increased risk ofhematological malignancies . Studies investigating stomach liver cancer are contradictory and the risk of developing other solid tumors is largely unknown . We aimed at estimating risk of overall and organ specific cancers in patients with primary ITP . The study population was Swedish patients with at least one ITP diagnosis recorded in the National Patient Register and a 1 10 matched comparison cohort from the population . The study period covers 19972016 . The Cancer Register and the Cause of Death Register provided data on malignancies and deaths respectively . Primary ITP was identified using an established algorithm . We used time split Cox models to estimate hazard ratios with 95 confidence intervals adjusted for age sex index year county income education Charlson score and number of in and outpatient contacts . In total 66 134 individuals were included in the study . Patients with ITP had higher risk of gastro intestinal skin lymphoid and hematological cancers . Adjusted HR for cancer was 1.37 with highest risk during the first year but with increased risk remaining for up to 20 years for men . For women the overall risk was increased during the first year HR 2.00 . A significantly increased liver cancer risk was seen up to 9 years after diagnosis . Patients with primary ITP have higher risk of cancer than the population . The observed increased risk does not seem to be solely due to surveillance bias but might be associated with ITP or its treatments . Treating hematologists need to have high index of suspicion for cancer .,The Cancer Register and the Cause of Death Register provided data on malignancies and deaths respectively . Patients with primary ITP have higher risk of cancer than the population . We aimed at estimating risk of overall and organ specific cancers in patients with primary ITP .11251124,While the chemoprevention effect of aspirin is well established the effects of metformin in cancer prevention is still controversial . This study is to investigate the use of aspirin metformin or the combination of both is associated with delayed cancer incidence . This dataset is based on the electronic medical record of public hospitals in Hong Kong . Patients were classified into 1. aspirin user 2. metformin user 3. both aspirin and metformin user and 4. control group with neither aspirin nor metformin used . Aspirin and or metformin must have been taken for over 6 months in the treatment group and cancer incidences was counted at least 6 months after exposure to such medications . The primary outcome of this study was overall incidence of cancer during the follow up period . The secondary outcomes were cancer incidences of specific sites including colon rectum liver oesophagus pancreas stomach lung breast kidney bladder and prostate . Cox proportional hazards regression models were fitted to estimate hazard ratios of cancer risks . Inverse probability of treatment weighting was used to control for the medication effects . A total of 120 971 aspirin users 11 365 metformin users and 6630 aspirin plus metformin users were identified . Compare to the control groups those who used aspirin alone demonstrated a significant reduction in overall cancer risk . Similarly those who used metformin alone also showed an overall reduction in cancer risk . Patients who received both aspirin and metformin showed the most significant reduction in overall cancer risk . Metformin showed a significant reduction in cancer risk of lung oesophagus and bladder . There is a similar decrease in overall cancer rate with the use of aspirin or metformin alone . A more significant reduction in overall cancer risk was found with the use of both agents .,A more significant reduction in overall cancer risk was found with the use of both agents . This dataset is based on the electronic medical record of public hospitals in Hong Kong . The primary outcome of this study was overall incidence of cancer during the follow up period .11261125,Persons with Lynch syndrome have an increased risk of developing colorectal tumors . Adherence to diet quality indices associated with colorectal cancer risk in the general population has not been studied before in LS . Dietary habits of 490 participants with LS from a prospective cohort study was collected using a food frequency questionnaire . The Dutch Healthy Diet index 2015 and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension were used to score food based diet quality . Diet quality scores were divided into tertiles where a higher tertile reflects a higher diet quality . Multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to estimate the association between the DHD15 index DASH score and CRT risk . During a median follow up time of 53.4 months 210 participants developed CRTs . The DHD index and DASH score were not associated with CRT risk hazard ratios for highest vs. lowest tertile were 1.00 0.67 1.48 and 1.11 respectively . No linear trends across the DHD index and DASH score tertiles were observed . In contrast to observations in the general population no evidence for an association between the food based DHD15 index or DASH score and CRT risk was observed in persons with LS . Further studies are needed investigating the association between diet quality and mechanisms leading to the development of LS associated tumors .,Multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to estimate the association between the DHD15 index DASH score and CRT risk . Further studies are needed investigating the association between diet quality and mechanisms leading to the development of LS associated tumors . No linear trends across the DHD index and DASH score tertiles were observed .11271126,Measuring progress against cancer is more accurate when trends in incidence survival and mortality are interpreted simultaneously . Our study aims to analyze how these key metrics have evolved over time in the Azores Portugal . Data for incident cases diagnosed in 19972016 and followed up through December 31 2017 were obtained from the Azores Cancer Registry . Data for cancer deaths that occurred in 19912016 were obtained from Statistics Portugal . To estimate temporal trends we applied a joinpoint model to age adjusted rates . We estimated five year net survival within the framework of relative survival using the Pohar Perme estimator and predicted the number of cases and deaths in 2025 . In men incidence and mortality decreased for stomach larynx and prostate cancer . In women mortality decreased for breast and cervical cancer . Five year relative survival improved for several cancers with the most pronounced improvements for prostate cancer in men and colorectal cancer in women . Conversely incidence and mortality increased for colorectal cancer in men and lung cancer in women . The incidence and mortality burdens are both expected to increase in 2025 . Overall progress against cancer in the Azores has been mixed and much of the progress has been driven by advances in treatment . Statistics for lung cancer in women and colorectal cancer in men are a call to action for policymakers . Reducing tobacco use and tackling the obesity epidemic are the two public health priorities for cancer control within the region .,We estimated five year net survival within the framework of relative survival using the Pohar Perme estimator and predicted the number of cases and deaths in 2025 . Reducing tobacco use and tackling the obesity epidemic are the two public health priorities for cancer control within the region . The incidence and mortality burdens are both expected to increase in 2025 .11281127,Outdoor artificial light at night has been implicated in a growing number of adverse health outcomes . ALAN is believed to disrupt circadian rhythms and has been associated with increased inflammation one of the hallmarks of cancer . We examined the association between outdoor ALAN and a cancer strongly associated with autoimmune and inflammatory conditions non Hodgkin lymphoma in the prospective California Teachers Study cohort . Outdoor ALAN was assigned to participant addresses at study baseline through use of the New World Atlas of Artificial Night Sky Brightness . Among 105 937 women followed from 1995 to 2015 linkage to the California Cancer Registry identified 873 incident cases of NHL . Age stratified Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate hazard ratios and 95 confidence intervals for overall NHL and the most common NHL subtypes diffuse large B cell lymphoma follicular lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia small lymphocytic lymphoma . Multivariate analyses adjusted for previously reported subtype specific covariates for DLBCL . Compared to the lowest quintile participants residing in the highest quintile of outdoor ALAN at baseline were more likely to develop NHL and in particular DLBCL . The elevated risk for DLBCL remained statistically significant after adjusting for age race ethnicity BMI and socioeconomic status . There was no association between ALAN and FL or CLL SLL . DLBCL risk was elevated among women residing in neighborhoods with greater outdoor ALAN . Future research in circadian disruption and DLBCL may clarify potential biological processes implicated in this association .,We examined the association between outdoor ALAN and a cancer strongly associated with autoimmune and inflammatory conditions non Hodgkin lymphoma in the prospective California Teachers Study cohort . Compared to the lowest quintile participants residing in the highest quintile of outdoor ALAN at baseline were more likely to develop NHL and in particular DLBCL . The elevated risk for DLBCL remained statistically significant after adjusting for age race ethnicity BMI and socioeconomic status .11291128,Although there is some evidence of positive associations between both the glycemic index and glycemic load with cancer risk the relationships with lung cancer risk remain largely unexplored . We evaluated the associations between GI and GL with lung cancer . The analyses were performed using data from a population based case control study recruited between 1999 and 2004 in Los Angeles County . Dietary factors were collected from 593 incident lung cancer cases and 1026 controls using a modified food frequency questionnaire . GI and GL were estimated using a food composition table . Adjusted odds ratios and 95 confidence intervals were estimated using unconditional logistic regression adjusting for potential confounders . Dietary GI was positively associated with lung cancer . For histologic subtypes positive associations were observed between GI and adenocarcinoma and small cell carcinoma . No clear association between GL and lung cancer was observed . These findings suggest that high dietary GI was associated with increased lung cancer risk and the positive associations were observed for both lung adenocarcinoma and small cell lung carcinoma . Replication in an independent dataset is merited for a broader interpretation of our results .,Although there is some evidence of positive associations between both the glycemic index and glycemic load with cancer risk the relationships with lung cancer risk remain largely unexplored . We evaluated the associations between GI and GL with lung cancer . The analyses were performed using data from a population based case control study recruited between 1999 and 2004 in Los Angeles County .11301129,Background Evidence suggests that geographic location may independently contribute to ovarian cancer survival . We aimed to investigate how the association between residential location and ovarian cancer specific survival in California varies by race ethnicity and socioeconomic status .,We aimed to investigate how the association between residential location and ovarian cancer specific survival in California varies by race ethnicity and socioeconomic status . Background Evidence suggests that geographic location may independently contribute to ovarian cancer survival .11311130,The effect of inequalities aggravated by economic recessions in the mortality rates of certain diseases has been previously described . In this study we analyzed the relationship between socio economic deprivation and cancer mortality . We focused on lung colon prostate and breast cancers in nine European urban areas over three periods two before and one after the onset of the 2008 financial crisis . This is an ecological study of trends . The units of analysis were small areas within nine European urban areas . We used a composite deprivation index as a socio economic indicator . As a mortality indicator we used the smoothed standardized mortality ratio calculated using the hierarchical Bayesian model proposed by Besag York and Molli . To analyze the evolution of socio economic inequalities we fitted an ecological regression model that included the socio economic indicator the period of time and the interaction between these terms . In men socio economic inequalities in all cancer and lung cancer mortality were observed in most of the cities studied but did not increase after the onset of the economic crisis . In women only two cities showed socio economic inequalities in all cancer and lung cancer mortality there was also no increase in inequalities . Our results did not validate our hypothesis that inequalities increase in times of crisis . However they emphasize the importance of socio economic measurements for understanding mortality inequalities and can be used to inform prevention strategies and help plan local health programs aimed at reducing health inequalities .,In this study we analyzed the relationship between socio economic deprivation and cancer mortality . As a mortality indicator we used the smoothed standardized mortality ratio calculated using the hierarchical Bayesian model proposed by Besag York and Molli . To analyze the evolution of socio economic inequalities we fitted an ecological regression model that included the socio economic indicator the period of time and the interaction between these terms .11321131,In the UK inequalities exist in prostate cancer incidence survival and treatment by area deprivation and rurality . This work aimed to identify variation in patient reported outcomes of men with prostate cancer by area type . A population based survey of men 1842 months after prostate cancer diagnosis measured self assessed health using the EQ 5D and five functional domains using the Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite . Mean SAH was higher for men in least deprived areas compared to most deprived . SAH scores were lower for men in most urban areas compared to most rural . Equivalent estimates in the general population reported a 13 point difference by deprivation and a 4 point difference by rurality . For each EPIC 26 domain functional outcomes were better for men in the least deprived areas with clinically meaningful differences observed for urinary incontinence and hormonal function . There were no clinically meaningful differences in EPIC 26 outcomes by rurality with less than a three point difference in scores for each domain between urban and rural areas . In men 1842 months post diagnosis of prostate cancer in the UK impacts of area deprivation and rurality on self assessed health related quality of life were not greater than would be expected in the general population . However clinically meaningful differences were identified for some prostate functional outcomes by deprivation . No impact by rurality of residence was identified .,In men 1842 months post diagnosis of prostate cancer in the UK impacts of area deprivation and rurality on self assessed health related quality of life were not greater than would be expected in the general population . A population based survey of men 1842 months after prostate cancer diagnosis measured self assessed health using the EQ 5D and five functional domains using the Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite . Equivalent estimates in the general population reported a 13 point difference by deprivation and a 4 point difference by rurality .11331132,Experimental studies have suggested a role for sex hormones in the etiology of colorectal cancer but epidemiological data are inconclusive . We examined the associations of testosterone estradiol and sex hormone binding globulin with risk of CRC in 206 508 men and 219 106 women enrolled in the UK Biobank . Participants were followed for a median of 7.1 years . Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios and 95 confidence intervals for CRC risk . In men in multivariable adjusted models testosterone and SHBG were not associated with CRC . Among men in the highest tertile of physical activity SHBG was inversely associated with risk HR The results of this study did not provide support for associations of sex hormones and SHBG with CRC risk .,Among men in the highest tertile of physical activity SHBG was inversely associated with risk HR The results of this study did not provide support for associations of sex hormones and SHBG with CRC risk . We examined the associations of testosterone estradiol and sex hormone binding globulin with risk of CRC in 206 508 men and 219 106 women enrolled in the UK Biobank . Experimental studies have suggested a role for sex hormones in the etiology of colorectal cancer but epidemiological data are inconclusive .11341133,There is a lack of information about the burden of metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer . The present work aims to estimate the incidence and prevalence of mCRPC in 2014 using the French nationwide healthcare database . Prevalence and incidence were estimated based on an SNDS extraction of men covered by the general healthcare insurance and aged 40 . Patients with mCRPC were identified amongst prostate cancer cases using an algorithm estimating a date of first metastasis management and a date of castration resistance . This algorithm was validated by clinical experts through a blind review of 200 anonymized medical charts from SNDS data . Prevalence and incidence were standardized on the European Standard Population . Prevalence and incidence of mCRPC were estimated as respectively 62 and 21 cases per 100 000 men in 2014 . Less than one mCRPC case per 100 000 was observed in men aged 4049 . Maximum mCRPC incidence was in men aged 8089 . The algorithm used for mCRPC identification had 97 positive and 99 negative predictive values . The good performances of the algorithm for mCRPC identification and the consistency of the generated results with the existing data highlight the robustness of these first estimates of mCRPC prevalence and incidence . Future updates will call for algorithm adjustment as practices evolve over time . These first real life data will serve for future follow up of the impact of changes in the management of prostate cancer .,Prevalence and incidence were estimated based on an SNDS extraction of men covered by the general healthcare insurance and aged 40 . The present work aims to estimate the incidence and prevalence of mCRPC in 2014 using the French nationwide healthcare database . The good performances of the algorithm for mCRPC identification and the consistency of the generated results with the existing data highlight the robustness of these first estimates of mCRPC prevalence and incidence .11351134,p.Gly84Glu is recognized as a rare variant associated with increased risk for prostate cancer risk association for other cancers is uncertain . This HOXB13 variant was originally reported in several 3 generation prostate cancer pedigrees and has been reported to be associated with increased risk for bladder and colorectal cancer and leukemia in GWAS .,p.Gly84Glu is recognized as a rare variant associated with increased risk for prostate cancer risk association for other cancers is uncertain . This HOXB13 variant was originally reported in several 3 generation prostate cancer pedigrees and has been reported to be associated with increased risk for bladder and colorectal cancer and leukemia in GWAS .11361135,Population based studies on the epidemiology of HCC are scarce . We aimed to compare CG with NCG analyze incidence etiology and survival among patients diagnosed in Iceland in a population based cohort . A previous study from Iceland showed an incidence of HCC of 1.1 100.000 mostly with NCG . A nationwide population based retrospective study . Information on patients with HCC during 19982017 was obtained and medical records viewed . Overall 152 patients with HCC were identified . The mean incidence was 1.7 100.000 and increased by 8 annually . Alcohol and hepatitis C combined was more common as a risk factor in CG than in the NCG . Tumor size was larger in NCG and portal vein thrombosis less common . Overall 44 in NCG underwent surgical treatment vs. 23 in CG . The proportion of patients diagnosed by surveillance in 19982007 was 3 and 19 in 20082017 . The disease specific median survival for cirrhotic patients diagnosed by surveillance was 519 days and 86 days in other cirrhotic patients hazard ratio 0.45 . A major increase in the incidence of patients with HCC has occurred . The non cirrhotic HCC presented with larger size tumors lower proportion of portal vein thrombosis and were more likely to be surgical candidates although not affecting prognosis . Diagnosis by surveillance in patients with cirrhosis has increased and the survival of those patients is better compared to others .,The proportion of patients diagnosed by surveillance in 19982007 was 3 and 19 in 20082017 . Population based studies on the epidemiology of HCC are scarce . Alcohol and hepatitis C combined was more common as a risk factor in CG than in the NCG .11371136,Cancer of Unknown Primary is a metastatic disease for which the primary tumour origin could not be identified during life . Few studies have investigated the risk factors associated with this disease . This study investigates anthropometry physical activity and CUP risk . Data is used from the Netherlands Cohort Study which includes 120 852 participants aged 5569 years . All cohort members completed a self administered questionnaire on cancer risk factors at baseline in 1986 . Cancer follow up was established through record linkage to the Netherlands Cancer Registry and the Dutch Pathology Registry . After a follow up of 20.3 years 926 incident CUP cases and 4099 subcohort members were available for case cohort analyses . Proportional hazards models were used to compute multivariable adjusted hazard ratios . We found no associations between height body mass index at baseline BMI at age 20 years change in BMI since age 20 years clothing size or non occupational physical activity and CUP risk . Our findings indicate that neither anthropometry nor physical activity are associated with the development of CUP .,Our findings indicate that neither anthropometry nor physical activity are associated with the development of CUP . Cancer follow up was established through record linkage to the Netherlands Cancer Registry and the Dutch Pathology Registry . This study investigates anthropometry physical activity and CUP risk .11381137,The aim of this study was to compare quality performance of the first colorectal cancer screening campaigns with the OC Sensor Faecal Immunological Test and the Hemoccult guaiac based test . The participation rate of the eligible population screening fecal occult blood test performance indices CRC and adenoma detection rate and time interval between test positivity and colonoscopy were studied . In C7 35.9 of the eligible population completed the screening process versus 47.6 in C1 . The positivity rate was of 4.3 for OC Sensor FIT and 2.3 for Hemoccult test . A total of 3 252 colonoscopies were performed in C7 versus 2 005 in C1 246 CRCs and 1 160 advanced adenomas were detected in C7 compared to 140 CRCs and 491 AA in C1 . The FOBT cancer detection rate increased significantly from 1.4 to 2.9 between the two campaigns as did the FOBT AA detection rate from 5.7 to 13.7 . During C7 the mean time for colonoscopy after a positive FIT result was 84.3 days . There was no significant difference between the stages at diagnosis according to the time for colonoscopy within the first 6 months . CRC and AA detection rates increased significantly between the two campaigns . Longer follow up will be required to show a potential decrease in the incidence of invasive CRCs .,The aim of this study was to compare quality performance of the first colorectal cancer screening campaigns with the OC Sensor Faecal Immunological Test and the Hemoccult guaiac based test . The positivity rate was of 4.3 for OC Sensor FIT and 2.3 for Hemoccult test . The participation rate of the eligible population screening fecal occult blood test performance indices CRC and adenoma detection rate and time interval between test positivity and colonoscopy were studied .11391138,The relationship between deprivation and oral cancer is complex . We examined magnitude and shape of deprivation related inequalities in oral cancer in England 2012 2016 . Oral cancer was indicated by cancers of the lip and oral cavity and lip oral cavity and pharynx and deprivation by the Index of Multiple Deprivation . Deprivation inequality in incidence and mortality rates of oral cancer outcomes was measured using the Relative Index of Inequality . Fractional polynomial regression was used to explore the shape of the relationships between deprivation and oral cancer outcomes . Multivariate regression models were fitted with the appropriate functions to examine the independent effect of deprivation on cancer adjusting for smoking alcohol and ethnicity . Incidence rate ratios and mortality rate ratios were greater for more deprived areas . The RII values indicated significant inequalities for oral cancer outcomes but the magnitude of inequalities were greater for mortality . The relationships between deprivation and oral cancer outcomes were curvilinear . Deprivation Asian ethnicity and alcohol consumption were associated with higher incidence and mortality rates of oral cancer . This is the first study to our knowledge exploring the shape of socioeconomic inequalities in oral cancer at neighbourhood level . Deprivation related inequalities were present for all oral cancer outcomes with a steeper rise at the more deprived end of the deprivation spectrum . Deprivation predicted oral cancer even after accounting for other risk factors .,Fractional polynomial regression was used to explore the shape of the relationships between deprivation and oral cancer outcomes . Multivariate regression models were fitted with the appropriate functions to examine the independent effect of deprivation on cancer adjusting for smoking alcohol and ethnicity . This is the first study to our knowledge exploring the shape of socioeconomic inequalities in oral cancer at neighbourhood level .11401139,The aim of this study was to describe survival of lymphoid neoplasms in the Girona province during 19962015 . Data were extracted from the Girona cancer registry . LN incident cases were registered using the ICD O 3 following the 2008 WHO classification scheme and HAEMACARE grouping . Follow up was available until the 31 12 2015 . Observed and relative survival were estimated with Kaplan Meier and Pohar Perme methods respectively . 4294 LNs diagnosed over a 20 year period were included in the survival analyses . 5 year RS was 62.3 60.464.4 and ranged from 88.5 41.1 according to subtype . Findings were similar between men and women while survival decreased markedly with age . RS for all LNs improved during the first two periods of study being 56.5 in 19962002 64.8 in 20032008 and 65.6 in 20092015 . This pattern was mostly attributed to an improved survival of mature B cell neoplasms yet only statistically significant differences were reported for follicular lymphoma and mantle cell lymphoma subtypes . Our study provides estimates of survival in LNs and its subtypes allowing comparisons between countries . Survival for overall cases improved across the period of study yet rates are still poor for most subtypes evidencing the need of therapeutic research programs .,The aim of this study was to describe survival of lymphoid neoplasms in the Girona province during 19962015 . RS for all LNs improved during the first two periods of study being 56.5 in 19962002 64.8 in 20032008 and 65.6 in 20092015 . LN incident cases were registered using the ICD O 3 following the 2008 WHO classification scheme and HAEMACARE grouping .11411140,BowelScreen The National Bowel Screening Programme in Ireland offers free colorectal screening to persons aged 60 69 through a home Faecal Immunochemical Test kit . 40.2 uptake in the first screening round was below the programme standard . To improve uptake an intervention saw FIT kits sent directly to previously screened clients rather than by the usual invitation process comprising a letter of invitation followed by a FIT kit if requested . The intervention proved successful and was fully implemented into the programme for subsequent clients . Despite the improved uptake it was noted over time that the unsatisfactory FIT rate was approaching the programme standard . The aim of this study is to compare uptake by two invite methods occurring contemporaneously alongside advertising and to compare unsatisfactory rates before and after full FIT Direct implementation . Percentage uptake and 95 confidence intervals were calculated for each invite method before and after advertising and compared using two proportion z tests . Rate ratios and 95 CI compared the unsatisfactory FIT rate before and after full FIT Direct implementation . Uptake was significantly higher amongst FIT Direct compared with Usual Invite clients during and outside advertising . The unsatisfactory FIT rate was 2.3 times higher after full FIT Direct implementation compared with before . The FIT Direct intervention had an overall positive effect on uptake . After adjusting for advertising uptake of FIT was higher outside advertising periods . Monitoring of the unsatisfactory rate is ongoing a communication enhancement strategy may be required should this persist .,The FIT Direct intervention had an overall positive effect on uptake . The unsatisfactory FIT rate was 2.3 times higher after full FIT Direct implementation compared with before . Monitoring of the unsatisfactory rate is ongoing a communication enhancement strategy may be required should this persist .11421141,Pre existing chronic conditions influence the diagnosis and management of cancer . The prevalence of specific morbidities in patients diagnosed with common and rarer cancers is inadequately described . Using data from the English National Cancer Diagnosis Audit 2014 we studied 11 pre existing morbidities recorded as yes no items by participating general practitioners based on information included in primary care records . We examined the number and type of morbidities across socio demographic and cancer site strata and subsequently estimated observed and age sex standardised prevalence of each morbidity by cancer . Over three quarters of non screen detected patients had at least one chronic condition before diagnosis while nearly half had two or more . Hypertension and physical disability were the most and least common conditions . Male older and more socio economically deprived patients were more likely to have at least one morbidity . For most morbidities the standardised prevalence was similar across different cancers with a few exceptions including respiratory disease prevalence being greatest among lung cancer patients and diabetes prevalence being greatest among liver pancreatic and endometrial cancer patients . Most cancer patients have at least one morbidity while almost one in two have two or more . The findings highlight the need to take certain morbidity and cancer site combinations into account when examining associations between morbidity and cancer outcomes .,Pre existing chronic conditions influence the diagnosis and management of cancer . The prevalence of specific morbidities in patients diagnosed with common and rarer cancers is inadequately described . We examined the number and type of morbidities across socio demographic and cancer site strata and subsequently estimated observed and age sex standardised prevalence of each morbidity by cancer .11431142,The Lauren classification of gastric adenocarcinoma describes three histological subtypes the intestinal the diffuse and the mixed type carcinoma . The metastatic pattern of gastric adenocarcinoma by histological subtype has not been studied . Gastric adenocarcinoma patients with metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis between 1999 and 2017 were identified through the Netherlands Cancer Registry . The Lauren classification was determined based on pathology reports archived in the Dutch Pathology Registry and was linked to individual cases in the Netherlands Cancer Registry . Among 8 231 newly diagnosed metastatic and evaluable gastric adenocarcinoma patients 57 had an intestinal type carcinoma 38 patients had a diffuse type carcinoma and 5 had a mixed type carcinoma . Intestinal type carcinomas more often metastasized to the liver and lungs whereas diffuse type carcinomas more often metastasized to the peritoneum and bones . Patients with a diffuse type carcinoma had a worse survival perspective regardless of the number or the location of the metastases . In this national cohort study metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma of the intestinal type had a predilection for the liver and that of the diffuse type for the peritoneum .,In this national cohort study metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma of the intestinal type had a predilection for the liver and that of the diffuse type for the peritoneum . The Lauren classification of gastric adenocarcinoma describes three histological subtypes the intestinal the diffuse and the mixed type carcinoma . The Lauren classification was determined based on pathology reports archived in the Dutch Pathology Registry and was linked to individual cases in the Netherlands Cancer Registry .11441143,Previous studies have reported inconsistent results regarding the effect of epidermal growth factor receptor The study used a population based cohort of 1534 non squamous NSCLC patients diagnosed in northern New Zealand between 1st February 2010 and 31st July 2017 . Cox regression survival analyses were used to explore the associations between clinicopathological factors and overall survival by In this cohort 20 had an mutation status and metastasis are the main predictors for overall survival in non squamous NSCLC patients . The effects of sex ethnicity and tumour site vary depending on,The effects of sex ethnicity and tumour site vary depending on Cox regression survival analyses were used to explore the associations between clinicopathological factors and overall survival by In this cohort 20 had an mutation status and metastasis are the main predictors for overall survival in non squamous NSCLC patients . Previous studies have reported inconsistent results regarding the effect of epidermal growth factor receptor The study used a population based cohort of 1534 non squamous NSCLC patients diagnosed in northern New Zealand between 1st February 2010 and 31st July 2017 .11451144,The knowledge of cancer burden in the population its time trends and the possibility of international comparison is an important starting point for cancer control programmes . Our study aimed to evaluate trends in childhood cancer epidemiology of patients aged 014 years in the period 19942016 in the Czech Republic . Data on childhood cancers have been obtained from the Czech National Cancer Registry . These data were validated using the clinical database of childhood cancer patients and combined with data from death certificates . Incidence and mortality trends were assessed by the joinpoint regression method . The life tables method was used to calculate the overall age standardised five year survival . The incidence trend was stable the age standardised cancer incidence ASR was 173.7 per 1 million children in the period 19942016 . However there was apparent significant decrease in mortality ASR dropped from 58.1 per 1 million children in 1994 to 21.4 per 1 million children in 2016 . The overall five year survival increased over time by 10 . Statistically significant improvements in survival were observed in patients with lymphoid leukaemia astrocytomas neuroblastomas osteosarcomas and rhabdomyosarcomas . Such a relevant increase in survival rates and therefore also a decrease in mortality rates in the Czech Republic is most likely due to improvements in diagnostic and treatment methods since the 1990s which were facilitated by the concentration of childhood cancer patients in childrens cancer centres .,The life tables method was used to calculate the overall age standardised five year survival . Incidence and mortality trends were assessed by the joinpoint regression method . Our study aimed to evaluate trends in childhood cancer epidemiology of patients aged 014 years in the period 19942016 in the Czech Republic .11461145,Cervical cancer incidence and mortality have declined in Australia since the implementation of a national cervical screening program in 1991 however disparities in both measures between Indigenous and non Indigenous women remain . We describe spatial and temporal changes in Pap test participation rates by Indigenous status for Queensland . Analyses were done in the context of renewed screening program in December 2017 . Population based study 2 132 925 Queensland female residents aged 2069 years who underwent cervical screening from 2008 to December 2017 47 136 were identified as Indigenous through linkage to hospital records . Bayesian spatial models were used to generate smoothed estimates of participation across 528 small areas during 20082012 and 20132017 compared to the overall state average . Results are presented as thematic maps and graphs showing the associated uncertainty of the estimates . Overall screening participation decreased over time for both Indigenous and non Indigenous women . Strong spatial patterns were evident in five year participation for both groups . Indigenous women had significantly lower participation than the Queensland average for 88 of areas during both reporting periods whereas corresponding estimates were lower than average for 30 of areas among non Indigenous women . Disparities by Indigenous status persisted over time and remained across broader geographical groups of accessibility and area disadvantage . Cervical cancer burden in Australia can only be reduced through concentrated efforts on identifying and addressing key drivers of the continuing disparities in screening participation . Achieving equitable screening participation for all women especially Indigenous women requires community engagement and localised interventions .,Results are presented as thematic maps and graphs showing the associated uncertainty of the estimates . Analyses were done in the context of renewed screening program in December 2017 . Cervical cancer burden in Australia can only be reduced through concentrated efforts on identifying and addressing key drivers of the continuing disparities in screening participation .11471146,Brazil has high rates of caesarean sections which has been suggested as a risk factor for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia . In addition some pre and postnatal conditions have been identified as relevant in the etiology of ALL . Investigate the association of caesarean sections pre and postnatal conditions with childhood ALL in the State of So Paulo . Population based case control study including children that are below10 years old . Information on study variables was obtained through face to face interviews through a questionnaire and the State of So Paulo Declarations of Live Births database . The conditional and unconditional logistic regression approaches were used to calculate the odds ratio of the associations between caesarean sections pre and postnatal conditions with ALL and 95 confidence intervals . We observed a weak and non statistically significant risk for ALL among children exposed to caesarean sections but among children under 3 years old and born through a caesarean sections the risk of ALL was greater . A negative association for ALL was observed among children with mothers who reported 12 years of schooling or more . We found a tenuous suggestive association between caesarean sections and childhood ALL . The mother s high level of education showed an inverse association with ALL .,Investigate the association of caesarean sections pre and postnatal conditions with childhood ALL in the State of So Paulo . The conditional and unconditional logistic regression approaches were used to calculate the odds ratio of the associations between caesarean sections pre and postnatal conditions with ALL and 95 confidence intervals . Information on study variables was obtained through face to face interviews through a questionnaire and the State of So Paulo Declarations of Live Births database .11481147,Incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease has increased substantially in developed countries during the past decades . We aimed to analyze trends in incidence of esophageal cancer by histological subtypes and trends in acid suppressing drugs prescription in the Czech Republic . The incidence of EC by histological subtypes sex and stage from 19842017 was examined using data from the Czech National Cancer Registry . Defined daily doses of acid inhibiting drugs were analyzed from annual reports by the State Institute for Drug Control . Age standardized incidence of EAC in men increased annually by 4.88 with 95 confidence interval from 1984 to 2017 and by 5.11 in women . Squamous cell carcinoma increased annually by 5.52 from 1984 to 1994 with subsequent slower increase by 0.87 from 1994 to 2017 . It still represents 50 of all EC in 2017 . The comparable early stages of EAC showed similar annual percentage change of 5.77 . From 2001 to 2018 the use of proton pump inhibitors increased dramatically from 6.8 to 72.9 defined daily doses per 1000 inhabitants . The incidence of EAC is still increasing in the Czech Republic however it represents less than half of ECs . The incidence of squamous cell carcinoma is relatively stable . Broad use of acid suppressing drugs did not seem to impact the incidence of EAC even in early stages .,The comparable early stages of EAC showed similar annual percentage change of 5.77 . The incidence of squamous cell carcinoma is relatively stable . The incidence of EC by histological subtypes sex and stage from 19842017 was examined using data from the Czech National Cancer Registry .11491148,Citrus by products are rich in flavanone aglycons which have lower bioactivity than aglycone forms . Based on this the study evaluated the effects of enzyme biotransformation on antioxidant and vasorelaxant capacity of polyphenolic rich extracts from citrus waste . Enzymatic treatment produced extracts with high hesperetin concentrations and higher antioxidant capacity than non treated extracts . At the highest concentration tested 3mgmL,Based on this the study evaluated the effects of enzyme biotransformation on antioxidant and vasorelaxant capacity of polyphenolic rich extracts from citrus waste . At the highest concentration tested 3mgmL Enzymatic treatment produced extracts with high hesperetin concentrations and higher antioxidant capacity than non treated extracts .11501149,Drought and heat events frequency and severity are expected to increase in the near future as responses to global warming influencing crops productivity and human diet as result in the increasing soil aridity and area affected by drought . It is becoming increasingly important to find new crop plants or genotypes of crops that have adaptation strategies to water loss at extreme arid conditions . It was hypothesized that growth and development of plants are affected differently by drought stress depending on their nature habitats whether desert or riverain . In this current research we compared the changes in physiological behavior between desert and riverain legume plants as response to drought stress at two levels of water regimes . Rates of transpiration were highly correlated to radiation . Transpiration increases with the increase in photosynthetic active radiation at both levels of water regimes . Highest photosynthesis and transpiration were achieved in,Transpiration increases with the increase in photosynthetic active radiation at both levels of water regimes . In this current research we compared the changes in physiological behavior between desert and riverain legume plants as response to drought stress at two levels of water regimes . Rates of transpiration were highly correlated to radiation .11511150,The low level of nutrients in acid sulfate soils presents a serious obstacle to plant growth . This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms that acid resistant purple nonsulfur bacteria use to resist acidic stress,The low level of nutrients in acid sulfate soils presents a serious obstacle to plant growth . This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms that acid resistant purple nonsulfur bacteria use to resist acidic stress11521151,This study evaluated three biogas systems i biodigester 1 without agitation system and fed with swine manure plus 1 crushed placenta ii biodigester 2 without agitation system and fed only with swine manure iii biodigester 3 with automated agitation system and fed only with swine manure . The biogas and methane production were determined by the biochemical potential of methane during one month of operation . The addition of 1 of swine placenta increased by 20 the production of biogas and methane . Agitation was fundamental to increase by 20 of the biogas produced in biodigester 3 which was fed only with swine waste . The results show the biogas production potential under different conditions to be adopted according to each swine production unit has been an interesting method of final disposal of remains of the production in swine maternities on circular economy approach .,The addition of 1 of swine placenta increased by 20 the production of biogas and methane . Agitation was fundamental to increase by 20 of the biogas produced in biodigester 3 which was fed only with swine waste . The biogas and methane production were determined by the biochemical potential of methane during one month of operation .11531152,Vitamin B12 contributes many substantial metabolic cycles in the living organisms . Since human beings can not produce such co factor by their metabolism they have to receive this vitamin from foods and supplements . Dimethylbenzimidazole distinguishes the active form of vitamin B12 from pseudo vitamin B12 . De Novo total biosynthesis of vitamin B12 in the bacteria should include DMBI biosynthesis through riboflavin pathway .,De Novo total biosynthesis of vitamin B12 in the bacteria should include DMBI biosynthesis through riboflavin pathway . Dimethylbenzimidazole distinguishes the active form of vitamin B12 from pseudo vitamin B12 . Vitamin B12 contributes many substantial metabolic cycles in the living organisms .11541153,One of the issues in the Middle East is that tons of date palm fruit waste are discarded by the date processing industries daily . Open burning to dispose agricultural residues can create environmental problems . To mitigate this issue it is desirable to evaluate the potentials of the date palm wastes such as date seeds to be converted into value added products . Date seeds were found to contain 27.34 lignin 20.63 cellulose and 13.49 hemicellulose which can be hydrolysed into fermentable sugars . In this project acid hydrolysis at 70C coupled with enzymatic hydrolysis proved to be able to deteriorate the lignin and cellulose in date seeds based on the physical changes observed with FESEM . Response surface methodology was used to determine the optimum condition 120 FPU g of cellulase for 6h at 45C . Under this condition the maximum concentration of reducing sugars obtained from enzymatic hydrolysis is 31g L making a total of 0.3g g of fermentable sugar obtained when combined with acid hydrolysis equivalent to 81 from the theoretical value . Validation of the model indicated that there was no variance between the predicted and observed values . This is the first work done on optimization of dates seeds into fermentable sugar under mild conditions .,Validation of the model indicated that there was no variance between the predicted and observed values . Response surface methodology was used to determine the optimum condition 120 FPU g of cellulase for 6h at 45C . This is the first work done on optimization of dates seeds into fermentable sugar under mild conditions .11551154,The research of new natural compounds known as biomolecules increasingly demonstrates the importance of the correlation between ethnopharmacological use and the scientific evidence of its therapeutic efficacy . In this study we investigated the main structural constituents of the plant and analyzed the phytochemical profile antioxidant activity antimicrobial and immunostimulatory effects on Balb c mice splenocytes promoted by the aqueous extract obtained from leaves of,In this study we investigated the main structural constituents of the plant and analyzed the phytochemical profile antioxidant activity antimicrobial and immunostimulatory effects on Balb c mice splenocytes promoted by the aqueous extract obtained from leaves of The research of new natural compounds known as biomolecules increasingly demonstrates the importance of the correlation between ethnopharmacological use and the scientific evidence of its therapeutic efficacy .11561155,This comparative study provides a useful protocol for the separation and partial purification of collagenolytic proteases obtained from peacock bass by using precipitation and partitioning . In the precipitation process 30 acetone,This comparative study provides a useful protocol for the separation and partial purification of collagenolytic proteases obtained from peacock bass by using precipitation and partitioning . In the precipitation process 30 acetone11571156,One of the important aspects of salt tolerance is the regulatory roles of some plant growth regulators . The objective of this work was to evaluate the capability of salicylic acid and 24 epi brassinolide to induce salt tolerance in black mustard,The objective of this work was to evaluate the capability of salicylic acid and 24 epi brassinolide to induce salt tolerance in black mustard One of the important aspects of salt tolerance is the regulatory roles of some plant growth regulators .11581157,Abiotic stresses are increasing globally at an alarming rate . On the contrary demand for food is ever increasing with the rise in population and salts stress has been the major one reported to affect photosynthetic machinery and thereby reduce growth and yield . Halo tolerant plant growth promoting rhizobacteria that have ability to work under salt stress and promote plant growth along with enhanced synthesis of secondary metabolites including phytohormones and volatile compounds is being widely studied . The present work describes isolation characterization and identification of IAA producing halotolerant PGPR from,The present work describes isolation characterization and identification of IAA producing halotolerant PGPR from On the contrary demand for food is ever increasing with the rise in population and salts stress has been the major one reported to affect photosynthetic machinery and thereby reduce growth and yield . Abiotic stresses are increasing globally at an alarming rate .11591158,Bioflocculant is an extracellular biopolymer substance secreted naturally by microorganisms during their growth . It has piqued the interest of many researchers due to its biodegradability nontoxic properties and potential as a substitute for conventional flocculant where its usage may lead to environmental and health issues . In the present study,In the present study Bioflocculant is an extracellular biopolymer substance secreted naturally by microorganisms during their growth . It has piqued the interest of many researchers due to its biodegradability nontoxic properties and potential as a substitute for conventional flocculant where its usage may lead to environmental and health issues .11601159,In this study response surface methodology was employed for the optimization of bioprocess parameters for enhanced extracellular protease production by a native,In this study response surface methodology was employed for the optimization of bioprocess parameters for enhanced extracellular protease production by a native11611160,The sulphide present in the Up flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor treating sulphate rich post tanning wastewater was treated further using Sulfide Quinone oxidoreductase immobilized Carbon Silica Matrix and Functionalized Carbon Silica Matrix packed bed reactors . The production of SQR from,The production of SQR from The sulphide present in the Up flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor treating sulphate rich post tanning wastewater was treated further using Sulfide Quinone oxidoreductase immobilized Carbon Silica Matrix and Functionalized Carbon Silica Matrix packed bed reactors .11621161,L. is an endangered valuable medicinal tree species . Direct shoot regeneration was initiated from cotyledonary node and axillary nodal explants of,Direct shoot regeneration was initiated from cotyledonary node and axillary nodal explants of L. is an endangered valuable medicinal tree species .11631162,In this study aqueous and ethanol extracts of Iranian produced green tea black tea and roselle calyces were considered for measurements with respect to their total phenol content total flavonoids content total tannin content total anthocyanins content and 2 2 diphenyl 1 picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity . In addition the concentrations of copper iron and zinc were quantified . High performance liquid chromatography analysis protocols were optimized for the quantification of 17 phenolic acids and flavonoids compounds . The highest TPC and TFC were observed in the ethanol extract of green tea . The aqueous extract of green tea showed the maximum TTC . The highest TAC was obtained in the aqueous and ethanol extracts of roselle calyces . HPLC analysis of the methanolic extract showed the presence of caffeic acid quercetin hesperidin and hesperetin in all of the studied samples . The minerals were present at concentrations well below the acceptable daily consumption level recommended by health limitation guidelines .,The highest TAC was obtained in the aqueous and ethanol extracts of roselle calyces . In addition the concentrations of copper iron and zinc were quantified . The highest TPC and TFC were observed in the ethanol extract of green tea .11641163,Hydrophobins are small surface active cysteine rich proteins produced by filamentous fungi . They are able to assemble spontaneously into amphipathic monolayers at hydrophobic hydrophilic interfaces . They have a specific property of producing stable foam . Hydrophobins isolated from edible mushrooms like,Hydrophobins are small surface active cysteine rich proteins produced by filamentous fungi . They have a specific property of producing stable foam . Hydrophobins isolated from edible mushrooms like11651164,Nowadays the use of chemical insecticides has led to development of resistance in insects and causing harmful effect to non target organisms and environment . Plant mediated biopesticides are an alternative source for the management of insect pests . Present study focuses on lethal and sublethal effects of,Nowadays the use of chemical insecticides has led to development of resistance in insects and causing harmful effect to non target organisms and environment . Plant mediated biopesticides are an alternative source for the management of insect pests . Present study focuses on lethal and sublethal effects of11661165,Harvesting and extracting lipids from the microalgal biomass are the most expensive processes in biodiesel production . This study focuses on reducing the lipid extraction cost using ozone rich microbubbles technique . The lipid extraction of,The lipid extraction of This study focuses on reducing the lipid extraction cost using ozone rich microbubbles technique . Harvesting and extracting lipids from the microalgal biomass are the most expensive processes in biodiesel production .11671166,An engineered fructofuranosidase GAPfopA V1 was compared to the native enzyme GAPfopA to produce short chain fructooligosaccharides from white and brown sugar and refinery and A molasses . The minimum reaction temperature and enzyme dosage required to produce scFOS with a composition similar to that of a commercial prebiotic product consisting of oligomers with 24 fructose moieties were determined using response surface methodology . At 62C and 10 U g sucrose the GAPfopA V1 resulted in a 28 and 25 decrease in reaction time required to reach the target scFOS composition in comparison to the native enzyme using white and brown sugar as substrate respectively . Whereas the target scFOS composition could not be reached using refinery molasses this composition was reached with A molasses using both enzymes where GAPfopA had a 6 shorter reaction time than GAPfopA V1 .,The minimum reaction temperature and enzyme dosage required to produce scFOS with a composition similar to that of a commercial prebiotic product consisting of oligomers with 24 fructose moieties were determined using response surface methodology . An engineered fructofuranosidase GAPfopA V1 was compared to the native enzyme GAPfopA to produce short chain fructooligosaccharides from white and brown sugar and refinery and A molasses . At 62C and 10 U g sucrose the GAPfopA V1 resulted in a 28 and 25 decrease in reaction time required to reach the target scFOS composition in comparison to the native enzyme using white and brown sugar as substrate respectively .11681167,Microalgae are known as the potential feedstock for production of bio based fuels due to their high lipid contents . Residual microalgae biomass after conversion of lipids into biodiesel can be converted into bio oils in order to achieve complete exploitation of microalgae biomass in a microalgae biorefinery . Hydrothermal liquefaction is a promising way for converting high moisture biomass waste into high energy crude oil . Therefore this study intended to produce biooil from residual biomass of microalgae,Therefore this study intended to produce biooil from residual biomass of microalgae Residual microalgae biomass after conversion of lipids into biodiesel can be converted into bio oils in order to achieve complete exploitation of microalgae biomass in a microalgae biorefinery . Microalgae are known as the potential feedstock for production of bio based fuels due to their high lipid contents .11691168,Increasing the yield performance of marketable horticulture crops and products using sustainable approaches has been the emergence of the 21st century . In this study optimization of PGPR consortia and silicon fertilizer for enhanced growth and crop yield of French bean,In this study optimization of PGPR consortia and silicon fertilizer for enhanced growth and crop yield of French bean Increasing the yield performance of marketable horticulture crops and products using sustainable approaches has been the emergence of the 21st century .11701169,The effect of PEG induced osmotic stress was studied in twelve diverse indigenous finger millet genotypes under various levels . With the increasing PEG concentration germination percentage shoot length root length and biomass production decreased in all the genotypes . Among all the genotypes evaluated reduction in germination percentage seedling growth and biomass production was more in FM RT 01 and less in FM ST 01 . Principal component analysis resulted in the formation of three distinct clusters stress sensitive stress tolerant and moderately tolerant sensitive . Based on the germination percentage and growth parameters FM RT 01 was considered as PEG induced osmotic stress sensitive and FM ST 01 as stress tolerant genotype . PEG induced stress increases membrane damage and osmolyte accumulation in both the genotypes . Damage to the membrane was found more in the stress sensitive genotype compared to stress tolerant . The magnitude of increase in osmolyte accumulation was more in FM ST 01 than FM RT 01 . Antioxidative enzyme activities significantly increased with increasing PEG 6000 concentration up to 15 PEG but decreased at higher concentrations in both the genotypes . Our findings suggests genotype FM ST 01 genotype can be exploited for different crop improvement programs .,The effect of PEG induced osmotic stress was studied in twelve diverse indigenous finger millet genotypes under various levels . Damage to the membrane was found more in the stress sensitive genotype compared to stress tolerant . PEG induced stress increases membrane damage and osmolyte accumulation in both the genotypes .11711170,The cornerstone of nanoscience and nanotechnology are nanoparticles which have immense power and functional ability in diverse fields . Nanoparticles are synthesized by physical chemical methos but limitations are due to its toxicity . We have discussed few green synthesis routes which are eco friendly and less toxic methods including alage microorganisms plants etc .. Expoiting the potential of medicinal plants is one of the green synthesis routes and is significant because the current therapeutic approaches have toxicity problems and microbial multidrug resistance issues . As the metal nanoparticles have received great attention across the globe so in this study we have discussed and focused many different metallic nanoparticles obtained by green synthesis using medicinal plants . We have also discussed the types size and medicinal properties like antibacterial antifungal anticancer antiviral activities of nanoparticles . The biomolecules secondary metabolites and coenzymes present in the plants help in easy reduction of metal ions to nanoparticles . Such nanoparticles are considered as potential antioxidants and promising candidates in cancer treatment . The simplified model summarises the green synthesis its characterization using physicochemical means and their biomedical applications . Succinctly we have discussed the recent advances in green synthesis of metallic nanoparticles milestones therapeutic applications and future perspectives of biosynthesized nanoparticles from some important medicinal plants .,We have also discussed the types size and medicinal properties like antibacterial antifungal anticancer antiviral activities of nanoparticles . The biomolecules secondary metabolites and coenzymes present in the plants help in easy reduction of metal ions to nanoparticles . The simplified model summarises the green synthesis its characterization using physicochemical means and their biomedical applications .11721171,In the present study genetic diversity among 48 muskmelon accessions was analyzed employing various morphological traits under well watered and water deficit condition and SSR markers . Maximum values for horticultural traits were 44cm for fruit polar circumference 33.2cm for fruit equatorial circumference 21 for number of fruits 41.5 for days to first male flowering 44 for days to 50 male flowering 44 days to first female flowering 45 days to 50 female flowering and 5.66 for number of shoot branching under well watered condition . While under water deficit condition maximum values of same parameters were 28.8cm 26cm 18 37.2 39 47 46.2 and 4.4 respectively . Based on morphological traits genotypes were clustered in three major clusters under well watered condition while grouped in five major clusters under water deficit condition . Out of the 52 SSR markers 35 produced polymorphic patterns a total of 125 amplification products were obtained the mean number of alleles per locus was 3.57 and the size of amplified products ranged from 120 bp to 605 bp . The average PIC value was estimated to be 0.492 . Jaccard similarity coefficients calculated from SSR data varied from 0.03 to 0.89 with a mean value of 0.46 . The clustering pattern of muskmelon accessions based on SSR markers was random but not in consonance with the groupings based on quantitative traits under well watered and water deficit condition . High genetic variability was observed based on various morphological traits under both well watered and water deficit condition and SSR markers indicating genetically diverse accessions .,The clustering pattern of muskmelon accessions based on SSR markers was random but not in consonance with the groupings based on quantitative traits under well watered and water deficit condition . Out of the 52 SSR markers 35 produced polymorphic patterns a total of 125 amplification products were obtained the mean number of alleles per locus was 3.57 and the size of amplified products ranged from 120 bp to 605 bp . The average PIC value was estimated to be 0.492 .11731172,In aquaculture farming iron deficiency in fish causes anemia and also causes improper growth . Biologically synthesized nanoparticles are widely used in micro nutrient delivery in aquaculture as they are eco friendly and non toxic to the environment . Iron oxide nanoparticles can be the alternative supplement to overcome iron deficiency . Therefore the primary aim of this study was to determine the effect of,Therefore the primary aim of this study was to determine the effect of Biologically synthesized nanoparticles are widely used in micro nutrient delivery in aquaculture as they are eco friendly and non toxic to the environment . Iron oxide nanoparticles can be the alternative supplement to overcome iron deficiency .11741173,Palm oil mill effluent the liquid discharge of palm oil milling process is rich in organic carbon nitrogen and minerals . Over the years dark fermentation has been chosen to treat POME and to generate biohydrogen . This study was conducted to further improve this process by evaluating the effect of the nitrogen to carbon ratio and concentration of ferric ion Fe,This study was conducted to further improve this process by evaluating the effect of the nitrogen to carbon ratio and concentration of ferric ion Fe Palm oil mill effluent the liquid discharge of palm oil milling process is rich in organic carbon nitrogen and minerals . Over the years dark fermentation has been chosen to treat POME and to generate biohydrogen .11751174,Coffee peel waste contains fibers including xylan a polymer that constitutes hemicelluloses . Xylan can be extracted from coffee peel and used for xylooligosaccharide production . XOS is an oligomer that has the potentials as a prebiotic . XOS production could be carried out by enzymatic hydrolysis using endo,XOS is an oligomer that has the potentials as a prebiotic . XOS production could be carried out by enzymatic hydrolysis using endo Xylan can be extracted from coffee peel and used for xylooligosaccharide production .11761175,Organisms living in an extremely cold environment utilize antifreeze proteins to inhibit ice formation and maintain their biochemical processes . AFPs are produced across various kingdoms including plants microorganisms and insects . In the present study several short peptides were designed based on the ice binding site of AFP found in a longhorn beetle,In the present study several short peptides were designed based on the ice binding site of AFP found in a longhorn beetle Organisms living in an extremely cold environment utilize antifreeze proteins to inhibit ice formation and maintain their biochemical processes . AFPs are produced across various kingdoms including plants microorganisms and insects .11771176,Biofilms in the environment can both detrimental and beneficial effects . On the other hand biofilms can be useful for wastewater treatment bioremediation and removal of toxic pollutants . Furthermore biofilms can be used for the productions of value added products such as biofuels polysaccharides antibiotics organic acids vitamins and enzymes . To establish biofilms in the reactors solid support materials made of inorganic compounds and various agricultural by products . For these several types biofilm reactors have been utilized such as stirred tank biofilm reactor fluidized bed biofilm reactor fixed packed bed biofilm reactor rotary disc biofilm reactor rotating biological contactor membrane biofilm reactor moving bed biofilm reactor and trickling filter biofilm reactor . The benefits of BRs increase product yield provide logarithmic phase growth reduce lag phase and fermentation time for repeated fermentations increase biomass population provide resistance toward toxic compounds and improve product recovery . This review paper will summarize the literature for biofilm formation and structure BR types biofilm support materials and various VAPs produced by using BRs .,This review paper will summarize the literature for biofilm formation and structure BR types biofilm support materials and various VAPs produced by using BRs . On the other hand biofilms can be useful for wastewater treatment bioremediation and removal of toxic pollutants . Biofilms in the environment can both detrimental and beneficial effects .11781177,Fibrinolytic proteases are enzymes that provide a promising alternative to drugs for thrombolytic therapy since they degrade fibrin the major component of blood clots . Aqueous two phase systems using polyethylene glycol 8000 and sodium phosphate were used to select optimal conditions for extracting a cysteine protease with fibrinolytic and fibrinogenolytic activity from the legume,Fibrinolytic proteases are enzymes that provide a promising alternative to drugs for thrombolytic therapy since they degrade fibrin the major component of blood clots . Aqueous two phase systems using polyethylene glycol 8000 and sodium phosphate were used to select optimal conditions for extracting a cysteine protease with fibrinolytic and fibrinogenolytic activity from the legume11791178,The capacity for exopolysaccharide biosynthesis of a bacterial consortium culture was investigated . To obtain maximal EPS recovery pH carbon and nitrogen sources and inorganic ions were optimized . At pH 8 the flocculation index percentage was 62.6 viscosity was 1.380.015gm,The capacity for exopolysaccharide biosynthesis of a bacterial consortium culture was investigated . At pH 8 the flocculation index percentage was 62.6 viscosity was 1.380.015gm To obtain maximal EPS recovery pH carbon and nitrogen sources and inorganic ions were optimized .11801179,Treatment of wastewater with purple nonsulfur bacteria simultaneously produces the biomass of plant growth promoting bacteria and the effluent containing plant growth promoting substances . Among 46 PNSB strains isolated from chicken slaughterhouse wastewater treatment unit only four strains grew well in non sterile effluent of the anaerobic digester under both microaerobic light and aerobic dark conditions . However only strains WS308 and WS502 were selected as inoculants for subsequent experiments since they released high levels of 5 aminolevulinic acid into the digester effluent medium under both incubating conditions . Based on 16S rRNA genes analysis the strains WS308 and WS502 were identified as,Treatment of wastewater with purple nonsulfur bacteria simultaneously produces the biomass of plant growth promoting bacteria and the effluent containing plant growth promoting substances . Based on 16S rRNA genes analysis the strains WS308 and WS502 were identified as Among 46 PNSB strains isolated from chicken slaughterhouse wastewater treatment unit only four strains grew well in non sterile effluent of the anaerobic digester under both microaerobic light and aerobic dark conditions .11811180,is a large tannase producing genus able to provide enzymes which hydrolyse condensed tannins in waste coir residues . In this work a tannase acyl hydrolase obtained from,In this work a tannase acyl hydrolase obtained from is a large tannase producing genus able to provide enzymes which hydrolyse condensed tannins in waste coir residues .11821181,Curcumin is a compound with multiple health benefits and limited use because of its low bioavailability . The latter can be significantly improved by means of encapsulation in form of nanoemulsions which are systems that offer the possibility of incorporating bioactive compounds such as conjugated linoleic acid and n 3 fatty acids . In this study the oral bioavailability of NE and curcumin carrying emulsions were evaluated in an,In this study the oral bioavailability of NE and curcumin carrying emulsions were evaluated in an The latter can be significantly improved by means of encapsulation in form of nanoemulsions which are systems that offer the possibility of incorporating bioactive compounds such as conjugated linoleic acid and n 3 fatty acids . Curcumin is a compound with multiple health benefits and limited use because of its low bioavailability .11831182,High contents of cellulose and hemicellulose of corncob waste makes it suitable as a raw material for sugar saccharification that can be used as sugar source for bioethanol fermentation . However the presence of lignin inhibits the complete sugar conversion necessitating pretreatment of the corncob material . Therefore our study aimed to introduce a new pretreatment method for corncob to minimize lignin contents hydrolyze it using an enzyme cocktail and ferment it to bioethanol . Firstly we studied pretreatment of corncob powder to minimize lignin interference using various reagents like 2 H,However the presence of lignin inhibits the complete sugar conversion necessitating pretreatment of the corncob material . Firstly we studied pretreatment of corncob powder to minimize lignin interference using various reagents like 2 H Therefore our study aimed to introduce a new pretreatment method for corncob to minimize lignin contents hydrolyze it using an enzyme cocktail and ferment it to bioethanol .11841183,Structured triacylglycerides rich in linolenic acid were prepared using a three step process . First with the addition of molecular sieves at different addition times and loads the enrichment of GLA from evening primrose oil and 1 butanol was improved via,First with the addition of molecular sieves at different addition times and loads the enrichment of GLA from evening primrose oil and 1 butanol was improved via Structured triacylglycerides rich in linolenic acid were prepared using a three step process .11851184,The excessive use of agrochemicals generates damage to the environment so their controlled release from biodegradable nanoparticles represents a good solution . In this study chitosan nanoparticles were prepared by ionic gelation with sodium tripolyphosphate according to a 2,The excessive use of agrochemicals generates damage to the environment so their controlled release from biodegradable nanoparticles represents a good solution . In this study chitosan nanoparticles were prepared by ionic gelation with sodium tripolyphosphate according to a 211861185,The aim of this study is to produce biohydrogen from untreated cassava pulp using a novel selected consortium of anaerobic thermophilic bacteria and the associated microbial communities were elucidated by metagenomic analysis . CP was chosen as a sole carbon source to enrich efficient hydrogen producers from a total of 100 different composts and soil sediments under anaerobic dark fermentation at 60C . The stable enrichment culture was selected base on CP degradation and hydrogen production . The selected consortium namely BK16 from the residue of soil sediment around mangroves at Bangkhuntiean province Thailand shows the highest hydrogen production yield 35.08ml H,The stable enrichment culture was selected base on CP degradation and hydrogen production . The aim of this study is to produce biohydrogen from untreated cassava pulp using a novel selected consortium of anaerobic thermophilic bacteria and the associated microbial communities were elucidated by metagenomic analysis . The selected consortium namely BK16 from the residue of soil sediment around mangroves at Bangkhuntiean province Thailand shows the highest hydrogen production yield 35.08ml H11871186,This study aimed to find the effect of partial replacement of commercial feed with phytase fermented rice bran and turmeric flour on total cholesterol triglycerides low density of lipoprotein cholesterol and high density lipoprotein cholesterol contents in broiler meat . The experiment used a completely randomized design in which 36 male broilers were randomly assigned into six treatments . Those treatments were 100 commercial feed as the control 100 commercial feed 2 turmeric flour 95 commercial feed 5 PFRB 2 turmeric flour 90 commercial feed 10 PFRB 2 turmeric flour 85 commercial feed 15 PFRB 2 turmeric flour and 80 commercial feed 20 PFRB 2 turmeric flour . The results showed that broiler meat fed on the PFRB at all concentrations had significantly lower total cholesterol LDL c and triglyceride but higher HDL c content than that of control p 0.05 . However the inclusion doses of PFRB appeared to have no significant effect on total cholesterol triglyceride LDL c and HDL c content in broiler meat p 0.05 . Furthermore the supplementation of 2 turmeric flour gave no significant effect on all measured variables P 0.05 . These results suggest that partial replacement of commercial feed with PFRB can be used to lower cholesterol LDL c and triglyceride depositions while increasing HLD c content in broiler meat although further studies are still required to find the optimal concentration of PFRB inclusion in feed .,Furthermore the supplementation of 2 turmeric flour gave no significant effect on all measured variables P 0.05 . The results showed that broiler meat fed on the PFRB at all concentrations had significantly lower total cholesterol LDL c and triglyceride but higher HDL c content than that of control p 0.05 . However the inclusion doses of PFRB appeared to have no significant effect on total cholesterol triglyceride LDL c and HDL c content in broiler meat p 0.05 .11881187,Ionic liquids pretreatment is currently becoming an attractive approach for improving the efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis on lignocellulose . Cholinium acetate ILs that contain choline cation combined with carboxylic acid based anion is not only marked as biocompatible ILs but also known as a useful catalyst in the pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass which results in an increase of enzymatic saccharification rate of the biomass . In this study hydrolytic activities of cellulase and xylanase which produce extra cellularly by isolated actinomycetes under the presence of ChOAc were investigated . ChOAc biomass ratio were set up between 0.0 and 3.0 for pretreatment followed by hydrolysis using cellulase and xylanase that excreted when actinomycetes were grown up in pretreated bagasse successively . Act 7 was used as inoculum in saccharification and the optimum of ChOAc biomass ratio was as identified to be 1 which achieved high saccharification with a yield of reducing sugar 74.58 . Since the cellulase activities reduced to around 3070 while ChOAc biomass ratio was increased to 23 in contrast xylanase activities remain stable at the range of 58.9775.19 U mL . This experiment demonstrates the promising bio hydrolysis of biomass in green technology to increase the yield of the biomass saccharification process .,This experiment demonstrates the promising bio hydrolysis of biomass in green technology to increase the yield of the biomass saccharification process . Ionic liquids pretreatment is currently becoming an attractive approach for improving the efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis on lignocellulose . Since the cellulase activities reduced to around 3070 while ChOAc biomass ratio was increased to 23 in contrast xylanase activities remain stable at the range of 58.9775.19 U mL .11891188,Actinomycetes have been identified as one of the most diverse groups of microorganisms that play a vital role in the production of enzymes and nutraceuticals . In addition prior studies on the wild type strain of,In addition prior studies on the wild type strain of Actinomycetes have been identified as one of the most diverse groups of microorganisms that play a vital role in the production of enzymes and nutraceuticals .11901189,Disposal of agricultural waste which is produced in abundance in Malaysia remains as the primary environmental concern . Interestingly agricultural waste could be used as source of energy . Therefore the present study successfully employed banana peel as supporting substrate for the growth of,Therefore the present study successfully employed banana peel as supporting substrate for the growth of Interestingly agricultural waste could be used as source of energy . Disposal of agricultural waste which is produced in abundance in Malaysia remains as the primary environmental concern .11911190,Rice bran is a potential ingredient for broiler chicken feed due to cheap and high unsaturated oil content . However the inclusion of rice bran also has anti nutritional factors in the form of phytic acid . Thus this study aimed to investigate the effect of commercial feed substitution with phytase fermented rice bran and turmeric flour toward eicosapentaenoic acid docosahexaenoic acid crude protein and crude fat deposition in broiler meat . The experimental design was adjusted to a completely randomized design in which forty eight broiler chicken were randomly assigned into six treatments . Treatment 1 100 commercial feed treatment 2 100 commercial feed 2 turmeric flour treatment 3 95 commercial feed 5 fermented rice bran 2 turmeric flour treatment 4 90 commercial feed 10 fermented rice bran 2 turmeric flour treatment 5 85 commercial feed 15 fermented rice bran 2 turmeric flour and treatment 6 80 commercial feed 20 fermented rice bran 2 turmeric flour . The data were analyzed using two way ANOVA and Duncan Multiple Range Test to detect any differences among the treatments . The results showed that the substitution of commercial feed with fermented rice bran and turmeric flour significantly affected the DHA EPA protein and fat deposition in broiler meat . The substitution of 20 commercial feed with the fermented rice bran and 2 turmeric flour gave the highest EPA DHA and crude protein content while reduced the crude fat level of broiler meat .,The substitution of 20 commercial feed with the fermented rice bran and 2 turmeric flour gave the highest EPA DHA and crude protein content while reduced the crude fat level of broiler meat . The results showed that the substitution of commercial feed with fermented rice bran and turmeric flour significantly affected the DHA EPA protein and fat deposition in broiler meat . The data were analyzed using two way ANOVA and Duncan Multiple Range Test to detect any differences among the treatments .11921191,Native microalgae were collected and isolated from various coastal habitats of Eastern coast of India and were scrutinized in a biodiesel viewpoint . 55 unialgal marine cyanobacteria were obtained by rapid isolation method developed for the present work . The isolates represented 8 genera and 10 species . To identify the promising candidate for biodiesel all the isolated microalgae were studied for its total lipid content . The study has identified 6 promising strains with 15 lipid and above . In terms of biomass as a growth component,55 unialgal marine cyanobacteria were obtained by rapid isolation method developed for the present work . The isolates represented 8 genera and 10 species . To identify the promising candidate for biodiesel all the isolated microalgae were studied for its total lipid content .11931192,The present study was aimed to evaluate the presence of harmful heavy metals in textile dyes and selected textile effluents . Physicochemical parameters are the significant alarming signs of water pollution . The textile waters analyzed in the study showed elevated TSS were samples DU1 and DU3 was recorded with 196mg L and 584mg L which is considerably high than the permitted limit . The dyes and effluents were characterized by the presence of predominant heavy metals such as cadmium chromium lead arsenic and zinc . Phytotoxicity analysis indicated all reactive dyes had less significance effect on seed germination and also affects the chlorophyll content which directly signifies the toxic effect of dyes whereas all four effluents showed restricted germination of seeds and also a significant reduction in chlorophyll content . Hemolytic assay implied Reactive Orange was the most toxic with 90 of RBC lysis where effluents DU1 and DU2 showed a total RBC lysis of around 87 .,Phytotoxicity analysis indicated all reactive dyes had less significance effect on seed germination and also affects the chlorophyll content which directly signifies the toxic effect of dyes whereas all four effluents showed restricted germination of seeds and also a significant reduction in chlorophyll content . The present study was aimed to evaluate the presence of harmful heavy metals in textile dyes and selected textile effluents . Physicochemical parameters are the significant alarming signs of water pollution .11941193,Natural products are viable sources for the design of new chemical entities that may have their activities improved by fast inexpensive synthetic modifications of their substituents . Herein we report the synthesis of six analogs of 2 4 5 trimethoxybenzaldehyde,Herein we report the synthesis of six analogs of 2 4 5 trimethoxybenzaldehyde Natural products are viable sources for the design of new chemical entities that may have their activities improved by fast inexpensive synthetic modifications of their substituents .11951194,Rice straw and corn cobs have proven as a promising waste in the bioconversion of biomass into bioproducts . The lignocellulose content found in rice straw and corn cobs has the potential to be hydrolyzed into sugar and used as a carbon source for the growth of microorganisms . This study aims to utilize lignocellulose waste from rice straw and corn cobs for biosurfactant production by,Rice straw and corn cobs have proven as a promising waste in the bioconversion of biomass into bioproducts . The lignocellulose content found in rice straw and corn cobs has the potential to be hydrolyzed into sugar and used as a carbon source for the growth of microorganisms . This study aims to utilize lignocellulose waste from rice straw and corn cobs for biosurfactant production by11961195,Apple peel is a waste from industrial juice processing that contains phenolic antioxidants . This study aimed to evaluate valorization of apple peel by fermentation with four different locally isolated,This study aimed to evaluate valorization of apple peel by fermentation with four different locally isolated Apple peel is a waste from industrial juice processing that contains phenolic antioxidants .11971196,Hexavalent chromium is a toxic pollutant often released from tanneries after treating leather . Due to prolonged exposure to chromium the niche enables several microorganisms to develop resistance which exhibit high bioremediation prospects . Totally 126 bacterial strains were isolated from 20 different samples contaminated with tannery effluents collected from various geographical locations of Vellore and Dindigul districts Tamil Nadu India . Among them 52 morphologically diverse isolates were profiled by ARDRA into 19 groups . Based on reduction assays eight strains exhibited Cr resistance at different concentrations under varied growth conditions including pH and temperature . From eight the strain 1Ab1 identified as,From eight the strain 1Ab1 identified as Due to prolonged exposure to chromium the niche enables several microorganisms to develop resistance which exhibit high bioremediation prospects . Based on reduction assays eight strains exhibited Cr resistance at different concentrations under varied growth conditions including pH and temperature .11981197,Bacteriocins are antimicrobial peptides synthesized by lactic acid bacteria . These are well known for their anti bacterial activity in fermented foods and extend the shelf life and safety of food items . The optimum bacteriocin production was predicted from,These are well known for their anti bacterial activity in fermented foods and extend the shelf life and safety of food items . The optimum bacteriocin production was predicted from Bacteriocins are antimicrobial peptides synthesized by lactic acid bacteria .11991198,Antimicrobial edible coatings containing natural herbal extracts and essential oil possess various benefits and are currently used to design novel active biodegradable packaging . In this study adaptive neuro fuzzy inference systems model was used to predict the population of pathogenic microorganisms chemical changes and sensory characteristics of beef slices during 9 day storage period . First Cumin essential oil was incorporated into Shahri Balangu seed mucilage to fabricate an active and eco friendly edible coating for beef slice . Microbial populations psychrotrophic count,In this study adaptive neuro fuzzy inference systems model was used to predict the population of pathogenic microorganisms chemical changes and sensory characteristics of beef slices during 9 day storage period . Antimicrobial edible coatings containing natural herbal extracts and essential oil possess various benefits and are currently used to design novel active biodegradable packaging . Microbial populations psychrotrophic count12001199,In this study we report a facile and cost effective system for selective measurement of uric acid using a cascade mechanism composed of Uricase and peroxidase mimicking trivalent DNAzyme . A three G quadruplex hemin complex was engaged as the peroxidase mimicking DNAzyme . In this cascade catalysis system UA was oxidized by uricase to produce hydrogen peroxide which was also acted as a substrate for the oxidation of 3 3 5 5 tetramethylbenzidine by a peroxidase mimicking trivalent DNAzyme . TMB oxidation showed a straight relationship with UA concentration . The cascade catalysis system displayed high selectivity toward UA because of the natural selectivity of uricase . This cascade uric acid sensing system revealed the best activity at 30C and pH 7.0 which indicated its capacity to uric acid sensing near physiological conditions . The linear regression equation for UA was quantified as A 0.0072C 0.0197 with a correlation coefficient of 0.9906 . Results suggested that this system could identify as low as 0.66M of uric acid with a linear range from 2.5 to 40M . Results exhibited that the interfering public components had no noticeable absorbance values . Overall these results indicated that this facile system would be valuable for uric acid measurement in the medical laboratory .,In this study we report a facile and cost effective system for selective measurement of uric acid using a cascade mechanism composed of Uricase and peroxidase mimicking trivalent DNAzyme . The linear regression equation for UA was quantified as A 0.0072C 0.0197 with a correlation coefficient of 0.9906 . Results exhibited that the interfering public components had no noticeable absorbance values .

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