Sharada25/dhammaai
1
1[2 {3 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",4 "chunk": "Vipassana Research Institute Vipassana Research Institute (VRI), a non-profit-ma king body was established in 1985 with the principal aim of condu cting scientific research into the sources and applications of the V ipassana Meditation Technique.",5 "chunk_size": 2566 },7 {8 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",9 "chunk": "V ipassana Meditation Technique. It is also the custodian of a ll the teachings given by the Principal Teacher of Vipassana, Mr.S.N.Goenka, who has been instrumental in the spread of Vipassana in modern times.",10 "chunk_size": 25611 },12 {13 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",14 "chunk": "ad of Vipassana in modern times. The financing for running VRI comes mainly from don ations by students of Mr.S.N.Goenka.This PDF book is being offered to you as a donation from grateful students of Vipassana.",15 "chunk_size": 25616 },17 {18 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",19 "chunk": "grateful students of Vipassana. If you wish to make a contri bution to this effort, please visit www.vridhamma.org to make a donation.",20 "chunk_size": 25621 },22 {23 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",24 "chunk": "ridhamma.org to make a donation. Donations to VRI are eligible for 100% tax deductio n benefit to Indian citizens under Section 35 (iii) of the In dian Income Tax Act, 1961.May all those who read this book be benefited.",25 "chunk_size": 25626 },27 {28 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",29 "chunk": "who read this book be benefited. May all beings be happy.\n\nThe Manuals of Dhamma by Mah±thera Ledi Sayadaw, Aggamah±pao1it a, D Li tt.",30 "chunk_size": 25631 },32 {33 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",34 "chunk": "adaw, Aggamah±pao1it a, D Li tt. Vipassan a Research I nstitute Dhamm a Gir i, Igatpuri 422 403 Maharasht ra, India\n\n© Vipassana Research Institute All rights reserved English translations by Sayadaw U Nyana, Dr.Beni Barua, U Sein Nyo Tun, U Saw Tun Teik.",35 "chunk_size": 25636 },37 {38 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",39 "chunk": "U Sein Nyo Tun, U Saw Tun Teik. The English Translations originally edited by the English Editorial Board of the Union Buddha Sasana Council, Yangon, Myanmar.",40 "chunk_size": 25641 },42 {43 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",44 "chunk": "Sasana Council, Yangon, Myanmar. The editing, proofreading, indexing and typesetting of this edition was done at the Vipassana Research Institute, Dhammagiri, India.",45 "chunk_size": 25646 },47 {48 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",49 "chunk": "ch Institute, Dhammagiri, India. First Edition : 1999 Reprint : 2001, 2004, 2006, 2009, 2011 ISBN: 978-81-7414-202-9 Published by: Vipassana Rese arch Institute Dhamma Giri, Igatpuri 422 403 Dist.",50 "chunk_size": 25651 },52 {53 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",54 "chunk": "mma Giri, Igatpuri 422 403 Dist. Nashik, Ma harashtra, Indi a Tel: 244076, 244086, 243712, 243238; Fax: 244176 Email: vri_admin@dhamma.net.in info@giri.dhamma.org Website : www.vridhamma.org Printed by: Apollo Printing Press G-259, SICOF Ltd., 69 MIDC, Satpur Nashik-422007, Maharashtra\n\nContents The Vipassan± D2pan2 or The Manual Of Insight ........................",55 "chunk_size": 25656 },57 {58 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",59 "chunk": "nsight ........................ 1 The Three Vipall±sa 1 The Three Maññan± 2The Two Abhinivesa 3The Two Bh3mi or Stages 3The Two Gati 4The Two Saccas or the Two Truths 6Fifty-Four Kinds of Mental Phenomena 8 I.Consciousness 9II.",60 "chunk_size": 25661 },62 {63 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",64 "chunk": "Phenomena 8 I.Consciousness 9II. Fifty-Two Kinds of Cetasika 9 The Four Mah±bh3tas or the Four Great Essentials 13The Six Bases 13The Two Bh±vas or Sexes 13J2vita-R3pa or Material Quality of Life 133⁄4h±ra-R3pa or the Material Quality of Nutrition 14Gocara-R3pas or the Four Sense-Fields 143⁄4k±sa-Dh±tu or Material Quality of Limitation 14The Two Viññatti-R3pas or Modes of Communications 14The Three Vik±ra-R3pas or the Three Plasticities 15The Four Lakkhaoa-R3pas or the Four Salient Features 15The Four Producers or Generators of Material Phenomena 16Causes Or Origins 16The Two Abhiññ±s or The Two Super-Knowledges 18The Three Pariññ±s 18Exposition of T2raoa-pariññ± 22Of The Mark Of Ill 24Anatt± 25 Pah±na-Pariññ± 28 The Paμμh±nuddesa D2pan2 or The Manual of Relations ...........",65 "chunk_size": 25666 },67 {68 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",69 "chunk": "Manual of Relations ........... 31 1.Hetu-Paccaya or The Relation by Way of Root 31 2.3⁄4rammaoa-Paccaya or The Relation of Object 323.Adhipati-Paccaya or The Relation of Dominance 334.Anantara-Paccaya or The Relation of Contiguity 365.",70 "chunk_size": 25671 },72 {73 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",74 "chunk": "The Relation of Contiguity 365. Samanantara-Paccaya or The Relation of Immediate Contiguity 386.Sahaj±ta-Paccaya or The Relation of Coexistence 397.Aññamañña-Paccaya or The Relation of Reciprocity 39\n\nii The Manuals of Dhamma 8.",75 "chunk_size": 25676 },77 {78 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",79 "chunk": "39\n\nii The Manuals of Dhamma 8. Nissaya-Paccaya or The Relation of Dependence 40 9.Upanissaya-Paccaya or The Relation of Sufficing Condition 4110.Purej±ta-Paccaya or The Relation of Pre-Existence 4411.",80 "chunk_size": 25681 },82 {83 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",84 "chunk": "Relation of Pre-Existence 4411. Pacch±j±ta-Paccaya or The Relation of Post-Existence 4412.3⁄4sevana-Paccaya or The Relation of Habitual Recurrence 4513.Kamma-Paccaya or The Relation of Kamma 4614.Vip±ka-Paccaya or The Relation of Effect 4715.",85 "chunk_size": 25686 },87 {88 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",89 "chunk": "or The Relation of Effect 4715. 3⁄4h±ra-paccaya or The Relation of Food 4816.Indriya-Paccaya or The Relation of Control 4817.Jh±na-Paccaya or The Relation of Jh±na 4918.Magga-Paccaya or The Relation of Path 5019.",90 "chunk_size": 25691 },92 {93 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",94 "chunk": "ya or The Relation of Path 5019. Sampayutta-Paccaya or The Relation of Association 5020.Vippayutta-Paccaya or The Relation of Dissociation 5121.Atthi-Paccaya or The Relation of Presence 5122.Natthi-Paccaya orThe Relation of Abeyance 5123.",95 "chunk_size": 25696 },97 {98 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",99 "chunk": "orThe Relation of Abeyance 5123. Vigata-Paccaya orThe Relation of Absence 5124.",100 "chunk_size": 256101 },102 {103 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",104 "chunk": "orThe Relation of Absence 5124. Avigata-Paccaya orThe Relation of Continuance 51Paccaya-sabh±go or The Synthesis of Relations 52Paccaya-Gha μan±naya or The Synchrony of Relations 53 Synchrony of Relations in Consciousness not Accompanied by Hetu 55Synchrony of Relations in the Immoral Class of Consciousness 55Synchrony of Relations in the States of Mind 56Synchrony of Relations in the Groups of Material Qualities 57 The Samm±di μμhi D2pan2 or The Manual Of Right V iews .........",105 "chunk_size": 256106 },107 {108 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",109 "chunk": "anual Of Right V iews ......... 63 Part One ....................................................................................................................... ... 63 1.Three Kinds of Wrong Views 63 2.Refutation of Pubbekata-hetu View 643.",110 "chunk_size": 256111 },112 {113 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",114 "chunk": "tion of Pubbekata-hetu View 643. Refutation of Issaranimm±na view 644.Refutation of Ahetuka View 655.Three Wrong Views 656.Refutation of Pubbekata-hetu View 65 (a) View that the past volitional actions of beings are the sole causes.",115 "chunk_size": 256116 },117 {118 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",119 "chunk": "s of beings are the sole causes. 65(b) Absence of “desire-to-do” and “energy”.66(c) How virtuous practices can be impaired 66(d) The possibility of becoming the holder of the view that all things are uncaused or unconditioned 67 7.",120 "chunk_size": 256121 },122 {123 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",124 "chunk": "uncaused or unconditioned 67 7. Exposition of the Word “Kammassak±” 67 Another way of Explanation 68 8.",125 "chunk_size": 256126 },127 {128 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",129 "chunk": "Another way of Explanation 68 8. Three Great Spheres 68 Kammas±dhan2ya- μh±na (Sphere in which Kamma operates) is subdivided into two parts 68 Missaka-naya 69 V2riyas±dhan2ya- μh±na (Sphere in which Energy operates) and 70 Paññ±s±dhan2ya- μh±na (Sphere in which Wisdom operates) 70\n\nTable of Contents iii Relation between Past and Present Kammas and V2riya (Energy) and ѱoa (Knowledge) 70 9.",130 "chunk_size": 256131 },132 {133 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",134 "chunk": "ergy) and ѱoa (Knowledge) 70 9. Exposition of “Kammassak± etc.” 71 Part Two ......................................................................................................................... 72 10.",135 "chunk_size": 256136 },137 {138 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",139 "chunk": "......................... 72 10. Refutation of Issaranimm±na View 72 (a) Notion of a Creator— 72(b) One’s own action only is one’s own property— 73(c) How beings are saved by their own kammas— 73(d) Further explanation— 74(e) Evil rules the world— 74(f) Right Views of those who believe in kamma and its result— 74 11.",140 "chunk_size": 256141 },142 {143 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",144 "chunk": "in kamma and its result— 74 11. Refutation of Ahetuka View 74 (a) The View of the Uncausedness of Existence— 74(b) No action can arise of its own accord— 75(c) Different characteristics of kamma, ñ±oa and v2riya— 75(d) To determine the root-causes by seeing the results— 75 12.",145 "chunk_size": 256146 },147 {148 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",149 "chunk": "es by seeing the results— 75 12. Further Explanation of Kammassak±-V±da 7513.Exposition of Att±-Di μμhi (Personality-belief) 78 14.",150 "chunk_size": 256151 },152 {153 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",154 "chunk": "μμhi (Personality-belief) 78 14. Benefits Derived from the Total Destruction of Att±-Di μμhi 79 Part Three .....................................................................................................................",155 "chunk_size": 256156 },157 {158 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",159 "chunk": "............................... .8 1 How Att± Makes One Vicious 81 Att± and Anatta 81As±rakaμμhena-Anatta: the Five Constituent Groups of Existence Delusively Taken as Att± 82 Example of a bowl.82Analogy 82How att±-di μμhi is formed.",160 "chunk_size": 256161 },162 {163 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",164 "chunk": "gy 82How att±-di μμhi is formed. 83 Pictorial Ideas and Concept of Continuity 83 How Pictorial Ideas and Concepts of Continuity are regarded as Att± 84 As±mikaμμhena-Anatta 84 Avasavattana μμhena-Anatta 84 Brief Exposition of Attaniya 85 Attaniya Objects 85Delusion of Attaniya Due to Vipall±sa (Hallucination) 85Inhabitants of Ariyabh3mi (the Plane of Noble and Sanctified Beings) 86 Five Kinds of Samm±-Di μμhi 86 Ever-existing kammassakat±-samm±di μμhi 87 Ati-o1⁄4±rika-att±-di μμhi and diμμhi-visuddhiñ±oa 87 O1⁄4±rika-att±-di μμhi and paccaya-pariggaha-ñ±oa 88 Sukhuma att±-di μμhi and Vipassan±-ñ±oa 88 Atisukhuma-att±-di μμhi and magga-phalañ±oa 88 Example of an iron bowl 88 How to Acquire n±mar3pa-pariggaha-ñ±oa 90How To Acquire paccaya-pariggaha-ñ±oa 91 How To Attain Insight-Wisdom 91\n\niv The Manuals of Dhamma The Niy±ma D2pan2 or The Manual Of Law ..............................",165 "chunk_size": 256166 },167 {168 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",169 "chunk": ".............................. 93 I Of the Fivefold Niy±ma (Law of Nature) ................................................................ 93 II Of the Two Standards of Truth (Dve sacc±ni) ......................................................",170 "chunk_size": 256171 },172 {173 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",174 "chunk": "............................... 99III Of Great Periods of Time..................................................................................... 101IV Of Things Not Within The Range Of Thought (Acinteyy±ni).........................",175 "chunk_size": 256176 },177 {178 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",179 "chunk": "yy±ni)......................... 104V Of The Three Worlds ..............................................................................................",180 "chunk_size": 256181 },182 {183 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",184 "chunk": "............................... 110VI Of Causal Genesis ..................................................................................................",185 "chunk_size": 256186 },187 {188 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",189 "chunk": "............................... 117 Dhamma-Niy±ma, A Discussion ................................................................................",190 "chunk_size": 256191 },192 {193 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",194 "chunk": "............................... 124 Note on Dhamma-Niy±ma .......................................................................................... 126 The Catusacca D2pan2 or The Manual of the Four Noble Truths .......................................",195 "chunk_size": 256196 },197 {198 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",199 "chunk": "............................... 133 The Five Khandhas (Groups of Existence) 133 The Twelve 3⁄4yatanas (Bases) 133Eighteen Psycho-physical Elements 133Three-Psychophysical Elements and Dependent Origination 134The Meaning of Sixteen Characteristics of Truths 136The Interpretation of Dukkha-Sacca (Noble Truth of Suffering) 136The Interpretation of Samudaya-Sacca (Noble Truth of The Origin of Sufferings) 137The Interpretation of Nirodha-Sacca (Noble Truth of The Cessation of Suffering) 137The Interpretation of Magga-Sacca (Noble Truth of The Path Leading ......) 137The Exposition of Four Characteristics of The Truth of Suffering 137I.",200 "chunk_size": 256201 },202 {203 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",204 "chunk": "of The Truth of Suffering 137I. The Burden of Dukkha in the Brahma World 137II.Burden of Dukkha in the Deva World 138III.The Burden of Dukkha in the Human World 139IV .The Burden of Dukkha in the Lower Planes 140A Multitude of Dukkha For Cultivators.",205 "chunk_size": 256206 },207 {208 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",209 "chunk": "itude of Dukkha For Cultivators. 141Sense Object and Suffering 142How Beings Have to Wander in the Round of Rebirths 143Crowded in Av2ci Hell 144 PART TWO ..................................................................................................................",210 "chunk_size": 256211 },212 {213 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",214 "chunk": "............................... 145 The Exposition of the Meaning of Samudaya-Sacca 145 Craving 145 The Four Interpretations of Magga-Sacca (The Noble Truth of the Path Leading ......) 147 The Bodhipakkhiya D2pan2 orThe Manual of the Factors Leading to Enlightenment ............",215 "chunk_size": 256216 },217 {218 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",219 "chunk": "g to Enlightenment ............ 153 Translator’s Preface 153 Introduction 153Four Classes of Individuals 154Three Types of Individuals 155\n\nTable of Contents v Necessary conditions of Practice for Neyya and Padaparama 157 Of These Two Classes of Individuals 157The Essential Point 160Order of Practice and Those Who Await the Next Buddha 160Unnecessary to Adhere to the Prescribed Order of Practice 161Loss of Opportunity to Attain the Seed of Vijj± Through Ignorance ...........",220 "chunk_size": 256221 },222 {223 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",224 "chunk": "± Through Ignorance ........... 161The Adhik±ra (Assiduous and Successful Practice) 162Micch±-dhammas of the present day 163Dhammantar±ya 163 Chapter I The Bodhipakkhiya Dhammas ...... ......................................................................",225 "chunk_size": 256226 },227 {228 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",229 "chunk": "............................... 164 Chapter II The Four Satipa μμh±nas........................................................................................",230 "chunk_size": 256231 },232 {233 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",234 "chunk": "............................... 164 Chapter III The Four Sammappadh±nas ................................................................................",235 "chunk_size": 256236 },237 {238 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",239 "chunk": "............................... 169 Uppanna and Anuppanna Akusala Kammas 171 Uppanna and Anuppanna Kusala Kammas 172Uppanna and Anuppanna S2la 175Uppanna and Anuppanna Sam±dhi 176Uppanna and Anuppanna Paññ± 177 Chapter IV The Four Iddhip±d±s ............................................................................................",240 "chunk_size": 256241 },242 {243 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",244 "chunk": "............................... 178 Iddhip±d± 179 Chapter V The Five Indriya....................................................................................................",245 "chunk_size": 256246 },247 {248 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",249 "chunk": "............................... 181 Chapter VI The Five Balas (or Bal±nis) .................................................................................",250 "chunk_size": 256251 },252 {253 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",254 "chunk": "............................... 187 Chapter VII The Seven Sambojjhaagas ...................................................................................",255 "chunk_size": 256256 },257 {258 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",259 "chunk": "............................... 191 Chapter VIII The Eight Maggaagas ..........................................................................................",260 "chunk_size": 256261 },262 {263 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",264 "chunk": "............................... 193 Chapter IX How to Practise the Bodhipakkhiya Dhammas ................................................",265 "chunk_size": 256266 },267 {268 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",269 "chunk": "............................... 197 Chapter X Heritage of the S±san± ......................................................................................... 198 The Maggaaga D2pan2 or The Manual of the Constituents of the Noble Path ..................",270 "chunk_size": 256271 },272 {273 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",274 "chunk": "e Noble Path .................. 209 Eightfold Noble Path ................................................................................................... 209 I.",275 "chunk_size": 256276 },277 {278 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",279 "chunk": "......................... 209 I. Samm± Di μμhi 209 (A) Kammassakat± Samm±di μμhi 209 (B) Dasavatthuka Samm±di μμhi 209\n\nvi The Manuals of Dhamma (C) Catusacca samm± di μμhi 210 II.Samm± Saakappa 210III.Samm± V±c± 210IV .Samm± Kammanta 211V.",280 "chunk_size": 256281 },282 {283 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",284 "chunk": "V±c± 210IV .Samm± Kammanta 211V. Samm± 3⁄4j2va 211VI.Samm± V±y±ma 211VII.Samm± Sati 211VIII.",285 "chunk_size": 256286 },287 {288 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",289 "chunk": "±y±ma 211VII.Samm± Sati 211VIII. Samm± Sam±dhi 211Exposition of the Three Kinds of Samm±di μμhi 212 Three kinds of Samm±di μμhi 212 (A) Kammassakat± Samm±di μμhi 212 Analysis of the Good and Bad kammas 213Two kinds of Kamma for future existences 213The Result of Present Kamma 213The Result of Past Kamma 214Sabbe satt± kammayon2 215Sabbe satt± kammabandh3 215Sabbe satt± kammappa μisarao± 215 Note re: Kammad±y±d± 218(B) Dasavatthuka Samm±di μμhi 218 Appendix 1 220Appendix 2 220Appendix 3 221 The Exposition of Right Understanding of the Four Noble Truths .....................................................................................",290 "chunk_size": 256291 },292 {293 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",294 "chunk": "............................... 221 Right Understanding of the Truth About Suffering 221 Oppression Through Kamma activities 221Oppression Through Instability 222Oppression Through Ill of Suffering 222Oppression Through Burning 222 Right Understanding of the Truth About the Cause of Suffering 222Right Understanding of the Truth About the Cessation of Suffering 222The Right Understanding of the Truth About the Real Path Leading ........",295 "chunk_size": 256296 },297 {298 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",299 "chunk": "the Real Path Leading ........ 222The Exposition of Right Thinking 223The Exposition of Right Speech 223Attha, Dhamma, Vinaya 223Exposition of Right Action 224Exposition of Right Livelihood 224Exposition of Right Effort 225 Power of Maggaaga 225Established as Niy±ma 225One’s own real benefit 225\n\nTable of Contents vii Exposition of Right Mindfulness 226 Four Applications of Mindfulness 2261.",300 "chunk_size": 256301 },302 {303 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",304 "chunk": "pplications of Mindfulness 2261. K±y±nupassan± satipa μμh±na 226 2.Vedan±nupassan± satipa μμh±na 226 3.Citt±nupassan± satipa μμh±na 226 4.",305 "chunk_size": 256306 },307 {308 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",309 "chunk": "t±nupassan± satipa μμh±na 226 4. Dhamm±nupassan± satipa μμh±na 227 Bind up with the rope 227 Exposition of Right Concentration (Only when the mental restlessness disappears) 227 Of these four kinds of Sam±dhis: Paμhama-jh±na-sam±dhi (First Jh±na Concentration) 227 Three kinds of va μμa (round) relating to four kinds of sa1⁄2s±ras respectively 228 Interrelations Between Maggaaga and Va μμa 229 The First, Second and Third Stage of Di μμhi (Wrong Views) 229 “I-ness”— 229To the First Nibb±na 229Match-box, match-stick and nitrous surface 230 Forming the Noble Eightfold Path Into Three Groups 230 To destroy the three stages of sakk±yadi μμhi 231 How to Establish the Morality-Group of the Eightfold path (Exposition of the Eightfold Path in relation to the stages of di μμhi) 231 How to take and Practise 3⁄4j2va μμhamaka-S2la 231 The kinds of nicca-s2la (Permanent Morality) 231 Ingredients of the Seven Kinds of Wrong Doing ....................................................",310 "chunk_size": 256311 },312 {313 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",314 "chunk": "............................... 232 Five conditions of p±o±tip±ta 232 Five conditions of adinn±d±na 232Four conditions to k±mesumicch±c±ra 232Four conditions of mus±v±da 232Four conditions of pisuoav±c± 232Three conditions of pharusav±c± 232Two conditions of samphappal±pa 232How to Establish the Concentration-Group of the Noble Eightfold Path 233 3⁄4n±p±na Practice 233Let the mindfulness be constant 233 How the mental restlessness can be got rid of 234 When to Establish Paññakkhandha (Wisdom-group) 234 How to Establish the Wisdom-Group of the Eightfold Path 234 Softness or hardness 235 Cohesion or liquidity 235 Heat or cold 235 Support or motion 235Increase-udaya, Decrease-vaya 235Increase and decrease in the four pairs of elements 235\n\nviii The Manuals of Dhamma Anicca, Dukkha, Anatta 235 Sakk±yadi μμhi and the Head 236 Know, note, think, see 236 Delusion 236 Because they do not understand 236Right Understanding 236 Like the hand that aims at the target with an arrow 236 Must be persistent 237To become “Bon-sin-san” individuals 237 A Short Explanation of the Establishment of the Noble Eightfold Path 237 Only when Wisdom and Effort are strenuous 237Understanding reality whenever contemplated 238 Enjoying the three kinds of Happiness 238 Alin-Kyan An Exposition of Five Kinds of Light .....................",315 "chunk_size": 256316 },317 {318 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",319 "chunk": "of Light ..................... 239 Chapter I ......................................................................................................................",320 "chunk_size": 256321 },322 {323 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",324 "chunk": "............................... .239 Five Kinds of Stark Ignorance and Five Kinds of Light 239 (A) The five kinds of Stark Ignorance 239 (B) The five kinds of Light 239 (A) 1 and (B) 1.",325 "chunk_size": 256326 },327 {328 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",329 "chunk": "ds of Light 239 (A) 1 and (B) 1. Kamma-sammoha and Kammassakat±-ñ±oa 239B Kammassakat±-ñ±oa 240 The Light of the World 241 (A) 2 and (B) 2.Stark Ignorance of Dhamma and the Second Light, Dhammasammoha 241(A) 3 and (B) 3.",330 "chunk_size": 256331 },332 {333 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",334 "chunk": "hammasammoha 241(A) 3 and (B) 3. Stark Ignorance of Causation and the Third Light 242 Acinteyya Sutta ............................................................................................................ 243 (A) 4 and (B) 4.",335 "chunk_size": 256336 },337 {338 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",339 "chunk": "........... 243 (A) 4 and (B) 4. Stark Ignorance of Three Characteristics of Life and the Fourth Light 244 (A) 5 and (B) 5.",340 "chunk_size": 256341 },342 {343 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",344 "chunk": "ourth Light 244 (A) 5 and (B) 5. The Fifth Stark Ignorance and the Fifth Light 244 Chapter II .....................................................................................................................",345 "chunk_size": 256346 },347 {348 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",349 "chunk": "............................... 245 Six kinds of dh±tu (elements) 245 Analysis of Pathav2 246 I.Proof by Means of the Text 247 II.",350 "chunk_size": 256351 },352 {353 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",354 "chunk": "oof by Means of the Text 247 II. Proof by Means of Characteristics 247Analysis of 3⁄4po 249 Analysis of Tejo 249 Appendix 1 Five Questions on Kamma...........................................................",355 "chunk_size": 256356 },357 {358 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",359 "chunk": "............................... 251\n\nTable of Contents ix Appendix 2 Anattanisa1⁄2sa ...............................................................................",360 "chunk_size": 256361 },362 {363 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",364 "chunk": "............................... 254 Anatta Realisation and Past Kammas 254 Anatta Realisation and Future Kammas 255How Past Kammas Become Inoperative 256The Evil of Sakk±ya-Di μμhi 256 Superficial and Deep Attachment 257 List of VRI Publications ...............................................................",365 "chunk_size": 256366 },367 {368 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",369 "chunk": "............................... 269 List of Vipassana Meditation Centres .........................................",370 "chunk_size": 256371 },372 {373 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",374 "chunk": "............................... 271\n\nAcknow ledge ment The Vipassana Research Institute (V.R .I.) gratefully acknowledges the efforts of the U nion Buddha S ±sana Council Yangon in m aking available in English some of the important D2pan2s of Ledi Sayadaw.",375 "chunk_size": 256376 },377 {378 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",379 "chunk": "portant D2pan2s of Ledi Sayadaw. T his has been a historic work by the em inent scholars w ho translated the D 2pan2s for the U nion Buddha S±sana Council.The translations were first published as Manuals of Buddhism.",380 "chunk_size": 256381 },382 {383 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",384 "chunk": "ublished as Manuals of Buddhism. These translations have long served as a guiding light for English-speakin g meditators.But they are not easily available now.",385 "chunk_size": 256386 },387 {388 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",389 "chunk": "ey are not easily available now. The number of Vipassana meditators in the tradition of Ledi Sayadaw is increasing rapidly all over the world.These meditators are naturally eager to read the Sayadaw’s D2pan2s.To fulfill the demand, V.R.I.",390 "chunk_size": 256391 },392 {393 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",394 "chunk": "2s.To fulfill the demand, V.R.I. is publishing the English translations of these D2pan2s again.Since Vipassana meditators from, different religious background know the universal teaching of the Buddha as Dhamma, V .R.I.",395 "chunk_size": 256396 },397 {398 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",399 "chunk": "of the Buddha as Dhamma, V .R.I. has taken the liberty to name this collection as Manuals of Dhamma.",400 "chunk_size": 256401 },402 {403 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",404 "chunk": "collection as Manuals of Dhamma. May the m eritorious w ork of the Uni on Buddha S ±sana Council Continue to bear fruits! May the words of Ledi S ayadaw continue to guide and inspire many on the path of Dha mma f or a long.",405 "chunk_size": 256406 },407 {408 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",409 "chunk": "the path of Dha mma f or a long. long tim e!\n\nA Shor t Biogr aphy of Ve nerable L edi Sayadaw\n\nKnown to oriental scholars around the world, the Venerable Ledi Sayadaw was born on Tuesday, the 13th Waxing of Nattaw, 1208 Myanmar(Burmese) Era (1846 C.E.) at Saing-Pyin Kyeevillage, Dipeyin Township, Shwebo District,Sagaing Division, of Myanmar (Burma).",410 "chunk_size": 256411 },412 {413 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",414 "chunk": "ng Division, of Myanmar (Burma). Ledi Sayadaw’s parents were U Tun Tha and Daw Kyene.Their first child, a son, died when he was very young.When the second child was born,the child’s parents and relatives bestowed the ti-tle of ‘Tat Khaung’ upon him.",415 "chunk_size": 256416 },417 {418 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",419 "chunk": "ti-tle of ‘Tat Khaung’ upon him. In Myanmar, tat means to climb, rise, ascend, and khaung means the top, who will become the summit or foremost in every field of Buddhism.",420 "chunk_size": 256421 },422 {423 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",424 "chunk": "most in every field of Buddhism. As a child, he was therefore known as Maung (young boy, master)Tat Khaung, later to become Ledi Sayadaw (LetiSayataw).",425 "chunk_size": 256426 },427 {428 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",429 "chunk": "come Ledi Sayadaw (LetiSayataw). As founder of Ledi Nik±ya (the LetiOrganisation), Maung Tat Khaung became known as U Ñy±oadhaja which means— the most excellent and greatest sage.",430 "chunk_size": 256431 },432 {433 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",434 "chunk": "ost excellent and greatest sage. He was indeed the greatbenefactor of many scholars worldwide and thedistinguished bearer of the torch of meditation forthe modern world.",435 "chunk_size": 256436 },437 {438 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",439 "chunk": "meditation forthe modern world. Before Ledi Sayadaw’s time, a short distance to the northeast of the city of Monywa in Upper Myanmar, the land was completely covered witha jungle of dense underbrush and tangled vegeta-tion where many wild animals and birds lived.Farmers cleared parts of this jungle, and farmswere created on this once wild land on the outskirts of the city.",440 "chunk_size": 256441 },442 {443 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",444 "chunk": "nd on the outskirts of the city. In Myanmar, le means farm, ti means invention, and taw means forest.Thus this area came to be known as the farms-inventionforest, known in Myanmar as Letitaw .",445 "chunk_size": 256446 },447 {448 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",449 "chunk": "t, known in Myanmar as Letitaw . Later, the Myanmar people pronounced it Ledi Tawya , (ya means place).Ledi or Leti is the name by which the Sayadaw, his monastery and his region are most known asoutside of Myanmar.",450 "chunk_size": 256451 },452 {453 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",454 "chunk": "most known asoutside of Myanmar. Sayadaw or Sayataw comesfrom the word saya, which means teacher, and daw or taw which means great or respectable.",455 "chunk_size": 256456 },457 {458 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",459 "chunk": "hich means great or respectable. Sayadaw stayed in the midst of this jungle where he practised meditation, and establishedmeditation and education monasteries.",460 "chunk_size": 256461 },462 {463 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",464 "chunk": "ation and education monasteries. Taking thename of this place, Sayadaw and his monasteriesbecame known as ‘Ledi Sayadaw’ and ‘Ledi Monastery’.",465 "chunk_size": 256466 },467 {468 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",469 "chunk": "i Sayadaw’ and ‘Ledi Monastery’. At the age of ten, Maung Tat Khaung was sent by his parents to the monastery of Sayadaw UNanda, who lived in Kyaung Ma Taik, the princi-ple monastery of Saing Pyin Kyi village.",470 "chunk_size": 256471 },472 {473 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",474 "chunk": "stery of Saing Pyin Kyi village. MaungTat Khaung learned the Myanmar language and began the study of the foundations of the P±li language.He learned the Lokan2ti , the Dhamman2ti , 11 Paritta suttas , etc., by heart.",475 "chunk_size": 256476 },477 {478 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",479 "chunk": "Paritta suttas , etc., by heart. At the age of fifteen, he was ordained as a s±maoera (novice) under the guidance of his preceptor, Sayadaw U Nanda, at Kyaung Ma Taik, in Saing Pyin Kyi village, thus fulfilling the expec-tations of his parents.",480 "chunk_size": 256481 },482 {483 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",484 "chunk": "he expec-tations of his parents. Sayadaw U Nanda gave himthe name ‘Ñy±oadhaja’, which also means ‘pos-sessor of the wisdom-banner’.",485 "chunk_size": 256486 },487 {488 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",489 "chunk": "os-sessor of the wisdom-banner’. By the age of eighteen, he had mastered the Vedas under Sayadaw U Gandham±, a Veda expert, in Ye Thut village near Saing Pyin Kyi.",490 "chunk_size": 256491 },492 {493 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",494 "chunk": "hut village near Saing Pyin Kyi. Dur-ing this time, Shin Ñy±oadhaja wrote many po-ems in Myanmar and P±li, verses connected withordination, J±taka stories and a P±li-Myanmar grammar.At the age of twenty, in 1228 B.E.",495 "chunk_size": 256496 },497 {498 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",499 "chunk": "the age of twenty, in 1228 B.E. (April 20, 1866), Shin Ñy±oadhaja took upasampad± (higher ordination) under the instruction of his preceptor,Sayadaw U Nanda.",500 "chunk_size": 256501 },502 {503 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",504 "chunk": "f his preceptor,Sayadaw U Nanda. In 1229 B.E., U Ñy±oadhajawent to Maagal± Sankyaung Taik in the northernpart of the city of Mandalay.Sankyaung Taik was built by King Mindon.",505 "chunk_size": 256506 },507 {508 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",509 "chunk": "g Taik was built by King Mindon. When King Mindon established his new capital and palace in Mandalay,he moved his former palace, San Nan Taw, fromA Short Biography of Venerable Ledi Sayadaw\n\nThe Manuals of Dhamma iv the old capital of Amarap3ra to the new capital of Mandalay, where it was reconstructed and donatedas a monastery to Sayadaw for the benefit of theS±sana.",510 "chunk_size": 256511 },512 {513 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",514 "chunk": "aw for the benefit of theS±sana. King Mindon established over 400 monasteries surrounding his new capital in Mandalay with over 2,000 monks living in each monastery.",515 "chunk_size": 256516 },517 {518 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",519 "chunk": "monks living in each monastery. This was a period of great patronage of and participa-tion in both pariyatti and pa μipatti .",520 "chunk_size": 256521 },522 {523 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",524 "chunk": "both pariyatti and pa μipatti . When U Ñy±oadhaja learned the P±li piμakas in Sankyaung Taik, there were over 80,000 monks in Mandalay.During recitations of Vinaya rules at Sankyaung Taik U Ñy±oadhaja would take his place behind all the bhikkhus and recite with them all 227 rules in a loud voice that was sweet and clear.",525 "chunk_size": 256526 },527 {528 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",529 "chunk": "voice that was sweet and clear. UÑy±oadhaja stayed at Sankyaung Taik in Manda-lay for ten years.During this time, he thoroughlylearned all of the Piμakas including the Aμμhakath±s and Ý2k±s (Commentaries and Subcommentaries).",530 "chunk_size": 256531 },532 {533 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",534 "chunk": "mmentaries and Subcommentaries). According to the Myanmar Era, in the year of 1233 B.E.(1871 C.E.), on the full moon day ofMay, the Fifth Great Council ( Pañcama Saag±yana), supported by King Mindon, was held in the Royal Palace of Mandalay.",535 "chunk_size": 256536 },537 {538 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",539 "chunk": "in the Royal Palace of Mandalay. This great coun-cil was headed by Baddanta J±gara (PhayargyiSayadaw), Baddanta Narinda (Sibani Sayadaw)and Baddanta Sumaagala (Myinwon Sayadaw).Over 600 selected monks participated.",540 "chunk_size": 256541 },542 {543 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",544 "chunk": "600 selected monks participated. In the Fifth Saagha Council, monks recited the entire Tipiμaka.",545 "chunk_size": 256546 },547 {548 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",549 "chunk": "nks recited the entire Tipiμaka. From Saintkyaung Taik, the monks recited the Vinaya Piμaka, monks from Salin Kyaung Taik recited the Sutta Piμaka, and monks from Sankyaung Taik recited the Abhidhamma Piμaka.",550 "chunk_size": 256551 },552 {553 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",554 "chunk": "k recited the Abhidhamma Piμaka. In this great saagha reciting assembly, held in the golden Royal Palace, U Ñy±oadhaja, without any aides, orally recited the Kath±vatthu Abhidhamma , the fifth of the seven books which comprise the Abhidhamma.",555 "chunk_size": 256556 },557 {558 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",559 "chunk": "s which comprise the Abhidhamma. He was greatly honoured by the King, the Saagha and laymen.",560 "chunk_size": 256561 },562 {563 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",564 "chunk": "the King, the Saagha and laymen. Based on this assembly of oral recitation, the righteous King Mah±dhammar±j± had the entire Tipiμaka inscribed onto 729 slabs of marble and housed themin the Kuthodaw Pagoda below Mandalay Hill.",565 "chunk_size": 256566 },567 {568 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",569 "chunk": "odaw Pagoda below Mandalay Hill. During his stay at Sankyaung Taik, U Ñy±oadhaja continued to study and learn theTipiμaka texts, commentaries and subcommentaries under the guidance ofSankyaung Sayadaw, Makut±r±ma Sayadaw, SalinSayadaw and other eminent scholar-monks inMandalay.",570 "chunk_size": 256571 },572 {573 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",574 "chunk": "minent scholar-monks inMandalay. He also gave lectures on the Tipiμaka to the 2000 student monks at Sankyaung Taik.He was considered the most skilful in teaching the Abhidhamma and P±li grammar.",575 "chunk_size": 256576 },577 {578 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",579 "chunk": "the Abhidhamma and P±li grammar. After the Fifth Saagha Council ( Saag±yana ), in the tenth year of his monkhood (1239 B.E., 1877 C.E.), his greatskill at lecturing was recognised by the King, whoawarded him the title of Paμhama S±cha (First Great Lecturer).",580 "chunk_size": 256581 },582 {583 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",584 "chunk": "ma S±cha (First Great Lecturer). He had been a monk for fourteen years, teaching Tipiμaka students at Sankyaung Taik, when Sankyaung Sayadaw set out twenty questions inP±li about the p±ram2s (perfections) of a Buddha, a Pacceka Buddha and s±vak±s .",585 "chunk_size": 256586 },587 {588 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",589 "chunk": ", a Pacceka Buddha and s±vak±s . Among the 2,000 student monks, no one could answer these questions satisfactorily except U Ñy±oadhaja.",590 "chunk_size": 256591 },592 {593 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",594 "chunk": "isfactorily except U Ñy±oadhaja. So re-markable were his answers, that they were col-lected and published in his first book— P±ram2 D2pan2 or The Manual of Perfection.",595 "chunk_size": 256596 },597 {598 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",599 "chunk": "an2 or The Manual of Perfection. Every uposatha (sabbath) day, U Ñy±oadhaja used to visit U Hlaing, the Minister of the Yo re-gion.U Hlaing was a gifted and learned person inmany fields who had a keen intellect and had writ-ten many books.",600 "chunk_size": 256601 },602 {603 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",604 "chunk": "ect and had writ-ten many books. U Ñy±oadhaja spent long hourswith him in discussion of both mundane ( lokiya ) and supramundane ( lokuttar± ) aspects of reality.",605 "chunk_size": 256606 },607 {608 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",609 "chunk": "lokuttar± ) aspects of reality. From these discussions, he mastered the compara-tive study of discourses, verses, proverbs, poems,etc.",610 "chunk_size": 256611 },612 {613 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",614 "chunk": "es, verses, proverbs, poems,etc. Some time later, Shwe Yay Saung Sayadaw instructed Man Aung Sayadaw to translate the Nigamag±th± (conclusion stanzas) of Manis±ra Mañjusatik± from P±li into Myanmar.",615 "chunk_size": 256616 },617 {618 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",619 "chunk": "jusatik± from P±li into Myanmar. Man Aung Sayadaw turned this task over to SankyaungSayadaw who in turn assigned the task to UÑy±oadhaja.The stanzas were very complicatedand difficult to understand.",620 "chunk_size": 256621 },622 {623 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",624 "chunk": "atedand difficult to understand. U Ñy±oadhaja was able to render an excellent translation that satisfied the Sayadaws.",625 "chunk_size": 256626 },627 {628 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",629 "chunk": "ion that satisfied the Sayadaws. During this period, Myanmar students and teachers of the Abhidhamma were relying heavily on a Sinhalese commentary, the\n\nA Short Biography of Venerable Ledi Sayadaw v Abhidhammattha Vibh±vani Ý2k± , written by the Venerable Sumaagalas±mi of ancient Sri Lanka.U Ñy±oadhaja heard a discussion among someSinhalese scholar monks who were visiting Man-dalay at that time.",630 "chunk_size": 256631 },632 {633 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",634 "chunk": "visiting Man-dalay at that time. They said, ‘Myanmar monksdo not understand Abhidhamma and P±li grammar correctly because they are studying and teaching the Abhidhammattha Vibh±vani Ý2k± in which there are many mistakes in both theory and gram-mar.",635 "chunk_size": 256636 },637 {638 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",639 "chunk": "kes in both theory and gram-mar. Have they not discovered and realised thesemistakes?’ U Ñy±oadhaja firmly resolved thatsomeday he would write a new Abhidhamma Ý2k± and new P±li grammar texts.U Ñy±oadhaja had arrived in Sankyaung Taik in 1229 B.E.",640 "chunk_size": 256641 },642 {643 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",644 "chunk": "d in Sankyaung Taik in 1229 B.E. In 1240 B.E., Thibaw, the son ofMindon, succeeded Mindon as the king.",645 "chunk_size": 256646 },647 {648 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",649 "chunk": "n, succeeded Mindon as the king. In 1244B.E., in the fourth year of the reign of KingThibaw, the whole capital of Mandalay was ravaged by fire, including many parts of the palace and Sankyaung Taik.",650 "chunk_size": 256651 },652 {653 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",654 "chunk": "f the palace and Sankyaung Taik. U Ñy±oadhaja lost manybooks, notes, references, quotations, etc., in thefire.He had spent sixteen years in Sankyaung Taik:nine years as a student and seven years as a teacher.",655 "chunk_size": 256656 },657 {658 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",659 "chunk": "nt and seven years as a teacher. While residing there, he devoted himself to the service of the bhikkhu saagha .Daily, he cleaned the monastery and compound.",660 "chunk_size": 256661 },662 {663 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",664 "chunk": "aned the monastery and compound. He washed the toi-lets in the morning and fetched drinking water,bathing water and toilet water for the monks.",665 "chunk_size": 256666 },667 {668 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",669 "chunk": "and toilet water for the monks. In1244 B.E., after the great fire, U Ñy±oadhaja paid homage to Sankyaung Sayadaw and left the gutted palace and monastery.He went to Monywa.",670 "chunk_size": 256671 },672 {673 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",674 "chunk": "and monastery.He went to Monywa. In Monywa, U Ñy±oadhaja stayed at Shwesekhon Kyaung near Shwesekhon Pagoda fora short period of time and then returned to SaingPyin Kyi village where he was born.",675 "chunk_size": 256676 },677 {678 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",679 "chunk": "n Kyi village where he was born. He spent the rainy retreat ( vassa ) in 1245 B.E., at a bamboo vih±ra near Marajina Pagoda, in the vicinity of Monywa.",680 "chunk_size": 256681 },682 {683 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",684 "chunk": "goda, in the vicinity of Monywa. During the rainy retreats of 1246-48B.E., U Ñy±oadhaja stayed at U Wine Monastery,donated by Thangyo U Wine, a merchant fromMonywa.At the end of the rainy retreat of 1248 B.E.(1877C.E.), Sayadaw withdrew into the jungle.",685 "chunk_size": 256686 },687 {688 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",689 "chunk": "ayadaw withdrew into the jungle. His disciples, after searching for him for manydays, finally found him sitting alone under a hugetamarind tree with only three robes and one blackbowl in the middle of a thick jungle, called Ledi,to the northeast of Monywa.",690 "chunk_size": 256691 },692 {693 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",694 "chunk": "Ledi,to the northeast of Monywa. This marks the beginning of the era of Ledi Sayadaw and of hismonastery called Ledi Kyaung Taik.Around this time, Sayadaw started exhorting people not to eat cattle or oxen.",695 "chunk_size": 256696 },697 {698 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",699 "chunk": "eople not to eat cattle or oxen. He taught thatoxen correspond to fathers who plow the land and give food to the family.Cows resemble mothers, who feed milk to their children.",700 "chunk_size": 256701 },702 {703 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",704 "chunk": "who feed milk to their children. Human beingsshould not eat the meat of oxen and cows becausethey are so similar to parents.",705 "chunk_size": 256706 },707 {708 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",709 "chunk": "ethey are so similar to parents. Sayadaw wrotemany open letters at that time urging people toabstain from eating beef—(‘The Letter of Fervent Love for Cattle’ or Gomettasa , an admonitory letter for the abstention from eating beef).",710 "chunk_size": 256711 },712 {713 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",714 "chunk": "he abstention from eating beef). In those days, in the Ledi jungle, various creatures troubled people who went there.TheSayadaw developed deep mett± bh±van± (lovingkindness) toward them.During this time he became known as ‘Ledi Sayadaw’.",715 "chunk_size": 256716 },717 {718 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",719 "chunk": "became known as ‘Ledi Sayadaw’. Soon after, three young bhikkhus who had been students of Sayadaw, came to his forest vih±ra in order to care for his needs and learn the Tipiμaka from him.",720 "chunk_size": 256721 },722 {723 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",724 "chunk": "and learn the Tipiμaka from him. The number of students and monks studying under him and devoted lay people gradually increased.",725 "chunk_size": 256726 },727 {728 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",729 "chunk": "lay people gradually increased. When learned monks from many placesbegan to come to Ledi Sayadaw to study the sa-cred texts and to learn meditation, they built manyresidential monasteries, dining halls, teachinghalls, meditation halls, secluded huts, stupas, water wells, water tanks, etc.",730 "chunk_size": 256731 },732 {733 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",734 "chunk": ", water wells, water tanks, etc. Sayadaw consecrated ground to build an ordination hall.",735 "chunk_size": 256736 },737 {738 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",739 "chunk": "und to build an ordination hall. He named theLedi Monastery— S±dhujanap±s±dik±r±ma which means, ‘the monastery for the gladdening of goodpeople’ and named the ordination hall— S±sana Sobhini Sim± which means, ‘the consecration for the courtesy of dispensation’.",740 "chunk_size": 256741 },742 {743 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",744 "chunk": "r the courtesy of dispensation’. These names were actually insignificant in the legend of LediSayadaw.Sayadaw U Ñy±oadhaja established Ledi Monastery and Ledi Organisation at the age of 40, in1248 B.E.(1886 C.E.).",745 "chunk_size": 256746 },747 {748 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",749 "chunk": "e of 40, in1248 B.E.(1886 C.E.). For the next 12 years, he taught the Tipiμaka to bhikkhus who came from various places.He also nursed sick bhikkhus .",750 "chunk_size": 256751 },752 {753 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",754 "chunk": "s.He also nursed sick bhikkhus . Amongst his many activities and obligations, Ledi Sayadaw also accomplished a task he hadset for himself many years before, at Sankyaung\n\nThe Manuals of Dhamma vi Taik in Mandalay.",755 "chunk_size": 256756 },757 {758 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",759 "chunk": "s of Dhamma vi Taik in Mandalay. He corrected over 230 errors in the Abhidhammattha Vibh±vani Ý2k± .From his studies and lectures, he compiled a new commen-tary on the Abhidhamma in 1259 B.E., entitled the Paramattha-D2pan2 Ý2k±.",760 "chunk_size": 256761 },762 {763 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",764 "chunk": "tled the Paramattha-D2pan2 Ý2k±. It has become a standard reference on the Abhidhamma among teachers, students and scholars around the world.Meanwhile, he translated his P±li Ý2k± into Myanmar.",765 "chunk_size": 256766 },767 {768 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",769 "chunk": "ated his P±li Ý2k± into Myanmar. He wrote the following works at LediMonastery in 1256 B.E.— Lakkhaoa D2pan2 (Manual of Characteristics), and Uposatha S2la Vinicchaya (a decisive talk on sabbath virtue).",770 "chunk_size": 256771 },772 {773 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",774 "chunk": "ecisive talk on sabbath virtue). In 1257 B.E., Ledi Sayadaw travelled to Bodhgaya, in India.From there, he visited othersacred places associated with the Buddha’s lifeincluding Sarnath, Rajagaha, Savatthi, Lumbini,etc.",775 "chunk_size": 256776 },777 {778 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",779 "chunk": "Rajagaha, Savatthi, Lumbini,etc. As he travelled, first by train to Yangon (Ran-goon), then by ship to Calcutta, and while he visited these holy places, Ledi Sayadaw wrote thirteen verses on paμiccasamupp±da (Dependent Origination).",780 "chunk_size": 256781 },782 {783 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",784 "chunk": "mupp±da (Dependent Origination). On returning to Yangon, Sayadawcompiled a book entitled Paμiccasamupp±da D2pani (Manual of Dependent Origination).In the following years, Ledi Sayadaw travelled continuously up and down Myanmar.",785 "chunk_size": 256786 },787 {788 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",789 "chunk": "ontinuously up and down Myanmar. He would spendhis rainy retreats in meditation and also writingmanuals in response to the questions of his manydisciples and lay-followers.",790 "chunk_size": 256791 },792 {793 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",794 "chunk": "manydisciples and lay-followers. In 1258 B.E., when he was fifty, Sayadaw entered the Sapagan Tawtankyi Forest, Twante Township and stayed at the Sapagan Forest Mon-astery.",795 "chunk_size": 256796 },797 {798 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",799 "chunk": "t the Sapagan Forest Mon-astery. He consequently wrote ‘The Lion’s Roar’,a poem which he gave to his senior disciple andwell known dhamma -teacher, Ledi Vaooita.From this poem, it is clear that Ledi Sayadaw had attained the fourth jh±na .",800 "chunk_size": 256801 },802 {803 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",804 "chunk": "had attained the fourth jh±na . During 1259 and 1260 B.E., Ledi Sayadaw spent his rainy retreats at Ledi Monastery and wrote thePuooov±da-kamma μμh±na (the meditation taught for Puooa ) and the Vijj±magga D2pan2 .",805 "chunk_size": 256806 },807 {808 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",809 "chunk": "oa ) and the Vijj±magga D2pan2 . At the end of his rainy retreat in 1260 B.E., he went to Thit Khya Taung Tawya (Oak Tree Mountain Forest Monastery) in Kyaik Hto Township in Mon state,at the invitation of U Tiloka.",810 "chunk_size": 256811 },812 {813 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",814 "chunk": "e,at the invitation of U Tiloka. U Tiloka was a for-est dwelling monk and one of Sayadaw’s seniordisciples.He had written Pao1ita VedaniyaD2pan2, which was Ledi Sayadaw’s favourite book.",815 "chunk_size": 256816 },817 {818 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",819 "chunk": "s Ledi Sayadaw’s favourite book. In the Oak Tree Mountain Forest Monastery, Ledi Sayadaw taught meditation to his disciples—U Tiloka, U Nandam±la, U Visuddha, U Javana,U Sobhana and U Sundara.He meditated diligently with them day and night.",820 "chunk_size": 256821 },822 {823 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",824 "chunk": "igently with them day and night. From the Oak Tree Mountain Forest Monastery, Sayadaw visited Kusinaron Pagoda of Bi LinTownship.",825 "chunk_size": 256826 },827 {828 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",829 "chunk": "inaron Pagoda of Bi LinTownship. There he met many hermits whowanted him to teach them about magical science(vijj± ) and those who possess magical power (vijj±dhara ).",830 "chunk_size": 256831 },832 {833 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",834 "chunk": "ess magical power (vijj±dhara ). Ledi Sayadaw explained to them about real vijj± (wisdom) and real vijj±dhara (possessors of wisdom).Real vijj± is eradication of suffering through purification of mind.The her-mits implored him to write a book about vijj±.",835 "chunk_size": 256836 },837 {838 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",839 "chunk": "him to write a book about vijj±. This book is called Vijj±magga D2pan2 .In 1262 B.E., he authored the Uttamapurisa D2pan2 .He then took his rainy season retreat at Maha Myaing Taw (forest) along with his disci-ple, U Eindaka, the Kyaung Pan Sayadaw.",840 "chunk_size": 256841 },842 {843 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",844 "chunk": "Eindaka, the Kyaung Pan Sayadaw. LediSayadaw guided U Eindaka in meditation.They practised diligently and continuously day and night.After some days, U Eindaka fell ill and LediSayadaw would go for alms and offer the food hereceived to his sick disciple.",845 "chunk_size": 256846 },847 {848 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",849 "chunk": "hereceived to his sick disciple. At the end of the rainyretreat, Ledi Sayadaw also fell ill and returned toLedi Forest, where he passed the time meditating, reading, writing and teaching.",850 "chunk_size": 256851 },852 {853 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",854 "chunk": ", reading, writing and teaching. During the years 1263-64 B.E., Ledi Sayadaw moved to Shwe Taung U Mountain on the banks of the Chindwin (Sall±v±ti) River near Alon Town,where he resided in a stone cave.",855 "chunk_size": 256856 },857 {858 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",859 "chunk": "here he resided in a stone cave. At that time, hewrote three books—the 3⁄4h±ra D2pan2, the Anatta D2pan2 and the Dhamma D2pan2 .In 1265 B.E., he moved to Latpantaung Mountain, on the north bank of the Chindwin River,three miles to the west of Monywa.",860 "chunk_size": 256861 },862 {863 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",864 "chunk": "ree miles to the west of Monywa. Here, he medi-tated and also wrote the following five books—Samm±di μμhi D2pan2 (Manual of Right Understanding), Catusacca D2pan2 (Manual of the Four Noble Truths), Kammaμμh±na D2pan2 (Manual of Meditation), Paramattha Saakhepa (stanzas in Myanmar), and Nirutti D2pan2 (in P±li).",865 "chunk_size": 256866 },867 {868 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",869 "chunk": "), and Nirutti D2pan2 (in P±li). The Nirutti D2pan2 was a commentary on the\n\nA Short Biography of Venerable Ledi Sayadaw vii Mogall±navy±karaoa , a famous classical P±li grammar.",870 "chunk_size": 256871 },872 {873 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",874 "chunk": "a famous classical P±li grammar. Sayadaw inserted the essence of otherancient P±li grammars into the Nirutti D2pan2 , commenting of the Kacc±yana , the R3pasiddhi and the Sadda N2ti, and presented many examples from the Tipiμaka.",875 "chunk_size": 256876 },877 {878 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",879 "chunk": "many examples from the Tipiμaka. During his visits to the royal palace, Ledi Sayadaw gave Dhamma discourses.On certaindays, he taught 3⁄4n±p±na meditation to those same audiences.",880 "chunk_size": 256881 },882 {883 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",884 "chunk": "itation to those same audiences. He wrote the 3⁄4n±p±na D2pan2 while staying at U Kyaung’s house in the Old RoyalPalace.During his sojourn at the Mandalay Palace, Ledi Sayadaw’s Dhamma teaching became widely celebrated throughout the capital city.",885 "chunk_size": 256886 },887 {888 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",889 "chunk": "ted throughout the capital city. For many years, Sayadaw had been teaching and expounding the complex metaphysical analy-sis contained in the seven volumes of theAbhidhamma Pi μaka, one of the three main divisions, or ‘baskets’ of the Theravada Buddhist Canon.",890 "chunk_size": 256891 },892 {893 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",894 "chunk": "of the Theravada Buddhist Canon. At this time, in the world of classical P±liliterature, one of the most popular Abhidhamma manuals was the Abhidhammatthasaagaha .",895 "chunk_size": 256896 },897 {898 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",899 "chunk": "was the Abhidhammatthasaagaha . Abhi means great, excellent, sublime; dhamma means doctrine, teaching, truth; attha means nature or thing; and saagaha means a collection, compendium or outline.",900 "chunk_size": 256901 },902 {903 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",904 "chunk": "llection, compendium or outline. Therefore, theAbhidhammatthasaagaha is an outline of the nature of the great sublime teaching.Although thisbook was widely read by scholars, its language was much too complex to be understood by the ordinary layperson.",905 "chunk_size": 256906 },907 {908 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",909 "chunk": "stood by the ordinary layperson. Ledi Sayadaw compiled theParamattha Saakhitta .This was written in beautiful and expressive poetical stanzas in theMyanmar language, making it easy for the aver-age person to remember and understand.",910 "chunk_size": 256911 },912 {913 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",914 "chunk": "rson to remember and understand. In 1266 B.E., Ledi Sayadaw resided at Kyin Myaing Tawya, to the north of Pyinmanar Town,and during his rainy retreat, he authored the fol-lowing books— Bh±v±na D2pan2, Bodhipakkhiya D2pan2 (The Manual of the Factors Leading to Enlightenment), and Saddasaakhepa (Sadda Saakhitta ).",915 "chunk_size": 256916 },917 {918 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",919 "chunk": "addasaakhepa (Sadda Saakhitta ). In 1267 B.E., he spent the rainy season retreat at Yekangyitawya (Great Lake Forest Monastery),in Myinkyan Town.",920 "chunk_size": 256921 },922 {923 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",924 "chunk": "est Monastery),in Myinkyan Town. Here he helped to establishand organise a Paμiccasamupp±da Association, aParamattha Saakhit Association, a Vipassan± Association and the Association for Refraining fromEating Beef, among others.",925 "chunk_size": 256926 },927 {928 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",929 "chunk": "g fromEating Beef, among others. At times, Ledi Sayadaw travelled continuously throughout the country to teach meditation andthe study of Dhamma to all levels of society.",930 "chunk_size": 256931 },932 {933 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",934 "chunk": "Dhamma to all levels of society. He travelled not only to drought areas, but also to plague infested areas as well as to feuding vil-lages.His visits were immensely beneficial.",935 "chunk_size": 256936 },937 {938 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",939 "chunk": "isits were immensely beneficial. In 1268 B.E., he spent his vassa at a Vipassana meditation centre near the ancient capital ofProme, the Vipassanakone Tawya.He also returned to Mandalay for a visit.In 1270 B.E., Sayadaw spent his vassa at Mawla Myaing.",940 "chunk_size": 256941 },942 {943 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",944 "chunk": "spent his vassa at Mawla Myaing. When the plague spread throughout the country andmany people were dying Ledi Sayadaw publishedRogantara D2pan2 in which he instructed people how to protect themselves from disease.",945 "chunk_size": 256946 },947 {948 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",949 "chunk": "protect themselves from disease. In 1276 B.E., while Sayadaw stayed at Ratan±siri Monastery, he wrote the Vipassan± D2pan2 (The Manual of Insight Meditation) during the annual meeting of the Society for Spread-ing the Buddha’s teaching in Foreign Countries.",950 "chunk_size": 256951 },952 {953 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",954 "chunk": "s teaching in Foreign Countries. The Vipassan± D2pan2 was dedicated as an ‘Outline of the Exercises of Insight for the Followersof the Budddha in Europe’.",955 "chunk_size": 256956 },957 {958 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",959 "chunk": "lowersof the Budddha in Europe’. The Sayadaw established many well-known monasteries throughout Myanmar, some of whichwere located in Monywa, Mandalay, Myinkyan (Mingyan), Sagaing, Pyinmanar, Taung Ngu, Yangon, Mawla Myaing, Hinthata, Pathein,Kyaiktho and Thaton.",960 "chunk_size": 256961 },962 {963 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",964 "chunk": "ta, Pathein,Kyaiktho and Thaton. He set up three kinds ofmonasteries—education centres, meditation cen-tres and secluded forest retreats.",965 "chunk_size": 256966 },967 {968 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",969 "chunk": "es and secluded forest retreats. The Saakhitta Associations, Abhidhamma Associations, Vipassan± Associations, Paμiccasamupp±da Associations, the Association for Refraining fromEating Beef, the P±li Translation Society and theWorld Missionary Association were some of theassociations which Sayadaw founded throughoutthe cities, towns and villages of Myanmar.",970 "chunk_size": 256971 },972 {973 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",974 "chunk": ", towns and villages of Myanmar. The P±li Translation Association, headed by his senior disciple, U Ñy±oa, compiled a P±li-Englishdictionary.",975 "chunk_size": 256976 },977 {978 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",979 "chunk": "mpiled a P±li-Englishdictionary. One of these disciples who was to have a far reaching influence in the spread of Ledi Sayadaw’s\n\nThe Manuals of Dhamma viii meditation techniques was the layman Saya Thetgyi.",980 "chunk_size": 256981 },982 {983 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",984 "chunk": "ues was the layman Saya Thetgyi. U Thet stayed with Ledi Sayadaw for seven years in all.",985 "chunk_size": 256986 },987 {988 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",989 "chunk": "Sayadaw for seven years in all. Ledi Sayadaw advised him at the timeof his departure to work diligently to develop hissam±dhi (concentration) and paññ± (purifying wisdom) so that eventually he could begin to teach.",990 "chunk_size": 256991 },992 {993 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",994 "chunk": "ntually he could begin to teach. U Thet consulted the manuals written by the Sayadaw whenever he needed guidance.U Thetstarted teaching 3⁄4n±p±na to a group of about fif-teen people in 1914.",995 "chunk_size": 256996 },997 {998 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",999 "chunk": "f about fif-teen people in 1914. After teaching for a year, inabout 1915, U Thet took his wife and her sister and a few other family members to Monywa to pay respects to Ledi Sayadaw who was about sev-enty years old at that time.",1000 "chunk_size": 2561001 },1002 {1003 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",1004 "chunk": "sev-enty years old at that time. When U Thet told histeacher about his meditation experiences and thecourses he had been offering, Ledi Sayadaw wasvery pleased.",1005 "chunk_size": 2561006 },1007 {1008 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",1009 "chunk": "g, Ledi Sayadaw wasvery pleased. It was during this visit that Ledi Sayadaw gave his staff to U Thet, saying, ‘Here, my great pupil,take my staff and go.Keep it well.From todayonwards, you must teach the Dhamma of r3pa and n±ma (mind and matter).",1010 "chunk_size": 2561011 },1012 {1013 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",1014 "chunk": "r3pa and n±ma (mind and matter). Pay homage to the s±sana in my stead.’ The next day Ledi Sayadaw summoned all the bhikkhus of his monastery.",1015 "chunk_size": 2561016 },1017 {1018 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",1019 "chunk": "l the bhikkhus of his monastery. He asked U Thet to stay on for ten or fifteen days to instruct them.The Sayadaw told the gathering of bhikkhus , ‘Take note, all of you.This layperson is my great pupil U Po Thet from lower Myanmar.",1020 "chunk_size": 2561021 },1022 {1023 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",1024 "chunk": "il U Po Thet from lower Myanmar. He is capable of teaching meditation like me.Those of you whowish to practise meditation, follow him.Learn thetechnique from him and practise.",1025 "chunk_size": 2561026 },1027 {1028 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",1029 "chunk": "technique from him and practise. You, D±yakaThet hoist the victory banner of Dhamma in placeof me, starting at my monastery.’ U Thet then taught Vipassana meditation to about twenty-fivemonks learned in the scriptures.",1030 "chunk_size": 2561031 },1032 {1033 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",1034 "chunk": "monks learned in the scriptures. U thet soon became known as Saya Thetgyi ( saya means “teacher;” gyi is a suffix denoting respect).Saya Thetgyi knew many of Ledi Sayadaw’s prolific writings by heart.His reputation as ameditation teacher spread.",1035 "chunk_size": 2561036 },1037 {1038 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",1039 "chunk": "n as ameditation teacher spread. His village was not far from Yangon.Hence government employees and urbanites, like U Ba Khin, also came to learn fromhim.It was widely believed in Myanmar that hewas an an±g±mi .",1040 "chunk_size": 2561041 },1042 {1043 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",1044 "chunk": "Myanmar that hewas an an±g±mi . He was known in Myanmar as ‘An±g±ma Saya Thetgyi.’ In 1273 B.E., (1912 C.E.) Ledi Sayadaw became the first person awarded the title of Aggamah±pao1ita by the British government since the annexation of Myanmar as a Britishcolony.",1045 "chunk_size": 2561046 },1047 {1048 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",1049 "chunk": "n of Myanmar as a Britishcolony. Later, Ledi Sayadaw was awarded the ti-tle of Doctor of Literature (D.Litt.) at the grandopening ceremony of Yangon University.During the last two years of his life, Ledi Sayadaw dwelled at Ledi Sankyaung inPyinmanar.",1050 "chunk_size": 2561051 },1052 {1053 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",1054 "chunk": "d at Ledi Sankyaung inPyinmanar. When he was seventy-seven years old,in the fifty-seventh year of his monkhood, he ex-pired on the full moon day of July, 1285 B.E.(1923 C.E.).The lamp of Dhamma was extinguished.",1055 "chunk_size": 2561056 },1057 {1058 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",1059 "chunk": "lamp of Dhamma was extinguished. *** The task given by Ledi Sayadaw, of spreading the Dhamma in all strata of society, to SayaThetgyi is continuing.S.N.Goenka (Goenkaji) learned Vipassana from Saya Thetgyi’s student, Sayagyi U Ba Khin.",1060 "chunk_size": 2561061 },1062 {1063 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",1064 "chunk": "yi’s student, Sayagyi U Ba Khin. After practising Vipassanafor fourteen years under Sayagyi’s guidance,Sayagyi bestowed on Goenkaji the responsibilityof vipassana-±cariya in 1969.The legacy of Ledi Sayadaw continues.",1065 "chunk_size": 2561066 },1067 {1068 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",1069 "chunk": "egacy of Ledi Sayadaw continues. ***\n\nThe Manuals of Dhamma by Ledi Sayadaw\n\nThe Vipassan± D2pan2 or The Manual Of Insight\n\nThe Vipassan± D2pan2 or The Manual Of Insight by the Mah±-Thera Ledi Sayadaw, Aggamah±pao1ita, D.Litt.",1070 "chunk_size": 2561071 },1072 {1073 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",1074 "chunk": "ayadaw, Aggamah±pao1ita, D.Litt. Translated into English by U Nyana, Patamagyaw of Masoeyein Monastery, Mandalay.",1075 "chunk_size": 2561076 },1077 {1078 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",1079 "chunk": "f Masoeyein Monastery, Mandalay. The Three Vipall±sa Vipall±sa means hallucination, delusion, erroneous observation, or, taking that which is true as beingfalse, and that which is false as true.There are three kinds of Vipall±sa , to wit: 1.",1080 "chunk_size": 2561081 },1082 {1083 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",1084 "chunk": "kinds of Vipall±sa , to wit: 1. Saññ±-vipall±sa —hallucination of perception; 2.Citta-vipall±sa —hallucination of thought; 3.Diμμhi-vipall±sa —hallucination of views.",1085 "chunk_size": 2561086 },1087 {1088 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",1089 "chunk": "pall±sa —hallucination of views. Of these three, hallucination of perception is fourfold, thus: (i) It erroneously perceives impermanence as permanence; (ii) Impurity as purity;(iii) Ill as good; and(iv) No-soul as soul.",1090 "chunk_size": 2561091 },1092 {1093 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",1094 "chunk": "s good; and(iv) No-soul as soul. The same holds good with regard to the remaining two vipall±sa , i.e., those of thinking and viewing.",1095 "chunk_size": 2561096 },1097 {1098 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",1099 "chunk": ", those of thinking and viewing. All these classifications come under the category of “This is mine! This is my Self or living Soul!” and will be made clear later.",1100 "chunk_size": 2561101 },1102 {1103 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",1104 "chunk": "!” and will be made clear later. The three Vipall±sa may be illustrated respectively by the similes of the wild deer, the magician, and aman who has lost his way.This is the simile of the wild deer to illustrate the hallucination of perception.",1105 "chunk_size": 2561106 },1107 {1108 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",1109 "chunk": "the hallucination of perception. In the middle of a great forest a certain husbandman cultivated a piece of paddy land.Whilethe cultivator was away, wild deer were in the habitof coming to the field and eating the young spikesof growing grain.",1110 "chunk_size": 2561111 },1112 {1113 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",1114 "chunk": "he young spikesof growing grain. So the cultivator put some straw together into the shape of a man and set it up in the middle of the field in order to frighten the deer away.He tied the straws together with fibres into the re-semblance of a body, with head, hands and legs;and with white lime painting on a pot the lineamentsof a human face, he set it on the top of the body.",1115 "chunk_size": 2561116 },1117 {1118 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",1119 "chunk": "e set it on the top of the body. He also covered the artificial man with some old clothes such as a coat, and so forth, and put a bow and ar-row into his hands.",1120 "chunk_size": 2561121 },1122 {1123 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",1124 "chunk": "a bow and ar-row into his hands. Now the deer came as usual toeat the young paddy; but approaching it and catch-ing sight of the artificial man, they took it for a realone, were frightened and ran away.",1125 "chunk_size": 2561126 },1127 {1128 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",1129 "chunk": "e, were frightened and ran away. In this illustration, the wild deer had seen men before and retained in their memory the perceptionof the shape and form of men.In accordance withtheir present perception, they took the straw manfor a real man.",1130 "chunk_size": 2561131 },1132 {1133 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",1134 "chunk": "ook the straw manfor a real man. Thus their perception of it was anerroneous perception.The hallucination of perception is as here shown in this allegory of the wild deer.It is very clear and easy to understand.",1135 "chunk_size": 2561136 },1137 {1138 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",1139 "chunk": "ry clear and easy to understand. Thisparticular hallucination is also illustrated in the caseof a bewildered man who has lost his way and can-not make out the cardinal points, East and West, in the locality in which he is, although the rising and setting of the sun may be distinctly perceived byany one with open eyes.",1140 "chunk_size": 2561141 },1142 {1143 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",1144 "chunk": "ceived byany one with open eyes. If the error has once beenmade, it establishes itself very firmly, and is onlywith great difficulty to be removed.",1145 "chunk_size": 2561146 },1147 {1148 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",1149 "chunk": "great difficulty to be removed. There are manythings within ourselves which we are always apprehending erroneously and in a sense the reverse of the truth as regards Impermanence and No-soul.Thus through the hallucination of perception we ap-prehend things erroneously in exactly the same waythat the wild deer take the straw man to be a realman even with their eyes wide open.",1150 "chunk_size": 2561151 },1152 {1153 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",1154 "chunk": "even with their eyes wide open. Now for the simile of the magician to illustrate the hallucination of thought.",1155 "chunk_size": 2561156 },1157 {1158 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",1159 "chunk": "te the hallucination of thought. There is a pretended art called magic by means of which when lumps of earth are exhibited in the pres-ence of a crowd, all who look at them think they arelumps of gold and silver.",1160 "chunk_size": 2561161 },1162 {1163 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",1164 "chunk": "hey arelumps of gold and silver. The power of the magical art is such as to take from men their ordinary power of seeing and in its place put an extraordinary kindof sight.",1165 "chunk_size": 2561166 },1167 {1168 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",1169 "chunk": "t an extraordinary kindof sight. It can thus for a time, turn the mind upside\n\n2 The Manuals of Dhamma down, so to speak.",1170 "chunk_size": 2561171 },1172 {1173 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",1174 "chunk": "als of Dhamma down, so to speak. When persons are in command of themselves they see lumps of earth as they are.But under the influence of this magical art, they seethe lumps of earth as lumps of gold and silver with all their qualities of brightness, yellowness, whiteness, and so forth.",1175 "chunk_size": 2561176 },1177 {1178 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",1179 "chunk": "owness, whiteness, and so forth. Thus, their beliefs, observations,or ideas, become erroneous.",1180 "chunk_size": 2561181 },1182 {1183 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",1184 "chunk": "ions,or ideas, become erroneous. In the same way ourthoughts and ideas are in the habit of wrongly tak-ing false things as true and thus we delude ourselves.For instance, at night we are often deceived into thinking we see a man when it is really the stump of a tree that we are looking at.",1185 "chunk_size": 2561186 },1187 {1188 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",1189 "chunk": "f a tree that we are looking at. Or, on seeing a bush,we imagine we are looking at a wild elephant; or,seeing a wild elephant take it to be a bush.",1190 "chunk_size": 2561191 },1192 {1193 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",1194 "chunk": "d elephant take it to be a bush. In this world all our mistaken ideas as to what comes within the field of our observation, are due to the action of the hallucination of thought which is deeper and more unfathomable than that of theperception, since it deludes us by making false thingsseem true.",1195 "chunk_size": 2561196 },1197 {1198 "source": "34.The-Manual-of-Dhamma-by-Ven-Ledi-Sayadaw(Dana)_0.pdf",1199 "chunk": "by making false thingsseem true. However, as it is not so firmly rooted asthe latter, it can easily be removed by investigationor by searching into the causes and conditions of things.",1200 "chunk_size": 256