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1'use strict';2 3var test = require('tape');4var qs = require('../');5var utils = require('../lib/utils');6var iconv = require('iconv-lite');7var SaferBuffer = require('safer-buffer').Buffer;8var hasSymbols = require('has-symbols');9var mockProperty = require('mock-property');10var emptyTestCases = require('./empty-keys-cases').emptyTestCases;11var hasProto = require('has-proto')();12var hasBigInt = require('has-bigints')();13 14test('stringify()', function (t) {15    t.test('stringifies a querystring object', function (st) {16        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: 'b' }), 'a=b');17        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: 1 }), 'a=1');18        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: 1, b: 2 }), 'a=1&b=2');19        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: 'A_Z' }), 'a=A_Z');20        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: '€' }), 'a=%E2%82%AC');21        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: '' }), 'a=%EE%80%80');22        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: 'א' }), 'a=%D7%90');23        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: '𐐷' }), 'a=%F0%90%90%B7');24        st.end();25    });26 27    t.test('stringifies falsy values', function (st) {28        st.equal(qs.stringify(undefined), '');29        st.equal(qs.stringify(null), '');30        st.equal(qs.stringify(null, { strictNullHandling: true }), '');31        st.equal(qs.stringify(false), '');32        st.equal(qs.stringify(0), '');33        st.end();34    });35 36    t.test('stringifies symbols', { skip: !hasSymbols() }, function (st) {37        st.equal(qs.stringify(Symbol.iterator), '');38        st.equal(qs.stringify([Symbol.iterator]), '0=Symbol%28Symbol.iterator%29');39        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: Symbol.iterator }), 'a=Symbol%28Symbol.iterator%29');40        st.equal(41            qs.stringify({ a: [Symbol.iterator] }, { encodeValuesOnly: true, arrayFormat: 'brackets' }),42            'a[]=Symbol%28Symbol.iterator%29'43        );44        st.end();45    });46 47    t.test('stringifies bigints', { skip: !hasBigInt }, function (st) {48        var three = BigInt(3);49        var encodeWithN = function (value, defaultEncoder, charset) {50            var result = defaultEncoder(value, defaultEncoder, charset);51            return typeof value === 'bigint' ? result + 'n' : result;52        };53        st.equal(qs.stringify(three), '');54        st.equal(qs.stringify([three]), '0=3');55        st.equal(qs.stringify([three], { encoder: encodeWithN }), '0=3n');56        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: three }), 'a=3');57        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: three }, { encoder: encodeWithN }), 'a=3n');58        st.equal(59            qs.stringify({ a: [three] }, { encodeValuesOnly: true, arrayFormat: 'brackets' }),60            'a[]=3'61        );62        st.equal(63            qs.stringify({ a: [three] }, { encodeValuesOnly: true, encoder: encodeWithN, arrayFormat: 'brackets' }),64            'a[]=3n'65        );66        st.end();67    });68 69    t.test('encodes dot in key of object when encodeDotInKeys and allowDots is provided', function (st) {70        st.equal(71            qs.stringify(72                { 'name.obj': { first: 'John', last: 'Doe' } },73                { allowDots: false, encodeDotInKeys: false }74            ),75            'name.obj%5Bfirst%5D=John&name.obj%5Blast%5D=Doe',76            'with allowDots false and encodeDotInKeys false'77        );78        st.equal(79            qs.stringify(80                { 'name.obj': { first: 'John', last: 'Doe' } },81                { allowDots: true, encodeDotInKeys: false }82            ),83            'name.obj.first=John&name.obj.last=Doe',84            'with allowDots true and encodeDotInKeys false'85        );86        st.equal(87            qs.stringify(88                { 'name.obj': { first: 'John', last: 'Doe' } },89                { allowDots: false, encodeDotInKeys: true }90            ),91            'name%252Eobj%5Bfirst%5D=John&name%252Eobj%5Blast%5D=Doe',92            'with allowDots false and encodeDotInKeys true'93        );94        st.equal(95            qs.stringify(96                { 'name.obj': { first: 'John', last: 'Doe' } },97                { allowDots: true, encodeDotInKeys: true }98            ),99            'name%252Eobj.first=John&name%252Eobj.last=Doe',100            'with allowDots true and encodeDotInKeys true'101        );102 103        st.equal(104            qs.stringify(105                { 'name.obj.subobject': { 'first.godly.name': 'John', last: 'Doe' } },106                { allowDots: false, encodeDotInKeys: false }107            ),108            'name.obj.subobject%5Bfirst.godly.name%5D=John&name.obj.subobject%5Blast%5D=Doe',109            'with allowDots false and encodeDotInKeys false'110        );111        st.equal(112            qs.stringify(113                { 'name.obj.subobject': { 'first.godly.name': 'John', last: 'Doe' } },114                { allowDots: true, encodeDotInKeys: false }115            ),116            'name.obj.subobject.first.godly.name=John&name.obj.subobject.last=Doe',117            'with allowDots false and encodeDotInKeys false'118        );119        st.equal(120            qs.stringify(121                { 'name.obj.subobject': { 'first.godly.name': 'John', last: 'Doe' } },122                { allowDots: false, encodeDotInKeys: true }123            ),124            'name%252Eobj%252Esubobject%5Bfirst.godly.name%5D=John&name%252Eobj%252Esubobject%5Blast%5D=Doe',125            'with allowDots false and encodeDotInKeys true'126        );127        st.equal(128            qs.stringify(129                { 'name.obj.subobject': { 'first.godly.name': 'John', last: 'Doe' } },130                { allowDots: true, encodeDotInKeys: true }131            ),132            'name%252Eobj%252Esubobject.first%252Egodly%252Ename=John&name%252Eobj%252Esubobject.last=Doe',133            'with allowDots true and encodeDotInKeys true'134        );135 136        st.end();137    });138 139    t.test('should encode dot in key of object, and automatically set allowDots to `true` when encodeDotInKeys is true and allowDots in undefined', function (st) {140        st.equal(141            qs.stringify(142                { 'name.obj.subobject': { 'first.godly.name': 'John', last: 'Doe' } },143                { encodeDotInKeys: true }144            ),145            'name%252Eobj%252Esubobject.first%252Egodly%252Ename=John&name%252Eobj%252Esubobject.last=Doe',146            'with allowDots undefined and encodeDotInKeys true'147        );148        st.end();149    });150 151    t.test('should encode dot in key of object when encodeDotInKeys and allowDots is provided, and nothing else when encodeValuesOnly is provided', function (st) {152        st.equal(153            qs.stringify({ 'name.obj': { first: 'John', last: 'Doe' } }, {154                encodeDotInKeys: true, allowDots: true, encodeValuesOnly: true155            }),156            'name%2Eobj.first=John&name%2Eobj.last=Doe'157        );158 159        st.equal(160            qs.stringify({ 'name.obj.subobject': { 'first.godly.name': 'John', last: 'Doe' } }, { allowDots: true, encodeDotInKeys: true, encodeValuesOnly: true }),161            'name%2Eobj%2Esubobject.first%2Egodly%2Ename=John&name%2Eobj%2Esubobject.last=Doe'162        );163 164        st.end();165    });166 167    t.test('throws when `commaRoundTrip` is not a boolean', function (st) {168        st['throws'](169            function () { qs.stringify({}, { commaRoundTrip: 'not a boolean' }); },170            TypeError,171            'throws when `commaRoundTrip` is not a boolean'172        );173 174        st.end();175    });176 177    t.test('throws when `encodeDotInKeys` is not a boolean', function (st) {178        st['throws'](179            function () { qs.stringify({ a: [], b: 'zz' }, { encodeDotInKeys: 'foobar' }); },180            TypeError181        );182 183        st['throws'](184            function () { qs.stringify({ a: [], b: 'zz' }, { encodeDotInKeys: 0 }); },185            TypeError186        );187 188        st['throws'](189            function () { qs.stringify({ a: [], b: 'zz' }, { encodeDotInKeys: NaN }); },190            TypeError191        );192 193        st['throws'](194            function () { qs.stringify({ a: [], b: 'zz' }, { encodeDotInKeys: null }); },195            TypeError196        );197 198        st.end();199    });200 201    t.test('adds query prefix', function (st) {202        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: 'b' }, { addQueryPrefix: true }), '?a=b');203        st.end();204    });205 206    t.test('with query prefix, outputs blank string given an empty object', function (st) {207        st.equal(qs.stringify({}, { addQueryPrefix: true }), '');208        st.end();209    });210 211    t.test('stringifies nested falsy values', function (st) {212        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: { b: { c: null } } }), 'a%5Bb%5D%5Bc%5D=');213        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: { b: { c: null } } }, { strictNullHandling: true }), 'a%5Bb%5D%5Bc%5D');214        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: { b: { c: false } } }), 'a%5Bb%5D%5Bc%5D=false');215        st.end();216    });217 218    t.test('stringifies a nested object', function (st) {219        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: { b: 'c' } }), 'a%5Bb%5D=c');220        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: { b: { c: { d: 'e' } } } }), 'a%5Bb%5D%5Bc%5D%5Bd%5D=e');221        st.end();222    });223 224    t.test('`allowDots` option: stringifies a nested object with dots notation', function (st) {225        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: { b: 'c' } }, { allowDots: true }), 'a.b=c');226        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: { b: { c: { d: 'e' } } } }, { allowDots: true }), 'a.b.c.d=e');227        st.end();228    });229 230    t.test('stringifies an array value', function (st) {231        st.equal(232            qs.stringify({ a: ['b', 'c', 'd'] }, { arrayFormat: 'indices' }),233            'a%5B0%5D=b&a%5B1%5D=c&a%5B2%5D=d',234            'indices => indices'235        );236        st.equal(237            qs.stringify({ a: ['b', 'c', 'd'] }, { arrayFormat: 'brackets' }),238            'a%5B%5D=b&a%5B%5D=c&a%5B%5D=d',239            'brackets => brackets'240        );241        st.equal(242            qs.stringify({ a: ['b', 'c', 'd'] }, { arrayFormat: 'comma' }),243            'a=b%2Cc%2Cd',244            'comma => comma'245        );246        st.equal(247            qs.stringify({ a: ['b', 'c', 'd'] }, { arrayFormat: 'comma', commaRoundTrip: true }),248            'a=b%2Cc%2Cd',249            'comma round trip => comma'250        );251        st.equal(252            qs.stringify({ a: ['b', 'c', 'd'] }),253            'a%5B0%5D=b&a%5B1%5D=c&a%5B2%5D=d',254            'default => indices'255        );256        st.end();257    });258 259    t.test('`skipNulls` option', function (st) {260        st.equal(261            qs.stringify({ a: 'b', c: null }, { skipNulls: true }),262            'a=b',263            'omits nulls when asked'264        );265 266        st.equal(267            qs.stringify({ a: { b: 'c', d: null } }, { skipNulls: true }),268            'a%5Bb%5D=c',269            'omits nested nulls when asked'270        );271 272        st.end();273    });274 275    t.test('omits array indices when asked', function (st) {276        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: ['b', 'c', 'd'] }, { indices: false }), 'a=b&a=c&a=d');277 278        st.end();279    });280 281    t.test('omits object key/value pair when value is empty array', function (st) {282        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: [], b: 'zz' }), 'b=zz');283 284        st.end();285    });286 287    t.test('should not omit object key/value pair when value is empty array and when asked', function (st) {288        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: [], b: 'zz' }), 'b=zz');289        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: [], b: 'zz' }, { allowEmptyArrays: false }), 'b=zz');290        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: [], b: 'zz' }, { allowEmptyArrays: true }), 'a[]&b=zz');291 292        st.end();293    });294 295    t.test('should throw when allowEmptyArrays is not of type boolean', function (st) {296        st['throws'](297            function () { qs.stringify({ a: [], b: 'zz' }, { allowEmptyArrays: 'foobar' }); },298            TypeError299        );300 301        st['throws'](302            function () { qs.stringify({ a: [], b: 'zz' }, { allowEmptyArrays: 0 }); },303            TypeError304        );305 306        st['throws'](307            function () { qs.stringify({ a: [], b: 'zz' }, { allowEmptyArrays: NaN }); },308            TypeError309        );310 311        st['throws'](312            function () { qs.stringify({ a: [], b: 'zz' }, { allowEmptyArrays: null }); },313            TypeError314        );315 316        st.end();317    });318 319    t.test('allowEmptyArrays + strictNullHandling', function (st) {320        st.equal(321            qs.stringify(322                { testEmptyArray: [] },323                { strictNullHandling: true, allowEmptyArrays: true }324            ),325            'testEmptyArray[]'326        );327 328        st.end();329    });330 331    t.test('stringifies an array value with one item vs multiple items', function (st) {332        st.test('non-array item', function (s2t) {333            s2t.equal(qs.stringify({ a: 'c' }, { encodeValuesOnly: true, arrayFormat: 'indices' }), 'a=c');334            s2t.equal(qs.stringify({ a: 'c' }, { encodeValuesOnly: true, arrayFormat: 'brackets' }), 'a=c');335            s2t.equal(qs.stringify({ a: 'c' }, { encodeValuesOnly: true, arrayFormat: 'comma' }), 'a=c');336            s2t.equal(qs.stringify({ a: 'c' }, { encodeValuesOnly: true }), 'a=c');337 338            s2t.end();339        });340 341        st.test('array with a single item', function (s2t) {342            s2t.equal(qs.stringify({ a: ['c'] }, { encodeValuesOnly: true, arrayFormat: 'indices' }), 'a[0]=c');343            s2t.equal(qs.stringify({ a: ['c'] }, { encodeValuesOnly: true, arrayFormat: 'brackets' }), 'a[]=c');344            s2t.equal(qs.stringify({ a: ['c'] }, { encodeValuesOnly: true, arrayFormat: 'comma' }), 'a=c');345            s2t.equal(qs.stringify({ a: ['c'] }, { encodeValuesOnly: true, arrayFormat: 'comma', commaRoundTrip: true }), 'a[]=c'); // so it parses back as an array346            s2t.equal(qs.stringify({ a: ['c'] }, { encodeValuesOnly: true }), 'a[0]=c');347 348            s2t.end();349        });350 351        st.test('array with multiple items', function (s2t) {352            s2t.equal(qs.stringify({ a: ['c', 'd'] }, { encodeValuesOnly: true, arrayFormat: 'indices' }), 'a[0]=c&a[1]=d');353            s2t.equal(qs.stringify({ a: ['c', 'd'] }, { encodeValuesOnly: true, arrayFormat: 'brackets' }), 'a[]=c&a[]=d');354            s2t.equal(qs.stringify({ a: ['c', 'd'] }, { encodeValuesOnly: true, arrayFormat: 'comma' }), 'a=c,d');355            s2t.equal(qs.stringify({ a: ['c', 'd'] }, { encodeValuesOnly: true, arrayFormat: 'comma', commaRoundTrip: true }), 'a=c,d');356            s2t.equal(qs.stringify({ a: ['c', 'd'] }, { encodeValuesOnly: true }), 'a[0]=c&a[1]=d');357 358            s2t.end();359        });360 361        st.test('array with multiple items with a comma inside', function (s2t) {362            s2t.equal(qs.stringify({ a: ['c,d', 'e'] }, { encodeValuesOnly: true, arrayFormat: 'comma' }), 'a=c%2Cd,e');363            s2t.equal(qs.stringify({ a: ['c,d', 'e'] }, { arrayFormat: 'comma' }), 'a=c%2Cd%2Ce');364 365            s2t.equal(qs.stringify({ a: ['c,d', 'e'] }, { encodeValuesOnly: true, arrayFormat: 'comma', commaRoundTrip: true }), 'a=c%2Cd,e');366            s2t.equal(qs.stringify({ a: ['c,d', 'e'] }, { arrayFormat: 'comma', commaRoundTrip: true }), 'a=c%2Cd%2Ce');367 368            s2t.end();369        });370 371        st.end();372    });373 374    t.test('stringifies a nested array value', function (st) {375        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: { b: ['c', 'd'] } }, { encodeValuesOnly: true, arrayFormat: 'indices' }), 'a[b][0]=c&a[b][1]=d');376        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: { b: ['c', 'd'] } }, { encodeValuesOnly: true, arrayFormat: 'brackets' }), 'a[b][]=c&a[b][]=d');377        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: { b: ['c', 'd'] } }, { encodeValuesOnly: true, arrayFormat: 'comma' }), 'a[b]=c,d');378        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: { b: ['c', 'd'] } }, { encodeValuesOnly: true }), 'a[b][0]=c&a[b][1]=d');379        st.end();380    });381 382    t.test('stringifies comma and empty array values', function (st) {383        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: [',', '', 'c,d%'] }, { encode: false, arrayFormat: 'indices' }), 'a[0]=,&a[1]=&a[2]=c,d%');384        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: [',', '', 'c,d%'] }, { encode: false, arrayFormat: 'brackets' }), 'a[]=,&a[]=&a[]=c,d%');385        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: [',', '', 'c,d%'] }, { encode: false, arrayFormat: 'comma' }), 'a=,,,c,d%');386        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: [',', '', 'c,d%'] }, { encode: false, arrayFormat: 'repeat' }), 'a=,&a=&a=c,d%');387 388        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: [',', '', 'c,d%'] }, { encode: true, encodeValuesOnly: true, arrayFormat: 'indices' }), 'a[0]=%2C&a[1]=&a[2]=c%2Cd%25');389        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: [',', '', 'c,d%'] }, { encode: true, encodeValuesOnly: true, arrayFormat: 'brackets' }), 'a[]=%2C&a[]=&a[]=c%2Cd%25');390        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: [',', '', 'c,d%'] }, { encode: true, encodeValuesOnly: true, arrayFormat: 'comma' }), 'a=%2C,,c%2Cd%25');391        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: [',', '', 'c,d%'] }, { encode: true, encodeValuesOnly: true, arrayFormat: 'repeat' }), 'a=%2C&a=&a=c%2Cd%25');392 393        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: [',', '', 'c,d%'] }, { encode: true, encodeValuesOnly: false, arrayFormat: 'indices' }), 'a%5B0%5D=%2C&a%5B1%5D=&a%5B2%5D=c%2Cd%25');394        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: [',', '', 'c,d%'] }, { encode: true, encodeValuesOnly: false, arrayFormat: 'brackets' }), 'a%5B%5D=%2C&a%5B%5D=&a%5B%5D=c%2Cd%25');395        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: [',', '', 'c,d%'] }, { encode: true, encodeValuesOnly: false, arrayFormat: 'comma' }), 'a=%2C%2C%2Cc%2Cd%25');396        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: [',', '', 'c,d%'] }, { encode: true, encodeValuesOnly: false, arrayFormat: 'repeat' }), 'a=%2C&a=&a=c%2Cd%25');397 398        st.end();399    });400 401    t.test('stringifies comma and empty non-array values', function (st) {402        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: ',', b: '', c: 'c,d%' }, { encode: false, arrayFormat: 'indices' }), 'a=,&b=&c=c,d%');403        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: ',', b: '', c: 'c,d%' }, { encode: false, arrayFormat: 'brackets' }), 'a=,&b=&c=c,d%');404        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: ',', b: '', c: 'c,d%' }, { encode: false, arrayFormat: 'comma' }), 'a=,&b=&c=c,d%');405        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: ',', b: '', c: 'c,d%' }, { encode: false, arrayFormat: 'repeat' }), 'a=,&b=&c=c,d%');406 407        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: ',', b: '', c: 'c,d%' }, { encode: true, encodeValuesOnly: true, arrayFormat: 'indices' }), 'a=%2C&b=&c=c%2Cd%25');408        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: ',', b: '', c: 'c,d%' }, { encode: true, encodeValuesOnly: true, arrayFormat: 'brackets' }), 'a=%2C&b=&c=c%2Cd%25');409        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: ',', b: '', c: 'c,d%' }, { encode: true, encodeValuesOnly: true, arrayFormat: 'comma' }), 'a=%2C&b=&c=c%2Cd%25');410        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: ',', b: '', c: 'c,d%' }, { encode: true, encodeValuesOnly: true, arrayFormat: 'repeat' }), 'a=%2C&b=&c=c%2Cd%25');411 412        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: ',', b: '', c: 'c,d%' }, { encode: true, encodeValuesOnly: false, arrayFormat: 'indices' }), 'a=%2C&b=&c=c%2Cd%25');413        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: ',', b: '', c: 'c,d%' }, { encode: true, encodeValuesOnly: false, arrayFormat: 'brackets' }), 'a=%2C&b=&c=c%2Cd%25');414        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: ',', b: '', c: 'c,d%' }, { encode: true, encodeValuesOnly: false, arrayFormat: 'comma' }), 'a=%2C&b=&c=c%2Cd%25');415        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: ',', b: '', c: 'c,d%' }, { encode: true, encodeValuesOnly: false, arrayFormat: 'repeat' }), 'a=%2C&b=&c=c%2Cd%25');416 417        st.end();418    });419 420    t.test('stringifies a nested array value with dots notation', function (st) {421        st.equal(422            qs.stringify(423                { a: { b: ['c', 'd'] } },424                { allowDots: true, encodeValuesOnly: true, arrayFormat: 'indices' }425            ),426            'a.b[0]=c&a.b[1]=d',427            'indices: stringifies with dots + indices'428        );429        st.equal(430            qs.stringify(431                { a: { b: ['c', 'd'] } },432                { allowDots: true, encodeValuesOnly: true, arrayFormat: 'brackets' }433            ),434            'a.b[]=c&a.b[]=d',435            'brackets: stringifies with dots + brackets'436        );437        st.equal(438            qs.stringify(439                { a: { b: ['c', 'd'] } },440                { allowDots: true, encodeValuesOnly: true, arrayFormat: 'comma' }441            ),442            'a.b=c,d',443            'comma: stringifies with dots + comma'444        );445        st.equal(446            qs.stringify(447                { a: { b: ['c', 'd'] } },448                { allowDots: true, encodeValuesOnly: true }449            ),450            'a.b[0]=c&a.b[1]=d',451            'default: stringifies with dots + indices'452        );453        st.end();454    });455 456    t.test('stringifies an object inside an array', function (st) {457        st.equal(458            qs.stringify({ a: [{ b: 'c' }] }, { arrayFormat: 'indices', encodeValuesOnly: true }),459            'a[0][b]=c',460            'indices => indices'461        );462        st.equal(463            qs.stringify({ a: [{ b: 'c' }] }, { arrayFormat: 'repeat', encodeValuesOnly: true }),464            'a[b]=c',465            'repeat => repeat'466        );467        st.equal(468            qs.stringify({ a: [{ b: 'c' }] }, { arrayFormat: 'brackets', encodeValuesOnly: true }),469            'a[][b]=c',470            'brackets => brackets'471        );472        st.equal(473            qs.stringify({ a: [{ b: 'c' }] }, { encodeValuesOnly: true }),474            'a[0][b]=c',475            'default => indices'476        );477 478        st.equal(479            qs.stringify({ a: [{ b: { c: [1] } }] }, { arrayFormat: 'indices', encodeValuesOnly: true }),480            'a[0][b][c][0]=1',481            'indices => indices'482        );483        st.equal(484            qs.stringify({ a: [{ b: { c: [1] } }] }, { arrayFormat: 'repeat', encodeValuesOnly: true }),485            'a[b][c]=1',486            'repeat => repeat'487        );488        st.equal(489            qs.stringify({ a: [{ b: { c: [1] } }] }, { arrayFormat: 'brackets', encodeValuesOnly: true }),490            'a[][b][c][]=1',491            'brackets => brackets'492        );493        st.equal(494            qs.stringify({ a: [{ b: { c: [1] } }] }, { encodeValuesOnly: true }),495            'a[0][b][c][0]=1',496            'default => indices'497        );498 499        st.end();500    });501 502    t.test('stringifies an array with mixed objects and primitives', function (st) {503        st.equal(504            qs.stringify({ a: [{ b: 1 }, 2, 3] }, { encodeValuesOnly: true, arrayFormat: 'indices' }),505            'a[0][b]=1&a[1]=2&a[2]=3',506            'indices => indices'507        );508        st.equal(509            qs.stringify({ a: [{ b: 1 }, 2, 3] }, { encodeValuesOnly: true, arrayFormat: 'brackets' }),510            'a[][b]=1&a[]=2&a[]=3',511            'brackets => brackets'512        );513        st.equal(514            qs.stringify({ a: [{ b: 1 }, 2, 3] }, { encodeValuesOnly: true, arrayFormat: 'comma' }),515            '???',516            'brackets => brackets',517            { skip: 'TODO: figure out what this should do' }518        );519        st.equal(520            qs.stringify({ a: [{ b: 1 }, 2, 3] }, { encodeValuesOnly: true }),521            'a[0][b]=1&a[1]=2&a[2]=3',522            'default => indices'523        );524 525        st.end();526    });527 528    t.test('stringifies an object inside an array with dots notation', function (st) {529        st.equal(530            qs.stringify(531                { a: [{ b: 'c' }] },532                { allowDots: true, encode: false, arrayFormat: 'indices' }533            ),534            'a[0].b=c',535            'indices => indices'536        );537        st.equal(538            qs.stringify(539                { a: [{ b: 'c' }] },540                { allowDots: true, encode: false, arrayFormat: 'brackets' }541            ),542            'a[].b=c',543            'brackets => brackets'544        );545        st.equal(546            qs.stringify(547                { a: [{ b: 'c' }] },548                { allowDots: true, encode: false }549            ),550            'a[0].b=c',551            'default => indices'552        );553 554        st.equal(555            qs.stringify(556                { a: [{ b: { c: [1] } }] },557                { allowDots: true, encode: false, arrayFormat: 'indices' }558            ),559            'a[0].b.c[0]=1',560            'indices => indices'561        );562        st.equal(563            qs.stringify(564                { a: [{ b: { c: [1] } }] },565                { allowDots: true, encode: false, arrayFormat: 'brackets' }566            ),567            'a[].b.c[]=1',568            'brackets => brackets'569        );570        st.equal(571            qs.stringify(572                { a: [{ b: { c: [1] } }] },573                { allowDots: true, encode: false }574            ),575            'a[0].b.c[0]=1',576            'default => indices'577        );578 579        st.end();580    });581 582    t.test('does not omit object keys when indices = false', function (st) {583        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: [{ b: 'c' }] }, { indices: false }), 'a%5Bb%5D=c');584        st.end();585    });586 587    t.test('uses indices notation for arrays when indices=true', function (st) {588        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: ['b', 'c'] }, { indices: true }), 'a%5B0%5D=b&a%5B1%5D=c');589        st.end();590    });591 592    t.test('uses indices notation for arrays when no arrayFormat is specified', function (st) {593        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: ['b', 'c'] }), 'a%5B0%5D=b&a%5B1%5D=c');594        st.end();595    });596 597    t.test('uses indices notation for arrays when arrayFormat=indices', function (st) {598        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: ['b', 'c'] }, { arrayFormat: 'indices' }), 'a%5B0%5D=b&a%5B1%5D=c');599        st.end();600    });601 602    t.test('uses repeat notation for arrays when arrayFormat=repeat', function (st) {603        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: ['b', 'c'] }, { arrayFormat: 'repeat' }), 'a=b&a=c');604        st.end();605    });606 607    t.test('uses brackets notation for arrays when arrayFormat=brackets', function (st) {608        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: ['b', 'c'] }, { arrayFormat: 'brackets' }), 'a%5B%5D=b&a%5B%5D=c');609        st.end();610    });611 612    t.test('stringifies a complicated object', function (st) {613        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: { b: 'c', d: 'e' } }), 'a%5Bb%5D=c&a%5Bd%5D=e');614        st.end();615    });616 617    t.test('stringifies an empty value', function (st) {618        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: '' }), 'a=');619        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: null }, { strictNullHandling: true }), 'a');620 621        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: '', b: '' }), 'a=&b=');622        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: null, b: '' }, { strictNullHandling: true }), 'a&b=');623 624        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: { b: '' } }), 'a%5Bb%5D=');625        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: { b: null } }, { strictNullHandling: true }), 'a%5Bb%5D');626        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: { b: null } }, { strictNullHandling: false }), 'a%5Bb%5D=');627 628        st.end();629    });630 631    t.test('stringifies an empty array in different arrayFormat', function (st) {632        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: [], b: [null], c: 'c' }, { encode: false }), 'b[0]=&c=c');633        // arrayFormat default634        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: [], b: [null], c: 'c' }, { encode: false, arrayFormat: 'indices' }), 'b[0]=&c=c');635        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: [], b: [null], c: 'c' }, { encode: false, arrayFormat: 'brackets' }), 'b[]=&c=c');636        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: [], b: [null], c: 'c' }, { encode: false, arrayFormat: 'repeat' }), 'b=&c=c');637        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: [], b: [null], c: 'c' }, { encode: false, arrayFormat: 'comma' }), 'b=&c=c');638        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: [], b: [null], c: 'c' }, { encode: false, arrayFormat: 'comma', commaRoundTrip: true }), 'b[]=&c=c');639        // with strictNullHandling640        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: [], b: [null], c: 'c' }, { encode: false, arrayFormat: 'indices', strictNullHandling: true }), 'b[0]&c=c');641        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: [], b: [null], c: 'c' }, { encode: false, arrayFormat: 'brackets', strictNullHandling: true }), 'b[]&c=c');642        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: [], b: [null], c: 'c' }, { encode: false, arrayFormat: 'repeat', strictNullHandling: true }), 'b&c=c');643        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: [], b: [null], c: 'c' }, { encode: false, arrayFormat: 'comma', strictNullHandling: true }), 'b&c=c');644        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: [], b: [null], c: 'c' }, { encode: false, arrayFormat: 'comma', strictNullHandling: true, commaRoundTrip: true }), 'b[]&c=c');645        // with skipNulls646        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: [], b: [null], c: 'c' }, { encode: false, arrayFormat: 'indices', skipNulls: true }), 'c=c');647        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: [], b: [null], c: 'c' }, { encode: false, arrayFormat: 'brackets', skipNulls: true }), 'c=c');648        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: [], b: [null], c: 'c' }, { encode: false, arrayFormat: 'repeat', skipNulls: true }), 'c=c');649        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: [], b: [null], c: 'c' }, { encode: false, arrayFormat: 'comma', skipNulls: true }), 'c=c');650 651        st.end();652    });653 654    t.test('stringifies a null object', { skip: !hasProto }, function (st) {655        st.equal(qs.stringify({ __proto__: null, a: 'b' }), 'a=b');656        st.end();657    });658 659    t.test('returns an empty string for invalid input', function (st) {660        st.equal(qs.stringify(undefined), '');661        st.equal(qs.stringify(false), '');662        st.equal(qs.stringify(null), '');663        st.equal(qs.stringify(''), '');664        st.end();665    });666 667    t.test('stringifies an object with a null object as a child', { skip: !hasProto }, function (st) {668        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: { __proto__: null, b: 'c' } }), 'a%5Bb%5D=c');669        st.end();670    });671 672    t.test('drops keys with a value of undefined', function (st) {673        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: undefined }), '');674 675        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: { b: undefined, c: null } }, { strictNullHandling: true }), 'a%5Bc%5D');676        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: { b: undefined, c: null } }, { strictNullHandling: false }), 'a%5Bc%5D=');677        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: { b: undefined, c: '' } }), 'a%5Bc%5D=');678        st.end();679    });680 681    t.test('url encodes values', function (st) {682        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: 'b c' }), 'a=b%20c');683        st.end();684    });685 686    t.test('stringifies a date', function (st) {687        var now = new Date();688        var str = 'a=' + encodeURIComponent(now.toISOString());689        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: now }), str);690        st.end();691    });692 693    t.test('stringifies the weird object from qs', function (st) {694        st.equal(qs.stringify({ 'my weird field': '~q1!2"\'w$5&7/z8)?' }), 'my%20weird%20field=~q1%212%22%27w%245%267%2Fz8%29%3F');695        st.end();696    });697 698    t.test('skips properties that are part of the object prototype', function (st) {699        st.intercept(Object.prototype, 'crash', { value: 'test' });700 701        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: 'b' }), 'a=b');702        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: { b: 'c' } }), 'a%5Bb%5D=c');703 704        st.end();705    });706 707    t.test('stringifies boolean values', function (st) {708        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: true }), 'a=true');709        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: { b: true } }), 'a%5Bb%5D=true');710        st.equal(qs.stringify({ b: false }), 'b=false');711        st.equal(qs.stringify({ b: { c: false } }), 'b%5Bc%5D=false');712        st.end();713    });714 715    t.test('stringifies buffer values', function (st) {716        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: SaferBuffer.from('test') }), 'a=test');717        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: { b: SaferBuffer.from('test') } }), 'a%5Bb%5D=test');718        st.end();719    });720 721    t.test('stringifies an object using an alternative delimiter', function (st) {722        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: 'b', c: 'd' }, { delimiter: ';' }), 'a=b;c=d');723        st.end();724    });725 726    t.test('does not blow up when Buffer global is missing', function (st) {727        var restore = mockProperty(global, 'Buffer', { 'delete': true });728 729        var result = qs.stringify({ a: 'b', c: 'd' });730 731        restore();732 733        st.equal(result, 'a=b&c=d');734        st.end();735    });736 737    t.test('does not crash when parsing circular references', function (st) {738        var a = {};739        a.b = a;740 741        st['throws'](742            function () { qs.stringify({ 'foo[bar]': 'baz', 'foo[baz]': a }); },743            /RangeError: Cyclic object value/,744            'cyclic values throw'745        );746 747        var circular = {748            a: 'value'749        };750        circular.a = circular;751        st['throws'](752            function () { qs.stringify(circular); },753            /RangeError: Cyclic object value/,754            'cyclic values throw'755        );756 757        var arr = ['a'];758        st.doesNotThrow(759            function () { qs.stringify({ x: arr, y: arr }); },760            'non-cyclic values do not throw'761        );762 763        st.end();764    });765 766    t.test('non-circular duplicated references can still work', function (st) {767        var hourOfDay = {768            'function': 'hour_of_day'769        };770 771        var p1 = {772            'function': 'gte',773            arguments: [hourOfDay, 0]774        };775        var p2 = {776            'function': 'lte',777            arguments: [hourOfDay, 23]778        };779 780        st.equal(781            qs.stringify({ filters: { $and: [p1, p2] } }, { encodeValuesOnly: true, arrayFormat: 'indices' }),782            'filters[$and][0][function]=gte&filters[$and][0][arguments][0][function]=hour_of_day&filters[$and][0][arguments][1]=0&filters[$and][1][function]=lte&filters[$and][1][arguments][0][function]=hour_of_day&filters[$and][1][arguments][1]=23'783        );784        st.equal(785            qs.stringify({ filters: { $and: [p1, p2] } }, { encodeValuesOnly: true, arrayFormat: 'brackets' }),786            'filters[$and][][function]=gte&filters[$and][][arguments][][function]=hour_of_day&filters[$and][][arguments][]=0&filters[$and][][function]=lte&filters[$and][][arguments][][function]=hour_of_day&filters[$and][][arguments][]=23'787        );788        st.equal(789            qs.stringify({ filters: { $and: [p1, p2] } }, { encodeValuesOnly: true, arrayFormat: 'repeat' }),790            'filters[$and][function]=gte&filters[$and][arguments][function]=hour_of_day&filters[$and][arguments]=0&filters[$and][function]=lte&filters[$and][arguments][function]=hour_of_day&filters[$and][arguments]=23'791        );792 793        st.end();794    });795 796    t.test('selects properties when filter=array', function (st) {797        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: 'b' }, { filter: ['a'] }), 'a=b');798        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: 1 }, { filter: [] }), '');799 800        st.equal(801            qs.stringify(802                { a: { b: [1, 2, 3, 4], c: 'd' }, c: 'f' },803                { filter: ['a', 'b', 0, 2], arrayFormat: 'indices' }804            ),805            'a%5Bb%5D%5B0%5D=1&a%5Bb%5D%5B2%5D=3',806            'indices => indices'807        );808        st.equal(809            qs.stringify(810                { a: { b: [1, 2, 3, 4], c: 'd' }, c: 'f' },811                { filter: ['a', 'b', 0, 2], arrayFormat: 'brackets' }812            ),813            'a%5Bb%5D%5B%5D=1&a%5Bb%5D%5B%5D=3',814            'brackets => brackets'815        );816        st.equal(817            qs.stringify(818                { a: { b: [1, 2, 3, 4], c: 'd' }, c: 'f' },819                { filter: ['a', 'b', 0, 2] }820            ),821            'a%5Bb%5D%5B0%5D=1&a%5Bb%5D%5B2%5D=3',822            'default => indices'823        );824 825        st.end();826    });827 828    t.test('supports custom representations when filter=function', function (st) {829        var calls = 0;830        var obj = { a: 'b', c: 'd', e: { f: new Date(1257894000000) } };831        var filterFunc = function (prefix, value) {832            calls += 1;833            if (calls === 1) {834                st.equal(prefix, '', 'prefix is empty');835                st.equal(value, obj);836            } else if (prefix === 'c') {837                return void 0;838            } else if (value instanceof Date) {839                st.equal(prefix, 'e[f]');840                return value.getTime();841            }842            return value;843        };844 845        st.equal(qs.stringify(obj, { filter: filterFunc }), 'a=b&e%5Bf%5D=1257894000000');846        st.equal(calls, 5);847        st.end();848    });849 850    t.test('can disable uri encoding', function (st) {851        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: 'b' }, { encode: false }), 'a=b');852        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: { b: 'c' } }, { encode: false }), 'a[b]=c');853        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: 'b', c: null }, { strictNullHandling: true, encode: false }), 'a=b&c');854        st.end();855    });856 857    t.test('can sort the keys', function (st) {858        var sort = function (a, b) {859            return a.localeCompare(b);860        };861        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: 'c', z: 'y', b: 'f' }, { sort: sort }), 'a=c&b=f&z=y');862        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: 'c', z: { j: 'a', i: 'b' }, b: 'f' }, { sort: sort }), 'a=c&b=f&z%5Bi%5D=b&z%5Bj%5D=a');863        st.end();864    });865 866    t.test('can sort the keys at depth 3 or more too', function (st) {867        var sort = function (a, b) {868            return a.localeCompare(b);869        };870        st.equal(871            qs.stringify(872                { a: 'a', z: { zj: { zjb: 'zjb', zja: 'zja' }, zi: { zib: 'zib', zia: 'zia' } }, b: 'b' },873                { sort: sort, encode: false }874            ),875            'a=a&b=b&z[zi][zia]=zia&z[zi][zib]=zib&z[zj][zja]=zja&z[zj][zjb]=zjb'876        );877        st.equal(878            qs.stringify(879                { a: 'a', z: { zj: { zjb: 'zjb', zja: 'zja' }, zi: { zib: 'zib', zia: 'zia' } }, b: 'b' },880                { sort: null, encode: false }881            ),882            'a=a&z[zj][zjb]=zjb&z[zj][zja]=zja&z[zi][zib]=zib&z[zi][zia]=zia&b=b'883        );884        st.end();885    });886 887    t.test('can stringify with custom encoding', function (st) {888        st.equal(qs.stringify({ 県: '大阪府', '': '' }, {889            encoder: function (str) {890                if (str.length === 0) {891                    return '';892                }893                var buf = iconv.encode(str, 'shiftjis');894                var result = [];895                for (var i = 0; i < buf.length; ++i) {896                    result.push(buf.readUInt8(i).toString(16));897                }898                return '%' + result.join('%');899            }900        }), '%8c%a7=%91%e5%8d%e3%95%7b&=');901        st.end();902    });903 904    t.test('receives the default encoder as a second argument', function (st) {905        st.plan(8);906 907        qs.stringify({ a: 1, b: new Date(), c: true, d: [1] }, {908            encoder: function (str) {909                st.match(typeof str, /^(?:string|number|boolean)$/);910                return '';911            }912        });913 914        st.end();915    });916 917    t.test('receives the default encoder as a second argument', function (st) {918        st.plan(2);919 920        qs.stringify({ a: 1 }, {921            encoder: function (str, defaultEncoder) {922                st.equal(defaultEncoder, utils.encode);923            }924        });925 926        st.end();927    });928 929    t.test('throws error with wrong encoder', function (st) {930        st['throws'](function () {931            qs.stringify({}, { encoder: 'string' });932        }, new TypeError('Encoder has to be a function.'));933        st.end();934    });935 936    t.test('can use custom encoder for a buffer object', { skip: typeof Buffer === 'undefined' }, function (st) {937        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: SaferBuffer.from([1]) }, {938            encoder: function (buffer) {939                if (typeof buffer === 'string') {940                    return buffer;941                }942                return String.fromCharCode(buffer.readUInt8(0) + 97);943            }944        }), 'a=b');945 946        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: SaferBuffer.from('a b') }, {947            encoder: function (buffer) {948                return buffer;949            }950        }), 'a=a b');951        st.end();952    });953 954    t.test('serializeDate option', function (st) {955        var date = new Date();956        st.equal(957            qs.stringify({ a: date }),958            'a=' + date.toISOString().replace(/:/g, '%3A'),959            'default is toISOString'960        );961 962        var mutatedDate = new Date();963        mutatedDate.toISOString = function () {964            throw new SyntaxError();965        };966        st['throws'](function () {967            mutatedDate.toISOString();968        }, SyntaxError);969        st.equal(970            qs.stringify({ a: mutatedDate }),971            'a=' + Date.prototype.toISOString.call(mutatedDate).replace(/:/g, '%3A'),972            'toISOString works even when method is not locally present'973        );974 975        var specificDate = new Date(6);976        st.equal(977            qs.stringify(978                { a: specificDate },979                { serializeDate: function (d) { return d.getTime() * 7; } }980            ),981            'a=42',982            'custom serializeDate function called'983        );984 985        st.equal(986            qs.stringify(987                { a: [date] },988                {989                    serializeDate: function (d) { return d.getTime(); },990                    arrayFormat: 'comma'991                }992            ),993            'a=' + date.getTime(),994            'works with arrayFormat comma'995        );996        st.equal(997            qs.stringify(998                { a: [date] },999                {1000                    serializeDate: function (d) { return d.getTime(); },1001                    arrayFormat: 'comma',1002                    commaRoundTrip: true1003                }1004            ),1005            'a%5B%5D=' + date.getTime(),1006            'works with arrayFormat comma'1007        );1008 1009        st.end();1010    });1011 1012    t.test('RFC 1738 serialization', function (st) {1013        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: 'b c' }, { format: qs.formats.RFC1738 }), 'a=b+c');1014        st.equal(qs.stringify({ 'a b': 'c d' }, { format: qs.formats.RFC1738 }), 'a+b=c+d');1015        st.equal(qs.stringify({ 'a b': SaferBuffer.from('a b') }, { format: qs.formats.RFC1738 }), 'a+b=a+b');1016 1017        st.equal(qs.stringify({ 'foo(ref)': 'bar' }, { format: qs.formats.RFC1738 }), 'foo(ref)=bar');1018 1019        st.end();1020    });1021 1022    t.test('RFC 3986 spaces serialization', function (st) {1023        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: 'b c' }, { format: qs.formats.RFC3986 }), 'a=b%20c');1024        st.equal(qs.stringify({ 'a b': 'c d' }, { format: qs.formats.RFC3986 }), 'a%20b=c%20d');1025        st.equal(qs.stringify({ 'a b': SaferBuffer.from('a b') }, { format: qs.formats.RFC3986 }), 'a%20b=a%20b');1026 1027        st.end();1028    });1029 1030    t.test('Backward compatibility to RFC 3986', function (st) {1031        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: 'b c' }), 'a=b%20c');1032        st.equal(qs.stringify({ 'a b': SaferBuffer.from('a b') }), 'a%20b=a%20b');1033 1034        st.end();1035    });1036 1037    t.test('Edge cases and unknown formats', function (st) {1038        ['UFO1234', false, 1234, null, {}, []].forEach(function (format) {1039            st['throws'](1040                function () {1041                    qs.stringify({ a: 'b c' }, { format: format });1042                },1043                new TypeError('Unknown format option provided.')1044            );1045        });1046        st.end();1047    });1048 1049    t.test('encodeValuesOnly', function (st) {1050        st.equal(1051            qs.stringify(1052                { a: 'b', c: ['d', 'e=f'], f: [['g'], ['h']] },1053                { encodeValuesOnly: true, arrayFormat: 'indices' }1054            ),1055            'a=b&c[0]=d&c[1]=e%3Df&f[0][0]=g&f[1][0]=h',1056            'encodeValuesOnly + indices'1057        );1058        st.equal(1059            qs.stringify(1060                { a: 'b', c: ['d', 'e=f'], f: [['g'], ['h']] },1061                { encodeValuesOnly: true, arrayFormat: 'brackets' }1062            ),1063            'a=b&c[]=d&c[]=e%3Df&f[][]=g&f[][]=h',1064            'encodeValuesOnly + brackets'1065        );1066        st.equal(1067            qs.stringify(1068                { a: 'b', c: ['d', 'e=f'], f: [['g'], ['h']] },1069                { encodeValuesOnly: true, arrayFormat: 'repeat' }1070            ),1071            'a=b&c=d&c=e%3Df&f=g&f=h',1072            'encodeValuesOnly + repeat'1073        );1074 1075        st.equal(1076            qs.stringify(1077                { a: 'b', c: ['d', 'e'], f: [['g'], ['h']] },1078                { arrayFormat: 'indices' }1079            ),1080            'a=b&c%5B0%5D=d&c%5B1%5D=e&f%5B0%5D%5B0%5D=g&f%5B1%5D%5B0%5D=h',1081            'no encodeValuesOnly + indices'1082        );1083        st.equal(1084            qs.stringify(1085                { a: 'b', c: ['d', 'e'], f: [['g'], ['h']] },1086                { arrayFormat: 'brackets' }1087            ),1088            'a=b&c%5B%5D=d&c%5B%5D=e&f%5B%5D%5B%5D=g&f%5B%5D%5B%5D=h',1089            'no encodeValuesOnly + brackets'1090        );1091        st.equal(1092            qs.stringify(1093                { a: 'b', c: ['d', 'e'], f: [['g'], ['h']] },1094                { arrayFormat: 'repeat' }1095            ),1096            'a=b&c=d&c=e&f=g&f=h',1097            'no encodeValuesOnly + repeat'1098        );1099 1100        st.end();1101    });1102 1103    t.test('encodeValuesOnly - strictNullHandling', function (st) {1104        st.equal(1105            qs.stringify(1106                { a: { b: null } },1107                { encodeValuesOnly: true, strictNullHandling: true }1108            ),1109            'a[b]'1110        );1111        st.end();1112    });1113 1114    t.test('throws if an invalid charset is specified', function (st) {1115        st['throws'](function () {1116            qs.stringify({ a: 'b' }, { charset: 'foobar' });1117        }, new TypeError('The charset option must be either utf-8, iso-8859-1, or undefined'));1118        st.end();1119    });1120 1121    t.test('respects a charset of iso-8859-1', function (st) {1122        st.equal(qs.stringify({ æ: 'æ' }, { charset: 'iso-8859-1' }), '%E6=%E6');1123        st.end();1124    });1125 1126    t.test('encodes unrepresentable chars as numeric entities in iso-8859-1 mode', function (st) {1127        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: '☺' }, { charset: 'iso-8859-1' }), 'a=%26%239786%3B');1128        st.end();1129    });1130 1131    t.test('respects an explicit charset of utf-8 (the default)', function (st) {1132        st.equal(qs.stringify({ a: 'æ' }, { charset: 'utf-8' }), 'a=%C3%A6');1133        st.end();1134    });1135 1136    t.test('`charsetSentinel` option', function (st) {1137        st.equal(1138            qs.stringify({ a: 'æ' }, { charsetSentinel: true, charset: 'utf-8' }),1139            'utf8=%E2%9C%93&a=%C3%A6',1140            'adds the right sentinel when instructed to and the charset is utf-8'1141        );1142 1143        st.equal(1144            qs.stringify({ a: 'æ' }, { charsetSentinel: true, charset: 'iso-8859-1' }),1145            'utf8=%26%2310003%3B&a=%E6',1146            'adds the right sentinel when instructed to and the charset is iso-8859-1'1147        );1148 1149        st.end();1150    });1151 1152    t.test('does not mutate the options argument', function (st) {1153        var options = {};1154        qs.stringify({}, options);1155        st.deepEqual(options, {});1156        st.end();1157    });1158 1159    t.test('strictNullHandling works with custom filter', function (st) {1160        var filter = function (prefix, value) {1161            return value;1162        };1163 1164        var options = { strictNullHandling: true, filter: filter };1165        st.equal(qs.stringify({ key: null }, options), 'key');1166        st.end();1167    });1168 1169    t.test('strictNullHandling works with null serializeDate', function (st) {1170        var serializeDate = function () {1171            return null;1172        };1173        var options = { strictNullHandling: true, serializeDate: serializeDate };1174        var date = new Date();1175        st.equal(qs.stringify({ key: date }, options), 'key');1176        st.end();1177    });1178 1179    t.test('allows for encoding keys and values differently', function (st) {1180        var encoder = function (str, defaultEncoder, charset, type) {1181            if (type === 'key') {1182                return defaultEncoder(str, defaultEncoder, charset, type).toLowerCase();1183            }1184            if (type === 'value') {1185                return defaultEncoder(str, defaultEncoder, charset, type).toUpperCase();1186            }1187            throw 'this should never happen! type: ' + type;1188        };1189 1190        st.deepEqual(qs.stringify({ KeY: 'vAlUe' }, { encoder: encoder }), 'key=VALUE');1191        st.end();1192    });1193 1194    t.test('objects inside arrays', function (st) {1195        var obj = { a: { b: { c: 'd', e: 'f' } } };1196        var withArray = { a: { b: [{ c: 'd', e: 'f' }] } };1197 1198        st.equal(qs.stringify(obj, { encode: false }), 'a[b][c]=d&a[b][e]=f', 'no array, no arrayFormat');1199        st.equal(qs.stringify(obj, { encode: false, arrayFormat: 'brackets' }), 'a[b][c]=d&a[b][e]=f', 'no array, bracket');1200        st.equal(qs.stringify(obj, { encode: false, arrayFormat: 'indices' }), 'a[b][c]=d&a[b][e]=f', 'no array, indices');

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